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Solutions Manual To Accompany Introducti
Solutions Manual To Accompany Introducti
eu/Introduction-to-Flight-7th-Edition-Anderson-Solutions-Manual
By
John D. Anderson, Jr.
Chapter 2
3 3
2.2 Mean kinetic energy of each atom = k T = (1.38 × 10−23 ) (500) = 1.035 × 10−20 J
2 2
One kg-mole, which has a mass of 4 kg, has 6.02 × 1026 atoms. Hence 1 kg has
1
(6.02 × 1026 ) = 1.505 × 1026 atoms.
4
Totalinternal energy = (energy per atom)(number of atoms)
= (1.035 ´10-20 )(1.505 ´1026 ) = 1.558 ´ 106 J
p 2116 slug
2.3 ρ= = = 0.00237 3
RT (1716)(460 + 59) ft
p 2116 slug
2.4 ρ= = = 0.00274 3
RT (1716)(460 - 10) ft
Since the volume of the room is the same, we can simply compare densities between the two
problems.
slug
Δρ = 0.00274 - 0.00237 = 0.00037
ft 3
Δρ 0.00037
% change = = ´ (100) = 15.6% increase
ρ 0.00237
2.5 First, calculate the density from the known mass and volume, ρ = 1500 / 900 = 1.67 lb m /ft 3
2
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be
displayed, reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used
beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A
student using this manual is using it without permission.
2.6 p = ρ RT
np = np + nR + nT
Thus,
3
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be
displayed, reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used
beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A
student using this manual is using it without permission.
2.9
3 3
Fp = Force due to pressure =
ò 0
p dx =
ò 0
(2116 - 10 x) dx
ò ò
90
Fτ = Force due to shear stress = τ dx = 1
dx
0 0
(x + 9) 2
1
= [180 ( x + 9) 2 ] 30= 623.5 - 540 = 83.5 lb tangential to wall.
3
2.10 V = V∞ sin θ
2
Minimum velocity occurs when sin θ = 0, i.e., when θ = 0° and 180°.
Vmin = 0 at θ = 0° and 180°, i.e., at its most forward and rearward points.
Maximum velocity occurs when sin θ = 1, i.e., when θ = 90°. Hence,
3
Vmax = (85)(1) = 127.5 mph at θ = 90°,
2
i.e., the entire rim of the sphere in a plane perpendicular to the freestream direction.
4
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be
displayed, reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used
beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A
student using this manual is using it without permission.
This is the lifting force on the balloon due to the outside air. However, the helium inside the
balloon has weight, acting in the downward direction. The weight of the helium is less than that
of air by the ratio of the molecular weights
4
WH c = (0.168) = 0.0233 lb.
28.8
Hence, the maximum weight that can be lifted by the balloon is
0.168 − 0.0233 = 0.145 lb.
2.12 Let p3, ρ3, and T3 denote the conditions at the beginning of combustion, and p4, ρ4, and T4
denote conditions at the end of combustion. Since the volume is constant, and the mass of the
gas is constant, then p4 = ρ3 = 11.3 kg/m3. Thus, from the equation of state,
or,
1.3 ´ 107
p4 = = 129 atm
1.01 ´ 105
2.13 The area of the piston face, where the diameter is 9 cm = 0.09 m, is
π (0.09) 2
A= = 6.36 ´ 10-3 m 2
4
(a) The pressure of the gas mixture at the beginning of combustion is
1.28 ´ 104
F3 = = 2876 lb
4.45
5
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be
displayed, reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used
beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A
student using this manual is using it without permission.
2.14 Let p3 and T3 denote conditions at the inlet to the combustor, and T4 denote the temperature at
the exit. Note: p3 = p4 = 4 ´ 106 N/m 2
p3 4 ´ 106
(a) ρ3 = = = 15.49 kg/m3
RT3 (287)(900)
p4 4 ´ 106
(b) ρ4 = = = 9.29 kg/m3
RT4 (287)(1500)
2.15 1 mile = 5280 ft, and 1 hour = 3600 sec.
So:
æ miles ÷öæ 5280 ft ÷öæ 1 hour ÷ö
çç 60 ÷çç ÷çç ÷ = 88 ft/sec.
èç hour ÷øèç mile ÷øèç 3600 sec ÷ø
A very useful conversion to remember is that
60 mph = 88 ft/sec
also, 1 ft = 0.3048 m
æ æ ö
÷öç 0.3048 m ÷÷ = 26.82 m
ç 88 ft ÷ç
çèç sec ø÷ç
÷èç 1 ft ÷÷
ø sec
ft m
Thus 88 = 26.82
sec sec
miles 88 ft/sec
= 1015 ft/sec
hour 60 mph
2.16 692
From Appendix C,
1 lb f = 4.448 N.
So,
0.123 ×105
F= = 2765 lb
4.448
This force acts in the same direction as the flow (i.e., it is aerodynamic drag.)
6
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be
displayed, reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used
beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A
student using this manual is using it without permission.
W 10,100
2.18 Wing loading = = = 43.35 lb/ft 2
s 233
In SI units:
W lb 4.448 N 1 ft
= 43.35 2
s
2
ft 1 lb 0.3048 m
W N
= 2075.5
s m2
W N 1kf
= 2075.5 2
kg f
s m 9.8 N
= 211.8 2
m
0.3048 m
Altitude = (25, 000 ft)
1 ft
= 7620 m = 7.62 km
ft 0.3048 m
2.20 V = 26, 000 = 7.925 × 10
3 m = 7.925 km
sec 1 ft sec sec
7
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be
displayed, reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used
beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A
student using this manual is using it without permission.