FEBRUARY 2021

MMA25B/PMA24 — CALCULUS OF
VARIATION AND INTEGRAL EQUATIONS

Time : Three hours Maximum : 75 marks

SECTION A — (5  6 = 30 marks)

Answer ALL questions.

1. (a) Find the eigenvalues and eigen functions of

the homogeneous integral equation

 g t dt .
2
g s    st  st 
1

Or
(b) Test for an extremum the functional
1
I yx    xy  y  y0  1
2
 2 y2 y dx , and
0
y1  2 .

2. (a) Find the extremum of the functional

2
I y   1  y 
2 1/ 2
dx subject to the conditions
2

y  x 2 and y 2  3 , y2  3 .

Or

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 (b) Find the extremum of the functional
x2

 y 
 z2  2 yz dx with y0  0 , z 0  0
2
I
x1

and the point x2 , y2 , z2  moves over the fixed

plane x  x2 .

3. (a) Reduce y  y  s , y0  y1  0 into a

Fredholm integral equation.

Or
(b) Find the surface of a minimum area, strected
over a given closed space curve C , enclosing
the domain D in the xy  plane.

4. (a) Solve the inhomogeneous Fredholm integral

equation of the second kind
1
g s   2s   s  t  g t dt .

0

Or
(b) Solve the integral equation

 
1
g s   s   st  st g t dt .
0

5. (a) Solve the integral equation

g t dt
s
f s    cost  cos s 1/ 2
, 0a sb .
a

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 Or
(b) Define the resolvent kernel for the integral
2
equation g s   f s     st  s t  g t dt .
2 2

SECTION B — (3  15 = 45 marks)

Answer any THREE questions.

6. (a) Are there any solution with corner points in

the extremum of the functional
x1

I yx    y 
 6 y2 dx , y0  0 , yx1   y1 ?
4

(b) Find the extremals of the functional

I yx  
x1
1  y  dx2


x0
y2

7. (a) Derive the Abel’s integral equation.

(b) Find the function on which the following
functional can be extremized
1
I y   y 
 2xy dx , y0  0  y0 ,
2

0
y1  1 / 120 and y1 is not given.

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8. Show that the integral equation
2
1
g s   f s   sin s  t  g t dt posses no solution

 0
for f s  s , but it process infinitely many
solutions when f s  1 .

9. Solve the Fredholm integral equation

1
g s   1   1  3st g t dt and evaluate the
0
resolvent kernel.

10. Define the curve with fixed boundary points such

that its rotation about the axis of a abcissae give
rise to a surface of revolution of minimum surface
area.

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