CONFIDENTIAL 2 LG/NOV 2020/ELC550 (SET2)

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY (30 MARKS)

Read the following article.

I Journalling is a written record of our thoughts and feelings. It has now become a
huge trend in the US, with an estimated $210 million spent on essentials, such as
journals, notepads and pens in 2018. Experts view this rise as a response to
people’s need to escape from the never-ending stream of digital content. Many
researchers have revealed that journalling has so many incredible benefits for both
our mental and physical health.

II Journalling, which is a form of expressive writing, seems to bring joy to its writers. A
study conducted by Seligman, Steen, Park and Peterson (2005) encouraged 411
respondents to complete a few writing exercises which include writing about their
early pleasant memories and noting three good things in their life each day.The
results showed that the act of journalling increases long-term happiness levels of
the writers.

III Apart from the above mentioned study, a published paper has discussed the
emotional and physical benefits of expressive writing. A number of studies
reviewed by Baikie and Wilhelm (2005) have shown how journalling can improve
one’s immunity. In a research in New Zealand, HIV patients were encouraged to
write about emotional topics. Incredibly, the simple act over the course of six
months led to an increase in their CD4+ lymphocyte cell counts, which helped to
improve their immunity.

IV There are a few journal platforms created specifically for those who are seeking
new ways to manage symptoms of anxiety. In 2018, a research study was carried
out by Smyth, Johnson, Auer, Lehman, Talamo, and Sciamanna on 70 patients in
Pennsylvania with elevated anxiety symptoms. After just 12 weeks of journalling,
they found that the respondents showed a significant decrease in mental distress
and an improved overall well-being.

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V People might see journalling as benefitting their mental health, but little do they
know that a fitness journal can bring positive impact on their physical health, too.
Health and Wellness expert, Gabrielle Kassel, wrote about her own experience of
journalling her workouts. She postulated several different benefits, including how it
held her accountable for her decisions, increased her flexibility and enabled her to
get even more from her own body (Kassel, 2017).

VI Living with chronic pain can lead to anger or anxiety. Hanscom (2020) recognises
the link between these emotions and chronic pain, and explains how journalling
can come to the rescue. He explained that they are just emotional circuits tied with
the pain. He adds that journalling makes the patient more self-aware of the source
of the anxiety and frustration, which later provides patients with options on how to
respond to the stressor.

VII The benefits of expressive writing have been well documented among several
studies and proven to contribute to the betterment of an individual. The practice of
writing emotional events and life experience has been found to result in
improvements in health both physically and psychologically. Indeed, journalling
could serve as an alternative to clinical treatments for one’s overall well-being.

Adapted from Benefits of Journalling: Write Your Way to Better Health,

May 3, 2020,
https://www.themanhattantimes.com/benefits-of-journalling/

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Based on the given article, write an annotated bibliography of about 300 words on the
advantages of journalling. You are required to paraphrase and summarise the information
critically.

Your annotation should include the following:

• a reference

• a minimum of four (4) in-text citations

• an introduction

• five (5) major points with relevant supporting details

• a critical response to the author’s argument

• appropriate use of language

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END OF QUESTION PAPER

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