MIL m5 - Media & Info Language

11
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MEDIA & INFORMATION

LITERACY
Quarter 3 – Module 5
LANGUAGES, LEGAL, ETHICAL & SOCIETAL

ISSUES
ASIAN TECHNOLOGICAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

Purok 2, Barangay Cobangbang
Daet, Camarines Norte
I. INTRODUCTION:
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is

here to help you master the context of Media and Information
Literacy. It contains varied activities that can help you as a Senior
High School student to not just be an information literate
individual, but a creative and critical thinker as well as responsible
user and competent producer of media and information.
The module contains lesson in Language, Legal, Ethical,

Societal Issues in Media and Information.
II. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify codes, convention, and message and how they affect the audience
and other stakeholders. (MIL11/12MILA-IIIf15)
2. Present an issue in varied ways to disseminate information using codes,
conventions and language of media. (MILI11/12MILA-IIIf16)
3. Put into practice your understanding of the intellectual property, copy right,
and fair use guidelines.(MIL11/12LESI-IIIg17a)
4. Cite practical situation when to apply knowledge in intellectual property, copy
right, and fair use guidelines.
III. What I Know?
(This test has no bearing to your output/performance but it could help you to
understand what’s this module is all about that could beared high grades for
your output/performance. see end of this module to campare your answer using
answer key)
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the letter that correspond to the correct

answer on your answer sheet.
1. These are known as a system or collection of signs that create

meaning when put together.
A. Conventions B. Formats C. Codes D. Symbols
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Quarter 3 | Module5|Languages, Legal, Ethical & Societal Issues
2. These codes show that it is beneath the surface of what we see or
iconic symbols that are easily understood.
A. Technical Codes C. Written Codes

B. Symbolic Codes D. Pseudo Codes
3. The codes that use language style and textual layout like
headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, and more.

4. A signs that inform road users of traffic laws and regulations which,
if disregarded, will constitute an offense.
A. Technical Signs C. Warning Signs

B. Genre D. Regulatory Signs
5. It is a French word which means “kind” or “class” The original Latin

word is “genus” and means a class of things that can be broken
down into subcategories.
A. Format C. Entertainment
B. Genre D. Conventions
B. IDENTIFICATION: Match Symbol Column with its corresponding

Meaning column. Writethe correct answer on your answer sheet.
Symbol Meaning/What it represents
1.
2.
3.
4.
| page 3
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C. TRUE OR FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct, otherwise False if

it is incorrect. Writethe correct answer on your answer sheet.
1. A copyright protects solely original works of “authorship” like literacy

works and sound recording.
2. In the internet always remember that real people take priority.
3. Algorithm is a collection of rules that governs what conduct is socially

acceptable in a web or digital scenario.
4. Never post private or embarrassing images or comments in social

media.
5. Computer addiction is a disorder in which individual turns to the

Internet or plays computer games to change moods, overcome
anxiety, deal with depression, reduce isolation or loneliness, or distract
themselves from overwhelming problems.
| page 4
D. MATCHING TYPE: Match column A with column B. Writeonly the letter
on your answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. Copying or closely imitating the work of A. Copyright

another author,composer, etc., while
notpermission and with the intention of
passing the results off asoriginal.
2. A type of bullying that takes place on-

line, orvictimizationelectronic technology B.LaptopAddiction
like cellphones, computers, and tablets
overcommunication tools
C. Cyber Bullying
3. A legal device that provides the creator
of a literary, artistic, musical, or different
inventive work the only real right to publish
and sell that job.
D. Fair Use
4. The excessive use of computers to the
extent that it interferes with standard of
living, particularly in using technological
device.
5. Refers to the limitation and to the E. Plagiarism
prerogative granted by copyright law to
the author of an ingenious work.
6. A term referring to the gap between F. Bullying
demographics and regions that have
access to trendy info and technology,
and people that do not or have restricted
access.
7. A type of bullying that involves hurting a G. Netiquette
person‟s body or possessions.
8. The unwanted, aggressive behavior H. Physical Bullying
among school aged children that involves
a real or perceived power imbalance.
9. A set of rules for behaving properly on- I. Patent
| page 5
line.
10. Exclusive right granted for an J. Cybercrime
invention.
K. Digital Divide
IV. What is it?
Media Languages. These are codes, conventions, formats, symbols

and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media
messages to an audience.
Codes. In media studies, codes are known as a system or collection

of signs that create meaning when put together. As boy scouts, or
girl scout, you might be familiar with the use of morse code, the
smoke signals, or the signal flags for relating a message to another.
Semiotics is the study of signs.
Three Types of Media Codes

1. The Symbolic Codes
These codes show what is beneath the surface of what we see

(objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc.) or iconic
symbols that are easily understood. Symbolic codes in media
include setting, mise en scene, acting and color.
Example: What does a clenched fist symbolizes?
A clenched fist may convey anger.
a. Setting is the time and place of the narrative. A setting can be

a s big as the galaxy or space, or as small as a specific room. It
can even be a created atmosphere or frame of mind.
b. Mise en Scene means the stage setting, everything within the

frame. The arrangement of actors and scenery on a stage for a
theatrical production (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mise-en-sc%C3%A8ne )
In media terms it has become to mean the description of all

the objects within a frame of the media product and how they
| page 6
have been arranged. An analysis of mise en scene includes: Set
Design, Costume.
c. Acting. The actors portray characters in media products and

contribute to character development, creating tension or
advancing.
d. Color has highly cultural and strong connotations. When

studying the use of color in a media product the different aspects
to be looked at are: Dominant color, Contrasting foils, and Color
Symbolism.
2. Technical Codes
The technical codes include sound, camera angles, types of

shots and lightning. They may include, for example, ominous music
to communicate danger in a feature film, or high-angle camera
shots to create a feeling of power in a photograph. Technical codes
in media may include Camerawork, Editing, Audio and Lightning.
The actor portrays a character through: Facial expression,
Movement and Body contact.
Film makers control what the audience focus on and therefore

every shot is chosen for a reason. Changing how an object or
person is framed can drastically alter how audience react to that
character/ object. There is no such thing as neutral.
Camerawork refers to how the camera is operated, positioned

and moved for specific effects. Camerawork includes: Positioning,
Movement, Framing, Exposure, and Lens choice.
Editing is the process of choosing, manipulating and arranging

images and sound.
Audio is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound. The three

aspects of audio are: Dialogue, Sound effects, and Music.
Lighting is the manipulation of natural or artificial light to

selectively highlight specific elements of the scene. Elements of
lighting include: Quality, Direction, Source, & Colour. Camera shots
are an essential aspect of filmmaking and video productions,
because by combining different types of shots, angels and camera
| page 7
movements, the filmmakers are able to emphasize specific
emotions, ideas and movement for each scene.
3. Written Codes – it is use of language style and textual layout

(headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc.) The
study of written codes includes:
- Headlines / Titles – It is the text indicating the nature of the

article below it.
- Typeface/Font
- Slogans / Taglines
- Captions (print) or inter-titles (moving image)
- Style
- Choice of words
- Emphasis of words.
The use of language style and textual layout also express

meaning. In newspapers for instance, the layout speaks about the
degree of importance of a news story with respect to other news
stories. Typically, newspaper editors follow the inverted “S” of news
layout because the mode by which people read would be from left
to right and from the upper fold of the newspaper down to the lower
fold. Captions, titles, slogans, taglines, and some other language
elements are also utilizing in a way suggest a particular meaning.
Conventions are accepted ways of using media codes.

Conventions are closely connected to the audience expectations of
a media product. Different types of conventions include form
conventions, story conventions and genre conventions.
Form conventions are the certain ways we expect types of

media codes to be arranged. For instance, an audience expects to
have a title of the film at the beginning, and then credits at the end.
Newspapers will have the headline or the most important news on
the front page and sports news on the back page. Video games
usually start with a tutorial to explain the mechanics of how the
game works.
| page 8
Story conventions are common narrative structures and
understandings that are common in story telling media products.
Examples of story conventions include: Narrative structures, Cause
and effect, Character construction, and Point of View.
Genre conventions point to the common use of images,

characters, settings or themes in a particular type of medium. Genre
conventions are closely linked with audience expectations. Genre
conventions can be formal or thematic.
Source: https://englishyourway.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/VOCABULARY-TRafficSigns.png
Types of Signs
A. Regulatory Signs – signs that inform road users of traffic laws and
regulations which, if disregarded, will constitute an offense.
1. Priority Signs, like Stop sign, Give way sign, Left turner must give way
2. Direction Signs
3. Prohibitive / Restriction Signs
4. Speed Signs
| page 9
5. Parking Signs
6. Miscellaneous Signs
B. Warning signs – Signs used to warn motorists of potentially

hazardous conditions on or adjacent to the road. It advises motorists
of road conditions that require caution and may call for a reduction
in speed, in the interest of safety and that of other road users.
1. Horizontal signs
2. Intersection signs
3. Advance Warning/ Traffic Control Device Signs
4. Road Width Signs
5. Road Obstacle Signs
6. Pedestrian School Signs
What is Genre?
Genre is a French word which means “kind” or “class”. The

original Latin word is “genus” and means a class of things that can
be broken down into subcategories.
The primary genres that media and information industry

consider are the following in broad strokes: news, information,
education, entertainment, and advertising.
News. These are stories that have critical importance to community

and national life. Like the storytelling of fictional dramas, news stories
are also told following the basic structure of beginning, middle, and
end.
Advertisements are messages that are created to sell a product or

services.
Three established broad sub-genres of Advertising
1. Hard-sell advertisements. These are commercial in nature

and utilizes explicit messages to get the consumers to
purchase a product or patronize service.
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2. Soft-sell advertisements. These are associate in nature. A
major soda company associates its product with the happiness
derived from family togetherness.
3. Infomercial –Derived from the word “information” and

“commercials” combine the need to inform or educate and
the intent to sell a product. Advocacy groups use infomercials
to send messages.
Entertainment derives from the French word entretenir which means „

to hold the attention, keep you busy, or amused,”.
Role of Genre in Understanding Media Messages
Genre helps audiences-readers and viewers- to understand the

text by merely looking at those signs that you can recognize and
interpret. Oftentimes, you may not understand the whole film you
are watching but because there are clues in context that these
codes or signs provide, you are able to form interpretations. This is
why those who construct the message should “conform to certain
standard practice within the boundaries of a particular genre
(Bhatia, 1993).” The codes in the genre guide the audience toward
a particular understanding of the message.
But a genre is not fixed or static. There are factors that may
influence how message may be understood. The factors include:
• One‟s role in the society, i.e., a student may interpret the

massage differently compared to someone who is working adult;
• Group purposes-your reasons for consuming the message affect

your understanding of it, e.g., when you what for entertainment, you
may tend to be less critical of the hidden intention of the message;
• Professional and organizational preferences and prerequisites-

your biases toward the massage may also affect your interpretation
of it; and
• Culture constraints-the culture you belong to may have a

different way of looking at things compared to other cultures.
| page 11
Format
The formats are templates that provide the working and

provisional structures of media and information texts. Formats
provide the architectural foundation of a media or information text
and thus dictate the kind of content that will be generated and the
specific audience a program will attract.
A formula is an established procedure for achieving something. In

media creation and production, the formula is the combination of
elements that will generate the kind of content and the optimal
effect that is envisioned.
What is copyright?
Copyright is mainly the protection of one‟s expressions which only

becomes tangible and concepts when objects are created as
manifestation of these expression. Copyright could be a variety of
protection provided by the laws to the authors of “original works of
authorship,” together with literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and
bound different intellectual works. This protection is obtainable to
each revealed and unpublished works.
• Set of rights granted the author
• Creator of a piece, to limit others ability to repeat
• Redistribute and reshape the content.
Related Issues
A copyright protects solely original works of “authorship” enclosed

within the following seven categories:
• Literary works (including pc programs),
• Musical works, together with any incidental words,
• Dramatic works, together with any incidental music,
• Pantomimes and dance works,
• Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works,
• Motion photos and different audiovisual works,
• Sound recordings.
| page 12
Registering Copyright
Majority of the state signatories of WIPO adhere to the Berne

convention that provides automatic copyright protection. This
means that a registration or any other formality is not required. As for
most countries, including the Philippine, there is a system for
voluntary registration of works. Such system “help solve disputes over
ownership or creation, as well as facilitate financial transactions,
sales, and the assignment and/or transfer of rights.”
Fair Use
Fair Use is the limitation and to the prerogative granted by

copyright law to the author of an ingenious work. samples of use
embrace statement, search engines, criticism, news coverage,
research, teaching, library archiving and scholarship.
Plagiarism
The plagiarism is copying or closely imitating the work of another

author, composer, etc., while no permission and with the intention of
passing the results of as original.
What is netiquette?
Netiquette refers to a collection of rules that governs what

conduct is socially acceptable in a web or digital scenario. It‟s a social
code of network communication. Netiquette is a set of rules for
behaving properly on-line. It represents the importance of correct
manners and behavior on-line. In general, netiquette is that the set of
skilled and social etiquettes practiced and advocated in transmission
over any electronic network. Common pointers embody being
courteous and precise, and avoiding cyber-bullying.
Netiquette additionally dictates that users ought to adapt
copyright laws and avoid over victimization emoticons. It could be a
short type of network rule or net rule. The word netiquette could be a
combination of „net‟ (from internet) and „etiquette‟. It suggests that
respecting alternative users‟ views and displaying common courtesy
once posting your views to on-line discussion teams.
| page 13
10 Basic Rules of Netiquette or Internet Etiquette
Know your manners when using Technology. The rules of etiquette

are just as important in cyberspace as they are in the evidence of poor
netiquette can stick around to haunt you for much longer. Follow these
basic rules of netiquette to avoid damaging your online and offline
relationships.
1. Remember That Real People Take Priority

If someone is in the room with you, stop what you are doing
and look at them. And don‟t answer your cellphone unless it is to tell
the person on the other end that you will call them right back. If you
are expecting an important call or email, let the person know
upfront, and apologize for taking the call. This is also true of public
places, such as restaurants, public transit, stores, and libraries. Avoid
taking phone calls and having conversations in these shared
spaces.
2. If You Wouldn‟t Say It to Someone‟s Face, Don‟t Say It Online
Name-calling, cursing, expressing deliberately offensive
opinions – if you wouldn‟t do it to the face of anyone who might
conceivably see what you write, don‟t write it. This goes for any
social media site, forum, chat room, or email message, even if you
think it can‟t be traced back to you.
3. If You Wouldn‟t Show it in Public, Don‟t Share It Online
Naked sex pictures, drunk pictures, drug use pictures,
unedited home video - if you would have a problem with your boss,
your parents, or your kids seeing it now, or at any point in the future,
don‟t post it online.
4. Don‟t Exclude Your Audience
If you have an in-joke to share with one other person, or a
small number of people in a larger online group, send them a
private message. Don‟t make everyone else feel left out by posting
an obscure comment to your Facebook status, forum, or Instagram
story.
| page 14
5. Don‟t “Friend” Then “Unfriend” People
NO one believes you have 1,000 friends, but it is insulting to be
dropped from someone‟s friend list. Think about it before adding
them or accepting their invitation. If you don‟t want to be in touch
with them, don‟t add them in the first place. If you want to stay in
touch for professional reasons, tell them you only use Facebook for
close personal friendships, and join LinkedIn or another professional
networking site for more distant contacts.
6. Don‟t Overload System Resources With Enormous Files

You might think that sequence of nature pictures with
inspirational statements is wonderfully moving. It might even give
you a sense of serenity. But that is the last thing it will give the person
you email it to if it crashes their server, depletes their inbox quota so
their emails get bounced for a week before they realize, or uses up
the last bit of space they needed to complete an important
assignment. So post it to your own space and send people a link.
Don‟t attached it to an email.
7. Respect People‟s Privacy
Don‟t forward information sent to you without checking with
the original sender first. Use BCC (blind carbon copy) rather than
CC (Carbon Copy) if you are sending something out to more than
one person. You might think that we are sending online, but your
friends may not want their names and or email addresses publicized
to people they do not even know.
8. Don‟t Repost Without Checking the Facts
That cure for cancer might sound pretty impressive, but it will
cause upset if it is a hoax. And urban myths add to the noise of the
internet and waste people‟s time. If you aren‟t sure of the facts,
email it to someone who does know or can find out. Or do a search
on Google or snopes.com.
9. Check and Respond to Email Promptly
By all means, ignore and delete spam, unsolicited messages,
and crazy stuff. But if you have given someone your email address
or if you are in a position where people could reasonably be
expected to contact you by email and your email address is public,
have the courtesy to reply to their message within a few days. If it is
going to take longer to reply, email them and tell them that.
10. Update Online Information That People Depend Upon
| page 15
Don‟t leave inaccurate information online just because you
can‟t be bothered to update your website. If you are going to be
unavailable, for example, don‟t leave your hours of operation
online indicating you will be available. If you can‟t keep your
website up to date, take it down.
Intellectual Property in International and Local Context

Intellectual property, or IP, as defined by the World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO), is the “creation of the mind, such as
inventions, literary and artistic works, designs and symbols, names and
images used in commerce.” Since the products of human intellect
have a direct influence on human civilization and on the development
of societies, there should be safeguards on intellectual property.
Laws are enacted to enforce and recognition toward the fruits of
other people‟s ingenuity. Inventions or creations serve some benefits to
user, thus in the logic of commerce of business, inventions and creators
should be properly compensated for their contribution. If their
intellectual property right is protected, people will be motivated to
contribute more by continuously inventing and creating for the public
good on the spirit of fair play.
The WIPO is the “global forum for intellectual property service,
policy, information, and cooperation.” In the Convention Establishing
the World Intellectual Property Organization signed at Stockholm on 14
July 1967 and amended on 28 September 1979, it has been agreed
among the state signatories that the WIPO will be “responsible for the
promotion and protection of intellectual property throughout the world
through cooperation among state and, where appropriate, in
collaboration with other international organizations, and for the
administration of various treaties dealing with intellectual property
rights,” WIPO has classified the forms of IP .
| page 16
The Intellectual Property Law of the Philippines
The Philippines, as a State signatory in the Convention Establishing
the World Intellectual Property Organization, is duty-bound to pass a
law on intellectual property protection. Thus, the enactment of
Republic Act 8293, otherwise known as “The Intellectual Property Code
of 1997”.
According to this piece of legislation, intellectual property rights consist

of:
1. Copyright and related rights;
2. Trademarks and service marks;
3. Geographic indication;
4. Industrial designs;
5. Patents;
6. Layout-designs {Topographies) of integrated circuits; and
7. Protection of understanding information.
| page 17
Copyright Protected Works
Under Philippine copyright, both original works and derivative
works are protected.
Original works are those that are literary or artistic in natures which
include the following:
• Books, pamphlets, article, and other writings
• Periodicals and newspapers
• Lectures, sermons, addresses, dissertation prepared for oral
delivery, whether or not reduced in writing or other material form
• Letters
• Dramatic or dramatic-musical compositions; choreographic
works or entertainment in dumb show
• Musical compositions, with or without words
• Works of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving,
lithography or other works of art; models or designs for works of art
• Original ornamental designs or models for articles of
manufacture, whether or not registrable as an industrial design,
and other works of applied art
• Illustration, maps, plans, sketches, chart and three-dimensional
works relative to geography, topography, architecture or science
• Drawings or plastic works of scientific or technical character
• Photographic works including work produced by a process
analogous to photography; lantern sides
• Audiovisual works and cinematographic works and works
produced by a process analogous to cinematography or any
process of making audio-visual recordings;
• Pictorial illustrations and advertisements
• Computer programs
• Other literary, scholarly, scientific and artistic works
V. LEARNING TASKS:
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the letter that correspond to the correct

answer on your answer sheet.
1. These are templates that provide the working and provisional

structures of media and information texts.
A. Conventions B. Formats C. Codes D. Symbols
| page 18
2. These codes show that it is beneath the surface of what we see or
iconic symbols that are easily understood.
3. The codes that uses language style and textual layout like headlines,
captions, speech bubbles, language style, and more.
4. What signs used to warn motorists of potentially hazardous conditions

on or adjacent to the road.
A. Technical Signs C. Warning Signs
B. Genre D. Regulatory Signs
5. These are messages that are created to sell a product or services.
A. Advertisements C. Entertainment
B. Editorial writing D. News reporting
B. IDENTIFICATION: Match Symbol Column with its corresponding

Meaning column. Writethe correct answer on your answer sheet.
Symbol Meaning/What it represents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
| page 19
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C. MATCHING TYPE: Match column A with column B. Writeonly the letter

on your answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. Copying or closely imitating the work of A. Copyright

another author, composer, etc., while no
permission and with the intention of
passing the results off as original.
2. A legal device that provides the creator B.Laptop Addiction
of a literary, artistic, musical, or different
inventive work the only real right to publish
and sell that job.
3. A type of bullying that takes place on- C. Cyber Bullying

line, or victimization electronic technology
like cell phones, computers, and tablets
over communication tools
4. The excessive use of computers to the D. Fair Use
extent that it interferes with standard of
living, particularly in using technological
device.
5. Refers to the limitation and to the E. Plagiarism
prerogative granted by copyright law to
the author of an ingenious work.
6. A term referring to the gap between F. Bullying
demographics and regions that have
access to trendy info and technology,
| page 20
and people that do not or have restricted
access.
7. A type of bullying that involves hurting a G. Netiquette
person‟s body or possessions.
8. A set of rules for behaving properly on- H. Physical Bullying
line.
9. Exclusive right granted for an invention. I. Patent
10. The unwanted, aggressive behavior J. Digital Divide
among school aged children that involves
a real or perceived power imbalance.
K. Digital Divide
D. TRUE OR FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct, False if it is

incorrect. Write only the letter on your answer sheet.
1. A copyright protects solely original works of “authorship” like literacy

works and sound recording.
2. Algorithm is a collection of rules that governs what conduct is socially

acceptable in a web or digital scenario.
3. In the internet always remember that real people take priority.
4. Never post private or embarrassing images or comments in social

media.
5. Computer addiction is a disorder in which individual turns to the
Internet or plays computer games to change moods, overcome
anxiety, deal with depression, reduce isolation or loneliness, or distract
themselves from overwhelming problems.
What I Know?
A. Multiple Choice C. True or False
1. C 1. True
2. B 2. True
3. C 3. False
4. D 4. True
5. B 5. True
B. Identification D. Matching Type
1. Youtube 1. E
2. No Left Turn 2. C
3. Facebook 3. A
4. No U-Turn 4. B
5. Google Chrome 5. D
6. One-Way Traffic 6. J
7. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 7. H
8. No Parking 8. F
9. Android 9. G
10. Traffic Signal Ahead 10. I
| page 21

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11

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

MEDIA & INFORMATION

LANGUAGES, LEGAL, ETHICAL & SOCIETAL

ASIAN TECHNOLOGICAL SKILLS INSTITUTE, INC.

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is

The module contains lesson in Language, Legal, Ethical,

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

III. What I Know?

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the letter that correspond to the correct

1. These are known as a system or collection of signs that create

A. Conventions B. Formats C. Codes D. Symbols

A. Technical Codes C. Written Codes

A. Technical Codes C. Written Codes

A. Technical Signs C. Warning Signs

5. It is a French word which means “kind” or “class” The original Latin

B. IDENTIFICATION: Match Symbol Column with its corresponding

Symbol Meaning/What it represents

C. TRUE OR FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct, otherwise False if

1. A copyright protects solely original works of “authorship” like literacy

2. In the internet always remember that real people take priority.

3. Algorithm is a collection of rules that governs what conduct is socially

4. Never post private or embarrassing images or comments in social

5. Computer addiction is a disorder in which individual turns to the

1. Copying or closely imitating the work of A. Copyright

2. A type of bullying that takes place on-

IV. What is it?

Media Languages. These are codes, conventions, formats, symbols

Codes. In media studies, codes are known as a system or collection

Three Types of Media Codes

These codes show what is beneath the surface of what we see

Example: What does a clenched fist symbolizes?

A clenched fist may convey anger.

a. Setting is the time and place of the narrative. A setting can be

b. Mise en Scene means the stage setting, everything within the

In media terms it has become to mean the description of all

c. Acting. The actors portray characters in media products and

d. Color has highly cultural and strong connotations. When

The technical codes include sound, camera angles, types of

Film makers control what the audience focus on and therefore

Camerawork refers to how the camera is operated, positioned

Editing is the process of choosing, manipulating and arranging

Audio is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound. The three

Lighting is the manipulation of natural or artificial light to

3. Written Codes – it is use of language style and textual layout

- Headlines / Titles – It is the text indicating the nature of the

- Captions (print) or inter-titles (moving image)

The use of language style and textual layout also express

Conventions are accepted ways of using media codes.

Form conventions are the certain ways we expect types of

Genre conventions point to the common use of images,

3. Prohibitive / Restriction Signs

B. Warning signs – Signs used to warn motorists of potentially

3. Advance Warning/ Traffic Control Device Signs

4. Road Width Signs

5. Road Obstacle Signs

6. Pedestrian School Signs

Genre is a French word which means “kind” or “class”. The

The primary genres that media and information industry

News. These are stories that have critical importance to community

Advertisements are messages that are created to sell a product or

Three established broad sub-genres of Advertising

1. Hard-sell advertisements. These are commercial in nature

3. Infomercial –Derived from the word “information” and

MIL m5 - Media & Info Language

MIL m5 - Media & Info Language