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A study on slump and compressive strength of recycled aggregates embedded

concrete

Conference Paper · August 2017

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 A study on slump and compressive strength of
recycled aggregates embedded concrete
Nagaraja Ba, Vinay K V a, Keerthi Gowda B S a, Karisiddappa b.
a
Department of structural engineering, VTU PG center, Mysuru,karnataka, India.
b
Professor of civil engineering and vice- Chancellor ,VTU Belagavi,karnataka,India.

Abstract - Now a day’s demolition of concrete structural elements is quite common work. Lot of debris are generated by this task. Reuse of
crushed concrete structural elements is an essential and challenging job. In the present study crushed concrete cube debris (of size 20 mm sieve
passed and 10 mm sieve retained) are used as coarse aggregates for the production of cement concrete in economical way. Here compressive
strength of conventional concrete is compared with crushed concrete debris embedded plain cement concrete. Percentage of replacement of
debris are varied from 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50 and 100 to compare the compressive strength results among them. 30 % replacement of debris
for conventional coarse aggregate recorded the highest compressive strength of 31.11 MPa. Compressive strength of debris embedded concrete
showed higher compressive strength compared to conventional concrete. Also, a plain cement concrete embedded with debris and 10 mm long
raw Banana fibers (1% of cementitious material) recorded highest compressive strength compared to other concrete.

Keywords— Debris; recycled aggregate; crushed concrete; demolished waste; compressive strength.

remove the loose particles and improve the bond between the
1. Introduction  new cement paste and the recycled aggregate[11,12] The
results showed that silica fume improves the properties of new
Recycling of waste concrete is beneficial and necessary from concrete made of recycled aggregates in two ways: a) by
the viewpoint of environmental preservation and effective improving the interface between the recycled aggregate and
utilization of resources. For the effective utilization of the new cement matrix i) By strengthening the structure of the
demolished concrete, it is necessary to use that concrete as old paste that is still adhered to the recycled aggregate, which
recycled aggregate for new concrete. Various investigations cracked during the crushing process. Ultrasonic cleaning of
mainly engaged in the processing of demolished concrete, its recycled aggregates yielded a moderate increase of strength
mix design, physical and mechanical properties. Recycled [13].
aggregates generally produced by two stages crushing of
demolished concrete, screening and removal of reinforcement,
wood and plastic etc. [1]. RILEM committee has published
2. materials and methods
recommendations for the use of recycled aggregates
The cement used in the experiment is ordinary Portland
classifying them into three groups.
cement of a specific gravity of 3.15. M-sand is used for
Group 1-aggregates mainly from masonry rubble
concrete mix having a fineness modulus of 2.83 and
Group 2-aggregates obtained mainly from concrete rubble
specific gravity of 2.64 was used as fine aggregates.
Group 3-A mixture of natural aggregates (>80%) and rubble
Normal coarse aggregates of 20 mm maximum size of
from the other two groups [2]
fineness modulus 6.8, bulk density of 1600 kg/m3 and
The quality of the adhered mortar and properties of
specific gravity of 2.54 are used. Water conforming to the
recycled aggregates depends on the w/c ratio employed in
requirements for concreting and curing is used throughout.
original concrete and the quantity of adhered mortar
The recycled aggregates are obtained from demolished
influences the strength of concrete, size and crushing
concrete crushed in the crusher and sieved to obtain a
procedure adopted [3].Excessive paste content due to high air
proper size of aggregates.  . The recycled aggregates having
content of recycled aggregates will cause poor Workability
maximum size 20 mm retaining on 10 mm and having a
and large slump loss in concrete. Such poor quality further
specific gravity of 2.63 is used. The bulk density of
hinders the strength development of the resulting concrete
recycled aggregate obtained is 1515 kg/m3
[5].the strength characteristics of concrete are not affected by
the quality of recycled aggregate at higher water cement ratio;
Table-1 shows the ingredients proportion of concrete mix
it was only affected when the water cement ratio is low.
for different percentage replacement of recycled aggregates.
Recycled aggregates need 5% more amount of water for
The natural untreated banana fibers of length 20mm is used
making concrete [7]. An experimental study concluded that
as fiber reinforcement for second batch of concrete.Fig:1
compressive strength does not affected by the fine aggregate
and 2 shows the natural and recycled concrete aggregates.
replacement ratio up to 30%.The same study showed that both
In table FA, NCA, and RCA are the fine aggregates, normal
tensile strength and modulus of elasticity is reduced with
coarse aggregates and recycled coarse aggregates
increase in the replacement ratio [2-6]. In Italy, the use of 30
respectively.
% recycled concrete instead of virgin aggregate is definitively
allowed for producing concretes (C30/37 class) since July
2009[8-10]. In a study over treatment on recycled aggregates
proposed, Impregnation with a solution of silica fume and
Ultrasonic cleaning of recycled aggregate, were done to
 5. Results and discussion  
Workability 
As table-1 describes the workability for all the mixes are
same, however the water requirement for all the mixes are
different because the recycled aggregates content increases the
aggregate start absorb water from cubes. The water once
mixed the dry mix starts absorbing the water by recycled
aggregate and thus the slump is reduced. However use of
Fig: 1. Natural Coarse Fig: 2. Recycled coarse super plasticizers can improve the workability with less water
Aggregates. Aggregate. content.
Density of concrete 
Table: 1 Mix calculations Table 2 shows the density values in kg/m3 for all mixes with
fiber and without fiber reinforced recycled aggregates
S. Specim ce FA NCA RC Wa concrete. The results above indicate that all the concrete mixes
No en me A ter fibe with recycled aggregate have less density as compared to
designa nt r concrete with conventional materials. The density of recycled
tion aggregate concrete is obtained with range of 2422-2320
1 RC0 410 672 1240 0 186 0 kg/m3. The density of recycled aggregate concrete with
2 RC10 410 672 1116 124 186 0 banana fiber was obtained as 2482-2325kg/m3. The results
3 RC20 410 672 992 248 186 0 conclude that the banana fiber recycled aggregates concrete
4 RC25 410 672 930 310 186 0 showed slightly increase in density as compared without fiber
5 RC30 410 672 868 372 186 0 embedded concrete.
6 RC35 410 672 806 434 186 0
7 RC40 410 672 744 496 186 0 Table-2 Density of concrete
8 RC50 410 672 620 620 186 0 Specimen Density of RAC Density of
9 RC100 410 672 0 1240 186 0 designation RAC with
fibers
10 RFC0 410 672 1240 0 186 4.1
RC0 2442 2482
11 RFC10 410 672 1116 124 186 4.1
RC10 2430 2474
12 RFC20 410 672 992 248 186 4.1
RC20 2417 2447
13 RFC25 410 672 930 310 186 4.1
RC25 2411 2429
14 RFC30 410 672 868 372 186 4.1
RC30 2403 2414
15 RFC35 410 672 806 434 186 4.1
RC35 2343 2402
16 RFC40 410 672 744 496 186 4.1
RC40 2337 2373
17 RFC50 410 672 620 620 186 4.1
RC50 2328 2350
18 RFC100 410 672 0 1240 186 4.1
RC100 2320 2325
 
3. Mix proportions  Density of concrete
Nine different mixes were used to examine compressive
strength with addition of recycled coarse aggregates in each 2500
batch. Here RC and RFA represents the concrete mix ratios of 2400
0%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 50% and 100% of 2300
recycled aggregates with fiber and without fiber concrete. The
2200
water cement ratio used is 0.45 and the super plasticizer is
used for obtain the good workability of concrete. The details 2100
of mix design is shown in table-1. 2000

4. Casting curing and testing 
For each mix, 3 cubes of 150 mm x150 mm x150 mm are
sized casted. The casted specimens were kept in ambient
temperature for 24 hours, after 24 hours they were de-moulded
and placed in water for curing. Cubes are used to determine
the compressive strength of concrete at 3, 7 and 28 days. As
above each types of cubes are also casted by using natural
fibers respectively. The each specimens are tested manually
operated compressive testing machine and obtained results of
each cubes are tabulated in table 2.
 
RAC RAFC
Fig.3 Density of concrete
Compressive strength 
The cube compressive strength for all the mixes at
3,7 and 28 days of curing period is presented in table-3.The
results show that the concrete specimens with more
replacement of recycled aggregates have the lowest
compressive strength, when compared to the concrete
specimens with less recycled aggregates for all 3 ,7 and 28
days curing. A graphical representation of reduction in
compressive strength for different mixes is shown in figure-4. 6. Conclusion 
The compressive strength for 30 % replacement will achieve
the higher compressive strength of 31.11Mpa after that 1. The experiment results showed high values of water
strength will decreased. For 40 % replacement of recycled absorption and moisture content for all the recycled
aggregates the compressive strength had dropped 15 %. Even aggregates concrete. Here the mortar adhered it is
up to 50 % replacement by recycled, as the compressive more porous, thus absorbs more water is the main
strength get reduced maximum of 25% with respect to that of factor contributing towards decrease of compressive
normal concrete. There is a drop of 28 % compressive strength strength.
for the 100 % of recycled aggregates embedded concrete. The 2. The lower value of specific gravity of recycled
compressive strength of 100 % replacement of recycled aggregates is an indication that recycled concrete
aggregates concrete is 18.22 MPa. From the obtained results, aggregates are lighter than that of natural aggregates.
it is clear that concrete of 100 % recycled aggregates The main reason for this is existence of loose paste in
replacement can be used in application like concrete pavement the demolished waste.
and blocks. 3. Maximum strength of 31.11 MPa can be achieved for
In the case of replacement of natural aggregates with M25 grade concrete by 30% replacement of recycled
recycled aggregates and addition of raw banana fibers the aggregates. The 100% replacement with recycled
strength is slightly increased. Here aggregate the replacement aggregates and M-sand exhibits decrease in strength
up to 50% the compressive strength dropped only 10%. Even up to 28 %.
up to 100% replacement aggregates with addition of fibers the 4. Use of natural untreated banana fibers will enhance
compressive strength reduced up to 20%. The compressive the compressive strength, the 100 % replacement
strength for 100 replacement obtained is 20MPa. From the with banana fibers will reduce the strength up to 20
obtained results it is clear that the recycled aggregates of %.
100% replacement are used for application like concrete block
and concrete roads. References 
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