DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORK

10 MARK

1)DIFFERENT LAYER OF OSI MODEL

OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection. It has
been developed by ISO – ‘International Organization for
Standardization‘, in the year 1984.
2) MULTIPLEXING
3) DTE/DCE

5 MARK
1) WRITE THE TRANSMISSION BETWEEN SYNCHRONOUS
AND ASYNCHRONOUS
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-
synchronous-and-asynchronous-transmission/

2)WRITE SHORT NOTE ON TYPES OF ERROR DETECTION

3)EXPLAIN THE LAYER OF TCP/IP
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tcp-ip-model/
4) EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES TRANSMISSION MEDIAN
A transmission medium is a physical path between the
transmitter and the receiver

1. Guided Media: 
It is also referred to as Wired transmission media.
Features:  
 High Speed
 Secure

 Used for comparatively shorter distances

There are 3 major types of Guided Media: 
(i) Twisted Pair Cable – 
It consists of 2 separately insulated
conductor wires wound about each other.
They are the most widely used Transmission
Media. Twisted Pair is of two types: 
 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): 
UTP consists of two insulated copper wires twisted
around one another. It is used for telephonic
applications.
Advantages: 
 Least expensive
 Easy to install
 High-speed capacity
  Shielded Twisted Pair (STP): 
This type of cable consists of a special jacket to block
external interference. It is used in fast-data-rate
Ethernet and in voice and data channels of
telephone lines.
Advantages: 
 More expensive
 Bulky

(ii) Coaxial Cable

 The coaxial cable transmits information in two
modes:
 Baseband mode and Broadband mode
  Cable TVs and analog television networks widely use
Coaxial cables. 
Advantages: 
 High Bandwidth
 Easy to install and expand

 Inexpensive

(iii) Optical Fiber Cable – 

It uses the concept of reflection of light through a core
made up of glass or plastic. The cable can be
unidirectional or bidirectional.
Advantages:  
 Increased capacity and bandwidth
 Lightweight

 Less signal attenuation

 Resistance to corrosive materials

Disadvantages:  
 Difficult to install and maintain
 High cost
2. Unguided Media: 
It is also referred to as Wireless transmission media. No physical medium is
required for the transmission of electromagnetic signals. 

Features:  
 The signal is broadcasted through air
 Less Secure
 Used for larger distances
There are 3 types of Signals transmitted through unguided media: 
(i) Radio waves – 
The sending and receiving antennas need not be aligned.
Frequency Range:3KHz – 1GHz. AM and FM radios and
cordless phones use Radio waves for transmission. 
(ii) Microwaves – 
It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need to
be properly aligned with each other.

2 MARK

1) WRITE ABOUT PROTOCOLS AND STANDARD ?

2) LIST ANY THREE APPLICATION NETWORK?

• IP phones
• Video conference
• Instant messaging
• Parallel computing

3) WRITE TOPOLOGY AND DEFINE(RING, TREE, STAR) ?

Tree Topology :
This topology is the variation of Star topology. This
topology has a hierarchical flow of data.
Ring Topology :
In this topology, it forms a ring connecting devices with
its exactly two neighboring devices.
Star Topology :
In star topology, all the devices are connected to a single
hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all
other nodes are connected to the central node. The hub
can be passive in nature

4) DEFINE PARALLEL TRANSMISSION?

The parallel transmission defines a transmission
structure that shares multiple data bits at a similar time
over separate media.

5) WHAT IS FDDI
FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a network
standard that uses fiber optic connections in a local area
network (LAN) that can extend in range up to 200
kilometers (124 miles). The FDDI protocol is based on the
token ring protocol. A FDDI LAN can support thousands
of users.
6) WRITE SHORT NOTE ON NETWORK?