G2E

Stream Conditions

Stream Name S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12

Phase L L L M M V V V V V V V
Temperature K 103.5 103.6 259.7 184.5 129.4 1136. 1136. 502.6 473.2 498.2 523.2 523.2
Pressure kPa 34.4 101.3 2400 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.3 101.3 313.5 969.7 3000 3000

Stream Name S13 S14 S15 S16 S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24
Phase M V L L M V V L L L M L
Temperature K 453.1 276.9 276.9 460.4 347.6 353.15 270.0 367.1 365.8 409.3 292.4 289.8
Pressure kPa 2991.5 3000 3000 3000 101.325 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 500 497.248
Note: Liquid (L), Mixed (M), Vapor (V)

The desired production rate of DME is 10,800 US tons/year based on the North America market demand and growth. Since
the usage of DME is revolved around the blending in fuel, a 98.5 wt.% is achieved according to ASTM standard in liquid phase (S24) when
sold.

Equipment sizing of each component

1. Pressure changers
Pump Equipment Type Work (kW) Capacity (GPM) Pressure (PSI) C/H Factor (GPM*PSI)
P1 Centrifugal 0.084 8.91 9.71 86.50

Head developed Brake horsepower

Compressors Equipment Type Work (kW) Capacity (GPM)
(m) (kW)
C1 Centrifugal 566.34 48225.6 29678.8 578.703
C2 Centrifugal 566.34 14675.1 28025.9 546.472
C3 Centrifugal 566.34 4994.28 29429.1 573.834
C4 Centrifugal 566.34 4994.28 29429.1 573.834

2. Reactors
a. DRM Fixed Bed Reactor (R1)

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Volumetric Flowrate (m3/hr) 2,773.80
Gas hourly space velocity, GHSV (hr-1) 134.41
Volume of reactor (m3) 20.64
Diameter of reactor (m) 1.87
Length of reactor (m) 7.49
Total weight of catalyst used (kg) 16,590

b. Multi-tubular DME Synthesis Reactor (R2)

Volumetric Flowrate (m3/hr) 3,994
Gas hourly space velocity, GHSV (hr-1) 127.09
Heat transfer surface area (m2) 2,514
Volume of reactor (m3) 31.42
Diameter of reactor (m) 2.15
Length of reactor (m) 8.62
Number of tubes 1,857
Tube diameter (m) 0.05
Tube length (m) 8.62
Total weight of catalyst used (kg) 22,626

3. Separation unit
Total
Distillation Equipment Type Trays Tray Spacing (m) D (m) L (m)
Height (m)
T1 Vertical 5 0.6096 0.547101 3.048 8.44
T2 Vertical 8 0.6096 0.261304 4.8768 10.27
T3 Vertical 23 0.6096 0.222473 14.0208 19.41

4. Heat transfer unit

Condenser (C) and reboiler (R) for separation unit (e.g., CT1 is condenser of distillation T1) Not shown in the figure.
Heat Exchangers Type Equipment Type Duty (kW) U (kW/m2K) UA (kW/K) A (m2)
CT1 Condenser Shell & Tube 1610.27 0.370 23.0198 62.22
RT1 Reboiler Kettle 194.234 0.25 1.75819 7.03
CT2 Condenser Shell & Tube 267.533 0.370 13.4254 36.28
RT2 Reboiler Kettle 10.5408 0.25 0.0687976 0.28
CT3 Condenser Shell & Tube 1.9271 0.370 0.0231537 0.063
RT3 Reboiler Kettle 113.702 0.25 0.572211 2.29

5. Heat exchangers
Fluid Type
Heat Exchangers Utility Type
Hot side Cold side
E1 (Furnace) Fuel oil (combustion) Gas from combustion Light organics
E2 Cooling water Light organics Cooling water
E3 Low pressure steam Low pressure steam Light organics
E4 Cooling water Light organics Cooling water

6. Furnace

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Overall Heat duty, Q (kW) UA (kW/K) ∆Tlm (K) U (kW/m2K) A (m2)
1,428.66 4.67 231.40 0.01 433.18
Radiant Section
999.91 3.03 231.40 0.01 303.22
Convection Section
428.53 1.30 231.40 0.01 129.95

Tube diameter
Pipe schedule Nominal wall thickness (m) Pitch (m) Pipe material
in m
6 0.168 40s 0.00927 0.33366 SS

Pipe length (m) No. of tubes Circumference (m) Diameter(m)

Radiant Section
574.81 31 10.42 3.32
Convection section
246.35 13 4.34 1.39

7. Storage tank
Holdup Tank
Storage No. of Pressure Volumetric
time (days) Vessel volume
Tanks tanks (bar) Flowrate (m3/day)
(m3)/ tank
CO2 30 11 Pressured vertical tanks on concrete 24 10,022.45 30,371
CH4 30 4 Double-walled full containment tank 0.344 24,263.67 808,789
DME 7 1 Pressure vertical tanks on concrete 5.0 12,842.16 99,883.46
Note: fluid inside the tank will not exceed 90% of the total tank capacity.

8. Mass balance

= Mass Out (S14, S19, S22, S24) – Mass In (S1, S3) = [396.24+930.28+30.79+1129.04] – [1445.13+1041.22]

= 2486.35 – 2486.35 = 0 kg/hr (No loss of mass during the process)

Total heat duty

Unit P1 E1 E2 E3 E4 M1 M2 R1 R2
Duty (M*kJ/hr) 0.000301 5.14319 1.25314 0.917338 0.295284 0 0 10.2083 -6.58701

Unit T1 T2 T3 C1 C2 C3 V1 V2 V3
Duty (M*kJ/hr) -3.632808 -0.368984 -0.000912 -2.37336 -1.72135 -1.8164 0 0 0

9. Energy balance

= Energy Out (S14, S19, S22, S24) – Energy In (S1, S3) + Total Duty = [(-3.02) + (-8.21) + (-0.2) + (-5.04)] - [(-11.19) + (-9.62)] + (1.317)

= (-16.47) - (-20.81) + (1.32) = 5.66 M*kJ/hr (Positive energy balance, so more energy still needs to be added to the system)