BORANG GERAN PSA

Kod Rujukan:

POLITEKNIK SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH

JABATAN PENGAJIAN PENGAJIAN POLITEKNIK,
KEMENTERIAN PENGAJIAN TINGGI

SKIM GERAN PSA

(Pindaan 1/2012)

One (1) copy of this form must be submitted to the Research and Innovation Unit, PSA.
[Incomplete Form will be rejected]

A TITLE OF PROPOSED RESEARCH:

Tajuk penyelidikan yang dicadangkan :

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL: A MECHANICAL APPLICATION ON

MEDICAL DEVICES

B DETAILS OF RESEARCHER / MAKLUMAT PENYELIDIK

B(i) Name of Project Leader: IC / Passport Number:

Nama Ketua Projek: No. Kad Pengenalan/ Pasport:

Mohd Shahrom Ismail 841229-14-6427

Position (Please tick ( √ )):

Jawatan (Sila tanda ( √ )):

Head of Department Senior Lecturer Lecturer √ Others

B(iii) Department/Unit (Please provide full address):

Jabatan/Unit (Sila nyatakan alamat penuh):

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal

Politeknik Sultan salahuddin Abdul Azizi shah

B(iv) Office Telephone No.: Handphone No.:

No. Telefon Pejabat: No. Telefon Bimbit:
03-51634000 012-9676112

B(v) E-mail Address:

Alamat e-mel: mohdshahrom@psa.edu.my

B(vi) Date of first appointment with this institution:

Tarikh mula berkhidmat dengan institusi ini: 18/10/2010
B(vii) Type of Service (Please tick ( √ )):
Jenis Perkhidmatan (Sila tanda ( √ )):

Permanent Contract (State contract expiry date):

 Tetap Kontrak (Nyatakan tarikh tamat kontrak): ____________________

C RESEARCH INFORMATION / MAKLUMAT PENYELIDIKAN

Research Area
Bidang penyelidikan Applikasi bahan peralatan perubatan, mekanik kuantum, struktur bahan ringan,
komposit

Duration of this research (Maximum August – December)

C(i) Tempoh masa penyelidikan ini (Maksimum 36 bulan):

Duration: 12 months Tempoh : From : August 2012 To: August 2013

Dari : Hingga

C(ii) Other Researchers:

Ahli-ahli penyelidik yang lain:

Bil Name IC / Passport Academic Signature

Nama Number: Qualification/ Tandatangan
Dept/ / Unit
No. Kad Designation
Jab/Unit
Pengenalan/ Tahap Kelayakan
Pasport: Akademik/Jawatan
Mechanical &
770129-08-6935
1 B.T Hang Tuah manufacturing Phd
Engineering, UPM
2 Shariza Azwin Yahya 760619-10-5298 JKM Sarjana Muda

3 Hartiny Kahar JKM Sarjana Muda

4 Zalaida Talib JKM Sarjana

C(iii) Research contributions that have been completed or ongoing by researchers for the last three years.
Please provide title of research and year.
Sila sediakan maklumat termasuk termasuk tajuk dan tahun dijalankan.

Presentation (State place) Publication (State Year

Title of Research journal/book etc.)
Tajuk penyelidikan

Analytical Model Prediction: Micro-Cutting Renaissance Kuala Lumpur International Conference 2012
Tool Forces with the Effect of Friction on Hotel On applied Mechanics,
Machining Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) Materials and
Manufacturing (ICAMMM)
The Modification Study Of Robot Soccer Politeknik Seberang Perai
Body And Its Effect On Movement National Conference on
robot soccer research
and application
C(iv) Executive Summary of Research Proposal (maximum 300 words)
(Please include the background of research, literature reviews, objectives, research methodology and
expected outcomes from the research project)

Ringkasan Cadangan Eksekutif Penyelidikan (maksima 250 patah perkataan)

(Meliputi latar belakang penyelidikan, kajian literatur, kaedah penyelidikan, objektif dan jangkaan hasil
penyelidikan)

Major advances have been made in the development of polymer matrix composites during the past three
decades. Polymer matrix composites are usually divided into two categories: reinforced plastics and advanced
composites. As in aerospace applications, composites used in medical instruments must meet stringent
standards and exact end-use requirements. Composites increasingly have become a competitive alternative to
the metals and metallic alloys that are traditionally used in medical devices. In order to compete with materials
such as aluminium, stainless steel and titanium, special composites (principally based on carbon fibres) have
been developed for hospital equipment, surgical instruments, orthopaedic products and biocompatible implants.
Moreover, composite parts that withstand repeated sterilization cycles without deterioration of their performance,
aesthetical aspect or geometrical accuracy can be obtained through an appropriate selection of the polymer
matrix and its constituents thus give major advantages on composite application in medical apparatus.

Finite element modelling of a light weight cylinder structure medical apparatus has been designed under
combined axial load and internal pressure. This work is presented by utilised ABAQUS/Explicit software
package. The simulation is conducted to predict the crushing behaviour and mechanical strength from the initial
compression loading to the final failure mode. This proposed model is established to observe the crushing load
and collapse modes under an axial compression impact. Several of laminated plies orientation has been
deliberated in the analysis to acquire the effect of the degrading material properties under the crushing load. The
FEA analysis are examined and validated with several references that applicable in the literatures.

C(v) Detailed proposal of research project:

Cadangan maklumat penyelidikan secara terperinci:

(a) Research background including Hypothesis /Research Questions and Literature Reviews.
Keterangan latar belakang penyelidikan termasuk kenyataan hipotesis / persoalan penyelidikan dan kajian
literatur.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) matrix composites consists of thermoset or thermoplastic resin matrix reinforced
by much stronger and stiffer fibres such as carbon, glass and UHMW Polyethylene fibres. Carbon fibber-
reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are commonly employed in advanced structural applications including the
skin of aerospace fuselage, aircraft wings, stringers, rotor blades and moulded beams. However recently the
increasing use of CFRP composites technology in medical apparatus application has become significant. This
can be reflected to their advantage of high strength-to-weight ratio, high specific modulus and flexible design.
High-performance composites are attractive to the aerospace industry because of their stiffness and strength
coupled with their light weight. Weight savings lead to improved fuel efficiency and allow the construction of
larger aircrafts, capable of transporting more passengers with increased cargo payloads at greater speeds.
Other beneficial features of composites include corrosion and fatigue resistance. Consequently, the aerospace
industry, public institutions and academia have poured substantial R&D resources into this class of materials.
Furthermore recently the composite material have been well characterised, and given the broad spectrum of
polymers and reinforcements that are available, the materials are being used in other industries, and notably in
the medical technology sector.

Typical loading in these structures often involves tensile and lateral bending of the composite laminates, both
transient and fatigue. Several damage and fracture modes observed in CFRP composite panels include matrix
cracking, fibre/matrix interface debonding, fibre fracture, fibre pull-out and interface delamination. Thus, reliability
of a CFRP composite structure under such load conditions depends on the continual process of damage
initiation and subsequent damage propagation to catastrophic fracture. In this respect, development of a unified
predictive approach for reliability assessment of CFRP composites is of prime importance. The unified approach
should account for the various damage and fracture modes in the design phase with the aid of numerical
modelling and validation testing of the composite sample coupons.

1.2 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) matrix composites offer an alternate replacement material to high-strength
metals. In the medical sector, the use of light-weight CFRP composites in has increase significantly in several
medical products such as tabletop, oxygen cylinder etc. The improvement in use of CFRP composites is that this
material contains resistance behaviour to environmental corrosion while this added advantage over their metallic
counterpart. In addition, CFRP composites offer flexibility in design through sequencing of pre-impregnated
laminates for tailored strength and stiffness properties in particular loading direction. The relative low
consolidation or curing temperature further lower the manufacturing cost of the part. The challenge is to consider
the design tradeoffs in choosing the lightest material that still meet the strength requirements of the part while
maintaining the cost effectiveness.

Composites increasingly have become a competitive alternative to the metals and metallic alloys that are
traditionally used in medical devices. In order to compete with materials such as aluminum, stainless steel and
titanium, special composites (principally based on carbon fibers) have been developed for hospital equipment,
surgical instruments, orthopedic products and biocompatible implants. Composites have several advantages
over metals. In particular, composites are lightweight and very resistant and anisotropic (allowing different
properties and functionalities to be obtained in different part areas or directions). Moreover this material are
easily designed as wanted (allowing, for instance, the elastic stiffness of an implant to be tailored to the stiffness
of the bone to which it is attached, so that the bone continues to bear load and does not resorb because of an
absence of mechanical loading) unlikely to cause allergic reactions by the release of metal ions x-ray translucent
(permitting optimal visualization and interpretation of radiographic images) pleasant to the touch (providing a
warm feeling in contact with the skin) and aesthetically appealing. Moreover, composite parts that withstand
repeated sterilization cycles without deterioration of their performance, aesthetical aspect or geometrical
accuracy can be obtained through an appropriate selection of the polymer matrix and its constituents.

The reduced through-life support cost of the composite structures must also be considered. This calls for
evaluation of the materials resistance to quasi-static, impact and fatigue loading along with mechanical damage
evolution. Simple tests of the laminated composite coupons such under tension, compression, shear and flexural
loading are useful to measure intrinsic properties of the composites. Fracture tests on pre-cracked samples are
useful to establish fracture toughness and critical energy release rates of the composites in Mode I and II
loadings. However, specially-designed specimen, jigs and fixtures, and environmental chamber are required to
establish mixed-mode loading effects, mean stress effects on fatigue life and moisture conditioning effects in
accelerated testing.

These include stress-based failure models and strain-based criteria for matrix cracking and fibre fracture. The
progression of each defect under fatigue load cycles dictates the useful life of the part. In this respect, cohesive
zone model has been formulated for predicting ply interface delamination damage initiation and subsequent
propagation under monotonic loading condition. The damage-based model employing virtual crack closure
concept is introduced to account for load reversals in fatigue failure of the laminates. However, the simultaneous
occurrence of multiple failure modes in a composite part under loading could not be represented by any of these
models. To this end a unified approach based on continuum damage mechanics concept is proposed to account
for the synergy effects of multiple failure mechanisms in CFRP composites. Implementation of the newly-
developed damage-based models into finite element codes and availability of vast computing power would yield
a validated platform for addressing airworthiness issues regarding safety and reliability of CFRP composite
airframe structures.
1.2.1 Research Objectives

1. To determine response of oxygen-CFRP composites gas cylinder under axial load and internal pressure.
2. To demonstrate and predict the maximum and critical load and deflection of oxygen-CFRP composites gas
cylinder by using finite element method.

1.3 RESEARCH PROBLEM AND HYPOTHESES

1.3.1 Statement of the Research Problem

How could the oxygen-cylinder composite withstand the multiple loads during working operation and can it
improve the tolerance and reliability of the composite parts in term of safety factor?

1.3.2 Research Questions

1. What are dominant mechanisms in oxygen-CFRP composites gas cylinder under reliability load conditions?
2. What are available material models for deformation and failure of CFRP composite?

Flow Chart and Gantt Chart of Research Activities enclosed in the Appendix.

PROPOSED PROJECT SCHEDULE FOR THE YEAR

2012-2013

MONTH 1- MONTH 5- MONTH 9-

ITEMS 4 8 12
Problem definitions          
Prepare the problem statements            
Indentify the objective and scope of the study            
Research proposal prepared          
Research proposal approve        
           
Literature review          
Medical devices                
Composite cylinder              
Combine loads            
Axial load              
Internal pressure            
Stress analysis              
           
FE models development                        
           
Technical report writing report writing                      
             
             
                         
 Review: literatures Medical devices testing:
CFRP Composite

Data collection of existing (CFRP) ABAQUS/Explicit data input

composite (development of FE model)

Methodology review Run job for numerical analysis

Results from other existing Simulation data output

literatures

Validation process

Investigate cutting condition (load,

deflection, and stress-strain)

Data analysis

Result discussion

Research complete
 (d) Expected Results/Benefit
Jangkaan Hasil Penyelidikan

This project proposes the development of a framework for establishing oxygen-CFRP composites gas cylinder
laminates behaviour under different loading conditions. The benefit of the extended framework is visible in
providing guidelines on interpretation of data for conditions other than those under which they were obtained.
Reliability test data generated through the proposed experimental program is indispensable during both initial
material selection and detailed engineering design stage of CFRP composite structures. The outcome of the
proposed research; a validated methodology for assessing composite response process by comparing to the
other literatures.

Numerical Model Development is aimed at producing a general purpose of reliable model for predicting behavior
and failure (life) of oxygen-CFRP composites gas cylinder laminates under expected loading of the composite
part. The scope covers:

i. Reviewing and updating existing continuum mechanic model for oxygen-CFRP composites gas cylinder
for ply interface orientation.
ii. Extraction of model parameters from results of test data.
iii. Validation of each material model by comparing FE prediction with existed literatures.

Research Publications

2 international conference and 2 publish journal on December 2013

D BUDGET /BELANJAWAN

Please indicate your estimated budget for this research and details of expenditure according to the
guidelines attached.
Sila nyatakan anggaran bajet bagi cadangan penyelidikan ini dan berikan butir – butir perbelanjaan lengkap
dengan berpandukan kepada garis panduan yang dilampirkan.

Budget details Amount requested by applicant Amount approved by Panel

 Butiran belanjawan Jumlah yang dipohon Jumlah yang diluluskan oleh Panel
oleh pemohon

Bulan Bulan Bulan Total

Jumlah
(RM) (RM) (RM) (RM)

D(i) Travelling and

Transportation/
Perjalanan dan
Pengangkutan
.
1. Conferences 900 1600 2500
(International &
Local Conference
Fees)
2. Travelling budget 2000 2000

D(ii) Research Materials &

Supplies
Bekalan dan Bahan
Penyelidikan

Please specify
Sila nyatakan secara
lengkap dengan
pecahannya sekali.

 A4 Paper RM 10
x 5 reams x 2
persons

Budget details Amount requested by applicant Amount approved

Butiran belanjawan Jumlah yang dipohon Jumlah yang diluluskan
oleh pemohon

Bulan Bulan Bulan Total

Jumlah
(RM) (RM) (RM) (RM)

TOTAL AMOUNT 900 1800 4500

JUMLAH BESAR
 E Declaration by applicant / Akuan Pemohon
(Please tick ( √ )): / (Sila tanda ( √ )):

I hereby confess that:

Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa:

√ 1. All information stated here are accurate, PSA has right to reject or to cancel the offer without
prior notice if there is any inaccurate information given.
Semua maklumat yang diisi adalah benar, PSA berhak menolak permohonan atau membatalkan
tawaran pada bila-bila masa sekiranya keterangan yang dikemukakan adalah tidak benar.

Date : Applicant’s Signature :

Tarikh : Tandatangan Pemohon : ___________________________

G Recommended by PSA Grant Committee lSokongan JK Geran PSA

Recommended:
Diperakukan:

B. Recommended Not Recommended (Please specify reason)

Disokong Tidak Disokong (Sila Nyatakan Sebab)

Comments:
Ulasan:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-

Name: Signature:
Nama: Tandatangan:

Date:
Tarikh:

Note: APPLICATIONS SUBMITTED WILL BE TREATED IN FULL CONFIDENCE. THE DECISION OF THE PSA GRANT
SCHEME MAIN COMMITTEE IS FINAL.
Semua permohonan dianggap sulit. Keputusan Jawatankuasa Induk Skim Geran PSA adalah MUKTAMAD.