AERODYNAMICS OF

AUTOMOTIVES

RAYYAN CM
AISWARYA SHAJI
SREESANGEETHAM
INTRODUCTION

Automotive aerodynamics is a study of the

aerodynamics of road vehicles. Its main goals
are reducing drag and wind noise , minimizing
noise emission and preventing undesired lift
forces and other causes of aerodynamic
instability at high speeds .Aerodynamic forces
make its major impact on vehicles by
interacting and causing drag ,lift, weight, and
thrust which significantly affect the fuel
consumption of a vehicle. Due to drag, the
vehicle offered near about60% of total
resistance .
Thus drag coefficient is an important
parameter in vehicle design . The main
purpose of our work is to reduce drag
coefficient , increase performance, stability
and analysis of pressure distribution ,
moment , forces ,thrust etc.....We will study
about this by comparing the aerodynamic
properties of three different types of
vehicles on CFD. A good agreement between
computation and experimental results
suggest the reliability of this project and
scope for further analysis of automobile.
DEVICES EFFCTS THE AERODYNAMICS
OF CARS
 FRONTAL FINS
F1 CARS HAVING VELOCITY 0.3 MACH
which induces expansion phenomenon by
joule kelvin effect (THROTTING) decrese in
tempature which makes cold air passing
around tyres.
Ie, properties of synthetic rubber unchanged
results maximum friction between tyre and
asphault
AERODYNAMIC FORCES

 DRAG
RESISTANCE OFERED BY WIND IN THE DIRECTION OF THE VEHICLE MOVEMENT

 DOWNFORCES
AERODYNAMIC FORCE ACTING VERTICAL DIRECTION

Image source google images

Credits to respective owner

DRAG

 Drag
Resistance offerd by geometry of the automobile.
D=0.5pV^2 SCd
Drag increase with respect to drag coefficient.
Drag coefficient depend on frontal area and its geometry.

where,
D=Drag
p=Density
S=Area
Cd=coefficient of drag
DRAG
DOWN FORCE (NEGATIVE LIFT)

NEGATIVE LIFT CREATED DUE TO DIFFERENCE IN PRESSURE ACTING ON BOTTOM AND TOP SURFACE

F= 0.5pv^2sCf (SYMMETRIC)
(NEGATIVE LIFT CREATED DUE NEAGATIVE ANGLE OF ATTACK)
Cf –geometry&a.o.a
DEGREES OF FREEDOM IN CARS
AERODYNAMIC EFFECTS

PERFOMANCE
STABILITY
NOISE
DUST ACCUMULATION
PERFORMANCE

 FUEL EFFICIENCY
It should cover maximum distance with the unit mass fuel
Effiency =distance covered /unit fuel (density*mass)
Ie, reducing fuel consumption by changein aerodynamic factors

 AERODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY
To increase the performance geometry and structure should be in the form of
aerodynamic shape
Ie,by reducing drag coefficient results the unit velocity vector
STREAMLINED ATTACHED FLOW
red indicates more dynamic pressure green less pressure(colour coded) cfd image
STABILITY

 Tendency to regain its original state after initial disturbance is known as

positive stability
 High velocity gradient results twisting moments and rolling moments
Which results unstable condition
 This can be resolved by increasing downward forces which counteracts these
dynamic moments
 Thus ensures more stable

(higher velocity creates more differential

pressure on surfaces this leads to moments
in vertical axis and horizontal axis)
DOWN FORCE (NEGATIVE LIFT)

NEGATIVE LIFT CREATED DUE TO DIFFERENCE IN PRESSURE ACTING ON

BOTTOM AND TOP SURFACE

F= 0.5pv^2sCf (SYMMETRIC)
(NEGATIVE LIFT CREATED DUE NEAGATIVE ANGLE OF ATTACK)
Cf –geometry&a.o.a
DOWNFORCE

 DOWNFORCE GENERATED ON NEGATIVE

AEROFOIL WHICH CREATES MORE
NEGATIVE LIFT
 SHEAR FORCE ACTING ALONG THE
RELATIVE WIND MAKES MORE PRESSURE
ON UPPER SUFACE
 BY BERNAULIS PRICIPLE WHICH RESULTS
DOWNWARD LIFT COMPONENT
CODITION FOR STABILITY

 BANKED – BY THE APPLICATION OF SPLIT AEROFOIL THUS STABILITY REGAINS

 CRUSING- PLAIN SPOLIER STRUCTURE CREATES MORE DOWNFORCE AT THE

REAR END

 CURVED TURNING –WITH THE HELP FINS ATTACHED ON NOSE WHEEL AND
SPOILER ATTACHED AT THE REAR END CREATES MAXIMUM STABILITY WHILE
TURNING.
AERODYNAMIC NOICE

 VORTEX GENERATION RESULTS NOICE GENERATION

 VORTEX STRENGTH INCREASES WITH RESPECT TO VELOCITY
 FORMATION OF WAKES RESULTS VORTEX
 THIS LEADS ENTROPY CHANGE
 ENSURE THAT STREAMLINED FLOW AROUND GEOMETRY
 USE SOUND ABSORBING MATERIALS OR COMPOSITES
VORTEX STRENGTH FREE STREAM

 ACCORDING CONSEVATION ENERGY

“WIND ENEGY TRANSFORMED INTO KINETIC

ENEGY AND CHANGD INTO SOUND ENERGY AND
FRICTIONAL ENERGY”

 THUS SOUND ENERGY CREATES DISTURBANCE

AND HIGH SPEED OPERATIONAL LIMITS
DUST ACCUMULATION

 FORMATION OF VORTEX AND WAKES CREATES VACUMED AREA THIS ENHANCES

LOW DENSITY PARTICLES FLOW AROUND IT
 THUS LOW DENSITY PARTICLES ACCUMULATED REAR WIND SHIELDS
 THUS MAKES MORE DUST ACCMULATION
 ENSURES THAT FLOW LEAVING THE REAR END LINEAR
 THUS REDUCES THE FORMATION OF DUST
 MAKES REAR ENDED MORE CURVED WITH RESPECT TO AERODYNAMIC FACTOR
AND GEOMETRY
SUFACE CONTAMONATION OF
AUTOMOTIVES
CONCLUSION
 THE AUTOMOTIVE AERODYNAMIC ASSOCIATED WITH SHAPE
FACTOR GEOMETRY
 STRUCTURE MAKE AERODYNNAMIC FACTORS AND
PERFORMANCE
 Ie,WHICH CREATES DIFFRENTIAL PRESURE DISTRIBUTION ON
THE SURFCAE OF THE BODY
 PRESURE DISTRIBUTION MAKES THE LINEAR PERFOMANCE
 SHAPING CARS OR AUTOMOBILES INTO AERODYNAMIC SHAPE
MAKES BETTER STABILTY, PERFOMANCE
STREAM LINED FLOW
DRAG COEFFIENT--CD
 DRAG COEEFIENT CD RELATES WITH THE
AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE

 CD MAINLY RELATES WITH

 1) FRONTAL AREA – LESS FRONTAL AREA CREATES

LOW DRAG COEFFIENT
 2)PRESURE DISTRIBION – PROPER PRESURE
DISTRIBUTION MAKES STATIC AND DYNAMIC
PERFORMANCE ASSOCIATED WITH IT
RESULTS

 STREAMLINEDATTACHED AIRFLOW
AROUND ANY AUTOMOBILE GEOMTRY
MAKES AERODYNAMIC PERFOMANCE
IMPROVED
(STABILTY, PERFOMANCE(LINEAR),NOICES AND DYNAMIC AND STATIC CONDITIONS
THANK YOU!!!
rayyancm99@gmail.com