Force & Laws Of Motion Numericals 

Question 1
How much net force is required to accelerate a 1000 kg car at 4.00 m/s2?
Solution
F=maF=ma
Given a=4.00 m/s2
m=1000kg
Therefore , F=ma=1000×4=4000F=ma=1000×4=4000 N
Question 2
If you apply a net force of 3 N on .1 kg-box, what is the acceleration of the box
(a) 2 m/s2
(b) 30 m/s2
(c) 10 m/s2
(d) None of these.
Solution
Given F=3 N
m=.1 kg
F=maF=ma
or
a=Fm=30a=Fm=30 m/s2

Question 3
A body of mass 1 kg undergoes a change of velocity of 4m/s in 4s what is the force acting on it?
Solution
Given Δv=4m/sΔv=4m/s ,t=4 s ,m=1kg
Acceleration is given by a=Δvta=Δvt
a=1 m/s2
Now force is given by
F=maF=ma
F=1 N

Question 4.
A particle of 10 kg is moving in a constant acceleration 2m/s2 starting from rest. What is its momentum and velocity
per the table given below
S.No time Momentum Velocity
1 1sec
2 1.5 sec
3 2 sec
4 2.5 sec

Solution
Velocity can find using
v=u+atv=u+at
For u=0
v=atv=at
Momentum
P=mvP=mv
S.No time Momentum Velocity
1 1sec 20 Kg m/s 2 m/s
2 1.5 sec 30 kg m/s 3 m/s
3 2 sec 40 kg m/s 4 m/s
4 2.5 sec 50 kg m/s 5 m/s

Question 5
If a net force of 7 N was constantly applied on 400 g object at rest, how long will it take to raise its velocity to 80 m/s?
a. 0 s
b. 2.23 s
c. 3.47 s
d. 4.57 s
Solution
Given F=7 N,m=400g= .4 kg Acceleration is given by a=Fma=Fm
a=17.5 m/s2
Now u=0,v=80 m/s v=u+atv=u+at
t=v−uat=v−ua
t=4.57 sec
Question 6
A sedan car of mass 200kg is moving with a certain velocity . It is brought to rest by the application of brakes, within
a distance of 20m when the average resistance being offered to it is 500N.What was the velocity of the motor car?
Solution
F=maF=ma
or
a=Fma=Fm
or
a= -500/200=-2.5 m/s2
Now

v2=u2+2asv2=u2+2as
Now v=0,s=20 m,a=-2.5 m/s2
So, u=10 m/s

Question 7
A driver accelerates his car first at the rate of 4 m/s2 and then at the rate of 8 m/s2 .Calculate the ratio of the forces
exerted by the engines?
Solution
F1=ma1F1=ma1
and
F2=ma2F2=ma2
So,Ratio of force exerted is given by
=F1F2=ma1ma2=a1a2=1:2=F1F2=ma1ma2=a1a2=1:2

Question 8
An object of mass 10 g is sliding with a constant velocity of 2 m/ s on a frictionless horizontal table. The force
required to keep the object moving with the same velocity is
(a) 0 N
(b) 5 N
(c) 10 N
(d)20 N
Solution
As m=0, F=0
Hence (a) is correct
Question 9
A cricket ball of mass 0.20 kg is moving with a velocity of 1.2m/s . Find the impulse on the ball and average force
applied by the player if he is able to stop the ball in 0.10s?
Solution
Impulse= Change in momentum
I=Δp=mΔv=.20×1.2=.12I=Δp=mΔv=.20×1.2=.12 Kgm/s
Now
Impulse is also defined as
I=F×tI=F×t
or
F×t=.12F×t=.12
or
F=.12.10=1.2F=.12.10=1.2 N

Question 10
A car start from rest and acquire a velocity of 54 km/h in 2 sec. Find
(i) the acceleration
(ii) distance travelled by car assume motion of car is uniform
(iii) If the mass of the car is 1000 Kg,what is the force acting on it?
Solution
Given u=0 ,v= 54 km/hr= 15 m/s , t=2 sec a. Acceleration is given by
a=Δvta=Δvt
So, a=7.5 m/s2

b. Distance is given by
s=ut+12at2s=ut+12at2
s= 15 m

c. Force is given by F=ma=1000×7.5=7500F=ma=1000×7.5=7500 N

Question 11
A hockey ball of mass .2 Kg travelling at 10 ms-1 is struck by a hockey stick so as to return it along its original path
with a velocity at 2 m/s . Calculate the change of momentum occurred in the motion of the hockey ball by the force
applied by the hockey stick.
Solution
ΔP=m×(v−u)=0.2×(−2−10)=−2.4ΔP=m×(v−u)=0.2×(−2−10)=−2.4 kg ms-1
(The negative sign indicates a change in direction of hockey ball after it is struck by hockey stick. )

Question 12
Two objects of masses of 100 gm and 200 gm are moving in along the same line and direction with velocities of 2 ms -
1
 and 1 ms-1 respectively. They collide and after collision, the first object moves at a velocity of 1.67 ms-1. Determine
the velocity of the second object?
Solution
Given m1=100gm=0.1kgm1=100gm=0.1kg, m2=200gm=0.2kgm2=200gm=0.2kg
u1=2u1=2 ms-1, u2=1u2=1 ms-1, v1=1.67v1=1.67 ms-1, v2=?v2=?
By the law of conservation of momentum,
m1u1+m2u2=m1v2+m2v2m1u1+m2u2=m1v2+m2v2
0.1×2+0.2×1=0.1×1.67+0.2v20.1×2+0.2×1=0.1×1.67+0.2v2
v2=1.165v2=1.165 ms-1
It will move in the same direction after collision
Question 13
Anand leaves his house at 8.30 a.m. for his school. The school is 2 km away and classes start at 9.00 a.m. If he
walks at a speed of 3 km/h for the first kilometre, at what speed should he walk the second kilometre to reach just in
time?

Question 14
An object of mass 1kg acquires a speed of 10 m/s when pushed forward. What is the impulse given to the object?
Solution
Impulse=Change in Momentum= 10 Kgm/s

Question 15
A bullet of mass 10 gm is fired with an initial velocity of 20 m/s from a rifle of mass 4 kg. Calculate the initial recoil
velocity of the rifle?
Solution
Let v be the initial recoil velocity of the rifle From law of conservation of Momentum
0=.01×20+4×v0=.01×20+4×v
Or v=−.05m/sv=−.05m/s

Question 16
Velocity versus time graph of a ball of mass 100 g rolling on a concrete floor is shown below. Calculate the
acceleration and the frictional force of the floor on the ball?

Solution
From the graph ,we can see that
Δv=−80m/sΔv=−80m/s, t=8 sec
Now
a=Δvt=−10m/s2a=Δvt=−10m/s2
Frictional force will be given as
F=ma=.1×−10=−1NF=ma=.1×−10=−1N

Question 17
Which would require a greater force �� accelerating a 2 kg mass at 5 m/s2 or a 6 kg mass at 2 m/s2?
Solution
we have F=maF=ma.
Here we have m1=2m1=2 kg and a1=5m/s2a1=5m/s2
and m2=6m2=6 kg and a2=2m/s2a2=2m/s2 .
So,
F1=m1a1=2×5=10NF1=m1a1=2×5=10N
F2=m2a2=6×2=8NF2=m2a2=6×2=8N.
Here F1<F2F1<F2
Thus, accelerating a 6 kg mass at 2 m/s2 would require a greater force

Question 17
An object of mass 2 kg is sliding with a constant velocity of 8 m/s on a frictionless horizontal table. The force required
to keep the object moving with the same velocity is
(a) 16 N
(b) 8 N
(c) 2 N
(d) 0 N
Solution
(d) as there is no friction force

Numericals on Gravitation
Question 1.
The mass of the Sun is 2 x 1030 kg and that of the Earth is 6 x 1024 kg. If the average distance between the Sun and
the Earth is 1.5 x 1011 m, calculate the force exerted by the Sun on the Earth and also by Earth on the Sun.
Answer:
Given,
Mass of the Sun, M = 2 x 1030 kg
Mass of the Earth, m = 6 x 1024 kg
Distance between the Sun and the Earth,
r = 1.5 x 1011 m
Gravitational force between two masses is given by,
F = GMm/r2

∴ F = 3.6 x 1022N
Question 2.
A planet x has a mass 2 times and radius 3 times that of the Earth. What is the acceleration due to gravity on the
planet, if the acceleration due to gravity on the Earth is 10 m/s2.
Answer:
Given, Mass of planet, Mp = 2 Me
Radius of planet,
Acceleration due to gravity of Earth,ge = GMeR2e ………(i)
Acceleration due to gravity of planet,gp = GMpr2p=G×2Me(3Re)2
or, gp = 2GMe9R2e
∴ gp = 29 ge
∴ gp = 2.22 m/s2
Question 3.
Calculate the weight of an astronaut of mass 66 kg on the surface of the Earth and on the surface of the moon. The
acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon is 16th times the acceleration duc to gravity at the surface of
the Earth.
Answer:
Given.
Mass of astronaut, m = 66 kg
Weight of astronaut on Earth, we = mge = 66 x 9.8
we = 646.8 N
Weight of astronaut on moon, Wm = mgm = mge6=66×9.86
∴ Wm = 107.8 N
Question 4.
Which will exert more pressure 100 kg mass on an area of 10m2 or 50kg mass on an area of 4 m2? (Take g = 10
m/s2)
Answer:
Given, m1 = 100 kg
m2 =50 kg
A1 = 10 m2
A2 = 4 m2
F1 = m1 g = 1000N
F2 = m2g = 500 N
P1 = F1/A1 = 1000N10m2 = 100 pa
P2 = F2/A2= 5004m2 = 125 pa
50 kg mass on 4 m2 exerts more pressure.
Question 5.
The relative density of silver is 10.8. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3. What Is the density of silver in SI unit?
Answer:
Given, Relative density of silver = 10.8
The density of water 1000 kg/m3

∴ Density of silver = 10.8 x 103 kg/ms3

Gravitation Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2
Question 1.
State following laws or principles
(a) Newton’s law of gravitation
(b) Pascal’s law
(c) Archimede’s principle
Answer:
Newton’s law of gravitation: Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force, which is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of distance between the two
masses.
Pascal’s law: In an enclosed fluid, if pressure is changed in any part of the fluid, then this change in pressure is
transmitted undiminished to all the other parts of the fluid.
Archimede’s principle: When a body is immersed fully or partially in a fluid, it experiences an upward force that is
equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.
Question 2.
Calculate the average density of the Earth in terms of g, G, and R.
Answer:
Acceleration due to gravity at the surface of the Earth is given by, g = GMr2
If the Earth is considered to be a perfect sphere, mass of Earth, M = dυ = d x 43πr3
Putting value of mass in above formula g.
g = G×d×43πr3r2
or, g = 43 πd GR
∴ d = 3g4tGR
Here, d = average density of the Earth
g = acceleration due to gravity
G = universal gravitational constant.
Question 3.
Derive an expression for the acceleration due to gravity.
Answer:
The gravitational force between the body of mass ‘m’ and Earth can be represented as
F = F=GMmr2 ……….(1)
Force of gravity on the body can be expressed as
F = mg ………. (2)
From (1) and (2),
g=GMr2
Question 4.
Why does an object float or sink when placed on the surface of the water?
Answer:
When an object is placed on the surface of the water, two forces act on the object.
 The gravitational force in the downward direction.
 Upthrust or buoyant force in the upward direction.
When the gravitational force is greater than the upthrust or buoyant force on the object, the object sinks in water. if
the upthrust or buoyant force is greater than or equal to the gravitational force, then the object floats.
Or
if the average density of the object is greater than the density of water, the object sinks. If the average density of the
object is less than or equal to the density of water, the object floats.
Question 5.
Write any three applications of Archimede’s principle.
Answer:
Applications of Archimede’s principle –
 To design ships and submarines.
 To design lactometers to test the purity of milk.
 To design hydrometers to find the density of liquids.
Gravitation Class 9 Extra Questions Numericals
Question 1.
A cube of side 20 cm have a mass of 16 kg. Find its relative density.
Answer:
Given,
Side of cube, a = 20 cm = 0.2 m
Mass of cube, m = 16 kg

Question 2.
An object of mass 50 g has a volume of 10 cm3. Will the object float or sink in water? Give reason.
Answer:
Given, Mass of an object, m = 50 g
The volume of object., u = 10 cm3

= 5 g/cm3
Here, the density of the object is greater than the density of water (1 g/cm3), hence the object will sink.
Question 3.
A piece of copper of mass 106 g is dipped in a measuring cylinder containing water at 22 mL mark. The water rises
to 34 mL mark.
Find (a) the volume of the copper piece (b) the density of copper.
Answer:
(a) Volume of copper piece, υ = 34 mL – 22 mL
υ = 12 mL = 12 cm3
(b) Density of copper:

Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Numericals

Question 7.
If an electric iron of 1200 W is used for 30 minutes every day, find electric energy consumed in the month of April.
Answer:
Given,
Power, P = 1200 W
time, t = 30 minutes
Power, p = Wt = Et
E=Pxt
Energy consumed, E = 1200 x 30 x 60
= 2.16 x 106J = 2.16MJ
Question 8.
What is work done by a force of gravity in the following cases?
(a) Satellite moving around the Earth in a circular orbit of radius 35000 km.
(b) A stone of mass 250 g is thrown up through a height of 2.5 m.
Answer:
(a) Zero
(b) Given,
mass (m) = 250 g = 0.25 kg
height (h) = 2.5 m
Workdone, W = Fs = mgh
= 0.25 x 10 x 2.5
= 6.25 J
W = 625 J
Question 9.
A car and a truck have kinetic energies of 8 x 10 J and 9 x 10 J respectively. If they are brought to a halt at the same
distance, find the ratio of the force applied to both the vehicles.
Answer:
Given,
Kinetic energy of car, 12 = 8 x 10 J
Kinetic energy of truck, 12 = 9 x 10 J
W = Fs
Work done,

Question 10.
A bus of mass 10,000 kg is moving with a velocity 90 km/h. Calculate the work done to stop this bus.
Answer:
Given,
mass of object, m = 1000 kg
Initial velocity of object, u = 90 km/h

= 25 m/s
Work done = 12 mυ2 – 12 mu2 = 0 – 12 x 10000 x (25)2 = 312.5 x 104 J
Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Short Answer Type 2
Question 1.
The velocity of a body moving in a straight line is inereásed by applying constant force F, for some distance in the
direction of motion. Prove that the increase ¡n the kinetic energy of the body is equal to the work done by the force on
the body.
Answer:
Let us consider an object lying on a frictionless surface having mass ‘m’.

   

 
A force of constant magnitude ‘F’ is acting on the body. Here initial velocity of the body is u and the final velocity is u.
As there is no dissipative forces, work on the body will be stored in the form of a change in kinetic energy. It can be
proved as
W = Fs …………(1)
and hence from the equation of motion
υ2 – u2 = 2as
s = v2−u22a ………….(2)
Asweknowthat F = ma
Using (1), (2) and (3),
W = ma x v2−u22a
= 12 m (υ2 – u2)
= 12mυ2 – 12mu2
= change in kinetic energy
Question 2.
Derive an expression for potential energy. Write Its SI unit.
Answer:
When work is done on the body, the work is stored in the form of energy. Consider an object of mass, m. Let it be
raised through a height, h from the ground. A force is required to do this. The minimum force required to raise the
object is equal to the weight of the object, mg. The object gains energy equal to the work done on it. Let the work
done on the object against gravity h be W.
i.e., W = force x displacement = mgh

Since work done on the object is equal to mgh, an energy equal to mgh units is gained by the object. This is the
potential energy (Ep) of the object.
∴ Ep = mgh
SI unit of potential energy is the joule (J).
Work, Power And Energy Class 9 Extra Questions Numericals
Question 3.
A girl having a mass of 35 kg sits on a trolley of mass 5 kg. The trolley is given an initial velocity of 4 ms1 by applying
a force. The trolley comes to rest after traversing a distance of 16 m.
(a) How much work is done on the trolley?
(b) How much work is done by the girl?
Answer:
Given, mass of girl, m = 35 kg
mass of trolley, m = 5 kg.
initial velocity of trolley, u = 4 m/s
(a) using work done = change in kinetic energy
W = EKf−EKi
= o – 12 x 40 x (4)2 = – 320
∴ W = 320 J_J
(b) Work done by the girl = 0.
Question 4.
Express kilowatt in terms of joule per second. A 150 kg car engine develops 500 W for each kg. What forces does it
exert in moving the car at a speed of 20 ms-1?
Answer:
1 kW = iooo w = 103 J/S
Given, mass (m) = 150 kg
power (P) = 500 W
velocity (u) = 20 m/s
Using P = Fυ
or, 500 = F x 20
= F =50020 = 25
F= 25 N
Question 5.
How is the power related to the speed at which a body can be lifted? How many kilogrims will a man working at the
power of 100 W, be able to lift at constant speed of 1 mr1 vertically? (g = 10 ms-2)
Answer:
We know that,

or, p = F.st P = Fυ = mg.υ [F = mg]

where, F = force
s = displacement
υ = velocity
t = time
Given,
power (P) = 100 W
velocity (υ) = 1 m/s
g = 10 m/s2
or, 100 = m x 10 x 1
∴ m = 10 kg
Question 6.
A car of mass 2000 kg is lifted up a distance of 30 m by a crane in 1 minute. A second crane does the same job in 2
minutes. What is the power applied by each crane?
Answer:
Given, mass of the car to be lifted, m = 2000 kg
height through which the car is to be lifted, h = 30 m
Time taken by first crane, t1 = 1 minute = 60 s
time taken by second crane, t1 = 2 minutes = 120 s
Amount of work done by each crane,
W = mgh = 2000 x 10 x 30 J
W= 6 x 106 J
Power of first crane, ‘
P1 = W1t1=6×105J60s = 10kW
Power of second crane
P2 = W2t2=6×105J120s = 10kW
Question 7.
Calculate the electricity bill amount for a month of June, if 6 bulbs of 100 W for5 hours, 4 tube lights of 60 W for 5
hours, a TV of 50 W for 6 hours are used per day. The cost per unit is ₹ 5.
Answer:
Total energy used in a day = (6 x 100 x 5 + 4 x 60 x 5 + 1 x 50 x 6) Wh
= (3000+ 1200 +300)Wh = 4500 Wh
Total energy = 4.5 kWh = 4.5 unit
Total energy used in 30 days = 4.5 x 30 = 135 units
Bill amount = 135 units x ₹ 5 unit = ₹ 675.

1. A force of 10N causes a displacement or 2m in a body in its own direction. Calculate the work done by force. 20j
Solution: the work done by force = F x S = 10 N x 2m = 20 J
2. How much force is applied on the body when 150 joule of work is done in displacing the body through a distance of 10m in
the direction of force?(15 N)
Solution: W = F x S=  F = w/s = 150/10 = 15 N
3. A body of 5kg raised to 2m find the work done(98j)
Solution: T he work done to raise a body = PE = mgh = 5kg x 9.8 x 2 = 98 joule
4. A work of 4900j is done on road of mass 50 kg to lift it to a certain height. Calculate the height through which the load is
lifted. (10m)
Solution: work done on road to lift = mgh= 4900 = 50 x 9.8 h= h = 10m
5. An engine work 54,000J work by exerting a force of 6000N on it. What is the displacement of the force . (9m)
Solution: S = W/F = 54,000J/6000N = 9m
6. A force of 10N acting on a body at an angle of 60 deg. with the horizontal direction displaces the body through a distance of
2m along the surface of a floor. Calculate the work done.
Now let the force or pulling act on the body makes an angle of 30 deg. with the horizontal. What is the value of the force to
displace the body through 2m along the surface of the floor? (Cos 60 =1/2. and Cos 30 = √3/2) [ ans. 10 J, 10√3 N]
Solution: w = F S cos Q = 10 x 2 x Cos 60 = 20 x ½ = 10 N
w = F S cos Q = 10 x 2 x Cos 30 = 20 x √3/2 = 10√3 N
7. A force of 5N acting on body at angle of 30 deg. with the horizontal direction displace it horizontally through of distance of 6
m . Calculate the work done. (15√3 J)
Solution: w = F S cos Q = 5 x 6 x √3/2 = 15√3 J
8. A body of mass 2kg is moving with a speed of 20m/s Find the kinetic energy. (400J)
Solution: KE = 0.5 mv^2 = 0.5 x 2 x 20 x 20 = 400 J
9. A moving body of 30kg has 60 J of KE. Calculate the speed.
Solution: KE = 0.5 mv^2 = 60 = 0.5 x 30 x v^2
= 60 = 15 v^2= 60/15= V = 2m/s
10. A hammer of mass 1kg falls freely from a height of 2 m .Calculate (I) The velocity and (II) The KE. of the hammer just before
it touches the ground. Does the velocity of hammer depend on the mass of hammer? (6.29m-2 , 19.6 J )
Solution: PE = mgh = 1 x 9.8 x 2 = 19.6 j
PE = KE = 0.5 mv^2= 19.6 = 0.5 x 1 xv^2= 39.6 = v^2= v = 6.29 m/s
No, velocity of hammer does not depend on the mass of the mass of the hammer as v = u + at
11. Calculate the energy posses by a stone of mass 10kg kept at a height of 5m If 196 x10^2 J of energy were used to raise a
40kg boy above the ground, how high would he be raised? (50m)
Solution: The energy posses by a stone of mass 10kg kept at a height of 5m = PE
PE = mgh = 10 x 5 x 9.8 = 490 j
PE = mgh  => 196 x10^2 J = 40 x 9.8 x h => h =  50m
12. Calculate the change that should be affected in the velocity of a body to maintain the same KE , if mass of the body is
increased to 4 times (half the original velocity)
Solution: New kE/Original KE = [½ x 4m x V^2]/[ ½ x m x v^2]
¼ = (V/v)^2  =   ½ = (V/v)= V = v/2
New velocity will be half the original velocity
13. A machine does 192 J of work in 24 Sec. What is the power of the machine? (8w)
Solution: p = w/t = 192 J / 24Sec = 8w
14. A weighting 50kg runs up a hill rising himself vertically 10m in 20Sec. Calculate power. given g = 9.8m-1 (245w)
Solution: p = w/t = mgh/t = (50 x 9.8 x 10) /20 = 245 w
15. A rickshaw puller pulls the rickshaw by applying a force of 100 N. If the rickaw moves with constant velocity of 36 kmh-1.
Find the power of rickshaw puller. (1000w)
Solution: Force = 100 N
Velocity = 36 k m / h = 36 × 5 /18 = 10 m / s
Power = Force x Velocity Power = 100 × 10
Power = 1000 Watt
Therefore power of rickshaw puller = 1000 Watt
16. A athlete weighing 60kg runs up a staircase having 10 steps each of 1m in 30 sec. Calculate power (g = 9.8ms-1 ) (ans:
200W)
Solution: h = 10 x 1m = 10m
Work done = potential energy = mgh = 60 x 9.8 x 10 = 5880 J
Power = w/t = 5880/30 = 196w
17. The heart does 1.5 J of work in each heartbeat. How many times per minute does it beat if its power is 2watt? (80 times)
Solution: Total work = p x t =120 J ,
Number times heartbeat in 1 min. = total work done / work done in each beat
                                                       = 120/1.5 = 80 times
18. Calculate the time taken 60 w bulb to consume 3000 J of energy . (50sec. )
Solution: Power = 60 W and Energy consumed = 3000 J
We know that Power=Energy/Time Taken
Time Taken = Energy Consumed/Power = 3000/60 = 50 sec.
19. A horse exert a force of 200N to pull the cart. If the horse cart system moves with velocity 36kmh-1 on the level road., then
find the power of horse in term of horse power (1hp=746W) 
Solution: velocity = 36kmh-1 = 10m/s
w = f x s = 2000 x 10 = 2000j
P = w/t = 2000j/1sec = 2000 w
746W = 1hp 
So, 2000 w = 2000/746 = 2.68 h.p 
20. An electric kettle of 500W is used to heat water everyday for 2 hours . Calculate the number of unit of electrical energy
consumed y it in 10 days.
Solution: E = Pt = 500 w x 10 x 2h = 10000wh = 10kwh = 10 unit
21. Calculate the cost of using a 2kwh immersion rod for heating water in a house for one hour each day for 60 days if the rate
is Rs. 1.50 per unit kWh. (Rs. 180)
Solution: E = Pt = 2 kw x 60 x 1h = 120kwh = 120 unit
The cost of using a 2kwh immersion rod for heating water = 120 x 1.5 = Rs. 180
22. In an experiment to measure his power, a student records the time taken by him in running up a flight of steps on a
staircase.
Use the following data to calculate the power of the student :
Number of steps = 28 ; Height of each step = 20 cm ; Time taken = 5.4 s.
Mass of student = 55 Kg ; Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m s−2
Solution. Power =w/t = mgh/t=55×9.8×(28×0.20) / 5.4 = 559J
23. A bullet of mass 15 g has a speed of 400 m/s. What is its kinetic energy ? The bullet strikes a thick target and is brought to
rest in 2 cm, calculate the average net force acting on the bullet. What happens to kinetic energy originally in the bullet?
Solution. K.E = ½ mv^2 = 0.5 × 0.015 kg × (400 x 400) = 1200 J.
Work done = Change in K.E.
As final velocity = 0. Because change in KE = Kf−Ki = 1200 J
Therefore, F × d = 1200. (where F is the average force)
F=1200 / 2 ×10^−2 = 6×10^4N.
The kinetic energy is eventually converted to heat energy.
24. The power of a heart which beats 72 times in a minute is 1.2kW. Calculate the work done by heart for each beat. ( 1kJ)
Solution: P = 1200W and T = 60s
W = P x T = 1200 x 60 = 72000J
In 72 times heart beats 72000j energy used
In 1 time = 72000/72 = 1000J
Work done by the heart in every beat is 1KJ
25. Whenn loading a truck, a man lifts boxes of 100 N each through a height of 1.5 m.
(a) How much work does he do in lifting one box ?
(b) How much energy is transferred when one box is lifted ?
(c) If the man lifts 4 boxes per minute, at what power is he working ? (g = 10 m s−2)
Solution. (a) Work done in lifting one box = F × d = 100 × 1.5 = 150 J.
(b) W = E = 150 J.
(c) Power = Work done / Time = (150×4)/ 60=10W