EVIDENCE SECTION 3: WHEN HEARING

NECESSARY
EVIDENCE – the means, sanctioned by these
Rules, of ascertaining in a judicial proceeding
the truth respecting a matter of fact. (Section 1)
***same in all courts and in all trials and
hearings, except as otherwise provided by law
or the Rules
ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE
-relevant to the issue; and
-not excluded by the Constitution, Law or these
Rules
 Pre-Trial/Trial – motu proprio or upon
motion; on the propriety of taking
judicial notice
SECTION 4: JUDICIAL ADMISSIONS
-Admission, oral or written, made in the course
of the proceedings in the same case, DOES
NOT REQUIRE PROOF.
-May be contradicted only by showing that it
was made through PALPABLE MISTAKE; or IT
WAS NOT MADE

RELEVANCY RULE 130: RULE OF ADMISSIBILITY

-must have a relation to the fact in issue to
induce belief in its existence or non-existence; SECTION 1: OBJECT EVIDENCE
-evidence on COLLATERAL MATTERS SHALL -those that are addressed to the senses of the
NOT BE ALLOWED except when it tends in court;
any reasonable degree to establish the -if it is relevant, it may be exhibited, examined
probability or improbability of the fact in issue. or viewed by the court

RULE 129 – WHAT NEED NOT BE SECTION 2: DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

PROVED -consists of writings;
-recordings;
SECTION 1: JUDICIAL NOTICE; WHEN -photographs (still pictures, drawings, stored
MANDATORY images, -ray films, motion pictures or videos);
-Any material containing letters, words,
-Existence and Territorial Extent of States, sounds, numbers, figures, symbols, or their
their political history; equivalent, or
-Forms of Government; -Other modes of written expression
-Symbols of Nationality;
-Laws of Nation; SECTION 3: ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
-The Admiralty and Maritime Courts of the RULE; EXCEPTIONS
World and their Seals;
-Political Constitution and History of the
Philippines;
-Official Acts of the Legislative, Executive and
Judicial Department of the National
Government of the Philippines;
-Laws of Nature
-Measure of Time; and
-Geographical Divisions.

SECTION 2: WHEN DISCRETIONARY

 Public Knowledge
 Capable of Unquestionable
Demonstration; or
 Ought to be known to judges because of
their judicial functions