Activity 7: Paper Work and Interview

“Transcultural Perspectives in the Nursing Care of Older Adults”

Name: VERAZON, JAYLORD B. Section: BSN4B Date: MAY 25, 2022

1. Read and understand Chapter 8 of our text book “Transcultural Perspectives in the
Nursing Care of Older Adults on page 213. Then provide responses for the following
questions:
a. Define these key terms:
i. Chronic conditions- A disease or condition that usually lasts for 3 months
or longer and may get worse over time. Chronic diseases tend to occur in
older adults and can usually be controlled but not cured. The most
common types of chronic disease are cancer, heart disease, stroke,
diabetes, and arthritis.
ii. Formal support- Formal support includes the services provided by
professional, trained employees, typically paid for their work, such as the
personal care assistant who helps her with bathing, or facilities, such as a
nursing home.
iii. Health behavior- Health behaviors are actions individuals take that affect
their health. They include actions that lead to improved health, such as
eating well and being physically active, and actions that increase one's
risk of disease, such as smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and risky sexual
behavior.
iv. Illness behavior- Illness behavior, the belief that one is threatened by
illness and in need of protective action, including medical care, is typically
initiated by changes in somatic experience and physical function that are
interpreted as symptoms of an underlying threat to health.
v. Informal social support- Informal social support is defined as support
provided outside formal settings (i.e. not workplace, health professional
or social service support). It includes support from family, friends and
informal groups.
vi. Long term care- Long-term care involves a variety of services designed to
meet a person's health or personal care needs during a short or long
period of time. These services help people live as independently and
safely as possible when they can no longer perform everyday activities on
their own.
vii. Self care- WHO defines self-care as “the ability of individuals, families and
communities to promote health, prevent disease, maintain health, and to
cope with illness and disability with or without the support of a
healthcare provider”.
viii. Traditional medicine or practices- Traditional medicine refers to health
practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plant, animal
and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and
exercises, applied singularly or in combination to treat, diagnose and
prevent illnesses or maintain well-being.
 b. What are the Factors that influence older adults’ responses in seeking health
care? (page 215)
-Changing demographics
-Socioeconomic Status Affects Health and Illness Behavior
-Theories of Aging

c. What are the theories of aging? And describe briefly the said theories. (Page
218)
-Disengagement theory focuses on explaining that older adults whose status is linked to
employment perceive less self-worth in retirement when relieved of their roles and
responsibilities.
- Activity theory describes that older adults may substitute recreational and meaningful
opportunities to take the place of previous occupations and careers. Active older adults
are recognized for contributing as fam- ily caregivers and as volunteers for social service
organizations among other productive activities.
-Continuity theory focuses on supporting adults to remain engaged by adapting
patterns of behav- ior from their younger adulthood to keep them involved into older
adulthood.
-Erickson’s developmental theory advances that older adults may struggle with the
tension between maintaining the integrity of their experi- ence while facing the reality
of declining physi- cal and mental functions.

d. Individuals who have immigrated from the same country or region will differ in
their needs and in the ways that their cultural background influences their
health- and illness-related actions. These differences are based on a number of
factors. What are these factors? (page 220)
● Regional or religious identity
● Situation in their homeland that may have
prompted them to emigrate
● Length of time they have spent in the country
where they resettled or immigrated including
degree of acculturation
● Proximity to immediate family or extended
family members
● Network of friends and social support from
their homeland
● Link with ethnic, social, and health-related
institutions

e. Give Guidelines for communicating with older Adult clients? Page 223
-Elicit the client’s views on why the client thinks he or she has symptoms.
-Ask what home remedies or treatment the cli- ent has used and what treatment the
client expects.
 -Respond with information about the bio- medical model using words the client can
understand.
-Negotiate with the client what he or she accepts about the biomedical health care
model and will likely comply with.
-Create a positive environment by being patient, inviting, and sitting close to the cli-
ent so the client can hear you (avoid standing above the client). If working with an
inter- preter, position yourself so the client sees you. Typically, address the client in
formal terms.
-Ask the client if a family member can
also be present to help the client remember or participate in any client teaching.
-Have printed instructions in the client’s native language, if possible.
-Have nonverbal methods of communication, including pho- tographs or symbols to
convey instructions, especially for clients who do not read their home language or
English.
-Be aware if the client wants to make deci- sions or defer to family members as the
deci- sion makers about care issues. -Demonstrate new skills that the client has to
learn and discuss medications in words the client will understand. -Show the client
medi- cations and help the client identify how to remember to take medications. Ask
the cli- ent to repeat instructions to you.

f. Clients may be reluctant to use services for various reasons that include cultural
and linguistic differences or prior negative experiences in health care settings. To
overcome any of the barriers that are perceived by older clients, nurses can
assume several approaches to interact effectively with older adults from diverse
groups. What are these approaches? Page 237
-Be sensitive to the life experiences and previ- ous health care experiences of the
older clients.
-Listen attentively to the older client’s com-
plaints, recollections, and strengths.
-Listen to related conversations to assess for
underlying depression.
-Elicit information about the older client’s
preferences for care, including diet and use of self-care remedies, and include them
when appropriate.
-Identify available sources of informal support and confirm availability.

2. Interview an older adult from your community. It could be your grandparents or your
neighbor or anybody of your choice. Assess the social roles of the older adult using the
Guide in Assessing older Adults’ Social Roles on page 225. This will serve as one perfect
quiz. Please submit documentation of the interview.
a. The proceedings of the interview
b. Photo documentations
-The family interaction was between me (grand daughter and my grandmother. We
often talk about things, she loves to share about her past experiences and the life
before.
- The environment where she prefers to return to was our ancestral house, because it
was the home of our very roots but unfortunately, we do not have someone to look
after her that’s why she was staying at our tita’s house.
-We always have the tradition of preparing our handaan on our special occasions and
we later have Salo-salo as a form of our family bonding.
-We often say Inang/Tatang to our elderly as a form of respect and perform Mano as
well. I myself talk to my grandma near her ears so that she can hear me clearly and
use sign languages that is also very helpful. As much as possible , we would like to
keep our company with our Lola because at times whenever she is alone or does not
have someone to talk to, she feels very sick although when we talk she feels okay.
-We always let our grandma do light activities such as cleaning the surroundings.
Because we observed that when she wasn’t doing anything, she felt sick.
-We always look after her and provide all of her necessities especially when she does
not feel okay.