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Ph~ILtr>1- Plc:it_yhe lmtn~hes[~•;;;,,f,~~~d~ Note- rlame cells o,i p_;,iotoN{JMid.

ia a'1Q
[Plat\)scc(lat, he l minth=luo7tm] a)so found in [R.oftfe,ns_ .1 .
Tn,s_ts the pnytl/m of fla t wo.71rn>.,, b ec;,
· · some pJ11m1r(ue
anne/la,
/-he1'1 hod!j is do-'? ro •veJ?/-n~ f latfe;ud, cepholocho~dafer.
Rot1 Fens- WM<\ ih&.1?,e~ psec,,Qocoe/omafef
Gt . c:.los.e ?\l.lQtil](.S'. of 1t0undw~
G-enR.7lcd chMacte;,v,: -
.
\~Obi 1,- Theseane
Y\d hc.ibdat
f G-e nen.Ctl/!j end.op,vu:u,i'f-er
in boolj of 4nimals
be f ,li .
Mo1XY>1ent af'ld ).,,cornot-,on-
LocomotiDn capc,a'f_y ,s hmi/-ed

/Ve71,x,l,I..!' slno<crune-
,ome may ?fee otng Jt is lao/de;i ..li't::.e. CVleWltu
inf~ww . nd
. .
"Tenne s t.71,at co ,1,<Y\. Dl/e to fo J1 M ahoy, of
_qan:3/iq
CcB>tain)
ffl~La/e.,,a.i
, ~1\-Y\ 0'1<'j°'\ \.el)('.\ o7\';\qni.llah·cn. b:,zain fh€ p.nocess ~ f1V/t>e,)
(o.,, pa.I~
These GVH: TYiiplo h/ashc [ F1>t if ti Me). cep J,,, oJ.,;1 c1t(OI\ Tltarv,1>0t1,e
_, 13i \at~-'lc,,U~ S\IJYYIVV1etn1 ca\- (fonmtit/0>1 of head) bR3ins commir,"
_,,e11nd .rac bo~!j plaY\(Anl,\s-nt) (nom plaf:jhe.lminfhs
-> 5V\tomp)et-e sut ·,s +nt
-, LUi/h t11i/a~f~ed body w4/I. Repnod(J,cfion - Sexes= ;1en,.,na/~ no/-
A coe/omales Sept»iaf.ed. ,
[coe/om is obsi'nt c4u. Xo -1-nce of to, fhRse IV<-'- Bis e1ru~ {= /-le.7/ma h:Ji.odi/e
solid rvie,ode71m b/w hodj wall f and monoec/oUJ, anJ,na.1/,
3ut].
'Devel•'p<Menf- 9ndi,i~cf [wifn J.1mvaR sl'!!J<'!'.
- Ph0s{OJogy [.s'tudy of bodlj fc.mchi>r& .ln Taenia - /1exacanfh a"'d
Jmp- /a77W)R cys/iCf?/CIM (B(ad(;]Znm
{
Nut:t1ifi.on- G-eneY?a!AIJ holoJl)ic, 1:,u)- 1n Fascfolla
n1AtJ11 tron is Sap.no ic in t-ap-e wo~ms Mitto.ciclium, spoJtoUjSf
1n\o.l~ ofs1M)'Ji<'foo fnowi d.ec,dfAi"?3btJdiff1AfJon]_ R.aolla, Ce.?? cM/<1 an.4
-Gut i5 /ncompfe,fe but rt is rnefa c ePr ccmio, .
-nt in tapewon/YIJ i.e Ret'1D_g.ne.-
. ,s itJ-e_o/e u-e /opr>1e>'I/ . Nole - Hete?1opaecto3e11R.ris
[ 1.e. Comple1<1/y -, g1/4p1Jci.t3). [ i;efeno = d1ffe71ent pa.edos=l<V7W
1
Cinc u la I(on- C,.,., cu lat0-'1!3 {:J ,/-em is -n f- gene,i.s =To h.e f>"m.2d
but fYlate~icd,J a:n.e l-1.71U1/,ded in Pnocef.f i;lJ nephl>cw.C£. b~ a.1/Jenenf
bo c/y IM ou9Ji fCV112YI ch:3ma/so/id A CV! 1>oJ. sf ages, /.s co II ed c,s het~ropa,d_o -
mesodenm . 1e. PM.encn:3 l'M/OUJ e.itlcu lati~~ fa.ti e.9- 83 - Spo~oClj,f 9'"""·
. . { Gf'nl'77C/ll!j anaR.nohic in most - l<o.olia (fins I 3 atior-,
Resp1T1af1on of endo pana).Jfi,.r - RNll.io. ;e{,l)nd9er,.e:,,i:m• o6
Dfnecf a.vzobic ifl f.7/U
(itJ-infJ fot7mJ:,· Cla~riftca/-(on of
Plat!11u/Min lh<S
Excnefion- AmM onofe/fc [main erc:,zeto:y D1vi'deci in 3- da,ses.
pno OU<Cf is QmmoYZia)
txc:riefotry st.?1uctwie - f710/oneph71iclfa Ci -I- Tu71be/lo.n ia Q-E·T-'1ernatoda ll ·l- Ceslvd/a .
0?7 cla;s of flu/Ces Clas, of
flame ce/1/i o-'l Clats off"'"
TapewD"1mS .

Jt i:o/enorntes .
T•f_hf ,(Jv1n5 f/alw"1f>!J.
crf11:1 -.:,;
Lf11,, a; flame) -1/ooA, tswdce-'1s-n1. tucke.71, -i-nf Hooks Qnd
· Ven / 7/CU f>'10 ufh Ant,,.,.,, ,,,,..1, ~ucketzs f.71PHI?
-nt
A flame cell on so e c!j!!.
[fon osrnoAe.91..\\Qtio\'\ ~ ex~dioi] £9-PlanM ia
{Du_gesia)
rFarclo/o. heoati,a
to,,, p 11.,t1> 111.t:,J
£9 Schirtoroma
[ 8Jood(MP)
E
moufJ, ,-
L3uf' /J ·
fll:!r/?},~ .!e!J..~m
9 ~Taenlo raginat4
8 ta ..,,,,,,,..,
l · P/et nan la {=.1Juge,ia)- f71.,,.,, .liui/13 flat"'°""' lnfe:c/(ue- s/-o.9e{10.,,v-o {o7l second~ host
,r;inte?tlD.77 Rnd - M/JW.Q"ol(LlyY}
fhotoJiecepro.71( E:3~- f
( Fnee I wi mm1n3 c,/,of.
Do?1tt1I su.?1face In(~ch[J( l'"'1v<i f-oJ>t p.nim""3ho.sr- Mela,e,r
Rhabolites. [fncysf-ed fo'l
v,nt,iol s"-"fa"'- (.?/ell' r ,,,, f'Y'M'Y!:J /w, IXI- Mino, c.,j CA i um
Moufh [on vent.nal SW1 face)
q V\ cl Cenccvtio. ·
spo110c!js /- f
t;onopo,ie [openin9 of n~pn,,w,cli<>< poss•9efl
R.ep.?10cl<Adn9 /anl1tle - Rec./ia
[i.(. Sho<vi'r.9 paedo9enesis)
Nore- RhabdiJ<'J'- Roc/ like small sfn,,.,twres in ,-, Afro k,11DWY/ CH 61/h.MJia .
epra,nmaJ alls of planOJ1ia. 3· Sthithitomo, [Blood Fluke] -Lft,eJ in b/oo
( fo11 oncho,nin.3 o/ def~na) vessel of h~man and some orhVI mamm

-Fasciola. heRai;ca[,uve;i fluke 011sheep_lifJOJ Note - It c.au~es- Schr~f-osomiasi.!: o;i


L., t,11ex</af/He,nmaph7iodile flul<d BilhOY1Jia,1s
j/- five; in bile du.cf f 9all blac:Ad01 of sfwep Femo.le Sch1,to,o
goat, catUeJ, anct CM1SR! tk li!X'n nolt - MoJe
( cl OY>1QJJ£ of .P.iv-e?J) ti'J lheJ<' rnommalo-
S\ iJ a q!j_9eNli c evido p1D101i/e (i.e. //-'f life C.:jd-• Gynaecoph.onic conu/
Is compltl<?cl in hoJ/ of fwo rJ.i~nl species) [ A canal to bnm female S<his/D1om4
. r' A 9-'I aJ Jin9 l'Ylti mm4-/ (PniwiM3 hoJ I)
~e 7.. A snai/(Mollusc f9 · L!Jrrw1a.ea ~ PlanD7!bis.
(second My hosh:)

G-onopo?I~
Mouth

A nmJJ i o,i '"


o--+posfe.nion ~"""'"
"J
O?i.a 7j., u cfce.'1
Fon anc h0?1in
[To~ at/aa,, WITh 4-Tape won MS [Ce!tocle!']
Aeel-abv.fum waif of bJk,it,r/]
1-Taenic. sol/um Z-I- ~inotQ !:'.chlnococctA
[Po11~ tape w 011m] [8,ef tap, ..,.,,m] [Dog;$ tope w
f.}(c91efon!J po>ie ·
fo.sc,olC\ h~p.atic [Wi!-h \-<of\i\«loodJ]
1- To.enio. so/ 'um[fonk tape wo71m
- Li'fe l!Jcle- .ll ,·,.feels to !h.oM /:"'of/,, t<vho ecd fN
\ copulaff.oYJ b/w -1n/e77na.{ fe.?1Misa-fr• iJ'Ylpn.op&>ly cookei:I /Y/esle_!} po71k ( Flesh of
two pa,cio/q t pig lnfeclecl wilh c31:-lrc-e77cu~ JCV1u-a.e of
Ao\.u.lt fa1ci6la[t;1 hl/e olMct] Fe11t1,t,s.ed.eg9~= rae nla)
t ri 1:S f119ested b!J _a theep clischw,9ed in fa,u.i Taenia is a oli9RN/(c et1dop:masife (/e. j/,5
I a"'d clev.elo~, rn of sheep [n.ea:, po Ii fe c._yd~ is completed in !Josf-, of two
v- Metace>1caJ1iq lAAv-a I, cl.iffe?Jenf species)
[ t:nc'.jsted IW1 i,-aJ
099 ,,, ent-VI in i,>~f Pt1irna.?1.:j host- Human

I zt get ~ttacheij 1-o an


aq;v.atic plant ~dt1,dopesin. ~
St"'1t to swirn in wq/e,r.
~Hatching

0) M1f1ae,/olium /cv,oo
[J:·nRl cilia/ed rwimmi
,ecoY1dw,3 had· fig

?a.en,0, nR.lafed ci1sea,es-


l
1 comeJ out of Snail
iV-(en U:,Jt(a la.,,tta,/Tai/,d fo,,m)
. _f<"im
t&,te-'! r rn d;g,.<H T<>.eniasrs l'..3stice~co,is-.
,~def~J -eo~sec/ in liuman /Jy -Caused b9 cylffc-mc.,s
1p.1too1Mce.s

P11•ci~«r
o. u
.e Jll
and oltve{ope.r in
<an,,nnr·ud t).711.J"O.,
flciLllt To.enia !Moo cf T~1.v11i1
St/Jobi Ila [se9m-'?nfec/ pr.vzt of loofj]
1wnia is a bi5fXIA.o.i qni)'YloJ
]foll /Y1.24 ):,~

1
I
,[jYJ SMa.li 1nfe_rf1YU ofhuma&JPrJ~
pnoo¼ c j-iOV\ ~
Ptto9 lotid.s 0 Pseu.cfosegmerJgJ

A otu It To.,,ni• (rape1u=JYJ)


1De<><'/op~, i n
Humjon tmall i" nfesflru. :tt-\<Xacant_,.,"'~-,
rnony
Oncn r s,·,
~i'ft,~'.c/
lmmci/wie p~lotrds
[r.ex o.-,9anr Q7UI >WI cJq ve/.c>ped)
l Gnat,idp7WBotr
[0,i/9 i,,i/h lVl4~d ~ tn!~ ufei
fJl/qd w/H, 0,uhc,5pYJ.vu.s]

It f~fedr to One hosp ~'!'f!L~ f)'la/1.171 e pm31o1 i~


wsticencur fB/MdeJtwonm
Iri't( c.t(VV it fJ'r h1,1man]
shell 1 fsex 003 on.1 ane ciei,w,r"J
r NOo> r,a~ca,/ d.evelop<! in O h p
stnlakil l'lu,Jclt1t,-- Anty1ies f
.,:; ~~es'ne;"'hu"'man .

1"9r--, LA-" I. V->Aonfo


1- [j~fe l t/lK stag, P19J ;:;:;~,L c;,- •
u[Moaw,y w,t~ 'V [c ;mi.hw, - 1'
t O h h . ted Penis] ' + U fen fA.S
>--
R,:gnrv,-tn,:f--Ri9h:tt.,,iul'» nc osp Ol.e,J ,n3et vo.9fnt11
Ova.,,.~ To £( C-'let ( (J,,,,e.lJ
~ pah't:: . . '-'.'J
t>e. in ➔ tflfv,.1oi,,ut:~o(auo .
/?ll'.kl
tJ ~ I a.ncu.nd .eMb~o
L iu-e>'k-- Ht:pafrc pO?rto.l i,eln {t She//9lan~s/t eh/is •s 9lond
H exa can/h mooes 1nJ Pnofecf-i \K J..~.eli! OJU? v,te Iint..'! Ian "1 ·
t diqesfec( ,n 111/es ,,w [To p,zo111 ole ntAt,ii/{oo
HexQcan/1, enlen.1 in ,.__
blood 1J<Sre1, of small
or pij ~ /•/exoconfl,
bewm.v, f"-'., /Y! 9,1a.ll
fl matuJU p,nog/ottids fO"l ova)

I nler/1"" of p,g. (/1 fef/tN o(J p iJ · {!, tt£J. ncJ.~ rl


. Rosfellu,.., (..{ te11 LAS
o,1-sc.c,/e.r ---,;:;c=w ;',• 28' · 3:I (J,/f/>iOU,

l~ F1//~d
~ (I) o.~ ~ o, hook..t
NecJC I" /m-U.-.l/ •SrACktns
[2)
wrtbi
LOJ19.e no
t,,ob;II,
ttgmtnh·d t:>-~-J
ofoncosp~
p..to(~ rcmtm~ont'( /~

Body of Tt1.2.nit1 ,o/ium


1-l)fVided in '3 po.n:l:s·
Seo I-ex 11eck st.nol:,illa · ~ Infects to PIB f •eve/o)!ts
~ in c J Hct,ic1.1s in m~ckr
Sco/.eX' - 11 rnob Jike ,fnl.(c/W'-i? a,/" an/vrio.:>.erd oncosph,.ne .
Rosf-ellui>? . I <~sticen:,_us laJTv-o
&col.elf hqs (Ante.11 ro,rcon1cll.(f p t.>tJr,i -J,,, Bladde?I wonm .

, c;,1trnow, hook.-'> (2~-12) JnfecrilJ€' sia3e fon Pi!J · t


[flnnang.ed in two nows. Jnfechi,e Srtljf fo"
5ucke"1!: (fowi >>'> huWJb,q) humaJ?.
The.re st"rActll.7te.J he.tp in ancho.:,zfnJ·
To.1cnia £g3inata (,Ge ef tapewott!YU-
Neclc.- Unse3rnenfKd pMf hehin:I fhe rcol<X· l n f e c / s to /hOJR p.eop/e who
eat fhJ,,
/'Jer,o bot1:3 S.e,JlrlR,.,,fs ane p=cw.cal beef It ir longe?/ fhar;Ts~/(1,1m b~f fr lock,
posten/o:» 71-RJion of necf<.. ,J,osfel/um and h oo/zs>, .
E.ch1riococcus- Li1J-e.s in t'nfah:n.,__O\
o/O.,::JS/ CW!Yli L>Cl·.,.,<-<w .
pa,iasdt'c a daf._fafronr in Ffaf-tuo.nms . . .
The se - 12·-

1- Bi'Sex:t~o.i,lt y [€.J(c.epft'on- schistosomtiJ ln


r>1ost of ent:AopMarJ t.es .
2~ Hookr an d su.clce~<;. fo_77 ancht:YLfn.9-
3- /-le t.e7l Of o.R_ d 03.en.e,~;Jr [f-?Jt.pnoclMc rr DY) lo!:)
dff fen en f /OJ1 LJ-al sta_geg
Ll- A po I lj sif-P .no ce~s of .drlach.1ng !he
postenion body S.€!) ·. ' nfs- hy
a tap ew oft rn. , . . . . .
5- ffler~nc~ of fhfck s9nc'jf1al. fe,3u~er1t
- fYJUAh'nucf.eate la ·.en of l?Dd ·. wa.l!]

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