APPLICATIONS

Lubricants and anticorrosion

Our products present low impact on the environment (based on available data):
low toxicity, ready biodegradability, and low bioaccumulation.

O
Heptanoic acid
OH
CAS-No.: 111-14-8
H3C(CH2)5COOH

> High purity and very low color 100% linear saturated acid

> Seven carbon atoms in the straight chain yield a good compromise in terms of low viscosity at low temperature and low
volatility at high temperature.

> Highly valorized in lubricants in the form of C7 acid esters like neopolyol ester based on trimethylolpropane, neopentylglycol,
pentaerythritol, etc.
• Low temperature fluidity higher than with nearby C6/C8/C10.
• High thermal and oxidative stability for use in automotive applications (car motor oil), metalworking fluids, plasticizer, etc.
• Miscibility with non-chlorine refrigerants: use in synthetic refrigeration lubricants.
• Comply with properties required in military specifications for jet aircraft engines: high viscosity index, good high and low
temperature viscosity properties, and low pour point.
> High efficiency corrosion inhibitor when used as a salt derivative: INFLUENCE OF CHAIN LENGTH
sodium heptanoate provides much better protection against the corro-
7
sion of iron than the nearby even-numbered coconut or petroleum >6
Inhibition concentration (g/l)

5.82
6
based fatty acids (C6/C8/C10/C12 analogues). 5
4
• Corrosion protection for copper, iron, aluminum and zinc by
3
chemical bonding between metal molecules at the surface and 1.52 1.8
2
C7 carboxylates constituting the protective coating. 0.83
1
• The typical cost-effective inhibition concentration for sodium 0
C6 C7 C8 C9 C10
heptanoate is ~ 1.5 g/l (0.5 – 4.0 g/l). Most efficient corrosion inhibitors:
C7, C8, C9 > mono C6, C10 > C12
• Stability of C7 acid in hard water: no precipitation of calcium soap.
• Widely used as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial applications like:
- Metalworking fluids
- Water-based hydraulic fluids for anti-freeze application (automotive sector)
- Industrial water-based refrigerants
- Temporary protection
- Anticorrosion additive for paint
- Cutting oils (good biological stability and high corrosion inhibition efficiency).
 Esterol A
CAS-No.: 67762-38-3

> A mixture of saturated and unsaturated C16 to C18 fatty acid methyl esters:
• Methyl linoleate (C18:2): 40%
• Methyl oleate (C18:1): 30%
• Methyl stearate (C18:0): 11%

> A vegetable esters composition whose technical performances are particularly suitable for lubricant applications:

LUBRICATING OXIDATION BIODEGRADABLE

PROPERTIES RESISTANCE POTENTIAL

Mineral oils
Paraffinic oil - ++ -
Naphtenic oil

Vegetable esters
Esterol A ++ + +

Vegetable oils
Rapeseed oil
Soybean oil ++ - +
Sunflower oil
Castor oil

> Readily biodegradable and weakly toxic: no glycol ethers and no APEO (alkylphenolethoxylate).
Esterol A is not classified for human health and environment.

> Low viscosity and good oxidation resistance.

> Excellent unctuous agent with high lubricating and anti-wear properties
• Lubricant additive in cutting oils that acts as a viscosity regulator for synthetic and vegetable oil base stocks
(component of bio-oils).
• Fluxing agent for metalworking fluids.
• Concrete mold-release agent: low viscosity, easy to emulsify, oily.
• Oily agent for the treatment of leather and textile.
• Cleaning and degreasing agent (high boiling and flash points,
high solvent power, low viscosity and weak toxicity).
 O
Sebacic acid OH
CAS-No.: 111-20-6 HO
HOOC-(CH2)8-COOH O

> Sebacic acid is widely used to produce a salt derivative, the (di)sodium sebacate, a corrosion inhibitor.

> The main application is coolant (anti-freeze) fluids for aircraft, automotive and truck engines.

> The anticorrosion effectiveness depends on the length of the hydrocarbon chain of dicarboxylic acid,
on the concentration and also on the substrate*:
• The anticorrosion performance in a water-glycol solution containing 2% salt are:
- For non-ferrous metals (solder, copper, brass):
sodium sebacate > sodium adipate > sodium succinate > sodium laurate
- For ferrous metals (steel, cast iron):
sodium succinate > sodium adipate > sodium sebacate > sodium laurate
- For aluminium:
sodium laurate > sodium adipate > sodium succinate > sodium sebacate
• Sodium sebacate is one of the most efficient salts for non-ferrous metals

> Mixing different salts enables one to improve the anticorrosion effectiveness thanks to positive synergetic effects
and gives for each substrate an optimized mixture*:
- For solder, copper, aluminium, steel and cast iron:
Sodium succinate / Sodium sebacate 1/1
- For brass:
Sodium adipate / Sodium sebacate 1/1
* Anti-corrosion properties of carboxylic acid in water-glycol solutions Bashkirceva N.Y., Sladowska O.Y., Ovchinnikova Y.S.,
Vagapov B.R., research-journal.org
 ARKEMA - A limited liability company with capital of 625 388 180 euros - Nanterre Company and Commercial Registry No. 445.074.685
> Sebacic acid is a raw material to produce sebacate diesters (DOS, DBS, …), used in complexed greases or lubricants:
• Generally, diesters are used as base oils for high performance lubricants in automotive, aerospace turbines,
high reliability industrial hydraulics and compressor systems.
• Indeed, as lubricant base oils, diesters offer advantages (in comparison with mineral oils):
- High viscosity index
- Low temperature fluidity

Dircom 4325E / 03.2013/10 - PA Spec - Photos: Arkema, MVC, Thinkstock - Deisgn: Incisif
- High thermal and oxidation stability as manifested by low viscosity rise on oxidation
- Low pour point, low volatility, high flash points, low peroxide value, good additive response, low coking
characteristics, overall excellent lubricity.
• Sebacates have enhanced viscosity and excellent lubricity when compared with adipates.

The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the conditions and methods
of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, ARKEMA expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or
arising from any use of the product or reliance on such information; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MER-
CHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED
HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with
other materials or in any process. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice
under any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any
proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement.
It is the sole responsibility of the manufacturer of final end-use (and finished) products to conduct all necessary tests and inspections and to evaluate the final product
under the requirements, laws, rules and regulations applicable to the end-use market and application.
See SDS (for US : MSDS) for Health & Safety Considerations.

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