HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

TITLE: - INTERNSHIP REPORT

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

HOSTING COMPANY: - ADAMA AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY INDUSTRY

DURATION OF TIME: MARCH 11-JUNE 30

PREPARED BY:-

Name ID NO

1. NAHU ASTERAYE ……………...... 4013/08

2. GEMECHIS MASFIN ……………….. 3588/08
3. KUMA SHUMI ……………………… 3806/08
4. ABRHAM TSEGAYE ………………… 3097/08

SUBMISSION DATE: - 17/10/2019

 I

DECLARATION
We declare that this internship report is an authentic record of our own works except for reference and
citation which have been duly acknowledged and internship training program of Industrial Training during
the period from 11/Mar/2019 to 7/Jun/2019 for the award of degree of B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering,
Haramaya University Institute of technology department of mechanical engineering, Haramaya, under the
guidance of______________________________________.

NAME SIGNATURE
1. NAHU ASTERAYE -----------------------------------------------
2. GEMECHIS MASFIN -----------------------------------------------
3. KUMA SHUMI -------------------------------------------------------
4. ABRHAM TSEGAYE -----------------------------------------------

ADVISER NAME SIGNATURE

MS. BETELEHEM SISAY --------------------------------------

Date: ___________________________
 II

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all we would like to thank God for choosing us to do this work and AAMI for its willingness to
host and support us on the daily jobs. All the staff members were very humble and cooperative and we
would like to thank them all. Personally we would like to acknowledge all the supports we got from our
training manager Ato Tilahun Wolde (mechanical engineer).But we should not have to forget all the effort
and knowledge we got from academic advisors Mr. Geda Tola and other lecturers because without their
effort we may not be here.
 III

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
FDRE________________________________ Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
METEC_______________________________ Metals and Engineering Corporation
GTP__________________________________ Growth and Transformation Plan
USSR__________________________________ Union of Soviet Socialist Republic

MTW__________________________________ Minsk Tractor Works

NMWC_________________________________ National Metal Works Corporation

AAMI__________________________________ Adama Agricultural Machinery Institution

HP_____________________________________ Horse power

PTO____________________________________ Power take off

 IV

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1Tractors that are assembled at the company................................................................................................ 19

Table 2strength and weakness of our group............................................................................................................. 36
 V

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1Assembly section ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Figure 2manufacturing section ................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 3disc plough ................................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 4. Disc harrow................................................................................................................................................. 11
Figure 5Maintenance section .................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 6disassembling of engine ............................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 7cylinder head ................................................................................................................................................ 13
Figure 8piston with connecting rod .......................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 9cylinder and cylinder block........................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 10Injection pump ........................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 11crank shaft .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 12fly wheel ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 13pump factory .............................................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 14ursus tractor ............................................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 15cherry tractor ............................................................................................................................................. 24
Figure 16waking tractor ............................................................................................................................................ 25
 VI

TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION............................................................................................................................................................... I
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................................................................................... II
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................. III
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................................... IV
LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................................................... V
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................. VI
EXCUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................... VIII
CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................................................................. 1
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 BACKGROUND/ PROFILE OF THE COMPANY ..................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Structural Organization of Main Activity ........................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Major Problems we faced ................................................................................................................................. 6
1.6 Title and position of the supervisor in charge................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.1. Introduction...................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2. How do we get into the company? .................................................................................................................. 7
2.3. Section of the company we are working in ...................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1 Assembly section........................................................................................................................................ 8
2.3.2 Manufacturing Section ............................................................................................................................... 8
2.3.3 Maintenance Section ................................................................................................................................ 11
2.3.4 Pump factory ............................................................................................................................................ 16
2.4 Methods and procedures while working ........................................................................................................ 17
2.4.1 Work flow under Tractor factory Section ................................................................................................ 17
2.4.2 Work flow under implement factory section ............................................................................................ 20
2.5 Technical tasks/product .................................................................................................................................. 21
2.5.1 Work Task We Have Been Executing In Assembling Section ................................................................ 21
2.5.2 Work task we have been executing manufacturing section...................................................................... 22
2.5.3 Work task we have been executing pump factory .................................................................................... 23
2.6 Mechanical systems and tools used ................................................................................................................ 24
2.7 types of tractor ................................................................................................................................................ 24
2.8 Part of tractor .................................................................................................................................................. 25
2.9 The challenges we have been faced during the internship............................................................................. 28
2.9.1 Measures taken to overcome the challenges ............................................................................................ 29
CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................................................................ 30
 VII
3. OVERALL BENEFIT GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP ............................................................................................. 30
3.1 Objectives of the Internship ............................................................................................................................ 30
3.1.1 General Objective ..................................................................................................................................... 30
3.1.2 Specific objective ..................................................................................................................................... 30
3.2 Knowledge and Acquaintances Acquired ........................................................................................................ 31
3.2.1 In terms of improving practical skill: ....................................................................................................... 31
3.2.2. In terms of up grading theoretical knowledge ......................................................................................... 31
3.2.3. In terms of improving interpersonal communication skill ...................................................................... 32
3.2.4. In terms of improving team playing skills ............................................................................................... 32
3.2.5. In terms of improving leader ship skills .................................................................................................. 33
3.2.6. In terms of understanding about work ethics issues, industrial psychology and related issues .............. 34
3.2.7. In terms of entrepreneurship skills .......................................................................................................... 35
3.2.8. In terms of improving industrial problem solving capability .................................................................. 35
CHAPTER FOUR.......................................................................................................................................................... 36
4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................................... 36
4.1. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
4.2. Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................... 37
References ................................................................................................................................................................. 39
 VIII

EXCUTIVE SUMMARY
The history of introduction of tractor technology to our country goes back to 26 years ago when
Adama agricultural machinery industry was inaugurated to produce tractors and other agricultural
machineries in the country to achieve its goal of transforming the traditional and low scale
agriculture of the state to modern and mechanized practice as the sectors is the back bone of the
country’s economy. On the way to achieve its goal, the plant would open the door for the
development of raw materials and a spare part was one of the aims of the company. However, it
still has not gone beyond importing raw materials and assembling hundreds of tractors, walking
tractors, pumps and manufacturing some implements and trailers. This is in fact very near to 3000
tractors and walking tractors which was the aim of the company to produce per year. The failure
arose mainly from the restriction made to the company’s production capacity by the demand for
tractor in the country. Farmers have no awareness of the importance of the mechanizations and
most of them are not able to use tractors due to lack enough capital. It is there for necessary to
change the attitude of farmers and enable them to enter into mechanized farming by motivating
them to form association. For this, all concerned bodies like agricultural extension workers and
agricultural technology expert, developmental groups and companies working on this area have
to collaborate. Moreover, the tractors and modern agricultural machineries that are produced
should consider the capital capacity and topography of farm lands of the farmers
 CHAPTER ONE

1. INTRODUCTION
Internship is a practical application on which what students know about their field in
Theoretical class. It is important because the practical session in higher education al institutes is
Held under limited condition. During the internship however, students are exposed to the real
Application area of their concern there by developing their practical skills. And also it gives a
better Opportunity to understand working with peoples, work responsibilities and disciplines.
The internship program organized by institute of technology, we are going to this company and
Contact the personnel officer with my application letter. They are allowed to accept me and then
We started working on March in the assembly section of the company. After one week training we
have been working there as a worker by taking work responsibility for three weeks. Next we are
going to the manufacturing section and working with lath machine, milling machine and drilling
machine including welding and grinding for five weeks. Then we have been stayed for two weeks
with Hydraulic shear machine which is used to cut different metals And Hydraulic press break
machine which is used to bend metals in the required shape. Finally we are going to the large
maintenance shop and maintain different models of tractor for three weeks. (industry, march
20/2019)

1.1 BACKGROUND/ PROFILE OF THE COMPANY

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Metals and Engineering Corporation
(METEC) comprises of sixteen industries. All these industries have one main office (head quarter)
at Mexico square Roosevelt Street, Lideta Sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia all being sister
companies.
These industries are;
 Adama Agricultural machinery Industry,
 Adama Garment Industry,
 Akaki Basic Metals Industry,
 Bishoftu Auto Motive Industry,
 Construction and Engineering Machinery Sub- Industry,

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  Dejen Aviation Industry,
 Ethiopian Plastic Industry,
 Fuel and Propellant Industry,
 GAFAT Armament Industry,
 Hi Tech Industry,
 Hibret Manufacturing and Machine Building Industry,
 Homicho Ammunition Industry,
 Locomotive Sub- Industry,
 Metal Fabrication Industry,
 Ethiopia Power Engineering Industry,
 Quality Engineering Center and
 Sarrice Boat Manufacturing Industry.
At twenty five years, considerable effort has been exerted tirelessly to permanently end poverty,
an attribute that had been associated with Ethiopia for a long time. As a result of this effort, great
success has been achieved, compared to the long history of the country, where drastic results have
been recorded across all sectors during these years.
The agriculture has been the main economic driving sector in Africa and plays the biggest role in
contributing to GDP and for the recorded changes in growth as compared to other economic
sectors.
Agriculture has created and is creating conducive situations which enable the transformation to
industrialization. The Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) is paving the way towards
industrialization with the goal of elevating Ethiopia to become a middle income country.
AAMI imports the raw materials, tractor components and accessories from Belarus, Poland and
Italy. The Metals and Engineering Corporation (METEC) is one of the institutions established by
the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) to enable the realization of the government’s
Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) and to accelerate the ongoing transition of Ethiopia into
industrialization and becoming a middle-income country. Since the establishment of METEC as a
public enterprise by the Council Of Ministers regulation number 183/2002, METEC has been
working tirelessly towards the realization of its vision, mission and objectives. Currently, METEC
is comprised of 15 semi-autonomous, and integrated manufacturing companies that are operating
in more than nine different sectors. In addition, to supporting key stakeholders in the public sector,

2
the METEC companies were established for developing their building tractor assembling plant to
different African country.
The establishment of Nazareth tractor assembly was commenced in September 1978 when
technical and economic cooperation agreement was signed between the Ethiopian government and
the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR).
Subsequently in 1980, a contract was concluded between Minsk Tractor Works (MTW) of USSR,
and National Metal Works Corporation (NMWC) of Ethiopia to undertake a preliminary study on
the project .The feasibility study of this project come to an end in 1982.After21 years the Nazareth
tractor assembly was changed to AAMI
Adama agricultural machinery industry is an industry which is established including Nazareth
tractor assembly and which is stop working according to the law of ministers 63/1985 June 3
2003e.c and adding another 3 industries established according to 25/1984 in 2003 e.cm. AAMI
was found in Oromiya region Adama city 100 km from the capital city Addis Ababa. AAMI’s 4
factory sites (tractor assembly factory, implement factory, pump assembly factory and irrigation
equipment factory) are located on 114,388 square meters of land. (Brochure, 1987)
Purpose
 To satisfy our society in supply of tractor and agricultural machinery, pumps and
tractor for sugar factory and giving maintenance of the machineries.
 Helping of the farmers by giving lend tractors and agricultural machineries.
 To undertake the activities of Engineering that support our country's Economy and
Industry.

Vision
 To prosper Ethiopia in Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Industries.
 To transferring low scale agricultural to modern and mechanization agriculture sector.
Mission

The mission of AAMI is:-

 To ensure satisfaction of the society by supplying and servicing different models of

tractor and agricultural machineries with better efficiency, quality and at lower cost.
 To design, build and integrate agricultural machinery manufacturing plants.

3
  To Produce, assemble and supply quality and versatile horse power range tractors with
associated implements, water pumps and irrigation equipment’s that suit different
agricultural processes, construction activities, municipality operations and others with
competitive price to help customers use modern technology that enables them to be
efficient, effective and productive their workers.
Objectives of the organization

METEC has established under the Council of Minister Regulation No. 183/2010 in June 2010 to
perform the following purposes:

 To design, manufacture, erect, and commission manufacturing industries;

 To engage in maintenance and overhauling of manufacturing industries;
 To expand and enhance engineering and technological
Capabilities through creating partnership for the entrepreneurship for the integration
and interfacing industrial resources;
 To undertake production, manufacturing, maintenance, overhauling, and upgrading of
weapons, equipment’s and parts useful to defense and security forces for combat and
war operations;
 To engage in any other related activities necessary for the attainment of its purposes
Products

 Assembly different size and brands of tractors.

 Manufacturing of various construction equipment’s such as trainers, loaders, water
tankers etc.
 Assembly of various tractor combines including disk plough and harrows.
 Assembly of water pumps that have various ranges.
 Spare part for any agricultural machineries

4
Services

 Maintenance and service of tractor implementing, pumps, irrigation equipment’s both at

client site as well as on company premises.
 Sales of tractors, tractor implement, water pump and irrigation equipment spare parts.
 Training operators of tractors and tractor implements.
Major customer
 Amhara seed enterprises
 Coffee plantation
 Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute
 Ethiopian road Authority
 Ethiopian seed enterprise
 Seka Agro processing
 Sugar corporation
 Universal Road Authority
 Minister of Agriculture
Major suppliers
 Hebex GMBH
 Awash auto Batteries Plc
 Kadisko paint factory
 Minsk Tractor works commercial department
 Minisk tractor works spare parts
 Nardi S.P.A.

1.3 Structural Organization of Main Activity

This company holds above 575 workers under different working sections. The overall
organizational work flow of the company is structured in a form that is suitable for running
technical, financial and management activities.
Among 575 employees 490 of them are on a permanent payroll sheet. And 85 of them are from
the military. The company employed a total of 29 engineers. Among them 1 automotive engineer,
1 manufacturing engineer, 3 mechanical (design stream) engineers, 5 mechanical (auto stream)
engineers. The supreme body of the company is the general management body. This body deals

5
with overall internal and external affairs of the company. Under the general management there is
administration of the company which is concerned with all internal activities. Totally there are five
sections or departments under the administration of this company.

Those are listed below.

I. Personnel department which concerned with human resource management

ii. Finance department which is responsible for any financial issue,

iii. Marketing department which is concerned with sales and research on market of the product.

iv. The quality assurance department which deals with checking the quality of raw materials and
Inspection of new tractors.

v. Technique department that is directly concerned with technical aspects and under this
department there are three operational sections.

1.5 Major Problems we faced

The job by itself needed some labor works and we were not used to that type of task. We did get
tired easily in the first weeks. The other thing is the knowledge difference between the employees
in the company leads us to confusion where at the time we got an interesting questions and ask
two different individuals we get different answers. And if we were told with lazy employee we got
more frustrated where he tries to give us the hard works that doesn’t give us any educational
lessons but it teaches us that patience is the key to success.

1.6 Title and position of the supervisor in charge

Name of supervisor – Ato Tilahun Wolde
Title of supervisor – Mechanical engineering bachelor of degree
Position – supervisor

6
 CHAPTER TWO

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1. Introduction

This chapter will present about the overall internship experience that is how we get into the
company, available work sections in the company, work piece of tasks we were executing,
procedures used while performing our tasks, our performance on the accomplishment of tasks,
challenges faced and measures that we have taken.

2.2. How do we get into the company?

Firstly, collecting information from seniors that afford our interest, then we have chosen
AAMI as our favourite company for the internship practice on the form that our department
given us. We choose this company because there are many advantages than other organization.
Those advantages are:

 Type and quantity machineries available.

 Full access given to students and initiate to work effectively
 The company plays a great role for the industrialization process which aims to bring
about economic transformation in the country.
 Use time properly.
 Having experienced engineers on our field of study.

2.3. Section of the company we are working in

As our department all the work done on the company is important for us so we are working in all
the factory section. In AAMI there are three factories, pro type and maintenance section. All
sections have their own work flows. These sections are;

1. Tractor assembly section

2. Manufacturing section
3. maintenance sections
4. pump factory section

7
2.3.1 Assembly section
This is tractors body assembly section. Under this different types of tractors based on their
manufactured country, engine type and operation horse power (HP) can be assembled. It
holds about 80 workers sectioned by group, each group has three or four members and one
group is assigned to fully finish assembling one tractor in 2 weeks. It has many equipment
and tools that are used for the production system. In the section, there is an overhead crane
that has a capacity of lifting 3200 kg of load. This crane can roll from end to end of the
production hall and hence it is used for lifting and taking the raw materials to required
position. There is a supervisor for the section.

Figure 1Assembly section

2.3.2 Manufacturing Section

This is the section in which different agricultural equipment are manufactured. It holds about 25
workers and also provides any work shop assistance for the other two sections. There are metal
work machines like lathe, drilling, milling, grinding machines, vertical saw and all other work
shop tools. It has also its own overhead crane of the same capacity as that of the production
section. The trailers that are produced are capable of holding 6 tons load. As we have stayed
under this section for 15 days; two major operations are performed.

8
Figure 2manufacturing section

Assembly of disc harrow and plough

All the components used to assembly the equipment is imported from SHANDOG YUNTAI
MACHINERY CO. LTD china. Both the equipment have different weights and number of discs
according the power of the tractors.

Disc plough

This disc plough is applicable for plough and turning up the cultivated land, wild land in dry
farming area, especially applicable for plough and turning up high green standard assembly
loamy field and returned field of rice, cotton and wheat stubbles. This disc plough is carried type
implement and mainly composed of plough frame, column, plough, rear furrow wheel, disc hub,
disc scrapper and others. There are different weight disc ploughs some of them:

Model-1Ly 525 Model- 1Ly 25

Weight- 640Kgs Weight- 750Kgs
Matched power- 100-120HP Matched power- 130HP
Number of discs- 5 Number of discs- 6

9
 Figure 3disc plough

Disc harrow

Disc harrow is applicable for hacking after plough, tilling before the saw, loosening the soil, and
mixing the clay fertilizers. This machine has reasonable structure which is firm, wearable,
convenient for operation, easy for maintenance, high operating efficiency, and reasonable power
utilization, strong capacity of soil piercing and hacking. Its main parts that are assembled
includes; Frame, harrow string, upright pull rod, transport wheel, bearing, disc, and scrappers.

There are different types of disc harrow assembly under this section some of they are listed
below:

Model- 1BQDX 2.65 Model- 1BZ 2.8

Weight- 650Kgs Weight- 1500Kgs
Matched power- 70-90HP Matched power- 100- 120HP
Number of discs- 24 Number of discs- 32
In addition to this product there are many harrow with different weight and number of discs like
28disc, 22disc, 18disc, 14disc and so on with varies range matched tractor.

10
 Figure 4. Disc harrow

2.3.3 Maintenance Section

Under this section, three activities are done. These are maintenance, inspection and painting
activities. Like the other two sections this section also has conveyor and crane. The painting section
is fully equipped and conditioned in such a way that safe and quality painting is done. There is a
system that sucks out dusty air from the room to keep the painted tractor clean until it dries. There
is also circulating water that sucks paint spray into the water pan so that the painter works under
Physiological safety the operation that takes place under this section are listed as follows.

.
Figure 5Maintenance section

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Engine inspection

Engine that is the power source, any power that the tractors operate is obtained from the engine.
And also clutch housing which is used to engage or disengage power from the engine.

After disassembly of any tractor engine, it must be cleaned using washing machine then inspection
is done. There are three types of washing:

 Water washing
 Kerosene washing
 Nafta (diesel) washing
Water washing easily removes dust particles like mud, oil, ash and carbons and it is operated by
pressurized water.
Kerosene washing is also applicable in engine impurity removal process to dictate scratches and
misalign bearings. Also water washing is applicable for bathing heavy part like frame body to
remove rust and other.
Diesel washing is also important to clean ranges, impurities and oils on the engine components.
After inspection and cleaning the components then arrange to separate the damage parts.

Figure 6disassembling of engine

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Parts of the engine

Generally we know that Engine has three main parts or components which are cylinder block,
cylinder head and oil pan. Each component contains sub components. (.GUPTA, june 6/ 2004)

Cylinder head: - A cover attached to the open end of the cylinder to form a combustion
chamber. It houses inlet valve/s, exhaust valve/s and a fuel injector for each cylinder. The joining
surface of a cylinder and head are sealed using a cylinder head gasket.

Figure 7cylinder head

Piston: - A piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder.
Moves up and down in the cylinder liner and is sealed by piston rings. It is connected to the
connecting rod by a dudgeon pin.

Piston Connecting rod

Figure 8piston with connecting rod

Piston rings: - During the combustion process prevent the escape of high pressure gas past the
piston and assist in sliding friction to a minimum. Piston rings provide a sliding seal between the
outer edge of the piston and the inner edge of the cylinder. The rings serve two purposes:

13
  They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber from leaking
into the sump during compression and combustion. They keep oil in the sump from
leaking into the combustion area, where it would be burned and lost.

Cylinder and cylinder block: - Cylinder is hollow tube, which guides the piston and forms the
combustion chamber together with the cylinder head and the piston. Cylinder block is a block,
which contains the combination of piston, cylinder and water jacket. Cylinder are the heart of the
engine where the process of the combustion takes place.

Cylinder

Cylinder block

cy

Figure 9cylinder and cylinder block

Fuel injection Pump: Can be a multi element type driven by a chain or gears from the crankshaft
or camshaft. Each element is connected to a fuel injector.

Figure 10Injection pump

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Connecting rod: - It is used to transfer the sliding force of the piston to the crankshaft. The
connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. It can rotate at both ends so that its angle can
change as the piston moves and the crankshaft rotates.

Crank shaft: - It is used to convert the reciprocating action of the piston in to the rotary motion
and force. It is attached to the bottom of the block by main bearings.

Figure 11crank shaft

Cam shaft: - Cam shaft is used to transmit rotation from the crankshaft to the rocker arm. This
rocker arm is used to open and close valves. Camshaft is chain or gear driven from the crankshaft
and does one revolution for every two revolutions of the crankshaft.

Fly wheel: - flywheel is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy.
Flywheel has significant moment of inertia and thus resists changes in rotational speed. Start the
engine by using starter gear

Figure 12fly wheel

Lubricating oil pump: - is driven off the engine and supplies oil to all parts of the engine
requiring lubrication.

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Intake Manifold: - valve opens is attached to the other side of the cylinder head and allows air
into the cylinder when the inlet valve opens.

Exhaust Manifold: - Is attached to one side of the cylinder head and allows for the passage of gas
from all cylinders to the exhaust system.

Gear box inspection

Gear box is a mechanical way to transfer energy from one device to another and is used to increase
torque while reducing speed. A tractor gear box is almost all sliding gear box. Sliding gear box
usually break the gear teeth because they induce more friction. Changing and inspection of gear
box is also the other operation on maintenance section.

Gear box allows the following functions:-

 To increase the engine torque or reduce torque

 To enable a free-wheel or neutral position
 To be able to reverse motion.
Maintenance and inspection of gear box requires some steps:-

 Cleaning of the vehicle around the gear box

 Inspect the gear box
 Disassembly gear box and placed the component in order
 Washing and cleaning all components.
 Using manual assembly gear box.
The main maintenance occur in the gear box is changing gears, bearing, shafts and other parts

2.3.4 Pump factory

Under this factory section assembling, inspection, checking and maintenance of centrifugal pump
is done. The pump components are imported from Italy. The main parts of the centrifugal pump
are bed, axle, tire, motor and centrifugal pump. Most of this pumps are applicable in sugar factory
industries and farmers, there are different powers and heads according the motor.

16
 Figure 13pump factory

2.4 Methods and procedures while working

2.4.1 Work flow under Tractor factory Section
The mechanical system used in the tractor factory to move parts of tractors assembled from place
to place are; overhead crane, fork lift, conveyers, and rollers. There are two rows which assembly
different power tractor in each row and in the two sides there are accessory parts like bolt and nuts
there are ten stations in which different parts of tractors are assembled. In each station there are at
least four workers depending on the amount of work in station. Components of tractors that will
be assembling under these operations (stations) are as follows; (E.Sorokin, 1967)

Station One

Engine, Transmission, Connector, Front axle, Hinge plate, Bracket axis and Intermediate plates
are assembled under this station. The accessory parts like bolt and nut also located at the right
side of the station.

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 Station Two

Under this station Clutch steering with their component like clutch pedal, spring bracket clutch
tie and sliding sleeve, brake steering system with their parts like sliding sleeve, spring hatch,
right brake pedal, left brake pedal, right tie, bracket, spring, bumper and tensioning screw and
reverse controls are assembling. All the component is placed on the right side of the station.

Station Three

Under this station, Hydraulic system such as distributors, sucking filter, distributor brackets,
pump, filter hose, Distributor fast coupling hose, and the like are assemble.

Station Four

Components will be assembling in the fourth operations are; Installations of pneumatic systems
with its component like cylinder vessel, base of cylinder, pneumatic cables ⌀ 10mm, support of
fastening the cylinder, fastening of quick connector, brake valve bracket, trailer control, coupling
head, shut off cock and clamping ring. The other operation are shafts assembling.

Station Five

Assembling of fuel systems with its component valve fuel tank hose, over flow hose and over
flow connector hose. The other operation is assembling fuel tank and bracket with its component
tank cover, fuel tank, rear band, front band and fuel level sensor. Other operation are assembling
cooling system with its components hood plate (battery seat), radiator (cooler set), holder bases,
lock mount base, lock bonnet, introducer golder, lock tie, gasket, cooler gasket, lower cooler
hose with clamp and upper cooler hose. All the component are placed in the right side of the
station.

Station Six

Power takes off shaft (PTO) control speed change like lever control of speed PTO with knob, tie
rod control PTO, sleeve, distance sleeve and fork with lock assembling are occur under this
station. The other operation in this station is assembling engine wires and electricity equipment
like disconnecting switch the battery, disconnecting the bracket, brake sensor and sound signal.

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 Station Seven

Parts will be assembling under this operations are; Transmission wire, Cab wires, Installations of
pneumatic systems, hand brake, distributor steering, steering systems, jack steering, meddle
cover assembly, fastening seal, Engine turn off steering, acceleration steering, side cover
assembly, wheel assembly, Cab fastening, Roof hoop, roof and mirror assembly, Differential
lock steering, and Gearbox knob are assembled.

Station Eight

Bones, Installations of the exhaust system, and Air intake systems are assembled under this
station.

Station Nine

Rear hitch and three point linkages are assembled.

Station Ten

Steeps, Front fenders, Battery and cover plates are assembled. After finishing tractor body
assembly at all, technician has check all good assembling condition, missing components,
adjustments and torque according to the specifications. This check-up is important to avoid any
assembling and adjustment errors.

Table 1Tractors that are assembled at the company

Model Engine PTO type

Engine rated
Tractor total weight(without
power(HP)
operator) kg

Turbocharged diesel, 6
URSUS 18014A 177 540rpm 6950
cylinder

Turbocharged diesel, 4
URSUS 11014A 108 540rpm 3360
cylinder

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 Turbocharged diesel, 6
URSUS 14014A 138 540rpm 5439
cylinder

Direct injected diesel, 4

URSUS 8014A 83 540rpm 3003
cylinder

Diesel with four

TY-254 18 540rpm 1160
stroke,2&3cylinder

Diesel with four

TY-304 30 540rpm 1320
stroke,2&3cylinder

Diesel with four strok,4

TY-404 40 540rpm 2120
cylinder

Diesel with four stroke,4

SWT-804 80 540rpm 3190
cylinder

SWT-1004 100 540rpm 3200

Diesel with four stroke, direct
injection

CHERY RS1304 127 540rpm 3150

Diesel with four stroke, direct
injection.

Diesel with four

CHERY RM804 79 540rpm 3200
stroke,4cylinder

2.4.2 Work flow under implement factory section

The mechanical machine which used to transport the components and assembling process of
above products from place to place are fork lift, overhead and trailers applicable. Under this
factory also they have five station, and at least three workers at each section. In each station all

20
the necessary components are available placed in Kasen form. Assembling of each component of
the pump and operations at every station are listed as follows:-

Station one

Under this station hub assembling right and lift, towing bar with supporter (temony), tyre
assembling right and lift and engine assembling to chassis activates are finalized. Then transfer
to the next station.

Station two

Fly wheel cover assembling, rubber dumper with coupling assembling, pump assembling and
coupling cover assembling operations are occur under this station.

Station three

Under this station assembling of motor to chassis and assembling of pump stand are occur. The
motor is placed on the chassis using crane found in the fixed form under this station.

Station four

Flange assembling, control panel assembling with cable and oil filing engine and pump are done
under this station.

Station five

Under this station inspection, checking and maintenance operations are done. Any maintenance
of pump is takes place under this station. After finalized check-up and all the operation then
transfer to store.

2.5 Technical tasks/product

2.5.1 Work Task We Have Been Executing In Assembling Section
We have been executing various duties assigned by our factory supervisor. From those tasks
listed below:

 Assembling of cooling system, engine, transmission and almost all the components of
tractors using manuals.

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  Arranging of wrenches in their place after use.
 Arrange the components in its station.
Mechanical methods

 Arrange the tools and components of tractor in order.

 Proper use of tools.
 Use manual properly.
Mechanical tools

 Open ended, box ended, combination, adjustable, Allen, socket, 4 way lug and other
wrenches.
 Grinder
 Hammer
 Pliers
 Screw driver
 Wire cutter etc.

2.5.2 Work task we have been executing manufacturing section

We have been executing various duties in the implement section assigned by our factory
supervisor. From those tasks listed below:

 Assembling of disc harrow and disc plough using manuals.

 Arranging of tools in their place after use.
 Carrying the frame in each station.
 Arrange the component in sequence.
 Modifying and maintenance of disc harrow and disc plough.
Mechanical methods

 Arrange the tools and components of disc harrow and disc plough in order.
 Proper use of tools.
 Use manual properly.

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Mechanical tools

 Open ended, box ended, combination, adjustable, socket and other wrenches.
 Wrench pipe
 Vice grips
 Vice bench and punch
 Grinder
 Hammer

2.5.3 Work task we have been executing pump factory

We have been executing various duties assigned by our pump factory section supervisor. From
those tasks listed below:

 Assembling of different centrifugal pump with their motors using manuals.

 Assembly chassis with tier and axle.
 Connect the pump with the motor placed on the chassis.
 Write the order in a piece of paper.
 Filling the diesel and oil for the motor
 Cleaning and washing the pump in maintenance shop.
Mechanical methods

 Arrange the tools and components of the pump in sequence.

 Proper use of tools after and before use.
 Use manual properly.

Mechanical tools

 Open ended, box ended, combination, adjustable, Allen, socket set, 4 way lug and other
wrenches.
 Vice bench
 Screw driver flat and Philips
 Pliers and hammer

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2.6 Mechanical systems and tools used
We used overhead crane and fork lifts.
Overhead crane is used to lift and move the loads, mainly the heavy raw materials from place to
place in the production hall. The overhead crane rolls from end to end of the production hall.
Fork lift is a vehicle that carries heavy loads from out to inside the production hall. It transports
the raw materials from container vehicle to the store and from the store to the production hall.

2.7 types of tractor

Figure 14ursus tractor (FREZEROW, 7,20-2009)

Figure 15cherry tractor

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Figure 16waking tractor

2.8 Part of tractor

Engine
Engine is the heart bit of tractor that means any power that a tractor requires for its functioning is
obtained from engine. Tractors use diesel (compression ignition) engine. Different models of
tractors have different engines in term of their number of cylinder. The more the number of
cylinder of the engine, the powerful will be the engine. For example, China walking Tractor with
two cylinder engine has 8 HP, China 404 model with four cylinder engine has 40 HP, Belarus 1025
model with four cylinder engine has 105 HP and Belarus 1221 model with six cylinder engine has
130 HP. Clutch housing is attached to engine and appears as components with engine.
Steering power cylinder
Unlike the old model of Belarus tractors which are semi- hydraulically steered, the new models
are steered purely by hydraulic system. This steering power cylinder is mounted on the front axle.
It is operated by the pressurized oil that is supplied from hydraulic tank. The cylinder has hoses
on its two ends that bring oil. When the pressurized oil is supplied to one side of the piston by
turning the steering wheel, the wheel front turns to the opposite side to which the oil is supplied.
This system simplifies the steering system of the tractors.

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Transmission
Transmission comprises components like gearbox, final drive and differential, implement
attachment mechanisms and power take off system.
The main function of gear box is to reduce the speed of the crank shaft to suitable speed of drive.
There are three parallel shafts that carry different gears. The drive gear shaft receives power from
the crankshaft and transmits to the main shaft. The main shaft gets the power it receives from the
drive shaft and transmits to differential. The third shaft is the reverse gear shaft which is used to
reverse the direction of motion of the system. The drive gears are meshed with the gears which are
fixed on the main shaft and the reverse gear shaft to select different speed and directions.
PTO system consists of a shaft called PTO shaft that receives power from engine and transmits to
the attached implement. It can also be used for driving stationary machines like mill sand crushers.
PTO system can be operated depending on either the engine rpm like in case of mills and crushers
or travelling speed of the tractor like in case of seed drilling and fertilizer application implements
where the PTO shaft has to run proportionally with the speed of the tractor.
Power cylinder (Hydro cylinder)
As has been discussed before, implements that are mounted to the rear of tractors, for example;
ploughs harrows, furrowers, etc. they raised and fallen by implement attachment mechanism.
These mechanisms are operated by the aid of power cylinder which works hydraulically by the oil
it gets from the hydraulic tank. The mechanism is directly controlled by the operator mechanically
with a lever.
Radiator
Radiator is the component of engine that cools the engine cooling water. It has fins that increases
it contact surface area with air so that it cools the hot water that enters into it from engine. There
is water pump that circulates water between engine and radiator. The cooled water leaves the
radiator through the out let and pumped into the engine. In this way, radiator cools down water
temperature by dissipating its heat to air through its tubular walls
Propeller Shaft
This shaft is used to transfer the drive from the differential to front wheel. This is to equalize the
rotational speed of the four wheels under normal condition. Unless the speed of the four wheels is
equal, slippage of the slower wheel occurs.

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Front axle
Like rear axle the front axle has also gears that are used to change the direction of motion of the
systems by 90o. The gear in the front axle receives motion through the propeller shaft. In this axle
the motion is changed through 90o so that the front wheel moves forward.
Air bottle
Air bottle is a container that is used for storing compressed air. The air is compressed by air
compressor that is attached to engine and connected to inlet manifold of the engine the compressor
is driven by the power it gets from engine through camshaft. The compressed air is used for
different purposes like: - filling tire, braking trailers etc.
Front weight plates
Tractor is employed for many applications. Some operations like tillage and harrowing affects the
balance of the tractor. In order to balance the tractor and ensure its stability front weight plates are
loaded at the front of the tractor on a bracket which is attached to the semi frame. The quantity of
this weight depends on the horse power of the tractor, for example for Belarus 1025 model whose
horse power is 105, the front weight comprises two cock weight plates which are 40kg each and
six additional weight plates of 45 kg each. That means about 350kg of weight is attached to the
front of the tractor.
Semi frame
Semi- frame is the component on which engine is tied. By itself the semi frame is assembled to
the front axle. On one end it is tied to the clutch housing which is found on the engine as a unit.
Semi frame is the skeleton of the tractor because it bears many components like front axle, front
weight, radiator and engine
Cab
Cab is the part of tractor that is made to serve as sun and rain as well as dust protector for the
operator. On modern model, it is very sophisticated in a way that is not inferior to other vehicles.
The operator sits in the cab and does the operation.
Battery
Battery is an electrical system component of tractor that is used to start the engine. Tractors use
double six volt lead acid battery.

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Dash board
The operator controls every condition of the tractor by sitting in the cab. This is possible because
he can get any information about the systems by reading the gauges on the dash board. Dash board
is the component that shows the readings that are sensed in different operating parts of the tractor.
There are two Temperature gauges on the dash board. They are engine temperature gauge and oil
temperature gauge. There is also pressure gauge that indicates the oil pressure in lubricating
system. The other pressure gauge reads torque amplifier. The ammeter on the dash board shows
the charging current. So dash board shows all the conditions of the tractor to the operator so that
the operator monitors any problem and takes the appropriate measure.

2.9 The challenges we have been faced during the internship

During internship program period we have faced some challenges. Those challenges lead us to
take large care while performing our work. It also introduced us to take carful measures after
challenges faced. Some of the main challenges are listed below:

 Adapting the workers and the compound when introduce the company.
 The security of the company did not know us for several days because of this we are
faced some obstacle in entering and leaving the company.
 Some sections and heads of the company did not know us through all that time and lack
because of this they are not interested to give any information.
 Lack of team work for some days
 There is no internet access to download useful books and guides for our project and to
send our monthly report to our mentor.
 They are not interested to give us manuals /documents of the machines.
 Lack of safety materials in some workshops.
 In some workshops they have not given us a wrench because they are not consider as the
member of the company.
 The company has no pocket money and other benefits to the students like work clothes
and soap for cleaning of our work clothes.

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2.9.1 Measures taken to overcome the challenges
We have taken some measures to overcome the challenges or problems that we have been facing
during our internship period.

 Through time it is obvious that relations are made between workers and internship
students, because they discuss and helping each other for problem solving issues.
 External linkage department inform to the security they allow us to entering and leaving.
 We try to inform to the company director, then they transfer our names to the workshop
heads.
 We try to make our own team after some days.
 We used public internet service from our pocket money and we also used.
 We borrowed safety material from other workers.
 We solve the problem by asking the officials of the company repeatedly
 We used the cleaning materials from our pocket.
 Generally, we tried to report the challenges and we get fruitful response from the
company.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3. OVERALL BENEFIT GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP

The internship time has been the most educating and challengeable time we believe that every
internship had their own expectation about working in actual industries. During the past four
months internship period there are lots of benefits that we gain and also we are practicing how to
relate the course which we learned for the past years in class to the outside world activity that
related to our profession. In addition to this we understood much theoretical knowledge some of
that are difficult to understand in class if not performed practically. In this internship program we
have gained benefits which helped us to upgrade our skills, qualities and abilities since it is our
first practical experience everything done was new and interesting to us.

Generally the benefit of the internship can be deal with from different perspectives. This are in
improving practical and theoretical skills, interpersonal communicating skills, problem solving
capability, improving leadership, team playing skills and work ethics.

3.1 Objectives of the Internship

3.1.1 General Objective

The objective of the internship course is to facilitate reflection on experiences obtained in the
internship and to enhance understanding of academic materials by application in the internship
setting. Internships will provide students the opportunity to test their interest in a particular
career before permanent commitments are made.

3.1.2 Specific objective

 Internship students will develop skills and techniques directly applicable to their
careers.
 Internships will provide students the opportunity to develop attitudes conducive
to effective interpersonal relationships
 Internships will provide students with an in-depth knowledge of the formal
functional activities of a participating organization.
 Internship programs will enhance advancement possibilities of graduates.

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3.2 Knowledge and Acquaintances Acquired
3.2.1 In terms of improving practical skill:
The internship program was very important opportunity to upgrading our practical skills. We
change the academic knowledge totally to practical work. In our university we observed some lab
tests that helped us to remember the class lessons for this program to done in outside world so due
to this, some activity that performed on the shop was easily understood by asking different
questions. In our stay in this company we have improved our practical skills in terms of digging
out the problem that the company faced.

Generally in this internship program we get the following practical skills:-

 We can improve how to use wrenches.

 We can improve assembling of tractor components in each station.
 We can improve disassembling and assembling tractor engine.
 We know how can inspecting the finalized tractor.
 We can inspect problems around gearbox, transfer and differential, and come up with a
solution easily.
 We know how changing of gear box gear, pressure plate, hydraulic pump and how to
assembly the machine element in there appropriate place.
 We can assembly disc plough and disc harrow.
 We improve and upgrade how to welding, grinding and drilling operations.
 We can assembly, inspecting and checking centrifugal pump.

3.2.2. In terms of up grading theoretical knowledge

In order to upgrading our theoretical knowledge that we must communicate with advanced
engineers in the company and possess on the field of industrial engineering, this four month
internship program help us by providing brand new ideas that are proven to be quite helpful when
it comes to solve practical problems. Thanks to this program we are upgrade our theoretical
knowledge what we have learned in the past years, among these

 About all the machine elements like gear, pulley, sprocket, shafts, key and coupling, belts
etc.

31
  About IC engine and their components like piston, crank shaft, cam shaft, cylinder,
cylinder block etc.
 About all IC engine systems like cooling system, lubricating system and fuel systems.
 Motor vehicle components and their system like chassis, tire, axle etc. and breaking
system, steering system and hydraulic system.
 About all the centrifugal pumps and their components.
 About fastening and joints like bolt, nut, rivet and welding.
 About hydraulic system and pneumatic system.

3.2.3. In terms of improving interpersonal communication skill

When we are in the company or outside the company, communication was the important way of
gaining knowledge or skills. The success of the any industrial work is depending on the worker
relation and their communication skills. During our internship program period we have improved
our communication skill by communicating with different workers on shop from high level
employee up to daily labour. Any worker in the company is good relation with as because of this
we are improve our communication skills and good chance to ask any unclear question. To know
more technical knowledge, we were must listen and respect skilled and unskilled labours. Without
improve interpersonal communication skill we all did not gain and received any information and
knowledge.

Generally, we have improved our communication skill by:-

 Close as a friendship relation

 Most of the workers have practical knowledge rather than the theoretical one that
makes a barrier between us. But through time we can solve our problem by sharing
ideas.
 Through working our project, we were having a deep connection with the company`s
supervisor, our mentors and coworkers.

3.2.4. In terms of improving team playing skills

Team playing skills is the back bone for any company. Great national and international projects
never come true as one-man work. And nothing different from this was what we came across at
AAMI Company. All projects were being done in teams. Working in a company with a major trend

32
of team work, we were able to develop ourselves more in terms of team playing skills. Our
internship experience helped us improve our team-playing qualities as all the tasks given had
required teamwork and we could get it sorted through developing team spirit.

For the proper functioning of a team, each member must be aware of its mission, vision, behaviour,
working style, and goal. They must personally and organizationally dedicate to the team. Team
members must believe in one another and must be ready to work hand to hand in both adverse and
favourable situation. Generally, when improve team playing skills good communication, fast
decision making and self-confidence is developed and profitable work. In our project, team playing
skill is helpful to gain good knowledge and experience.

3.2.5. In terms of improving leader ship skills

Leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a vision or set of goals.
The internship is an important occasion to practice the assets of leadership. Problems in a given
work can arise from different directions in different period of time in order to solve this problem
a good leader must be needed. A good and effective leadership must have confidence, effective
communication skill and devotion is very important. In doing our project, we were able to
improve our self-confidence as we had the willingness and inspiration to face any difficulty in
the project. The project helped us grow emotionally and learn from failure and success.

Leadership skills that we gained from this internship program were:-

 The ability to transfer work orders, it helps to control the work flow and make works to
be done at the desired period of time.
 How the workers accept their work orders and how control the workers.
 The ability to inspire and motivate other workers-this increase the worker to do their
activity effectively and quickly.
 How to face the risk and mange it.
 Respect and listen others opinions and needs. Accepting others peoples’ opinion will help
in gaining knowledge and improve their experience.
 How to decide around a management carrier and intended to do large projects.

33
Generally, the internship had helped us grasp leadership skills such as self-confidence,
accountability and fair assignation of tasks among group members.
3.2.6. In terms of understanding about work ethics issues, industrial psychology and
related issues

The measure of the performance of any employee of any profession mainly depends on his/her
compliance to the work ethics. Ethical conduct of workers is very important for developing
healthy working environment and increasing productivity. Without having a good, right attitude
and ethics we will not fulfill our goals.
Work ethics were the most significant lesson we got from the internship. In the internship period,
we experienced the essences of both universal and job-specific ethical standards.
Generally, having a good work ethics is making good attitude and finishing their work on time
people like to be around someone who is positive and in turn helping them have a better working
environment. During this program we improve the following work ethics.
Work ethics:
 creates a smooth interaction among individuals and peaceful coexistence of the society

 develop healthy working environment and friendly relationship increase productivity

 Punctuality

 Reliability

 Accountability

 Honesty

 Responsibility

 Cooperation

 Anti- corruption

 Tolerance

 Respecting each other.

Some of the methods to develop strong work ethics are:-

34
  Arrive to work on time
 Eliminate or reduce absence
 Respect yourself and others, without regarding their religion, race, language and customs.
 Put a positive spin on negative comments, cause a positive attitude is crucial to have a
strong work ethics and bring a fresh perspective to problems at work.
 Be confident and self- motivated in your ability to handle job responsibility.
Generally, we are gain more things about work ethics which is helpful for as in the future
working condition.
3.2.7. In terms of entrepreneurship skills

An entrepreneur is a positive thinker who can see solutions from surrounding cloud of problems
or a surplus of resources unseen by others. The AAMI working environment had been a good
starting place to enhance our entrepreneur capabilities. Indeed, we learned a lot on improving
critical thinking and problem-solving skills. From entrepreneur principle we notice the following
points:-

 If you have not money and talent, but you are an educated/you have profession, you can
also make a business specially this is related to us. As we know, our country is one of the
developing countries in our entire planet earth. Therefore, we have a chance to create a
lot of things by using our resources. For instance, after finishing our internship project.
 How can change yourself if you haven’t enough money in the outside world.
 How to compute in the market and success yourself in the world.

Finally, we can say that from this internship period in addition to formal academic knowledge, we
were able to gain general purpose life experiences in other aspects. These experiences are
unforgettable and we believe that it shaped our personality and behaviour a lot.
3.2.8. In terms of improving industrial problem solving capability

The internships give us available importance how industrial problems can be solved based on the
theoretical and practical knowledge. In spending our internship in AAMI we are improve our
problem solving capability and how to collect information by visualizing the working
environment.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1. Conclusion
In class lessons we have taken different mechanical, electrical, and even and other courses such as
civics and ethical education. But before internship program the meaning of these courses were in
papers and it got our wondering where we are going to use all the lessons? How? Why? And all
these questions have gotten an answer after the internship program. We call this period was just a
software that translate the theoretical knowledge into practical knowledge.
It thought our how to get along with a coworker, social life among with peoples whom are not in
we classes. It was a wild journey at the beginning, it had up and downs, and everything wasn’t all
comfy bed. And the one thing we learned the most was to get our self-adjust with the situation.
We are not going to lie, since it was our first ever experience closer to an employee, we struggled
to get used to we had to wake up every morning and get there on time, show respect to staff
members, swallowing our pride even at times we were right. But what we have learned were just
because we are right doesn’t mean we get to show it off, everything has a time and place.
Being a student is easy, but working and having a job is part of life. And this internship gave our
taste of that life.
If we have to put what were our strengths and weaknesses they would be as follows in the table
below.
Table 2 strength and weakness of our group

Strengths Weakness
We were punctual at each and every moment. We got on the anger mood easily if we miss
Something.
We give attention to the work and Fast Sometimes we forgot our safety when we do
response if needed. new interesting thing like fitting some systems
around the engine.
We learn quickly. If we got Question at any moment we will ask
any employee that works at that place suddenly
and sometimes we couldn’t get same responses

36
 for one same questions and it makes me
confused.
Give a great care in our self-hygiene, so we
wouldn’t distract workers during a job.

We get the best communication skills with

other internship fellow members and co-
workers.

This internship showed our weakness and strengths. Now we know areas we should improve. And
for future professional we expect nothing but more of this. By the time we start a job we are not
going to start from the begging because we already had a 4 month experience, it will be a build up
from this. For future job interviews we learned what kind of particular characters we are going to
be asked, what they seek from we to take our as their employee. Thanks to this internship we will
be ready for it.
We have been involved in more than a few major works. We have worked in assembly, which the
main jobs in the industry. We also spend some time working in maintenance shop, learned more
about engines, we learned troubleshooting and finding a solution. We can’t say we are good at, 3
or 4 month wasn’t enough but it was a start. With this brief time we dictate the training objective is
met. This semester is the most important of all the others for a mechanical engineering student where
the student gates practical knowledge and at the same time theoretical science proves.

4.2. Recommendations
Great is expected from the company in collaboration with other concerned bodies to achieve the
goal of developing the agricultural technology of our country. Expansive and reforming works
should be done in order to make the country beneficiary of this long lived and only one of its
kind factory in terms of:-
Mechanization of agricultural sector.

Development of Automotive industry.

Bringing foreign currency, etc.

37
For realization of this, the company has to work on the way that can:-
Reduce the amount of raw materials that are imported.

Increase the demand of its product in domestic market.

Introduce its products in to foreign market.

storing the materials at a good place must be the big issue cause most of the raw materials and
the tractors are almost being a waste due to the place they were stored.
The amount of raw materials that are imported can be reduced by producing some simple parts
and items. For example, rubber materials like:- tires, floor finishing rubbers, mud and dust covers,
bushing, seals, vibration dampers, etc. and simple metallic materials and items like weight plate
and bracket, semi frame, side plate, fuel tank, air bottle, levers, pedals and the like can be produced
in the company or any other factory in our country. Some companies in Ethiopia have reached at
the stage where they are able manufacture items like gears, pulleys, bolts, nuts, washers, shaft and
so on. For example, Defense engineering is the one that could manufacture the above and other
important mechanical items. The cab of all models of tractors that are being produced can be
manufactured in the manufacturing section of the company.
These attempts lead the company toward the foundry technology that enables it to cast engine,
transmission, hydraulic, axles etc. This time the company will be able to produce a fully Ethiopian
tractor. It has also great role in promoting the foreign market of the products.

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 References
 GUPTA, R. (june 6/ 2004). Machine designe. New delhi: RAM NAGAR.
 Brochure. (1987). Nazareth tractor assembly. Adama: National metal works corporation.

 E.Sorokin, G. A. (1967). tractors. Moscow: Mir publishers.

 FREZEROW, U. (7,20-2009). URSUSES S.A. POLAND: Lublin.

 industry, d. o. (march 20/2019). internship report. adama: adama agricultural machinery

industry.

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