MATURITY CYCLE FETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPLMENT

OVARIAN CYCLE

I. Follicular Phase ( 5-14 days)

 Decrease estrogen and decrease progesterone level

 HYPOTHALAMUS commands ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND(APG) to release FOLLICLE
STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH)
 MULTIPLY and leave 1 MATURE FOLLICLE
 Graafian Follicle
 APG releases LUTEINIZING HORMONES (LH)
 ruptures GRAAFIAN FOLLICLES
 Ovum (ovulation)

II. Luteal Phase

 Graafian Follicle (Ovum)

 Corpus luteum
 Degeneration (decrease level of estrogen and progesterone)
 Corpus albicans
We should expect another cycles

ENDOMETRIAL CYCLE

I. Proliferation Phase

 Increase level of estrogen

 Proliferation

II. Secretory Phase

 Effect of corpus luteum
 increase level of progesterone
 further increase proliferation possiboe for implantation

III. Ischemic Phase (25-28 days)

IV. Menstrual Phase

 Thickened endometrial cells due to increase level of estrogen and progesterone

 Degeneration
 Effect is bleeding

MENSTRUATION
Fertilization

Indication of Ovulation:

1. A rise of body temperature around 0.5°-1.0° F

2. Cervical Mucus
 Abondant
 Watery
 Clear in color
 More alkaline
3. Cervical OS
 Slightly dilated
 Softens
 Raises in the vagina
4. Spinnbar Keit
-Egg white stretchiness of the cervical mucus
5. Ferning of palm leaf pattern
6. Mittleshmerz
- Unilateral lower abdominal pain

Condition for Fertilization:

1. Post - coital mucus

-Live, matile and normal sperm
2. Fallopian tube should be patent
3. Semen should be 2mL semen atleast 20 million sperm per mL it should be more than 60% are
normal and more than 80% are matile in in nature.

Implantation
1. Fertilization
- ampulla (outer third)
2. The zygote (fertalized ovum)
-takes 3-4 days to enter the uterus
3. It takes 7 days to complete the process of implantation

Fetal Development
1. Zygote
-12 - 14 days after fertalization
2. Embryo
-3 - 8 weeks after fertalization
3. Fetus
-9 weeks after fertalization

Week 1
-Lung buds appear
-Blood circulation begins
-Heart tubularbegins to beat
-Neural plate becomes brain and spinal cord

Week 5
-Double heart chambers are now visible
- Heart is beating
 - Limb buds begin to form
-Internal differences in the male and female

Week 8
-Eye lids begin to function
Circulation at the umbilical cord is now well established
-Every organ system is now present
-Differentiation of the external genitalia

Week 16
-Active movement is present
-Fetal skin is present
-Lanugo begin to develop
-Skeletal ossification occur

Week 20
-Lanugo covers the entire body
-Presence of nails
- Heart beat can be detected by regular fetoscope

Week 24
-Hair on the head part is well formed
-Skin is reddish and wrinkled
-Reflexed hand grasp is now functioning
-Vernix caseosa covers the entire body
-Fetus ability to hear

Week 28
-Eye lids open and close
- Lungs develop and gas exchange is now possible

Week 32
-Bones fully developed
-Subcutaneous fat has collected
-Lecithin and sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio is 2:1

Week 36
-Skin pink in color
- Body is rounded
-Lanugo start to disappear
-L/S >2:1
-Testes descended at the scrotal sac

Week 40
-Fetus is 40 cm in length
-Skin is pinkish and smooth
-Vernix caseosa decreases
-Testes in the scrotal sac
-Labia majora is now well developed