Criterion C

What is collision theory and how is it useful?

● The collision theory helps us understand what is happening at the atomic
level when reacting particles collide.
There are 3 main factors to occur:
1. Particles must collide with each other
2. The particles that are colliding should have the correct orientation
at the time of the collision
3. The particles should have the minimum kinetic energy required to
start a rxn
● The net movement of matter happens all the time. Every second of the
day, particles collide all around us, but only a small percentage of these
collisions succeed in a chemical reaction. Most collisions occur in particles
gently bouncing off each other, causing a change in direction. In order to
succeed with the chemical rxn, the 3 factors should be completed

What is Activation Energy?

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy colliding particles
need for a collision to be successful, and for a rxn to occur. The amount
of activation energy required for a reaction to move specifies how
spontaneous or random that reaction is for a given set of situations. So
basically Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that is
required to activate particles to a situation in which they can experience
a chemical change.
Criterion D

Q1.
An insulated lid can be placed on the top of the coffee cup to increase the
amount of insulation surrounding the coffee cup.

Q2.
It is exothermic due to the increase in temperature

Q3.
T F -T i= Δ T
Δ T =52.4-22.0
Δ T =30.4°C

Q4.
Q= mc Δ T =
Q= 0.0576 x 4200 x 30.4
Q= 7354.368 J

Q5.
Criterion D

the answer is underestimate of the heat given by this reaction because the heat
will be lost to the surroundings due to the lack of insulation from the beginning
of the rxn.

Q1.
a) 2.5x105 x 1000= 250000000 kg
b) 298-273= 25°C
c) 0.098 ÷ 1000= 9.8x10−5 J
d) 45 + 273= 318 k
Q2.
Q = mc Δ T = (4÷ 1000) (900) (20) = 72J

Q3
Δ T =Q÷ mc = 5.425x103÷ 0.250 × 140 = 155 K
Δ T = T F -T i
155°C = T F – 10°C
155+10
T F =165°C
Q4.
c = Q÷ mc Δ T
c = 1251.2÷ 0.02 x (161 – 25)
Criterion D

c = 460 J Kg−1 K −1