GUIA DE APRENDIZAJE 15

EVIDENCIA 5 SUMMARY “EXPÒRT – IMPORT THEORY”

APRENDIZ

MARIA ANGELICA MEDINA MONTES

TECNOLOGO EN GESTION LOGISTICA

FICHA 2282102

INSTRUCTOR

ANTONIO RECUERO R

CENTRO INDUSTRIAL DEL DISEÑO Y LA MANUFACTURA

FLORIDABLANCA SANTANDER

SERVICIO NACIONAL DE APRENDIZAJE SENA

2022
 ¡Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability,
and other important considerations. Each form of business organization has
its own advantages and disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select
the one that best fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a task that requires
accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice of a
competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No
separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate

lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
 to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y

escriba su respectivo significado en inglés.
 VOCABULARIO SIGNIFACADO
EXPENSIVE COSTING A LOT OF MONEY
AIMS To attempt or intend to reach a certain
goal. "I aim to finish this project in a
week or less." A specific goal or
purpose.
EXPORTERS For customs purposes, the party who
makes (or on whose behalf an agent or
broker makes) the export declaration.
The exporter sells its goods to
someone in another country, known as
the importer
PRIVATE SECTOR The part of national economy made up
of private enterprises. It includes the
personal sector (households) and
corporate sector (companies), and is
responsible for allocating most of the
resources within an economy. See
also public sector.
LIQUIDATION It is when customs, an authority or
agency in a country responsible for
collecting and safeguarding customs
duties, determines the final
computation or ascertainment of the
duties or drawback accruing on an
entry
DUTY RATES A duty rate typically refers to the
amount of money owed to the customs
collectors for each unit of imported
goods, such as dollars per pound of
fruit, or per hundred tires, or per unit
LOSS A negative difference between retail
price and cost of production.

DENIED Word used when a process is refuse

NEGOCIATION Bargaining (give and take) process
between two or more parties (each
with its own aims, needs, and
viewpoints) seeking to discover a
common ground and reach an
agreement to settle a matter of mutual
concern or resolve a conflict. Noun
form of the verb negotiate
BUSINES The activity of buying and selling
 goods and services
skills An ability to do an activity or job
well ,especially because you have
practiced
advantages A condition giving a greater chance of
success.
sole Being one only
Income Money that

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor y, lea
el material complementario “Identifyingthemain idea” para conocer cómo se
puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

MAIN IDEAS

The director controls all export and import operations

The are different forms of commercial organizations

The individual companies are governmental

How to carry out a business

The individual owners have a lower rate than the tax rate

The sole proprietors are simple and low in costs

The owners are responsible for their business

The owners are in charge of making all the decisions

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas
principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

The director controls all export and The director controlling all export and
import operations. import operations
There” s are different forms of .there s are differenting forms of
commercial organizations commercial organizations
The individual companies are The individual companying are
governmental governmental
How to carry out a business How to carriesing out a business
The individual owners have a lower The individual owners having a lower
rate than the tax rate rate than the tax rate
The sole proprietors are simple and The sole proprietors are simple and
lows in costs low in costing
The owners are in charges of make all The owners are in charge of making all
the decisions the decisions.

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15líneas.

How to carry out an export and import business , in different forms of comercial
organizations since the director controls all export and import operations , where
the sole proprietors are simple and low in cost and make all the decisions in
front of the business. Individual companies are governmental and have a lower
rate than the tax rate, thus carrying the responsibility of the business.
Knowing well that each legal form in which the company has its legal bases will
apply different processes why you should know what you should apply to have
greater knowledge and not have legal consequences in the environment even
with a single administrator or boss immediately co- author all the legal health
and tax aspects for a better export or import in order to provide the company
with better quality and good recognition at the international level and to conquer
or reach large countries for its advertising and industry growth.