0 Final Technical Seminar Report

Adichunchanagiri University
BG Nagara-571418, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District, Karnataka, India
A Technical Seminar Report on
“INTERACTIVE CULTIVATION SYSTEM FOR FUTURE

IOT BASED AGRICULTURE”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
For the academic year 2021-2022
Submitted by:
Chethan Kumar S
18CSE015
Under the Guidence of: Coordinator:

Ms. Ancy Y Das Mrs. Namitha A R
Assistant Professor, Dept. of CS&E Assistant Professor, Dept. of CS&E
BGSIT, BG Nagar BGSIT, BG Nagar
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BGS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
BG NAGAR, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District-571448
2021-2022
ADICHUNCHANAGIRI UNIVERSITY
B G S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
BG Nagar-571448, MANDYA
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar entitled ― INTERACTIVE CULTIVATION SYSTEM

FOR THE FUTURE BASED IOT” is a bonafide work carried out by Mr CHETHAN
KUMAR S, bearing USN:18CSE015, the student of B G S INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY, B G Nagar in partial fulfillment of the semester work in 8 th semester,
Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering of Adichunchanagiri
University during the academic year 2021 – 2022.
Signature of Guide: Signature of Coordinator: Signature of HOD:
Ms. Ancy Y Das Mrs. Namitha A R Dr. Shashikala S V

Asst. Professor, Dept. of CS&E Asst. Professor, Dept. of CS&E Professor & HOD, Dept. of CS&E
BGSIT, B G Nagar BGSIT, B G Nagar BGSIT, B G Nagar
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to thank a lot of eminent personalities,

without whose constant encouragement, this endeavor of mine would not have become
a reality.
At first, I would like to thank the ACU, B G Nagara, for having this seminar as
part of its curriculum, which gave me a wonderful opportunity to work on my research
and presentation abilities and BGSIT for providing me with such excellent facilities,
without which, this seminar could not have acquired the shape it has now done.
My heartfelt gratitude to our honorable principal Dr. Narendra B K. B.G.S

Institute of Technology, for his constant support and encouragement.
I am greatly indebted to our HOD Dr Shashikala S.V, Professor & Head,

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for providing me with all the
facilities. necessary for making this seminar a great success.
I would like to thank, Mrs. Namitha A R, Asst. Prof., Technical Coordinator,

Dept. of CSE for his continuous support.
I would like to thank, Ms. Ancy Y Das, Asst. Prof., Dept. of CSE for his
continuous support, advice and guidance.
I am grateful to my parents, friends and well-wishers for their contribution on a

personal level.
Last but not the least my profound thanks to the Teaching staff and Non-Teaching
staff of the Department of Information Science and Engineering for their help and
patience.
CHETHAN KUMAR S
18CSE015
i
ABSTRACT
As initiatives to increase Japan’s declining food self-sufficiency rate and
revitalize the field of agriculture, the concept of smart agriculture and urban agriculture
are currently being implemented. Automation via artificial intelligence is expected to
overcome the labor shortage inthe agricultural industry. However, the number of skilled
farmers who can contribute to gathering crop growth data required for machine
learning is restricted, and these data are also limited to local and environmental-based
conditions. In this paper, we propose a system for obtaining composite growth data in
various environments and crops targeted for home gardens and paddy fields. An
interactive cultivation sensing system consisting of IOT-based technologiesis designed
and realized to ensure the continuous growth of crops in optimum conditions daily.
With this, progress will be made in determining the efficient cultivation conditions for
machine learning, and in finding solutions to future problems of agriculture.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page No.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF FIGURES iv
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2: RELATED WORK 2-3
2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 4
CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS 5-7
3.1 Existing System 5
3.1.1 Disadvantages 5
3.2 Proposed System 6
3.3 Advantages of Proposed system 7
3.4 Applications 9
CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 10-11
4.1 Hardware Configuration 8
4.2 Software Configuration 9
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 10-12
5.1 Interactive cultivation sensing system 12
5.2 Realization of interactive device 13
5.3 Overview of interactive cultivation sensing system 14

CONCLUSION 15
REFERENCES 16
iii
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig no. Figure Name Page no.

2.1 IOT Interactive Block Diagram 3
4.2 Proposed System 7
3.1 Interactive Cultivation Sensing System 8
3.2 Example of IOT Based Application 8
4.1 Basic iot agriculture based project setup 10
5.1 Interactive cultivation sensing system 12
5.2 Realization image of proposed device 13
5.3 Overview of interactive cultivation sensing system 14
iv
Interactive cultivation system for the future IOT-based agriculture 2021-2022
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
To promote agriculture as a further growth industry, the Japanese government has
devised the ―Policy Package for Enhancing Competitiveness of Japan’s Agriculture‖ in
November 2016. This policy incorporates the direction of new agricultural administration
reforms which includes decreasing agriculture input costs, strategically exploring international
markets and reinforcing human resources. Despite the initiatives taken by the government,
modern agriculture in Japan still face limitations with the aging agricultural labor force and labor
shortages.
According to the latest data by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
(MAFF), the number of agricultural workers in 1995 is 4.14 million, and it has then decreased by
half to 2.1 million by 2015 . The average area of cultivated land per business unit has steadily
expanded from 1.6 hectares in 1995 to 2.5 hectares in 2015. It is possible to manage plant
cultivations in their optimum environmental conditions for both smart agriculture and urban
agriculture, provided that there would be some constraints. The actual number of skilled farmers
who can contribute to gathering plant growth data required for machine learning in AI is limited.
These plant growth data are also restricted to local and environmental-based conditions.
In this project, targeting home gardens and paddy fields, we propose and design a system for
acquiring composite growth data in various environments and crops. An interactive cultivation
sensing system is designed to ensure the continuous growth of crops daily. With this, progress
will be made in determining the efficient cultivation conditions for machine learning, and in
finding solutions to future problems of agriculture.
In this project, targeting home gardens and paddy fields, we propose and design a system
for acquiring composite growth data in various environments and crops. An interactive
cultivation sensing system is designed to ensure the continuous growth of crops daily. With this,
progress will be made in determining the efficient cultivation conditions for machine learning,
and in finding solutions to future problems of agriculture. In this project, targeting home gardens
and paddy fields, we propose and design a system for acquiring composite growth data in various
environments and crops.
Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 1

The system also provides basic remote function where users could control the watering
system, and the Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) via a web-based application. The analyzed data
are then gathered and displayed in the form of graphs, charts or figures for the user’s
understanding. A smart home garden irrigation system is developed, where all sensor devices are
connected to Raspberry Pi to obtain the data in paper . These data are then monitored and
analyzes. The watering activity is done using Android application as a Graphical User Interface
(GUI). At certain critical condition such as low water level, users will be notified by email
application. This proposed system has shown several advantages such as cost reduction,
wastewater reduction, and minimizing the physical interface of human.
An interactive cultivation sensing system is designed to ensure the continuous growth of
crops daily. With this, progress will be made in determining the efficient cultivation conditions
for machine learning, and in finding solutions to future problems ofagriculture.
An interactive cultivation sensing system is designed to ensure the continuous growth of

crops daily. With this, progress will be made in determining the efficient cultivation conditions
for machine learning, and in finding solutions to future problems of agriculture.
The obtained information is then transmitted wirelessly via ESP8266Wi-Fi module to a

website. Users can view the actual time values and reference values of various factors required
by crops. Besides that, users can also control water pumps and sprinklers through the website.
A prototype system of smart agriculture for Lingzhimush-room farms is designed and

developed in paper. The authors applied the use of an IoTdevice named Node MCU and Network
Platform for the Internet of Everything (NETPIE), a cloud-based platform as a service that assists
the interconnecting IoT devices together. Humidity data is collected and stored into a NET FEED
(a sub-service of NETPIE) and displayed on electronic devices via NET FREEBOARD
(another sub-service of NETPIE).
Currently, robots are developed with autonomous navigation and used in paddy fields for
weed growth suppression. A robot that utilizes a laser range finder for autonomous mobility, and
a robot arm for weed suppression is developed in paper. It travels along the rice rows without
damaging the rice plants in a paddy field. In paper, ―Paddy Weeding Robot‖ is proposed. It
functions by agitating the soil and creating an environment that makes weeds difficult to
photosynthesize, therefore inhibiting their growth. Nissan has also developed for cultivating
purpose.

CHAPTER 2
RELATED WORK
To the extent of our knowledge, there has not been a proposal for an interactive
cultivation sensing system via instant messaging applications. In this section, we explain in brief
some of the IoT automation systems which we used as a reference while creating and executing
our proposed system. In paper, a monitoring system for indoor vertical farming has been
designed and implemented. Sensors were used to gather data such as temperature and light
intensity and sentto Beagle Bone Black (BBB) microcontroller. Then, the data was processed
and uploaded to the Thing speak Cloud.
The system also provides basic remote function where users could control the watering
system, and the Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) via a web-based application. The analyzed data
are then gathered and displayed in the form of graphs, charts or figures for the user’s
understanding. A smart home garden irrigation system is developed, where all sensor devices are
connected to Raspberry Pi to obtain the data in paper . These data are then monitored and
analyzes. The watering activity is done using Android application as a Graphical User Interface
(GUI). At certain critical condition such as low water level, users will be notified by email
application. This proposed system has shown several advantages such as cost reduction,
wastewater reduction, and minimizing the physical interface of human.
The combination of IoT-based technologies with image processing techniques to build a

monitoring and control system for balcony gardens is proposed. All the sensor data are collected
via the sensor devices and sent to the Raspberry Pi. The data are then gathered and viewed
through a web application. Users would be notified if any of the sensor data retrieved go below a
preset threshold value. This proposed system also incorporated motion detection as a step to
prevent crops from being damaged by birds or people. A webcam is used for surveillance of the
balcony garden to provide a live update on the web application.
A monitoring system for indoor plants through an Android mobile application on the
integration of urban agriculture is developed in paper . The mobile application gives information
and updates such as light and water plant needs through the collection of data by microcontroller
unit sensors and other components. The analysis of the plant condition scan be determined and
known by the plant owners through a connection with the cloud.

The authors used ―Cayenne‖, third-party software, to communicate with the application
programming interface (API) of Arduino and relay any sensor data that the device would retrieve
from its sensors. Paper introduced a smartagriculture method where the efficient use of IoT for
traditional agriculture is demonstrated. It utilizes Arduino and ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to
monitor and control the smart irrigation system. This system consists of sensors such as pH
sensor, water flow sensor, temperature sensor andsoil moisture sensor collected by Arduino.
The obtained information is then transmitted wirelessly via ESP8266Wi-Fi module to a

website. Users can view the actual time values and reference values of various factors required
by crops. Besides that, users can also control water pumps and sprinklers through the website.
A prototype system of smart agriculture for Lingzhimush-room farms is designed and

developed in paper. The authors applied the use of an IoTdevice named Node MCU and Network
Platform for the Internet of Everything (NETPIE), a cloud-based platform as a service that assists
the interconnecting IoT devices together. Humidity data is collected and stored into a NET FEED
(a sub-service of NETPIE) and displayed on electronic devices via NET FREEBOARD
(another sub-service of NETPIE).
This cultivation kit is mounted with multiple sensors used to retrieves data which affects
the growth of crops. These data include water level, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pH
level, and carbon dioxide level. Images of the crops are also obtained using a camera. Both data
and images would then be analyzed to determine the degree of growth. The cultivation kit is
equipped with a network function, and sensor data is collected by the server. Based on sensor
data collected in various home gardens and other outdoor environments, machine learning can be
performed as big data, together with image data. Thus, it is possible to associate the growth
status of the crops with sensor information and by the crop earlier data which is stored in the
cloud.
Besides that, we also proposed an automatic control system for farm irrigations with
Paddy Drone, the robot is able to sense weather conditions and growth conditions of rice plant
via sensors. Data such as water depth would be retrieved to automate the opening and closing of
water gates wirelessly. Data and images taken would be analyzed and conveyed to farmers in
natural language for better understanding to their interactive cultivation purpose.

Fig 2.1: Interactive cultivation sensing system using IOT.
The proposed system can also automatically control the sprinkler, fog pumps, and the
functional status (alternating the on and off switches occasionally) through an instant messaging
application, namely LINE Application. In our proposed system, we combine the IoT-based
technologies, namely Raspberry Pi microcontroller, a camera module, and various sensors, to set
up an interactive cultivation sensing system for home gardens and paddy fields. We plan to
integrate image processing techniques and instant messaging applications in our proposed
system.
We proposed and integrated IoT-based technologies to create an interactive cultivation
sensing system to assist farmers in growing their crops in optimum condition and also overcome
the problem of the labor shortage. Currently, we have created an environment in which data such
as temperature, humidity and camera images can be obtained and uploaded to a server for
Kaiwalingual. Also, the function to convey the current temperature interactively using Line is
operated. For Paddy Drone, we have gained camera images of the surrounding environment of a
paddy field wirelessly and can be viewed through a smartphone. In the future, we will realize the
device. By adding different types of sensors, storing the data collected in a server, and
performing machine learning, the conditions of the radish sprouts and rice plants can be
estimated more accurately. More complex speech patterns would be generated .

2.1 Problem Statement
Japan has been relying heavily on food imports to support its people’s needs, and
currently is strongly urged to fully open its agricultural market and deregulate its agricultural
policies via negotiations with Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and
Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) . These actions could lead to the degradation of Japan’s
agricultural and rural economies, and hinder the future of Japanese food security.
Operations such as crop cultivations are often only managed by skilled workers as they
need long experience and instinct. Thus, a great deal of time and effort is required to guide new
farmers to master the know-how. To overcome these problems and to make agriculture a
progressive industry, MAFF has been gearing towards the idea of ―smart agriculture‖ . Smart
agriculture utilizes information communications technologies (ICTs) which incorporate Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IOT) to allow ultra-labor-saving and high-quality
production. Machinery manufacturers and ICT vendors are now working with farmers to actively
develop new technologies that can be used for smart agriculture.
By incorporating ICTs, it is expected that soil productivity would be improved, and

operations such as seed planting, weeding and harvesting would be done efficiently. Farm works
could also be recorded via cloud computing. Besides that, the limited resources such as land,
water, energy and labor in the fieldof agriculture have led to the increase of urban agriculture.
Thus, the Japanese government has formulated the Basic Plan for the Promotion of Urban
Agriculture in May 2016 to tackle the problems.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices for communicating machine to machine
(M2M) based on wired and wireless Internet. IoT in agriculture is a revolutionary technology that
can be applied to agricultural production year-round. The aim of this study is to summarize cases of
IoT being applied to agricultural automation in the agricultural sector and to discuss the limitations
and prospects for expanding the application of IoT technology in Korean nations from their citizens.
The average area of cultivated land per business unit has steadily expanded from 1.6 hectares
in 1995 to 2.5 hectares in 2015. It is possible to manage plant cultivations in their optimum
environmental conditions for both smart agriculture and urban agriculture, provided that there would
be some constraints. The actual number of skilled farmers who can contribute to gathering plant
growth data required for machine learning in AI is limited.

According to the latest data by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF),
the number of agricultural workers in 1995 is 4.14 million, and it has then decreased by half to 2.1
million by 2015. The average area of cultivated land per business unit has steadily expanded from
1.6 hectares in 1995 to 2.5 hectares in 2015. The average age of the population engaged in
agriculture in 2016 was 66.4 years and more than 60% were above the age of 65. Operations such as
crop cultivations are often only managed by skilled workers as they need long experience and
instinct. Thus, a great deal of time and effort is required to guide new farmers to master the know-
how.
To overcome these problems and to make agriculture a progressive industry, MAFF has been
gearing towards the idea of ―smart agriculture‖. Smart agriculture utilizes information
communications technologies (ICTs) which incorporate Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of
Things (IoT) to allow ultra-labor-saving and high-quality production. Machinery manufacturers and
ICT vendors are now working with farmers to actively develop new technologies that can be used
for smart agriculture. By incorporating ICTs, it is expected that soil productivity would be improved,
and operations such as seed planting, weeding and harvesting would be done efficiently. Farm works
could also be recorded via cloud systems.
A smart home garden irrigation system is developed, where all sensor devices are connected
to Raspberry Pi to obtain the data in paper. These data are then monitored and analyzes. The
watering activity is done using Android application as a Graphical User Interface (GUI). At certain
critical condition such as low water level, users will be notified by email application.
This cultivation kit is mounted with multiple sensors used to retrieves data which affects the
growth of crops. These data include water level, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pH level, and
carbon dioxide level. Images of the crops are also obtained using a camera and sensors. In addition,
the device has a built-in speaker, and it is possible to generate information such as lack of water,
high and low temperature, and growth status depending on the condition of crops. The data would be
presented in natural language instead of numerical values. Furthermore, by incorporating a
microphone, we aim to realize a system that responds more interactively to the farmer’s questions.

CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3.1 Existing System

Japan has been relying heavily on food imports to support its people’s needs, and
currently is strongly urged to fully open its agricultural market and deregulate its agricultural
policies via negotiations .These actions could lead to the degradation of Japan’s agricultural
and rural economies, and hinder the future of Japanese food security. Despite the initiatives
taken by the government, modern agriculture in Japan still face limitations with the aging
agricultural labor force and labor shortages.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices for communicating machine to

machine (M2M) based on wired and wireless Internet. IoT in agriculture is a revolutionary
technology that can be applied to agricultural production year-round. The aim of this study is
to summarize cases of IoT being applied to agricultural automation in the agricultural sector
and to discuss the limitations and prospects for expanding the application of IoT technology
in Korea.
3.1.1 DISADVANTAGES
 Labor force and labor shortages.
 Duration is more.
 Waste of time.
 IoT – smart farming continually requires internet connectivity.
 Lack of Infrastructure.
 High Cost.
 Lack of Security.
 lack of information.
 High adoption cost.

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

In targeting home gardens and paddy fields, we propose and design a system for
sensing system is designed to ensure the continuous growth of crops daily. We plan to integrate
image processing techniques and instant messaging applications in our proposed system.
Here,targeting home gardens and paddy fields, we propose and design a system for
sensing system is designed to ensure the continuous growth of crops daily. With this, progress
will be made in determining the efficient cultivation conditions for machine learning, and in
finding solutions to future problems of agriculture.
An Indian farmer can’t foresee and schedule farming activities under adverse climatic
conditions. There is, therefore, a desperate need for a program that could provide reliable and
precise information about the needs for crop cultivation. Below are the few ways IoT can shape
the future of the agri-tech sector.
 Soil Sensors:Soil sensors test essential soil components such as pH, acidity, salinity and critical
nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. This data is then transmitted to the
main controller which, through the drip irrigation technology, automates the process of
releasing critical fertilizers and soil conditioners.
 Water management :Technological advances such as drip irrigation have helped conserve
water, but more needs to be done to ensure that crops get plants when they need them most.
 Integrated Pest Management or Control (IPM / C) :Pests are the greatest enemy of farmers
and they kill their crops, so the farmer has to suffer losses or expend loads of money available
to save whatever is possible. IoT should play a major role in detecting the pests at the right time
to avoid this problem.
 Hydroponics and Aeroponics :IoT system has made possible the development of Hydroponics
and Aeroponics. These systems are made up of different sensors, pumps, mixers and humidity
controllers which send in a lot of data at regular intervals. All Hydroponic and Aeroponic
systems are fully automated and are connected via IoT.

Fig 4.2.1: Interactive cultivation Proposed System
3.3 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

 Ultra-labor saving.
 High quality production.
 Soil productivity will be improved.
 Operations such as seed planting, weeding and harvesting would be done efficiently.
 Farm works could also be recorded via cloud systems.
 Decreasing agriculture input costs.
 Strategically exploring international Markets.
 Save the time.
 Better crop productivity and improved worker safety.
 Connectivity Global through any app.
 Minimum human efforts.
 Faster Access
Fig 3.3.1: Example of IOT Based Application
The Figure Shows the example of IOT based tomato plucking machine which is using in the
agriculture land for plucking the good quality tomato. The essential feature of precision farming is a
crop monitoring apparatus. Similar to weather forecasting stations, these devices are installed in the
farm to collect data needed for farming, including soil temperature, leaf-water potential
precipitation, and overall crop production. Similar to crop monitoring, there are IoT system devices
that can be used to monitor the health of livestock and track their performance.
Large farm owners could use wireless sensors to gather data about the location and health of
their livestock, which can minimize labor costs such as ranchers to locate cattle. IoT devices may
warn farmers about certain disease-affected animals and isolate them from the herd, preventing
diseasespread.
Fig 3.3.2: Example of IOT Based Application

IoT enables easy collection and management of large amounts of data collected from
used sensors with the help of joining experimental distribution such as cloud storage, agricultural
field maps, and other details that can found anywhere and everywhere that enables live
monitoring and end-to-end connections.
Smart Farming IOT Based Agriculture Stick for Live Monitoring of Temperature and
Soil Moisture has been proposed using Node MCU Chip, Wifi Module, and various other
Hardware Devices. The stick has high efficiency and accuracy in fetching the live data of
temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. The IoT based Agriculture stick being developed
through this paper will help farmers in increasing the agriculture yield and take efficient care of
food production as the stick will always provide a helping hand to farmers for getting accurate
live feed of environmental temperature and soil moisture with accurate results. With the help of
these systems, various problems faced by farmers in daily life are being solved to a greater
extent.
Using the Internet of Things in agriculture is undeniably the smartest way to feed
humanity. But IoT promises even more. It's one of the few realistic ways to sustainably feed a
growing population. IoT enhances crop monitoring and produces crops on the maximum power
of implant. The impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) and connected devices in this modern-day
world is undeniable. Today it has reached almost everywhere, from home to the health sector,
smart cities, fitness, to the industrial sector.
IoT is considered an important part of clever farming because by accurately using

sensors and smart gadgets, farmers can increase production by 72% by the year 2050 as
described by experts. With the use of IoT creations, the costs can be reduced to a dramatic level
that will increase productivity and survival. With the use of Io efficiency, it will be greatly
increased until water, soil, fertilizer, pesticides, etc. are used. Here are some points:
 Efficiency:- IOT-enabled agriculture allows farmers to monitor their products and

conditions in realtime. They get insights fast, can predict issues before they happen, and
make informed decisions on how to avoid them. Additionally, IoT solutions in agriculture
introduce automation, for example, demand-based irrigation, fertilizing, and robot
harvesting.

 Expansion:- By the time we have 9 billion people on the planet, 70% of them will live in
urban areas. IoT-based greenhouses and hydroponic systems enable short food supply
chains and should be able to feed the people. Smart closed-cycle agricultural systems
allow growing food everywhere—in supermarkets, on skyscrapers' walls and rooftops, in
shipping containers, and, of course, in the comfort of everyone's home.
 Reduced resources:- Plenty of IoT solutions are focused on optimizing the use of
resources—water, energy, land. Precision farming using IoT relies on the data collected
from diverse sensors in the field which helps farmers accurately allocate just enough
resources within one plant.
 Clean process:- Not only do IOT-based systems for precision farming help producers
save water and energy and, thus, make farming greener, but also significantly scale down
on the use of pesticides and fertilizer. This approach allows getting a cleaner and more
organic final product compared to traditional agricultural methods.
 Agility:- One of the benefits of using IoT in agriculture is the increased agility of the
processes. Thanks to real-time monitoring and prediction systems, farmers can quickly
respond to any significant change in weather, humidity, air quality as well as the health of
each crop or soil in the field. In the conditions of extreme weather changes, new
capabilities help agriculture professionals save the crops.
 Improved product quality:- Data-driven agriculture helps both grow more and better
products. Using soil and crop sensors, aerial drone monitoring, and farm mapping,
farmers better understand detailed dependencies between the conditions and the quality of
the crops. Using connected systems, they can recreate the best conditions and increase the
nutrition.

3.4 APPLICATIONS
 Verification of the possibility of interactive farming: Unlike the traditional method of

home gardening, interactive farming between the growing crops and the farmers, which
involves two-way communication, is possible by incorporating the analysis of sensor
data. For example, when soil moisture is reduced, the need for water by the crops is not
simply indicated as a numerical value, but instead messages such as ―I’m thirsty!‖ or
―Give me more water!‖ would be relayed by the crops to the farmers through instant
messaging applications for electronic devices such as smartphones, tablet computers and
personal computers.
If the sufficient level of crop growth is detected in the camera image, a message such as
―Just the right time to eat.‖ is issued. This will create a sense of affinity between the
farmers and the crops. Farmers would continue to cultivate the crops as if they are
tending to pets.
 Application to teaching materials in educational institutions (food and nutrition
education): Currently, education through dietary (food and nutrition education) has been
implemented in the Curriculum Guideline mainly for both elementary and junior high
schools in Japan. Plants and crops are grown in parts of the school and in the classroom.
Students can gain better hands-on learning by using the proposed cultivation kit at such
educational sites. They would grasp a better understanding of how plants are grown
efficiently from the stage of seed germination to harvesting with the correct input of
water, soil, and sunlight to plants.
 Support for skilled farming: Even if a message is issued from the crops, there are no
guarantees that cultivation would be successful. There are some cases that the crops
would be affected by pests, diseases or unknown causes which could inflict damages onto
it. In such cases, the support by exemplary farmer scan be considered of value and
countermeasure methods for the problems can be conveyed to users based on sensor
information. Moreover, it will be possible to automate future support by making the
countermeasure methods a knowledge base.

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
4.1 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
 Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+: Used for programming and implementing hardware

devices.
 Raspberry Pi Camera Module v2: Used to acquire the camera images of the
white radishsprouts for growth analysis.
 Temperature and Humidity module (DHT 11): Used to determine the
temperature andhumidity of the surrounding air simultaneously.
 Light sensor (GL5528): Used to detect the surrounding light intensity.
 3W High-Power LED (OSW4XNE3C1S): Used to pro-vide sufficient lighting

to acquirethe camera images in the dark.
Fig 4.1.1: Basic iot agriculture based project setup.

4.2 SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION
The software for controlling interactive devices consists of the following modules.
 Sensor Module: The various sensors are activated based on the schedule set for each crop,
and the necessary data are formatted. By utilizing the time management function installed by
the operating system (OS), flash photography is performed. at night. An infrared camera
was used for crops that had a prohibition period of lighting. The program and the settings in
the moduleare switched depending on the type of crops.
 Communication Module: The data formatted by the sensor module is sent to the server.
Besides that, based on the result of learning by the server, the estimated condition of the
crops is transferred to the speech module.
 Speech Module: Based on the estimation condition from the server, a function to convey the
condition to the farmer as a voice is realized.
 External database: Sensor data and images from sensor modules would be collected and
combined with cultivation advice from well-established farmers to produce appropriate
cultivation advice as output. This advice would be transmitted as reference for new farmers in
case they face difficulties in crop cultivations depending on the situation of crops. In
cooperation with many other interactive devices, big data for cultivation support according to
various regions, climates and environments are constructed.
 A gas sensor is an electronic device to detect the concentration of air in atmosphere.In general a
normal human can able to identify one trillion types of odours. Similarly the different gas sensors
are used to identify odours. From that sensor we can obtain the voltage value to predict the
concentration of air. In our project gas sensors are used to identify the ripening of fruits.So that
the farmers can able to predict the time of fruits need to be plucked from field.
 Level sensor: It is used to detect the level of water and other liquids that are available in
agriculture field. It can measure large changes in water level. It is one of the important
sensors and play important role in a variety of industrial application. The main purpose of a
liquid level sensor is to monitor and control the level of granular materials.

CHAPTER 5
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
5.1 INTERACTIVE CULTIVATION SENSING SYSTEM
Fig. 5.1. shows the interactive sensing system in the form of a cultivation kit proposedinthis
study.
Fig 5.1: Interactive cultivation sensing system.
growth of crops. These data include water level, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pH level,
and carbon dioxide level. Images of the crops are also obtained using a camera. Both data and
images would then be analyzed to determine the degree of growth. The cultivation kit is
equipped with a network function and sensor data is collected by the server. Based on sensor
status of the crops with sensor information.
5.2 REALIZATION OF INTERACTIVE DEVICE

The realization image of the interactive device proposed in this research. This device is
installed in the crop cultivation area; data such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity are
retrieved from the installed sensors. Images of the crops are also acquired by multiple camera
modules. Based on previous machine learning data, we estimate the growth condition of the
crops and also detect pests and diseases which might affect the development of the crops.
One of the most promising agritech advancements is the use of agricultural drones in smart
farming. Also known as UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles), drones are better equipped than
airplanes and satellites to collect agricultural data. Apart from surveillance capabilities, drones
can also perform a vast number of tasks that previously required human labor: planting crops,
fighting pests and infections,agriculture spraying, crop monitoring droneseed for example,
builds drones for planting trees in deforested areas. The use of such drones is 6 times more
effective than human labor.
Fig 5.2: Realization image of proposed interactive device

growth of crops. These data include water level, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pH level,
and carbon dioxide level. Images of the crops are also obtained using a camera. Both data and
images would then be analyzed to determine the degree of growth. The cultivation kit is
equipped with a network function and sensor data is collected by the server. Based on sensor
status of the crops with sensor information.
Currently, robots are developed with autonomous navigation and used in paddy fields for
weed growth suppression. A robot that utilizes a laser range finder for autonomous mobility, and
a robot arm for weed suppression is developed in paper [25]. It travels along the rice rows
without damaging the rice plants in a paddy field. In paper [26], ―Paddy Weeding Robot‖ is
proposed. It functions by agitating the soil and creating an environment that makes weeds
difficult to photosynthesize, therefore inhibiting their growth. Nissan has also developed
―Aigamo Robot‖ as a method of reducing the use of herbicide and pesticide on rice crops [27]. It
features two rotating brushes as paddles to stir up the water in the paddy field and thus
preventing weed growth, similar to the Paddy Weeding Robot. Aigamo Robot uses Wi-Fi,
batteries, solar power, and Global Positioning System (GPS) to navigate autonomously. With the
concept of being low-cost, low-maintenance and high-durability, we proposed and designed a
compact-sized interactive robot ―Paddy Drone‖ as support for rice cultivation. The prototype of
Paddy Drone is shown in Fig. 7. Using Wi-Fi and an interactive device similar to Fig. 2 mounted
on Paddy Drone, it can be programmed to travel across the water surface of the paddy field
automatically.

5.3 OVERVIEW OF INTERACTIVE SENSING CULTIVATION SYSTEM
Fig 5.3: Overview of interactive cultivation sensing system.
Fig 5.3 shows an overview of the interactive device. In the device, Raspberry Pi, a
single-board computer, was used to acquire multiple growth data and send them to an
external server. A variety of sensors are equipped to acquire growth- related data based on
temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, and pH level, as well as conditions of
the crops. Multiple camera modules are equipped to obtain camera images. The height and
the thickness of the stems of the crops are then analyzed the obtained stereo images.
In addition, the device has a built-in speaker, and it is possible to generate information such
as lack of water, high and low temperature, and growth status depending on the condition of
crops. The data would be presented in natural language instead of numerical values.
Furthermore, by incorporating a microphone, we aim to realize a system that responds more
interactively to the farmer’s questions.

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
For development in the future, it can be enhanced by developing this system for
large acres of land. Also, the system can be integrated to check the quality of the soil and the
growth of the crop in each soil. The sensors and microcontroller are successfully interfaced
and wireless communication is achieved between various nodes. Future work also includes
focusing more on increasing sensors on this stick to fetch more data especially concerning
Pest Control and by also integrating GPS modules in this IOT Stick to enhance this
Agriculture IOT Technology to a full-fledged Agriculture Precision ready product. As they
speak, the number of companies that will help empower their IoT (Internet of Things) ideas.
And as a result, we hear of new ideas and solutions that are already solving business
challenges through M2M (Machine to Machine) communications. In a recent post, we
discussed some of our favorite IoT industrial applications. Measuring soil moisture is
important in agriculture to help farmers manage their irrigation systems more efficiently.
Not only are farmers able to generally use less water to grow a crop, but they can also
increase yields and the quality of the crop by better management of soil moisture during
critical plant growth stages.
The basic building blocks of an IoT System are Sensors, Processors, and applications. So the
block diagram below is the proposed model of our project which shows the interconnection
of these blocks. The sensors are interfaced with Microcontroller, data from the sensor is
displayed on the mobile app of the user. A mobile app provides an access to continuous data
from sensors and accordingly helps the farmer to take action to fulfill the requirements of the
soil. Farming is a labor-intensive task that requires lots of time and effort. Usually, these
tasks are repetitive and monotonous. Farmers can delegate these labor-intensive tasks to
robotics and automation-based solutions. Such solutions can perform tasks that range from
seeding and watering to harvesting and sorting.

CONCLUSION
We proposed and integrated IoT-based technologies to create an interactive

cultivation sensing system to assist farmers in growing their crops in optimum condition and
also overcome the problem of the labor shortage. Currently, we have created an environment
in which data such as temperature, humidity and camera images can be obtained and uploaded
toa server for Kaiwalingual. Also, the function to convey the current temperature interactively
using Line is operated. For Paddy Drone, we have gained camera images of the surrounding
environment of a paddy ﬁeld wirelessly and can be viewed through a smartphone.
In the future, we will realize the device as shown in Fig 6.2. By adding different types of
sensors, storing the data collected in a server, and performing machine learning, the
conditions of the radish sprouts and rice plants can be estimated more accurately. More
complex speech patterns would be generated from the combination of sensor data.
In this project, targeting home gardens and paddy fields, we propose and design a system
for acquiring composite growth data in various environments and crops. An interactive
cultivation sensing system is designed to ensure the continuous growth of crops daily. With
this, progress will be made in determining the efficient cultivation conditions for machine
learning, and in finding solutions to future problems of agriculture.
Unlike the traditional method of home gardening, interactive farming between the
growing crops and the farmers, which involves two-way communication, is possible by
incorporating the analysis of sensor data. For example, when soil moisture is reduced, the
need for water by the crops is not simply indicated as a numerical value, but instead
messages such as ―I’m thirsty!‖ or ―Give me more water!‖ would be relayed by the crops to
the farmers through instant messaging applications for electronic devices such as
smartphones, tablet computers and personal computers.
The various agricultural parameters are enhanced through monitoring of drones.
Different drones are used to monitor crop health, growth, water content in field, pesticide.
Drones are used in dense area of field and also increase the yield by accurate monitoring. It
can improve productivity and provide live surveillance through internet. Drones are mainly
used in any climatic conditions to predict the crop yield. Drones are also use to acquire high
precision images about the field in real time to obtain the more yield.

REFERENCES
1. S. Hisano, ―Food Security Politics and Alternative Agri-food Initiatives in Japan,‖

Working Paper No.131, Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University, pp.1–32,
March 2015.
2. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, ―FY2016 Summary of the Annual
Report on Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan,‖pp.1– 32, May 2017.
3. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, ―The 92nd Statistical Yearbook of
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,‖ December 2018.
4. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, ―MAFF Close to Your Daily Life,‖
pp.1–34, December 2017.
5. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, ―FY2017 Summary of the Annual
Report on Food, Agriculture and Rural Areas in Japan,‖ pp.1–54, May 2018.
6. Game and R. Primus, ―Urban Agriculture: GSDR 2015 Brief,‖ State University of
New York, College of Forestry and Environmental Science: New York, pp.1–13,
2015.
7. S. C. Yap and L. Audah, ―Vertical farming monitoring system using the internetof
things (IoT),‖ AIP Conference Proceedings 1883, 020021, pp.020021-1–020021-10,
September 2017.
8. S. N. Ishak, N. N. N. Abd Malik, N. M. Abdul Latiff, N. E. Ghaz-ali, M. A.
Baharudin, ―Smart Home Garden Irrigation System Using Raspberry Pi,‖ 2017
IEEE 13th Malaysia International Conference on Communications (MICC),
pp.101–106, November 2017.
9. M. J. C. Samonte, E. P. E. Signo, R. J. M. Gayomali, W. P. Rey and E. A. Serrano,
―PHYTO: An IoT Urban Gardening Mobile App,‖ Proceedings of 2nd
International Conference on Information Science and Systems (ICISS 2019),
pp.135– 139, March 2019.
10. P. Srivastava, R. Bajaj and A. S. Rana, ―Overview of ESP8266 Wi-Fi module
based Smart Irrigation System using IOT,‖ 2018 4th International Conference on
Advances in Electrical, Electronics, Information, Communication and Bio-

Informatics(AEEICB),October-2018.

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Adichunchanagiri University

BG Nagara-571418, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District, Karnataka, India

A Technical Seminar Report on

“INTERACTIVE CULTIVATION SYSTEM FOR FUTURE

Under the Guidence of: Coordinator:

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

This is to certify that the seminar entitled ― INTERACTIVE CULTIVATION SYSTEM

Signature of Guide: Signature of Coordinator: Signature of HOD:

Ms. Ancy Y Das Mrs. Namitha A R Dr. Shashikala S V

I would like to take this opportunity to thank a lot of eminent personalities,

My heartfelt gratitude to our honorable principal Dr. Narendra B K. B.G.S

I am greatly indebted to our HOD Dr Shashikala S.V, Professor & Head,

I would like to thank, Mrs. Namitha A R, Asst. Prof., Technical Coordinator,

I am grateful to my parents, friends and well-wishers for their contribution on a

CHAPTER 2: RELATED WORK 2-3

2.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 4

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM ANALYSIS 5-7

3.1 Existing System 5

3.2 Proposed System 6

3.3 Advantages of Proposed system 7

CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 10-11

4.1 Hardware Configuration 8

4.2 Software Configuration 9

CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 10-12

5.1 Interactive cultivation sensing system 12

5.2 Realization of interactive device 13

5.3 Overview of interactive cultivation sensing system 14

Fig no. Figure Name Page no.

4.2 Proposed System 7

3.1 Interactive Cultivation Sensing System 8

3.2 Example of IOT Based Application 8

4.1 Basic iot agriculture based project setup 10

5.1 Interactive cultivation sensing system 12

5.2 Realization image of proposed device 13

5.3 Overview of interactive cultivation sensing system 14

Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 1

An interactive cultivation sensing system is designed to ensure the continuous growth of

The obtained information is then transmitted wirelessly via ESP8266Wi-Fi module to a

A prototype system of smart agriculture for Lingzhimush-room farms is designed and

Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 2

The combination of IoT-based technologies with image processing techniques to build a

Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 3

The obtained information is then transmitted wirelessly via ESP8266Wi-Fi module to a

A prototype system of smart agriculture for Lingzhimush-room farms is designed and

Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 4

Fig 2.1: Interactive cultivation sensing system using IOT.

Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 5

2.1 Problem Statement

By incorporating ICTs, it is expected that soil productivity would be improved, and

Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 6

Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 7

3.1 Existing System

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of devices for communicating machine to

 Labor force and labor shortages.

 IoT – smart farming continually requires internet connectivity.

 High adoption cost.

Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 8

3.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Dept. of CSE, BGSIT, B.G Nagar Page 9

Fig 4.2.1: Interactive cultivation Proposed System

3.3 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

 High quality production.