Medication Classification Mechanism Of Indication/ Side Effects/Adverse Nursing Consideration

Action Contraindication effects

Brand Name: Proton Pump Inhibits Indication: Side effects: • Assess vital signs
Prilosec Inhibitor hydrogen- • This drug is also used Frequent (7%): • Assess for
potassium to treat conditions Headache. possible
Generic adenosine such as gastric or contraindications
Name: triphosphatase duodenal ulcers, Occasional (3%–2%): and cautions.
Omeprazole (H+ /K+ ATP gastroesophageal Diarrhea, abdominal • Check for
pump), an reflux disease pain, nausea. abdominal pain,
Dosage: 40 (GERD), erosive diarrhea, and
enzyme on the
mg esophagitis constipation.
surface of Rare (2%): Dizziness,
(Inflammation in the • Evaluate intake
gastric parietal esophagus), and asthenia, vomiting,
Route: and output
cells. hypersecretory constipation, upper
Through IV • Advise the
Therapeutic conditions (conditions respiratory tract
patient to take 30-
Effect: where your stomach infection, back pain, 60 minutes before
Frequency: Increases rash, cough.
makes too much meal, preferably
OD gastric pH, acid). in the morning.
reduces • This drug is also used Adverse effects: • Instruct the
gastric acid to treat stomach Pancreatitis, patient to avoid
production. infections caused by hepatotoxicity, driving or any
the bacteria interstitial nephritis hazardous
Helicobacter pylori. occur rarely. May activity.
increase risk of C. • Provide safety
Contraindication: difficile infection. and comfort
• Hypersensitivity to measures if CNS
drug. effects occurs to
• Diarrhea from an prevent injury.
infection with • Monitor the
Clostridium difficile patient’s
bacteria.
• Liver problems
• systemic lupus
erythematosus, an nutritional status;
autoimmune Use small
disease. frequent meals
osteoporosis, a may be
• condition of weak helpful if GI
bones. upset is a
inadequate vitamin problem.
• B12.
 Medication Classification Mechanism Indication/contraindication Side Effects Nursing Consideration
Of Action
Brand 3 generation Binds to
rd
Indication: Side effects: • Assess for history
Name: cephalosporin bacterial cell • Indicated in patient Frequent: of allergies,
Rocephin, antibiotics. membranes, with serious infections Discomfort with particularly
Forgram, inhibits cell of lower respiratory IM cephalosporins,
Keptrix wall synthesis, and urinary tract. administration, penicillin.
promoting • Indicated in patient oral candidiasis • Obtain specimen
Generic osmotic with neurologic (thrush), mild for culture and
Name: instability. complications, carditis diarrhea, mild sensitivity tests
Ceftriaxone and arthritis.
abdominal before giving first
• Patient with
Therapeutic cramping, dose.
Dosage: 2g Gonorrhea
Effect: vaginal • Assess oral cavity
• Patient with bone and
Bactericidal. joint infection candidiasis. for white patches
Route: on mucous
• Patient with Meningitis
Through IV Occasional: membranes,
• Patient with Acute
bacterial otitis media. Nausea, serum tongue (thrush).
Frequency: sickness–like Monitor daily
OD Contraindication: reaction (fever, pattern of bowel
• Contraindicated with joint pain; activity, stool
allergy to usually occurs consistency.
cephalosporin or after second • Mild GI effects may
penicillin and related course of be tolerable
antibiotics. therapy and (increasing severity
resolves after may indicate onset
drug is of antibiotic-
discontinued). associated colitis).
• Monitor I&O,
Rare: renal function tests
Allergic for nephrotoxicity,
 reaction (rash, CBC. Be alert for
pruritus, superinfection:
urticaria), fever, vomiting,
thrombophlebiti diarrhea,
s (pain, anal/genital
redness, pruritus, oral
swelling at mucosal changes
injection site). (ulceration, pain,
erythema).
Adverse effects:
Antibiotic-
associated colitis,
other
superinfections
(abdominal
cramps, severe
watery diarrhea,
fever) may result
from altered
bacterial balance in
GI tract.
Nephrotoxicity may
occur, esp. in pts
with preexisting
renal disease. Pts
with history of
penicillin allergy
are at increased
risk for developing
a severe
hypersensitivity
 reaction (severe
pruritus,
angioedema,
bronchospasm,
anaphylaxis).

Medication Classification Mechanism Of Indication/ Side Effects/Adverse Nursing

Action contraindication effects Consideration
Brand Analgesics Appears to Indication: Side effects:  assess onset,
Name: (non-opoid) inhibit Reduction of fever, Rare: Hypersensitivity type, location,
Paracetam antiseptic. prostaglandin temporary relief of minor reaction. duration of
ol synthesis in the aches and pain caused by pain. Effect of
CNS and, to a common cold and Adverse effects: medication is
lesser extent, influenza, headache, Early Signs of reduced if full
block pain sore throat, toothache, Acetaminophen Toxicity: pain response
Generic Backache, menstrual
impulses Anorexia, nausea, recurs prior to
Name: cramps and etc.
through diaphoresis, fatigue within next dose.
Tylenol peripheral first 12–24 hrs.  Assess for
Contraindication:
action. Acts fever.
Dosage: Contraindicated with
centrally on Later Signs of Toxicity:  Many Over-the-
300 mg allergy to acetaminophen.
hypothalamic Vomiting, right upper counter and
Use of cautiously with
heat-regulating impaired hepatic function, quadrant tenderness, prescription
Route:
center, chronic alcoholism elevated LFTs within 48–72 products
IV
producing pregnancy lactation. hrs after ingestion. Antidote: contain
peripheral Acetylcysteine acetaminophen;
vasodilation be aware when
Frequency:
(heat loss, skin calculating daily
PRN
erythema, dose.
diaphoresis).

Therapeutic
Effect:
Results in
antipyresis.
Produces
analgesic
effect.
Medication Classification Mechanism Of Indication/contraindication Side Effects/ Adverse Nursing
Action effects Consideration
Brand Name: Gastrointestinal . Indication: Side effects:  To minimize
Lactulose agent: Produces an Prevention treatment of Nausea, vomiting, sweet taste,
hyperosmotic osmotic effect in portal systemic diarrhea dilute with
laxative. colon; resulting encephalopathy treatment of water or fruit
Generic distention constipation. juice or give
Name: promotes Adverse effects: with food.
Cephulac peristalsis. Also Contraindication: Abdominal cramping,  Be prepared
decreases to replace
Contraindicated to patients bloating, gas
ammonia, fluid loss.
on low-galactose diet.
Dosage: probably as a
50cc result of
Patients with GI obstruction
bacterial
or perforation toxic colitis
Route: degradation,
mega colon.
PO which lowers
the pH of colon
Use cautiously in patients
contents.
with rectal or anal
Frequency: conditions such as rectal
ODHS bleeding or large
hemorrhoids

Medication Classification Mechanism Of Indication/ Side Effects Nursing Consideration

 Action contraindication
Brand Name: Chemical Binds to mu- Indication: Frequent  Reassess
Ultram Class: opioid To relieve moderate to (25%–15%): patient’s level of
Cyclohexanol receptors, chronic pain in adult who Dizziness, vertigo, pain at least 30
inhibits require around the clock nausea, mins after
Generic Analgesic reuptake of treatment of their pain for constipation, administration.
Name: Pregnancy norepinephrine an extended period of time. headache,  Monitor CV and
Tramadol Category: C. , serotonin, drowsiness. respiratory status.
inhibiting With-hold dose
Dosage: Contraindication: Occasional and notify
ascending and (10%–5%):
50mg and Tramadol may increase prescriber if
descending Vomiting, pruritus, respirations
10cc central nervous system
pain pathways. CNS stimulation decrease or rate
and respiratory depression
Route: when combined alcohol, (e.g., nervousness, is below 12 cpm.
Therapeutic narcotics, tranquilizer or anxiety, agitation,  For better
IM
Effect: sedative hypnotics. tremor, euphoria, analgesic effect,
IV
Reduces pain. mood swings, give drug before
hallucinations), onset of intense
Frequency:
asthenia, pain.
q6 diaphoresis,  Prepare naloxone
dyspepsia, dry as antidote.
mouth, diarrhea.  Monitor patient for
drug dependence.
Rare
(Less than 5%):
Malaise,
vasodilation,
anorexia,
flatulence, rash,
blurred vision,
urinary
retention/frequency,
menopausal
 symptoms.

Adverse effects:
Seizures reported
in patients receiving
tramadol within
recommended
dosage range. May
have prolonged
duration of action,
cumulative effect in
pts with
hepatic/renal
impairment,
serotonin syndrome
(agitation,
hallucinations,
tachycardia,
hyperreflexia). May
cause suicidal
ideation and
behavior.

Medication Classification Mechanism Of Indication/contraindication Side Effects Nursing Consideration

Action
Brand Name: HMG-CoA Inhibits HMG- Indication:
Side effects:
Lipitor Reductase CoA Atorvastatin may be used • Use only after diet
Inhibitors. reductase, the as a preventive agent for and other nondrug
Frequent (16%):
enzyme that non-fatal myocardial therapies prove
Headache.
Generic catalyzes the infarction, fatal and non- ineffective. Patient
Name: early step in fatal stroke, should follow a
Occasional
Atorvastatin cholesterol revascularization standard low-
(5%–2%):
synthesis. procedures, hospitalization cholesterol diet
Myalgia, rash,
Dosage: Therapeutic for congestive heart failure before and during
pruritus, allergy.
80mg/tab Effect: and angina in patients with therapy.
Decreases coronary heart disease • Before starting
Rare
Route: LDL and treatment, assess
(Less than 2%):
VLDL, plasma patient for underlying
PO Flatulence,
triglyceride Contraindication: causes for
dyspepsia,
levels; • Hypersensitivity to hypercholesterolemia
Frequency: depression.
increases atorvastatin. and obtain a baseline
ODHS HDL lipid profile.
• Active liver disease or Adverse
concentration. • Drug may be given
unexplained effects: as a single dose at
transaminase Potential for anytime of day, with
elevation cataracts, or without food.
photosensitivity,
• Patient with liver myalgia, • WOF signs of
myositis.
problems rhabdomyolysis.
• Women who are
pregnant or
breastfeeding should
not take atorvastatin

Medication Classification Mechanism Indication/contraindication Side Effects Nursing

Of Action Consideration
Brand Name: PHARMACO HF: Indication: Side effects: • Apical pulse
Lanoxin THERAPEUTIC: Inhibits should be
Cardiac sodium/potassi • Heart failure • Dizziness taken for a full
glycoside. um ATPase • Supraventricular • Headache minute before
Generic pump in arrhythmias. • Diarrhea administration
Name: CLINICAL: myocardial • Rash of this
Digoxin Antiarrhythmic, • visual medication. If
cells.
cardiotonic. Contraindication: disturbanc the apical
Promotes
Dosage: es pulse is less
calcium influx. • Hypersensitivity than 60, the
0.25mg/tab
• Ventricular Fibrillation Adverse effects: dose should
Supraventricul • Obstructive be withheld
Route:
ar Arrhythmias: cardiomyopathy. The most and the
PO
Suppresses common early prescribing
AV node manifestations of provider
Frequency: digoxin toxicity notified.
conduction.
OD are • Serum digoxin
Therapeutic levels should
Effect: GI disturbances be closely
(anorexia, monitored
nausea, vomiting) because
HF: Increases
hypokalemia
contractility. increases the
neurologic
abnormalities effects of
Supraventricul (fatigue, digoxin and
ar Arrhythmias: headache, can result in
Increases depression, digoxin
effective weakness, toxicity.
refractory drowsiness, • WOF signs of
period/decreas confusion, digoxin
es conduction nightmares). toxicity
velocity, Facial pain,
decreases personality
 Medication Classification Mechanism Of Indication/ Side Nursing
Action contraindication Effects/ Consideration
adverse
effects
Brand Name: Antihypertensi
Vasotec, ve inhibitor heart rate.
Suppresses Indication Side • Assess for
Vaseretic renin- Management of change,
effects: allergy to
angiotensin- essential or Frequent enalapril,
Generic aldosterone renovascular ocular
(7%–5%): impaired renal
Name: system hypertension, disturbances
Headache, function, salt
Enalapril (prevents asymptomatic left (photophobia,
dizziness. or volume
conversion of ventricular light flashes, depletion.
Dosage: angiotensin I dysfunction in halos around •
Occasional Monitor
5 mg/tab to angiotensin patients with an bright objects,
(3%–2%): patients on
II, a potent ejection fraction of yellow or green diuretic therapy
Orthostatic
Route: vasoconstrictor to 35 percent to color perception) for excessive
hypotension
; may inhibit decrease the rate of may occur. hypotension
PO , fatigue,
angiotensin II development of after the first
diarrhea,
at local overt heart failure Sinus few doses of
Frequency: cough,
vascular, renal and the incidence of bradycardia, AV enalapril.
OD AM syncope.
block, ventricular
sites). hospitalization for • Monitor patient
Decreases heart failure arrhythmias closely in any
plasma Rare noted. situation that
angiotensin II, (Less than may lead to a
increases Contraindication 2%): Antidote: drop in BP
plasma renin Angina,Digoxin immune secondary to
activity, Patients with abdominal
FAB reduced fluid
decreases hypertensive to this pain, volume
aldosterone product and history vomiting, (excessive
secretion. of Angio edema nausea, perspiration
rash, and
asthenia. dehydration,
vomiting,
Therapeutic Adverse diarrhea)
Effect: effects: because
In Excessive excessive
hypertension, hypotension hypotension
reduces ("first-dose may occur
peripheral syncope") • Monitor
arterial may occur patient
resistance. In in pts with carefully
HF, increases HF, severe because peak
cardiac output; salt or effect may not
decreases be seen for 4
 Medication Classification Mechanism Of Indication/ Side Nursing
Action contraindication Effects/ Consideration
Adverse
effects
Brand Name: Nonsteroidal Exact
Aspirin anti- mechanism for Indication Side • Use caution in
inflammatory anti- Integumentary effects: bleeding disorders,
drugs inflammatory, structures, myalgia,  upset chronic alcohol use
(NSAIDs) analgesic, neuralgia, stomach;
Generic antipyretic headache,  heartburn; • May lead to
Name: effects dysmenorrhea gout.  drowsines Stevens-Johnson
acetylsalicyli unknown. s; or. syndrome, laryngeal
c acid. Inhibition of Arthritis, SLE acute  mild edema, and
enzyme cyclo- rheumatic fever. headache. anaphylaxis
Dosage: oxygenase,
80mg tab the enzyme • Increases risk for
responsible for Contraindication Adverse bleeding with
prostaglandin effects: warfarin, heparin, and
Route:
PO synthesis, Hypersensitivity to • Stomach clopidogrel
appears to be salicylates, severe pain • Increased risk for GI
a major anemia, history of • Heartburn bleeding with NSAID
Frequency:
mechanism of blood coagulation • Nausea use
OD
action. May defects, vitamin k • Vomiting
inhibit other deficiency 1 week • Ulceration • Monitor liver
mediators of before and after • Perforatio function tests
inflammation surgery n
(e.g., • Severe • Concurrent use with
leukotrienes). gastrointe alcohol may increase
Direct action stinal (GI) risk for GI bleeding
on bleeding
hypothalamus • Dyspepsia
heat-regulating (the most
center may frequent
contribute to adverse
antipyretic reaction)
effect.
Name of Classificatio Mechanisms Indication Side Effect/ Nursing
Drugs n of Action /Contraindication adverse Consideration
effects
Medication Classification Mechanism Of Indication/ Side Nursing
Brand Anti- Potentiates
Action Indication
contraindication effects:
Effects/ • Contraindicated
Consideration in
Name: coagulant action of Adverse pork hypersensitivity
Lovenox Cardiovascula antithrombin Treat blood clots; Occasional
effects
r III, inactivates Treat angina and (4%–1%): • Monitor for signs of
Brand Name:  May cause GI
Generic coagulation heart attacks Injection site bleeding
Plavix Anti-platelet Inhibits binding Indication Side bleeding,
Name: factor Xa. hematoma,
Adenosine of enzyme effects: neutropenia,
Enoxaparin nausea, • Administer in
phosphate (A adenosine Treatment of
Contraindication hypercholester
Therapeutic peripheral
Frequent subcutaneous tissue
DP) receptor phosphate patients at risk for olemia
Dosage: Effect: edema.
(15%):
Generic antagonist (ADP) to its ischemic
Active events-
major 
0.4cc Produces Skin • DO NOT eject air
Name: platelet history of MI
bleeding,
anticoagulation Adverse
disorders. bubble May
prior increase
to
Clopidogrel receptor and ischemic stroke,
thrombocytopenia
Route: . Does not effects: injection for
risk
subsequent peripheral
with artery
anti-platelet bleeding in
SQ significantly
ADP-mediated disease. in
antibody Occasional warfarin,
influence PT, May lead to • DO NOT aspirate or
activation of a presence of (8%–6%): aspirin,
aPTT.. bleeding massage site
Dosage: glycoprotein Patients
enoxaparinwithoracute Upper heparin
Frequency: complication
75 mg complex. coronary syndrome
heparin respiratory 
OD s ranging  Monitor VS and
. Can increase
tract
from local
Therapeutic Contraindication assess for signs
risk for
infection,
ecchymoses
Route: Effect: Allergy to bleeding with
of bleeding
chest
to majorpain,
PO Inhibits platelet clopidogrel active garlic, ginkgo,
hemorrhage
flu-like
aggregation. pathological ginger
. May cause
symptoms,
bleeding such as 
heparin-
headache,
Frequency: peptic ulcer or Monitor for
induced
dizziness,
intracranial signs of
OD thrombocyto
arthralgia
hemorrhage, bleeding
penia (HIT).
Rare
lactation. Monitor
Antidote: IV
(5%–3%):
injection of bleeding times
Cautiously with Fatigue, 
protamine
bleeding disorders edema, Monitor CBC
sulfate (1%
recent surgery and hypertensio and platelet
solution)
hepatic impairment n, count
equal to
abdominal
dose of
pain,
enoxaparin
dyspepsia,
injected. 1
diarrhea,
mg
nausea,
protamine
epistaxis,
sulfate
dyspnea,
neutralizes
rhinitis.
1 mg
Name of Classificatio Mechanisms Indication
Indication/ Side Effect Nursing
Drugs n of Action /Contraindication
Contraindication Consideration
Stimulates Side effects:
Brand Antiemetic
Aldosterone Interferes
motility of with Indication:  Assess for
• contraindicated
Name: Prokinetic
Antagonist sodium
upper GI tract. Management of in
Metoclopramide Frequent:
Frequent allergy to
with hyperkalemia
Aldactazide
Gimoti, reabsorption
Blocks edema
the oralintablet
cirrhotic
form Hyperkalemi
(10%): metocloprami
Aldactone
Reglan by
dopamine/sero adults not
is used for a (in pts with
Drowsiness, de, GI
Name of Classificatio Mechanism
competitively
tonin receptorsof Indication/
responsive to fluid
symptomatic Side
renal Effect
restlessness, • monitor
Nursing intake
Drugs n Action Contraindication hemorrhage,
Consideration
Generic inhibiting
in and sodiumof both
treatment insufficiency,
fatigue, and output
Betahistine mechanical
Name: action
chemoreceptor
of restrictions,
acute and thoseeffects:
lethargy.
Side taking obstruction or
Spironolacto
Metocloprami Anti-emetics affects the in
aldosterone
trigger zone. Indication
primary
recurrent diabetic potassium • Instruct patient
Nausea • monitor blood
perforation,
Brand
ne
de Anti-vertigo histaminergic
distal
Enhances
tubule, hyperaldosteronisin
gastroparesis, supplements
Occasional
Headache that medication
Name: system: Indicated for pressure
pheochromoc
will take with
promoting
acetylcholine m short-term
addition to the ),
(3%):
 Allergic ytoma,
Serc
Dosage: Betahistine
sodium
response and
in treatment of
preoperatively,
treatment of dehydration,
Dizziness, meals.
skin epilepsy,
Dosage:
25 mg, ½ acts
waterboth as
upper GI tract;a Meniere’s
primary
gastroesophageal hyponatremi
anxiety, • monitor
reactions lactation, the
Generic
tab
10 mg partial
excretion,
increases syndrome
hyperaldosteronis
reflux disease a, lethargy.
headache, • Encourage
potassium levels
such as previously to
Name: histamine
increasing
lower H1- symptoms
m long-term
(GERD) which
in patients
in insomnia, patient
and renal panel
itching and detected
Betahistine
Route: receptor
potassium
esophageal may include
patients
who havewithfailed to Occasional:
breast bathe in warm
rash. breast cancer.
Dihydrochlori
PO
IV agonist
retention.
sphincter and
tone. vertigo, tinnitus, to
aldosterone
respond Nausea,
tenderness, water using a
de histamine H3- hearing loss and  Monitor BP
producing
traditional adrenal
therapy. vomiting,
altered mild soap, then
receptor nausea. carefully during
Therapeutic adenomas
A nasal thatsprayare Adverse
anorexia,
menstruation air dry the skin
Dosage: antagonist also IV
Frequency: Effect: not candidates
formulation is also
for ,abdominal
effects: and gently pat
24mg in neuronal Contraindication administration.
OD Produces
Accelerates surgery or patients
indicated to treat cramps,
constipation, to dry.
tissue, and has Patients with  Urticaria  Monitor for
OD diuresis,
intestinal with bilateral
adults with acute, diarrhea,
rash, dry • Assess
Route: negligible H 2- phaeochromocyto headache,
Pruritus extrapyramidal
lowers
transit, B/P. micro/macronodula
recurrent diabetic mouth, respirations
PO receptor ma and to patients reactions, and
promotes r adrenal
gastroparesis ataxia,
galactorrhea,
Mild gastric and
activity. with consult
gastric hyperplasia, as an drowsiness,
gynecomasti
complaints adventitious
Betahistine hypersensitivity to physician if
emptying. add-on therapy in confusion,
a. sounds.
Frequency increases any component of fever.
FalseMale: they occur.
Relieves hypertension, and
q8 histamine the product.  Keep
nausea, in nephrotic heartbeat
Gynecomasti
Rare (less
turnover diphenhydram
vomiting.and syndrome when a,
than 3%):
 Insomnia
release by ine injection
treatment of the impotence,
Hypotension,
blocking readily
disease as well as decreased
hypertension,
presynaptic H3- available in
Contraindication:
fluid and sodium libido.
tachycardia.
receptors and case
restriction with Female:
inducing H3- extrapyramida
Sensitivity
other diuretics is of Menstrual
Adverse
receptor down l reactions
inadequate
intolerance to irregularities
effects:
regulation. occur (50 mg
metoclopramide. (amenorrhea
IM).
,
Extrapyramid
Allergy to sulfiting
Contraindication: postmenopa  Have
al reactions
Allergy
agents,tohistory of usal most phentolamine
occur
spironolactone,
seizures disorders. bleeding), in readily
frequently
hyperkalemia, breast available in
children,
Concurrent
renal disease,
use of tenderness. case of
young adults