chemistry

neet 2022

Equilibrium established in physical reactions. Chemical equilibrium approaches from both

The chemical reactions which takes place in both forward & backward direction
directions are called reversible reactions It is dynamic in nature.
Chemical equilibrium is dynamic in nature.
In a reversible reaction both reactants and
products are unstable.
Here vapour pressure is constant at a constant temp For a general reversible reaction
Equilibrium is the end state of a reversible reaction. aA + bB cC+ dD
Equilibrium is established only in a closed container. [C]C [D]d
Established only at a constant temparature K=
At equilibrium, the rate of forward and backward [A]a [B]b
reactions are equal. (m.p of solid ie, freeging point of liquid)
At equilibrium, the concentration of reactants & Ice-waler equilibrium established at ooc.
products becomes constant. At any time during the reaction aA+bB cc+dD
the ratio [C]C [D]d is known as concentration qaotient, Q.
Established only in a Saturated solution [A]a [B]b
eg: Saturated sugar solution. At equilibrium Q = K
Equilibrium
foawand
product
Sugar (dissolved) Sugar (undissolved)
equilibrium
Rate Conc 1. Value of k does not depends upon initial concentration of
Here solubility depends upon pressure (Henry’s law) reactants and products.
reactant
backward
eg: Soda water 2. Value of k does not depends upon the direction from which
Time Time
CO2 (dissolved) CO2 (undissolved) equilibrium is altained.

For the equilibrium A B, the variation of the rate of the forward (a) & Which of the given statements does not elucidate the equilibrium state In the given reaction: A+2B 2C, 2 moles each of A & B present in 10 L
reverse (b) reaction with time is given by precisely? of solution combine to form 1 mole of C. Calculate K for the reaction.
(A) The equilibrium can be approached from either direction.
(B) The equilibrium can be attained only if the system is an isolated system. (A) 1.5 (B) 6.67 (C) 0.15 (D) 2.3
JEE 2020 (C) The free energy change at constant pressure and temperature is zero.
(D) It is dynamic in nature.

3. value of k depends only on temparature.
4. If K for the reaction aA + bB
K for the reaction cc+dD
5. If K for the reaction aA + bB
K for the reaction naA+ nbB
AIIMS
chemical equilibrium
If they are in solid or liquid phase, K can be represented as Kc. According to Le-chatelier's principle, if a system at equilibrium is
If they are in gaseous or aqueous phase, K can be represented as Kp subjected to a change in concentration, temperature or pressure,
cC+dD is K, then the equilibrium will shifts automatically in one direction which will
For a general reaction nullify the effect of the change.
aA+ bB will be 1K
aA + bB cC + dD
cC+dD is K, then 1. Conc. of reactant increases shift towards forward reaction.
ncC + ndD will be (K)n [C]C [D]d PCc PDd
Kc = & Kp = 2. Conc. of product decreases shift towards forward reaction.
[A]a [B]b PA PB
a b

6. During the addition of two reactants having equilibrium 3. Conc. of reactant decreases shift towards backward reaction.
constants K1 & K2, then the net Constant K = K1 x K2
Kp = Kc (RT) n n = np - nR 4. Conc. of product increases shift towards backward reaction.
7. During the subtraction of a reaction having constant K2 from a 5. Pressure increases shift towards lesser number of moles
reaction having constant K1, then the net constant K = K1/K2
6. Pressure decreases shift towards higher number of moles
n
8. If Q<K, the reaction will proceed in forward direction Unit of Kc = (mol/L)
7. No of moles of reactants & products are equal, P has no effect.
n
If Q>k, the reaction will proceed in backward direction Unit of Kp = (atm)

4 5 6
9.
8. If temperature increases shift towards endothcomic
10. If Q=K, the system is in equilibrium. If n = 0, equilibrium constant has no unit
9. If temperature decreases shift towards exothermic
11. If K >103, the reaction is almost complete in forward direction. 10. Catalyst helps to attain eqm state easily.
12. If k <10-3, the reaction is in forward direction. In heterogeneous equilibrium, concentration of pure solid & After the establishment of eqm, catalyst has no effect.
pure liquid is taken as one
13. If K is in blw 10³ & 10 , almost same reaction takes place
-3 11. Addition of inert gas at constant volume, no effect.
eg : CaCO3(s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
in both forward and backward direction
Kp = PCo
2
12. Addition of inert gas at constant pressure shift towards
higher number of moles

At a given temperature, the equilibrium constants for the reactions,

1 Which one of the following conditions will favour maximum formation
NO (g) + O 2(g) NO2(g) & 2NO2(g) 2NO(g) +O2(g) of the product in the reaction A2(g) + B2(g) X2(g). rH = -XkJ?
2

NEET 2018
are K, and K2 respectively. If K, is 4 x 10-3 . then K2 will be (A) Low temperature and high pressure (B) High temperature and high pressure

JEE 2020
JIPMER

(A) 8x10- 3 (B) 16x10- 3 (C) 6.25x104 (D) 6.25x106 (C) Low temperature and low pressure (D) High temperature and low pressure