Introduction to Electrical Engineering[19AIE104]

S1 B. TECH CSE (AIE)-A

Project:
ATHLETE STOPWATCH

Project report done by:

Thati Ayyappa Swamy – 21084
Bharadwaj Madiraju – 21041
Anupa Sajikumar – 21071
Anugrah Nambiar – 21016
Nandakishore – 21045

Project done under the guidance of

Deepthi mam
EEE

AMRITA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM
AMRITAPURI 690 525
January 2022
 ABSTRACT
The athlete stopwatch is a fully functional prototype which consists of a PIR sensor; an
LCD display to show the stopwatch timer; a relay module which used to start and stop the
stopwatch. When the first PIR sensor senses the movement, it will start the timer when it
has its first move and stops when there is a movement in the second PIR sensor which is
an end point. Hardware testing is conducted to ensure the proposed system is fully
functional.

Here we are going to apply it in Tinker cad software which is a virtual based electrical
engineering software with all real-world conditions.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction page -3
Objectives –3
Components Required –4,5
Circuit diagram -5
Working of the system –6,7
Result -7
Drawbacks and Approach -7
Conclusion –8
Appendix/Code - 9
References –10
 INTRODUCTION

An athlete stopwatch using Arduino microcontroller system which is helpful electronic for
the athlete. The proposed system is developed to automatically start counting the timer for
the athlete when he starts at the start point and the count till, he/she reaches the end point
with no help of second person.

However, one of the top concerns for many players does it do the work accurately and
perfectly?

Well…with the right system in place, this is possible.

The following project works by automatically starts time the motion is detected at the first
sensor and stop at touching the second sensor. The circuit is built using a PIR sensor and
Arduino. This sensor tracks the motion and, via Arduino, an algorithm is controlled that
makes timer run.

To avoid the imperfect tracking of the athlete runtime or reach time this electronic is
made and doing it a perfect time catching stopwatch when he reached the end point.

The temperature sensors are set on at the start point and another one at the finish point.

Once the second sensor reaches the signal it makes the time pause for 10 seconds.

OBJECTIVES

• With the help of this there will be no imperfect time recording for the player and
can check the exact time taken to reach. Not only for running but also for hurdles,
swimming, racing and all.
• It does not need any other second or third person to record the time. It itself
automatically tallies the time taken.
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

Arduino UNO PIR sensors

Potentiometer

Resistors Bread Board

LCD display 16*2. Jumper cables

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 WORKING OF THE SYSTEM

First, we are going to use the pre-built-in LCD circuit board given by the tinker cad. Later the
connection will be given to sensor and A0 pin for the reading from the PIR sensor and give value
for the Arduino which makes it execute the sensor will also be connected to the positive and
negative terminal too. Few pins will be connected to LCD for printing the output.

The circuit operation is quite simple: first we are going to connect both the PIR sensor to the
Arduino's board and with the power and the ground. Then the LCD display to the Arduino’s
pins which is going to print the timer in that including start, stop and reset.

Where only the 6th and 10th pin are connected to the PIR sensor and the pin 2,3,4,5,11 and 13 are
connected to the LCD display, and remaining wires are for power. supply for the display like
read/write, anode, cathode, ground and so on.

While getting in to the main pins 6 and 10 the are pins connected to the sensors, where pin 6 is
connected to start sensor and pin 10 is connected to stop sensor.

While there is a movement at the PIR sensor1 it starts reading and displaying in the LCD, when
it reaches the second sensor again reads to pause the time this time.

As for default it is coded to display only 10 second after the pause later again to be reset this can
be even set to a particular time as you set it.

The operation of this circuit works because the program is downloaded (or embedded) into
Arduino’s microcontroller.

We are going to code in Arduino c to make the system work the code is the brain for the system.

The code will be written in Arduino IDE and tested if there are any kind of errors or bug which
doesn’t makes the program properly. Later after getting a result of zero errors then it we set into
the tinker cad’s Arduino UNO code compound to execute.
 RESULT
All the connection will be as per the Tinker cad connection board. Here first the Arduino
gets the reading from sensor the reading enters the 6th pin it analyses the reading and as
per the reading the LCD display start the timer and when the player reaches the 2nd PIR
sensor again read to stop the timer and display the time taken for next 10 seconds.

DRAWBACKS
• There is no separate reset button for our model, we can upgrade it by adding a
separate reset button.

CONCLUSION

The Arduino based automatic athlete stopwatch is simple and precise way of track the
time taken. Hence, this system is extremely useful as it reduces manual work and making
it perfect. It drops the manual switching mechanism used by the coaches to ON/OFF the
stopwatch. This project can be extended and published to many things too.
Start:

Stop:
 APPENDIX/ARDUINO CODE
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

int PIRin = 6,PIRout = 10;

int value=0,value1=0;

int cont=0,hh,mm,ss,ms;

double i = 0,a = millis(),c;

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void setup()

lcd.begin(16, 2);

lcd.clear();

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(PIRin, INPUT);

pinMode(PIRout, INPUT);

void timeprint()

if(hh<0)

lcd.print("0");

else

lcd.print(hh);

lcd.print(":");

if(mm<0)

lcd.print("0");

else

lcd.print(mm);

lcd.print(":");

if(ss<0)

lcd.print("0");

else

lcd.print(ss);
 lcd.print(":");

lcd.print(i);

void pause()

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("\\>>///STOP\\\\\\<</");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print("<<");

timeprint();

lcd.print(">>");

delay(100);

void run()

c = millis();

i = (c - a);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("-_ELAPSED TIME_-");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

hh=i/3600000;

i=i-3600000*hh;

mm=i/60000;

i=i-60000*mm;

ss=i/1000;

i=i-1000*ss;

ms=i;

lcd.print("==");

timeprint();

lcd.print("==");

delay(100);

void loop()

{
 lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

lcd.print("--/START/RESET--");

lcd.setCursor(0,1);

lcd.print(">>>>>|STOP|<<<<<<");

delay(1000);

value=digitalRead(PIRin);

if(value == HIGH)

a=millis();

cont=1;

while(cont == HIGH)

lcd.clear();

run();

value1=digitalRead(PIRout);

if(value1 == HIGH)

pause();

cont=0;

delay(10000);

REFERNCES
https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/neetithakur/automatic-plant-watering-system-using-arduino-uno-8764ba

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/Shubham_Desai/water-irrigation-system-using-arduino-5c3e92