Economics

YA EMPLOYEMENT •q
GA
GROWTH , INFORMULISATION AND OTHER ISSUES

WORKER : Individual involve in economic

activity to earn
diving ; they contribute to GDP

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Labour Force

WORK FORCE

m-em.im
.

tm.me .

Person working + Person seeking for job

( workforce) ( unemployed)
of eligible
f- reception
No .

people to work

:
unfit + housewives +
above
age
64 +

studying
Labour force participation rate
LABOURFORCCxiooh3DATA0.BG
TALPoPULAT0ÑmmwW
Ratio of labour force to total population

Of 40%

labour force
total population population belong to

• 2017 -
18 → 49.8 -1 .

falling from 55.9 -1 -

in 2011 -
12

MALES FEMALE
RURAL 55% 25%

URBAN 56% 16 %

TOTAL 56% 23 %
 Work force
•
The number of persons who are actually employed
at a particular time are known as work force
•
Include only those who are engage in productive
activities

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Worker population ratio
Ratio
totalof
No .

of worker
to population
TOTAL POPULATION

Why it is needed ?

useful in
determining the population
that is
contributing to GDP
 IMPORTANT POINTS ! !
• 2015 -

16 -

47.8 %

Employment situation in
country
••
our

it
higher then
of is
•
IF ratio is mean that
engagement people greater

CONCLUSION FROM PREVIOUS TABLE I

Rural
→
higher proportion of people
RURAL -

39.9 -1 . URBAN -
35.5%
factories ,
etc

→
Employment opportunity 7
Rural people have limited resources { participate in
employment market
whereas ,
urban people have variety of employment opportunity
they look for job that match there
speciality G qualities

male
Higher proportion of
→ worker

men are able to earn

higher income as compared to
female for same

job , G also there

Stereotype
is that women
only do household
chores ,
: .

. family discourage female member for taking jobs .

→ More in Rural areas

women

In rural areas ,
women cannot effort to bit idle at home bcoz

of financial condition
of their
family ,
! -

,
they also work to support family
→
Underestimation of women worker
No .

of women worker are underestimated means

they are recognise
for the work
they do ,
as the work
they do are not orecognised productive
 Mmmmm

Activity by
lil self Employment
which
EWwruwwwwhfw.ge
person
Employment

( 52 c)
are

-
able to earn mean
of diving
✓ self
employment

employment

→
his
dining
worker uses resources to make a

of workforce
→ 52-1 . are
self employed
→ Ex : businessman
, Shopkeepers ,
etc .

Iii wage g) Regular ( 18-1 ) .

Employment
2) casual (30-1)
→ A worker sells his labour G earn wages in action

→ A worker who Sells his labour is called employee { seller is employer .

→ worker dont have

any resources other than labour .

(a)
Regular
( Regular salaried )
employee
→ when workers is
engaged
'

by an enterprise / someone and is paid

Then worked
regular basis
such known
wages on
.
AN
as Regular worker
→ Hired on permanent basis
→
They get
social
security benefit ( Provident fund)
→ →
1St .

of India .
mostly govt jobs

(b) Casual
hired basis
→ when worker are
casually engaged and are not on
permanent
→ social
They do not get security benefit
→ 30 's .

of India 's workforce

 Regular Casual

When worker are engaged When and get are casually

by employer and paid on engaged and get
regular basis remuneration for workforce
18% of total workforce 30% of total workforce
They get social They do not social
security benefit security benefit
Hired on permanent Not hired on permanent
basis basis
toward casual worker ?
§ why companies are
shifting
Casual employees are engaged on an as-needs-basis, and can help ' increase
flexibility in your workplace. Engaging employees on a casual basis g ives you the
ability to increase staffing levels during your busiest months, whilst providing you the
ability to reduce wages when times are tough
 Distribution of employment by gender
•

Self employment -

major source
for both -

men & women

152%) ( 56%)

•
casual worker -
second major source -

men & women

29% 31 %)
•
Regular worker men are in
greater men & women
- -

Proportion Go %) ( 13%7

In regular salaried the reason because

skin requirement
employment ,
why men are more

in
regular jobs is high 9 also require high literacy date

EMPLOY C-MEAT MALE FEMALE

Self -

employment 5201 . 56%

Regular 20% 13 %
31 To
•

wage 29 to
Distribution of employment
by region
Self Employment
.

>
major source in both Urban and Rural areas
( 4301 ? 156%3
aural it
majority as
In area is in
people are
engaged
-

in
agriculture .

•
CASUAL WORKER
> In Rural area are second major source
, they
Rural : 35%
URBAN : 15%

•
Regular salaried employee
> In urban area second major source

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,

URBAN : 42%

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.

Rural : 9%
Distribution of employment in different sector
2. PRIMARY SECTOR URBAN -
6.74 .

of employment Rural
↳ 48.9% -

64.1%

2.
SECONDARY SECTOR URBAN -

35%
24.301 .

of employment Rural -

2004%

3.
Tertiary sector URBAN -
58.3%
> 26.8%
of employment Rural -
15.5%

29.3%

48.9%

26.8%

Distribution of rural-urban employment in sectors

%
"
 Distribution of gender in different sector

in

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SECTOR MALE Female women
percentage is
PRIMARY 43.6 % 6208%
3 sector
high in
primary sector
J
Secondary sector 25.9 % 20 % bcoz in aural areas
30.5
I
Tenotiary Sector % 17-2 % men
get more job
opportunity in both

sector
 Jobless growth
Situation where GDP
without +
of economy increases due to innovative
technology in
employment .

#
Company try to achieve
target through modern
technology
without manpower . -
Aoi ,
machines Robot etc

Changing structure of
, ,

employment
In India ,

majority of Rural
population , majorly depending High percent of
dive areas
in on
agriculture people get employment
from primary sector

But it is
changing , Percentage is
decreasing
bcoz :

{ I urbanisation

[ from
☐ shifting of people Rural to urban area

> In urban areas ,

secondary and
tertiary provide employment
more than
primary sector
↳ bcoz people are
engage
in
manufacturing a service
providing .
 Casualisation and informalisation of
workforce
CASUAL 1517 -110N
••
shift self employed
ofworker and
regular salaried employee to casual
wage .

•
There is a
shift bcoz of duck opportunity in organised
ofas casual
sector ,
.
!
,people start working worker

INFORMAL ISATION
decline
when there is continues in
percentage of
workforce in
formal sector along with rise in
informal sector workforce
EMPLOY C- MEAT ON BASIS OF FORMAL I Jn FORMAL SECTOR
or

-→
+
FORMAL INFORMAL

organised sector
unorganised sector

Include all department Include all private enterpr

govt
.

public enterprise put establish ise which hire less than 10

,

which tire 10 or more worker worker

Have Govt protection in many No govt protection

ways
-
labour laws
constitute 90%
of workforce
constitute total
7%
of
workforce Exception :
farming ventures
a
self employment
 Unemployment
g- URBAN
RURAL

unemployment unemployment
around population urban
70.1
unemployment in
.

dive in
villages .
area have increase over

Agriculture -

main source
year
livelihood
of
( problem] No -

of unemployed has increased

dependence on
agñcutooe ,
over 8X .

old technology ,
etc

RURAL UNEMPLOYMENT
I open
unemployment
landless labour
In
agriculture .
there are
large number
of
who are able to
q willing to work But
fail to
get work

☐ seasonal unemployment
In uniongated land which is capable of giving only 1 crop
a
year ,
of 3- 8 month
bcoz
type these
of farm ,
farmer remain

unemployed from .

laziness our farmer fail

out
of to utilize their time
by not

looking anther employment opportunity .

 3)
Disguised unemployment ( Hidden
unemployment)

It is
type of unemployment when number
of worker

engaged job is much more than actually require to

accomplish
in

URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT
DJndustn.at unemployment
illiterate person who are
willing to work in
factories but
cannot find work
Reason
→
Rapid oise in population
Rural urban
→
migration x

☐ Educated
unemployment
•
when educated are unable
youth find
to job to
available job
Suit qualification
Skilled worker have improved but number
of
•

not increased

3) Technological unemployment
This
type of unemployment take place whenever
technology upgrade
•

G existing workforce unable to

cope up with new tech .
 Cause
☐ slow economic
growth
National output is
Not
not
increasing by much .
It indicate that
much
job are
creating toabsorb
unemployment .

☐ Population explosion
•
as population
limited
increases ,
no
of people looking for
.
job also increase
limited resource
•
since job can be created in
economy with

It proves to be a burden

3) over Dependence on technology

-

Now
day a
big companies are trying to achieve there target
- -

by using machinery instead of man force labour

.

innovative
technology are replacing demand for
÷
,

4) Defective education system

current education is full of defect of it fail to make
any provision
for providing technical q vocational education Not
meeting
'

.
.
.

.
recurrent

of firm
5) Joint Family System
In Joint
family , people have tendency to survive without work on

on
joint income .
st encourage high degree of disguise unemployment
6) lack
of capital G investment
Due to shortage of investment and capital No of ,
.

firm organisation
,

are
inadequate q not able to expand themselves q provide employemcn
 Remedies For unemployment
increase
☐ in production : There should be increase in
production of
agriculture & industrial sector
Syr plan
→

☐ More importance to
should be
empntTÉe
importance
: gn Syr plan employment
,

given more
3)
change in education System : emphasis Should
more be
given
to
practical training a vocational education

4) Expansion
of employment exchange Information regarding :
employment
should be
given people :-, should to
open , they be .

5) self
self employed
: most
More assistance to -

people people are

employed ,
: ,
they should be helped financially ,
providing material etc
,

D Improvement in
infrastructure :
infrastructure facilities like health
,
education
etc are important for development .
better
facilities provide different
sector to produce to their
fuller capacity ,
this
generate employment .

Source of data

☐ N S SO
Employment services
unemployment
-
-

☐ POPULATION Cencus

Ak
3) DGET Directorate
general of employment & training
-

↳
Apex organisation