OBJECTIVE WORK BOOK

STEEL STRUCTURE
(599 QUESTIONS)

UPDATED: 02-01-2022

VIVEK GUPTA
 VIVEK GUPTA
ESE (AIR-10)
GATE (AIR-17)
M. Tech (IIT Delhi, Structure)

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of
Civil Engineer
 CONTENTS
S.No. Chapters Page Number Number of Questions
1. Basic Concepts 1 7

2. Plastic Analysis 2 162

3. Limit State Method 20 2

4. Connections Bolted 21 51

5. Connection Welded 27 34

6. Eccentric Connections 32 27

7. Tension Member 36 43

8. Compression Member 40 82

9. Beam 48 47

10. Plate Girder & Gantry Girder 53 65

11. Base Plate 60 12

12. Roof Truss 62 46

13. WSM 66 9

14. Miscellaneous 68 12

Answer key 70 Total = 599

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workbook, follow following link and go to
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REFERRAL CODE: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure 1

CHAPTER

Basic Concepts 01
1. Consider the following statements related to merits of 4. Which one of the following is correct?
construction in structural steel: Steel structures are ideally suitable for impact loads
1. Structural steel has high strength per unit weight as because they have high

A
compared to RCC. (a) toughness value (b) elastic modulus
2. The steel members are slender or small in size as (c) design stress (d) plastic modulus

T
[ESE : 2008]
compared to RCC.
3. The steel structures are useful in construction of tall 5. March List-I (Properties) with List-II (Stress points

P
labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) in the stress-strain figure and select
buildings, long-span bridges and airplane hangars.
the correct answer using the codes given below the lists
Which of the above statements are correct?

U
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only List-I List-II
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only A. Yield point 3
2
[ESE : 2021]

G
STRESS
1
B. Proportional limit 4
2. Consider the following statements : C. Rupture strength
Aluminium is being increasingly used for structural D. Ultimate strength

K
STRAIN
purposes because
Codes :
1. its modulus of elasticity is double that of steel

E
A B C D
2. its coefficient of thermal expansion is half that of (a) 3 4 1 2
steel (b) 4 3 1 2

V
3. it requires less maintenance (c) 3 4 2 1

I
4. the strength to unit weight ratio aluminium is high (d) 4 3 2 1
Which of these statements are correct ? [ESE : 2001]

V
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 4 6. Some steels do not show yield plateau and show continuous
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4 curve. For such steel, how is the yield strength obtained?
[ESE : 1995] (a) By drawing 0.2% offset of the strain
3. The stress strain diagram for mild steel subjected to (b) By drawing 0.5% offset of the strain
tensile load is given below. Now consider the following (c) By drawing initial tangent
(d) By drawing initial secant modulus
statements :
[ESE : 2004]
7. Assertion (A) : In the case of mild steel, the tensile
D
strength (expressed as per unit area) of smaller diameter
Stress

A bars are more than that of larger diameter bars.

C Reason (R) : In the case of smaller diameter mild steel
B
bars, the ratio of outer hard core to total area (outer hard
core + inner soft core) is more.
Strain (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
1. The diagram represents average stress strain diagram of A
2. The diagram represents actual stress strain diagram (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct
3. A represents upper yield point explanation of A
4. B represents lower yield point (c) A is true but A is false
Which of these statements are correct? (d) A is false but R is true.
[ESE 2010]
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3 Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook
[ESE : 2004]
qqq

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2 Steel Structure

CHAPTER

Plastic Analysis 02
1. The ratio of the plastic moment capacity of a beam section 6. If YY is the centroidal axis of a T beam-section subjected
to its yield moment capacity is termed as to plastic moment Mp, the neutral axis lies,
(a) load factor (b) slenderness ratio z z

A
(c) shape factor (d) aspect ratio
[GATE-2020 SHIFT-II] y y

T
2. In the theory of plastic bending of beams, the ratio of
plastic moment to yield moment is called

P
x x
(a) shape factor
(b) plastic section modulus (a) Above the line ZZ
(c) modulus of resilience (b) Between the lines YY and ZZ

U
(d) rigidity modulus (c) Between the lines XX and YY
[GATE-2009] (d) Below the line XX

G
3. The shape of the cross-section, which has the largest [GATE-1996]
shape factor, is 7. If the section shown in the figure turns from fully elastic to
(a) rectangular (b) I-section fully-plastic, the depth of neutral axis (N.A.), —
y , decreases

K
(c) diamond (d) solid circular by
[GATE-2008]

E
60
4. The four cross sections shown below are required to be
5
ordered in the increasing order of their respective shape y

V
factors.

I
NA
60

V
(I)      (II)      (III)     (VI) 5
Which of the following order is correct Figure not to scale
(a) III, I, IV, II (b) I, II, III, IV All dimensions are in mm
(c) III, IV, I, II (d) III, IV, II, I (a) 13.75 mm (b) 10.75 mm
[GATE-2000] (c) 15.25 mm (d) 12.25 mm
[GATE-2019 SHIFT-I]
5. The shape factor of the section shown in figure is
8. The dimensions of a symmetrical welded I-section are
shown in the figure.
h 140
9

h 6.1 200

b 9
140
(a) 1.5 (b) 1.12
(c) 2 (d) 1.7 (All dimensions are in mm)
[GATE-1999]
The plastic section modulus about the weaker axis (in
cm3, up to one decimal place) is
[GATE-2018 SHIFT-I)

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Steel Structure 3

9. When the triangular section of a beam as shown below 15. A ductile structure is defined as one for which the plastic
becomes a plastic hinge, the compressive force acting on deformation before fracture
the section (with sy denoting the yield stress) becomes (a) is smaller than the elastic deformation
(b) vanishes
(c) Is equal to the elastic deformation
h (d) Is much larger than the elastic deformation
 [ESE : 1996]
16. A thin hollow box section of 400 mm × 600 mm deep
b (outer dimensions) with uniform plate thickness of
10 mm all-round is used for a beam. The plastic modulus
bhsy 2bhsy
(a) (b) of section (Zp) and its shape factor Will be
4 9
bhsy bhsy Zp(in 105 mm3) Shape factor
(c) (d) (a) 36 7/6
2 3

A
[GATE-2006] (b) 36 6/7
10. The shape factor of a rectangular section is (c) 42 6/7

T
(d) 42 7/6
(a) 1.00 (b) 1.50
[ESE : 1997]
(c) 2.00 (d) 2.50

P
17. The shape factor of the section shown in the figure below is
[GATE-1994]
40
11. The plastic modulus of a section is 4.8 × 10–4 m3. The

U
shape factor is 1.2. The plastic moment capacity of the
section is 120 kN-m. The yield stress of the material is

100
G
(a) 100 MPa (b) 240 MPa 40
(c) 250 MPa (d) 300 MPa

100
[GATE-1998]

K
12. In the plastic analysis which of the following pairs is/are

E
100 100
correctly matched?
Geometry of steel Shape 139 145
(a) (b)
section factor 82 86

V
1. Rectangle 2.0 150 160

I
2. Round 1.7 (c) (d)
91 97
3. Square 1.0 [ESE : 1998]

V
Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 18. Neutral axis distance D1 at plastic moment condition of
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 a triangular cross-section in given figure having similar
(c) 2 alone (d) 1 and 3 properties in tension and compression is
[ESE : 1995] B

13. For an I-beam, shape factor is 1.12. The factor of safety in

bending is 1.5. If the allowable stress is increased by 20%
for wind and earthquake loads D
(a) 1.10 (b) 1.25
D1
(c) 1.35 (d) 1.40
[ESE : 1995]
14. Assertion (A) : The shape factor of a circular section is 2 D
(a) D (b)
less than that of a rectangular section. 3 2
Reason (R) : Compared to rectangular section, a circular D D
(c) 3 (d)
section has more area near the neutral axis than at the 2
[ESE : 2001]
extreme fibre.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation 19. The shape factor for a solid circular section of diameter D
of A is equal to
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct D 15
(a) (b)
explanation of A 2π 2π
(c) A is true but R is false 16 πD
(d) A is false but R is true (c) (d)
3π 8
[ESE : 1996] [ESE : 2002]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

4 Steel Structure

20. At the location of the plastic hinge of a deformed structure 25. What value of the shape factor is taken for a rectangular
(a) curvature is infinite section in plastic design?
(b) radius of curvature is infinite (a) 1.0 (b) 1.5
(c) moment is infinite (c) 2.0 (d) 2.5
(d) flexural stress is infinite [ESE : 2008]
[ESE : 2003] 26. In a T-section shown in figure below, what is the distance
21. What is the ratio of the shape factors for beam cross­ of plastic neutral axis as measured down from top?
sections having rectangular, circular and triangular 400 mm
shapes and of same area?
100 mm
(a) 1.00 : 0.73 : 0.64
(b) 1.00 : 0.88 : 1.38
(c) 1.00 : 1. 13 : 1.56
(d) 1.00 : 1.56 : 1.13

500 mm
A
[ESE : 2006]

22. Match List-I (Shape of structural) with List-II (Shape

T
factor) and select the correct answer using the codes
given below the lists:

P
100 mm
List-I List-II
A. Rectangular 1. 2.0 (a) 100 mm (b) 150 mm
(c) 200 mm

U
B. Circular 2. 1.1 to 1.2 (d) 300 mm
C. I-section 3. 1.5 [ESE : 2009]
D. Diamond 4. 1.7 27. The moment capacity of a section at plastic hinge equals

G
Codes : (a) Yield moment
A B C D (b) Zero
(a) 3 1 2 4 (c) Fully plastic moment

K
(b) 2 4 3 1 (d) Twice the yield moment
(c) 3 4 2 1 [ESE : 2011]

E
(d) 2 1 3 4 28. Which one of the following is the correct ratio plastic
[ESE : 2007] moment to yield moment for a simply supported beam of

V
uniform square cross-section throughout the span?

I
23. Length of plastic hinge of a beam depends on which of the (a) 1.5 (b) 1.7
following? (c) 2.0 (d) 2.34
1. Span of the beam

V
[ESE : 2011]
2. Type of loading
3. Shape of cross-section 29. In a plastic hinge, the actual distribution of strain across
4. Yield strength of steel the section is essentially as
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2, and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 4 only
 [ESE : 2007]
(a) (b)
24. What is the distance between elastic neutral and plastic
neutral axis for the cross-section shown in figure below?
100 mm
20 mm
100 mm

(c) (d)

20 mm
(a) 60 mm (b) 50 mm  [ESE : 2011]
(c) 40 mm (d) 20 mm
[ESE : 2009]

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Steel Structure 5

30. The dimensions of a T-section are shown in the figure.
For the depth of plastic neutral axis from the top of the
T-section to be 9.583 mm, the flange width b must be
b (b) More than the yield moment capacity
10 mm
100 mm
35. The ultimate moment capacity of a mild steel section is
usually
(a) Equal to the plastic moment capacity
(c) Less than the plastic moment capacity but more than
the yield moment capacity
(d) More than the plastic moment capacity
 [ESE : 2016]
36. A square of side a is placed such that its diagonal is
horizontal. The shape factor of the square will be

10 mm a

A
(a) 100 mm (b) 110 mm
(c) 120 mm (d) 130 mm

T
[ESE : 2014]
31. The shape factors of a triangle section and a diamond

P
section are respectively
(a) 2.343 and 2.0 (b) 2.0 and 2.343
(a) 3.2 (b) 2.0

U
(c) 1.343 and 2.0 (d) 2.0 and 1.343
 [ESE : 2014] (c) 1.5 (d) 1.0
[ESE : 2020]
32. In considering Plastic Analysis, which of the following is

G
a valid comprehensive statement? 37. Match the information given in Group I with those in
(a) Shape factor is the ratio of Plastic Section Modulus Group - II.
to the Elastic Section Modulus. Group - I

K
(b) Shape factor is the ratio of Elastic Section Modulus P. Factor to decrease ultimate strength to design strength
to the Plastic Section Modulus. Q. Factor to increase working load to ultimate load for

E
(c) Shape factor is the ratio of Plastic Section Modulus design
to the Elastic Section Modulus and its value is always R. Statical method of ultimate load analysis

V
greater than 1.0. S. Kinematical mechanism method of ultimate load

I
(d) Shape factor is the ratio of Elastic Section Modulus analysis
to the Plastic Section Modulus and its value is always Group - II
less than 1.0. 1. Upper bound on ultimate load

V
[ESE : 2015] 2. Lower bound on ultimate load
33. The plastic moment capacity Mp is 3. Material partial safety factor
(a) Less than the yield moment 4. Load factor
(b) Equal to the yield moment (a) P – 1; Q – 2; R – 3; S – 4
(c) Greater than the yield moment (b) P – 2; Q – 1; R – 4; S – 3
(d) Dependent on section dimensions (c) P – 3; Q – 4; R – 2; S – 1
[ESE : 2016] (d) P – 4; Q – 3; R – 2; S – 1
34. Consider a triangular section with base b and height h as [GATE-2014 SHIFT-I]
shown in the figure. 38. A cantilever beam of length L and a cross section with shape
A factor f supports a concentrated load P as shown below:
P

h LP
L
The length Lp of the plastic zone, when the maximum
B
bending moment, equals the plastic moment Mp given by
C
Lp 1 Lp
(a) = f (b) L = L(1 – f )
b
The shape factor will be nearly L
Lp 1 L 1
(a) 2.3 (b) 3.2 (c) = 1− (d) p = 1 −
(c) 4.1 (d) 5.0 L f L f
[ESE : 2019] [GATE-2000]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

6 Steel Structure

39. Which one of the following conditions, both elastic and 44. Which one of the following is the load factor?
plastic methods of analysis of indeterminate structures Live load Failure load
have to satisfy? (a) (b)
Dead load Working load
(a) Yield condition Total load Dynamic load
(b) Mechanism condition. (c) (d)
Dead load Static load
(c) Equilibrium
(d) Compatibility of deformation  [ESE : 2000]
[GATE-1995] 45. A beam of constant EI is shown in the given figure:
Wu Wu
40. A steel beam (with a constant EI and span L) is fixed
at both ends and carries a uniformly distributed load a
1a
(w kN/m), which is gradually increased till the beam 4
3a
reaches the stage of plastic collapse (refer to the following 4
figure). Assuming 'B' to be at mid-span, which of the

A
following is true.

T
w kN/m l l
2 2

P
B Which one of the following sketches gives a probable
A C failure mechanism of this beam under plastic analysis?
L/2 L/2

U
(a)
(a) Hinges are formed at A, B and C together l l
2 2
(b) Hinges are formed at B and then at A and C together 1a 3a

G
(c) Hinges are formed at A and C together and then at B 4 4
(b)
(d) Hinges are formed at A and C only l l
[GATE-2002] 2 2

K
1a
4
41. A simply supported beam of span L supports a (c)

E
l l
concentrated load W at its midspan. If the cross­section of 2 2
the beam is an I-section, then the length of elastic-plastic 3a

V
zone of the plastic hinge will be 4
(d)
(a) L/8 (b) L/4 l l

I
2 2
(c) L/2 (d) 3L/4 [ESE : 2000]
[ESE : 1995]

V
46. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
42. A simply supported beam of uniform cross-section has 1.  Plastic hinges are reached first at sections
span L and is loaded by a point load P at its mid-span. The subjected to greatest curvature.
length of elastoplastic zone of the plastic hinge will be 2.  Formation of plastic hinges allows a subsequent
L 2L redistribution of moment until fully plastic moment
(a) (b)
3 5 is reached at each critical section.
L 3L 3. The maximum load is attained when a mechanism
(c) (d) forms.
2 4
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
[ESE : 1997] (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
43. The moment rotation curve shown in the given figure is (c) 1 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
that of a [ESE : 2001]
47. The load factor to be used for plastic design of steel
structures for dead load and imposed load is
Moment

(a) 2.2 (b) 2.0

(c) 1.7 (d) 1.5
[ESE : 2002]
48. For steel structures proportioned using plastic design,
O
Rotation
the working load (dead load + imposed load) should be
multiplied by which one of the following minimum load
(a) rigid joint (b) flexible joint factor?
(c) pin joint (d) semi-rigid joint
(a) 1.3 (b) 1.5
 [ESE : 1999]
(c) 1.7 (d) 2.0
[ESE : 2004]

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Steel Structure 7

49. A beam of square cross-section of side 'x' is composed 56. Which one of the following diagrams corresponds to the
of material whose yield stress in compression is 1.5 load-deflection characteristics upto plastic collapse of the
times the yield stress in the tension. What is the distance of beam shown below?
the neutral axis from the centre for the fully plastic condition? P
(a) 0.1x (b) 0.15x
(c) 0.2x (d) 0.25 x
[ESE : 2006]
50. Which one of the following is the correct maximum shear
capacity of a prismatic beam under plastic design of steel P
Load
structures? (a)
(a) 0.5 AwFy (b) 0.55 AwFy
Deflection
(c) 0.75 AwFy (d) AwFy

A
[ESE : 2006]
Load
51. What is the number of plastic hinges formed if an
(b)

T
indeterminate beam with redundancy R is to become
determinate?

P
Deflection
(a) R - 1 (b) R
(c) R + 1 (d) R + 2
[ESE : 2008]

U
Load

52. In the plastic analysis of a steel beam, which of the (c)

G
following assumptions is/are made?
1. Plane sections under bending remain plane at all Deflection
stages of bending
2. The stress-strain relation is bilinear, i.e. consisting

K
Load
of two straight lines.
3. Shear deformations are neglected. (d)

E
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only Deflection [ESE : 2010]

V
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
57. Consider the following statements:
[ESE : 2008]

I

1. Shape factor
53. A prismatic beam (shape factor , S) fixed at both ends 2. Length of the beam
carries UDL throughout the span. What is the ratio of

V
3. Type of loading
collapse load to yield load? 4. Yield strength of material
4 3 Which of these affect the influence length of plastic hinge
(a) S (b) S
3 4 in a beam?
5 3 (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3
(c) S (d) S (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
3 5
[ESE : 2009] [ESE : 2010]

54. A simply supported beam of uniform cross­section has 58. The identical rectangle strips are joined to form a "hat"
span L and is loaded by a point load P at its mid-span. section. What is the plastic moment capacity?
What is the length of the elastoplastic zone of the plastic 100
hinge ? 10

L 2L
(a) (b)
3 3
L 3L
100

(c) (d)
2 4
[ESE : 2009]
55. At the location of a plastic hinge
(a) radius of curvature is infinite 10 10
(b) curvature is infinite (a) 50 × 103 sy (b) 100 × 103 sy
(c) moment is infinite 3
(c) 155 × 10 sy (d) 300 × 103 sy
(d) flexible stress in infinite Where sy is yield strength of steel
[ESE : 2010] [ESE : 2010]


Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

8 Steel Structure

59. Consider the following conditions with respect to plastic 65. A prismatic steel beam is shown in the figure.
analysis: P
1. Sum of internal and external forces and moments
must be equal to zero A C

2.  At ultimate collapse load, the number of plastic B E,I

hinges must be just enough to form a mechanism.
L/3 2L/3
Which of the above conditions is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only The plastic moment, M, calculated for the collapse
(c) Neither 1 nor 2 (d) Both 1 and 2 mechanism using static method and kinematic method is
 [ESE : 2010] 2PL
(a) Mp, static = ≠ Mp, kinematic
60. If the shape factor of a section is 1.5 and the factor of 9
safety to be adopted is 2, then the load factor will be 2PL
(b) Mp, static > = Mp, kinematic
9

A
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 1.5 (d) 2 2PL
(c) Mp, static < = Mp, kinematic
9

T
[ESE : 2011]
2PL
61. For an I-beam, the shape factor is 1.12, the factor of safety (d) Mp, static = = Mp, kinematic
9

P
in bending stress is 1.5. If the allowable stress is increased
by 20% for wind or earthquake loads, then the load factor [GATE-2021 SHIFT-11]
66. The prismatic propped cantilever beam of span L and

U
is
(a) 1.10 (b) 1.25 plastic moment capacity Mp is subjected to a concentrated
(c) 1.35 (d) 1.40 load at its mid-span. If the collapse load of the beam is

G
[ESE : 2010] aMp
L the value of a is.__________.
62. The ultimate collapse load (P) in terms of plastic moment
[GATE-2018 SHIFT-II]
Mp by kinematic approach for a propped cantilever of

K
length L with P acting at its mid span as shown in figure 67. A fixed-end beam is subjected to a concentrated load
(P) as shown in the figure. The beam has two different

E
would be
P segments having different plastic moment capacities
L/2 L/2 (Mp, 2Mp) as shown.

V
X Y
P

I
2L/3
2Mp 4Mp
(a) P = P=
(b) MP
L L

V
2MP
6Mp 8Mp L
(c) P = P=
(d) L
L L
[GATE-2014 SHIFT-I] The minimum value of load (P) at which the beam would
collapse (ultimate load) is
63. For a fixed beam with span L, having plastic moment
capacity of Mp the ultimate central concentrated load will (a) 7.5 Mp/L (b) 5.0 Mp/L
be (c) 4.5 Mp/L (d) 2.5 Mp/L
4Mp Mp [GATE-2016 SHIFT-II]
(a) (b) 8L 68. A propped cantilever of span L carries a vertical
L
6Mp 8Mp concentrated load at the mid-span. If the plastic moment
(c) L (d)
L capacity of the section is Mp the magnitude of the collapse
[GATE-1999] load "
64. A propped cantilever beam in shown in figure. The plastic 8M 6Mp
moment capacity of the beam is Mp. The collapse load P (a) L p (b) L
is 4Mp 2Mp
P (c) L (d) L
[GATE-2016 SHIFT-I]

L/2 L/2

(a) 4 Mp/L (b) 6 Mp/L

(c) 8 Mp/L (d) 12 Mp/L
[GATE-1998]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure 9

69. A fixed end beam is subjected to a load W at 1/3rd span 74. The value of W that results in the collapse of the beam
from the left support as shown in figure. The collapse load shown in the adjoining figure and having a plastic
of the beam is moment capacity of Mp is
Fixed W
L/3 W Hinge
MP Z
X 2MP
y
L/2 L/2 7m 3m

(a) 16.5 Mp/L (b) 15.5 Mp/L (a) (4/21) Mp (b) (3/10) Mp
(c) 15 Mp/L (d) 16 Mp/L (c) (7/21) Mp (d) (13/21) Mp
[GATE-2015 SHIFT-II] [GATE-2011]
75. A continuous beam is loaded as shown in the figure
70. For formation of collapse mechanism in the following
below. Assuming a plastic moment capacity equal to Mp,
figure, the minimum value of Pu is cMp/L. Mp & 3Mp
the minimum load at which the beam would collapse is

A
denote the plastic moment capacities of beam sections as
P P
shown in the figure. The value of c is G H I J

T
Pu
1m 1m

P
L L/2 L/2 L/2 L/2
3MP MP
4Mp 6Mp
(a) L (b)

U
2m L
8Mp 10Mp
[GATE-2015 SHIFT-I] (c) L (d) L

G
71. A prismatic beam (as shown below) has plastic moment [GATE-2008]
capacity of MP, then the collapse load P of the beam is 76. The plastic collapse load WP for the propped cantilever
P P/2 supporting two point loads as shown in figure in terms of

K
plastic moment capacity, MP is given by

E
W W
L/2 L/2 L/3 L/3 L/3 L/3
B

V
2M 4Mp A
(a) L p (b) L 3Mp 4Mp

I
(a) L (b) L
6Mp 8Mp
(c) L (d) L 5Mp 6Mp
(c) L (d)

V
[GATE-2014 SHIFT-I]
Common data for question 72 and 73
propped cantilever made of a prismatic steel beam is
A
subjected to a concentrated load P at mid span as shown.
P
1.5 .5 m
72. If load P = 80 kN, find the reaction R(in kN) (correct to
1-decimal place) using elastic analysis_­____
[GATE-2013]
73. If the magnitude of load P is increased till collapse and
the plastic moment carrying capacity of steel beam
section is 90 kNm, determine reaction R(in kN) (correct
to 1-decimal place) using plastic analysis.
[GATE-2013]
L
[GATE-2007]
77. A cantilever beam of length L, width b and depth d is
loaded with a concentrated vertical load at the tip. If
yielding starts at a load P, the collapse load shall be
(a) 2.0 P (b) 1.5 P
(c) 1.2 P (d) P
[GATE-2005]
78. A propped cantilever of span L is carrying a vertical
R
concentrated load acting at mid-span. The plastic moment
of the section is Mp. The magnitude of the collapse load is
8M 6Mp
(a) L p (b) L
4Mp 2Mp
(c) L (d) L
[GATE-2004]
79. At the location of plastic hinge
(a) radius of curvature is infinite
(b) curvature is infinite
(c) moment is infinite
(d) flexural stress is infinite
[ESE : 1995]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

10 Steel Structure

80. A steel portal frame has dimensions, plastic moment 84. For the beam shown in the given figure, the collapse load
capacities and applied loads as shown in the figure. The P is given by
vertical load is always twice of the horizontal load. The P
collapse load P required for the development of a beam
mechanism is MP
2P 4 MP
B
C L/2 L/4 L/4
P 2MP
16M P 14M P
(a) (b)
L L
MP MP L 12M P 10M P
(c) (d)
L L
[ESE : 1995]
A D
85. A fixed beam as shown in Figure 1 is loaded with a UDL

A
L L
over the entire span, the total load being W; when load

T
3Mp 4Mp was just increased to W1, the deformed shape as shown
(a) L (b) L in Figure 1 was seen. The value of W1 (plastic moment of
resistance = Mp) is

P
6Mp 8Mp
(c) L (d) L W(UDL)
[GATE-2003]

U
81. Given figure shows a portal frame with loads. All members
of frame have same plastic moment of resistance Mp. The L

G
Figure 1
collapse load W is Plastic
Plastic
2W hinge hinge
W

K
Figure 2
24M P 16M P

E
Constant MP (a) (b)
L/2 L/2 L L
12M P 8M P

V
(c) (d)
L L

I
L/2 L/2 [ESE : 1995]
2M P 4M P 86. For a propped cantilever beam of span L with a central
(a) (b) concentrated load P, the elastic and plastic moment

V
L L
diagrams are shown in the given figures :
6M P 8M P
(c) (d)  5
L L 32PL
[ESE : 1995]
– 6 PL
82. A rectangular steel section of width 'b' and depth 'h' has 32
been stressed to yield point (sy) upto a depth of h/4
from both the top and bottom face under the action of a
moment M. The magnitude of the moment M is Elastic
10 2 1 2 MP
(a) bh σ y (b) bh σ y
24 4
11 2 13 2 MP
(c) bh σ y (d) bh σ y
48 36
[ESE : 1995]
Plastic
83. A continuous beam of constant Mp has three equal spans
and carries total uniformly distributed load W on each From these diagrams, it is clear that
span. The value of collapse load for the beam will be (a) maximum moments are distributed more
advantageously in the elastic case
12M P 8.65M P
(a) (b) (b) maximum moments are distributed more
L L advantageously in the plastic case
11.656 M P 4M P (c) bending moment distribution in both the cases is
(c) (d)
L L equally advantageous
[ESE : 1995] (d) no definite conclusion can be drawn

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Steel Structure 11

87. Consider the following definitions:
1. collapse load/service load
2. (collapse load/service load) - 1
3. ultimate stress/permissible stress
4. (ultimate stress/permissible stress) - 1
Of these definitions, those which relate to 'margin of
safety' would include
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 1 alone
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 3 alone
[ESE : 1996]
88. A fixed beam made of steel is shown in the figure below.
At collapse, the value of load P will be equal to
92. The ratio of collapse load of a propped cantilever of span
L carrying a UDL throughout the span to that of a simply-
supported beam carrying the same load is
(a) 1.457 (b) 1.500
(c) 2.000 (d) 3.000
[ESE : 1998]
93. A fixed beam is shown in the figure below. The plastic
failure load for this beam is
P
2MP MP
L

A
P
3
L
2MP 2

T
MP L
L/2 L/2

P
(a) 10 MP /L (b) 12.5 MP /L
10M P 12M P (c) 15 MP /L (d) 16.5 MP /L
(a) (b) [ESE : 1998]
L L

U
16M P 20M P 94. To transform an indeterminate frame with a degree of
(c) (d) indeterminacy 'r' into a determinate one, the number of
L L

G
[ESE : 1997] plastic hinges required is
(a) r + 2 (b) r + 1
89. A continuous beam with plastic moment capacities is (c) r (d) r – 1
shown in the given figure.

K
[ESE : 1998]
A B C
95. A propped cantilever of span L is subjected to a

E
MP MP concentrated load at mid-span. If Mp is plastic moment
0.5 MP
capacity of the beam, then the value of the collapse load
L

V
will be
The correct sequence in which the plastic hinges will 12M P 8M P

I
form in the beam is (a) (b)
L L
(a) C, A, B 6M P 4M P

V
(b) A and C simultaneously, followed by B (c) (d) 
L L
(c) B, C, A [ESE : 1999]
(d) B first then A and C simultaneously
[ESE : 1997] 96. In a plastic hinge, the actual distribution of strain across
the section will be as in
90. The figure below shows a continuous beam loaded with
concentrated loads W at the centre of each span. The
value of W at collapse will be
W W W (a) (b)

MP 0.8 MP MP

L L L
(c) (d)
(a) 3.2 Mp/L (b) 4 Mp/L
(c) 5.6 Mp/L (d) 6.4 Mp/L
[ESE : 1997]  [ESE : 1999]
91. A steel beam of rectangular cross-section is clamped at
both ends. Deformation is just observed when the UDL
on the beam is 10 kN/m. At the instant of collapse, the
load on the beam will be
(a) 10 kN/m (b 15 kN/m
(c) 20 kN/m (d) 30 kN/m
[ESE : 1998]

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12 Steel Structure

97. Given figure shows a portal frame with load. All members 101. The failure mechanism for the rigid frame shown in the
have the same plastic moment of resistance Mp The ratio given figure-I (assume constant EI) is
P1 to P2 for beam and sway mechanism is W
P1
P2 B
P E C

L
A
D

L/2 L/2 B C
(a) 1 (b) 2

A
(c) 3 (d) 4 [ESE : 1999] E
98. Which one of the following modes of failure is taken care

T
of in plastic design of a steel beam? (a)

P
(a) Plastic material deformation throughout the beam A
(b) Lateral buckling of the beam D
(c) Elastic buckling of the compression flange

U
(d) Hinge formation in the beam due to yielding of B C
steel  [ESE : 1999] E

G
99. Match List-I (Beam) with List-II (Collapse load) and
select the correct answer using the codes given below the (b)
lists :

K
A
List-I

A. Fixed beam with a central point load

E
D
B. Fixed beam with a udl of intensity 'wu' B C
C. Propped cantilever with a central point load

V
D. Simply supported beam with a central point load

I
E
List-II (c)
8M P
1.

V
A
L
16M P D
2. (d) can be (a), (b) or (c) depending upon the relative
L
6M P values of W, P and member dimensions
3. L  [ESE : 2000]
4M P 102. A continuous beam with constant EI is shown in the given
4.
L figure . Collapse load for this beam will be equal to
Codes :
W W
A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3 MP MP
(b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 2 1 4 3 L/2 L/2 2L/3 L/3
(d) 1 2 3 4  [ESE : 2000]
16M P 12M P
100. The collapse load of a simply supported beam of span (a) (b)
L L
L and fully plastic moment Mp subjected to central
concentrated load is given by 8M P 6M P
(c) (d)
4M P 6M P L L
(a) (b) [ESE : 2001]
L L
8M P 2M P
(c) (d)
L L
[ESE : 2001]

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Steel Structure 13

103. The number of possible independent mechanisms for a
portal frame shown in the given figure is
P
P List-I
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 1 (d) 3
[ESE : 2001]
107. Match List-I (Methods of Analysis) with List-II
(Conditions satisfied) and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the lists:
A. Exact plastic analysis
B. Mechanism method of plastic analysis
C. Equilibrium method of plastic analysis
List-II
1.  Equilibrium, sufficient plastic hinges and Non­
violation of plastic moment capacity
2. Equilibrium and Non-violation of plastic moment
capacity
3. Equilibrium, continuity and Non-violation of plastic

A
104. A propped cantilever beam of span L and constant plastic moment capacity
moment capacity Mp carries a concentrated load at mid- 4. Equilibrium and sufficient plastic hinges

T
span, then the load at collapse Will be Codes :
4M P 6M P A B C

P
(a) (b) (a) 3 1 2
L L
(b) 3 4 2
8M P 2M P

U
(c) (d) (c) 1 2 4
L L (d) 1 4 2
[ESE : 2001] [ESE : 2001]

G
105. Figure given below shows a fixed beam of steel.
108. A continuous beam ABC of two equal spans AB and BC
W carries a load P at Z, the centre of BC. Then the magnitude

K
MP of collapse load P is equal to
2MP
P L/2

E
L L L A B C
2 4 4 Z
At the point of collapse, the value of load W will be

V
10M P 15M P L L

I
(a) (b) L
L 2M P 4M P
(a) (b)
20M P 25M P L

V
L
(c) (d) L
L 6M P 8M P
[ESE : 2002] (c) (d) 
L L
106. A rigid plate C is fastened to steel rod A of area S and [ESE : 2002]
to steel pipe B of area 2S. The other ends of A and B are 109. For a fixed beam shown below, it has been decided to weld
fastened to rigid supports. When the force P is zero, there cover plates at ends so that moment capacity doubles at
are no stresses in A and B. The yield stresses in tension the ends. If maximum advantage has to be derived, the
and compression is sy. The collapse load P under yield length x of the plate should be
condition is W
L L
C x 2 2
A
P/2

B
2MP MP
2MP
P/2
L 2L L L
(a) (b)
(a) syS (b) 2syS 2 3
L L
σ yS (c) (d) 
(c) 3syS (d) 4 6
2 [ESE : 2003]
[ESE : 2002]

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14 Steel Structure

110. A structure has two degrees of indeterminacy. The
number of plastic hinges that would be formed at
complete collapse is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
[ESE : 2003]
111. Consider the following statements about shape factor:
1. It indicates the increase of strength of a section due
to plastic action over elastic strength.
2. It is a ratio of plastic moment of resistance to yield
point moment of resistance.
3. Beam sections which have bulk of area near neutral
114. What is the collapse load for propped cantilever beam
shown in the diagram below with a plastic moment
capacity of MP?
W
4m 2m
(a) 1.25 MP (b) 1.5 MP
(c) MP (d) 2MP
[ESE : 2004]
115. Consider the following statements :
1. The development of a plastic hinge in a determinate

A
axis will have a low shape factor. beam results in effective destruction of the beam.
Which of these statements are correct? 2. For fixed ended beams of rectangular section, the

T
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 design by elastic theory is not conservative .
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 2 and 3 3. In the ideal plastic material, if the material is stressed

P
[ESE : 2003] to a point beyond the elastic limit and is then
112. Match List-I (Assumption/Theorem) with List-II unstressed, there will not be any residual strain.

U
(Analysis and Strength) and select the correct answer Which of these statements is/are correct?
using the codes given below the lists : (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3

G
List-I
[ESE : 2004]
A. Plane section remains plane before and after bending
deformations 116. Match List-I (Type of beam) with List-II (Collapse load
wu, W) and select the correct answer using the codes

K
B. Elasticity and small deformations
given below the lists:
C. Uniqueness theorem

E
List-I List-I
D. Large deformations Wu
List-II
8M p

V
1. Elastic analysis and superposition (a) 1.
L

I
2. Strain distribution and plastic moment of resistance
3. Non-linear analysis and buckling load L/2 L/2
4. Collapse load  Wu

V
Codes : 16 M
(b) 2. 2 p
A B C D L
(a) 1 2 3 4 L/2 L/2
(b) 2 1 4 3 Wu /unit length
(c) 1 2 4 3 6M p
(d) 2 1 3 4 (c) 3.
L
[ESE : 2003] L
113. For a simply supported beam of rectangular cross-section, Wu /unit length
a point load is applied at mid span. If the superimposed 11.66 M p
load alone is considered to cause the collapse , the beam (d) 4. 2
L
is fully elastic
L
(a) for a distance of one third of beam length from either
end Wu and wu per unit length denote the collapse loads and
(b) at mid span MP denotes the plastic moment capacity of the beams
(c) for the middle third of beam length corresponding to the collapse loads.
(d) for a distance of one fourth of beam length from Codes :
either end A B C D
[ESE : 2004] (a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 3 4 1 2
(c) 3 1 2 4
(d) 2 4 1 3
 [ESE : 2004]

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Steel Structure 15

117. Assertion (A) : The principle of superposition cannot be 123. Match List-I (Loaded prismatic beam of uniform Mp)
applied in plastic design and as such all the loads must be with List- II (Plastic Load) and select the correct answer
in position simultaneously for the analysis. using the code given below the lists:
Reason (R) : The relationship between loads and List-I
deformations in the plastic range is not linear P
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A (a)
(b)  both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation of A L/2 L/2
(c) A is true but R is false P P
(d) A is false but R is true
(b)
[ESE : 2004]
118. A beam of rectangular section having simply supported L/3 L/3 L/3

A
span L, is subjected to a concentrated load at its mid-span. P
What is the length of elasto­plastic zone of the plastic
(c)

T
hinge?
L L L/2 L/2

P
(a) (b) Total P
3 4
L L
(c) (d) (d)

U
5 7
[ESE : 2005] L
119. The plastic modulus of a section is 5 × 10 m3. Its shape
–4 List-II

G
factor is 1.2 and the plastic moment capacity is 120 kNm. 4M P 16M P
1. 2.
What is the value of the yield stress of the material? L L
(a) 100 N/mm2 (b) 200 N/mm2 6M P 8M P

K
(c) 240 N/mm 2 (d) 288 N/mm2 3. 4.
L L
 [ESE : 2005]

E
Codes :
120. In a plastic analysis of structures, the segment between
A B C D
any two successive plastic hinges is assumed to deform as
(a) 4 3 1 2

V
(a) A plastic material
(b) 1 2 4 3

I
(b) A rigid material
(c) 4 2 1 3
(c) An elastic material
(d) 1 3 4 2
(d) An inelastic material

V
[ESE : 2006]
[ESE : 2005]
124. A fixed beam of length L has been loaded with central
121. For the propped cantilever beam shown in the figure
concentrated load. The beam has been strengthened at
given below, the plastic moment capacity is Mp. What is
the value of its collapse load? the supports with cover plates so that the flexural resisting
W
yield moment capacity at the ends is thrice of that at the
centre. If this capacity is to be fully effective resulting in
higher collapse load, to what length from the ends should
the cover plate extend?
L/2 L/2 (a) L/3 (b) L/4
(c) L/6 (d) L/8
4M P 6M P
(a) (b) [ESE : 2006]
L L
125. What is the ultimate load for the frame shown in the
8M P 11.7 M P figure below?
(c) (d) 
L L W
[ESE : 2005] W
a a
122. Which one of the following is not correct?
(a) The shape factor for any section is equal to MP/My 2a 2a
MP is constant
(b) For a thin-web wide-flange beam, shape factor is
close to unity
(c) For a circular section, shape factor is nearly 1.7
(d) Shape factor for an I-section sometimes may be (a) MP/a (b) 2MP/a
more than that for a rectangular section. (c) 3MP/a (d) 4MP/a
 [ESE : 2006] [ESE : 2007]

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16 Steel Structure

126. The figure below shows a fixed beam of elastic material
possessing sufficient ductility and of a uniform cross-
section. It carries a uniformly distributed load which
is gradually increased to its ultimate value Wu per unit
length, at which the beam is transformed into a failure
mechanism. What is the magnitude of Wu in terms of
the ultimate moment Mu of the beam-section and span L?
130. If a uniform beam shown in the figure below has the
plastic moment capacity MP for span AB and 0.9 MP for
span BC, what is the correct virtual work equation?
W
B C
A

2 3

L θ 2θ/3
8 Mu 12 Mu
(a) 2 (b)
L L2

A
16 Mu 24 Mu
(c) 2 (d)
L2

T
L
 2θ 
[ESE : 2007] (a) M P θ + M P  θ +  = W .2θ
 3

P
127. What is the number of plastic hinges which will cause the
2θ
overall total collapse of a structure? (b) M P θ + M P θ + 0.9 M P = W .2θ
3

U
(a) One more than the order of statical indeterminacy
(b) Equal to order of statical indeterminacy  2θ 
(c) M P θ + 0.9 M P  θ +  = W .2θ
(c) One less than the order of statical indeterminacy 3

G
(d) Not determinable  2θ 2θ 
(d) M P θ + 0.9 M P  θ + +  = W .2θ
128. Collapse moment for the frame shown below has been 3 3
worked out as MP = WL/5. [ESE : 2007]

K
What is the horizontal reaction at A at collapse conditions? 131. Plastic analysis of structures is applicable to the structures

E
W made of which one of the following?
0.2 W
(a) Ductile and brittle materials
L
(b) Any structural material

V
2MP
(c) Brittle material only

I
MP L L MP (d) Ductile material only
[ESE : 2008]

V
132. A load P is applied at the middle of a simply supported
A B beam of span L. If the beam is made of ductile material,
and Mp is the plastic moment, what is the ultimate value
(a) 0 (b) 0.1 W of P?
(c) 0.2 W (d) 0.4 W 
(a) MP/4 L (b) 2 MP/L
 [ESE : 2007]
(c) 2.5 MP/L (d) 4 MP/L
129. A portal frame has a collapse mechanism as shown [ESE : 2008]
below. What is the type?
133. A propped cantilever beam of uniform moment capacity
M0 is shown in figure below.
W

L L/4
What is the collapse load W ?
12 8
(a) Pure portal mechanism (a) M0 (b) M0
L L
(b) Panel mechanism
6 3
(c) Combined mechanism (c) M0 (d) M0
(d) Dual beam mechanism L L
[ESE : 2008]

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Steel Structure 17

134. What is the collapse load in terms of Mp and L for the 138. Assertion (A) : Load deflection characteristics of a fixed
beam shown in figure below? beam subjected to uniformly distributed load is linear up
W to collapse.
Reason (R) : Except at the zones of plastic hinges, rest of
the components are in the elastic range.
A MP (a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
C 2MP B of A
L/2 L/2 (b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
MP 5M P explanation of A
(a) (b) (c) A is true but R is false
L L
10M P 20M P (d) A is false but R is true
(c) (d)
L L  [ESE : 2010]

A
[ESE : 2009] 139. Assertion (A) : Compared to rectangular hollow section,
135. At the point of collapse, what is the value of horizontal circular hollow section possesses more plastic moment of

T
thrust at point A in the loaded frame shown in figure resistance over its yield moment.
below? Reason (R) : Circular hollow section has higher shape

P
6P factor than rectangular hollow section.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation

U
2MP of A
(b)  both A and R are true but R is not a correct

G
explanation of A
L MP MP (c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

K
 [ESE : 2010]
140. In the virtual work method of plastic analysis of steel
A D

E
structure, the virtual quantity is
L L (a) Slope (b) Moment

V
(a) 3P (b) 2P (c) Load (d) Displacement
 [ESE : 2011]

I
(c) 1.5 P (d) P
[ESE : 2009] 141. Which of the following conditions is to be satisfied both
in elastic and plastic analysis?

V
136. For the continuous beam shown in figure below, what is
the reaction at A at collapse, by plastic analysis? (a) Equilibrium condition
W (b) Yield condition
(c) Plastic moment condition
A B C D (d) Mechanism condition
[ESE : 2011]
142. For an I beam, the shape factor is 1.12. If the allowable
L L L stress (with factor of safety in bending as 1.5) is increased
wL by 20% for wind and earthquake loads, the modified
5wL
(a) (b) load factor is
12 2
(a) 1.10 (b) 1.25
7wL 13wL
(c) (d) (c) 1.35 (d) 1.40
12 24 [ESE : 2011]
[ESE : 2010]
143. The mechanism method and the statical method guide in
137. A propped cantilever of span L is subjected to a estimating
concentrated load at midspan. If Mp is the plastic moment
(a) The lower and upper bounds respectively on the
capacity of the beam, the value of collapse load will be
strength of structure
12M P 8M P (b) The upper and lower bounds respectively on the
(a) (b) L
L strength of structure
6M P 4M P (c) The lower bound on the strength of structure
(c) (d) (d) The upper bound on the strength of structure
L L
[ESE : 2010] [ESE : 2011]

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18 Steel Structure

144. A propped cantilever of span 'L' and constant plastic
moment MP, carries a concentrated load at midspan. The
load at collapse will be
2M P 8M P
(a) (b) L
L
6M P 4M P
(c) (d) one less than the degree of indeterminacy of the
L L
[ESE : 2011]
145. The number of plastic hinges required in a structure of
indeterminate status for a 'mechanism' to develop is
(a) i (b) i+1
(c) i + 2 (d) i – 1
 [ESE : 2011]
149. Consider the following statements :
1.  The virtual work method is preferred to the
equilibrium method for the determination of
collapse load in a structure.
2. The number of plastic hinges required for the total
collapse of a statically indeterminate structure is
structure.
3. In a large system the uniformly distributed load can
be replaced by a number of concentrated loads to
simplify the plastic analysis
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only

A
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only
146. What is the distance away from midspan of a plastic hinge  [ESE : 2013]

T
if developing in a simply supported beam of rectangular 150. The length of beam over which the moment is greater
cross-section and span 6 m, subjected to a point load at than the yield moment is called as the plastic hinge length.

P
the centre? What is the plastic hinge length for a simply supported
(a) Zero (b) 1 m beam of circular cross-section loaded at mid-span (shape
(c) 2 m (d) 3 m

U
factor for the section = 5/3)?
 [ESE : 2011] (a) 0.15 l (b) 0.33 l
147. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer (c) 0.4 l (d) 0.5 l

G
using the code given below the lists: [ESE : 2014]
List-I 151. For portal frame shown in the figure , collapse load w
A. Upper bound theorem has been calculated as per combined mechanism as

K
B. Lower bound theorem 16 M P
W=
C. Equilibrium of forces 3l

E
D. Ductility of the material
W
List-II

V
1. Undeformed state B E C
2. Large rotation W/4

I
l/2 MP l/2
3. Statical method
4. Mechanism method

V
Codes : 2MP l MP l
A B C D
(a) 2 1 3 4
(b) 4 1 3 2
(c) 2 3 1 4 A D
(d) 4 3 1 2
[ESE : 2012]
What is the bending moment at B at collapse conditions?
148. The plastic moment at collapse is Wl Wl
(a) (b)
P 16 8
3Wl 3Wl
(c) (d)
16 8
L L [ESE : 2014]
2 2
MP = Constant 152. For a fixed beam with a concentrated load W at 1/4 of
PL span from one end, the ultimate load is
PL
(a) (b) 16 M P 4M P
6 8 (a) (b)
3L L
PL PL
(c) (d) 32 M P 6M P
12 16 (c) (d) 
[ESE : 2012] 3L L
[ESE : 2014]

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Steel Structure 19

153. The plastic modulus of a section is 4.8 × 10–4 m3. The 159. A propped cantilever ABCD is loaded as shown in figure.
shape factor is 1.2. The plastic moment capacity of the If its is of uniform cross-section, the collapse load of the
section is 120 kN-m. The yield stress of the material is beam will be nearly
(a) 100 MPa (b) 240 MPa W
W 8
(c) 250 MPa (d) 300 MPa
[ESE : 2014] C
A
154. A propped cantilever beam shown in the figure has a B MP MP D
plastic moment capacity of M0. L L L
P 2 2 3
MP M
(a) 6.5 5. 6 P
(b)
A
C
B L L
MP M
(c) 4.7 3. 8 P

A
(d)
L/2 L/2 L L
The collapse load is [ESE : 2019]

T
4 M0 6 M0 160. Statement (I) : Plastic hinges are developed when stress
at every point is equal to yield stress.

P
(a) L (b) L
Statement (II) : Plastic hinges are formed at sections
8 M0 12 M0
(c) (d) subjected to the greatest curvature.

U
L L
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually
[ESE : 2014] true, and Statement (II) is the correct explanation

G
155. The plastic neutral axis of Statement (I)
1. Divides the given section into two equal halves (b)  Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
2. Divides the given section into two unequal parts . individually true, but Statement (II) is NOT the

K
3. Lies on the centroidal axis of the section correct explanation of Statement (I)
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false

E
(c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 only (d) Statement (I) is false, but Statement (II) is true
 [ESE : 2016]  [ESE : 2019]
156. For a rectangular cross-section, when the extreme

V
161. Which one of the following is the correct assumption
fibre strain was ey , the yield moment capacity is My What made in evaluation of fully plastic moment?

I
would be the value of the resisting moment when the (a) The upper and lower yield stresses and the modulus
extreme fibre strain is 2 ey? of elasticity have different values in compression and

V
(a) 1.000 My (b) 1.250 My
(c) 1.375 My (d) 1.550 My
[ESE : 2017]
157. A simply supported steel beam of rectangular section and
of span L is subjected to a uniformly distributed load. The
length of the plastic hinge by considering moment ratio of
1.5 will be nearly
(a) 0.27 L (b) 0.39 L
(c) 0.45 L (d) 0.58 L
[ESE : 2018]
158. A propped cantilever beam of span l and constant plastic
moment capacity M p carries a concentrated load at mid-
span. The load at collapse will be
2MP 4MP
(a) (b) [ESE : 2003]
l l
6MP 8MP
(c) l (d) l
[ESE : 2019]
tension.
(b) The material is homogeneous and isotropic in both
the elastic and plastic states.
(c) There will be resultant axial force on the beam.
(d) Some layers of the material are not free to expand
and contract longitudinally and laterally under
stress.
 [ESE : 2020]
162. In the context to the ultimate load theory for steel, the
stress-strain curve for steel is idealized as
(a) a single straight line
(b) bi-linear
(c) a quadratic parabola
(d) a circular arc
Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook
qqq

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20 Steel Structure

CHAPTER

Limit State Method 03

1. Generally the maximum deflection/span ratio of a steel 2. s per the elastic theory of design, the factor of safety is
A
member should not exceed the ratio of
(a) 1/750 (b) 1/500 (a) working stress to stress at the limit of proportionality

A
(c) 1/325 (d) 1/250 (b) yield stress to working stress
[GATE-1996] (c) ultimate stress to working stress

T
(d) ultimate load to load at yield
[ESE : 2003]

P
Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook

U
qqq

G
E K
I V
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Steel Structure 21

CHAPTER

Connections Bolted 04
1. Rivet value is defined as 5. Two bolted plates under tension with alternative
(a) lesser of the bearing strength and shearing strength arrangement of bolt holes are shown in figures 1 and 2.
of the rivet The hole diameter, pitch, and gauge length are d, p and g,
(b) lesser of the bearing strength of rivet and the tearing respectively.

A
strength of thinner plate

T
(c) greater of the bearing strength of rivet and the P d P
shearing strength of the rivet

P
(d) lesser of the shearing strength of the rivet and the
tearing strength of thinner plate Figure 1
[GATE-2004]

U
2. Identify the most efficient butt joint (with double cover g
P P
plates) for a plate in tension from the pattens (plan views)

G
shown below, each comprising identical bolts with the P
same pitch and gauge. Figure 2

K
Which one of the following conditions must be ensured

E
to have higher net tensile capacity of configuration shown
in Figure 2 than that shown in Figure 1 ?
Common elevation (a) p2 > 2 gd (b)
p2 < 4gd

V
2
(c) p > 4 gd (d) p > 4 gd

I
(a) [GATE-2016 SHIFT-II]
6. A double cover butt riveted joint is used to connect two flat

V
(b) plates of 200 mm width and 14 mm thickness as shown in
the figure. There are twelve power driven rivets of 20 mm
diameter at a pitch of 50 mm in both directions on either
(c) side of the plate. Two cover plates of 10 mm thickness
are used. The capacity of the joint in tension considering
(d) bearing and shear only, with permissible bearing and
shear stresses as 300 MPa and 100 MPa respectively is.
[GATE-2001]
50mm 50mm 50mm

3. Generally, fatigue life of welded steel structure to fatigue 50mm

life of riveted steel structure ratio is 50mm
(a) smaller than 1 (b) equal to 1 50mm
(c) greater than 1 (d) greater than 2.1 50mm
[GATE-1996] (a) 1083.6 kN (b) 871.32 kN
4. As per IS 800 1984, the minimum pitch of rivets in a row (c) 541.8 kN (d) 433.7 kN
is recommended as the diameter of the rivet times. [GATE-2010]
(a) 2.0 (b) 2.5
(c) 3.0 (d) 4.0
[GATE-1995]

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22 Steel Structure

7. A 12 mm thick plate is connected to two 8 mm thick 11. A steel plate is 30 cm wide and 10 mm thick. A rivet of
plates, on either side through a 16 mm diameter power nominal diameter 18 mm is driven. The net sectional area
driven field rivet as shown in the figure below. Assuming of the plate is
permissible shear stress as 90 MPa and permissible (a) 18.00 cm2 (b) 28.20 cm2
2
bearing stress as 270 MPa in the rivet, the rivet value of (c) 28.05 cm (d) 32.42 cm2
the joint is [ESE : 1995]
12. Which one of the following is the most important
P/2 8 mm consideration in the design of a riveted joint between
structural members when the centroid of the rivets does
12 mm P/2
not coincide with the axis of the load?
P/2 8 mm (a) Direct shear force in each rivet is proportional to its
radial distance from its centroid and the resultant
force in each rivet should not exceed its rivet value.

A
(a) 56.70 kN (b) 43.29 KN
(c) 36.19 KN (d) 21.65 kN. (b) Shear force caused in each rivet due to eccentricity

T
[GATE-2009] of the load is proportional to its radial distance from
8. A steel flat of rectangular section of size 70 × 6 mm is its centroid and the direct shear force in each rivet

P
connected to a gusset plate by three bolts each having a should be limited to half the rivet value.
shear capacity of 15 kN in holes having diameter 11.5 (c) The shear force caused in each rivet due to
eccentricity of the load is proportional to the radial

U
mm. If the allowable tensile stress in the flat is 150 MPa,
the maximum tension that can be applied to the flat is distance of the rivet from the centroid of the rivet
group and the maximum resultant force in any rivet

G
should not exceed the rivet value.
(d) The shear force caused in the rivet due to eccentricity
of load as well as direct shear force caused in the

K
15 rivet should not exceed rivet value individually.
T 20 [ESE : 1995]

E
20
15 13. The common assumption that, "all rivets share
equally a non-eccentric load" is valid at a load

V
(a) below the working load

I
35
(b) equal to the working load
(c) above the working load
(a) 42.3 kN (b) 52.65 kN (d) equal to the failure load  [ESE : 1995]

V
(c) 59.5 kN (d) 63.0 kN
14. A mild steel flat subjected to tensile force of 84 tonnes
[GATE-2007]
is connected to a gusset plate using rivets If the forces
9. Calculate the number of bolts required at the end required to shear a single rivet, to crush the rivet and to
connections of the angle to the gussets using 20 mm bolts,
tear the plate per pitch length are 5000 kg. 8000 kg and
given the allowable shear stress in the bolt 80 MPa and
6000 kg respectively, then the number of rivets required is
allowable bearing stress = 250 MPa.
(a) 12 (b) 14
Given: Gusset plate thickness = 8 mm, bolts are in double
(c) 16 (d) 17
shear, tensile force = 240 kN [ESE: 1996]
[GATE-1993]
15. In the design of framed connections, the rivets or bolts
10. Two steel plates each of width 150 mm and thickness connecting the web of the beam with connecting angles
10 mm are connected with three 20 mm diameter rivets are subject to
placed in a zig-zag pattern. The pitch of the rivets is
(a) single shearing and bearing on the web
75 mm and gauge is 60 mm. If the allowable tensile stress
(b) double shearing and bearing on the web
is 150 MPa, the maximum tensile force that the joint can
(c) double shearing and no bearing on the web
withstand is
(d) no shearing but only bearing on the web
(a) 195.66 kN (b) 195.00 kN
(c) 192.75 KN (d) 225.00 kN  [ESE :1997]
[GATE-1999]

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Steel Structure 23

16. Consider the following statements 22. Which one of the following statements regarding the
1.  To insert a 28 mm nominal diameter rivet, riveted joint shown in the given figure is correct?
29.5 mm rivet Hole made is
2.  Provision is made to allow temperature
expansion of the bolt. A B C D
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) Both 1 and 2
(b) 1only
(c) 2 only (a) In elastic theory all rivets carry equal forces
(d) Neither 1 not 2 (b) in plastic theory all rivets carry equal forces
[ESE : 1997] (c) Both in elastic and plastic theories all rivets carry
17. In a diamond riveting for a plate of width b and rivet equal forces
diameter 'd', the efficiency of the joint is given by (d) In plastic theory the outer rivets A and D carry

A
greater proportion of load
(b − d ) (b − 2d )  [ESE : 2000]

T
(a) (b)
b b 23. Load on connection is not eccentric for
(b − d ) (b − 2d )

P
(a) lap joint
(c) (d) d
d (b) single cover butt joint
[ESE : 1997] (c) double cover butt joint

U
18. In a double-riveted double-covered but joint, the strength (d) all the joints mentioned in (a), (b) and (c) of the
of the joint per pitch length in shearing the rivets is n question

G
 [ESE : 2001]
times the shear strength of one rivet in single shear where
n' is equal to 24. Two steel plates each of 12 mm thickness are connected
(a) 1 (b) 2 by a double cover butt joint by rivets shown in the given

K
(c) 3 (d) 4 figure. If the rivet diameter is 22 mm with rivet force value
[ESE : 1998] of 53150 N and permissible stress in tension of plate is 142

E
N/mm2 which one of the following section is the most
19. A structural member carrying a pull of 700 kN is connected
critical section?
to a gusset plate using rivets. If the pulls required to shear

V
the rivet, to crush the rivet and to tear the plate per pitch 1 2 3

I
length are respectively 60 kN, 35 kN and 70 kN, then the
number of rivets required will be

30 cms

V
(a) 22 (b) 20
(c) 18 (d) 12
[ESE : 1999]
20. Consider the following statements regarding pin
connections : 1 2 3
(a) Section 1-1
1. Moment at pin connection is zero
(b) Section 2-2
2. Only one pin is used in a connection
(c) Section 3-3
3. Secondary stresses do not occur
(d) Both section 1-1 and section 2-2
4. They are rigid
[ESE : 2001]
Which of these are the advantages of pin connections :
25. In a riveted joint, failure will occur due to which one of
(a) 1.3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
the following ?
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2
[ESE : 2000] (a) Shear failure of rivet
(b) Bearing failure of rivet
21. The permissible stresses in rivets under wind load
(c) Tearing failure of plate
conditions as per IS: 800 can be exceeded by about
(d) Minimum load value of shearing, bearing or tearing
(a) 15% (b) 25% failure
(c) 33% (d) 50% [ESE : 2003]
[ESE : 2000]

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24 Steel Structure

26. When the effect of wind or earthquake load is considered 33. Four bolts share the load P as shown in the figure below.
in the design of Rivets and Bolts for steel structures, The shear strength of bolts is 30 kN and tension strength
by what percentage the permissible stresses may be of bolt is 40 kN.
exceeded?
(a) 15% (b) 25%
(c) 33.33% (d) 50%
[ESE : 2004]
27. The centre to centre maximum distance between bolts in
tension member of thickness 10 mm is 45°
(a) 200 mm (b) 160 mm
(c) 120 mm (d) 100 mm P
[ESE : 2003] Which one of the following is the value of P ?
28. A 6 mm thick mild steel plate is connected to a 8 mm

A
(a) 96 KN (b) 105 kN
thick plate by 16 mm diameter shop rivets. What is the (c) 117 KN (d) 134 kN

T
number of rivets required to carry an 80 KN load? [ESE : 2007]
(a) 2 (b) 3 34. A steel plate is 300 mm wide and 10 mm thick. A rivet of

P
(c) 4 (d) 6 nominal diameter of 16 mm is driven into it. What is the
[ESE : 2004] net sectional area of the plate?
29. Consider the following statements :

U
(a) 2600 mm2 (b) 2760 mm2
1. The gross area of rivet is taken as the cross sectional (c) 2830 mm 2
(d) 2840 mm2
area of the rivet hole. 
[ESE : 2009]

G
2. The distance between the centres of the rivets should
35. A bolt designated as Hex bolt M 16 × 70 NL will have
not be less than 2.5 times the gross diameter of the
(a) diameter of 16 mm
rivet.

K
(b) diameter of 70 mm
3. In no case shall fewer than two bolts or rivets be
(c) length of 16 mm
used for attaching the lug angle to the gusset.

E
(d) cross-sectional area of 16 × 70 cm2
Which of these statements are correct?
[ESE : 2010]
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3

V
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 36. The maximum longitudinal pitch allowed in bolted joints
of tension members is

I
[ESE : 2004]
30. Assertion (A) : Deflection of a beam with bolted (a) 16 times the diameter of the bolt
connections is greater than that of a beam with (b) 32 times the diameter of the bolt

V
Riveted connections. (c) 16 times the thickness of the plate.
(d) 32 times the thickness of the plate
Reason (R) : Bolted connections allow greater slip [ESE : 2010]
between components than riveted connections.
37. A structural member carrying a pull of 700 kN is connected
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
to a gusset plate using rivets of 20 mm diameter. If the pull
of A
required for shearing the rivets, to crush the rivets and to
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
tear the plate per pitch length are 60 kN, 35 kN and 70 kN
explanation of A
respectively, then the number of rivets required is
(c) A is true but R is false
(a) 12 (b) 18
(d) A is false but R is true
(c) 20 (d) 22
[ESE : 2006]
[ESE : 2010]
31. What is the ratio of the yield stress in power driven shop
rivets relative to the permissible bearing stress of mild steel? 38. When the distance between centers of two adjacent rivets
connecting the members subjected to either compression
(a) 1.0 (b) 0.8
or tension exceeds the maximum pitch, then the additional
(c) 0.6 (d) 0.4
then the additional rivets which are not subjected to the
[ESE : 2007]
calculated stresses are known as
32. For field Rivets, the permissible stresses are reduced by
(a) Packing rivets (b) Long-grip rivets
what percentage?
(c) Tacking rivets (d) Auxiliary rivets
(a) 10% (b) 15%  [ESE : 2011]
1
(c) 25% (d) 33 %
3
[ESE : 2008]

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Steel Structure 25

39. The maximum longitudinal pitch in bolted joints
subjected to tensile forces, where t = thickness of the plate
and D = diameter of bolt, is
(a) 32 D (b) 16 D
(c) 32 t (d) 16 t
[ESE : 2011]
40. When the effect of wind or earthquake load is taken
into account in the design of a riveted connection the
permissible stresses in rivets may be exceeded by
(a) 16.66% (b) 33.33%
(c) 25% (d) 30%
[ESE : 2012]
45. What is the maximum number of 20 mm diameter bolts
that can be accommodated in a single row on a 140 mm
wide Flat strip used as one of the structural elements
involved in the process?
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d) 5
[ESE : 2015]
46. The block shear failure of a bolted joint in tension occurs
because of
1. Use of high shear strength bolts
2. Use of plates with higher bearing strength
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only

A
41. A mild steel flat subjected to a tensile force of (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
840 kN is connected to a gusset plate using rivets. If the  [ESE : 2016]

T
permissible forces required per pitch length (i) to shear 47. Statement (I) : In a bolted joint, all similarly
a single rivet. (ii) to crush the rivet and (iii) to tear the placed bolts share the load equally.

P
plate are 50 kN, 80 kN and 60 KN respectively, then the
number of rivets required is

U
(a) 12 (b) 14
(c) 16 (d) 17
[ESE : 2012]

G
42. When the load line coincides with the centroid of Statement (II): Bolts are placed in holes having
the rivet group, the rivets are subjected to slightly larger diameters

K
(a) shear only (a)  Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
(b) tension only individually true; and Statement (II) is the

E
(c) bending only correct explanation of Statement (I)
(d) shear as well as tension (b)  Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
[ESE : 2012] individually true; but Statement (II) is NOT the

V
43. An angle ISA 50 × 50 × 6 is connected to a gusset plate correct explanation of Statement (I)

I
5 mm thick, with 16 mm bolts. What is the bearing (c) Statement (I) is true; but Statement (II) is false
strength of the bolt when the hole diameter is 16 mm and (d)  Statement (I) is false; but Statement (II) is

V
the allowable bearing stress is 250 MPa? true
[ESE : 2018]
(a) 8 kN (b) 22.5 kN
(c) 20 KN (d) 24 kN 48. What is the effective net width of plate shown in the given
[ESE : 2014] sketch, for carrying tension?
44. Consider the following statements : Hole dia 25 mm
1. When analyzing by the Ultimate Load Method, the 50
eccentrically loaded fastener group rotates about an
instantaneous centre. 100
2.  The rivet which is the farthest from the centre
of gravity of the rivet group and may also be P
P
the nearest to the applied load line is the most
100
'critical' one.
3. The deformation at each rivet is not proportional to 50
its distance from the centre of rotation.
40 50
Which of the above statements are correct?
Alldiamensions
All dimensions are
areininmm
mm
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(a) 212.5 mm (b) 237.5 mm
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 250 mm (d) 275 mm
[ESE : 2015]
[ESE : 1996]

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26 Steel Structure

49. What is the effective net width of plate shown in the given 50. A steel plates 300 mm wide and 10 mm thick. A rivet of
sketch, for carrying tension? nominal diameter 18 mm is driven. The net sectional area
Hole dia 25 mm of the plate is
50 (a) 1800 mm2 (b) 2805 mm2
2
(c) 2820 mm (d) 3242 mm2
 [ESE : 2010]
100
51. Prying Forces are:
P (a) Shearing forces on the bolts because of the joints.
P
(b) Tensile forces due to the flexibility of connected parts.
100
(c) Bending forces on the bolts because of the joints.
50 (d) Forces due the friction between connected parts.
[GATE-2015 SHIFT-II]
40 50

A
Alldiamensions
All dimensions are
areininmm
mm Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook
(a) 212.5 mm (b) 237.5 mm

T
(c) 250 mm (d) 275 mm qqq
[ESE : 2003]

U P
G
E K
I V
V

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Steel Structure 27

CHAPTER

Connection Welded 05
1. For the fillet weld of size s shown in the adjoining figure, 4. Two plates of 8 mm thickness each are connected by a
the effective throat thickness is fillet weld of 6mm thickness as shown in the figure.
6

A
99°

T
50 mm 100 mm
S P P
S

P
Fillet weld 100 mm

(a) 0.61 s (b) 0.65 s The permissible stresses in the plate and the weld are 150

U
(c) 0.70 s (d) 0.75 s MPa and 110 MPa, respectively. Assuming the length of
[GATE-2012] the weld shown in the figure to be the effective length the
permissible load P(in kN) is

G
2. The effective section of a fillet weld is represented by a
triangle ABC with sides S1, S2 and S3 such that S3 > S2 > [GATE-2017 SHIFT-II]
S1. If the allowable shear stress in weld material is t the 5. Two plates are connected by fillet welds of size 10 mm

K
resistance of weld per unit length is and subjected to tension, as shown in the figure. The
thickness of each plate is 12 mm. The yield stress and

E
the ultimate tensile stress of steel are 250 MPa and
S1 S3 410 MPa, respectively. The welding is done in the workshop

V
(gmw = 1.25).
S4

I
P
S2
100 mm

V
(a) S1t (b)
S2t
(c) S3t (d)
S4t
[GATE-1992]
3. Two steel plates are lap jointed in a workshop using 6 mm
thick fillet weld as shown in the figure (not drawn to the
scale). The ultimate strength of the weld is 410 MPa.

150 mm
120 mm
Fillet P
weld
As per the Limit State Method of IS 800: 2007. the
minimum length (rounded off to the nearest higher
200 mm multiple of 5 mm) of each weld to transmit a force P equal
to 270 kN (factored) is
As per Limit State Design of IS 800 : 2007, the design (a) 90 mm (b) 105 mm
capacity (in kN, round of to three decimal places) of the (c) 110 mm (d) 115 mm
welded connection, is_______. [GATE-2016 SHIFT-I]
[GATE-2020 SHIFT-II]

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28
6. Two plates are connected by fillet welds of size 10 mm
and subjected to tension, as shown in the sketch. The
thickness of each plate is 12 mm. The yield stress and
the ultimate tensile stress of steel are 250 MPa and
410 MPa respectively. The welding is done in the
workshop (gmw = 1.25). As per the Limit State Method
of IS 800 2007, the minimum length (rounded off to the
nearest higher multiple of 5 mm) of each weld to transmit
a force P equal to
P
100 mm
150 mm
P
(a) 100 mm (b) 105 mm
(c) 110 mm (d) 115 mm
[GATE-2012]
K
7. Two plates, subjected to direct tension, each of 10 mm
thickness and having widths of 100 mm and 175 mm,
E
respectively are to be fillet welded with an overlap of 200
mm. Given that the permissible weld stress is 110 MPa and
the permissible stress in steel plate is 150 MPa, the length
V
of the weld required using the maximum permissible
I
weld size as per IS : 800-1984 is
V
100 mm
175 mm
200 mm
(a) 245.3 mm (b) 229.2 mm
(c) 205.5 mm (d) 194.8 mm
[GATE-2010]
8. A fillet-welded joint of 6 mm size is shown in the figure.
The welded surfaces meet at 60-90 degree and permissible
stress in the fillet weld is 108 MPa. The safe load that can
be transmitted by the joint is
50 mm
F F
100 mm
(a) 162.7 kN (b) 151.6 kN
(c) 113.4 kN (d) 109.5 kN
[GATE-2005]
Steel Structure
9. ISA 100 × 100 × 10 mm (Cross sectional area = 1908
mm2) is welded along A and B (Refer to figure in the
below question) such that the lengths of the weld along A
and B are l1 and l2 respectively. Which of the following is a
possibly acceptable combination of l1 and l2
A
ISA 100 × 100 × 10
A
B
T
Gusset plate
(a) l1 = 60 mm and l2 = 150 mm
P
(b) l1 = 150 mm and l2 = 60 mm
(c) l1 = 150 mm and l2 = 150 mm
U
(d) Any of the above, depending on the size of the weld
[GATE-2002]
G
10. Maximum size of a fillet weld for a plate of square edge is
(a) 1.5 mm less than the thickness of the plate
(b) one half of the thickness of the plate
(c) thickness of the plate itself
(d) 1.5mm more than the thickness of the plate
[GATE-1997]
11. One plate of size 100 mm × 12 mm is lap joined to another
plate of size 200 mm × 12 mm by fillet weld of size 10 mm.
Lap length is 100 mm. Fillet weld is provided on all the
three sides of the smaller plate. Determine the maximum
axial tension the joint could carry. Assume the plates are
of mild steel of grade 250 N/mm2.
[GATE-1997]
12. Two plates are proposed to be jointed by welding as
shown in the figure. Determine the size and length of the
weld required to develop the full strength of the smaller
plate which is 8 cm × 12. cm. Assume permissible tension
in plate is 1500 kg/cm2 and permissible shear in fillet weld
is 1025 kg/cm2.
8cm 12 cm
[GATE-1994]
13. A circular plate 100 mm diameter is welded to another
plate by means of 6 mm fillet weld. If the permissible shearing
stress in the weld equal 10 kg/mm², then the greatest twisting
moment that can be resisted by the weld will be
(a) 424p kg-m (b) 300p kg-m
(c) 212p kg-m (d) 60p kg-m
 [ESE: 1996]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
Steel Structure 29

14. ISA 100 × 100 × 10mm (Cross sectional area = 1908 mm2) 19. Match List-I (Use) with List-II (Type of weld) and Select
serves as tensile member. This angle is welded to a gusset the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
plate along A and B appropriately as shown. Assuming the List-I
yield strength of the steel to be 260 N/mm2, the tensile A. Structural members
strength of the member can be taken to be approximately B. Joining two surfaces
C. A hole made in one of
A D. Pressures applied
List-II
1. Slot weld subject to direct tension or compression
2. Seam weld approximately at right angles to each other
3. Fillet weld the components and welding is done
ISA 100 × 100 × 10 around the periphery of the hole
4. Plug weld continuously

A
5. Butt weld
Codes :

T
B
A B C D
Gusset plate (a) 5 4 1 3

P
(b) 4 3 2 1
(a) 500 kN (b) 300 kN (c) 5 3 1 2

U
(c) 225 kN (d) 375 kN (d) 4 5 3 2
[GATE-2002] [ESE : 1999]

G
15. In a fillet weld the weakest section is the 20. A welding detail is shown in figure - I
(a) smaller side of the fillet 80 75
(b) throat of the fillet 75 100

K
(c) side perpendicular to force 100 75
100
(d) side parallel to force 75

E
75
[ESE: 1996] 100
75 100
16. The effective length of the fillet weld is 80 75

V
(a) Total length – 2 × throat
8 mm weld 10 mm weld
(b) Total length – 2 × wed size

I
(c) 0.7 × total length Figure - I
(d) Total length – (weld size/ 2 ) The welding notation for the figure is

V
[ESE: 1997] 8 (80) 75(100)
17. For two plates of equal thickness, full strength of 10 75(100)
fillet weld can be ensured if its maximum size, for square (a)
edge, is limited to

(a) 1.5 mm less than the thickness
(b) 75% of the thickness 10 75(100)
(c) 80% of the thickness 8 (80) 75(100)
(d) thickness of the plate (b)
[ESE : 1998]

18. A welded fillet joint of length L can be subjected to a
maximum load of 10 (100)75
(fs = fillet size and pss = permissible shear stress) 8 (80) 100(75)
( f × L × pss) (c)
(a) (b) fs × L × pss
3
(c) (0.7)(fs × L × pss) (d) 2(fs × L × pss)
 [ESE 1998] 8 (80) 100(75)
10 (100)75
(d)


[ESE: 1999]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

30 Steel Structure

21. Which one of the following is the mode of failure in a fillet 27. For two plates of equal thickness, full strength of
weld material ? square-edged fillet weld can be ensured if its maximum
(a) Tension (b) Shear size is limited to
(c) Bearing (d) Crushing (a) 1.5 mm less than the plate thickness
 [ESE : 2001] (b) 67% of the plate thickness
22. Which of the following does not describe a weld type? (c) 80% of the plate thickness
(a) Butt (b) plug (d) Thickness of the plate
(c) Zig Zag (d) Lap [ESE : 2011]
[ESE: 2003] 28. The effective throat thickness of a fillet weld depends
23. Which one of the following is correct? upon
The permissible stresses in a weld are usually taken as (a) angle between fusion faces
(a) less than those of the parent body (b) length of weld

A
(b) equal to those of the parent body (c) permissible shear stress
(c) more than those of the parent body any desired value (d) type of weld

T
(d) any desired value [ESE : 2012]
[ESE : 2008] 29. The effective length of a fillet weld is taken as the actual

P
24. What is the safe load P that can be transmitted by the fillet- length
welded joint shown in figure below. if the safe allowable (a) plus twice the size of the weld

U
shear stress in the fillet-weld is 108 MPa ? (b) minus twice the size of the weld
(c) plus the size of the weld
6 V
(d) minus the size of the weld

G
[ESE : 2014]
30. A fillet-welded joint is shown in the figure The Size of the
50 mm

P 60 mm P

K
weld is 8 mm. Safe stress in the weld is 110 N/mm2. What
is the safe force (to the nearest magnitude) to which the

E
weld can be Subjected?
(a) 60 kN (b) 66 kN 80 mm
(c) 77 kN (d) 81 kN

V
[ESE : 2009]

I
60 mm
25. The effective length of the fillet weld is
(a) Total length – 2 × throat

V
(b) Total length – 2 × weld size
(c) 0.7 × total length (a) 125 kN (b) 130 kN
Weld size  (c) 140 KN (d) 135 kN
(d) Total length –  [ESE : 2015]
 2 
 [ESE : 2011] 31. A circular shaft of diameter 120 mm is welded to a rigid
plate by a fillet weld of size 6 mm. If a torque of 8 kNm
26. A tie bar 100 mm × 16 mm thick is to be welded to is applied to the shaft what is the maximum stress in the
another plate as shown in figure using 8 mm fillet welds. weld (to the nearest unit)?
If the tensile stress in plates is 150 N/mm² and shear stress
(a) 84 N/mm2 (b) 87 N/mm2
in weld is 110.0 N/mm², the minimum overlap required
(c) 90 N/mm2 (d) 95 N/mm2
will be 
[ESE : 2015]
32. What is the nearest magnitude of strength of a 6 mm fillet
weld at 100 mm length made between two flats each
100 mm

10 mm thick? The allowable shear. Stress on the weld is

110 MPa
(a) 23 kN (b) 33 kN
16 mm (c) 46 kN (d) 66 kN
[ESE : 2015]
(a) 50 mm (b) 75 mm
(c) 100 mm (d) 150 mm
[ESE : 2011]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure 31

33. Two plates of dimensions 150 mm × 16 mm and 150 mm
× 12 mm at their welding edges are joined by butt welding
as shown in the figure. What is the maximum tension that
this single V-butt weld joint can transmit? The permissible
tensile stress in the plates is 150 MPa.
Taper 1 in 15
(on both faces)
12 mm 16 mm
(a) 168.75 kN (b) 270 kN
34. Which of the following statements are correct in
respect of welded connections?
1. Strength of Butt weld is equal to the strength of
components joined.
2. Fillet welds carry the loads computed based on the
shear strength characteristic of fusion material.
3. For effective transmission of load by fillet weld, the
fusion faces shall subtend an angle between 60° and
120°
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
 [ESE : 2015]

A
(c) 218 N (d) 1350 kN Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook

T
[ESE : 2015] qqq

U P
G
E K
I V
V

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

32 Steel Structure

CHAPTER

Eccentric Connections
1. A group of rivets at a joint is subjected to in plane torsion
moment M. The rivets have finished areas of cross-section
Ai (i = 1, 2...., n) and distances r1(i = 1, 2, ......n) from CG of
the rivet group shown in figure. The shear force developed
06
4. A 16 mm thick gusset plate is connected to the 12mm
thick flange plate of an I-section using fillet welds on both
sides as shown in the figure (not drawn to scale). The
gusset plate is subjected to a point load of 350 kN acting

A
in ith rivet is proportional to at a distance of 100 mm from the flange plate. Size of fillet
A2 weld is 10 mm.

T
A1
350 N
100mm

P
r1 r2
An Ai 16 mm thick
rn ri gusset plate

U
500 mm 500 mm

(a) area of cross-section, Ai only

G
Fillet weld Fillet
(b) distance from CG of group, ri only I-section weld
Flange (12 mm thick)
(c) both Ai and ri
(d) polar moment of inertia of group of areas Ai    (Front view) (Side view)

K
[GATE-1992]
The maximum resultant stress (in MPa, round off to 1
2. A column is subjected to a total load (P) of 60 kN

E
decimal place) on the fillet weld along the vertical plane
supported through a bracket connection, as shown in the would be___
figure (not to scale).

V
100 mm [GATE-2019 SHIFT-I]

I
5. Four bolts P, Q, R and S of equal diameter are used for
40mm 40mm
P = 60 kN a bracket subjected to a load of 130 kN as shown in the
figure.

V
Centre line 200 mm

30 mm 130 kN
R
30 mm

Q P
240 mm
The resultant force in bolt R (in KN; round off to one R S
decimal place) is ___
[GATE-2021 SHIFT-J]
3. Rivets and bolts subjected to both shear stress (tvf, cal) and
axial tensile stress (ttf, cal) shall be so proportioned that the
stresses do not exceed the respective allowable stresses 100 mm
 τvf , cal σtf , cal  The force in bolt P is
tvf and stf, and the value of  +  does not (a) 32.50 kN (b) 69.32 kN
 τvf σtf 
 (c) 82.50 kN (d) 119.32 kN
exceed
[GATE-2018 SHIFT-II]
(a) 1.0 (b) 1.2
(c) 1.4 (d)1.8
[GATE-2008]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure 33

6. A column is subjected to a load through a bracket as 9. A bracket connection is made with four bolts of 10 mm
shown in the figure. diameter and supports a load of 10 kN at an eccentricity
of 100 mm. The maximum force to be resisted by any bolt
15 cm will be
10 cm P = 10 kN
P = 10 kN
e = 100
1
90° 30
30

40 40
10 cm
(All distance are in mm)
(a) 5 kN (b) 6.5 kN

A
The resultant force (in kN, up to one decimal place) in the (c) 6.8 kN (d) 7.16 kN
bolt 1 is______ [GATE-2007]

T
[GATE-2017 SHIFT-1] 10. A moment M of magnitude 50 kN-m is transmitted to

P
7. A bracked plate connected to a column flange transmit a column flange through a bracket by using four 20 mm
a load of 100 kN as shown in the following figure. The diameter rivets as shown in the figure The shear force
maximum force for which the bolts should be designed is induced in the rivet A is

U
KN.

G
100 kN
Bracket

100 mm
600
M

K
75 A
75
Column Fange

E
75 75 All dimensions are in mm 100 mm

V
(a) 250 kN (b) 176.8 kN

I
(c) 125 kN (d) 88.4 kN
[GATE-2004]
[GATE-2015 SHIFT-I]
11. A 12 mm bracket plate is connected to a column flange

V
8. The tension and shear force (both in kN) in each bolt of
as shown in the figure below. The bracket transmits a
the joint as shown below respectively are
load of W = 200 kN to the column flange, A 10 mm fillet
weld is provided along AB, BC and CD. If e = 350 mm,
b = 200 mm and d = 600 mm, verify if the size of the
weld provided is adequate. Allowable shearing stress in
4
3 the fillet weld can be taken to be 108 MPa.
5
b e
Pu = 250 kN
W = 200 kN
(a) 30.33 and 20 (b) 30.33 and 25 B A
(c) 33.33 and 20 (d) 33.33 and 25
[GATE-2014 SHIFT-I] d
12 mm
C D thick plate

[GATE-2000]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

34 Steel Structure

12. Compute the size of fillet weld for a bracket connection 16. Each bolt shown in the given figure is capable of resisting a
with ISMB 300 column as shown in figure. Permissible shear force of 20 kN and tension of 15 kN The interaction
shear stress in weld = 110 MPa. equation between the forces is
P
100 mm
425 mm 100 kN P

100 mm
300

Single 12 mm plate

250 mm
P P P P
+ = 1. 4 + = 1. 4

A
(a) (b)
40 30 80 15
[GATE-1996]

T
P P P P
13. A bracket connected to the flange of a column through a (c) + = 1. 4 (d) + = 1. 4
group of rivets to transfer a load of 120 kN at au eccentricity 80 30 40 15

P
of 150 mm as shown in the figure. The thickness of the  [ESE 1999]
bracket plate is 8 mm. Design the diameter of the rivets 17. In an eccentrically loaded bearing type connection,

U
if the permissible stress in single shear is 100 MPa and in Pdx and Pdy are the components of the direct load.
bearing 180 MPa. Ptx and Pty, are the components of the torsional load. The
maximum load on any connector is given by

G
120 kN
150
p/n (a) (Pdx + Ptx )2 + (Pdy + Pty )2

K
30
+ Sa (b) (Pdx + Pty )2 + (Pdy + Ptx )2
60
(Pdx − Ptx )2 + (Pdy − Pty )2

E
+ + (c)
60
+ +
(d) (Pdx − Pty )2 + (Pdy − Ptx )2

V
60 G
+ + [ESE : 2000]

I
60
+ + 18. A Bolt is subjected to shear force V and tension T.
30 The capacity of the bolt in resisting shear and tension

V
90 respectively are V0, and T0. Which one of the following
diagrams represents interact relations ?
[GATE-1991]
14. Which one of the following methods of design not suitable 1.0 1.0
for structures subjected to impact and fatigue? V V
(a) Simple design (b) Semi-rigid design (a) V0 V0
(b)
(c) Rigid design (d) Plastic design
[ESE: 1996] T 1.0 T 1.0
T0 T0
15. Assertion (A) : In structural bearing type joints, each
connection is assumed to transmit its proportional share 1.4
1.0
of the applied load. 1.0
Reason (R): Applied load passes through the centroid of V V
the connector group. (c) V0 (d) V0
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation T 1.0 T 1.0 1.4
of A T0 T0
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct  [ESE: 2006]
explanation of A 19. In a fillet weld, the direct shear stress and bending tensile
(c) A is true but R is false stress are 50 MPa and 150 MPa, respectively. As per IS 800:
(d) A is false but is true. 2007, the equivalent stress (in MPa, up to two decimal
[ESE : 1996]
places) will be ___
[GATE-2018 SHIFT-I]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure 35

20. Which one of the following is the most critical rivet in the 24. A cantilever arms to be attached to a column. Which one
joint shown in the figure given below? among the following is the best connection?
Flange (11.6 mm) (a) Framed connection
(b) Seated connection
(c) Stiffened seated connection
Bracket Plate (d) End plate connection 
1 4
(12 mm) [ESE : 2006]
300 mm

25. Match List-I (Type of connection) with List-II (Type of

beams) and select the correct answer using the code given
2 3
16 mmφ rivets below the list :
80 mm
@ 50 mm List-I
A. Semi-rigid connection
(a) No. 1 (b) No. 2 B. Framed connection
(c) No. 3 (d) No. 4

A
C. Flexible connection
[ESE : 2005] D. Seated connection

T
21. A bracket has been attached to flange of a column List-II
as shown in the figure. What is the maximum force 1. To permit large angles of rotation and to transmit

P
in the bolt? negligible moment.
100 2. To allow small end rotation and transmit appreciable
P moment.

U
30 30 3. When a beam is connected to beam or stanchion by
means of an angle at the beam which is shop-riveted

G
to the beam and an angle at the top of which is field
riveted.
40 4.  When a beam is connected to a beam or

K
stanchion by means of two angles riveted to them
40
Codes :

E
A B C D
100 (a) 2 4 3 1

V
P (b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 2 4 1 3

I
All dimensions in mm
(d) 4 2 3 1
(a) P/4 (b) P/2
[ESE : 1998]
(c) P (d) 2P

V
[ESE : 2005] 26. Which of the following apply to 'fully rigid design' of steel
structures?
22. For the welded joint shown in the figure, the direct
vertical shear stress on the weld is 40 MPa and 1. End connections are capable of transmitting moments.
the bending stress is 120 MPa For what strength should 2. Angle between members at the joint does not change.
the weld be designed ? 3. The structure is assumed to be pin-jointed.
4. A reduction in the maximum bending moment is
Front View P
Side View permitted to provide a degree of direction fixity.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
[ESE : 2002]
27. A steel beam is connected to a steel column by means of
two angles placed on the two sides of the web of the beam.
What is it called?
(a) 80 MPa (b) 120 MPa
(a) Stiffened seat connection
(c) 132 MP (d) 160 MPa
(b) Unstiffened seat connection
[ESE : 2015]
(c) Framed connection
23. A fillet weld is simultaneously subjected to factored normal (d) Rigid connection
and shear stress of 120 MPa and 50 MPa, respectively. As [ESE : 2008]
per IS 800:2007, the equivalent stress (in MPa, up to two
decimal places) is ___ Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook
[GATE-2018 SHIFT-II]
qqq

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

36 Steel Structure

CHAPTER

Tension Member
1. A steel member 'M' has reversal of stress due to live load,
whereas another member 'N' has reversal of stress due to
wind load. As per IS 800-2007, the maximum slenderness
ratio permitted is
07
6. Consider the following statements related to design of
tension member with single structural shapes and plates:
1.  The common single structural shapes are angle
sections, tee sections and channel sections.

A
(a) less for member M than that for member N 2. Single angles are not used for bracing, for light truss
tension members.

T
(b) more for member M than for member N
(c) Same for both 3. Occasionally, I sections are also used as tension
members as they have more rigidity.

P
(d) Not specified in code.
[GATE-2015 SHIFT-II] Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
2. In a steel plate with bolted connections, the rupture of the

U
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
net section is a mode of failure under [ESE : 2021]
(a) Tension (c) Flexure

G
7. Match List-I (Failure mode) with List-II (Reason) and
(b) Compression (d) Shear select the correct answer using the codes given below the
[GATE-2012] lists
3. The net effective cross sectional area calculated in the

K
List-I
steel angle tension member design, accounts for A. Shear failure of plates

E
(a) the tensile force and bolt holes B. Bearing failure of plates
(b) the eccentricity of the end connections and the bolt C. Tearing failure of plates
holes D. Splitting failure of plates

V
(c) the effectiveness of the tack connection along the List-II

I
length 1. Insufficient edge distance
(d) the effectiveness of the end connection 2. Strength of plate is less than that of the rivets
Codes :

V
[GATE-1995]
4. In the design of welded tension members, consider the
following statements:
1. The entire cross-sectional area of the connected leg
is assumed to contribute to the effective area in case
of angles.
2. Two angles back-to-back and tack-welded as per the
codal requirements may be assumed to behave as a
tee section.
3. A check on slenderness ratio may be necessary in
some cases.
The true statements are
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
[GATE-2006]
5. A plate used for connecting two or more structural
members intersecting each other is termed as
(a) Template (b) Base plate
(c) Gusset plate (d) Shoe plate
[ESE : 2003
A B C D
(a) 1 1 2 1
(b) 2 1 2 1
(c) 1 2 2 1
(d) 1 1 1 2
[ESE : 2003]
8. The design strength of a tension member is governed by
1. Rupture at a critical section
2. Yielding of gross area
3. Block shear of end region
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 3 only. (d) 1, 2 and 3
 [ESE : 2017]
9. For a pair of identical steel channel sections tack-welded
as a tension element, what is the net area of cross-section
for design purposes
(a) Net area of the webs only
(b) Net area of the flanges only
(c) Net area of the webs and flanges
(d) Web area plus a portion of the area of the flanges
 [ESE : 2007]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure
10. A single-angle tie of a welded steel truss in an industrial
shed is required to be designed for an axial tension
of 50 KN if the permissible tensile stress is 150 MPa,
then the most suitable section satisfying IS : 800 codal
requirements will be
(a) ISA 75 × 50 × 6 (b) ISA × 60 × 40 × 5
(c) ISA × 50 × 30 × 4 (d) ISA 45 × 30 × 5
 [ESE : 1996]
11. Given that
Ae = effective area of the member and
sy = yield stress
In order to obtain the ultimate strength of a tension
member, as per the plastic design concept. Aesy is to be
multiplied by
(a) 1.1 (c) 0.95
(b) 0.85 (d) 0.75
[ESE : 1997]
12. The permissible stresses for main structural steel members
under dynamic loads should be Increased by
(a) 20% (b) 25%
(c) 30% (d) 33.3%
[ESE : 1999]
13. The slenderness ratio in tension member as per BIS code
where reversal of stress is due to other than wind or
K
seismic shall not exceed
(a) 350 (b) 180
E
(c) 100 (d) 60
[ESE : 2001]
V
14. Only a portion of the area of outstanding leg in an
I
angle section serving as tension member is considered
in computing the effective area of the member. This is
because
V
(a) near the joint, the outstanding leg does not take its
full stress
(b) the outstanding leg has a number of rivet holes
reducing the net area
(c) the outstanding leg is susceptible to buckling
(d) additional safety is preferred in the case of tension
failure
[ESE : 2004]
16. Consider the following statements :
Lug angles are used to
1. increase the lengths of the end connections of angle
section.
2. decrease the lengths of the end connections of angle
section.
3.  increase the lengths of the end connections of
channel section.
4.  decrease the lengths of the end connections of
channels section.
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
[ESE : 2004]
37
17. Lug angles
(a) are necessarily unequal angles
(b) are always equal angles
(c) increase the shear resistance of joint
(d) reduce the length of joint
[ESE : 2005]
18. A steel rod of 16 mm diameter has been used as a tie in a
bracing system, but may be subject to possible reversal of
stress due to the wind. What is the maximum permitted
length of the member?
(a) 1600 mm (b) 1400 mm
(c) 1200 mm (d) 1000 mm
[ESE : 2005]
A
19. Which steel member section among the following
combinations can carry maximum load?
T
(a) A pair of angles welded on opposite sides of a gusset
plate, but not tack welded
P
(b) A pair of angles welded on opposite sides of a gusset
plate, and tack, welded along its length
U
(c) A pair of angles back on same side of a gusset plate,
and tack welded
G
(d) A pair of angles on same side of a gusset plate, but
not tack welded
[ESE : 2005]
20. An equal angle of area A has been attached to the
supported by means of a lug angle. If allowable stress
in tension is f, what is the load carrying capacity of the
member?
(a) 0.5 fA (b) 0.85 fA
(c) 0.9 fA (d) 1.0 fA
[ESE : 2006]
21. Assertion (A): Slenderness ratio of tension member is
restricted to 250 slenderness
Reason (R): Slenderness ratio for tension members is a
stiffness criterion associated with self weight
(a) both A and R are individually true and R is the
correct explanation of A
(b) both A and R are individually true but R is not the
correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R in false
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 2007)
22. How are structural members composed of two angles
back to back connected throughout their length?
(a) By locking rivets (b) By spacing rivets
(c) By gripping rivets (d) By tacking rivets
[ESE : 2008]
23. Steel of yield strength 400 MPa has been used in a
structure. What is the value of the maximum allowable
tensile strength ?
(a) 240 MPa (b) 200 MPa
(c) 120 MPa. (d) 96 MPa
[IESE : 2009]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
38
24. Consider the following statements :
Compared to mild steel, aluminium has
1. lesser ductility
2. lesser value of Young's modulus
3 lesser tensile strength
4. no definite yield point
Which of these statements are correct ?
(a) 1 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4 only
 [ESE : 2008]
25. A tension member consists of two angles placed back
to back. For which one of the following configurations,
will the load carrying capacity of the tension member be
maximum?
(a) Gusset plate is in between the two angles and tacking
rivets are provided
(b) Gusset plate is in between the two angles and no
tacking rivets are provided
(c) Gusset plate is on one side of the two angles and
tacking rivets are provided
(d) Gusset plate is on one side of the two angles and no
tacking rivets are provided
[ESE : 2009]
K
26. Two angles of ISA 100 × 100 × 6 have been used as a tie
member. The angles are welded on either side of a gusset
E
and tag welded over its length. The maximum length of
the member is : (For ISA 100 × 100 × 6, Area = 2334 mm2
V
and rxx = 30 mm)
I
(a) 5.4 m (b) 6.0 m
(c) 12.0 m (d) 24 m
[ESE : 2013]
V
27. A mild steel tube of mean diameter 20 mm and thickness
2 mm is used as an axially loaded tension member. If
fy = 300 MPa, what the maximum load that the member
carry?
(a) 11.25 kN (b) 22.5 kN
(c) 30.0 kN (d) 37.5 kN
[ESE : 2014]
28. The best-suited rolled steel selection for a tension member
is
(a) angle section (b) T-section
(c) channel section (d) flat section
[ESE : 2014
29. As per IS code, the maximum longitudinal pitch allowed
in bolted joints of tension members is nominally
(a) 12 times the thickness of the plate
(b) 12 times the diameter of the bolt
(c) 16 times the thickness of the plate
(d) 16 times the diameter of the bolt
[ESE : 2016]
Steel Structure
30. Consider the following statements with reference to the
design of welded tension members.
1. The entire cross-sectional area of the connected leg
is assumed to contribute to the effective area in the
case of angles
2. Two angles back-to-back and tack-welded as per the
codal requirements may be assumed to behave as a
tee-section
3. A check on slenderness ratio may be necessary in
some cases.
Which of the above statements are correct
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 only
A
 [ESE : 2018]
31. A single angle of thickness 10 mm is connected to a gusset
T
by 6 numbers of 18 mm diameter bolts with pitch of 50
P
mm and with edge distance of 30 mm. The net area in
block shear along the line of the transmitted force is
(a) 1810 mm2 (b) 1840 mm2
U
(c) 1920 mm 2
(d) 1940 mm2
[ESE : 2018]
G
32. A tie bar 50 mm × 8 mm is to carry a load of 80 kN. A
specimen of the same quality steel of cross-sectional area
is 250 mm2. For a maximum load of 125 kN carried by the
specimen, the factor of safety in the design will be.
(a) 3.0 (b) 2.5
(c) 2.0 (d) 1.5
[ESE : 2020]
33. A tie bar 50 mm × 8 mm is to carry a long of 80 kN.
A specimen of same quality steel of cross-sectional area is
250 mm2. If the maximum load carried by the specimen
is 125 kN, the gauge length will be
(a) 133 mm (b) 126 mm
(c) 113 mm (d) 106 mm
[ESE : 2020]
34. What is the maximum slenderness ratio permitted as per
IS : 800 - 1984 for design of a tie member subjected to
reversal of stress due to earthquake?
(a) 180 (b) 250
(c) 300 (d) 350
[ESE : 2006]
35. A tension member of a roof truss carries a factored load
of 430 kN. By considering the strength in yield, what
is the gross area required to carry this load? (Consider
Fe 250 grade steel)
(a) 1892 mm2 (b) 1978 mm2
(c) 1903 mm2 (d) 2150 mm2
[ESE : 2021]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
Steel Structure 39

36. In the case of a tension member consisting of two angles 41. The capacity of a single ISA 100 × 100 × 10 mm as tension
back to back on the same side of gusset plate, what is k member connected by one leg only using 6 rivets of
equal to? (Area of connected leg = A1, Area of outstanding 20 mm diameter is
leg = A2) (a) 333 kN (b) 253 kN
3 A1 3 A1 (c) 238 kN (d) 210 kN
(a) (b)
3 A1 + A2 A1 + 3 A2 The allowable stress is 150 N/mm
5 A1 5 A1 [ESE : 2010]
(c) A + 5 A (d)  42. Two equal angles, each being ISA 100 mm × 100 mm of
1 2 5 A1 + A2
[ESE : 2006] thickness 10 mm, are placed back to back and connected
to either side of a gusset plate through a single row of
Common Data for Questions 37 and 38 16 mm diameter rivets in double shear. The effective areas
A truss tie consisting of 2 ISA 75 × 75 × 8 mm carries a pull of the connected and unconnected legs of each of these
of 150 kN. At ends the two angles are connected, one each on angles are 775 mm² and 950 mm2 respectively if these

A
either side of a 10 mm thick gusset plate, by 18 mm diameter angles are not tack-riveted the net effective area of this

T
rivets arranged in one row. The allowable stresses in rivet are pair of angles is
fs = 90.0 N/mm2 and fbr = 250 N/mm2. (a) 3650 mm2 (b) 3450 mm²

P
37. Maximum tensile stress in the tie in N/mm2 is (c) 3076 mm2 (d) 2899 mm2
[ESE : 2012]
(a) 93.6 (b) 87.5
43. Two equal angles ISA, 100 mm × 100 mm of thickness

U
(c) 77.2 (d) 66.0
[GATE-2003] 10 mm are placed back-to-back and connected to the
either side of a gusset plate through a single row of 16 mm

G
38. Minimum number of rivets required at each end is
diameter rivets in double shear. The effective area of the
(a) 2 (b) 3 connected and unconnected legs of each of these angles
(c) 4 (d) 5 are 775 mm2 and 950 mm2, respectively. If these angles

K
[GATE-2003] are not tack riveted, the net effective area of this pair of
39. What is the allowable direct tensile stress in structural angles is

E
steel (approximately)? (a) 3650 mm2 (b) 3450 mm2
(a) 0.45 fy (b) 0.6 fy (c) 3076 mm 2
(d) 2899 mm2

V
(c) 0.66 fy (d) 0.80 fy [GATE-2004]

I
where fy is yield stress or proof stress
 [ESE : 2008] Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook

V
40. An equal angle of area A has been welded on one side of qqq
a Gusset plate and carries tension along the axis. What is
the effective area of angle?
(a) 0.5 A (b) 0.75 A
(c) 0.875 A (d) A
[ESE : 2008]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

40 Steel Structure

CHAPTER

Compression Member
1. A steel column is restrained against both translation and
rotation at one end and is restrained only against rotation
but free to translate at the other end. Theoretical and
design (IS: 800 – 2007) values, respectively, of effective
08
7. As per IS: 800 – 1984, the maximum allowable slenderness
ratio of compression members carrying forces resulting
from dead load and superimposed load is
(a) 180 (b) 250

A
length factor of the column are (c) 300 (d) 400
(a) 1.0 and 1.0 (b) 1.2 and 1.0 8. Consider the following statements for a compression

T
(c) 1.2 and 1.2 (d) 1.0 and 1.2 member:
[GATE-2019 SHIFT-II] 1. The elastic critical stress in compression increases

P
2. The square root of the ratio of moment of inertia of the with decrease in slenderness ratio.
cross-section to its cross-sectional area is called 2.  The effective length depends on the boundary

U
conditions at its ends.
(a) second moment of area 3.  The elastic critical stress in compression is
(b) slenderness ratio independent of the slenderness ratio.

G
(c) section modulus 4. The ratio of the effective length to its radius of
(d) radius of gyration gyration is called as slenderness ratio.
[GATE-2009] Which of the above statements are correct?

K
3. In the design of lacing system for a built-up steel column, (a) 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 4
the maximum allowable slenderness ratio of a lacing bar (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4

E
is [GATE-2009]
(a) 120 (b) 145 9. Consider the following statements:

V
(c) 180 (d) 250 1.  Effective length of a battened column is usually

I
[GATE-2003] increased to account for the additional load. On
4. The effective length of a circular electric pole of length L battens due to the lateral expansion of columns.
2. As per IS: 800-1984, permissible stress in bending

V
and constant diameter erected on ground is,
compression depends on both Euler buckling stress
(a) 0.80 L (b) 1.20 L
and the yield stress of steel.
(c) 1.50 L (d) 2.00 L 3. As per IS: 800-1984, the effective length of a column
[GATE-1996]
effectively held in position at both ends but not
5. In IS 800 (1984), the permissible compressive stress in restrained against rotation, is taken to be greater
column is based on than that the ideal end conditions.
(a) Euler formula The true statements are:
(b) Secant formula (a) 1 and 2 (c) 1 and 3
(c) Rankine - Gordan formula (b) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Rankine - Merchant formula [GATE-2006]
[GATE-1996] 10. Consider the following two statements related to
6. The width to thickness ratio limitations on the plate structural steel design, and identify whether they are
elements under compression in steel members are TRUE or FALSE.
imposed by IS : 800 – 1984 in order to avoid I. The Euler buckling load of a slender steel column
(a) too large a deflection of the element before reaching depends on the yield strength of steel.
yield stress II. In the design of laced column, the maximum spacing
(b) too large a deflection of the member before reaching of the lacing does not depend on the slenderness of
column as a whole.
yield stress
(a) Both statements I and II are TRUE
(c) local buckling of the element before reaching the
(b) Statement I is TRUE, and Statement II is FALSE
yield stress
(c) Statement I is FALSE, and Statement II is TRUE
(d) fabrication difficulties (d) Both Statements I and II are FALSE
[GATE-1995] [GATE-2001]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure
11. A strut in a steel truss is composed of two equal angles
ISA, 150 mm × 150 mm of thickness 10 mm connected
back-to-back to the same side of a gusset plate. The cross-
sectional area of each angle is 2921 mm2 and moment
of inertia (Ixx = Iyy) is 6335000 mm4. The distance of the
centroid of the angle from its surface (Cx = Cy) is 40.8
mm. The minimum radius of gyration of the strut is
(a) 93.2 mm (b) 62.7 mm
(c) 46.6 mm (d) 29.8 mm
[GATE-2004]
12. Statement (I) : To achieve maximum value for minimum
radius of gyration of compression members; without
increasing the area of the section, a number of elements
are placed away from the principal axis using suitable
lateral systems.
Statement (II) : Batten shall be placed at 40° to 70° to the
axis of built-up members.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A
(b)  both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 2021]
K
13. For a laced column, the minimum width of the lacing
bars when using 20 mm nominal diameter rivets is
E
(a) 65 mm (b) 60 mm (a) bending failure (b) shear failure
(c) 55 mm (d) 50 mm
V
[ESE : 2021]
I
14. Consider the following statements related to batten plates:
1. These normally consist of flat plates, connecting the
components of the built-up columns in two parallel
V
planes.
2. These are used for triaxial loading.
3. The design of battened columns and the design of
battens are usually governed by IS code requirements.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2 only
[ESE : 2021]
15. Consider the following for local capacity of section:
1. Local section failure is usually encountered in the
case of short stocky beam-columns with relatively
smaller axial compression ratio and beam-columns
bent in reverse curvature.
2. The strength of end section reached under combined
axial force and bending, governs the failure.
3. The strength of the section may be governed by
plastic buckling of plate elements in the case of
plastic, compact and semi-compact sections.
Which of the above statements are correct ?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3 only
[ESE : 2021]
41
16. The most critical consideration in the design of rolled
steel columns carrying axial loads is the
(a) percent elongation at yield and the net cross sectional
area
(b) critical bending strength and axial yield strength of
the material
(c) buckling strength based on the net area of the section
and percent elongation at ultimate load
(d) compressive strength based on slenderness ratio and
gross cross sectional area of the member
 [ESE : 1997]
17. Two equal angles form compound column cross-
section as shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4
A
T
P
1 2 3 4
Among these, those which have the same axial
U
compression load carrying capacity would include
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
G
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
[ESE : 1997]
18. In the case of structural steel sections, the MINIMUM
ratio of thickness of elements compression, in terms of
their outstanding length is specified to prevent
(c) local buckling (d) tension failure.
19. The effective length of a structural steel compression
member of length L effectively held in position and
restrained against rotation at one end but neither held in
position nor restrained against rotation at the other end,
is
(a) L (b) 1.2 L
(c) 1.5 L (d) 2.0 L
20. Which one of the following is the most critical set of
considerations in the design of rolled steel columns
carrying axial loads?
(a) Percent elongation at yield and the net cross sectional
area
(b) Critical bending strength and axial yield strength of
the material
(c) Buckling strength based on the net area of the
section and percent elongation at ultimate load
(d) Compressive strength based on slenderness ratio
and gross cross sectional area of the member
 [ESE : 1999]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
42 Steel Structure

21. Assertion (A) : Battening of columns shall be done where
the columns are subjected to eccentric loading in the
plane of battens.
Reason (R) : Batten plates are designed to resist moments
and longitudinal forces arising due to transverse shear
force.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A
(b) both A and R are true but is not a correct
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
26. Match List-I (Type of member) with List-II (Slenderness
ratio) and select the correct answer using the codes given
below the list
List-I
A. For compression members carrying dead and
superimposed loads
B. For members carrying compressive loads due to
wind or seismic forces only
C. For members carrying tension but in which the
reversal of stress occurs due to wind or seismic
forces
List-II

A
22. M60 structural steel tube has a radius of gyration 20 mm. 1. 350
The unbraced length upto which the tube can be used as a 2. 180

T
compression member, is 3. 250
(a) 3.6 m (b) 5.0 m Codes :

P
(c) 6.0 m (d) 7.2 m A B C
[ESE : 2001] (a) 1 2 3

U
23. The elements that are normally subjected to combined (b) 2 3 1
bending and axial forces are (c) 3 1 2

G
(a) struts in reinforced concrete members (d) 1 4 2
(b) the members in long span bridges [ESE : 2002]
(c) columns in framed structures 27. A compression member has a centre to centre length of

K
(d) space truss members 4.0 m. It is fixed at one end and hinged at the other end.
[ESE : 2002] The effective length of the column

E
24. The effective length of the member shown in the figure is (a) 4.0 m (b) 3.2 m
equal to (c) 2.8 m (d) 2.6 m

V
[ESE : 2002]

I
28. An electric pole 5 m high is fixed into the foundation. It
carries a wire at the top and is free to move sideways The
effective length at the pole is

V
L (a) 3.25 m (b) 4.0 m
(a) 1.2 L (b) 1.5 L
(c) 2.0 L (d) 3.0 L
[ESE : 2002]
25. In a compression member plate element may buckle
locally before the entire member fails. To avoid this,
which of the following recommendations are made?
1.  Thickness of members is taken in lengths of
compression members.
2. Length of element is increased
3. Length of member is increased
4. Length of outstand is decreased
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 4
[ESE : 2002]
(c) 5. 0m (d) 10.0 m
[ESE : 2003]
29. Design of a simple element in steel uses one of more of the
following
1. Net area of cross-section
2. Full area of cross-section
3. Buckling criterion
4. Crushing (or yielding) criterion
Which of the above criteria are valid for the design of a
column?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
[ESE : 2003]
30. A steel column in a multi-storeyed building carries an
axial load of 125 N. It is built up of 2 ISMC 350 channels
connected by lacing. The lacing carries a load of
(a) 125 N (b) 12.5 N
(c) 3.125 N (d) Zero
[ESE : 2003]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure
31. For a compression member having the same effective
length about any cross-sectional axis, the most preferred
section from the point of view of strength is
(a) A box (b) An I-section
(c) A circular tube (d) A single angle
 ESE : 2003]
32. Assertion (A) : In double-laced system of a built up
column cross member perpendicular to the longitudinals
axis of the column is not used.
Reason (R) : Lacing bars are forced to share the axial load
on the strut.
(a) both A and R true and R the correct explanation |
of A
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 2003]
33. What is the maximum slenderness ratio for a steel
member carrying compressive loads resulting from dead
loads and imposed loads?
(a) 180 (b) 250
(c) 350 (d) 400
[ESE : 2004]
K
34. Consider the following statement :
E
1. As far as practicable, lacing system shall not be
varied throughout the length of the strut.
2.  Single laced systems on opposite sides of the
V
components shall preferably be in mutually opposite
I
directions, so that one is not the shadow of the other
3. Rolled sections or tubes of equivalent strength may
V
be used as lacing bars instead of flats.
Which of these statements are comer?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
 [ESE : 2004]
35. What is the maximum slenderness ratio of lacing bars in
built-up columns?
(a) 120 (b) 145
(c) 180 (d) 200
[ESE : 2004]
36. Where should splices in the columns be provided
(a) At the Floor levels
(b) At the mid height of columns
(c) At the beam-column joints
(d) At one-fourth height of columns
[ESE : 2005]
37. Why are tie plates provided in laced columns?
(a) To check the buckling of column as a whole
(b) To check the buckling of the lacing flats
(c) To check the buckling of the component column
(d) To check the distortion of the end cross sections
 [ESE : 2005]
43
38. The slenderness ratio of lacing bars should not exceed .
(a) 100 (b) 120
(c) 145 (d) 180
[ESE : 2005]
39. Which one of the following is a compression member?
(a) Purlin (b) Boom
(c) Girt (d) Tie 
[ESE : 2005]
40. Assertion (A) : Angle of inclination of lacing bars in a
built-up column is constrained as 70° > f > 40° where f is
angle of lacing with vertical.
Reason (R) : When this limit is not maintained, the total
A
length of the bar will be large
(a) both A and R are true and R is the corect
T
explanation of A
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
P
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
U
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 2006]
G
41. An industrial portal frame shown has weak floor beams.
What is the effective length of column?
4m
(a) 3 m (b) 4 m
(c) 6 m (d) 8 m
[ESE : 2006]
42. What is the maximum permissible slenderness ratio of a
major compression member which undergoes reversal of
stress due to wind load?
(a) 180 (b) 250
(c) 300 (d) 400
[ESE : 2006]
43. Which one among the following is the correct ratio of
effective length to actual length of a discontinuous angle
strut, if ends are welded?
(a) 0.65 (b) 0.85
(c) 1.0 (d) 1.2
[ESE : 2006]
44. What is the maximum permissible longitudinal pitch in
staggered riveted compression joints ?
(a) 500 mm (b) 400 mm
(c) 300 mm (d) 100 mm 
[ESE : 2007]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
44 Steel Structure

45. A compound column has been fabricated with 4 angles
of ISA 50 × 50 × 6 placed at corners of a square 300 mm
× 300 mm. The radius of gyration of the angles 10 mm.
For the fabricated column, the overall slenderness ratio
is 40. What is the maximum distance between lacing bar
attachments at the fabricated columns?
(a) 500 mm (b) 400 mm
(c) 300 mm (d) 280 mm
[ESE : 2007]
46. What is the maximum permissible slenderness ratio for
steel ties likely to be subjected to compression?
(a) 400 (b) 350
51. Which one of the following values represents the
maximum slenderness ratio of any connection member
which normally acts as a tie in a roof truss but can be
subjected to possible reversal of stresses from the action
of wind or seismic force?
(a) 150 (b) 200
(c) 250 (d) 350 
[ESE : 2009]
52. The batten plates used to connect the components of a
built-up column are designed to resist
(a) longitudinal shear only
(b) transverse shear only
(c)  longitudinal shear and moment arising from

A
(c) 250 (d) 180 transverse shear
[ESE : 2008] (d) vertical shear only

T
[ESE : 2010]
47. Which of the following parameters govern the permissible
53. In ISMC 400 channels placed back to back spacing of

P
stress in compression in columns.
26 cm carry an axial load of 160 tonnes. The lacing system
1. Modulus of section should be designed to transverse shear of
2. Effective length

U
(a) 16 tonnes (b) 12 tonnes
3. Radius of gyration (c) 8 tonnes (d) 4 tonnes
Select the correct answer using the codes given below. [ESE : 2010]

G
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only 54. Match List-I (Type) with List-II (Recommended
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only slenderness ratio) and select the correct answer using the
 [ESE : 2006] codes given below the lists :

K
48. Which one of the following forces is used for the design of List-I

E
battens of a built-up column? A. Single angle in roof trusses
(a) Axial load (b) Twisting moment B. Double angles in roof trusses
C. Single I section in columns

V
(c) Vertical shear (d) Transverse shear
 [ESE : 2008] D. Double I section in column

I
List-II
49. Which one of the following graphs represents the 1. 80-150
compressive strength (sbc) versus slenderness ratio (l) ? 2. 30-60

V
σy 3. 100-180
σy 4. 60-100
Codes :
(a) σbc (b) σbc
A B C D
λ λ (a) 3 4 1 2
(b) 2 4 1 3
σy
σy (c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 2 1 4 3
(d) σbc 55. Consider the following stipulations designing a
(c) σbc
laced column
1.  Single lacing systems on opposite planes shall
λ λ
preferably be in the same direction so that one is the
50. A column bearing truss in an open industrial shed is shadow of the other.
6m height between its own base and the bottom of the 2. Lacing bar should be a flat section.
truss. What is the effective height of the column taken for 3.  The slenderness ratio of the lacing bars for
calculation of compressive strength? compression shall not exceed 180.
(a) 4.8 m (b) 6.0 m 4.  Laced compression members are to be provided
with tie plates at ends.
(c) 7.2 m (d) 9.0 m
Which of these observations is/are correct?
[ESE : 2009]
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
[ESE : 2010

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure 45

56. The most critical consideration in the design of a rolled
steel column carrying axial loads is the
(a) Percentage elongation at yield and the net cross-
sectional area
(b) Critical bending strength and axial yield strength of
material
(c)  Buckling strength based on the net area of the
section and percentage elongation at ultimate load
(d) Compressive strength based on slenderness ratio
gross cross sectional area 
[ESE : 2011]
57. Top chord of a truss is continuous over joints l apart.
Effective lengths of the member in the plane perpendicular
63. A column is effectively held in position and restrained in
direction at one end but is free at the other end. If the
actual length is L, the effective length is
(a) 0.67 L (b) L
(c) 1.5 L (d) 2L
[ESE : 2012]
64. The effective width of outstand in compound steel
columns for design purposes is equal to
(a) half the flange width
(b) distance of the free edge from the rivet line
(c) distance of the free edge from the stiffeners
(d) distance of the free edge to the nearest row of rivets
[ESE : 2013]

A
to the truss is 
(a) 0.7 l (b) 0.85 l 65. For a steel built-up column subjected to an axial force of

T
(c) l (d) 1.5 l  1200 kN, the lacing system is to be designed for resisting
[ESE : 2011] transverse shear of

P
58. Consider the following parameters with regards to (a) 15 kN (b) 20 kN
slenderness ratio of a compression member. (c) 25 kN (d) 30 kN

U
1. Material  [ESE : 2013]
2. Sectional configuration 66. Which one of the following four shapes for a compound,
3. Length of member

G
column of the same effective height formed with two equal
4. Supported conditions
angles has the largest axial compressive load carrying
On which of these parameters does the slenderness ratio capacity?
of a compression member depend ?

K
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (a)

E
 [ESE : 2012]
59. A column member of length l which cannot sway has a

V
rigid foundation at its bottom. Its top is held with heavy

I
beams. The effective length of the column is
(a) 1.5 l (b) 1.0 l (b)
(c) 0.8 l (d) 0.65 l

V
[ESE : 2012]
60. Through which of the following responses may a steel
tubular hinged strut fail?
1. Compression 2. Bending
3. Overall buckling 4. Torsion (c)
5. Skin buckling
(a) 2, 4 and 5 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 3, 4 and 5 (d) 1, 3 and 5
[ESE : 2012]
61. A steel column pinned at both ends has a buckling load
of 200 KN. If the column is restrained against lateral
(d)
movement at its mid-height, its buckling load will be

(a) 200 kN (b) 283 kN
(c) 400 kN (d) 800 kN
[ESE : 2012]
62. In laced columns, end tie-plates are provided to [ESE : 2013]
(a) check the buckling column
(b) keep the column components in position
(c)  check the distortion of column sections at ends
because of unbalanced horizontal force from lacings.
(d) prevent rotation of elements
[ESE : 2012]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

46
67. Which of the following statements are correct?
1. In a steel compound column section, the width will
be smaller when they are placed face to face than
when they are placed back to back
2. In the design of steel compound columns the length
of battens are normally longer than the lacings.
3.  Lacings in a steel compound column are
designed as slender compression members.
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
 [ESE : 2013]
68. The effective length of a battened strut of actual length L,
effectively held in position at both ends but not restrained
in direction, is taken as
(a) L (b) 1.1 L
(c) 1.5 L (d) 1.8 L
[ESE : 2014]
69. The slenderness ratio (as per IS 800) of a member, carrying
compressive loads arising from combined dead loads and
imposed loads, should not exceed
(a) 180 (b) 250
(c) 350 (d) 380
[ESE : 2014]
70. Lacing of compound steel columns
K
(a) increases the load-carrying capacity
(b) decreases the chances of local buckling
E
(c) decreases overall buckling of the column
(d) assures unified behaviour
V
[ESE : 2014]
I
71. When designing steel structures, one must ensure that
local buckling in webs does not take place. This check may
not be critical when using rolled steel sections because
V
(a) quality control at the time of manufacture rolled
sections is very good
(b) web depths available are small
(c) web stiffness is built-in in rolled sections
(d)  depth to thickness ratio of the web is always
appropriately adjusted
[ESE : 2014]
72. For a compression member with double angle section,
which of the following sections will give larger value of
minimum radius of gyration ?
(a) Equal angles back-to-back
(b) unequal angles with long legs back-to-back
(c) Unequal angles with short legs back-to-back
(d) None of the above 78. A beam column for a non-sway column in a building
[ESE : 2014]
73. Battens provided for a compression member shall be
designed to carry a transverse shear equal to
(a) 2.5% of axial force in the member
(b) 5% of axial force in the member
(c) 10% of axial force in the member
(d) 20% of axial force in the member
 [ESE : 2014]
Steel Structure
74. ISMB 100 (rx = 40 mm, ry = 10 mm) has been used as
a column in an industrial shed. Along The minor axis,
the column has restraints in the form of purlins at
1.0 m intervals. Effective length factor along major and
minor axes are 1.2 and 1.0 respectively. If the slenderness
ratio is restricted to 120, the maximum column height
will be
(a) 1.0 m (b) 2.4 m
(c) 4.0 m (d) 4.8 m
 [ESE : 2016]
75. As per IS 800 : 2007, the permitted slenderness ratio for
bracing member in case of hangers shall be
(a) 140 (b) 145
A
(c) 150 (d) 160
[ESE : 2016]
T
76. Consider the following statements in respect of column
P
splicing :
1.  Spices should be provided close to the point of
inflection in a member
U
2. Splices should be located near to the point of lateral
restraint in a member
G
3. Machined columns for perfect bearing would need
splices to be designed for axial force only
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
 [ESE : 2018]
77. Consider the following statements for the design of a
laced column
1. In a bolted construction, the minimum width of the
lacing bar shall be three times the nominal diameter
of the end bolt
2. The thickness of the flat of a single lacing system
shall be not less than one-fortieth of its effective
length
3. The angle of inclination of the lacing bar should be
less than 40° with the axis of the built-up column
4. The lacing shall be designed for a transverse shear of
2.5% of the axial load on the column
Which of the above statements are correct
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[ESE : 2018]
frame is subjected to a factored axial load of 500 KN
factored moment at bottom of column of 45 kNm. For
ISHB 200, the values are A = 4750 mm2 y = 45.1, h = 200
mm, b = 200 mm, bf = 9 mm and the effective length is 0.8
L. Its buckling load will be
(a) 910 kN (b) 930 kN
(c) 950 N (d) 980 kN
[ESE : 2019]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
Steel Structure 47

79. The splicing of a column becomes necessary, where
(a) The available length of structural steel is less than the
required length of the column.
(b) Section is same throughout at all focus.
(c) Only riveted columns are to be designed
(d) Splices should be designed to carry axial loads only.
 [ESE : 2020]
80. As per IS 800 : 2007, the cross-section in which the
extreme fibre can reach the yield stress, but cannot
develop the plastic moment of resistance due to failure by
local buckling is classified as
(a) Plastic section
81. A member is subjected to axial compression Effective
length 3000 mm. Size of the angle used 100 × 100 ×
10 mm. What is the maximum capacity (if fy = 250 MPa)?
(a) 101.2 kN (b) 81.7 kN
(c) 59.2 kN (d) 95.1 kN
[ESE : 2004]
82. 2-ISMB 300 × 140 sections are acting as a compound
column. The height of the columns is 4000 mm. Two
sections are spaced 400 mm, centre to centre. In the
longitudinal direction there is runner at the top of the
column. What is the maximum capacity of the column in
compression.

A
(b) Compact section (fy = 250 MPa)?
(c) Semi-compact section (a) 2002 kN (b) 1629 kN

T
(d) Slender section (c) 1501 kN (d) 1799 kN
[GATE-2013] [ESE : 2004]

P
Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook

U
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G
E K
I V
V

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

48 Steel Structure

CHAPTER

Beam
1. A steel section is subjected to a combination of shear and
bending action. The applied shear force is V and shear
capacity of the section is Vs. For such a section, high shear
force (as per IS 800-2007) is defined as
09
6. A steel beam supporting loads from the floors slab as well
as from wall is termed as
(a) Stringer beam (b) Lintel beam
(c) Spandrel beam (d) Header beam

A
(a) V > 0.6 Vs (b) V > 0.7 Vs [GATE-1999]

T
(c) V > 0.8 Vs (d) V > 0.9 Vs 7. Allowable average shear stress in an unstiffened web for
[GATE-2014 SHIFT-I] beams made of steel of grade 250 N/mm2 is

P
2. Assuming that there is no possibility of shear buckling in (a) 250 N/mm2 (b) 165 N/mm2
2
the web, the maximum reduction permitted by IS 800- (c) 150 N/mm (d) 100 N/mm2
[GATE-1997]

U
2007 in the (low-shear) design bending strength of a
semi-compact steel section due to high 0shear is 8. Which one of the following factors does not affect the
(a) 25% lateral buckling strength of a steel I-section undergoing

G
(b) 50% bending about its major axis?
(c) governed by the area of the flange (a) Boundary conditions at the ends
(d) zero (b) Radius of gyration about the minor axis of the section

K
[GATE-2019 SHIFT-1] (c) Radius of gyration about the major axis of the section
(d) Laterally unsupported length of the compression

E
3. The semi-compact section of a laterally unsupported flange
steel beam has an elastic section modulus, plastic section [GATE-1993]
modulus and design bending compressive stress of

V
9. The adjoining figure shows a schematic representation of
500 cm3, 650 cm3 and 200 MPa, respectively. The design

I
a steel plate girder to be used as a simply supported beam
flexural capacity (expressed in kNm) of the section is with a concentrated load. For stiffeners, PQ (running
[GATE-2016 SHIFT-I] along the beam axis) and RS (running between the top

V
4. When designing steel structures, one must ensure that and bottom flanges) which of the following pairs of
local buckling in webs does not take place. This check statements will be TRUE?
may not be very critical when using rolled steel sections
because
(a) Quality control at the time of manufacture of rolled R
P Q
sections is very good S

(b) Web depths available are small

(c) Web stiffeners are in-built in rolled sections
(d) Depth to thickness ratios (of the web) are
appropriately adjusted
[GATE-2002]
5. An ISMB 500 is used as a beam in a multi-storey
construction. From the view point of structural design, it
can be considered to be laterally restrained' when,
(a) The tension flange is laterally restrained
(b) The compression flange is 'laterally restrained
(c) The web is adequately stiffened
(d) The conditions in (a) and (c) are met
[GATE-2002]
L L
(a) i. RS should be provided under the concentrated load
only.
ii. PQ should be placed in tension side of flange
(b) i. RS helps to prevent local buckling of the web.
ii. PQ should be placed in the compression side of the
flange.
(c) i. RS should be provided at supports.
ii. PQ should be placed along the neutral axis.
(d) i. RS should be provided away from points of action
of concentrated loads.
ii. PQ should be provided on the compression side of
the flange.
[GATE-2011]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure
10. A rolled I-section beam is supported on a 75 mm wide
bearing plate as shown in the figure. Thickness of flange
and web of the l-section are 20 mm and 8 mm, respectively.
Root radius of the I-section is 10mm. Assuming: material
yield stress, fy = 250 MPa and partial safety factor for
material. gmo = 1.10
Beam (I-section)
Bearing plate
75 mm
As per IS: 800-2007, the web bearing strength (in KN,
round off to 2 decimal places) of the beam is____
[GATE-2019 SHIFT-II]
11. Which of the following assumptions are correct for the
lateral torsional buckling of an l-section beam?
1. The beam is initially distorted.
2. Its behaviour is elastic.
3. It is loaded by equal and opposite end moments in
the plane of the web.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
K
[ESE: 2020]
E
12. A cantilever steel beam of 3 m span carries a uniformly
distributed load of 20 kN/m inclusive of self weight. The
V
beam comprises ISLB 200@198 N/m flange 100 mm ×
7.3 mm, web thickness 5.4 mm
I
Ixx = 1696.6 cm4, Iyy = 115,4 cm4
Bending and shear stresses in the beam respectively
V
(a) 530.47 N/mm2 and 55.55 N/mm2
(b) 3899.48 N/mm2 and 82 19 mm2
(c) 132.62 N/mm2 and 27.28 N/mm2
(d) 1949.74 N/mm² and 41.10 N/mm2 
[ESE : 1997]
13. The allowable shear stress in stiffened webs of mild steel
beams decreases with
(a) decrease in the spacing of the stiffeners
(b) increase in the spacing of the stiffeners
(c) decrease in the effective depth
(d) increase in the effective depth
[ESE : 1997]
14. The rolled steel section used in a cased beam has width
'B' mm and diameter 'D' mm. The minimum width of the
finished cased beam in mm is given by
(a) (B + 50) (b) (B + 100)
(c) (B + D + 100) (d) 2(B + D)
[ESE : 1997]
49
15. In a simply supported beam of span L each end is
restrained against torsion, compression flange being
unrestrained. According to IS : 800, the effective length of
the compression flange will be equal to
(a) L (b) 0.85 L
(c) 0.75 L (d) 0.70 L
[ESE : 1999]
16. A simply supported beam of 8 m effective span carries
uniformly distributed load of 2 kN/m (inclusive of self
load) over the effective span. If the permissible bending
stress is 160 MPa, then most suitable shape and size would
be a
A
(a) solid circular section of diameter = 110 mm, area =
9500 mm² and section modulus = 130660 mm3
T
(b)  solid rectangular section of size 60 mm × 100
mm deep, area 6000 mm² and maximum section
P
modulus = 100,000 mm 3
(c) T-section of size 200 mm × 200 mm × 10 mm
U
thickness, area = 3900 mm2 and maximum section
modulus = 105,780 mm3
G
(d) I-section of size 80 mm × 150 mm deep × 10 mm
thickness, area = 2900 mm2 and maximum section
modulus = 129100 mm3
[ESE : 2001]
17. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
(a) Truss : Bending
(b) Beam : Twisting
(c) Column : Buckling
(d) Shaft : Shortening
[ESE : 2001]
18. The maximum shear force at a section is 56 KN. An ISWB
of height 350 mm, breadth 200 mm, thickness of web 8
mm, with a section modulus of 887 cm³ is used as a beam
at the section. The shearing stress is
(a) 10 N/mm2 (b) 20 N/mm²
2
(c) 28.4 N/mm (d) 41.6 N/mm²
 [ESE : 2001]
19. In selecting a rolled l-section for a simply supported beam,
along with minimum sectional modulus, a minimum,
value of span/depth ratio also ensured. This is stipulated
to ensure that
(a) the buckling of beam does not take place
(b) the shear stress in beam remains within permissible
limit
(c) the deflection of beam remains within permissible
limit
(d)  the bending stress in compression is within
permissible limit.
 [ESE : 2002]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
50
20. A symmetrical channel section is made of a material
which is equally strong in tension and compression. It is
used as a simply supported beam with its web horizontal
to carry vertical loads. It will
(a) be strongest if the web is used as top face
(b) be strongest if the web is used as bottom face
(c) be equally strong in (a) and (b) above
(d) not be possible to state which of the above statements
is correct
 [ESE : 2002]
21. The critical bending compressive stress in the extreme
fibre of a structural steel section is 1000 MPa. It is given
that the yield strength of the steel is 250 MPa, width of
flange is 250 mm and thickness of flange is 15 mm. As
per the provisions of IS: 800-2007, the non-dimensional
slenderness ratio of the steel cross-section is
(a) 0.50 (b) 2.00
(c) 0.25 (d) 0.75
[GATE-2019 SHIFT-II]
22. A simply supported beam of span 4000 mm is loaded with
a uniformly distributed load of 30 kN/m. fy for the material
is 250 MPa. Which rolled steel section is required?
(a) ISMB 500 (b) ISMB 400
(c) ISMB 300 (d) ISMB 600
K
 [ESE : 2004]
E
23. How are the most commonly produced and used
structural elements in frames, floor beams, etc. with high
moment of inertia about x-axis, are designated?
V
(a) ISWB-section (b) ISLB-section
I
(c) ISMB-section (d) ISHB-section
 [ESE : 2004]
V
24. An angle is connected to the back of the flange of a
channel section to be used as a beam as shown in the
diagram below.
This is done to
(a) increase the compression flange area
(b) increase the moment of inertia about the major axis
(c) increase the moment of inertia about the minor
axis bearing of the beam.
(d) make the load pass through the shear centre
 [ESE : 2004]
Steel Structure
25. In beam to column connections in steel construction,
if torsion is permitted at the ends of simply supported
beams by not providing the cleats, the
(a) effective length of the beam increased by 20%
(b) effective length remains same as the actual length
(c) permissible bending stresses are increases by around
10%
(d) joint has to be designed for torsion
[ESE : 2004]
26. What is the failure of a section shown in the figure above
called?
A
T
P
1. Web buckling
2. Web crippling
U
3. Web crimpling
4. Column buckling
G
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
[ESE : 2008]
27. A cantilever steel beam of 3 m span carries a uniformly
distributed load of 20 kN/m inclusive of self weight. The
beam comprises ISLB 200@198 N/m flange 100 mm × 7.3
mm, web thickness 5.4 mm ; Ixx = 1696.6 cm4, Iyy = 115.4
cm4. What is the maximum bending stress in the beam?
(a) 132. 62 N/mm2 (b) 530. 47 N/mm2
(c) 1949. 74 N/mm 2
(d) 3899. 48 N/mm2
[ESE : 2009]
28. An ISMB 300 beam has modulus of section of
600 × 103 mm3. Plates of 200mm × 10 mm are added by
welding them one on each flange to have total depth of
section as 320 mm. What is the section modulus of the
plated section?
(a) 462 × 103 mm3 (b) 550 × 103 mm3
3 3
(c) 710 × 10 mm (d) 1220 × 103 mm3
[ESE : 2009]
29. Consider the following statements :
Torsional restraint in a beam can be achieved by providing:
1. Web or flange cleats at the end connections
2. External support to the end of the compression
flange
3.  Bearing stiffness acting in conjunction with the
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
 [ESE : 2009]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
Steel Structure
30. The allowable shear stress in stiffened webs of
mid steel beams decreases with
(a) Decrease in the spacing of the stiffeners
(b) Increase in the spacing of the stiffeners
(c) Decrease in the effective depth
(d) Increase in the effective depth
[ESE : 2011]
31. Consider the following statements in respect of design of
web and flange splices :
1. Flange splice shall be designed for actual BM at the
section
2. Flange splice shall be designed to resist the actual
shear at the section.
3. Web splice shall be designed to resist the actual shear
at the section.
4.  Web splice shall be designed for actual BM.
Which of these statements are correct ?
(a) 1 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 4
 [ESE : 2011]
32. The allowable shear stress in the web of mild steel
beams decreases with
(a) Decrease in h/t ratio
(b) Increase in h/t ratio
K
(c) Decrease in thickness
(d) Increase in height
E
[ESE : 2011]
33. Consider the following statements :
V
Web crippling due to excessive bearing stress can be
I
avoided by
1. Increasing the web thickness
2. Providing suitable stiffeners
V
3. Increasing the length of the bearing plates .
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3
[ESE : 2011]
34. An ISMB 500 is used as a beam in a multistorey
construction. From the viewpoint of structural design, it
can be considered to be 'laterally restrained' when
(a) the tension flange is laterally restrained
(b) the compression fiange is laterally restrained
(c) the web is adequately stiffened
(d) the conditions in both (a) and (c) are met
 [ESE : 2012]
35. Deflection limitation over beam are imposed because
excessive deflection may cause,
(a) undesirable twisting and distortion of end connection
(b) problem in drainage system
(c) psychological effect on user
(d) All of above
[ESE : 2012]
51
36. ISMB 250 (Ze-410 × 103 mm3) has been chosen as a beam
cross-section to resist a bending moment. Two plates
100 mm × 10 mm are welded to each flange to enhance
the moment capacity. The enhanced moment capacity is
(a) 71.5 kNm (b) 79.5 kNm
(c) 99.0 kNm (d) 148.0 kNm
 [ESE : 2013]
37. The problems of lateral buckling can arise only in those
steel beams which have
(a) moment of inertia about the bending axis larger
than the other
(b) moment of inertia about the bending axis smaller
than the other
A
(c) fully supported compression flange
T
(d) None of the above
38. Hanger connections are made when
P
(a) Beam as well as girder is meeting at different level. A
plate or hanger is interposed between the beam and
the girder finally interconnected by means of angle
U
cleats or bolts and rods.
(b) Beam as well as girder is meeting at level. A plate is
G
interposed between the beam and the girder.
(c) The beams are meeting at different levels. A hanger
is interposed between the beams and finally inter
connected by means of angle cleats or bolts and rods.
(d) The girders are meeting at same level A plate is
interposed between the girders and finally inter
connected by means of bolts and roads.
 [ESE : 2020]
39. In a design of beam columns, the values of plastic section
ratio bb= 1 the plastic sectional modulus Zpz = 3948812
mm3 the yield stress fy = 250 N/mm2 and critical moment
of MCr = 16866 × 106 Nmm. The non-dimensional lateral
torsional slenderness ratio will be nearly
(a) 0.141 (b) 0.242
(c) 0.323 (d) 0.424 
[ESE : 2020)
40. The problem of lateral buckling can arise only in those
steel beams which have
(a) moment of inertia about the bending axis larger
than the other
(b) moment of inertia about the bending axis smaller
than the other
(c) fully supported compression flange
(d) none of these
[GATE-1999]
41. The maximum allowable compressive stress
corresponding to lateral buckling in a discretely laterally
supported symmetrical I beam does not depend upon
(a) the modulus of elasticity
(b) the radius of gyration about the minor axis
(c) the span/length of the beam
(d) the ratio of overall depth to thickness of the flange
[GATE-1995]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
52 Steel Structure

42. Assertion (A) : Web crippling occurs at a section where
heavy vertical load in applied .
Reason (R) : There is stress concentration in the vicinity
of the load .
(a) both A and R are true and R is the corect
explanation of A
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
 [ESE : 2003]
43. In a situation where torsion is dominant, which one of the
45. Localized bearing stress caused by transmission of
compression from the wide flange to the narrow web
causes a failure called
(a) web buckling (b) web shear flow
(c) web bearing (d) web crippling
 [ESE : 2014
46. Web crippling is caused by
(a) Excessive bending moment
(b) Failure of web under point loads
(c) Width of flanges
(d) Column action of web
 [ESE : 2016]

A
47. Which of the following assumptions are correct for ideal
following is the desirable section? beam behaviour ?

T
(a) Angle section (b) Channel section 1. The compression flange of the beam restrained from
(c) I-section (d) Box type section moving laterally.

P
[ESE : 2005] 2.  The tension flange of the beam restrained from
moving laterally.

U
44. Which of the following steel sections should preferably be 3. Any form of local buckling is prevented
used at places where torsion occurs (a) 2 and 3 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1 only (d) 3 only

G
(a) Box-type section (b) Channel section
(c) Angle section (d) Any of the above [ESE : 2019]
[ESE : 2011]
Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook

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Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure
Plate Girder & Gantry Girder
1. In a plate girder, the web plate is connected to the flange
plates by fillet welding. The size of the fillet welds is
designed to safely resist
(a) the bending stresses in the flanges
(b) the vertical shear force at the section
(c) the horizontal shear force between the flanges and
the web plate
(d) the forces causing buckling in the web
[GATE-2004]
2. A plate girder I-section is made by groove welding stress
free web plate to two stress-free flange plates. After cooling
of the welds to the room temperature, the residual stress
would be
(a) tensile at the free edges of the flanges
K
(b) compressive at the free edges of the flanges
(c) compressive at the flange web intersection
E
(d) zero everywhere
[GATE-1993]
V
3. Intermediate vertical stiffeners are provided in plate
I
girders to
(a) eliminate web buckling
V
(b) eliminate local buckling
(c) transfer concentrated loads
(d) prevent excessive deflection
[ESE : 1995]
4. The thickness of web for unstiffened plate girder with
clear distance 'd' between the flanges shall not be less than
(a) d/200 (b) d/85
(c) d/100 (b) d/160 
[ESE : 1996]
5. Assertion (A) : The flange area method of design of plate
girders is an approximate method.
Reason (R) : Bending stresses in compression and tension
flanges are assumed to be linearly distributed.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the explanation
of A
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a c explanation
of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
 [ESE : 1999]
53
CHAPTER
10
6. At a section along the span of a welded plate girder. where
the web is spliced, the bending moment is M. If the girder
has top flange, web and bottom flange plates of equal area,
then the share of the bending moment which would be
A
taken by the splice plates would be
T
(a) M (b) M/3
(c) M/7 (d) M/13
P
[ESE : 1997]
7. Consider the following statements :
U
Bearing stiffeners are provided in a plate girder
1. to avoid local bending failure of flange
G
2. to prevent buckling of web
3. to strengthen the web
4. under the uniformly distributed loads
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 4
[ESE : 2000]
8. As Per IS : 800 in the case of a plate girder with vertical and
horizontal stiffeners, the greater and lesser unsupported
clear dimension of a web panel in terms of web thickness
'tw' should not exceed respectively
(a) 180 tw and 85 tw (b) 270 tw and 200 tw
(c) 270 tw and 180 tw (d) 400 tw and 250 tw
 [ESE : 2000]
9. In a plate girder bridge the thickness of web is less than
d′/200 where d′ is the unsupported depth of web. The web
plate should be provided with
(a) vertical stiffeners
(b) horizontal stiffeners
(c) end stiffeners
(d) both vertical and horizontal stiffeners
 [ESE : 2001]
10. Gross flange area for a riveted plate girder is to be
designed considering net area as 80% of its gross area.
Consider width of the flange as 500 mm while web plate as
1000 mm × 12 mm. The girder is to resist a maximum
BM of 4500 kN-m. Maximum allowable bending stress
in tension is 150 MPa. Gross flange area is
(a) 22000 mm2 (b) 35500 mm2
(c) 46000 mm 2
(d) 73000 mm2

[ESE : 2002]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
54
11. The effective flange area in tension of a plate girder is
equal to
AW
(a) Af (b) A f +
2 flange angles so that curtailed flanges match the
AW AW
(c) A f + (d) Af +
8 6
where Af is the area of each flange and Aw is the web area. span so that rain water may not enter and corrode
 [ESE : 2002]
12. Assertion (A) : Compared to riveted plate girders, in welded
plate girders a thicker web must be used.
Reason (R) : Omission of flange angles increases in
the clear of the web and web thickness is controlled by
buckling criterion.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the explanation
of A
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a c explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 2003]
13. Consider the following statements :
Horizontal stiffener is provided when
1. the depth of webs is small.
K
2. tendency to web buckling is less.
3. vertical stiffeners becomes too close.
E
4. only thin plates are available for web.
Which of these statements are correct?
V
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 and 4
I
(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4 
[ESE : 2004]
V
14. Af , is the area of flanges and Aw is the area of web. What
is the effective flange area in the design of a plate girder?
(a) Af + Aw/8 (b) Af + Aw/6
(c) Af – Aw/8 (d) Af – Aw/6
[ESE : 2004]
15. In a crane gantry girder, a channel is provided at the top
flange girder. This accounts for bending in
(a) horizontal plane only
(b) vertical plane only
(c) horizontal and vertical planes
(d) horizontal and vertical planes and twisting
 [ESE : 2004]
16. For a vertical stiffened web of a plate girder, the lesser
clear dimension of the panel should not exceed ('t' is the
thickness of the web)
(a) 85t (b) 180t
(c) 200t (d) 250t 
[ESE : 2005]
Steel Structure
17. Consider the following statements in respect of plate
girders :
1. A large number of cover plates are provided over
bending moment diagram exactly.
2. At least one cover plate should extend over the entire
the connections
3. A minimum of one-third of flange area should be
provided in flange angles and balance in flange cover
plates for stability.
Which of these statements are correct?
A
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
T
[ESE : 2005]
18. Consider the following statements :
P
Bearing stiffeners , in plate girders, are
1. provided at supports.
U
2. provided under concentrated loads.
3. provided alternately on the web.
G
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3
[ESE : 2005]
19. The outstand of the flange of built-up beams from the line
of connection should not extend beyond
(a) 10 T (b) 85 T
256T
(c) (d) 180 tw
fy
(where T is the thickness of flange and tw is the thickness
of web)
 [ESE : 2005]
20. A plate girder of depth d bears a concentrated load P
through a distribution plate of width 0.5d as shown in
the figure. If the maximum allowable critical buckling
stress is calculated as f. What is the value of P? Web plate
thickness = t
P
0.5 d
d
(a) 0.5 dtf (b) 1.0 dtf
(c) 1.5 dtf (d) 2.0 dtf
[ESE : 2006]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
Steel Structure 55

21. A welded plate girder has a web plate 1500 mm x 6 mm.
Which one of the following is correct about stiffening the
web?
(a) The web is left unstiffened
(b) The web is provided with vertical stiffeners only
(c) The web is provided with vertical stiffeners and a
horizontal stiffener at 0.4 d from the top flange
(d) The web is provided with vertical stiffener and two
rows of horizontal stiffeners , one at 0.4 d from the
top flange and another at the mid­height of the web
 [ESE : 2006]
22. Which one of the bolts in a web splice of a plate girder as
26. Horizontal stiffeners are needed in plate girders if the
thickness of web is
(a) < 6 mm
(b) < d/200
(c) <L/500
(d) nearly equal to flange thickness
where d = distance between flanges; L = span
 [ESE : 2007]
27. Which one of the following is correct?
An intermediate vertical stiffener connected to the
web is designed to withstand a shearing force of not less
than

A
shown in the figure is stressed maximum? 100t 150t 2
(a) (b)
h

T
1 h
125h 125t 2
(c) (d) 

P
2
t2 h
3 where t is web thickness in mm and h is the outstand of

U
stiffener in mm.
[ESE : 2008]

G
4
28. For a welded plate girder with vertical stiffeners, What is
(a) Bolt - 1 (b) Bolt - 2 the maximum depth of web provisionable in design when
(c) Bolt - 3 (d) Bolt - 4 the thickness of the web plate is 5 mm?

K
[ESE : 2006] (a) 425 mm (b) 1000 mm
23. Why are intermediate vertical stiffeners provided in plate (c) 1250 mm (d) 200 mm 

E
girders? [ESE : 2009]
(a) To eliminate web buckling 29. A symmetric plate girder is of I-section of depth D. The

V
(b) To eliminate local buckling flange plates are of area Af, each and the web plate is of

I
(c) To transfer concentrated loads area Aw. What is the plastic section modulus of the above
(d) To prevent excessive deflection  section provisionable for design ?

V
[ESE : 2007] Aw   A + Aw  D
  f 
24. A symmetrical plate girder has been fabricated with (a)  A f +  D (b) 6 
4
three equal plates. If a circular hole of diameter equal to
 Aw   A + Aw  D
half of its height is centrally cut in the web, what is the (c)  A f +  D (d)  f 
8 12 
approximate ratio of the strength of this punctured girder
to that of the girder?  [ESE : 2009]
(a) 93% (b) 85% 30. At a section along the span of a welded plate girder, in
(c) 75% (d) 56% which the web is spliced, the bending moment at a section
[ESE : 2007] is M. The girder is comprised of top flange ; web and
bottom flange plates all of equal areas. The share of the
25. Consider the following statements pertaining to
bending moment taken by splice plates would be
intermediate stiffeners :
1.  Stiffeners are provided to exclusively bear M
(a) M (b)
concentrated loads. 3
2. Stiffeners should bear tightly against top and bottom M M
(c) (d)
flanges. 7 13
3. Maximum spacing of stiffeners is restricted 180t, [ESE : 2010]
where 't' is the thickness of web.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 3 only (d) 2 only 
[ESE : 2007]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

56 Steel Structure

31. The thickness of web for unstiffened plate girder 36. Bearing stiffeners in plate girders are provided to
with clear distance 'd' between the flanges shall be not less (a) decrease the effective depth of web
than (b) transfer the load from the top flange to the bottom
flange
d d
(a) (b) (c) prevent buckling of web
200 85
(d) increase the bearing capacity of the flange
d d
(c) (d)  [ESE : 2013]
100 160
[ESE : 2011] 37. In a plate girder, the web is primarily designed to resist
32. Assertion (A) : In a plate girder of uniform cross­section, (a) torsional moment (b) shear force
intermediate vertical stiffeners are provided at closer (c) bending moment (d) diagonal buckling
spacing in the middle rather than at supports. [ESE : 2014]
38. A welded plate girder, consisting of two flange plates of

A
Reason (R) : Intermediate vertical stiffeners are provided
350 mm × 16 mm each and a web plate of 1000 mm ×
to prevent the web from buckling under a complex and
6 mm, requires

T
variable stress situation resulting from combined action
(a) no stiffeners
of shear force and bending moment.

P
(b) horizontal stiffeners
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation (c) intermediate vertical stiffeners
of A (d) vertical and horizontal stiffeners

U
(b) both A an. d R are true but R is not a correct [ESE : 2014]
explanation of A 39. Horizontal stiffener in a plate girder is provided to

G
(c) A is true but R is false safeguard against web buckling due to
(d) A is false but R is true (a) shear
[ESE : 2011] (b) compressive force in bending

K
33. Consider the following provisions to possibly improve (c) tensile force in bending
(d) heavy concentrated load

E
the shear capacity of a steel girder :
1. Horizontal stiffeners [ESE : 2014]
2. Vertical stiffeners 40. The serviceability criterion for a plate girder design is

V
3. Column splice based upon

I
4. Bearing stiffeners (a) width of flange
Which of these are correct? (b) depth of web

V
(c) minimum thickness of web
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 3 and 4 only
(d) stiffness of web
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 2 and 3 only
[ESE : 2014]
 [ESE : 2012]
41. Consider the fol owing statements:
34. In a steel plate girder the web plate is connected to the
1. The thickness of the gusset plate should not be more
flange plates by fillet welding. The size of fillet welds is
than the thickness of the structural members being
designed to safely resist.
connected.
(a) the bending stresses in the flanges 2. A plate girder is essentially a beam and its moment
(b) the vertical shear force at the section of resistance depends upon its section modulus.
(c) the horizontal shear forces between the flanges and 3. The function of the flanges in a plate girder is to resist
the web plate the bending moment and hence their respective
(d) the forces causing buckling in the web. areas can be reduced near the supports of a simply
 [ESE : 2012] supported beam.
35. At a certain location of a plate girder of web size 1000 mm Which of the above statements are correct?
× 10 mm, a pair of bearing stiffeners 100 mm × 5 mm is (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
welded. The effective area of bearing stiffeners is (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
(a) 1000 mm2 (b) 2000 mm2 [ESE : 2015]
(c) 3000 mm 2 (d) 5000 mm2
[ESE : 2013]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure
42. Consider the following statements :
In a plate girder
1.  Bearing stiffness are designed for bearing forces
and they must also be checked for safety against
compressive forces.
2. The length of any staggered intermittent fillet weld
should not be less than 10 times the thickness of
the stiffener.
3. Bearing stiffeners must be provided at the point of
maximum bending moment.
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
 [ESE : 2015]
43. Which of the following statements are correct in case of
vertical intermediate stiffeners?
1. These are required only when the ratio of web depth
to thickness is greater than 150.
2. They should be provided throughout the length of
beam at spacing less than 1.5 times web depth.
3. These can be fitted between flanges with clear gaps at
top and bottom.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
K
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
[ESE : 2015]
E
44. Assertion (A) : At positions of curtailment of flange plates
in a built-up structure, web stiffeners are also necessarily
V
to be provided.
I
Reason (R) : This improves the architectural beauty of
the structure.
V
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation o1f A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 2015]
45. Consider the following two statements regarding Bearing
stiffeners provided at the location of a concentrated load :
1. Bearing stiffeners have to resist bearing and buckling
loads.
2. Bearing area and the area resisting bucking load are
the same.
Which of the above statement is/are correct
(a) 2 only (b) 1 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
 [ESE : 2017]
57
46. In a plate girder, the web plate is connected to the flange
plates by fillet welding. The size of the fillet welds is
designed to safely resist
(a) The bending stresses in the flange
(b) The vertical shear force at the section
(c) The horizontal shear force between the flanges and
the web plate
(d) The forces causing buckling in the web
47. Buckling of the compression flange of a girder, without
transverse stiffeners, can be avoided if (with standard
notations)
d d
(a) ≤ 345ε2f (b) ≤ 270ε2f
A
tw tw
d d
T
(c) ≤ 270εw (d) ≤ 250εw
tw tw
P
 [ESE : 2018]
48.
U
12 t
30°
a
G
30° 12 t
A steel plate is subjected to tension. The tensile force is
applied over a width 'a' whereas the gross width of the
plate is 'b'. The dispersion of the force from the point of
application is at about 30° with the axis and extends to a
maximum width of 12 times the thickness t of the plate.
The effective width which comes into action will be
(a) 2a + 12t (b) a + 12t
(c) a + 24t (d) 2a + 24t
[ESE : 2019]
49. Bearing stiffeners are provided
(a) At the ends of plate girders
(b) At the ends of plate girder and on both faces of the web
(c) At the ends of plate girder and only on one face of
the web
(d) At the points of concentrated loads, to protect the
web from the direct compressive loads
50. A welded plate girder of span 25 m is laterally restrained
throughout its length. It has to carry a load of 80 kN/m
over the whole span besides its weight. If K = 200 and
fy = 250 MPa, the thickness of web will be nearly
(a) 10 mm (b) 14 mm
(c) 16 mm (d) 20 mm
[ESE : 2019]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
58 Steel Structure

51. An unstiffened web l-section is fabricated from a 10 mm
thick plate by fillet welding as shown in the figure. If yield
stress of steel is 250 MPa, the maximum shear load that
section can take is
300 mm
200 mm
(a) 750 kN (b) 350 kN
54. Which of the following types of failures occur in the
beam-column connections?
1. Failure by lateral-torsional buckling .
2. Failure by combined instability in both the principal
directions.
3. Failure by combined twisting and bending on the
torsionally weak sections.
4.  Failure by combined twisting and bending when
plane of bending does not contain the shear
centre.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only

A
 [ESE : 2020]
(c) 337.5 kN (d) 300 kN
55. The maximum permissible deflection for a gantry girder,

T
[GATE-2005]
spanning over 6 m, on which an EOT (Electric Overhead
52. List-I contains some elements in design of a simply

P
Travelling) crane of capacity 200 kN is operating, is
supported plate girder and List-II gives some qualitative
(a) 8 mm (b) 10 mm
locations on the girder. Match the items of two lists as per
(c) 12 mm (d) 18 mm

U
good design practice and relevant codal provisions.
[GATE-1998]
List-I
A. Flange splice 56. The given figure shows a typical section of a crane girder.

G
B. Web splice Consider the following statements in this regard:
C. Bearing stiffeners
D. Horizontal stiffeners

K
List-II
1. At supports (minimum)

E
2. Away from centre of span
3. Away from support

V
4. In the middle of span

I
5.  Longitudinally somewhere in the compression The function of the top channel is to
flange 1. increase moment of inertia about vertical axis

V
Codes: 2. reduce moment of inertia about horizontal axis
A B C D 3. increase torsional stiffness
(a)
2 3 1 5 4. increase lateral buckling strength
(b)
4 2 1 3 Which of these statements are correct?
(c)
3 4 2 1 (a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 3
(d)
1 5 3 2 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
[GATE-2003]  ESE : 1996]
53. A laterally unsupported compression flange of beam has 57. Which of the following loads are to be considered in
been strengthened by channel angle and plates as shown. designing a gantry girder in an industrial building?
Areas of all the members added are equal. Which one of 1. Gravity loads
the following options will yield higher allowable stress? 2. Lateral loads
3. Longitudinal loads
4. Wind loads
(a) Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(b)
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 2, 3 and 4
[ESE : 2001]

(c) (d)

[ESE : 2006]

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Steel Structure 59

58. Assertion (A) : Impact factor is used in the design of a 62. A crane with two wheels per side has a capacity of
gantry girder. 50 kN. Weight of the crane is 100 kN, weight of the trolley is
Reason (R) : Loads transferred to the gantry girder are 10 kN and the span is 12 m. The maximum static wheel
momentary. load with hook clearance of 1.0 m from the wheel is
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation (a) 50 kN (b) 52.5 kN
of A (c) 55 kN (d) 60 kN 
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct [ESE : 2013]
explanation of A 63. Gantry girders are designed to resist:
(c) A is true but R is false 1. Lateral loads
(d) A is false but R is true  2. Longitudinal loads
[ESE : 2001] 3. Vertical loads
59. A gantry girder has been provided with the following (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only

A
sections shown in the following figures (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 
[ESE : 2013]

T
cat walls
64. A monorail crane runs on an I-section of span 6 m, which
is simply supported. Estimate the deflection for crane

P
capacity of 20 kN, crab weight of 4 kN, impact factor of
25% and El = 10 × 1012 Nmm2.

U
1 2 3 4 Deflection due to self-weight is neglected
In which case (s) the allowable stresses in bending (a) 6 mm (b) 9 mm

G
compression is equal to that in tension? (c) 12 mm (d) 18 mm
Select the correct answer using the codes given below : [ESE : 2013]
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 65. Gantry girders can be designed

K
(c) 4 only (d) 3 only  1. As laterally supported beams.
[ESE : 2002] 2. As laterally unsupported beam.

E
60. Which one of the following sections is the most efficient 3. By using channel sections.
for a simply supported gantry girder? Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

V
(a) I-section with equal flanges (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only

I
(b) I-section with a channel attached to the top flange (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only
(c) I-section with a wide bottom flange [ESE : 2017]

V
(d) I-section with a heavy plate connected to the bottom
Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook
flange
[ESE : 2006] qqq
61. Consider the following statements in respect of gantry
girders :
1. Gantry girders are designed for 23% extra load of
crane capacity for impact.
2. Maximum deflection for dead and imposed loads
without impact is limited to span/500.
Which of these statement/s is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
 [ESE : 2007]

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60 Steel Structure

CHAPTER

Base Plate 11
1. A steel column if ISHB 350@ 72.4 kg/m is subjected to 6. Which one of the following plan views of a gusseted base
factored axial compressive load of 2000 kN. The load is plate will result in minimum base plate thickness?
transferred to a concrete pedestal of grade M20 through a 600 mm
square base plate. Consider bearing strength of concrete as

A
0.45 fck where fck is the characteristic strength of concrete.

600 mm
Using limit state method and neglecting the self weight (a)

T
140 mm
of base plate and steel column, the length of a side of the 400 mm
base plate to be provided is

P
(a) 39 cm (b) 42 cm
(c) 45 cm (d) 48 cm

U
140 mm
[GATE-2018 SHIFT-I]
2. In the case of an axially loaded column machined for full

G
600 mm
400 mm
bearing, the fasteners connecting the column to the base
(b)
plates in gusseted base are designed for
(a) 100% of the column load

K
(b) 50% of the column load 600 mm
(c) 25% of the column load

E
720 mm
(d) erection conditions only
[ESE : 1998]

V
3. Consider the following statements :
500 mm

(c)

I
140 mm
A grillage base is checked for 140 mm
1 bending

V
2. shear
3 compression 400 mm
4. web crippling
500 mm

Which of these statements are correct? (d) 140 mm

(a) 1 and 4 (b) 1 and 3

(c) 2.3 and 4 (d) 1.2 and 41
720 mm
 [ESE : 1999]  [ESE : 2000]
4. The type of stress induced in the foundation bolts fixing a 7. What is the permissible tensile stress in bolts used for
column to its footing is column bases (fy is the yield stress of the steel)?
(A) pure compression (b) bearing (a) 120 N/mm2 (b) 150 N/mm2
(c) pure tension (d) bending (c) 0.6 fy
(d) 0.4 fy
[ESE : 2003]
[ESE : 2005]
5. Which one of the following stresses is independent of
8. In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is
yield stress as a permissible stress for steel members?
machined smooth for complete bearing, the axial load is
(a) Axial tensile stress transferred to base stab
(b) Maximum shear stress
(a) fully through fastening
(c) Bearing stress
(b) fully by direct beating
(d) Stress in slab base 
(c) 50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastening
[ESE : 2005]
(d) 60% by direct bearing and 40% through fastening
[ESE : 2006]

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Steel Structure 61

9. In a gusseted base, when the end of the column is
machined for complete bearing on the base plate, the
axial load is assumed to be transferred to the base plate
(a) fully by direct bearing 2000 KN. The line of action of the load passes through
(b) fully through the fastenings
(c) 50% by direct bearing and 50% through fastenings
(d) 75% by direct bearing and 25% through fastenings
 [ESE : 2007]
10. In the case of an axially loaded column, machined for full
bearing, the fastenings connecting the a column to the
base plates through gussets are to be designed for
(a) 100% of the load on the column
12. A square steel slab base of area 1 m2 is provided for a
column made of two rolled channel sections. The 300 mm
× 300 mm column carries an axial compressive load of
the centroid of the column section as well as of the slab
base. The permissible bending stress in the slab base is
185 MPa. The required minimum thickness of the slab
base is
(a) 110 mm (b) 89 mm
(c) 63 mm (d) 55 mm
[GATE-2004]
Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook

A
(b) 50% of the load on the column
(c) 25% of the load on the column qqq

T
(d) Respectively erection conditions only
 [ESE : 2015]

P
11. The base plate of a roof truss is attached to the concrete
pier with the help of 16 mm diameter mild steel anchor
bolts of grade fy = 250 MPa. What is the maximum

U
pull the base can be subjected to, if the root area of bolt
= 0.75 times shank area?

G
(a) 30 kN (b) 67.5 kN
(c) 90 kN (d) 120 kN 
[ESE : 2010]

E K
I V
V

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62 Steel Structure

CHAPTER

Roof Truss 12
1. For design of a roof truss, if the design wind velocity is 5. Consider the following systems :
20 m/s, what is the design wind pressure? 1. Trusses and purlins
(a) 400 N/m2 (b) 240 N/m2 2. Suspension system
2
(d) 200 N/m2

A
(c) 40 N/m 3. Flat grid roof
[ESE : 2021] 4. Shells

T
2. An I-section purlin of span 4 m is subjected to a total When these are used in single deck industrial structures,
uniformly distributed load of 5 kN. The purlin will be the correct sequence in increasing order of spans will be

P
designed for maximum bending moment of (a) 3, 1, 2, 4 (b) 1, 3, 2, 4
(a) 2000 Nm (b) 20 kNm (c) 3, 1, 4 , 2 (d) 2, 4, 1, 3
[ESE : 1996]

U
(c) 2500 Nm (d) 25 kNm
[ESE : 2021]
6. In the simplified design of angle iron purlins, which one
3. A channel section is placed in an inclined position

G
of the following assumptions would NOT be valid?
carrying vertical loads as shown in the given figure. If (a) Load component acting normal to the slope is
the applied moment for the channel is 'M' due to vertical considered
load, then Mxx is given by

K
(b) Bending moment about the minor axis is considered
Plane of loading (c) Allowable bending stress is not reduced

E
(d) Slope of the roof should not exceed 30°
x  [ESE : 1998]

V
7. Consider the following statements regarding roofing of

I
an industrial structure:
1. The conoidal shell is preferable to north-light steel
trussed roof.

V
x
2. The ware-house flat slab construction is not suitable.
30°
3. Loads other than self-weight have insignificant effect
(a) 3 1 on the design.
M (b) M
2 2 4. Consideration of corrosive environment cannot be

ignored as it affects the durability.
1
(c) M (d) 2 M Which of these statements are correct?
2 (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
[ESE : 1995]
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 3 and 4
4. Z-purlins may be fixed in either orientation A or B as [ESE : 1999]
shown in the given figure. Which one of the following 8. Assertion (A) : The vertical member of Howe roof truss is
statements is correct in this regard ? made of steel
A B
Reason (R) : Ordinarily wood is not used for tension
members.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
(a) Orientation A is structurally more efficient than A
orientation B. (b) both A ad R are true but R is not a correct explanation
(b) Orientation B is structurally more efficient than of A
orientation A. (c) A is true but R is false
(c) Both the orientations are structurally equally efficient. (d) A is false but R is true
(d) Neither of the two orientation is structurally efficient. [ESE : 1999]
[ESE : 1995]

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Steel Structure
9. Assertion (A) : A through truss bridge is supported at
the level of upper chord.
Reason (R) : Wind has a tendency to overturn the bridge
about the lower chord of leeward truss.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
A of A
(b) both A ad R are true but R is not a correct explanation
of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
 [ESE : 2000]
10. The economic spacing of a roof truss depends upon the
(a) cost of purlins and cost of roof covering
(b) cost of roof covering and dead loads
(c) dead loads and live loads
(d) live loads and cost of purlins
[ESE : 2000]
11. In a truss girder of a bridge a diagonal consists of mild
steel flat 400 ISF and carries a pull of 800 kN. If the gross
diameter of the rivets is 26 mm. then the number of rivets
required in the splice is
(a) 6 (b) 7
K
(c) 8 (d) 9
[ESE : 2000]
E
12. Which among the following assumptions are made in the
design of roof trusses?
V
1. Roof truss is restrained by the reactions
I
2. Axes of the members meeting at a intersect at a
common point
V
3. Riveted joints act as frictionless hinges
4. Loads act normal to roof surface
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
[ESE : 2001]
13. In a gabled industrial building in order to minimize the
wind forces on the roof, the roof slope should be kept
close to
(a) 5° (c) 15°
(b) 30° (d) 45°
[ESE : 2004]
14. Purlins are provided, in industrial buildings, over roof
trusses to carry dead loads, live loads and wind loads. As
per IS code, what are they assumed to be?
(a) Simply supported (b) Cantilever
(c) Continuous (d) Fixed
[ESE : 2005]
63
15. Assertion (A) : Lateral bracing of adjacent trusses is
necessary in industrial buildings.
Reason (R) : Wind forces acting along the ridge line are to
be resisted.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 1999]
16. Consider the following statements about provision of sag
A
rods:
T
1. Sag rods reduce span length of purlin in the weak
direction.
P
2. Sag rods are installed in the plane of the roof.
3. Ridge purlin is subject to vertical components of sag
U
rods on either side of slope.
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 3
G
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1 and 3
[ESE : 2005]
17. Conventional practice is to brace end panels of the side
walls of an industrial building. Instead bracing can be
provided in the bays near centre of the building. Which
one of the following reasons is correct?
(a) Wind pressure at the mid length is higher compared
to ends
(b) Trusses are erected starting from the ends of the
building
(c) Fixing the bracing to end gables is convenient
(d) Free change of length between centre and the ends of
the building is possible in mid­span bracing
 [ESE : 2006]
18. The portal bracing is designed for which of the following?
(a) Wind forces only
1
(b) Wind force + 1 % of the compression force in two
4
end posts
(c) Wind force + 2.5% of the compression force in two
end posts
(d) Lateral shear + 2.5% of the compression force in two
end posts
[ESE : 2007]
19. At what value (nearly) is the maximum spacing of purlins
for standard asbestos roofing sheets kept?
(a) 1.0 m (b) 1.4 m
(c) 1.8 m (d) 2.0 m
[ESE : 2007]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
64 Steel Structure

20. Diagonal member of a roof truss of length L has been 25. A building with a gabled roof will experience pressure on
designed with tube of 100 mm mean diameter and its leeward slope which is
3 mm thick. The force in the member is tensile due to (a) always positive
dead and live loads and compressive due to occasional (b) always negative
winds. What is the maximum permissible effective length (c) sometimes positive and otherwise negative
of the member. (d) zero
(a) 6.3 m (b) 8.75 m [ESE : 2010]
(c) 12.25 m (d) 14.0 m
[ESE : 2007] 26. The live load for a sloping roof with slope 15°, where
access is not provided to the roof, is taken as
21. The effective length of an angle member in a riveted
truss is equal to which one of the following? (a) 0.65 kN/m2 (b) 0.75 kN/m2
(a) l (b) 0.85 l (c) 1.35 kN/m2 (d) 1.50 kN/m2

(c) 0.65 l (d) 0.5 l [ESE :2010]

A
where l is the centre to centre distance between the joints 27. A protective or decorative non-structural element placed
 [ESE : 2008] at the level of the truss supports and column head is

T
called.
22. Which one of the following is correct?
(a) Eaves girder (b) Baluster

P
The purlins in the roof trusses are subjected to (c) Eaves board (d) Tie girder
unsymmetrical bending because the loading
[ESE : 2011]
(a) is parallel to the minor principal axis, but doesn't

U
28. The purlins in roof trusses are placed at the panel points
coincide
essentially to avoid
(b) is perpendicular to the minor principal axis

G
(c) is inclined to the minor principal axis (a) Axial force in rafter
(d) coincides with the minor principal axis (b) Shear force in rafter
 [ESE : 2008] (c) Deflection in rafter

K
(d) Bending moment in rafter
23. For the roof truss shown in figure below, bottom chord is
[ESE : 2011]
of ISMB 200 (rx = 83 mm, ry = 22 mm)

E
29. In a roof truss, if pitch is 1/2 and slope is 1, the angle of
inclination with the horizontal would be

V
(a) 30° (b) 45°
(c) 60° (d) 75°

I
A
E C F
X B [ESE : 2011]
D G X
30. For heavy vibrating loads in industrial buildings, the roof

V
I-Section XX
6 × 1.5 = 9 m trusses are provided with
Bottom chord bracings are available at C and D Bottom (a)  diagonal bracing in the plane of lower chord
member AE will be in compression due to wind. What members
is the critical slenderness ratio used for the design of (b)  diagonal bracing in the plane of upper chord
member AE ? members
(a) 18 (b) 36 (c) knee bracing
(c) 68 (d) 136 (d) sway bracing
[ESE : 2010] [ESE : 2012]
24. What is the slenderness ratio to be considered in design 31. Which of the following elements of a pitched roof
for member BC in the structure shown below? industrial steel building primarily resists lateral load
parallel to the ridge?
ISMC 100[r x = 40 mm, r y = 15 mm]
C (a) Bracing (b) Purlin
(c) Truss (d) Column
m

Y [ESE : 2012]
1.5

32. Purlins are to be chosen for a roof truss of 20 m span,

m

4 m rise. Trusses are spaced at 4.5 m centre-to-centre . A

1.5

A D most efficient design results from the use of

B E
(a) angle sections
Section YY (b) channel section
(a) 75 (b) 150 (c) circular hollow sections
(c) 100 (d) 200 (d) square hollow sections
[ESE : 2009] [ESE : 2012]

Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10

Steel Structure
33. An industrial building with 5 bays each 3 m wide has
columns of height 4 m. The two end bays are braced by
rods as shown in the below figure. Each column carries an
axial load of 120 kN. The design force for each brace is
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
4m
(a) 6 kN (b) 9 kN
(c) 15 kN (d) 30 kN
[ESE : 2013]
34. In an industrial steel building, which of the following
elements of a pitched roof primarily resist loads parallel
to the ridge?
(a) Bracings (b) Purlins
(c) Columns (d) Trusses
[ESE : 2014]
35. In which of the following cases is the compression flange
most susceptible to buckle laterally?
(a)  An I-section supporting a roof slab with shear
connection
(b) Purlin of a roof supporting dead and live loads
(c) Encased beam
(d) A steel I-section supporting a point load when acting
as a cantilever
K
[ESE : 2014]
E
36. Consider the following statements :
Secondary stresses are induced in a roof truss due to
1. Purlins place at Intermediate points on panel lengths.
V
2. Rigidity of joints.
I
3. Eccentricity of the bolt line relative to the centroid of
the member.
V
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
[ESE : 2015]
37. Assertion (A) : In pin-jointed roof trusses, purlins are
kept above nodes in the top chord.
Reason (R) : The top chord is continuous through the
nodes of the truss.
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
A industrial steel building primarily resists lateral load
(b) both A ad R are true but R is not a correct explanation
of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 2015]
38. The portal bracing in a truss-bridge is used to
(a) Transfer load from top of end posts to bearings
(b) Maintain the rectangular shape of the bridge cross-
section
(c) Stiffen the structure laterally
(d) prevent the buckling of top chord under side sway
[ESE : 2016]
65
39. According to IS : 875 Part 3, the design wind speed
acting on industrial roof is estimated based on the basic
wind speed by multiplying it by factors k1, k2 and k3, k1
is called
(a) Terrain height factor (b) Structure size factor
(c) Topography factor (d) Risk coefficient
[ESE : 2017]
40. Double-pitched roof trusses of span 20 m and rise
2.5 m are placed at 8 m spacing. The maximum live load
reaction at the supports is nearly
(a) 36 kN (b) 40 kN
(c) 46 kN (d) 60 kN
[ESE : 2018]
A
41. A wind brace is to be provided between two columns
spaced at 5 m, at an inclination of 30° with the horizontal,
T
to resist a tension of 320 kN developed by a wind force.
The effective area required will be nearly (considering 150
P
N/m2 as a relevant factor).
(a) 1670 mm2 (b) 1640 mm2
U
(c) 1600 mm 2 (d) 1570 mm2
[ESE : 2019]
G
42. In which one of the following industrial roofing context, is
the loading carried by the combination of pure flexure and
flexure due to shear induced by the relative deformation
between the ends of the top and bottom chord members?
(a) Vierendeel girders (b) Scissors girders
(c) Lenticular girders (d) Mansard girders
 [ESE : 2019]
43. If the cost of purlins/unit area is p and the cost of roof
covering/unit area is r, then cost of trusses/unit area for
an economical spacing of the roof trusses will be
(a) p + r (b) 2p + r
(c) p + 2r (d) 2p + 2r 
[ESE : 2019]
44. According to IS : 875 Part 3, design wind speed is obtained
by multiplying the basic wind speed by factors k1, k2, and
k3 where k3 is
(a) terrain height factor (b) structure size factor
(c) topography factor (d) risk coefficient
[ESE : 2014]
45. Which of the following elements of a pitched roof
parallel to the ridge?
(a) Bracings (b) Purlins
(c) Truss (d) Columns
[GATE-2003]
46. Effective length of a rafter member between two nodes at
a distance L perpendicular to the plane of the truss is
(a) 2.00 L (b) 0.85 L
(c) 1.50 L (d) 1.00 L
[GATE-1997]
Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook
qqq
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66
WSM
1. The permissible stress in axial tension sst in a steel
member on the net effective area of the section shall not
exceed (fy, is the yield stress)
(a) 0.80 fy (b) 0.75 fy
(c) 0.60 f y (d) 0.50 fy
[GATE-2005]
2. Factor of safety adopted by IS: 800-1984 while arriving at
the permissible stress in axial compression is
(a) 2.00 (b) 1.00
(c) 1.67 (d) 1.50
[GATE-1997]
3.
Which one of the following is NOT correct for steel
sections as per IS : 800 -1984?
(a) The maximum bending stress in tension or in
K
compression in extreme fibre calculated on the
effective section of a beam shall not exceed 0.66 fy
E
(b) The bearing stress in any part of a beam when
calculated on the net area shall not exceed 0.75 fy
(c) The direct stress in compression on the cross
V
sectional area of axially loaded compressive member
I
shall not exceed 0.6 fy,
(d) None of the above
V
[GATE-2005]
4. Consider the following statements :
1.  The working stress design is based on explicit
consideration of the various conditions under
which the structure may cease to fulfil its intended
function.
2.  In case of working stress design, structure will
directly take into consideration the various relevant
modes of failure.
3.  In working stress method, regulatory bodies or
classification societies usually specify the value of the
allowable stress as some fraction of the mechanical
properties of materials.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 3 only
[ESE : 2021]
Steel Structure
CHAPTER
13
5. Consider the following statements regarding the working
stress design method:
1. Working stress design is based on the elastic theory.
A
2. The working stress in the member should be less
than the permissible stress.
T
3. The permissible stress is the ratio of the factor of
safety to the yield stress.
P
4. The permissible stresses for fasteners are usually
based on the ultimate strength of the connection.
Which of the above statements is/are not correct ?
U
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 3 only
(c) 4 only (d) 2 and 4 only
G
[ESE : 2021]
6. Consider the following statements :
1.  When wind load is the primary load, no
increase in the allowable stresses is provided for
members or fasteners
2.  Due to wind load acting along with dead and
live loads, increase in allowable stress upto 33.33%
can be provided for
3.  Due to wind load acting along with dead load,
increase in allowable stress of 25% in foundation
bolts can be provided for
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 only
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only
[ESE : 2009]
7. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. A steel structure designer can guarantee the safety of
the structure.
2. Working stress method of design of steel structures
offers a safer and economical structure
3.  Strength and serviceability of a structure
cannot be predicted on account of several unforeseen
factors
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 only
(c) 2 only (d) 1 only
[ESE : 2013]
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10
Steel Structure 67

8. In the design of steel bridges if wind or seismic forces are

also considered, the allowable stresses as per BIS may be
increased by
2
(a) 10% (b) 16 %
3
1
(c) 25% (d) 33 % 
3
[ESE : 2001]
9. Assertion (A) : In the working stress design method the
internal stresses at a section of member are computed for
factored loads.
Reason (R) : In the working stress design method it is

A
ensured that the internal stresses due to working loads are
less than the allowable stresses

T
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
of A

P
(b)  both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation of A

U
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 2002]

G
Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook

K
qqq

V E
V I

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68 Steel Structure

CHAPTER

Miscellaneous
1. Assertion (A) : Portal bracing should be used in only
through bridges where cross frames cannot be used.
Reason (R) : Portal bracing causes bending moment in
the end frames
14
6. A reduction in the allowable stress in the steel chimney
construction is necessary if the temperature exceeds
(a) 75°C (b) 100°C
(c) 200°C (d) 300°C

A
(a) both A and R are true and A is the correct explanation [ESE : 2007]
of A

T
7. Racking force on a steel railway bridge is due to
(b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
(a) tractive effect of the driving wheel

P
explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false (b) braking effect
(d) A is false but R is true (c) resistance offered by the bearing to the

U
 [ESE : 1996] movement at the roller end
2. The height at which wind force acts on a moving vehicle (d) lateral movement of the train when moving on a

G
on a bridge deck is straight track.
(a) 1.2 m (b) 1.5 m [ESE : 1998]
(c) 1.7 m (d) 2.0 m

K
8. Assertion (A) : Both transverse and longitudinal frames
[ESE : 1996]
of a steel building are subjected to equal earthquake
3. If 'p ' is the basic wind pressure, for buildings with

E
forces.
large opening design pressure on a wall is
(a) 0.5 p (b) 0.7 p Reason (R) : Earthquake force is proportional to the mass

V
(c) 1.0 p (d) 1.2 p of each floor.

I
[ESE : 1996] (a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
4. According to Indian Railway Board, in respect of steel of A

V
girders of single track span for metre/broad gauge, the (b) both A and R are true but R is not a correct
impact factor for a span of 6 m is explanation of A
(a) 0.5 (b) 0.75 (c) A is true but are is false
(c) 1 (d) 1.25
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 1999]
[ESE : 1998]
5. As per Indian Railway Board, the impact factor i (also
known as coefficient of dynamic augment, (CDA) in steel 9. Which one of the following statements is correct in
girders for single track span is respect of mild steel ?
8  (a) It has high carbon content.

(a) 0.15 + >/ 1.0 (b) It is tougher than hard steel.
 6 + L 
(c) It is more elastic than hard steel.
 6 
(b) 0.75 + >/ 1.0 (d) It can be forged and welded easily.
 8 + L 
[ESE : 2021]
 6 
(c) 0.15 + >/ 1.0 10. Upper yield point in the stress-strain curve in structural
 8 + L 
steel can be avoided by
 8 
(d) 0.75 + 6 + L  >/ 1.0 (a) coldworking (b) hot working
Where 'L' is span (c) quenching (d) galvanizing
 [ESE :1997]
 ESE : 2020]

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Steel Structure 69

11. Assertion (A): When a mild steel bar is tested 12. The order of elongation which a specimen of mild steel
tension, the stress drops down from upper point to lower undergoes before fractures is
yield point without elongation. (a) 0.1% (b) 1%
Reason (R): The boundaries of grains of mild steel are (c) 10% (d) 100%
composed of brittle material. [ESE : 2003]
(a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
Answer Key is on Last page of this Workbook
of A
(b) both A and R are true but is not a correct explanation qqq
of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
[ESE : 2000]

TA
U P
G
E K
I V
V

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70
ANSWER KEY
1. Basic Concepts
1 C 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 A
6 A 7 A
2. Plastic Analysis
1 C 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 C
6 B 7 A 8 89.9 9 A 10 D
11 C 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 D
16 D 17 B 18 D 19 C 20 A
21 C 22 C 23 B 24 D 25 B
26 B 27 C 28 A 29 A 30 C
31 A 32 C 33 D 34 A 35 A
36 B 37 C 38 D 39 C,D 40 C
K
41 A 42 A 43 D 44 B 45 C
46 A 47 C 48 C 49 A 50 B
E
51 B 52 D 53 A 54 A 55 B
56 D 57 B,C 58 B 59 C 60 A
V
61 D 62 C 63 D 64 B 65 D
I
66 6 67 A 68 B 69 C 70 3.33
71 C 72 25 73 60 74 D 75 B
76 B 77 B 78 B 79 B 80 A
V
81 B 82 C 83 C 84 C 85 C
86 B 87 C 88 A 89 B 90 C
91 C 92 A 93 C 94 C 95 C
96 A 97 B 98 D 99 D 100 A
101 A 102 D 103 A 104 A 105 C
106 C 107 D 108 C 109 D 110 D
111 C 112 B 113 A 114 C 115 A
116 C 117 A 118 A 119 C 120 B
121 B 122 D 123 D 124 B 125 B
126 C 127 A 128 A 129 C 130 C
131 D 132 D 133 C 134 C 135 B
136 A 137 C 138 D 139 A 140 D
141 A 142 D 143 B 144 C 145 B
146 A 147 D 148 B 149 C 150 C
151 A 152 C 153 C 154 B 155 A
156 C 157 D 158 C 159 A 160 B
161 B 162 B
3. Limit State Method
1 C 2 B
Steel Structure
4. Connections Bolted
1 A 2 A 3 A 4 B 5 C
6 B 7 B 8 A 9 – 10 C
A
11 C 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 B
16 D 17 A 18 D 19 B 20 D
T
21 B 22 B 23 C 24 A 25 D
26 B 27 B 28 C 29 B 30 A
P
31 B 32 A 33 D 34 C 35 A
36 C 37 C 38 C 39 D 40 C
U
41 D 42 A 43 B 44 C 45 C
46 C 47 B 48 B 49 B 50 B
51
G
B
5. Connection Welded
1 B 2 D 3 400-420 4 60 5 B
6 B 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 A
11 – 12 – 13 C 14 – 15 B
16 B 17 A 18 C 19 C 20 A
21 B 22 C 23 B 24 C 25 B
26 C 27 A 28 A 29 B 30 D
31 A 32 C 33 A 34 D
6. Eccentric Connections
1 C 2 27-29 3 C 4 105.30-105.50
5 B 6 6 7 156.2 8 D 9 D
10 B 11 – 12 – 13 – 14 D
15 C 16 C 17 A 18 B
19 173.01-173.30 20 C 21 C 22 C
23 147.50-148.50 24 D 25 C 26 B
27 C
7. Tension Member
1 A 2 A 3 B 4 D 5 C
6 A 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B
11 C 12 D 13 B 14 A 15 –
16 B 17 D 18 B 19 B 20 D
21 D 22 D 23 A 24 C 25 A
26 C 27 A 28 B 29 C 30 D
31 A 32 B 33 C 34 D 35 A
36 D 37 A 38 C 39 B 40 C
41 D 42 D 43 D
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Steel Structure
8. Compression Member
1 D 2 D 3 B 4 D 5 D
6 C 7 A 8 D 9 A 10 D
11 C 12 C 13 B 14 A 15 C
16 D 17 C 18 C 19 D 20 D
21 D 22 A 23 C 24 C 25 D
26 B 27 B 28 D 29 C 30 C
31 A 32 B 33 A 34 C 35 B
36 D 37 D 38 C 39 B 40 C
41 D 42 C 43 B 44 C 45 D
46 D 47 A 48 D 49 D 50 A
51 D 52 C 53 D 54 B 55 D
56 D 57 C 58 C 59 D 60 D
61 D 62 C 63 D 64 D 65 D
66 B 67 A 68 B 69 A 70 D
71 D 72 B 73 A 74 A 75 D
76 B 77 B 78 C 79 A 80 C
81 B 82 A
9. Beam
1 A 2 A 3 100 4 D 5 B
6 A 7 D 8 C 9 B 10 272.6-272.8
11 B 12 A 13 B 14 B 15 A
K
16 D 17 C 18 B 19 C 20 A
21 A 22 C 23 C 24 D 25 A
E
26 B 27 B 28 D 29 D 30 B
31 A 32 B 33 A 34 B 35 –
V
36 D 37 A 38 A 39 B 40 A
41 A 42 C 43 D 44 A 45 D
I
46 B 47 B
V
10. Plate Girder & Gantry Girder
1 C 2 C 3 A 4 B 5 C
6 C 7 B 8 C 9 A 10 D
11 C 12 A 13 B 14 B 15 A
16 B 17 D 18 C 19 C 20 C
21 D 22 B 23 A 24 A 25 C
END OF WORKBOOK
71
26 B 27 D 28 B 29 A 30 C
31 B 32 D 33 C 34 C 35 D
36 C 37 B 38 C 39 B 40 D
41 C 42 C 43 B 44 C 45 B
46 C 47 A 48 A 49 D 50 A
51 D 52 A 53 A 54 B 55 A
56 A 57 B 58 A 59 C 60 B
61 B 62 B 63 D 64 C 65 A
11. Base Plate
1 D 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 D
6 B 7 A 8 C 9 C 10 B
A
11 A 12 D
T
12. Roof Truss
P
1 B 2 A 3 A 4 C 5 C
6 B 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 A
U
11 D 12 D 13 C 14 C 15 A
16 A 17 D 18 D 19 B 20 A
21 A 22 C 23 C 24 D 25 B
G
26 A 27 C 28 D 29 B 30 A
31 B 32 B 33 A 34 A 35 D
36 D 37 B 38 A 39 D 40 D
41 C 42 A 43 B 44 C 45 A
46 D
13. WSM
1 C 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 B
6 C 7 B 8 D 9 D
14. Miscellaneous
1 A 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 A
6 B 7 D 8 A 9 D 10 A
11 C 12 C
Referral Code: VIVEKGUPTA10