THIS STANDARD IS: STD NO : 115-75-04

Updated INDEX : 14.10.9

DESIGN STANDARD DATE : 15 JULY 2003
OWNER : 9809
PAGE : 1 OF 25

SUBJECT : SI METRIC GUIDE

PURPOSE : To provide a guide explaining the SI Metric System of Units for the
measurement of quantities, such as length, mass and time; and to
furnish information for the use and selection of preferred SI units,
including conversion factors from customary American Units to SI Units.

REMARKS: This Standard to be effective immediately.

NOTES: 1. See Page 2 for Versions.

SR. ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN

PREPARED BY: S. GARCIA STANDARDS ENGINEERING - 9809
PROGRAM MANAGER
APPROVED FOR CONTENT: T. MISKELL STANDARDS ENGINEERING - 9809
PROGRAM MANAGER
APPROVED FOR PUBLICATION: T. MISKELL STANDARDS ENGINEERING - 9809

This document contains proprietary data and shall not be reproduced

or disclosed without the permission of ALSTOM Power Inc.
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UNITS: o ENGLISH; o METRIC; n BOTH; o NONE

PRODUCT LINE: CHECK THE PRODUCT LINE THE STANDARD IS APPLICABLE TO:

n ALL; o A= CONTROLLED CIRC. BOILERS o H= HEAT RECOVERY STEAM GENERATORS

o B= SUPERCRITICAL BOILERS (HRSG)
o C = VU40 AND VU60 BOILERS o P = PULVERIZERS (MILL SYSTEMS)
o E= FLUIDIZED BED BOILERS (CFB) o R = CHEMICAL RECOVERY BOILERS
o F= NATURAL CIRC. BOILERS (UTILITY) o S = SERVICES (AFTER MARKET USE)

Versions

Ver. 2 - Revised Conversion Table;

Paragraph 5.3-Supplementary Units;
Section 7.0-Units of Mass, Force &
Weight.

Ver. 3 - Revised Conversion Table;

revised SI Unit Table, Paragraph 10.3.

Rev. 4 - Updated standard format; name

change to ALSTOM Power Inc.; Owner Dep.
changed from 8107 to 9809.
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Conversion Table

U.S. Customary to SI Units

Multiply By To Obtain

Angle 1 degree 0.017 453 rad

Acceleration 1 ft/sec2 0.3048 m/sec2
Area 1 in2 645.160 mm2
1 ft2 0.092 903 m2

Concentration 1 grain/ft3 2.288 351 g/m3

1 lb/million Btu 0.430 kg/GJ

Density 1 lb/ft3 16.018 46 kg/m3

Force 1 lbf 4.448 222 N
Flow Rates 1 lb/hr 0.000 453 592 metric tons/hr
1 lb/hr 0.453 592 kg/hr
1 lb/hr-ft2 0.001 356 kg/sec-m2
1 ft3/min 0.000 471 974 m3/sec
1 ft3/sec 0.028 314 m3/sec
1 gal/min 0.227 124 m3/hr
1 lb/hr 0.000 125 997 kg/sec

Heat 1 Btu (60o F) 1.054 680 kJ

1 Btu/lb 2.326 kJ/kg
Specific Heat 1 Btu/lb-o F 4.186 800 kJ/kg-k
Heat Release Rate 1 Btu/hr-ft2 3.154 591 W/m2
1 Btu/hr-ft3 10.349 W/m3
Heat Transfer Rate 1 Btu/hr-ft2-o F 5.678 263 W/m2-k

Length 1 in 25.40 mm
1 ft 0.3048 m
1 yd 0.9144 m

Mass 1 lb 0.453 592 kg

1 lb 0.000 453 592 metric tons
1 ton (2000 lbs) 907.184 kg
1 US (short) ton 0.907 184 metric tons
1 Metric ton 1000 kg

Power 1 hp (550 ftžlbf/sec) 0.745 699 kW

1 Btu/hr 0.293 071 W
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Conversion Table (Cont.)

U.S. Customary to SI Units

Multiply By To Obtain

Pressure 1 lb/in2 6.894 757 kPa

1 lb/in2 0.068 947 bar
1 in H2O (60o F) 0.248 840 kPa
1 in Hg (60o F) 3.376 850 kPa
1 in H2O (39.2o F) 0.249 082 kPa
1 bar 100.00 kPa

Specific Volume 1 ft3/lb 0.062 427 m3/kg

1 ft3/lb 62.4279 L/kg
Volume 1 ft3 0.028 317 m3
1 in3 16.3870 cm3
1 gal (US liquid) 3.785 412 liter

Velocity 1 ft/sec 0.3048 m/sec

1 ft/min 0.005 080 m/sec
Viscosity (dynamic) 1 lb/ftžhr 0.413 378 mPažs
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Conversion Table (Cont.)

Other U.S. Customary Conversions Which Are Not SI *

Multiply By To Obtain

Pressure 1 lb/in2 0.0703 kg/cm2

1 lb/ft2 4.882 kg/m2
1 in H2O 25.4 mm H2O
1 lb/in2 0.068 046 atmospheres

Concentration 1 lb/million Btu 1.8 kg/million kcal

Heat 1 Btu 0.252 kcal

1 Btu/lb 0.556 kcal/kg
1 Btu/lb o F 1.0 kcal/kg oC
1 Btu/hr 0.252 kcal/hr
1 Btu/hr ft2 2.712 kcal/hr m2
1 Btu/hr ft3 8.90 kcal/hr m3
1 Btu/hr ft2 o F 4.88 kcal/hr m2 oC

* These metric units should only be used if requested by the customer.

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1.0 Foreword For many years, scientists and engineers

have communicated their ideas through systems
On December 23, 1975, President Ford of measurements.
signed into law the Metric Conversion Act of
1975 (PL 94-168). ALSTOM Power is taking a Many laws of nature have been found
positive stand regarding SI Metrication. through long and careful observation of events.
These observations are usually presented through
This standard is in compliance with the the use of suitable units of measurements.
ALSTOM Power Corporate SI Metric Practice
Guide. Copyright owner, 1977, ALSTOM Power. The SI System of Units is the most advanced
system of measurement and will soon be the most
Information presented in this guide includes widely used system in the world.
conversion factors and material from such
standard publications as ISO-R31, ASTM E-380, Electrical and Acoustical Engineers have
API 2564, ISO 1000 and others. already been using SI Units in most of their work.
For most other engineers, the SI System requires
Authority for specific use of SI Units in a review of the customary explanation of the units
Company documents is not part of the scope of of force and mass. However, in light of the
this standard. technical problems which engineers are currently
solving, the use of the SI System will be an
2.0 Contents advantage to the modern engineer or scientist in
solving these problems.
This metric guide contains the following
Sections: In the short run, some adjustments will be
required to attain familiarity of the magnitude of
1.0 Foreword some of the units such as Newtons, Pascals, etc.
2.0 Content
3.0 Introduction In the long run, however, definite
4.0 Why Go SI Metric? advantages will be derived from the use of the SI
5.0 What is SI? System for all of us.
6.0 Advantages of SI
7.0 Units of Mass, Force & Weight This standard presents an introduction into
8.0 Rounding and Tolerance Rules the SI System and provides the necessary
9.0 Computer Applications information for obtaining a working knowledge of
10.0 SI Conversion Tables the system.

3.0 Introduction

This standard is intended as a guide in the

use and selection of SI Units of measurements.
"SI" is the official abbreviation of the International
System of Units (Le Systeme International
d'Unites) and is used in all languages.
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4.0 Why Go Metric:

The most significant difference between

customary and the SI System is the base 10
increment in the SI System. This results in a
simpler system with fewer units.

On Page 8 is shown a table of the most

widely used units of measurements in both
systems: the customary system of weights and
measures and the SI System of Units.

4.1 Comparison of Length

Measurements

Customary SI

1 mile has 8 1 kilometer has

furlongs or 5280 ft. 1000 meters

1 furlong has 40 1 meter has 1000

rods or 660 ft. millimeters

1 rod has 5-1/2 1 decimeter has 10

yards or 16-1/2 ft. centimeters or 100
millimeters

1 yard has 3 ft 1 centimeter has 10

or 36 inches millimeters

1 foot has 12 inches 1 millimeter

1 inch has fractions 1 millimeter is

of inches (or decimalized
decimal inches)
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Comparison Chart - Customary Vs. SI (metric)

Customary Weights and Measures

System of Units (Metric)

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5.0 What Is SI? 5.2 Derived Units

The International System is not the old Derived units are expressed
centimeter-gram second system, but is a algebraically in terms of base units by means of
modernized version. Consequently, SI is the mathematical symbols of multiplication and
considered to significantly improve and unify the division. Several derived units have been given
cgs system and the worldwide trend is toward special names and symbols which may,
increasing its use. themselves, be used to express other derived units
in a simpler way than in terms of the base units.
SI consists of base units, derived units, and
supplementary units. In addition, other units not 5.3 Supplementary Units
a part of SI, may be used together with SI; these
are other allowable units. The SI includes two additional, purely
geometrical, units. These are called
5.1 Base Units supplementary units. They are the SI Unit of
plane angle, the radian (rad) and the SI Unit of
There are seven base units in SI upon solid angle, the steradian (sr). These
which most of the other units depend. supplementary units may also be used in
combination with base or derived units.
Item Quantity Name Symbol
5.4 Other Allowable Units
1 length meter m
2 masskilogram kg There are a number of other units
3 time second s which, while not a part of SI, are nevertheless
4 electric ampere A important and widely used, and which will often
current be used along with SI Units. Examples are the
5 temperature kelvin K minute, hour, (in addition to the second);
6 amount of mole mol degrees, minutes, and seconds of arc (in addition
substance to radians); degrees Celsius (o C) for
7 luminous candela cd temperatures and temperature intervals (instead
intensity of Kelvin); the tonne which equals 103 kg); (the
liter which equals 1dm3); the nautical mile; and
By international agreement, these the knot. All other allowable units are listed and
base units have been defined with great precision defined in Section 10.0.
(up to 9 significant figures). All but the kilogram
have been related to natural phenomena which 5.5 Decimal Multiples and Submultiples of
are considered unvarying and capable of being SI Units
measured very accurately. The kilogram is the
only base unit that is still defined in terms of an The following prefixes are used with SI
artifact. For defined values of the base units, see Units. Depending on the magnitude of the
ASTM E-380. quantity to be measured, use of the appropriate
prefixes (those representing powers divisible by 3
are preferred), makes it possible to keep the
numbers to be handled within a convenient
range. Prefixes should be chosen so that the
range will be from 0.1 to 1000.
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SI Prefixes Some of these units have only generic

names such as meter per second for velocity;
Factor Prefix Symbol others have special names such as Newton (n) for
force, Joule (J) for work or energy, Watt (W) for
1012 tera T power. The SI Units for force, energy and power
109 giga G are the same, regardless of whether the problem
106 mega M is mechanical, electrical, chemical or nuclear.
103 kilo k
102 hecto h 6.2 Another advantage of SI is its
10 deca da retention of the decimal relation between
10-1 deci d multiples and sub-multiples of the base units for
10-2 centi c each physical quantity (except for time).
10-3 milli m
10-6 micro µ 6.3 Another major advantage of SI is its
10-9 nano n coherence. A system of unit is coherent if the
10-12 pico p product or quotient of any two-unit quantities in
10-15 femto f the system is a unit of the resulting quantity.
10-18 atto a
For example, in any coherent system:
6.0 Advantages of SI
unit area = unit length x unit length
6.1 The great advantage of SI is that there unit velocity = unit length/unit time
is one and only one base unit for each physical unit force = unit mass x unit acceleration
quantity; the meter for length (l), the kilogram for
mass (m), the second for time (t), etc. 7.0 Units of Mass, Force and Weight

It is worth remembering that most 7.1 Mass is expressed in kilograms and

technical problems of our world today can be is one of 7 base units. The conversion from
explained by means of a combination of only Customary Units to SI Units is:
seven base units and two supplementary units, if
we use SI. 1 lbm is equivalent to 0.453 592 kg

From these base units, units for all Units of mass are involved if the
other mechanical quantities are derived. These quantity of matter is involved such as 1 kg butter
derived units are defined by simple equations or 2000 kg steel or 1000 kg of steam.
such as:
To compute the force due to a mass,
velocity = length/time one must know the magnitude and direction of
acceleration = velocity/time accelerations. Therefore, the gravitational force
work = force x length of a mass becomes just a special case in the SI
power = work/time System in which the acceleration is downward
and almost constant on earth, namely 9.81
m/sec2.
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7.2 Force is expressed in Newton's in the
SI System and is not a base unit, but a derived
unit. The conversion from the customary lb. force
to Newton is:
1 lb force is equivalent to 0.454 kg x
9.81 m/sec2 = 4.448 Newton's
(According to Newton's Law: Force
equals mass times acceleration).
7.3 Weight has been used in customary
units to mean either force or mass, because the
customary system of units does not have a special
unit to express force. Lb force and lb mass are
used in calculations without subscript.
It is recommended that the term
"weight" not be used but rather mass or force. If it
is necessary to include weight references in
reports, calculations, etc., it is recommended to
use either weight mass in kg or weight force in
Newton's.
8.0 Rounding & Tolerance Rules
8.1 Rounding
When converting numbers from the
customary system to SI, the accuracy of the value
is maintained by the following rules:
Converted values should be rounded
to the minimum number of significant digits that
will maintain the required accuracy, but do not
indicate greater accuracy than justified by the
measuring method used.
If the first significant digit of the
converted number is smaller than the first digit of
the original number, carry one additional
significant figure.
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For example:
7.50“ (3 significant digits) converts to
190.5 mm
(4 significant digits, since 1 < 7
or
2.75” (3 significant digits) converts to
69.9 mm
(3 significant digits) since 6 > 2
8.2 Tolerancing
Metric tolerances should be worked
out on a component basis and will be shown in
the appropriate standards.
As a guide for converting the presently
used + 0.05" tolerance, it is suggested to use +
1.5mm.
9.0 Computer Applications
Computer program documents which are
used in any form other than testing or error
message should show the full unabbreviated
name of the SI Unit on the document in
capitalized letters (for spelling, see Conversion
Tables).
In cases of complex derived units, the
documents may use an unrelated set of symbols
to be explained in the documentation.
It is suggested to use the item number as
explained in Section 10 in lieu of the unit symbol.
10.0 Conversion Tables, Indexing System
All SI quantities have been assigned an
item number in accordance with a scheme as
explained in Paragraph 10.1.
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10.1 Although the SI System is inherently as “degrees” being followed by “density”).

simple (being based on only seven base units),
the combination of units into useful engineering In an effort to group engineering
units are numerous. expressions in a rational way, leading towards
familiarization of the system, the following
Many listings of the common indexing system is used in this standard.
engineering units are done alphabetically. This
method mixes different areas of interest (such

This digit indicates variations

in magnitude of the SI Units

Alpha suffix for customary Units

XX.XXA

This digit describes a sub-class

and indicates an SI Unit derived
from a class (such as area,
derived from length)

First two digits describe a

class of a base or derived
unit, such as length, mass, force

10.2 Index of Classes Tables Shown on Pages:

Base 1.XX Length 15-17

Units 2.XX Mass 17-18
3.XX time 18-19
4.XX electric current 19
5.XX temperature 19
6.XX substance molar 19
7.XX luminous intensity 19

Supplementary 8.XX plane angle 19-20

Units 9.XX solid angle 20

10.XX thru 29.XX reserved for future

30.XX force 20-22

40.XX energy* 22-24
50.XX power* 24-25
Tables 60.XX electricity *Units of thermodynamics and
Being 70.XX light & acoustics heat transfer are listed under
Developed 80.XX miscellaneous Energy and Power
990.XX not assigned
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10.2.1 Index of Classes and Sub- 6.00 luminous intensity

Classes .10 light intensity (per length)
.20 light intensity (per area)
1.00 Length .30 light intensity (per volume)
.10 area .40 light intensity (per mass)
.20 volume
.30 specific volume 7.00 substance (molar)
.40 volume flow .10 substance (per volume)
.50 velocity .20 substance (per mass)
.60 acceleration
.70 length related properties Supplementary Units
.80 not assigned 8.00 plane angle
.90 not assigned .10 angular velocity
.20 angular acceleration
2.00 mass .30 through .90 (later)
.10 density per length 9.00 solid angle
.20 density per area (definition later)
.30 density per volume
.40 mass flow 10.00 through 20.00 reserved for
.50 momentum addition SI Units, which
.60 moment of momentum may be defined in the
.70 mass properties future by CGPM
.80 not assigned
.90 not assigned 21.00 through 29.00 reserved for
additional sub-classes to be
Base Units (and Combinations) assigned later if need arises
3.00 time
.10 frequency (periodic) Derived Units
.20 frequency (random) 30.00 force
.30 through .90 (not assigned) .10 force intensity (per length)
.20 force intensity (per area)
4.00 electric current .30 force intensity (per volume)
.10 current intensity (per length) .40 force intensity (per mass)
.20 current intensity (per area) .50 moment of force
.30 current intensity (per volume) .60 force impulse
.40 current intensity (per mass) .70 dynamic viscosity
.50 electromagnetic moment AxM2) .80 kinematic viscosity

5.00 temperature 40.00 energy

.10 temperature gradiant .10 energy intensity (per length)
.20 coefficient of expansion .20 energy intensity (per area)
.30 energy intensity (per volume)
.40 energy intensity (per mass)
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10.2.1 Index of Classes and Sub- 61.00 electric charge (coulomb)

Classes (Cont.) .10 electric charge (per length)
.20 electric charge (per area)
41.00 energy .30 electric charge (per volume)
.10 specific energy intensity .40 electric charge (per mass)
(per length and kelvin) .50 electric charge
.20 specific energy intensity
(per area and kelvin) 62.00 electric potential (volt)
.30 specific energy intensity .10 field strength (v/m)
(per volume and kelvin)
.40 specific energy intensity 63.00 capacitance (farad)
(per mass and kelvin) .10 field strength (F/M)

42.00 energy-inverse units 64.00 magnetism (tesla)

.10 length per energy
.20 area per energy 65.00 magnetic flux (weber)
.30 volume per energy .10 magnetic vector potential Wb/m)
.40 mass per energy .20 magnetic dipole moment
(Wb/m)
50.00 power
.10 power intensity (per length) 66.00 mutual inductance (henry)
.20 power intensity (per area) .10 permeability (H/m)
.30 power intensity (per volume) .20 reluctance (1/H)
.40 power intensity (per mass)
.50 power intensity (per steradian) 67.00 resistance (ohms)
.60 power intensity .10 resistivity (ohm x length)
(per steradian and area)
68.00 conductance (siemens)
51.00 power .10 conductivity (s/m)
.10 specific power intensity
(per length and kelvin) 70.00 light and acoustics
.20 specific power intensity
(per area and kelvin) 71.00 light
.30 specific power intensity .10 luminous flux (lumen)
(per volume and kelvin) .20 quantity of light (lm-s)
.40 specific power intensity .30 luminous existance (lu/m2)
(per mass and kelvin) .40 illuminance (lux)
.50 light exposure (lx.s)
52.00 power - inverse units .60 luminous efficacy (lm/watt)
.10 length per power
.20 area per power 72.00 light - (future)
.30 volume per power
.40 mass per power 73.00 acoustics
.10 specific acoustic impedance
60.00 electricity .20 acoustic impedance
.30 mechanical impedance
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10.3 Tables of SI Units and their At this time, the tables do not include
equivalent customary units are shown starting on classes 60. through 90. Conversion factors with
Page 15. an asterisk are exact conversions.

These tables are grouped by classes The use of conversion factors is

as given in Paragraph 10.2. The Class No. and
Item is shown in the table heading (for example:
1.00 length). Sub-class number and names per
Paragraph 10.2.1 are shown in the tables
preceding the listing of units (for example: 1.10
area).
shown in the following example:
Refer to Page 18 - Mass flow in kg/s
1000 lbm/hr are equivalent to 0.125 997 9 kg/s;
this may also be written as:

The SI Units shown in the tables are
selected multiples of the SI Unit that should be
chosen in preference to any other multiples.
1 lbm/hr is equivalent to 0.000 125 997 9 kg/s;
this may also be written as:
1 lbm/hr is equivalent to 1.259 979 x 10-4 kg/s;
this may also be written as:

1 lbm/hr is equivalent to 1.259 979-E04 kg/s.

10.3

1.00 Length Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;

By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
1.00 Length
1.01 m meter A 1 ft 0.304 8 * Dimension
B 1 yd 0.914 4 * Distance-Width, Height,
Elevation, Depth
1.02 mm millimeter 1 in 25.4 * Engineering Drawings
1.03 µm micrometer 1 mil 25.4*
1.04 km kilometer 1mi 1.609 344 * 1 international nautical
mile = 1852 m
1.05 cm centimeter 1 in 2.54 *
1.06 nm nanometer

1.10 Area
1.11 m2 square meter A 1 yd2 0.836 127 Floor areas, wall,
roofing, etc.
B 10 ft2 0.929 030 4*
1.13 cm2 square centimeter 1 in2 6.451 6 * Cross sectional areas
1.14 mm2 square millimeter 1 in2 645.16 * Cross sectional areas
1.15 ha hectare 1 acre 0.404 686 Properties (Farms)
(1 ha=104 m2)
1.16 km2 square kilometer 1 mi2 2.589988 Maps (lake size, etc.)
1.17 dm2 square decimeter
Conversion factors with an asterisk (*) are exact conversions.
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10.3

1.00 Length Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;

By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
1.20 Volume
1.21 m3 or cubic meter or A 1 yd3 0.764 555 Volume of gases and
(kL) (kiloliter vapors
B 100 ft3 2.831 685
C 1 barrel (42 gal) 0.158 987
1.22 dm3 or cubic decimeter or A 1 US gal 3.785 412 1 dm3 defined equal to
(L) (liter) 1 liter
B 1 US qt 0.946 353 Volume of liquids and
solids
C 1 US pt 0.473 177
1.23 cm3 or cubic centimeter A 1 US fl. oz 29.573 53 Volume, also section
(mL) or (milliliter) modulus
B 1 in3 16.387 06
1.24 1000 m3 or 1000 cubicmeter 1000 bbls. 0.158 987 (example: 1000 barrels
(1 ML) or (1 megaliter) (1 bbl=42 gal) are equal to 0.158 987
megaliters) Volume of
lakes, reservoirs, etc.
1.25 mm3 cubic millimeter
1.30 Specific Volume
1.31 m3/kg cubic meter per 100 ft3/lb 6.242 796
kilogram
1.32 dm3/kg cubic decimeter 1 US gal/lb 8.345 404
per kilogram
1.33 m3/kmol cubic meter per 100 ft3/lbmol 6.242 796
kilomol
1.34 cm3/m3 cubic centimeter 1 US gal/1000 23.809 52 Also called Volume
per cubic meter parts per million
1.35
1.40 Volume Flow
1.41 dm3/s cubic decimeter A 100 US gal/min 6.309 020
per second or liters
per second
B 1000 US gal/hr 1.051 503
C 10 ft3/min 4.719 474
D 1 ft3/s 28.316 85
E 1000 ft3/hr 7.865 791
F 1000 ft3d 0.327 741
1.42 m3/s cubic meter per Convert from (1.41
second using: 1 m3=103 dm3
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10.3

1.00 Length Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;

By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
1.50 Velocity
1.51 m/s meter per second A 1 ft/s 0.304 8 *
B 100 ft/min 0.508 *
C 1000 ft/hr 0.084 667
1.52 km/hr kilometer per hour A 1 mi/hr 1.609 344 *
B 1 knot 1.852 Also call nautical miles
per hour
1.53 cm/s centimeter per A 1 in/s 2.54 * Volume, also section
second modulus
B 100 in/min 4.233 333
C 1 ft/s 30.48 *
D 10 ft/min 5.08 *
E 1000 ft/hr 8.466 667
1.54
1.60 Acceleration
1.61 m/s2 meter per second 1 ft/s2 0.304 8 * Standard acceleration
squared due to gravity is (9.806
650*)m/s2
1.62
1.70 Length Related Properties
1.71 cm4 centimeter to the 1 in4 41.623 14 Moment of inertia
fourth power
1.72 mm4 millimeter to the 10 000 in4 41.623 14 Moment of inertia
fourth power
2.00 Mass
2.01 kg kilogram 1 lbm 0.453 592 Weight Mass
2.02 g gram 1 oz (av) 28.349 52 Permissible weight mass
in elevators and on
cranes
2.03 mg milligram 1 grain 64.798 91
2.04 Mg megagram 1 US ton 0.907 184 7 Also referred to as a
"metric ton"
2.05
2.00 Density per Length
2.11 kg/m kilogram per 1 lbm/ft 1.488 164 Weight mass per length
meter
2.12
2.20 Density per Area
2.21 kg/m2 kilogram per 1 lbm/ft2 4.882 428 Mass distribution in
square meter public buildings, on
floors, in elevators, etc.
2.22

Conversion factors with an asterisk (*) are exact conversions.

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10.3 (Cont.)

2.00 Mass Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;

By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
2.30 Density per Volume
2.31 kg/m3 kilogram per cubic 1 lbm/ft3 16.018 46 Gases, vapors
meter
2.32 kg/dm3 kilogram per cubic 1 lbm/US gal 0.119 826 Liquids, solids
decimeter
2.33
2.40 Mass Flow
2.41 kg/s kilogram per A 1000 lbm/hr 0.125 997 9 Fuel flow, steam, gas
second and air flows, etc.
B 1000 lbm/min 7.559 783
C 10 lbm/sec 4.535 924
2.42
2.50 Momentum
2.51 kg x m/s kilogram meter lbm x ft/sec 0.138 255
per second
2.52
2.60 Moment of Momentum
2.61 kg x m2/s kilogram meter lbm x ft/sec 23.730 36
squared per
second
2.62
2.70 Mass Properties
2.71 kg x m2 kilogram meter 100 lbm x ft2 4.214 011 Mass Moment of
squared Inertia
2.72
3.00 Time
3.01 s second Same 1 Time rate
3.02 ms millisecond Same 1
3.03 µs microsecond Same 1
3.04 min minute Same 1 1 min = 60 s
3.05 h hour Same 1 1 hr = 60 min
3.06 d day Same 1 1 d = 24 hr
3.07 a year Same 1 1 a = 365.242 d
(definition of year per
ISO/R31/PART 1)
3.08
3.10 Frequency (Periodic)
3.11 Hz hertz cycles/s 1
3.12 THz terahertz 1012 cycles/s 1
3.13 GHz gigahertz 109 cycles/s 1
3.14 MHz megahertz 106 cycles/s 1
3.15 kHz kilohertz 103 cycles/s 1
3.16 reserved 1
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10.3 (Cont.)

3.00 Time Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;

By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
3.20 Frequency (Random)
3.21 later
3.22 later
4.00 Electric Current
4.01 A ampere Same 1 Base Unit
4.02 mA milliampere Same 1
4.03 µA microampere Same 1
4.04 kA kiloampere Same 1
5.00 Temperature
5.01 K kelvin 1oR 5/9 Absolute Temperature
5.02 oC degree Celsius XoF 5/9 (XoF-32) Traditional Temperature
1oF 5/9 Traditional Temperature
5.03
5.10 Temperature Gradiant

6.00 Substance (Molar)

6.01 mol mole Amount of substance
containing as many
elementary particles
(such as atoms,
molecules, ions,
electrons,) as there are
atoms in 0.012 kg of
carbon 12
6.02 kmol kilomole 1 lb mole 0.453 592 Same as above,
except...atoms in 12 kg
of carbon 12
6.03
6.10 Substance per Volume
later
7.00 Luminous Intensity
7.01 cd candela Same 1 Base Unit
7.02
8.00 Plane Angle
8.01 rad radian 100 deg 1.745 329
8.02 deg degree (1 deg = 1/360 of
circle; Non SI Unit). For
smaller units, use
decimal degree
8.03
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10.3 (Cont.)

8.00 Plane Angle Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;
By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Remarks
Factor
8.10 Angular Velocity
8.11 rad/s radians per second A rev/s 6.283 185 2π
B rev/min 0.104 720 π/30
8.12 rev/s revolutions per Non SI Unit
second
8.13
8.20 Angular Acceleration
8.21 rad/sec2 radians per second Same 1 Acceleration (Rotational)
squared
8.22
9.00 Solid Angle
9.01 sr steradian Same 1 Solid angle of 1 sr
defined as enclosing an
area on the surface of a
sphere equal to the
square of the sphere
radius.
9.02
30.00 Force
30.01 N newton 1 lbf 4.448 222 Also called: tension,
compression, load.
Force is a vector whose
direction is given by the
acceleration vector.

F = ma

Newton = kg m
s2
30.02 kN kilonewton 1 kip (force) 4.448 222 Concentrated forces
30.03 MN meganewton 106N = 1 MN
30.04 mN millinewton 10-3N = 1 mN
30.05 µN micronewton 10-6N = 1 µN
30.06
30.10 Force Intensity per Length
30.11 N/m newton per meter 1 lbf/ft 14.593 90 Also called: surface
tension, uniform force
loading, structural
loading
30.12 kN/m Kilonewton per 1 kip 14.593 90
meter (force)/ft
30.13 N/mm newton per 1 lbf/in 0.175 127 Allowable Load
millimeter
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10.3 (Cont.)

30.00 Force Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;

By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
30.20 Force Intensity per Area
30.21 Pa pascal 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa. Pa too
small for most
applications except
sound pressures
30.22 kPa kilopascal A 1 in.Hg (60o F) 3.376 850 1 kPa = 1000 N/m2
Also called: pressure,
draft, vacuum, pressure
drop, force distribution
B 1 in.H2O(39.2F) 0.249 082
C 1 in.H2O(60o F) 0.248 840
D 1 lbf/in2 6.894 757
E 100 lbf/ft2 4.788 026
30.23 MPa megapascal 1000 psi 6.894 757 1 MPa = 106 N/m2
Also called: stress yield,
stress pressure
(1 MPa = 1 N/mm2)
30.24 bar bar 100 psi 6.894 757 1 bar = 0.1 MPa
(non SI Units), limited
use for fluid pressures
only
30.30 Force Intensity per Volume
30.31 N/m3 newtons per cubic
meter
30.32 N/dm3 newtons per cubic
decimeter
30.33 N/cm3 newtons per cubic
centimeter
30.34
30.40 Force Intensity per Mass
30.41 N/kg newtons per
kilogram
30.42
30.50 Moment of Force
30.51 Nxm newton meter 10 lbf x in 1.129 848 Bending Moment
kN x m kilonewton meter 1 ft kip 1.355 818 Bending Moment
30.53
30.60 Force Impluse
30.61 Ns newton second
30.62
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10.3 (Cont.)

30.00 Force Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;

By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
30.70 Dynamic Viscosity
30.71 Pa x s pascal second A lbf x s 6 894.757
in2
B lbf x s 47.880 26
ft 2
30.80 Kinematic Viscosity
30.81 m2/s square meter per 1 ft2/s 0.092 903 Defined as: dynamic
second viscosity divided by
density
40.00 Energy
40.01 J joule 1J 1 1 J = 1 N=m
(1 Joule = 1 Newton x 1
meter) Other names:
acoustical energy,
radiant energy
40.02 kJ kilojoule A 1 Btu 1.055 056 Other names: heat,
Impact energy
B 1000 ft-lbf 1.355 818
40.03
40.10 Energy Intensity per Length
40.11 J/m joule per meter
40.12 kJ/m kilojoules per
meter
40.13
40.20 Energy Intensity per Area
40.21 J/m2 joule per square
meter
40.22 kJ/m2 kilojoules per
square meter
40.23
40.30 Energy Intensity per Volume
40.31 J/m3 joule per cubic
meter
40.32 kJ/m3 kilojoules per cubic 1 Btu/ft3 37.258 95 Heating Value (Volume
meter Basis) Heat Release Rate
40.33 kJ/dm3 kilojoules per cubic 10 Btu/US gal 2.787 163 Heating Value (Volume
decimeter Basis)
40.34 MJ/m3 megajoules per 1000 Btu/ft3 37.258 95 Heating Value (Volume
cubic meter Basis) Heat Release Rate
40.35 MJ/dm3 megajoules per 10 000 Btu/US gal 2.787 163 Heating Value (Volume
cubic decimeter Basis)
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10.3 (Cont.)

40.00 Energy Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;

By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
40.40 Energy Intensity per Mass
40.41 J/kg joules per
kilogram
40.42 kJ/kg kilojoules per 1 Btu/lbm 2.326 Heating Value; Enthalpy
kilogram Calorific Value; burn up
40.43 kJ/kmol kilojoules per 1 Btu/lb mole 2.326 Heating Value (Mole
kilomole Basis)
40.44
41.00 Energy
41.10 Specific Energy Intensity per Length and Kelvin
41.11 J/mK joules per meter
kelvin
41.12 kJ/mK kilojoules per
meter kelvin
41.13
41.20 Specific Energy Intensity per Area and Kelvin
41.21 J/m2K joules per square
meter kelvin
41.22 kJ/m2K kilojoules per
square meter
kelvin
41.23
41.30 Specific Energy Intensity per Volume and Kelvin
41.31 J/m3K joules per cubic
meter kelvin
41.32 kJ/m3K kilojoules per cubic
meter kelvin
41.33 kJ/dm3K kilojoules per cubic Specific Heat (Volume
decimeter kelvin Basis)
41.34
41.40 Specific Energy Intensity per Mass and Kelvin
41.41 J/kgK joules per
kilogram kelvin
41.42 kJ/kgK kilojoules per 1 Btu/lbmoF 4.186 8 * Specific Heat (Mass
kilogram kelvin Basis)
41.43
42.00 Energy Inverse Units
42.01 l/J
42.02 l/kJ
42.03
Conversion factors with an asterisk (*) are exact conversions.
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10.3 (Cont.)

42.00 Energy Inverses Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;
By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
42.10 Length per Energy
42.11 m/J meters per joule
42.12 m/kJ meters per
kilojoule
42.13
42.20 Area per Energy
42.21 m2/J square meter per
joule
42.22 m2/kJ square meter per
kilojoule
42.23
42.30 Volume per Energy
42.31 m3/J cubic meter per
joule
42.32 m3/kJ cubic meter per
kilojoule
42.33 dm3/kJ cubic decimeter
per kilojoule
42.34
42.40 Mass per Energy
42.41 kg/J kilogram per joule
42.42 kg/kJ kilogram per
kilojoule
42.43
50.00 Power
50.01 W watt A 10 Btu/hr 2.930 711 1 watt = 1 joule/sec;
acoustical power; radiant
flux; radiant power
B 100 ft x lbf/min 2.259 697
50.02 kW kilowatt A 1 Btu/s 1.055 056 Electric power
Thermal power
B 10 hp 7.456 999
(550 ft x lb/s)
C 100 Btu/min 1.758 427
D 1000 ft x lbf/s 1.355 818
50.03 MW megawatt 106 Btu/hr 0.293 071
50.04
50.10 Power Intensity per Length
50.11 W/m watt per meter
50.12 kW/m kilowatt per meter
50.13
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10.3 (Cont.)

50.00 Power Suffix Multiply Customary Unit Other Names Used;

By Factor to Obtain SI Unit Applications;
Item SI Unit Symbol SI Unit Spelling Custom Symbol = Factor Remarks
50.20 Power Intensity per Area
50.21 W/m2 watt per square
meter
50.22 kW/m2 kilowatt per square 1000 Btu 3.154 591 Heat flux; Absorption
meter hr x ft 2 Rate
50.23
50.30 Power Intensity per Volume
50.31 W/m3 watt per cubic
meter
50.32 kW/m3 kilowatt per cubic 100 Btu 1.034 971 Heat release rate
meter hr x ft 3
50.33
50.40 Power Intensity per Mass
50.41 W/kg watt per kilogram
50.42 kW/kg kilowatt per
kilogram
50.43
50.50 Power Intensity per Steradian
50.51 W/sr watt per steradian Radiant intensity (Light)
50.52
50.60
51.10 Specific Power Intensity per Length and Kelvin
51.11 W/(mK) watt per meter Btuin 1.442 279 Thermal Conductivity
10
kelvin ( ft 2 x hr x o F) (K - Value)
51.12
51.20 Specific Power Intensity per Area and Kelvin
51.21 W/(m2K) watt per square
meter kelvin
51.22 kW/(m2K) kilowatt per square 1000 Btu 5.678 263 Heat Transfer Coefficient
meter kelvin (ft 2 x hr x oF)
51.23
51.30 Specific Power Intensity per Volume and Kelvin
51.31 W/(m3K) watt per cubic
meter kelvin
51.32 kW/(m3K) kilowatt per cubic
meter kelvin