1) A leader is born not made

Leaders are made because leaders come from all walks of life, people
can become leaders at any point in their lives, people become better
leaders over time, Behavioral Theories believe that people can become
leaders through the process of teaching, learning and observation.
Leadership is a set of skills that can be learned by training, practice and
experience over time. Yes, leadership skills can be taught and learned.
Leaders are not a different breed of people. They are not born to lead,
but prepared to lead. These individuals are motivated to climb the ladder
in their organizations, and interested in learning emerging leadership
skills to be successful leaders.
2) Knowledge is the biggest asset you can accumulate

It is said that The more knowledge you gain,the more enlightened your vision
becomes”. Knowledge is power and knowledge empowers us to make the best
choices and decisions that will produce a happy, healthy, successful life to us and
the people around us. It is something which cannot be taken back from you, you
gain knowledge into every step of life, being knowledge is the greatest asset in life.
Knowledge makes you wise and happy everyday. It builds confidence , improves
our communication skills an. Knowledge drives all business activities, growth of
the company and it is a company’s differentiator. Your greatest asset is your
earning ability, to apply your knowledge, skills in order to get results which others
will pay. 

3) Who is a leader?
To be a good leader, he should be aware of all the human idiosyncrasies and every spectrum of
life. He should be empathetic and at the same time should have the ability to take strong, bold
and necessary decisions even if it means he will become unpopular.  Troubling and conflicting
times are what makes for a good leader. From Nelson Mandela to Abraham Lincoln, everyone
has risen to the occasion and been a sense of hope for their followers when people were at their
most vulnerable and difficult times.
4) Global warming
Global warming is the phenomenon of a gradual increase in the temperature near the earth’s
surface. There are several causes of global warming, which have a negative effect on
humans, plants and animals. These causes may be natural or might be the outcome of
human activities. Global warming is mostly because of people burning things,
like gasoline for cars and natural gas to keep houses warm. But the heat from the burning
itself only makes the world a tiny bit warmer: it is the carbon dioxide from the burning which is
the biggest part of the problem. As the Earth's surface temperature becomes hotter the sea
level rises.we can reduce it by reduce reuse recycke,drive less drive smart,use the off
switch,change light bulb,plant more plants.

5) Unemployment in India
 The facts say that India’s unemployment rate in march 2022 was 7 percent. It is still very
down but has turned out to be better than before considering its downfall from 8 percent
in frb 2022. It indicates that the country is returning to the pre COVID levels in terms of
unemployment. The experts from the economic department say that the labour workforce
was depressed even before the outbreak of the pandemic and the situation during COVID
has made it worse. The Center for Monitoring Indian Economy has claimed that
participation from the labour force and employment rates have remained low. This is the
data that is indicating labour fallout from labour markets due to lack of jobs.
6) Should there be a retirement age for politicians?

People’s representatives should be fit physically as well as psychologically.

Senior politicians should give chance to young politicians. So that fresh ideas

and plans can be implemented.

Politics involve a lot of travelling. One cannot rule the city by sitting at their
office. Continuous travelling and visits require a lot of physical strength.

Politicians should not take many leaves. Older politicians tend to take many
leaves because of age related ailments.

Young people are more flexible, adoptive and risk taking when compared to
senior politicians.

There is a retirement age for public servants as well as private employees. So

the same rule should be applied to politicians as well.

7) Freedom is a myth

 Everyone living in democratic countries has political rights such as freedom of speech, freedom to
choose their leaders and freedom in many other aspects of life. But still, this freedom has limitations.
Freedom of speech and expression is always a threat.for example People who have power decides
whether a particular speech is ethical or not. We think that we have the freedom to travel to
any place and to live in the place of our choice. But in reality, there are boundaries
among countries and several restrictions to settle in another place. We have more
freedom now than our ancestors. Recognizing freedom as a fundamental right was
the first and most important step in any society. We do have the freedom to choose
our lifestyle, to follow a religion of our choice, to improve our social status, to choose
our leaders and to become a leader etc. With time, we are exploring the idea of
freedom. Hence freedom is not a myth. It is a reality. Freedom in any aspect should
have limitations to prevent causing inconvenience to others.

8) Safety of women in India

Through various laws and acts, the Indian Parliament and the Supreme Court
have tried to empower women like banning triple talaq, striking down the adultery
law, Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and
Redressal) Act, 2013, SC lifted the ban on Sabarimala Temple, Beti Bachao Beti
Padhao scheme etc. Though our constitution guarantees equal rights to women
in all aspects, the mentality of people didn’t change. There have been several
 cases of rapes, domestic violence, dowry, acid attacks etc. that led to the
formation of several strict laws for women safety. In 2011, India was ranked as
the fourth most dangerous country for women in the world (in 2018 India was
ranked the most dangerous country for women) and worst among the G20
nations when it comes to women security.

Though the government and courts are trying to bring equality in the society, it has to be the people’s
mindset which needs a change. And in big and developed cities of India this positive change is quite
visible but in villages and small towns there is a lot of gender inequality to be dealt with.

9) Is India ready for a cashless Economy?

Till the moment 500 & 1000 rupee notes are demonetized, cash transactions
constituted 85% among all the financial transactions in India.

Even after the demonetization move, cash transactions are still the king.

India has a huge population of digital illiterates. It’ll take a lot of time to
transform everyone into digital literates.

No country is a fully cashless economy yet. India is still a developing country,

and needs a lot time to transform itself into cashless economy.

Though no. of accounts have increased drastically after the demonetization

move, once the scarcity of new notes is reduced, there is no guarantee that
everyone will use that bank accounts.

With the recent hack of 32 lakh Rupay & Visa debit cards, there is a doubt
in cyber security of Indian Banking. Before going for completely cashless
economy, India needs to strengthen its cyber security first.

10) The single use plastic ban

 For centuries, we have been destructing the environment for our economic gains. And over the years
destruction has only increased. We have now reached such a point that it has become almost
impossible to undo the damage. In order to save life on earth, we should start letting go of our
economic gains. Plastics survive even the extremes of the climatic conditions. It takes
around 500 years for the simple plastics to break into their chemical components
whereas the complex plastic i.e. most of them are non-biodegradable.
 The plastics do not decompose into their constituents but break down into minute
pieces, known as microplastics.
 The plastics make their way to the water bodies and they adversely affect the
feeding habits there. It’s high time that we shift to alternatives of plastics, recycle most of the
plastic. While India has pledged to ban single-use plastic by 2022, other countries, as well as
companies, are also taking proactive steps to curb plastic pollution and its effect. In this century we
cannot afford any economic gain which is not environmentally sustainable.

11) Should there be a limit to Media Freedom?

Freedom in any context is never absolute. Freedom of Media is essential but rising concerns of
misinformation, data manipulation, fake news etc. in the current environment are making authorities to
place regulations on it to some extent. Media many a times plays a critical role in diverting people’s
attention from real issues such as unemployment, public policies, poverty etc. to unimportant issues
such as personal lives of celebrities. Media houses often tend to polarize people according to their
ideologies. Sometimes they present a biased version of news and make people believe the same.
Freedom of the press is a group effort, and when individuals, organizations and governments come
together to preserve it, everyone benefits.

12) Plant a tree, save the earth?

Trees are like the lungs of the earth. They are the assets that keep our mother earth
healthy.Trees play a significant role in our existence. They consume carbon dioxide
and provide us with fresh oxygen to breathe.Human beings and herbivores are largely
dependent on them as they are the source of food, fruits and vegetables.We get
medicines, timber, wood, gum, fibre, rubber, latex, and so many other things from
trees.They offer shadow and shelter not only to humans, but also give habitat to
wildlife.They try to maintain environmental balance. For instance, when it gets too hot,
trees help in bringing rainfall. They fight severe climate changes.Trees make the
mother earth look beautiful and relaxing. They nourish various life forms in many
ways. Planting more trees will also add to the earth’s natural beauty.Trees fight water
pollution and prevent soil erosion. They prevent pollutants from flowing into water
sources.The only way we can defend global warming and environmental pollution is
by saving and planting trees.Taking action towards saving trees is not something we
would merely do to save them, but to protect our own lives. Save trees, sav

13) Privitisation of Public Sector undertakings

Privatisation can suggest several things including the migration of something from the public
sector to the private sector. Government services and operations may also be
(denationalised) privatised. In these circumstances, private entities are tasked with the
application of government plans or the execution of government assistance that had earlier
been the vision of state-run companies. Some instances involve law enforcement, revenue
collection, and prison management. In the state of Washington before 2012, the liquor sales
were controlled and operated by the government. The state regulated when and how the
liquor was sold and collected the revenue. However, in 2012, the government privatised
liquor sales. After privatisation, private businesses could sell liquor to the general public. For
any economy, privatisation is important because it creates jobs and builds a healthy
competition in the market. Privatisation works for maximising profit by improving the
standards of customer services and goods.

14) Is Freedom of press important?

Freedom of press is the backbone of Democracy. It is the foundation and essential condition for a
successful democracy.In a  democratic society the freedom of press must be protected. This right
can be available only in a society where there is right to freedom of expression. The freedom to
criticise government without suffering any interference or punishment before or after publication is
the freedom of press. According to The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ” Everyone has
the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without
interference, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers”
15) The necessity of safe drinking water

Water is one of the basic necessities for life. Studies have stated that humans can survive for a
few weeks without food but when it comes to water, people can’t survive a week without it.
Severe dehydration can be deadly or it can also cause complications to a person’s health.
Additionally, it is used in your day-to-day living for drinking, cooking, and cleaning. That just
shows that water is a primary necessity for all people. But water can only be as good for us if it is
also safe and clean to drink. It is necessary that the water you consume must undergo filtration
methods like reverse osmosis to remove unseen contaminants from the water. It’s an unfortunate fact
 that there are still millions of people around the globe who have no access to clean drinking water. Thus, a
lot of people get sick and even die every day due to the consumption of dirty water. That is why it’s crucial
to make sure the water that you consume every day is treated and disinfected repeatedly to ensure its
cleanliness.
16) Should the states be reorganised?
At present there are 29 states and 7 union territories in our India. Recently formed states are ‘Telangana’
which is separated from ‘Andhra Pradesh’, ‘Jharkhand’ which is separated from ‘Bihar’, ‘Chattisgarh’ from
‘Madya Pradesh’, and ‘Utterakhand’ from ‘Utter Pradesh’. By smaller states, educational, industrial, and
agricultural development will be faster.
By smaller states, people of backward regions can better taken care of.
Competition between states will be high. So that development increases.
But It involves a lot of expenditure such as more number of ministers, courts etc.
Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram etc. are divided from Assam, but they still remained as backward states.
In some regions, political leaders are are demanding for separate state for their selfish reasons such as
minister posts.
People of other states may wrongly motivated by the division of other states, and they may also start
revolution.
India – unity in diversity. So, we should strive for unity.
If there are effective and honest leaders, there is no need of reorganization of states. And the division of state
mainly depends on the current situation of the state. If disadvantages of separating the state are much less
than the advantages, it should be divided.

17) Hard Work vs Smart Work

Smart work is intellectual. Hence it improves our innovative and creative thinking skills.
Smart work improves productivity.
It teaches time management skills.
Because of smart work, we now have more free time. Smart work forces us to concentrate on work fully
because it demands mental presence too. mart work may make us lazy, as we get used to doing less work and
get more output.
Mere smart work may not yield results. “Hard work beats talent when talent doesn’t work hard”. Hence we
cannot completely rely on smart work.
To work smartly, at first we need knowledge about the work, which comes only with hard work and
experience.
We cannot teach hard work to smart working persons if they are not willing to work hard. Through hard work,
we gain knowledge and experience. This will help us to do smart work, that means we can then analyse
shortcuts to do the same amount of work.
Hard work teaches us patience and discipline.
The result of hard work will be more appealing to us because we put a lot of effort into achieving it.
Hard work may become boring and monotonous.
It consumes a lot of time and effort.
If we fail after doing so much hard work, it’ll be very difficult to cope up with it.

18) Citizens' responsibility to mitigate climate change

Public participation can play an important part in efforts to achieve
climate neutrality. However, in order to achieve the desired effects,
engagement needs to be carried out in a way that is meaningful—both
for the citizens and the institutions involved. Despite renewed attention
in recent years, the call for public participation in climate action is not
new. The food we eat, the things we buy, the way we power our homes, and how
we choose to travel all contribute to climate change in some way. The production of
our everyday items not only requires energy and resources that take a toll on the
environment, but also emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which contribute
to rising global temperatures.
But by lowering your intake of animal products, becoming a more conscious
consumer, switching to renewable energy, and choosing more eco-friendly modes of
transportation — like biking to work — we can help reduce our carbon footprints
and advance the Sustainable Development Goals.  

19) Automation and the future of workforce

The automation revolution is raising increasingly interesting questions about the nature of the
workplace – and about what it might look like in the future. Skill shifts have accompanied the
introduction of new technologies in the workplace since at least the Industrial Revolution,
but adoption of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) will mark an acceleration over the
shifts of even the recent past. The need for some skills, such as technological as well as
social and emotional skills, will rise, even as the demand for others, including physical and
manual skills, will fall. These changes will require workers everywhere to deepen their
existing skill sets or acquire new ones. Companies, too, will need to rethink how work is
organized within their organizations.

20)-12)
21) Water Crisis

Water connects every aspect of life. Access to safe water and sanitation can quickly
turn problems into potential – empowering people with time for school and work, and
contributing to improved health for women, children, and families around the world. 

Today, 771 million people – 1 in 10 – lack access to safe water and 1.7 billion people
– 1 in 4 – lack access to a toilet.

Women are disproportionately affected by the water crisis, as they are often responsible for
collecting water. This takes time away from work, school and caring for family. The lack of
water and sanitation locks women in a cycle of poverty. The water crisis is a health
crisis. Nearly 1 million people die each year from water, sanitation and hygiene-related
diseases which could be reduced with access to safe water or sanitation. Every 2 minutes a
child dies from a water-related disease. Access to safe water and sanitation contributes to
improved health and helps prevent the spread of infectious disease. It means reduced child
and maternal mortality rates. It means reduced physical injury from constant lifting and
carrying heavy loads of water. 

22) Recycling for environment

Recycling is processing waste materials and using them to make new products. For example, old newspapers
are recycled and can be made into new paper products such as paper, tissues, cardboard etc.
By recycling things, we can prevent valuable materials from mixing into the garbage. By this, we can reduce the
need for the extraction of more resources from the planet. So, this helps in building a sustainable world.
It also reduces the burden of garbage on the planet. Daily, a huge amount of garbage goes into landfills. More
garbage means more space is needed for landfills. That will result in reduced space for us to live and for
farming.
Landfills are one of the top sources of methane emissions. So, recycling can help in reducing these emissions.
By saving natural resources, we can secure the future of the next generation. Moreover, by encouraging
recycling, future generations too will follow the route.
 Plastic and other harmful products affect wildlife. There are several incidents of animals getting hurt by
consuming plastic. These incidences can be prevented by sending harmful but recyclable products to recycling
plants.
By following the principle of “The 3 R’s” – Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, we can protect the environment. If we
reduce the number of things we buy, there will be a lesser need for recycling.
Recycling can reduce the amount of garbage that is produced every day. It can also reduce the burden on
natural resources, and hence we can secure the well-being of future generations. Recycling is very important
now than ever, as the population and materialism are increasing.

23) Man-made environmental disasters

Man made disasters list what are the causes and effects of man made environmental disasters is being
put together, since our recent rash of environmental disasters have been covering the headlines.few
such incidents are Bhopal, India: Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal gas tragedy is classified
as the world’s worst industrial catastrophe and environmental disasters which took place in the late
night hours. What once used to be the Aral Sea is now just a shocking 10% of what it’s original size had
been due to irrigation projects by the Soviet Union. Indonesian Forest Fires started in the middle of
1997, caused primarily by slash and burn techniques adopted by the farmers of Indonesia. Though we
enjoy having fuel for our cars and electricity in our homes, technological and industrial progress often puts
the natural environment at risk. The result is a variety of man-made environmental disasters ranging from
fuel spills, nuclear meltdowns, and the careless usage and disposal of hazardous materials. When these
disasters inevitably occur, it can take decades or longer to return a local environment to a livable condition
following large-scale contamination.

24) Ukraine-Russia war

 On 24th February 2022, Russia launched a “special military operation” in its

neighbouring country Ukraine. After the announcement from Russia’s President
Vladimir Putin, powerful explosions were reported in several cities of Ukraine.
 Ukraine wants to join NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), which is
strongly opposed by Russia. Russia is against NATO’s eastward
expansion stating that the expansion is a threat to its security. Russia’s
President Vladimir Putin demanded a legally binding guarantee that
Ukraine will not join NATO and also NATO should not conduct any military
activity in Eastern Europe.
 Since November 2021, Russia has started amassing tens of thousands of
soldiers and military equipment near Ukraine’s border. As of February
2022, approximately 1,50,000 Russian soldiers are there near Ukraine’s
border.
 France and Germany took the role of mediators to reduce the tensions .
They communicated with both presidents to exercise restraint.
 On 21st February 2022, Russia recognized Donetsk, Luhansk as separate
countries. They are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.
 Several countries including the US, UK and the European Union opposed
the recognition of Donetsk, Luhansk as republics and imposed limited
sanctions on Russia.
 On 24th February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine by land, air and sea.
Explosions were reported in several cities of Ukraine on the same day.
  Many countries including France and Germany are condemning Russia for
declaring war. European Union is preparing to launch new sanctions on
Russia for attacking Ukraine.
 Ukrainian president Zelensky said that they will defend themselves
against the attack. Even though Ukraine’s armed forces are heavily
outnumbered by Russia’s armed forces, they are fighting really hard. Even
civilians of Ukraine joined the fight to defend their country.
 On 8th March 2022, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the president of Ukraine said
that since NATO does not want confrontation with Russia, it is not
prepared to accept Ukraine into NATO and hence he is no longer asking
for NATO membership for his country. 

25) Business ethics

The system of moral and ethical beliefs that guides the values, behaviors, and decisions of a business
organization and the individuals within that organization is known as business ethics. Some ethical
requirements for businesses are codified into law; environmental regulations, the minimum wage, and
restrictions against insider trading and collusion are all examples of the government setting forth minimum
standards for business ethics. The leadership and management of a company set the atmosphere of
operations in the company. Their philosophy is adopted by the employees of the company right to the very
bottom rung. ethical practices build more trust and cohesion amongst employees of the company. This greatly
affects their productivity. 

26) Future of healthcare beyond the pandemic

In pandamic its been a Drive-through testing and vaccinations. Telehealth. Home visits. Covid-19 has changed
the way providers around the country deliver health care, and I don’t think the changes aren’t going away
anytime soon.
But for community health centers and free and charitable clinics around the country, that may actually be a
great thing.
Also Video-calls-as-doctor's-visit wasn't a tool created because of COVID-19, but the pandemic has
transformed it from an obscure practice to the new way to do health care. Importantly, policy changes made
during the pandemic helped knock down some barriers for telemedicine access, and helped providers get paid
for it. Even through a computer screen, there are roadblocks to accessing health care. Before COVID-19, some
patients, depending on where they live and what medical condition they have, would need to drive across
state lines to access a specialist (which requires an amount of time and money many patients don't have).
The loosening of interstate licensure laws during the pandemic has allowed people to connect with a doctor
miles away, and even fill a prescription across state lines. 

27)
28) Inclusive growth

Inclusive growth means economic growth that creates employment opportunities and helps in reducing

poverty. It means having access to essential services in health and education by the poor. It includes providing
equality of opportunity, empowering people through education and skill development.
It also encompasses a growth process that is environment friendly growth, aims for good governance and
helps in creation of a gender sensitive society.
As per OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), inclusive growth is economic growth
that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all. Skill development plays a key role
here.
India is facing a dual challenge in skill development:

First, there is a paucity of highly trained workforce

Second, there is non-employment of conventionally trained youths
 Financial Inclusion is the process of ensuring access to financial services to vulnerable groups at
affordable costs.
The world is moving towards an era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. These technological advancements
have capabilities to both decrease or increase the inequality depending on the way these are being
used.
It means the empowerment of all marginalised sections of the population like SC/ST/OBC/Minorities,
women and transgenders.

29) Why Data Privacy is important?

Data privacy has always been important. It’s why people put locks on filing cabinets
and rent safety deposit boxes at their banks. But as more of our data becomes
digitized, and we share more information online, data privacy is taking on greater
importance.

A single company may possess the personal information of millions of customers—data that
it needs to keep private so that customers’ identities stay as safe and protected as possible,
and the company’s reputation remains untarnished. (Can you say “data breach”?) But data
privacy isn’t just a business concern. Data privacy relates to how a piece of information—or data—
should be handled based on its relative importance. For instance, you likely wouldn’t mind sharing your name
with a stranger in the process of introducing yourself, but there’s other information you wouldn’t share, at
least not until you become more acquainted with that person. Open a new bank account, though, and you’ll
probably be asked to share a tremendous amount of personal information, well beyond your name. When
data that should be kept private gets in the wrong hands, bad things can happen. A data breach at a
government agency can, for example, put top secret information in the hands of an enemy state. A breach at a
corporation can put proprietary data in the hands of a competitor. A breach at a school could put students’ PII
in the hands of criminals who could commit identity theft. A breach at a hospital or doctor’s office can put PHI
in the hands of those who might misuse it. What we normally follow to secure data is At home, use a mail
slot or locking mailbox, so that thieves can’t steal your mail.
Before discarding, shred documents, including receipts and bank and credit card
statements, that contain personal information.
Make sure to secure your home Wi-Fi network and other devices so that criminals can’t
“eavesdrop” on your online activity.
Use strong, unique passwords for all of your online accounts.

30) Use of AI and Robotics in business

Robots are built to take a range of roles across many industries and
business areas.

 While artificial intelligence robots are now a common help in sectors such
as manufacturing and automobile, their adoption also is increasing across
food processing, retail, construction, and distribution. Artificial intelligence can
be used by entrepreneurs to efficiently disintegrate and analyze large amounts of data
from smaller compartments. It assists a company in better comprehending insights and,
as a result, improves business processes. Several companies have implemented custom
 business intelligence solutions to help them manage and execute official reports for a
variety of business functions. Only BI is capable of predicting current market trends or
foreseeing future developments.another example is Nuro Self-driving Vehicle – a
fully autonomous vehicle that transports goods quickly and safely.
 Artificial Intelligence accomplishes this by providing cutting-edge technology and
cutting-edge machines, as well as informing you of all market trends. As a result, it
ultimately aids in the enhancement of business functionality and processes.

31) Bio-war and bio-weapons

Biological warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such
as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans,
animals or plants as an act of war. Biological weapons (often termed ""bio-agents") are
living organisms  ( i.e. viruses, which are not universally considered "alive"). Biological warfare is
distinct from warfare involving other types of weapons of mass destruction (WMD),
including nuclear warfare, chemical warfare, and radiological warfare. None of these are
considered conventional weapons, which are deployed primarily for
their explosive, kinetic, potential.
Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to gain a strategic or tactical advantage
over the enemy, either by threats or by actual deployments. These agents may be lethal or non-
lethal, and may be targeted against a single individual, a group of people, or even an entire
population. They may be developed, acquired, stockpiled or deployed by nation states  In the
latter case it may also be considered bioterrorism.
32) Child Labour

Poverty leads to child labour. Poor families with large numbers make their

children work to keep the income steady.

 Children are cheap source of labor compared to adults. Therefore to cut the

labour costs, children are being hired as workers.
 Children are made to work in industries with hazardous chemicals,
machines under harsh weather condition , result in in physical casualties
and many severe diseases.
 Numbers of harassment and child abuse cases have drastically increased
in last few years most of them are sexual abuse cases occur with the girls
and boys aged below 15.
 Due to lack of education and proper guidance they get influenced by
criminals and take shortcut to become rich and end up committing crimes
at a tender age. The rates of juvenile crime cases are increasing day by
day in India.
 One in every 11 children in India is working.
 As a responsible citizen we can report child labour and make sure that
our society does not use child labour.
 The government should reduce unemployment, so elders can work and
their children can study.
Childhood is the most important phase for the development of physical and
emotional abilities. The problem of child labour is stealing childhood from many
children. Mere making laws to prevent it doesn’t solve the problem.
Implementation of the laws on a war footing is needed.
33) Role of social media in business

Social media plays a crucial role in business especially in terms of

reaching the global marketplace and getting more customer base. This has
also become one of the most effective and efficient tools in attracting
targeted traffic. There are actually well-known social media sites like
Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook that are commonly utilized by individuals
to socially connect online. Connecting with targeted audience utilizing
social media tools is proven to be an ideal way to obtain more saleable
business online. This does not only help in establishing traffic but this also
helps in improving your visibility level on search engines. Social media
marketing and other given social marketing methods have helped hundreds
of business achieve business targets. This is also one of the best ways to
develop link bait s and get popular. Social media plays a vital role in
business development in such a way that it helps increase brand value and
gives business huge recognition. Social media is the reason why the
business sector is booming massively and promotion and formation of
online marketing strategies are redefined.
34) Waste and waste disposal

 Waste is defined as unwanted and unusable materials and is regarded as a substance which
is of no use.  is mainly considered as a solid waste that includes wastes from our houses
(domestic waste), wastes from schools, offices, etc (municipal wastes) and wastes from
industries and factories (industrial wastes). If you follow the right method of waste disposal,
you can reduce pollution and environmental hazards. Steps that include proper waste
collection and scientific treatment that can reduce their contribution to water, soil, and air
pollution require proper waste management. The seven ‘R’s associated with waste
management are rejection, reuse, reduction, health, corruption, recycling, and
rethinking. By following each of these steps in the waste treatment process,
you can lead a hygienic and healthy life. 
 It is needed not only for us but for future generations. It also prevents waste
disposal workers, landfill workers, and other related workers from mitigating
the risks associated with improper waste management. It can cause blood
infections, respiratory and growth problems, skin irritation, etc. 

 Therefore, waste disposal should not depend on workers, but concerns

should start with all households. Waste disposal needs to be done
everywhere, including homes and businesses. Separation of biodegradable
waste, non-biodegradable and toxic products must be followed. The various
known disposal methods are Garbage Dump, Incineration, Biogas production,
Compaction of Waste, Compost, and Vermi composition.
 35) causes of water pollution

Water is one of the most vital natural resources on earth and has been around for a long time. In
fact, the same water which we drink has been around in one form or the other since the time of
the dinosaurs. That is a lot of water, however, less than 0.3% is accessible for human
consumption. As commercialization and industrialization have progressed, that number continues
to dwindle down. Furthermore, inefficient and outdated practices, lack of awareness and a
plethora of other circumstances have led to water pollution. One of the primary causes of water
pollution is the contamination of water bodies by toxic chemicals. the dumped plastic bottles,
tins, water cans and other wastes pollute the water bodies. These result in water pollution, which
harms not just humans, but the whole ecosystem. Toxins drained from these pollutants, travel up
to the food chain and eventually affect humans. In most cases, the outcome is destructive to only
local population and species, but it can have an impact on a global scale too.
It is said that Nearly 6 billion kilograms of garbage is dumped every year in the oceans. Apart
from industrial effluents and untreated sewage, other forms of unwanted materials are dumped
into various water bodies. These can range from nuclear waste to oil spills – the latter of which
can render vast areas uninhabitable.

36) Future of the internet

The Internet is just a few decades old, but in that short span of time it
has experienced significant changes. It grew out of a o independent
networks into a global entity. It serves as a platform for business,
communication, entertainment and education. And you can connect to
this enormous network through dozens of different devices. One thing
that seems certain is that data transmission speeds will increase
globally. In a number of cities, home and business Internet service will
be offered as a municipal utility, just as water and sewer services are
provided today. Subscribing to the municipal ISPs won’t be mandatory,
but everyone in their service areas will help to subsidize them through
taxes.Businesses will increasingly contract out their various IT needs
(storage, server space, etc.) to companies with large data centers built
for that purpose. Microsoft and Google will continue to grow by using
this business model.It will become virtually impossible to be considered
for any type of employment without some form of Internet access (even
if that means using a computer at a local library).

Not having Internet access will be seen as being on par with being
illiterate.

Companies that offer templates designed to allow non-technical users to

“create your own Website” or “create your own app” will continue to
grow. These types of services are meant for businesses, such as
restaurants, that recognize that their clientele expects serious
businesses to have Websites and apps, but do not have the budget to
hire a site designer or programmer.
 The increasing adoption of Internet of Things-enabled products will
result in more security breaches.

The ubiquity of smartphones and consumers’ fascination with third-party

apps will result in more security breaches

37) Human rights violations

 A state commits human rights violations either directly or indirectly.

Violations can either be intentionally performed by the state and or
come as a result of the state failing to prevent the violation. When a
state engages in human rights violations, various actors can be
involved such as police, judges, prosecutors, government officials, and
more. The violation can be physically violent in nature, such as police
brutality, while rights such as the right to a fair trial can also be violated,
where no physical violence is involved. The second type of violation –
failure by the state to protect – occurs when there’s a conflict between
individuals or groups within a society. If the state does nothing to
intervene and protect vulnerable people and groups, it’s participating in
the violations. Civil and political rights are violated through genocide,
torture, and arbitrary arrest.  economic, social, and cultural rights
include the right to work, the right to education, and the right to physical
and mental health. As is the case with all human rights, economic,
social, and cultural rights can be violated by states and other
actors. Contaminating water, for example, with waste from State-owned
facilities (the right to health)
 Evicting people by force from their homes (the right to adequate
housing) When governments are violating human rights either
directly or indirectly, civil society should hold them accountable
and speak out. The international community also has an obligation
to monitor governments and their track records with human
rights. Violations occur all the time, but they should always be
called out.
38) Social media addiction

 Social media addiction is a behavioral addiction that is defined by being overly

concerned about social media, driven by an uncontrollable urge to log on to or
use social media, and devoting so much time and effort to social media that it
impairs other important life areas. Similar to addictive drugs, social media
content and likes can trigger the release of the pleasure chemical
dopamine, which may explain why some people report feeling
addicted to these platforms. Social media giants like Facebook,
Tiktok, Twitter, and youtube pour billions of dollars into advertising
and hire engineers that are paid to make content more addictive.
 These sites also track your activity, customizing your feed to show
you posts you are most likely to look at, watch, or comment on. While
kids, teens, and young people are the heaviest social media users,
most adults are also active on at least one social media platform, and
many report having trouble limiting their time on them. Also, there
are many people who report social media has a negative impact on
them, their mental health, and their relationships, but continue to use
it anyway, causing some experts to wonder whether it’s possible to
become addicted to social media.

 39) Affordable and Clean energy


Click for the full image
 Lack of access to energy supplies and transformation systems
is a constraint to human and economic development. The
environment provides a series of renewable and non-
renewable energy sources i.e. solar, wind, hydropower,
geothermal, biofuels, natural gas, coal, petroleum, uranium. 

 Increased use of fossil fuels without actions to mitigate

greenhouse gases will have global climate change
implications. Energy efficiency and increase use of
renewables contribute to climate change mitigation and
disaster risk reduction. Maintaining and protecting ecosystems
allow using and further developing hydropower sources of
electricity and bioenergy. Hydropower is the largest single
renewable electricity source today, providing 16% of world
electricity at competitive prices. It dominates the electricity mix
in several countries, developed, emerging or developing.
 Bioenergy is the single largest renewable energy source
today, providing 10% of world primary energy supply.
By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to
clean energy research and technology, including renewable
energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-fuel
technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and
clean energy technology
40) science and environment allows scientists to examine how the biological,
chemical, and physical parts of an environment work with or perhaps in spite of each
other. This together can be called environmental science.

At this current time, the world around us is changing at a very rapid pace. Some changes
are beneficial, but many of the changes are causing damage to our planet. Science with
environment  is a valuable resource for learning more about these changes and how
they affect the world we live in. The large change is the dramatic increase in the number
of humans on earth. For most of human history, the population has been less than a
million people, but the current population has skyrocketed to over seven billion people.
This equals out to seven thousand times more people! Environmental scientist like the
understanding of earth processes, evaluating alternative energy systems, pollution
control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming and
climate change. Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of physical,
chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists bring a systems approach to
the analysis of environmental problems. Atmospheric sciences focus on the Earth's
atmosphere, with an emphasis upon its interrelation to other systems. As defined by the
Ecological Society of America, "Ecology is the study of the relationships between living
organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; it seeks to understand the vital
connections between plants and animals and the world around them. Environmental
chemistry is the study of chemical alterations in the environment. Geosciences
include environmental geology, environmental soil science, volcanic phenomena and
evolution of the Earth's crust. 

41)-5)

42) Is equality a myth?

Most of us have a God given belief that all human beings are born equal, which means that
everyone has equal qualities and equal attributes and gets equal opportunities to excel in life. Yet
today we see people who are a genius in doing some things and not even mediocre in doing
other things. It is argued that every human being has a different set of qualities and his success
depends on identifying and utilizing those qualities. But it is my belief that equality is a man made
term used only to satisfy the pseudo intellectuals. It is said that there are three general types of
equalities; religious and spiritual, mental and physical and economic equality. When practically
analyzed, the term “types of equalities” becomes ironic as equality at any level is nonexistent.
Most of the religions including Christianity, Judaism and Islam declare that all humans are created
equal regardless of their color, race and status. However the concept of heaven and hell in these
very same religions contradicts their concept of equality. There is also the case of mental and
physical equality. Every person may not be mentally and physically equal, some are mentally
sharper than others and some live physically better lives than others. It is argued that people are
given equal potential to excel in something and their success depends on identifying and utilizing
that potential. Yet, most of the people with disabilities cannot be equal to others because they
cannot equip themselves to fully recognize their potential and compete with other people.coming
 to gender inequality . In Islam, women are not given equal property rights as compared with the
property rights given to men and a woman’s testimony is given half weight age to that of a man.
Equality on an economic level is possible under an ideal system but practically it is almost
impossible to introduce such a system. But in all these cases, two features can be gleaned which
prove equality as a myth. 

43) What is more important? Ethics or profit

Making profits while ensuring ethical practices is important for a business to

grow in the longer race. Ethics are the moral principles that govern a person's behavior.
Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as moral
philosophy.
 
Profit is a financial benefit that is realized when the amount of revenue gained from a business
activity exceeds the expenses, costs and taxes.
 Many companies maintain a balance between making profitable business and being ethically
responsible.
 The ethics line while making Profits sometimes gets crossed in effort to maximize
profits. Companies that cross too far over the line may face legal repercussions that can prove
costly and can cause damage to the brand.

Business needs to remain ethical for its own good. Unethical actions may yield positive results in
the short run and even give meteoric rise. However, for sustainable business and profitability of
the firm, business is required to conduct itself ethically and to run activities on ethical lines.
Doing so would lay a strong foundation for the business for continued and sustained existence.
Time and again, it has been proved that it is only ethical organizations that have continued to
survive, grow and become profitable, whereas unethical ones have a pattern of growing quickly
and even more quickly dying and forgotten.

44) Why holistic education is important?

Over the course of time, we have gone through a number of changes in the systems
of education. Each system has its own unique set of advantages. These systems have
evolved over time giving way to the modern education system as we know it. The
phrase holistic education refers to the inclusion of multiple facets of life like
livelihood skills, economics, health and nutrition into education. It is a progressive
education system. Holistic education is a personalised learning pathway which
changes from student to student. At its core, the system takes into account that no
two individuals are the same. Some students pick up things faster while others might
take more time to learn the same thing. Unlike conventional education, this
difference is accommodated for. Holistic education is important today than ever
before because of the ease with which students can access information. The sheer
quantity of information present online can be overwhelming but then students who
have gained experience at accessing it can easily filter out those that are relevant
from those that are not. The development of emotional, intellectual, physical,
spiritual and social aspects of the student are the main focus areas of holistic
education.
 45) Can artifical intelligence replace human intelligence?

 Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence programmed into machines. It is
the capacity of a laptop or robot to perform duties that can be generally finished by people due to
the fact they require human intelligence. AI can be visible anywhere today, it complements most
phone cameras to permit better pictures, facilitates us to control our budget and is included in our
everyday lives in lots of ways. Artificial intelligence takes lots of extra time to modify to the brand-new
adjustments while people can adapt to adjustments effortlessly and this makes people able to learn and ace
numerous abilities.
 There is no doubt that machines are a lot better in terms of running successfully but they can’t
replace the human connection that makes the team. Machines can’t develop a bond with people
which is an important characteristic of Team Management. Machines can carry out only those
obligations which they’re designed or programmed to do, anything out of that, they tend to crash or
deliver inappropriate outputs which will be a prime backdrop. As AI is updating each day the
hardware and software programs want to get up to date with time to satisfy the trendy
requirements. In the end, AI can only provide data, it cannot think practically and emotionally and
make decisions. This can only be done by humans as of now. Therefore, it has been claimed that
at least five million jobs will get replaced by smart machines by the year 2022. I do trust this but
stand by my opinion that it is next to impossible for a gadget to absolutely replace the human
input. I hold a firm opinion that there’s an extensive variety of jobs which can’t be completed
without human finesse.

In conclusion, while the usage of artificial intelligence will in reality make lifestyles even more
convenient for humankind in the years yet to come or even pressure people to evolve their ability sets,
it’s going to perhaps in no way be liable for such machines to absolutely replace human resources.
Humankind, the creator of the machines, will constantly be in charge of directing, operating and
controlling the use of this technology. Human interplay and human input will in no way be made
obsolete due to such machines. A combination of human and computer workforce is only going to
make all the approaches extra efficient and accurate in a given workplace.

46) Poverty Eradication

 Poverty has declined worldwide, but progress has been uneven. Extreme poverty is mainly
concentrated in rural areas.

 Rural development and agricultural productivity growth are crucial for poverty reduction.

 Deteriorating ecosystems, unsustainable natural resource management and climate change are
disproportionally affecting the poor. Unless these trends are halted and reversed, the goal of
eradicating poverty will remain elusive.

 Poverty cannot be eradicated without addressing the pervasive inequalities in incomes and
economic opportunities between and within countries, between rural and urban areas, and
between men and women. Reducing such inequalities will need to start with improving access
for the poor to productive resources, basic services and social protection.

1. Develop and implement rapid and sustained economic growth policies and programs, in areas
such as health, education, nutrition and sanitation, allowing the poor to participate and
helped 800 million people out of poverty since 1978. Create and improve access to jobs and icome
and develop entrepreneurial talent.
2. Providing all people with access to basic social services 
3. Remove barriers to equal access to resources and services.
4. Provide access to technology and innovation 

47) Freedom of press

48) Competencies required for a manager

Competencies are behaviors an employee displays in order to translate the

knowledge and skills and leverage the traits to deliver a performance on the job.
different jobs will require different competencies. An offshore software engineer
needs to have the necessary technical skills to write the code and written and verbal
communication skills to effectively communicate across the world, among others. In
this case, the communication competency is highly valuable, given the offshore
nature of the work. Most managers will spend a majority of their time managing
people, and everything that is connected with people, even more so in the
knowledge industry. Although all interactions count, including phone conversations,
e-mail, or Instant Messenger, it’s the face time that has the most impact. If a person
rather spend your time in your own office by yourself, perhaps a manager role isn’t
for suitable . While you may love to work with people, the people around you should
also love to work with you, and a measure of that is the number of people who feel
comfortable coming up and talking to you. There is no substitute for core values
like honesty, integrity, and trustworthiness. These are very important for any
employee in general, and are even more important for managers, as managers have
a high impact on people and processes. Communication is the bread and butter
for a manager. Another key competency for a manager is to be able to build teams.

49) Digital India

Digital India was an initiative taken by the Government of India for providing high-speed internet
networks to rural areas. Digital India Mission was launched by PM Narendra Modi as a
beneficiary to other government schemes including Make in India, Bharatmala, Sagarmala,
Startup India

Digital India Mission is mainly focused on

1. Providing digital infrastructure as a source of utility to every citizen.

2. Governance and services on demand.
3. To look after the digital empowerment of every citizen.

The Government has taken up many initiatives under the Digital India campaign. DigiLockers,
E-Hospitals, E-Pathshala , BHIM whivh is upi
Some of the challenges and drawbacks of Digital Mission are mentioned below:

1. The daily internet speed, as well as the Wi-Fi hotspots, are slow as compared to other
developed nations.
2. Most of the small and medium scale industry has to struggle a lot for adapting to the new
modern technology.
3. Limited capability of entry-level smartphones for smooth internet access.

50) Effect of Covid-19 on the Indian Economy

Hospitality Sector:
As many states have imposed localised lockdowns, the hospitality sector is facing a repeat of 2020. The
hospitality sector includes many businesses like restaurants, beds and breakfast, pubs, bars, nightclubs and
more. The sector that has contributed to a large portion of India’s annual GDP has been hit hard by restrictions
and curfews imposed by the states.
Tourism Sector:
The hospitality sector is linked to the tourism sector. The sector that employs millions of Indians started
bouncing back after the first wave, but the second wave of covid was back for the devastation! The tourism
sector contributes nearly 7% to India’s annual GDP.
It comprises hotels, homestays, motels and more. The restrictions due to the second wave have crippled the
tourism sector, which was already struggling to recover from the initial loss suffered by the businesses in 2020.
Aviation and Travel sector:
Aviation and other sector establishments faced a massive struggle during the second wave of the pandemic.
The larger travel sector is also taking a hit as people are scared to step out of their homes. For airlines and the
broader travel sector, its recovery will depend on whether people in future will opt for such services. At
present, the outlook for the aviation and broader travel sector does not look good.
Automobile sector:
The automobile sector is expected to remain under pressure in the near term due to the covid-19 situation in
India.
Real Estate and Construction sector:
The real estate and construction activities have started facing a disruption during the second wave as a large
number of migrant workers have left the urban areas. The situation has not been grave as of 2020 for this
sector.
Fiscal Deficit:
The Covid-19 pandemic has not affected our fiscal deficit and disinvestment target much. In this year’s union
budget, Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a fiscal deficit target of 6.8% for 2021 to 2022. India’s
fiscal deficit for 2020-21 zoomed to 9.5% of GDP as against 3.5% projected earlier. 

51) Do we lack quality consciousness?

The best example of quality consciousness we get to see in our
daily life is the scene in a vegetable market. There we can see
people fetching and arguing with vendors for good quality in least
possible price.
Indians are not having less quality consciousness. India is a
fastest developing country in the world. In India, there 3 kinds of
people living they are.

1. RICH PEOPLE-wants to buy quality products.

2. MIDDLE CLASS-wants to buy a product which depends on their

income status.

3. POOR CLASS-always wants to buy more number of products by

using low amount of pelf.
 In India most of the population comes under middle class and
poor class families whose income is not much. Most of them
cannot even arrange meals twice a day. It is not because of their
lack of knowledge or understanding about quality but it is due to
their low income that they cannot afford best quality products. It
is because of their income that they have to compromise with the
quality of product.
SO MONEY WILL DECIDE THE PEOPLE QUALITY CONSCIOUS.
Being quality conscious is not just about buying branded items,
but it is about getting best deal in ones budget. And Indians do it
very well ! My point is that our people are neither quality
conscious nor quantity conscious. Depending upon their standard
of living, they decide which will suites their life. They are thinking
about their future and spend according to the products they buy.
For example, our people consider quality on health based
products and quantity on use and throw products. The two things
that conclude the quality consciousness of Indians are illiteracy
and poverty.
52) Can creativity and discipline go hand in hand?
 Creative work does not always go hand-in-hand with discipline. We
define creativity as work based on inspiration — and inspiration
does not follow a specific plan. It may be momentary and
spontaneous. When you stop changing your environment, you kill
creativity. One cannot create if he does not continuously grow as a
person. When you are doing something that you do not enjoy, no
amount of self-discipline and planning can make you creative. You
can stay disciplined as far as forcing yourself to sit and stare at the
screen. The trick in creative work is to be working without actually
thinking about it as a job. We can’t perform up to our full potential
when surrounded by people we don’t like. It’s just a human factor.
Especially when it is your boss who demands more discipline, better
planning, and more significant results from you. Such people must
understand that the creative job done under pressure does not
compare to the creative job done in freedom. As soon as you come to
realize that rules are your ally, you will be able to use them for your
benefit. Don’t be afraid of them, and don’t be scared to break them.
Creative process may be messy, but a smart extent of rules will not
hurt.
53) Gender Equality
Gender Equality refers to equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities for both women and
men. It implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into
consideration, recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men. Worldwide,
women’s fundamental rights continue to be violated, and they face discrimination in access to
education, work, social protection, inheritance, economic assets, productive resources,
participation in decision-making and society. Women spend two to ten times more time on unpaid
work than men, which is one of the main obstacles to economic and political empowerment.
Many gender disparities emerge in early childhood and intensify in adolescence. Girls are
deprived of access to health care or proper nutrition, leading to a higher mortality rate. As they
move into the age of adolescence, gender disparities widen. Child marriage affects girls far more
than boys. Women’s and girls’ education is a vital component that helps in Gender Equality. By
obtaining proper education, the door to many new opportunities will open up for women. They
get skilled and can easily find employment. Employment will empower them and give them
financial independence, alternative sources of social identity, and exposure to power structures
independent of kin networks. Another crucial step towards Gender Equality is eliminating all
forms of violence against women and girls in public and private spheres, including trafficking and
sexual and other types of exploitation. Apart from it, it is essential to eliminate all harmful
practices by society, such as abortion of girl child, early and forced marriage, dowry system etc.
It is also true that we can only succeed through the participation of both women and
men.

Therefore it is important to engage more men in standing for gender equality for this
is the way to bring about change. 

54) Environmental Issues

Our environment is constantly changing, and as our environment changes so does the need to
become increasingly aware of the environmental issues that are causing these changes. With a
massive increase in natural disasters, warming and cooling periods, and different types of
weather patterns, people need to be a lot more cautious with the way they lead their lives in
conjunction with the types of environmental issues our planet is facing. Environmental issues are
the harmful effects of human activities on the environment. These include pollution, over-
population, waste disposal, climate change, global warming, greenhouse effect, etc. 
Various environment protection programs are being practised at the individual, organizational
and government levels with the aim of establishing a balance between man and environment.
problems
Climate change is a great concern in today’s scenario. The burning of fossil fuels, emissions from
the automobiles and chlorofluorocarbons add to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The
ozone layer is a layer of concentrated ozone gas. The introduction of harmful substances into
rivers, oceans, lakes and ponds, which changes the physical, chemical or biological condition of
the water is called water pollution. Air pollution is the result of emissions from the industries,
automobiles, and increasing use of fossil fuels. Deforestation is the depletion of trees and forests
at an alarming rate. The earth’s population is increasing drastically.

Solutions to Environmental Issues

Following are some of the most common solutions to the environmental issue:

1. Replace disposal items with reusable items.

2. The use of paper should be avoided.
3. Conserve water and electricity.
4. Support environmental friendly practices.
5. Recycle the waste to conserve natural resources.

55) Agri Businesses

 Agribusiness is a combination of the words "agriculture" and

"business" and refers to any business related to farming and
farming-related commercial activities.
 Agribusiness involves all the steps required to send an agricultural
good to market, namely production, processing, and distribution.
 Companies in the agribusiness industry encompass all aspects of
food production.
  Climate change has placed intensifying pressure on many
companies in the agribusiness industry to successfully adapt to the
large-scale shifts in weather patterns.
Changes in consumer taste alter what products are grown and raised. The
use of new technology is vital to remain competitive in the global
agribusiness sector. Farmers need to reduce crop costs and increase yield
per square acre to remain competitive. The use of new technology is vital
to remain competitive in the global agribusiness sector. Farmers need to
reduce crop costs and increase yield per square acre to remain
competitive.
56) Technology in business
Technology in business is a growing necessity. As the years go by, the business world is leaning
more and more toward it, making it almost impossible to separate the two from each other. The
role of technology in business caused a tremendous growth in trade and commerce. Business
concepts and models were revolutionized as a result of the introduction of technology. This is
because technology gave a new and better approach on how to go about with business. It
provided a faster, more convenient, and more efficient way of performing business transactions.
Business involves communication, transportation, and more fields, making it a complex web of
processes. TTechnology in business made it possible to have a wider reach in the global market.
The basic example is the Internet, which is now a common marketing tool to attract more
consumers in availing products and services offered by various businesses.he technologies
pertaining to other fields only pushed business further. Globalization has been realized because
of the wonders of technology. Anyone can now do business anywhere within being constricted
to the four corners of his room.
57) Is online work the way of the future?

 Not really according to me The line between work and home will be blurred. In
general, employees leave work tensions at office and come home to relax. But
this opportunity will be lost and it may cause anxiety. If work and personal life
are not balanced well, work will extend to longer hours. This can create WFH
burnout.
 Employees have to set up a work environment at home, which will incur extra
expense. Even then, some people may not focus on work due to the lack of a
professional atmosphere.
 Some companies are giving so much work just because their employees are
working from home.
 Teamwork is a bit difficult while working from home.
 Working from home from a long periods of time can hamper social and
interpersonal skills.
 Continuously staying at home may make some people feel isolated.
 For some people, setting up office space at home may not be an option due to
lack of extra space in the home.
 Some jobs may require employees to be online during work hours and the
continuous power supply may not be available to many.
 It can be difficult to establish connections with new colleagues because the
opportunity to meet and talk with them during coffee breaks will be lost.

58) Role of startups in economic prosperity

 When it comes to startups, a general perception is that it needs to be in a developed country where all
the resources are available. In truth, that misses the point: startups can begin anywhere, and it's often
the countries with the greatest needs that present the biggest opportunities. Startups are the
centers of innovation;
 Startups create jobs which means more employment, and more employment means
an improved economy;
 Startups have a direct-impact on the cities that they make their homes. Look at how
Infosys has changed Bangalore, Alibaba impacted Hangzhou, Microsoft changed
Redmond and Google transformed Mountain View, California. They improved
employment patterns providing job opportunities to both experienced and young
professionals. This led to surge in inflow of graduates and relocation of experienced
professionals from different cities;
 The “dynamism gap” between the large cities and the rest of the country narrows
down due to startups;
 Startups boost the economy with revolutionary technology and create new industries
over time. When these startups go public, they truly become money-making engines
for not just the owners but also for the employees and shareholders;
 Startups also contribute in changing the image of the country.
59) Self-Reliant India
In May 2020, Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi launched the Self-reliant India
(Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan) mission to promote Indian goods in the global supply
chain markets and help the country achieve self-reliance. The mission was announced
amid the pandemic when the government allocated funds worth Rs. 20 lakh crore (US$
268.74 billion), which amounts to ~10% of India’s GDP, as a stimulus package to help
recover the economy by promoting incentives for domestic production. It encompasses
themes such as ‘Local for Global: Make in India for the World’ and ‘Vocal for Local’.

The key objectives of the ‘Self-reliant India’ (Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan) mission are as
follows:

 Develop India into a global supply chain hub.

 Build the government's trust in the private sector capabilities and prospects.

 Establish 'good force multipliers' for Indian manufacturers.

 Enter the global markets to export goods including agriculture, textiles, clothing and jewellery.

 Determine adequacy of each sector (e.g., defence, agriculture, healthcare, infrastructure, etc.),
with the help of FY22 budget, to achieve self-reliance.

60)
Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including
alcohol and illicit drugs. The use of psychoactive substances causes significant health and social
problems for the people who use them, and also for others in their families and communities.
Substances of abuse include alcohol, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens,
 prescription and over-the-counter drug abuse. Psychoactive substance use poses a significant
threat to the health, social and economic aspects of families, communities and nations.  Globally,
the prevalence of alcohol use disorders is significantly higher than the prevalence of drug use
disorders. Generally, alcohol and drug use disorders are more common among males than
among females. Health and social problems associated with use of and dependence on tobacco,
alcohol and illicit substances can be prevented by greater awareness by individuals, families and
societies to use appropriate public health actions.
61) Malnourishment and Hunger

Everyone feels hungry at times. Hunger is the body's signal that it needs food. Once we've eaten
enough food to satisfy our bodies' needs, hunger goes away until our stomachs are empty again.

Malnutrition is not the same thing as hunger, although they often go together. People who are
chronically malnourished lack the nutrients needed for proper health and development. Someone
can be malnourished for a long or short period of time, and the condition may be mild or severe.
People who are malnourished are more likely to get sick and, in severe cases, might even die.

Chronic hunger and malnutrition can cause significant health problems. People who go hungry all
the time are likely to be underweight, weighing significantly less than an average person of their
size. If malnourished as a child, their growth may also be stunted, making them much shorter
than average. Some diseases and conditions prevent people from digesting or absorbing their
food properly. For example:

 Someone with celiac disease has intestinal problems that are triggered by a protein called gluten,
which is found in wheat, rye, and barley.
 Kids with cystic fibrosis have trouble absorbing nutrients because the disease affects the
pancreas, an organ that normally produces enzymes necessary for digestion.

The signs and symptoms of malnutrition depend on which nutritional deficiencies a person has,
although they can include:

 fatigue (tiredness) and low energy

 dizziness
 poor immune function (which can harm the body's ability to fight off infections)
 dry, scaly skin

62) Responsible Consumption

Achieving economic growth and sustainable development requires that we

urgently reduce our ecological footprint by changing the way we produce and
consume goods and resources. Agriculture is the biggest user of water worldwide,
and irrigation now claims close to 70 percent of all freshwater for human use.

The efficient management of our shared natural resources, and the way we
dispose of toxic waste and pollutants, are important targets to achieve this goal.
Encouraging industries, businesses and consumers to recycle and reduce waste
is equally important, as is supporting developing countries to move towards more
sustainable patterns of consumption by 2030.

A large share of the world population is still consuming far too little to meet even
their basic needs.  Halving the per capita of global food waste at the retailer and
consumer levels is also important for creating more efficient production and
supply chains. This can help with food security, and shift us towards a more
resource efficient economy.
 63) The Plastic Menace

 Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic on earth which is negatively

impacting the environment and living beings. Plastic is non-biodegradable and
takes approx 500 to 1000 years to completely degrade.
 We are inhaling and literally eating plastic . A lot of plastic wastage is
dividing into smaller particles and are mixing in air and inland. And hence
we are inhaling the plastic particles and eating the plants that absorbed
plastic from the land.
 There is no proper awareness among the public about the ill-effects of
plastic usage.
 Though there are bans on plastic bags, the alternatives are not
encouraged enough.
 Most of the plastic waste is mixing in oceans, posing severe problems for
marine life. A lot of ocean animals are dying by eating plastic waste. Fishes
are eating polystyrene (small plastic particles). When we eat these ocean
fishes, we are indirectly eating plastic.
 Plastic waste is polluting land and groundwater as well. Plants are
absorbing small plastic particles. Plastic waste is preventing rainwater
from seeping into the ground. These products clog drains as well.
Bangladesh witnessed worse floods due to plastic waste and hence
imposed ban on plastic.
 Many animals are dying by eating plastic covers.
 These days everything including food is wrapped in plastic. When these
products are exposed to heat, it releases dangerous chemicals such
as BPA (bisphenol-a) into food. The same goes for plastic bottles as well.
This causes severe health problems when consumed.
 Polyvinyl chloride & polycarbonates that are present in plastic waste
causes skin diseases, cancers etc.
 Plastic waste should be effectively recycled by constructing roads and
houses etc. with plastic waste.
 We should target the production stage. Supply of plastic items is too high.
Manufacturers should be made liable for the waste.
 Imposing responsibility and heavy fines to manufacturers will force them
to look for alternatives to pack their goods, for example, some soaps are
now being packed in paper materials instead of plastic.

64) Is India ready for electric vehicles?

No, India is not ready for electric vehicles

 The major issue faced is the lack of infrastructure for electric vehicles. India does not
have a well-structured setup for charging stations, thus limiting the journeys.
 Power theft in India is very common and it costs more than $16 billion a year. If such
great revenue is lost to power theft, the development will be hindered.

 As the total system will be supported by electricity, power cuts will have adverse
effects. Even developed cities in India face power cuts today, let alone villages and
other areas.
 The maximum speed offered by an electric car is much less than a fuel-driven car.

CONCLUSION
To bring electrification into action, subsidies play an important role. India witnesses a
successful application of electric vehicles in its public transport system, that needs to
enhance. Introduction of electric cars or personal electric vehicles may take time as they
require a supportive infrastructure with convenient charging stations. As said by the
Union Minister, India can bring maximum electric vehicles on road by 2030.

65)-14)

66) Mahatma Gandhi's relevance in today's times

Gandhian philosophy and teachings are his social ideas which he

adopted were developed first in South Africa from 1893 to 1914 and
then in India.
Gandhi Ji believed in truth and non-violence (Ahimsa). The word
ahimsa by Gandhi Ji was used to bring out the meaning of active
love. He believed that this was the most powerful principle for
universal justice. According to him, human-beings could solve
conflicts peacefully.  Gandhiji laid great emphasis upon cleanliness or
Swacchta, as he used to say- ‘Swacchta Hin Seva’.

o The recent Swacchta Bharat Abhiyaan, the biggest cleanliness

drive of India, is to fulfill the dream of Bapu by making India clean.
Gandhiji held that “Earth has enough for Human needs, But not for
Human greed’s”.
 o These lines of Mahatma Gandhi reflect upon how human
behaviour destroys nature and how a sustainable way of living
is the need of the hour.

Today, the path and means used by Mahatma Gandhi have become
relevant not only in India but also beyond the boundaries of India,
to other countries wherever people have been suppressed or
injustice has been institutionalized.

67) Merits and Demerits of Online Teaching

In the physical classrooms, there is a time limitation but this online education is not bound to

time. The lecture can be provided anytime and can be attended from anywhere. Online education

provides a balance between studies and family. 

As we know, there is a concept of micro-teaching in which with the help of a teacher, the scope

of improvement of teaching is introduced. With online education, all delivered lectures can be

recorded and the students can ask the teacher to watch it again or to improvise.

The online learning system has reduced the cost that is incurred on education. It is far more

affordable and economical than the physical mode of teaching. 

The online mode of education will give the students the scope to hone their technical skills.

These may include using online platforms, new software, performing in-depth research online,

communicate effectively via online mediums, etc. These skills will amp up the students' resumes

by adding the skills needed for jobs. 

Demerits
No Focus on Students: It has been observed that even in a physical classroom it is difficult to

have full focus on all the students present in the class. Moreover, in the virtual classroom teacher

can only watch a maximum of six to seven students at a time.

Another challenge in the online mode of education can be lack of understanding and usage of an

online platform.

Health Concerns: The screen time has inevitably increased due to the shift in the online mode

of education. 

68)
1. Using public transports
Using public transport is a sure short way of contributing to less air
pollution as it provides with less gas and energy, even carpools
contribute to it. In addition to less release of fuels and gas, using a
public transport can also help in saving money.
2. Turn off the lights when not in use
The energy that the lights take also contribute to air pollution, thus less
consumption of electricity can save energy. Use energy saving fluorescent lights
to help the environment.

3. Recycle and Reuse

The concept of recycle and reuse is not just conserve resources and use them
judicially but also is helpful for air pollution as it helps in reducing pollution
emissions. The recycled products also take less power to make other products.

4. No to plastic bags
The use of plastic products could be very harmful to the environment as they
take a very long time to decompose, due to their material made up of oil. 

5. Reduction of forest fires and smoking

The collecting of garbage and getting it on fire in dry seasons or dry leaves
catching fires is a huge factor for causing air pollution, moreover  smoking also
causes air pollution and causes the air quality to worsen along with obviously
damaging one’s health.
7. Use filters for chimneys
The gas that is emitted from fireplaces in homes and factories are extremely
dangerous for air pollution and harms the air quality severely. 
8. Avoid usage of crackers
The use of crackers during festivals and weddings is sadly one of the biggest
contributors to air pollution, leading to a layer of smog which is extremely
harmful for health.

10. Implement Afforestation

Last but not the least, plant and grow as many trees as possible. The practice of
planting trees provides a lot of benefits to the environment and helps with the
release of oxygen.

69) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations

Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for
people and the planet, now and into the future. At its heart are the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), which are an urgent call for action by all countries -
developed and developing - in a global partnership. Almost all of the other 16 goals
are related to health or their achievement will contribute to health indirectly. The
SDGs aim to be relevant to all countries – poor, rich and middle-income – to promote
prosperity while protecting the environment and tackling climate change. They have
a strong focus on improving equity to meet the needs of women, children and
disadvantaged populations in particular so that “no one is left behind”.They recognize
that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that
improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all
while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.

73) Importance of Sports in schools

Sports have been viewed as a way to stay healthy and fit. But sports’
importance goes much further. Sports help in the overall development of
students. Playing sports teaches lessons of life, such as teamwork,
accountability, self-confidence, responsibility, and self-discipline.
Sports in school help prepare students to face the challenges of life. They
enhance physical and mental abilities of students and help them achieve
the goals of their life. One can realize the importance of sports by the
various national and international sporting events organized all over the
world, where sportspersons represent their own countries. The training of
the students starts right from the school level. Sports help develop values
of mutual trust and cooperation. By indulging in sports, you can get the
best exercises, which help maintain youroverall fitness. Sports not only
contribute to physical health but also enhance social and personality
development. They helpin enhancing leadership skills and in improving
 capacity for goal setting and character building. A student, who is active in
sports, will naturally have greater self-esteem, improved social interaction,
and a more positive outlook on life. The main contribution of sports to
nation building is by fostering feelings of unity and national pride.
Students learn to be mutually loving and peaceful citizens.

74)
Youth have always been in politics especially at the time of reform movements.
Most of these young people are in informal politics rather than formal politics.
Ex – Social movements, Pressure groups etc. Importance of youth in Politics:-

 Fresh and innovative ideas.

 Comparatively young people have fewer responsibilities and more zeal towards the betterment
of society.
 Youth tends to more enthusiastic, energetic and flexible.
 India is one of the youngest democracies having 65% of its population below the 35 years. But
the percentage of the young MPs is just 13% in the parliament, which is a drawback to the
representativeness of the democracy.
 Policies affecting youth can be framed by young people themselves rather than old politicians,
who most probably cannot feel the contemporary problems young people are facing.
 By making politics accessible to youth, the negative perceptions of politics can be slowly erased
in the minds of young people.

Negative side:-

 hey lack experience. Experience teaches tolerance and the ability to have realistic visions.
 Young people can easily be manipulated and can be used as mere puppets in the hands of older
politicians. 
 At present, Politics are not accessible to the common young people.
 Most of the young politicians of the present generation are from
political families.
 Economic constraints. Being active in politics doesn’t ensure a regular
paycheck.
 Even if one choose politics as a career, she/he has to wait for a really long
time to get public support.
 Lack of political institutions.