1) A leader is born not made

Leaders are made because leaders come from all walks of life, people can become leaders
at any point in their lives, people become better leaders over time, Behavioral Theories
believe that people can become leaders through the process of teaching, learning and
observation. Leadership is a set of skills that can be learned by training, practice and
experience over time. Yes, leadership skills can be taught and learned. Leaders are not a
different breed of people. They are not born to lead, but prepared to lead. These
individuals are motivated to climb the ladder in their organizations, and interested in
learning emerging leadership skills to be successful leaders.
2) Knowledge is the biggest asset you can accumulate

It is said that The more knowledge you gain,the more enlightened your vision becomes”.
Knowledge is power and knowledge empowers us to make the best choices and decisions that
will produce a happy, healthy, successful life to us and the people around us. It is something
which cannot be taken back from you, you gain knowledge into every step of life, being
knowledge is the greatest asset in life. Knowledge makes you wise and happy everyday. It
builds confidence , improves our communication skills an. Knowledge drives all business
activities, growth of the company and it is a company’s differentiator. Your greatest asset is
your earning ability, to apply your knowledge, skills in order to get results which others will
pay. 

3) Who is a leader?

To be a good leader, he should be aware of all the human idiosyncrasies and every
spectrum of life. He should be empathetic and at the same time should have the ability to
take strong, bold and necessary decisions even if it means he will become unpopular. 
Troubling and conflicting times are what makes for a good leader. From Nelson Mandela
to Abraham Lincoln, everyone has risen to the occasion and been a sense of hope for their
followers when people were at their most vulnerable and difficult times.
4) Global warming
Global warming is the phenomenon of a gradual increase in the temperature near the
earth’s surface. There are several causes of global warming, which have a negative effect
on humans, plants and animals. These causes may be natural or might be the outcome of
human activities. Global warming is mostly because of people burning things,
like gasoline for cars and natural gas to keep houses warm. But the heat from the burning
itself only makes the world a tiny bit warmer: it is the carbon dioxide from the burning
which is the biggest part of the problem. As the Earth's surface temperature becomes
hotter the sea level rises.we can reduce it by reduce reuse recycke,drive less drive
smart,use the off switch,change light bulb,plant more plants.

5) Unemployment in India
The facts say that India’s unemployment rate in march 2022 was 7 percent. It is
still very down but has turned out to be better than before considering its
downfall from 8 percent in frb 2022. It indicates that the country is returning to
 the pre COVID levels in terms of unemployment. The experts from the economic
department say that the labour workforce was depressed even before the
outbreak of the pandemic and the situation during COVID has made it worse.
The Center for Monitoring Indian Economy has claimed that participation from
the labour force and employment rates have remained low. This is the data that
is indicating labour fallout from labour markets due to lack of jobs.
6) Should there be a retirement age for politicians?

People’s representatives should be fit physically as well as psychologically.

Senior politicians should give chance to young politicians. So that fresh ideas and
plans can be implemented.

Politics involve a lot of travelling. One cannot rule the city by sitting at their office.
Continuous travelling and visits require a lot of physical strength.

Politicians should not take many leaves. Older politicians tend to take many leaves
because of age related ailments.

Young people are more flexible, adoptive and risk taking when compared to senior
politicians.

There is a retirement age for public servants as well as private employees. So the
same rule should be applied to politicians as well.

7) Freedom is a myth

 Everyone living in democratic countries has political rights such as freedom of speech,
freedom to choose their leaders and freedom in many other aspects of life. But still, this
freedom has limitations. Freedom of speech and expression is always a threat.for
example People who have power decides whether a particular speech is ethical or not. We
think that we have the freedom to travel to any place and to live in the place of our choice.
But in reality, there are boundaries among countries and several restrictions to settle in
another place. We have more freedom now than our ancestors . Recognizing freedom as a
fundamental right was the first and most important step in any society. We do have the
freedom to choose our lifestyle, to follow a religion of our choice, to improve our social
status, to choose our leaders and to become a leader etc. With time, we are exploring the idea
of freedom. Hence freedom is not a myth. It is a reality. Freedom in any aspect should have
limitations to prevent causing inconvenience to others.

8) Safety of women in India

Women in India have been given equal rights as men; however, people do not follow this rule.
They contribute to the growth and development of our country; still, they are living in fear.
Women are now on respected positions in the country, but if we take a look behind the curtains,
we see even then they are being exploited. Each day we read about horrific crimes being
committed against women in our country like it’s a norm. Most importantly, men must be taught
to respect women from an early age. They must consider women as equals so they don’t even
 think of harming them. When you consider someone inferior, you tend to oppress them. If this
thinking goes away, half of the crimes will automatically end.

In short, crimes against women are stopping the growth of our country. We must not put the
blame on women and ask them to be extra careful. Instead, we must ask the men to change their
thinking and work to make the world a safer place for women.

9) Is India ready for a cashless Economy?

Till the moment 500 & 1000 rupee notes are demonetized, cash transactions
constituted 85% among all the financial transactions in India.

Even after the demonetization move, cash transactions are still the king.

India has a huge population of digital illiterates. It’ll take a lot of time to transform
everyone into digital literates.

No country is a fully cashless economy yet. India is still a developing country, and needs
a lot time to transform itself into cashless economy.

Though no. of accounts have increased drastically after the demonetization

move, once the scarcity of new notes is reduced, there is no guarantee that everyone
will use that bank accounts.

With the recent hack of 32 lakh Rupay & Visa debit cards, there is a doubt in cyber
security of Indian Banking. Before going for completely cashless economy, India
needs to strengthen its cyber security first.

10) The single use plastic ban

 For centuries, we have been destructing the environment for our economic gains. And over
the years destruction has only increased. We have now reached such a point that it has
become almost impossible to undo the damage. In order to save life on earth, we should start
letting go of our economic gains. Plastics survive even the extremes of the climatic
conditions. It takes around 500 years for the simple plastics to break into their chemical
components whereas the complex plastic i.e. most of them are non-biodegradable.
 The plastics do not decompose into their constituents but break down into minute pieces,
known as microplastics.
 The plastics make their way to the water bodies and they adversely affect the feeding habits
there. It’s high time that we shift to alternatives of plastics, recycle most of the plastic. While
India has pledged to ban single-use plastic by 2022, other countries, as well as companies, are
also taking proactive steps to curb plastic pollution and its effect. In this century we cannot
afford any economic gain which is not environmentally sustainable.

11) Should there be a limit to Media Freedom?

Freedom in any context is never absolute. Freedom of Media is essential but rising concerns
of misinformation, data manipulation, fake news etc. in the current environment are making
authorities to place regulations on it to some extent. Media many a times plays a critical role
in diverting people’s attention from real issues such as unemployment, public policies,
poverty etc. to unimportant issues such as personal lives of celebrities. Media houses often
tend to polarize people according to their ideologies. Sometimes they present a biased version
of news and make people believe the same. Freedom of the press is a group effort, and when
individuals, organizations and governments come together to preserve it, everyone benefits.

12) Plant a tree, save the earth?

Trees are like the lungs of the earth. They are the assets that keep our mother earth
healthy.Trees play a significant role in our existence. They consume carbon dioxide
and provide us with fresh oxygen to breathe.Human beings and herbivores are
largely dependent on them as they are the source of food, fruits and vegetables.We
get medicines, timber, wood, gum, fibre, rubber, latex, and so many other things
from trees.They offer shadow and shelter not only to humans, but also give habitat
to wildlife.They try to maintain environmental balance. For instance, when it gets
too hot, trees help in bringing rainfall. They fight severe climate changes.Trees make
the mother earth look beautiful and relaxing. They nourish various life forms in
many ways. Planting more trees will also add to the earth’s natural beauty.Trees
fight water pollution and prevent soil erosion. They prevent pollutants from flowing
into water sources.The only way we can defend global warming and environmental
pollution is by saving and planting trees.Taking action towards saving trees is not
something we would merely do to save them, but to protect our own lives. Save trees,
sav

13) Privitisation of Public Sector undertakings

Privatisation can suggest several things including the migration of something from the
public sector to the private sector. Government services and operations may also be
(denationalised) privatised. In these circumstances, private entities are tasked with the
application of government plans or the execution of government assistance that had
earlier been the vision of state-run companies. Some instances involve law enforcement,
revenue collection, and prison management. In the state of Washington before 2012, the
liquor sales were controlled and operated by the government. The state regulated when
and how the liquor was sold and collected the revenue. However, in 2012, the
government privatised liquor sales. After privatisation, private businesses could sell
liquor to the general public. For any economy, privatisation is important because it
creates jobs and builds a healthy competition in the market. Privatisation works for
maximising profit by improving the standards of customer services and goods.

14) Is Freedom of press important?

Freedom of press is the backbone of Democracy. It is the foundation and essential

condition for a successful democracy.In a  democratic society the freedom of press must
be protected. This right can be available only in a society where there is right to freedom
of expression. The freedom to criticise government without suffering any interference or
punishment before or after publication is the freedom of press. According to The
Universal Declaration of Human Rights ” Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion
 and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference, and
impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers”
15) The necessity of safe drinking water
Water is one of the basic necessities for life. Studies have stated that humans can survive
for a few weeks without food but when it comes to water, people can’t survive a week
without it. Severe dehydration can be deadly or it can also cause complications to a
person’s health. Additionally, it is used in your day-to-day living for drinking, cooking,
and cleaning. That just shows that water is a primary necessity for all people. But water
can only be as good for us if it is also safe and clean to drink. It is necessary that the water
you consume must undergo filtration methods like reverse osmosis to remove unseen
contaminants from the water. It’s an unfortunate fact that there are still millions of people
around the globe who have no access to clean drinking water. Thus, a lot of people get
sick and even die every day due to the consumption of dirty water. That is why it’s crucial
to make sure the water that you consume every day is treated and disinfected repeatedly
to ensure its cleanliness.
16) Should the states be reorganised?
At present there are 29 states and 7 union territories in our India. Recently formed states are
‘Telangana’ which is separated from ‘Andhra Pradesh’, ‘Jharkhand’ which is separated from
‘Bihar’, ‘Chattisgarh’ from ‘Madya Pradesh’, and ‘Utterakhand’ from ‘Utter Pradesh’. By
smaller states, educational, industrial, and agricultural development will be faster.
By smaller states, people of backward regions can better taken care of.
Competition between states will be high. So that development increases.
But It involves a lot of expenditure such as more number of ministers, courts etc.
Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram etc. are divided from Assam, but they still remained as
backward states.
In some regions, political leaders are are demanding for separate state for their selfish reasons
such as minister posts.
People of other states may wrongly motivated by the division of other states, and they may
also start revolution.
India – unity in diversity. So, we should strive for unity.
If there are effective and honest leaders, there is no need of reorganization of states. And the
division of state mainly depends on the current situation of the state. If disadvantages of
separating the state are much less than the advantages, it should be divided.

17) Hard Work vs Smart Work

Smart work is intellectual. Hence it improves our innovative and creative thinking skills.
Smart work improves productivity.
It teaches time management skills.
Because of smart work, we now have more free time. Smart work forces us to concentrate on
work fully because it demands mental presence too. mart work may make us lazy, as we get
used to doing less work and get more output.
Mere smart work may not yield results. “Hard work beats talent when talent doesn’t work
hard”. Hence we cannot completely rely on smart work.
To work smartly, at first we need knowledge about the work, which comes only with hard
work and experience.
We cannot teach hard work to smart working persons if they are not willing to work hard.
Through hard work, we gain knowledge and experience. This will help us to do smart work,
that means we can then analyse shortcuts to do the same amount of work.
Hard work teaches us patience and discipline.
The result of hard work will be more appealing to us because we put a lot of effort into
achieving it.
Hard work may become boring and monotonous.
It consumes a lot of time and effort.
If we fail after doing so much hard work, it’ll be very difficult to cope up with it.

18) Citizens' responsibility to mitigate climate change

Public participation can play an important part in efforts to achieve climate neutrality.
However, in order to achieve the desired effects, engagement needs to be carried out in a way
that is meaningful—both for the citizens and the institutions involved. Despite renewed
attention in recent years, the call for public participation in climate action is not new. The
food we eat, the things we buy, the way we power our homes, and how we choose to travel all
contribute to climate change in some way. The production of our everyday items not only
requires energy and resources that take a toll on the environment, but also emit greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere, which contribute to rising global temperatures.
But by lowering your intake of animal products, becoming a more conscious consumer,
switching to renewable energy, and choosing more eco-friendly modes of transportation — like
biking to work — we can help reduce our carbon footprints and advance the Sustainable
Development Goals.  

19) Automation and the future of workforce

The automation revolution is raising increasingly interesting questions about the nature of

the workplace – and about what it might look like in the future. Skill shifts have
accompanied the introduction of new technologies in the workplace since at least the
Industrial Revolution, but adoption of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) will mark an
acceleration over the shifts of even the recent past. The need for some skills, such as
technological as well as social and emotional skills, will rise, even as the demand for others,
including physical and manual skills, will fall. These changes will require workers
everywhere to deepen their existing skill sets or acquire new ones. Companies, too, will need
to rethink how work is organized within their organizations.

20)-12)
21) Water Crisis

Water connects every aspect of life. Access to safe water and sanitation can quickly turn
problems into potential – empowering people with time for school and work, and contributing
to improved health for women, children, and families around the world. 

Today, 771 million people – 1 in 10 – lack access to safe water and 1.7 billion people – 1 in 4
– lack access to a toilet.

Women are disproportionately affected by the water crisis, as they are often
responsible for collecting water. This takes time away from work, school and caring
for family. The lack of water and sanitation locks women in a cycle of poverty. The
water crisis is a health crisis. Nearly 1 million people die each year from water,
 sanitation and hygiene-related diseases which could be reduced with access to safe
water or sanitation. Every 2 minutes a child dies from a water-related disease. Access
to safe water and sanitation contributes to improved health and helps prevent the
spread of infectious disease. It means reduced child and maternal mortality rates. It
means reduced physical injury from constant lifting and carrying heavy loads of
water. 

22) Recycling for environment

Recycling is processing waste materials and using them to make new products. For example,
old newspapers are recycled and can be made into new paper products such as paper, tissues,
cardboard etc.
By recycling things, we can prevent valuable materials from mixing into the garbage. By this,
we can reduce the need for the extraction of more resources from the planet. So, this helps in
building a sustainable world.
It also reduces the burden of garbage on the planet. Daily, a huge amount of garbage goes
into landfills. More garbage means more space is needed for landfills. That will result in
reduced space for us to live and for farming.
Landfills are one of the top sources of methane emissions. So, recycling can help in reducing
these emissions.
By saving natural resources, we can secure the future of the next generation. Moreover, by
encouraging recycling, future generations too will follow the route.
Plastic and other harmful products affect wildlife. There are several incidents of animals
getting hurt by consuming plastic. These incidences can be prevented by sending harmful but
recyclable products to recycling plants.
By following the principle of “The 3 R’s” – Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle, we can protect the
environment. If we reduce the number of things we buy, there will be a lesser need for
recycling.
Recycling can reduce the amount of garbage that is produced every day. It can also reduce
the burden on natural resources, and hence we can secure the well-being of future
generations. Recycling is very important now than ever, as the population and materialism
are increasing.

23) Man-made environmental disasters

Man made disasters list what are the causes and effects of man made environmental disasters
is being put together, since our recent rash of environmental disasters have been covering the
headlines.few such incidents are Bhopal, India: Bhopal disaster, also referred to as the Bhopal
gas tragedy is classified as the world’s worst industrial catastrophe and environmental
disasters which took place in the late night hours. What once used to be the Aral Sea is now
just a shocking 10% of what it’s original size had been due to irrigation projects by the Soviet
Union. Indonesian Forest Fires started in the middle of 1997, caused primarily by slash and
burn techniques adopted by the farmers of Indonesia. Though we enjoy having fuel for our
cars and electricity in our homes, technological and industrial progress often puts the natural
environment at risk. The result is a variety of man-made environmental disasters ranging
from fuel spills, nuclear meltdowns, and the careless usage and disposal of hazardous
materials. When these disasters inevitably occur, it can take decades or longer to return a
local environment to a livable condition following large-scale contamination.
 24) Ukraine-Russia war

 On 24th February 2022, Russia launched a “special military operation” in its neighbouring

country Ukraine. After the announcement from Russia’s President Vladimir Putin, powerful
explosions were reported in several cities of Ukraine.
 Ukraine wants to join NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), which is strongly
opposed by Russia. Russia is against NATO’s eastward expansion stating that the
expansion is a threat to its security. Russia’s President Vladimir Putin demanded a
legally binding guarantee that Ukraine will not join NATO and also NATO should not
conduct any military activity in Eastern Europe.
 Since November 2021, Russia has started amassing tens of thousands of soldiers and
military equipment near Ukraine’s border. As of February 2022, approximately
1,50,000 Russian soldiers are there near Ukraine’s border.
 France and Germany took the role of mediators to reduce the tensions . They
communicated with both presidents to exercise restraint.
 On 21st February 2022, Russia recognized Donetsk, Luhansk as separate countries.
They are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine.
 Several countries including the US, UK and the European Union opposed the
recognition of Donetsk, Luhansk as republics and imposed limited sanctions on
Russia.
 On 24th February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine by land, air and sea. Explosions were
reported in several cities of Ukraine on the same day.
 Many countries including France and Germany are condemning Russia for declaring
war. European Union is preparing to launch new sanctions on Russia for attacking
Ukraine.
 Ukrainian president Zelensky said that they will defend themselves against the attack.
Even though Ukraine’s armed forces are heavily outnumbered by Russia’s armed
forces, they are fighting really hard. Even civilians of Ukraine joined the fight to
defend their country.
 On 8th March 2022, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the president of Ukraine said that since
NATO does not want confrontation with Russia, it is not prepared to accept Ukraine
into NATO and hence he is no longer asking for NATO membership for his country. 

25) Business ethics

The system of moral and ethical beliefs that guides the values, behaviors, and decisions of a
business organization and the individuals within that organization is known as business
ethics. Some ethical requirements for businesses are codified into law; environmental
regulations, the minimum wage, and restrictions against insider trading and collusion are all
examples of the government setting forth minimum standards for business ethics. The
leadership and management of a company set the atmosphere of operations in the company.
Their philosophy is adopted by the employees of the company right to the very bottom
rung. ethical practices build more trust and cohesion amongst employees of the company.
This greatly affects their productivity. 

26) Future of healthcare beyond the pandemic

In pandamic its been a Drive-through testing and vaccinations. Telehealth. Home visits.
Covid-19 has changed the way providers around the country deliver health care, and I don’t
think the changes aren’t going away anytime soon.
But for community health centers and free and charitable clinics around the country, that may
actually be a great thing.
Also Video-calls-as-doctor's-visit wasn't a tool created because of COVID-19, but the
pandemic has transformed it from an obscure practice to the new way to do health care.
Importantly, policy changes made during the pandemic helped knock down some barriers for
telemedicine access, and helped providers get paid for it. Even through a computer screen,
there are roadblocks to accessing health care. Before COVID-19, some patients, depending
on where they live and what medical condition they have, would need to drive across state
lines to access a specialist (which requires an amount of time and money many patients don't
have). The loosening of interstate licensure laws during the pandemic has allowed people to
connect with a doctor miles away, and even fill a prescription across state lines. 

27)Has Covid pandemic created any advantage for Indian business?

The findings of the survey reflect that the pandemic created various operational and financial
challenges for Indian businesses. During the lockdown, approximately 71.31 percent of the
businesses dealt with reduced cash flows with the manufacturing sector being the worst hit.
Nonetheless, dependency on virtual meetings has remained constant throughout the two time
periods, implying that remote work might be the “new normal”. With the crisis and all of
that, the Indian market especially attracted a lot of foreign investments resulting in a huge
uptrend and eventually making the tech, Agro & bio industry and not missing out on the
supply chain a major highlight with all off the missing factors over the years. With
exceptional investments came increase in employment rate creating more and more jobs and
drop in layoffs. But at the same time speaking about the overall Indian Business point of
view, some of the large scale might have caught the limelight but many of the small scale
missed out resulting in close of business, striving to survive day by day. This portrays the
imbalance caused over the most beneficial times too. Instead, incremental changes are
necessary by improving the regulatory structure, increasing data access, and re-imagining the
industrial cluster system to orient it to global standards will go a long way in pushing India
ahead. It is only through concerted efforts, and reposing faith in domestic businesses can
India shine again.

28) Inclusive growth

Inclusive growth means economic growth that creates employment opportunities and helps in

reducing poverty. It means having access to essential services in health and education by the
poor. It includes providing equality of opportunity, empowering people through education
and skill development.
It also encompasses a growth process that is environment friendly growth, aims for good
governance and helps in creation of a gender sensitive society.
As per OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), inclusive growth
is economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all.
Skill development plays a key role here.
India is facing a dual challenge in skill development:

First, there is a paucity of highly trained workforce

Second, there is non-employment of conventionally trained youths
 Financial Inclusion is the process of ensuring access to financial services to vulnerable
groups at affordable costs.
The world is moving towards an era of Industrial Revolution 4.0. These technological
advancements have capabilities to both decrease or increase the inequality depending on the
way these are being used.
It means the empowerment of all marginalised sections of the population like
SC/ST/OBC/Minorities, women and transgenders.

29) Why Data Privacy is important?

Data privacy has always been important. It’s why people put locks on filing cabinets and rent
safety deposit boxes at their banks. But as more of our data becomes digitized, and we share
more information online, data privacy is taking on greater importance.

A single company may possess the personal information of millions of customers—data that
it needs to keep private so that customers’ identities stay as safe and protected as possible,
and the company’s reputation remains untarnished. (Can you say “data breach”?) But data
privacy isn’t just a business concern. Data privacy relates to how a piece of information—or
data—should be handled based on its relative importance. For instance, you likely wouldn’t
mind sharing your name with a stranger in the process of introducing yourself, but there’s
other information you wouldn’t share, at least not until you become more acquainted with
that person. Open a new bank account, though, and you’ll probably be asked to share a
tremendous amount of personal information, well beyond your name. When data that should
be kept private gets in the wrong hands, bad things can happen. A data breach at a
government agency can, for example, put top secret information in the hands of an enemy
state. A breach at a corporation can put proprietary data in the hands of a competitor. A
breach at a school could put students’ PII in the hands of criminals who could commit
identity theft. A breach at a hospital or doctor’s office can put PHI in the hands of those who
might misuse it. What we normally follow to secure data is At home, use a mail slot or
locking mailbox, so that thieves can’t steal your mail.
Before discarding, shred documents, including receipts and bank and credit card statements,
that contain personal information.
Make sure to secure your home Wi-Fi network and other devices so that criminals can’t
“eavesdrop” on your online activity.
Use strong, unique passwords for all of your online accounts.

30) Use of AI and Robotics in business

Robots are built to take a range of roles across many industries and business areas.

 While artificial intelligence robots are now a common help in sectors such as manufacturing
and automobile, their adoption also is increasing across food processing, retail, construction,
and distribution. Artificial intelligence can be used by entrepreneurs to efficiently disintegrate
and analyze large amounts of data from smaller compartments. It assists a company in better
comprehending insights and, as a result, improves business processes. Several companies
have implemented custom business intelligence solutions to help them manage and execute
 official reports for a variety of business functions. Only BI is capable of predicting current
market trends or foreseeing future developments.another example is Nuro Self-driving
Vehicle – a fully autonomous vehicle that transports goods quickly and safely.
 Artificial Intelligence accomplishes this by providing cutting-edge technology and cutting-
edge machines, as well as informing you of all market trends. As a result, it ultimately aids in
the enhancement of business functionality and processes.

31) Bio-war and bio-weapons

Biological warfare, is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such

as bacteria, viruses, insects, and fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans,
animals or plants as an act of war. Biological weapons (often termed ""bio-agents") are
living organisms  ( i.e. viruses, which are not universally considered "alive"). Biological
warfare is distinct from warfare involving other types of weapons of mass
destruction (WMD), including nuclear warfare, chemical warfare, and radiological warfare.
None of these are considered conventional weapons, which are deployed primarily for
their explosive, kinetic, potential.
Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to gain a strategic
or tactical advantage over the enemy, either by threats or by actual deployments. These
agents may be lethal or non-lethal, and may be targeted against a single individual, a group of
people, or even an entire population. They may be developed, acquired, stockpiled or
deployed by nation states  In the latter case it may also be considered bioterrorism.
32) Child Labour
Poverty leads to child labour. Poor families with large numbers make their children work to
keep the income steady.

 Children are cheap source of labor compared to adults. Therefore to cut the labour costs,
children are being hired as workers.
 Children are made to work in industries with hazardous chemicals, machines  under
harsh weather condition, result in in physical casualties and many severe diseases.
 Numbers of harassment and child abuse cases have drastically increased in last few
years most of them are sexual abuse cases occur with the girls and boys aged below
15.
 Due to lack of education and proper guidance they get influenced by criminals and
take shortcut to become rich and end up committing crimes at a tender age. The rates
of juvenile crime cases are increasing day by day in India.
 One in every 11 children in India is working.
 As a responsible citizen we can report child labour and make sure that our society
does not use child labour.
 The government should reduce unemployment, so elders can work and their children
can study.

Childhood is the most important phase for the development of physical and emotional
abilities. The problem of child labour is stealing childhood from many children. Mere making
laws to prevent it doesn’t solve the problem. Implementation of the laws on a war footing is
needed.
33) Role of social media in business
Social media plays a crucial role in business especially in terms of reaching the global
marketplace and getting more customer base. This has also become one of the most effective
and efficient tools in attracting targeted traffic. There are actually well-known social media
sites like Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook that are commonly utilized by individuals to
socially connect online. Connecting with targeted audience utilizing social media tools is
proven to be an ideal way to obtain more saleable business online. This does not only help in
establishing traffic but this also helps in improving your visibility level on search engines.
Social media marketing and other given social marketing methods have helped hundreds of
business achieve business targets. This is also one of the best ways to develop link bait s and
get popular. Social media plays a vital role in business development in such a way that it
helps increase brand value and gives business huge recognition. Social media is the reason
why the business sector is booming massively and promotion and formation of online
marketing strategies are redefined.
34) Waste and waste disposal

 Waste is defined as unwanted and unusable materials and is regarded as a substance

which is of no use.  is mainly considered as a solid waste that includes wastes from
our houses (domestic waste), wastes from schools, offices, etc (municipal wastes) and
wastes from industries and factories (industrial wastes). If you follow the right
method of waste disposal, you can reduce pollution and environmental hazards. Steps
that include proper waste collection and scientific treatment that can reduce their
contribution to water, soil, and air pollution require proper waste management. The
seven ‘R’s associated with waste management are rejection, reuse, reduction, health,
corruption, recycling, and rethinking. By following each of these steps in the waste
treatment process, you can lead a hygienic and healthy life. 
 It is needed not only for us but for future generations. It also prevents waste disposal
workers, landfill workers, and other related workers from mitigating the risks
associated with improper waste management. It can cause blood infections,
respiratory and growth problems, skin irritation, etc. 

 Therefore, waste disposal should not depend on workers, but concerns should start
with all households. Waste disposal needs to be done everywhere, including homes
and businesses. Separation of biodegradable waste, non-biodegradable and toxic
products must be followed. The various known disposal methods are Garbage Dump,
Incineration, Biogas production, Compaction of Waste, Compost, and Vermi
composition.

35) causes of water pollution

Water is one of the most vital natural resources on earth and has been around for a long time.
In fact, the same water which we drink has been around in one form or the other since the
time of the dinosaurs. That is a lot of water, however, less than 0.3% is accessible for human
consumption. As commercialization and industrialization have progressed, that number
continues to dwindle down. Furthermore, inefficient and outdated practices, lack of
awareness and a plethora of other circumstances have led to water pollution. One of the
primary causes of water pollution is the contamination of water bodies by toxic chemicals.
the dumped plastic bottles, tins, water cans and other wastes pollute the water bodies. These
result in water pollution, which harms not just humans, but the whole ecosystem. Toxins
drained from these pollutants, travel up to the food chain and eventually affect humans. In
most cases, the outcome is destructive to only local population and species, but it can have an
impact on a global scale too.
It is said that Nearly 6 billion kilograms of garbage is dumped every year in the oceans. Apart
from industrial effluents and untreated sewage, other forms of unwanted materials are
dumped into various water bodies. These can range from nuclear waste to oil spills – the
latter of which can render vast areas uninhabitable.

36) Future of the internet

The Internet is just a few decades old, but in that short span of time it has experienced
significant changes. It grew out of a o independent networks into a global entity. It serves
as a platform for business, communication, entertainment and education. And you can
connect to this enormous network through dozens of different devices. One thing that
seems certain is that data transmission speeds will increase globally. In a number of cities,
home and business Internet service will be offered as a municipal utility, just as water and
sewer services are provided today. Subscribing to the municipal ISPs won’t be
mandatory, but everyone in their service areas will help to subsidize them through
taxes.Businesses will increasingly contract out their various IT needs (storage, server
space, etc.) to companies with large data centers built for that purpose. Microsoft and
Google will continue to grow by using this business model.It will become virtually
impossible to be considered for any type of employment without some form of Internet
access (even if that means using a computer at a local library).

Not having Internet access will be seen as being on par with being illiterate.

Companies that offer templates designed to allow non-technical users to “create your own
Website” or “create your own app” will continue to grow. These types of services are
meant for businesses, such as restaurants, that recognize that their clientele expects
serious businesses to have Websites and apps, but do not have the budget to hire a site
designer or programmer.

The increasing adoption of Internet of Things-enabled products will result in more

security breaches.

The ubiquity of smartphones and consumers’ fascination with third-party apps will result
in more security breaches

37) Human rights violations

 A state commits human rights violations either directly or indirectly. Violations can
either be intentionally performed by the state and or come as a result of the state failing
to prevent the violation. When a state engages in human rights violations, various actors
can be involved such as police, judges, prosecutors, government officials, and more. The
violation can be physically violent in nature, such as police brutality, while rights such as
the right to a fair trial can also be violated, where no physical violence is involved. The
second type of violation – failure by the state to protect – occurs when there’s a conflict
between individuals or groups within a society. If the state does nothing to intervene and
protect vulnerable people and groups, it’s participating in the violations. Civil and
political rights are violated through genocide, torture, and arbitrary arrest.  economic,
 social, and cultural rights include the right to work, the right to education, and the right
to physical and mental health. As is the case with all human rights, economic, social, and
cultural rights can be violated by states and other actors. Contaminating water, for
example, with waste from State-owned facilities (the right to health)
 Evicting people by force from their homes (the right to adequate housing) When
governments are violating human rights either directly or indirectly, civil society
should hold them accountable and speak out. The international community also has
an obligation to monitor governments and their track records with human rights.
Violations occur all the time, but they should always be called out.
38) Social media addiction

 Social media addiction is a behavioral addiction that is defined by being overly

concerned about social media, driven by an uncontrollable urge to log on to or use
social media, and devoting so much time and effort to social media that it impairs
other important life areas. Similar to addictive drugs, social media content and likes
can trigger the release of the pleasure chemical dopamine, which may explain why
some people report feeling addicted to these platforms. Social media giants like
Facebook, Tiktok, Twitter, and youtube pour billions of dollars into advertising and
hire engineers that are paid to make content more addictive. These sites also track
your activity, customizing your feed to show you posts you are most likely to look at,
watch, or comment on. While kids, teens, and young people are the heaviest social
media users, most adults are also active on at least one social media platform, and
many report having trouble limiting their time on them. Also, there are many people
who report social media has a negative impact on them, their mental health, and their
relationships, but continue to use it anyway, causing some experts to wonder whether
it’s possible to become addicted to social media.

 39) Affordable and Clean energy


Click for the full image

 Lack of access to energy supplies and transformation systems is a constraint to human

and economic development. The environment provides a series of renewable and non-

renewable energy sources i.e. solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, biofuels, natural

gas, coal, petroleum, uranium. 

 Increased use of fossil fuels without actions to mitigate greenhouse gases will have

global climate change implications. Energy efficiency and increase use of renewables

contribute to climate change mitigation and disaster risk reduction. Maintaining and

protecting ecosystems allow using and further developing hydropower sources of

electricity and bioenergy. Hydropower is the largest single renewable electricity

 source today, providing 16% of world electricity at competitive prices. It dominates

the electricity mix in several countries, developed, emerging or developing.

 Bioenergy is the single largest renewable energy source today, providing 10% of

world primary energy supply.

By 2030, enhance international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and
technology, including renewable energy, energy efficiency and advanced and cleaner fossil-
fuel technology, and promote investment in energy infrastructure and clean energy
technology

40) science and environment allows scientists to examine how the biological, chemical,
and physical parts of an environment work with or perhaps in spite of each other. This
together can be called environmental science.

At this current time, the world around us is changing at a very rapid pace. Some changes
are beneficial, but many of the changes are causing damage to our planet. Science with
environment  is a valuable resource for learning more about these changes and how they
affect the world we live in. The large change is the dramatic increase in the number of
humans on earth. For most of human history, the population has been less than a million
people, but the current population has skyrocketed to over seven billion people. This
equals out to seven thousand times more people! Environmental scientist like the
understanding of earth processes, evaluating alternative energy systems, pollution
control and mitigation, natural resource management, and the effects of global warming
and climate change. Environmental issues almost always include an interaction of
physical, chemical, and biological processes. Environmental scientists bring a systems
approach to the analysis of environmental problems. Atmospheric sciences focus on the
Earth's atmosphere, with an emphasis upon its interrelation to other systems. As defined
by the Ecological Society of America, "Ecology is the study of the relationships between
living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; it seeks to
understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them.
Environmental chemistry is the study of chemical alterations in the environment.
Geosciences include environmental geology, environmental soil
science, volcanic phenomena and evolution of the Earth's crust. 

41)-5)

42) Is equality a myth?

Most of us have a God given belief that all human beings are born equal, which means
that everyone has equal qualities and equal attributes and gets equal opportunities to excel
in life. Yet today we see people who are a genius in doing some things and not even
mediocre in doing other things. It is argued that every human being has a different set of
qualities and his success depends on identifying and utilizing those qualities. But it is my
belief that equality is a man made term used only to satisfy the pseudo intellectuals. It is
said that there are three general types of equalities; religious and spiritual, mental and
physical and economic equality. When practically analyzed, the term “types of equalities”
becomes ironic as equality at any level is nonexistent.  Most of the religions including
 Christianity, Judaism and Islam declare that all humans are created equal regardless of
their color, race and status. However the concept of heaven and hell in these very same
religions contradicts their concept of equality. There is also the case of mental and
physical equality. Every person may not be mentally and physically equal, some are
mentally sharper than others and some live physically better lives than others. It is argued
that people are given equal potential to excel in something and their success depends on
identifying and utilizing that potential. Yet, most of the people with disabilities cannot be
equal to others because they cannot equip themselves to fully recognize their potential
and compete with other people.coming to gender inequality . In Islam, women are not
given equal property rights as compared with the property rights given to men and a
woman’s testimony is given half weight age to that of a man. Equality on an economic
level is possible under an ideal system but practically it is almost impossible to introduce
such a system. But in all these cases, two features can be gleaned which prove equality as
a myth. 

43) What is more important? Ethics or profit

Making profits while ensuring ethical practices is important for a business to grow in the
longer race. Ethics are the moral principles that govern a person's behavior.  Ethics is
concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as moral
philosophy.
 
Profit is a financial benefit that is realized when the amount of revenue gained from a
business activity exceeds the expenses, costs and taxes.
 Many companies maintain a balance between making profitable business and being ethically
responsible.
 The ethics line while making Profits sometimes gets crossed in effort to maximize
profits. Companies that cross too far over the line may face legal repercussions that can prove
costly and can cause damage to the brand.

Business needs to remain ethical for its own good. Unethical actions may yield positive
results in the short run and even give meteoric rise. However, for sustainable business and
profitability of the firm, business is required to conduct itself ethically and to run activities on
ethical lines. Doing so would lay a strong foundation for the business for continued and
sustained existence. Time and again, it has been proved that it is only ethical organizations
that have continued to survive, grow and become profitable, whereas unethical ones have a
pattern of growing quickly and even more quickly dying and forgotten.

44) Why holistic education is important?

Over the course of time, we have gone through a number of changes in the systems of
education. Each system has its own unique set of advantages. These systems have evolved
over time giving way to the modern education system as we know it. The phrase holistic
education refers to the inclusion of multiple facets of life like livelihood skills, economics,
health and nutrition into education. It is a progressive education system. Holistic education is
a personalised learning pathway which changes from student to student. At its core, the
system takes into account that no two individuals are the same. Some students pick up things
faster while others might take more time to learn the same thing. Unlike conventional
education, this difference is accommodated for. Holistic education is important today than
ever before because of the ease with which students can access information. The sheer
 quantity of information present online can be overwhelming but then students who have
gained experience at accessing it can easily filter out those that are relevant from those that
are not. The development of emotional, intellectual, physical, spiritual and social aspects of
the student are the main focus areas of holistic education.

45) Can artifical intelligence replace human intelligence?

 Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence programmed into

machines. It is the capacity of a laptop or robot to perform duties that can be generally
finished by people due to the fact they require human intelligence. AI can be visible
anywhere today, it complements most phone cameras to permit better pictures, facilitates
us to control our budget and is included in our everyday lives in lots of ways. Artificial
intelligence takes lots of extra time to modify to the brand-new adjustments while people
can adapt to adjustments effortlessly and this makes people able to learn and ace
numerous abilities.
 There is no doubt that machines are a lot better in terms of running successfully but they
can’t replace the human connection that makes the team. Machines can’t develop a bond
with people which is an important characteristic of Team Management. Machines can
carry out only those obligations which they’re designed or programmed to do, anything
out of that, they tend to crash or deliver inappropriate outputs which will be a prime
backdrop. As AI is updating each day the hardware and software programs want to get up
to date with time to satisfy the trendy requirements. In the end, AI can only provide data,
it cannot think practically and emotionally and make decisions. This can only be done by
humans as of now. Therefore, it has been claimed that at least five million jobs will get
replaced by smart machines by the year 2022. I do trust this but stand by my opinion that
it is next to impossible for a gadget to absolutely replace the human input. I hold a firm
opinion that there’s an extensive variety of jobs which can’t be completed without human
finesse.

In conclusion, while the usage of artificial intelligence will in reality make lifestyles even
more convenient for humankind in the years yet to come or even pressure people to evolve
their ability sets, it’s going to perhaps in no way be liable for such machines to absolutely
replace human resources. Humankind, the creator of the machines, will constantly be in
charge of directing, operating and controlling the use of this technology. Human interplay
and human input will in no way be made obsolete due to such machines. A combination of
human and computer workforce is only going to make all the approaches extra efficient and
accurate in a given workplace.

46) Poverty Eradication

 Poverty has declined worldwide, but progress has been uneven. Extreme poverty is mainly
concentrated in rural areas.

 Rural development and agricultural productivity growth are crucial for poverty reduction.

 Deteriorating ecosystems, unsustainable natural resource management and climate change are
disproportionally affecting the poor. Unless these trends are halted and reversed, the goal of
eradicating poverty will remain elusive.
 Poverty cannot be eradicated without addressing the pervasive inequalities in incomes and
economic opportunities between and within countries, between rural and urban areas, and
between men and women. Reducing such inequalities will need to start with improving
access for the poor to productive resources, basic services and social protection.

1. Develop and implement rapid and sustained economic growth policies and

programs, in areas such as health, education, nutrition and sanitation, allowing the poor
to participate and
helped 800 million people out of poverty since 1978. Create and improve access to
jobs and icome and develop entrepreneurial talent.
2. Providing all people with access to basic social services 
3. Remove barriers to equal access to resources and services.
4. Provide access to technology and innovation 

47) Freedom of press

Freedom of the press is the most important wheel of democracy. Without a free press, a
democracy cannot exist. In fact, the press is a great medium that conveys the truth to
people. However, it cannot function fully if the press is not free. The press has been given
the responsibility of checking and balancing the administration and the government.
Whenever there is a social evil lurking or corruption and oppression happens, the press is
the first one to raise a voice. In short, freedom of the press is important for the smooth
functioning of democracy. It is important for people to be socially aware of happenings in
the world. One must have the power to criticize the government; it will keep the
administration on their toes to do better for the country. As we can conclude from the
earlier statements, the press has a huge responsibility on their shoulders. They need to be
vigilant and honest. Media has a powerful role to play in any form of government,
whether democratic or totalitarian. The information they distribute helps in shaping the
views of the public.

48) Competencies required for a manager

Competencies are behaviors an employee displays in order to translate the knowledge and

skills and leverage the traits to deliver a performance on the job. different jobs will require
different competencies. An offshore software engineer needs to have the necessary technical
skills to write the code and written and verbal communication skills to effectively
communicate across the world, among others. In this case, the communication competency is
highly valuable, given the offshore nature of the work. Most managers will spend a majority
of their time managing people, and everything that is connected with people, even more so
in the knowledge industry. Although all interactions count, including phone conversations, e-
mail, or Instant Messenger, it’s the face time that has the most impact. If a person rather
spend your time in your own office by yourself, perhaps a manager role isn’t for suitable .
While you may love to work with people, the people around you should also love to work
with you, and a measure of that is the number of people who feel comfortable coming up
and talking to you. There is no substitute for core values like honesty, integrity, and
trustworthiness. These are very important for any employee in general, and are even more
important for managers, as managers have a high impact on people and processes.
Communication is the bread and butter for a manager. Another key competency for a
manager is to be able to build teams.

49) Digital India

Digital India was an initiative taken by the Government of India for providing high-speed
internet networks to rural areas. Digital India Mission was launched by PM Narendra Modi as
a beneficiary to other government schemes including Make in India, Bharatmala, Sagarmala,
Startup India

Digital India Mission is mainly focused on

1. Providing digital infrastructure as a source of utility to every citizen.

2. Governance and services on demand.
3. To look after the digital empowerment of every citizen.

The Government has taken up many initiatives under the Digital India campaign.
DigiLockers, E-Hospitals, E-Pathshala , BHIM whivh is upi
Some of the challenges and drawbacks of Digital Mission are mentioned below:

1. The daily internet speed, as well as the Wi-Fi hotspots, are slow as compared to other
developed nations.
2. Most of the small and medium scale industry has to struggle a lot for adapting to the
new modern technology.
3. Limited capability of entry-level smartphones for smooth internet access.

50) Effect of Covid-19 on the Indian Economy

Hospitality Sector:
As many states have imposed localised lockdowns, the hospitality sector is facing a repeat of
2020. The hospitality sector includes many businesses like restaurants, beds and breakfast,
pubs, bars, nightclubs and more. The sector that has contributed to a large portion of India’s
annual GDP has been hit hard by restrictions and curfews imposed by the states.
Tourism Sector:
The hospitality sector is linked to the tourism sector. The sector that employs millions of
Indians started bouncing back after the first wave, but the second wave of covid was back for
the devastation! The tourism sector contributes nearly 7% to India’s annual GDP.
It comprises hotels, homestays, motels and more. The restrictions due to the second wave
have crippled the tourism sector, which was already struggling to recover from the initial loss
suffered by the businesses in 2020.
Aviation and Travel sector:
Aviation and other sector establishments faced a massive struggle during the second wave of
the pandemic. The larger travel sector is also taking a hit as people are scared to step out of
their homes. For airlines and the broader travel sector, its recovery will depend on whether
people in future will opt for such services. At present, the outlook for the aviation and
broader travel sector does not look good.
Automobile sector:
The automobile sector is expected to remain under pressure in the near term due to the covid-
19 situation in India.
Real Estate and Construction sector:
The real estate and construction activities have started facing a disruption during the second
wave as a large number of migrant workers have left the urban areas. The situation has not
been grave as of 2020 for this sector.
Fiscal Deficit:
The Covid-19 pandemic has not affected our fiscal deficit and disinvestment target much. In
this year’s union budget, Finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a fiscal deficit
target of 6.8% for 2021 to 2022. India’s fiscal deficit for 2020-21 zoomed to 9.5% of GDP as
against 3.5% projected earlier. 

51) Do we lack quality consciousness?

The best example of quality consciousness we get to see in our daily life is the scene in a
vegetable market. There we can see people fetching and arguing with vendors for good
quality in least possible price.
Indians are not having less quality consciousness. India is a fastest developing country in the
world. In India, there 3 kinds of people living they are.

1. RICH PEOPLE-wants to buy quality products.

2. MIDDLE CLASS-wants to buy a product which depends on their income status.

3. POOR CLASS-always wants to buy more number of products by using low amount of
pelf.
 In India most of the population comes under middle class and poor class families whose
income is not much. Most of them cannot even arrange meals twice a day. It is not because of
their lack of knowledge or understanding about quality but it is due to their low income that
they cannot afford best quality products. It is because of their income that they have to
compromise with the quality of product.
SO MONEY WILL DECIDE THE PEOPLE QUALITY CONSCIOUS. Being quality
conscious is not just about buying branded items, but it is about getting best deal in ones
budget. And Indians do it very well ! My point is that our people are neither quality conscious
nor quantity conscious. Depending upon their standard of living, they decide which will
suites their life. They are thinking about their future and spend according to the products they
buy. For example, our people consider quality on health based products and quantity on use
and throw products. The two things that conclude the quality consciousness of Indians are
illiteracy and poverty.
52) Can creativity and discipline go hand in hand?
 Creative work does not always go hand-in-hand with discipline. We define creativity as work
based on inspiration — and inspiration does not follow a specific plan. It may be momentary
and spontaneous. When you stop changing your environment, you kill creativity. One cannot
create if he does not continuously grow as a person. When you are doing something that you
do not enjoy, no amount of self-discipline and planning can make you creative. You can stay
disciplined as far as forcing yourself to sit and stare at the screen. The trick in creative work is
to be working without actually thinking about it as a job. We can’t perform up to our full
potential when surrounded by people we don’t like. It’s just a human factor. Especially when
it is your boss who demands more discipline, better planning, and more significant results
from you. Such people must understand that the creative job done under pressure does not
compare to the creative job done in freedom. As soon as you come to realize that rules are
your ally, you will be able to use them for your benefit. Don’t be afraid of them, and don’t be
scared to break them. Creative process may be messy, but a smart extent of rules will not hurt.
53) Gender Equality

Gender Equality refers to equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities for both women and
men. It implies that the interests, needs and priorities of both women and men are taken into
consideration, recognizing the diversity of different groups of women and men. Worldwide,
women’s fundamental rights continue to be violated, and they face discrimination in access to
education, work, social protection, inheritance, economic assets, productive resources,
participation in decision-making and society. Women spend two to ten times more time on
unpaid work than men, which is one of the main obstacles to economic and political
empowerment.  Many gender disparities emerge in early childhood and intensify in
adolescence. Girls are deprived of access to health care or proper nutrition, leading to a
higher mortality rate. As they move into the age of adolescence, gender disparities widen.
Child marriage affects girls far more than boys. Women’s and girls’ education is a vital
component that helps in Gender Equality. By obtaining proper education, the door to many
new opportunities will open up for women. They get skilled and can easily find employment.
Employment will empower them and give them financial independence, alternative sources
of social identity, and exposure to power structures independent of kin networks. Another
crucial step towards Gender Equality is eliminating all forms of violence against women and
girls in public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of
exploitation. Apart from it, it is essential to eliminate all harmful practices by society, such as
abortion of girl child, early and forced marriage, dowry system etc. It is also true that we can
only succeed through the participation of both women and men.

Therefore it is important to engage more men in standing for gender equality for this is the
way to bring about change. 

54) Environmental Issues

Our environment is constantly changing, and as our environment changes so does the need to
become increasingly aware of the environmental issues that are causing these changes. With a
massive increase in natural disasters, warming and cooling periods, and different types of
weather patterns, people need to be a lot more cautious with the way they lead their lives in
conjunction with the types of environmental issues our planet is facing. Environmental issues
are the harmful effects of human activities on the environment. These include pollution, over-
population, waste disposal, climate change, global warming, greenhouse effect, etc. 
Various environment protection programs are being practised at the individual, organizational
and government levels with the aim of establishing a balance between man and environment.
problems
Climate change is a great concern in today’s scenario. The burning of fossil fuels, emissions
from the automobiles and chlorofluorocarbons add to the greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere. The ozone layer is a layer of concentrated ozone gas. The introduction of
harmful substances into rivers, oceans, lakes and ponds, which changes the physical,
chemical or biological condition of the water is called water pollution. Air pollution is the
result of emissions from the industries, automobiles, and increasing use of fossil
fuels. Deforestation is the depletion of trees and forests at an alarming rate. The earth’s
population is increasing drastically.

Solutions to Environmental Issues

Following are some of the most common solutions to the environmental issue:

1. Replace disposal items with reusable items.

2. The use of paper should be avoided.
3. Conserve water and electricity.
 4. Support environmental friendly practices.
5. Recycle the waste to conserve natural resources.

55) Agri Businesses

 Agribusiness is a combination of the words "agriculture" and "business" and refers to

any business related to farming and farming-related commercial activities.
 Agribusiness involves all the steps required to send an agricultural good to market,
namely production, processing, and distribution.
 Companies in the agribusiness industry encompass all aspects of food production.
 Climate change has placed intensifying pressure on many companies in the
agribusiness industry to successfully adapt to the large-scale shifts in weather
patterns.
Changes in consumer taste alter what products are grown and raised. The use of new
technology is vital to remain competitive in the global agribusiness sector. Farmers need to
reduce crop costs and increase yield per square acre to remain competitive. The use of new
technology is vital to remain competitive in the global agribusiness sector. Farmers need to
reduce crop costs and increase yield per square acre to remain competitive.
56) Technology in business
Technology in business is a growing necessity. As the years go by, the business world is
leaning more and more toward it, making it almost impossible to separate the two from each
other. The role of technology in business caused a tremendous growth in trade and
commerce. Business concepts and models were revolutionized as a result of the introduction
of technology. This is because technology gave a new and better approach on how to go
about with business. It provided a faster, more convenient, and more efficient way of
performing business transactions. Business involves communication, transportation, and
more fields, making it a complex web of processes. TTechnology in business made it possible
to have a wider reach in the global market. The basic example is the Internet, which is now a
common marketing tool to attract more consumers in availing products and services offered
by various businesses.he technologies pertaining to other fields only pushed business further.
Globalization has been realized because of the wonders of technology. Anyone can now do
business anywhere within being constricted to the four corners of his room.
57) Is online work the way of the future?

 Not really according to meThe line between work and home will be blurred. In general,
employees leave work tensions at office and come home to relax. But this opportunity will be
lost and it may cause anxiety. If work and personal life are not balanced well, work will
extend to longer hours. This can create WFH burnout.
 Employees have to set up a work environment at home, which will incur extra expense. Even
then, some people may not focus on work due to the lack of a professional atmosphere.
 Some companies are giving so much work just because their employees are working from
home.
 Teamwork is a bit difficult while working from home.
 Working from home from a long periods of time can hamper social and interpersonal skills.
 Continuously staying at home may make some people feel isolated.
 For some people, setting up office space at home may not be an option due to lack of extra
space in the home.
 Some jobs may require employees to be online during work hours and the continuous power
supply may not be available to many.
 It can be difficult to establish connections with new colleagues because the opportunity to
meet and talk with them during coffee breaks will be lost.

58) Role of startups in economic prosperity

 When it comes to startups, a general perception is that it needs to be in a developed country
where all the resources are available. In truth, that misses the point: startups can begin
anywhere, and it's often the countries with the greatest needs that present the biggest
opportunities. Startups are the centers of innovation;
 Startups create jobs which means more employment, and more employment means an
improved economy;
 Startups have a direct-impact on the cities that they make their homes. Look at how Infosys
has changed Bangalore, Alibaba impacted Hangzhou, Microsoft changed Redmond and
Google transformed Mountain View, California. They improved employment patterns
providing job opportunities to both experienced and young professionals. This led to surge in
inflow of graduates and relocation of experienced professionals from different cities;
 The “dynamism gap” between the large cities and the rest of the country narrows down due to
startups;
 Startups boost the economy with revolutionary technology and create new industries over
time. When these startups go public, they truly become money-making engines for not just
the owners but also for the employees and shareholders;
 Startups also contribute in changing the image of the country.
59) Self-Reliant India
In May 2020, Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi launched the Self-reliant India
(Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan) mission to promote Indian goods in the global supply chain
markets and help the country achieve self-reliance. The mission was announced amid the
pandemic when the government allocated funds worth Rs. 20 lakh crore (US$ 268.74 billion),
which amounts to ~10% of India’s GDP, as a stimulus package to help recover the economy
by promoting incentives for domestic production. It encompasses themes such as ‘Local for
Global: Make in India for the World’ and ‘Vocal for Local’.

The key objectives of the ‘Self-reliant India’ (Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan) mission are as
follows:

 Develop India into a global supply chain hub.

 Build the government's trust in the private sector capabilities and prospects.

 Establish 'good force multipliers' for Indian manufacturers.

 Enter the global markets to export goods including agriculture, textiles, clothing and
jewellery.

 Determine adequacy of each sector (e.g., defence, agriculture, healthcare, infrastructure, etc.),
with the help of FY22 budget, to achieve self-reliance.

60)
Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances,
including alcohol and illicit drugs. The use of psychoactive substances causes significant
health and social problems for the people who use them, and also for others in their families
and communities. Substances of abuse include alcohol, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines,
hallucinogens, prescription and over-the-counter drug abuse. Psychoactive substance use
 poses a significant threat to the health, social and economic aspects of families, communities
and nations.  Globally, the prevalence of alcohol use disorders is significantly higher than the
prevalence of drug use disorders. Generally, alcohol and drug use disorders are more
common among males than among females. Health and social problems associated with use
of and dependence on tobacco, alcohol and illicit substances can be prevented by greater
awareness by individuals, families and societies to use appropriate public health actions.
61) Malnourishment and Hunger

Everyone feels hungry at times. Hunger is the body's signal that it needs food. Once we've
eaten enough food to satisfy our bodies' needs, hunger goes away until our stomachs are
empty again.

Malnutrition is not the same thing as hunger, although they often go together. People who are
chronically malnourished lack the nutrients needed for proper health and development.
Someone can be malnourished for a long or short period of time, and the condition may be
mild or severe. People who are malnourished are more likely to get sick and, in severe cases,
might even die.

Chronic hunger and malnutrition can cause significant health problems. People who go
hungry all the time are likely to be underweight, weighing significantly less than an average
person of their size. If malnourished as a child, their growth may also be stunted, making
them much shorter than average. Some diseases and conditions prevent people from digesting
or absorbing their food properly. For example:

o Someone with celiac disease has intestinal problems that are triggered by a protein called
gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, and barley.
o Kids with cystic fibrosis have trouble absorbing nutrients because the disease affects the
pancreas, an organ that normally produces enzymes necessary for digestion.

The signs and symptoms of malnutrition depend on which nutritional deficiencies a person
has, although they can include:

o fatigue (tiredness) and low energy

o dizziness
o poor immune function (which can harm the body's ability to fight off infections)
o dry, scaly skin

62) Responsible Consumption

Achieving economic growth and sustainable development requires that we urgently

reduce our ecological footprint by changing the way we produce and consume goods and
resources. Agriculture is the biggest user of water worldwide, and irrigation now claims
close to 70 percent of all freshwater for human use.

The efficient management of our shared natural resources, and the way we dispose of
toxic waste and pollutants, are important targets to achieve this goal. Encouraging
industries, businesses and consumers to recycle and reduce waste is equally important, as
is supporting developing countries to move towards more sustainable patterns of
consumption by 2030.
 A large share of the world population is still consuming far too little to meet even their
basic needs.  Halving the per capita of global food waste at the retailer and consumer
levels is also important for creating more efficient production and supply chains. This can
help with food security, and shift us towards a more resource efficient economy.

63) The Plastic Menace

 Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic on earth which is negatively impacting the

environment and living beings. Plastic is non-biodegradable and takes approx 500 to 1000
years to completely degrade.
 We are inhaling and literally eating plastic . A lot of plastic wastage is dividing into
smaller particles and are mixing in air and inland. And hence we are inhaling the
plastic particles and eating the plants that absorbed plastic from the land.
 There is no proper awareness among the public about the ill-effects of plastic usage.
 Though there are bans on plastic bags, the alternatives are not encouraged enough.
 Most of the plastic waste is mixing in oceans, posing severe problems for marine life.
A lot of ocean animals are dying by eating plastic waste. Fishes are eating polystyrene
(small plastic particles). When we eat these ocean fishes, we are indirectly eating
plastic.
 Plastic waste is polluting land and groundwater as well. Plants are absorbing small
plastic particles. Plastic waste is preventing rainwater from seeping into the ground.
These products clog drains as well. Bangladesh witnessed worse floods due to plastic
waste and hence imposed ban on plastic.
 Many animals are dying by eating plastic covers.
 These days everything including food is wrapped in plastic. When these products are
exposed to heat, it releases dangerous chemicals such as BPA (bisphenol-a) into food.
The same goes for plastic bottles as well. This causes severe health problems when
consumed.
 Polyvinyl chloride & polycarbonates that are present in plastic waste causes skin
diseases, cancers etc.
 Plastic waste should be effectively recycled by constructing roads and houses etc.
with plastic waste.
 We should target the production stage. Supply of plastic items is too high.
Manufacturers should be made liable for the waste.
 Imposing responsibility and heavy fines to manufacturers will force them to look
for alternatives to pack their goods, for example, some soaps are now being packed in
paper materials instead of plastic.

64) Is India ready for electric vehicles?

No, India is not ready for electric vehicles

 The major issue faced is the lack of infrastructure for electric vehicles. India does not have
a well-structured setup for charging stations, thus limiting the journeys.
 Power theft in India is very common and it costs more than $16 billion a year. If such
great revenue is lost to power theft, the development will be hindered.
 
 As the total system will be supported by electricity, power cuts will have adverse effects.
Even developed cities in India face power cuts today, let alone villages and other areas.
 The maximum speed offered by an electric car is much less than a fuel-driven car.

CONCLUSION
To bring electrification into action, subsidies play an important role. India witnesses a
successful application of electric vehicles in its public transport system, that needs to
enhance. Introduction of electric cars or personal electric vehicles may take time as they
require a supportive infrastructure with convenient charging stations. As said by the Union
Minister, India can bring maximum electric vehicles on road by 2030.

65)-14)

66) Mahatma Gandhi's relevance in today's times

Gandhian philosophy and teachings are his social ideas which he adopted were developed first

in South Africa from 1893 to 1914 and then in India.

Gandhi Ji believed in truth and non-violence (Ahimsa). The word ahimsa by Gandhi Ji was
used to bring out the meaning of active love. He believed that this was the most powerful
principle for universal justice. According to him, human-beings could solve conflicts
peacefully.  Gandhiji laid great emphasis upon cleanliness or Swacchta, as he used to say-
‘Swacchta Hin Seva’.

o The recent Swacchta Bharat Abhiyaan, the biggest cleanliness drive of India, is to fulfill
the dream of Bapu by making India clean.
Gandhiji held that “Earth has enough for Human needs, But not for Human greed’s”.

o These lines of Mahatma Gandhi reflect upon how human behaviour destroys nature
and how a sustainable way of living is the need of the hour.

Today, the path and means used by Mahatma Gandhi have become relevant not only in India

but also beyond the boundaries of India, to other countries wherever people have been

suppressed or injustice has been institutionalized.

67) Merits and Demerits of Online Teaching

In the physical classrooms, there is a time limitation but this online education is not bound to

time. The lecture can be provided anytime and can be attended from anywhere. Online

education provides a balance between studies and family. 

As we know, there is a concept of micro-teaching in which with the help of a teacher, the

scope of improvement of teaching is introduced. With online education, all delivered lectures

can be recorded and the students can ask the teacher to watch it again or to improvise.

The online learning system has reduced the cost that is incurred on education. It is far more

affordable and economical than the physical mode of teaching. 

The online mode of education will give the students the scope to hone their technical skills.

These may include using online platforms, new software, performing in-depth research

online, communicate effectively via online mediums, etc. These skills will amp up the

students' resumes by adding the skills needed for jobs. 

Demerits

No Focus on Students: It has been observed that even in a physical classroom it is difficult

to have full focus on all the students present in the class. Moreover, in the virtual classroom

teacher can only watch a maximum of six to seven students at a time.

Another challenge in the online mode of education can be lack of understanding and usage of

an online platform.

Health Concerns: The screen time has inevitably increased due to the shift in the online

mode of education. 

68)
1. Using public transports
Using public transport is a sure short way of contributing to less air pollution as it
provides with less gas and energy, even carpools contribute to it. In addition to less
release of fuels and gas, using a public transport can also help in saving money.
2. Turn off the lights when not in use
The energy that the lights take also contribute to air pollution, thus less consumption of
electricity can save energy. Use energy saving fluorescent lights to help the environment.

3. Recycle and Reuse

The concept of recycle and reuse is not just conserve resources and use them judicially
but also is helpful for air pollution as it helps in reducing pollution emissions. The
recycled products also take less power to make other products.

4. No to plastic bags
The use of plastic products could be very harmful to the environment as they take a very
long time to decompose, due to their material made up of oil. 

5. Reduction of forest fires and smoking

The collecting of garbage and getting it on fire in dry seasons or dry leaves catching fires
is a huge factor for causing air pollution, moreover smoking also causes air pollution and
causes the air quality to worsen along with obviously damaging one’s health.
7. Use filters for chimneys
The gas that is emitted from fireplaces in homes and factories are extremely dangerous
for air pollution and harms the air quality severely. 

8. Avoid usage of crackers

The use of crackers during festivals and weddings is sadly one of the biggest
contributors to air pollution, leading to a layer of smog which is extremely harmful for
health.

10. Implement Afforestation

Last but not the least, plant and grow as many trees as possible. The practice of planting
trees provides a lot of benefits to the environment and helps with the release of oxygen.

69) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member
States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet,
now and into the future. At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
which are an urgent call for action by all countries - developed and developing - in a global
partnership. Almost all of the other 16 goals are related to health or their achievement will
contribute to health indirectly. The SDGs aim to be relevant to all countries – poor, rich and
middle-income – to promote prosperity while protecting the environment and tackling
climate change. They have a strong focus on improving equity to meet the needs of women,
children and disadvantaged populations in particular so that “no one is left behind”.They
recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies
that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while
tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.
70) Ends always justify the means

There have been many debates about the definite answer to this popular idiom. Even today,
there are still those in support and against doing whatever it takes to reach a goal.  A person’s
perspective on this matter depends upon many things, such as their life situation, their
culture, and their beliefs. Different people define what “right outcomes” are, depending on
their morals and what synonyms they associate with the word. Some may argue that each
person defines good and evil differently. However, such relativity can lead to a chaotic
state in society and a lack of morality among its members. Throughout the years,
humankind has developed a set of fundamental moral norms and rules that regulate
the relationships between people. In conclusion, I would like to mention that, in my
opinion, there is not and cannot be a definite answer to the question of whether the statement
“The end justifies the means” is correct. I believe it is true only if the actions taken to achieve
the goals do not violate the personal freedom of others.

71) National Education Policy (NEP) 2020

This new policy has the aim of universalizing education from pre-school to secondary level. It
plans to do that with a 100% GRE (Gross Enrollment Ratio) in schooling. The plan is to achieve
it by 2030. It aims to introduce a four-year multidisciplinary undergraduate program with
various exit options. Thus, this new policy will strive to make the country of India a global
knowledge superpower. Similarly, it also aims to make all universities and colleges multi-
disciplinary by the year 2040. Finally, the policy aims to grow employment in India and also
bring fundamental changes to the present educational system.

Advantages:

 The policy gives an advantage to students of classes 10 and 12 by making the board
exams easier. In other words, it plans to test the core competencies instead of mere
memorization of facts.
 It will allow all the students to take the exam twice. Further, it proposes that an
independent authority will be responsible for regulating both public and private schools.
Similarly, the policy aims to diminish any severe separation between the educational
streams and vocational streams in the schools.

Disadvantages:

Finally, there is also the drawback of the exodus of teachers. In other words, admission to foreign
universities will ultimately result in our skilled teachers migrating to those universities.

72) Relevance of the concept of non-violence today

 Before discussing the applicability of non-violence in present times let’s discuss: Was
it successful in the past?
 Gandhiji organized the first Satyagraha in 1906 in South Africa. It was an 8-
year long struggle. Though through Satyagraha, Gandhiji and his followers
 were able to win some rights but it failed to bring an end to all oppressive laws
and cultural norms against Indians and people of other races.
 It failed to bring Swaraj within a year as promised by Gandhiji, in spite of the
untiring labour by the common people and an expenditure of more than a crore
rupees. (At that time 1 rupee was equivalent to approximately Rs 300 of now).
 It failed to win the Bardoli peasants what was promised to them by the leaders
of Satyagraha (Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi).
 Giving Indian independence credit to Satyagraha would be wrong. Had World
War II not happened, India would have remained a British colony beyond
1947.
 The result of Satyagraha was: Failure. And it always won us compromises,
which was misunderstood by a victory. To win total independence,
compromises are never the stepping stones.
 Though not a fan of Winston Churchill for the atrocities on Indians he was
responsible for, but he rightly said: “You cannot reason with a tiger when your head is
in it’s mouth.”
 Bhagat Singh was also of the view that “There can be no just negotiations between the
powerful and the weak.”
 Non-violence is never a solution to the terrorists coming from POK to Kashmir or
operating from POK itself, ceasefire violations by Pakistan and militants trained and
supported by China in the northeast. They are our enemies. We are by no means to
obliged to win their hearts and should speak with them the language they choose. The
Indian Defence Forces should establish such massive fear among the foreign terrorists
that they should tremble with fear even by the thought of harming Indians.

73) Importance of Sports in schools

Sports have been viewed as a way to stay healthy and fit. But sports’ importance goes much
further. Sports help in the overall development of students. Playing sports teaches lessons of
life, such as teamwork, accountability, self-confidence, responsibility, and self-discipline.
Sports in school help prepare students to face the challenges of life. They enhance physical
and mental abilities of students and help them achieve the goals of their life. One can realize
the importance of sports by the various national and international sporting events
organized all over the world, where sportspersons represent their own countries. The training
of the students starts right from the school level. Sports help develop values of mutual trust
and cooperation. By indulging in sports, you can get the best exercises, which help maintain
youroverall fitness. Sports not only contribute to physical health but also enhance social and
personality development. They helpin enhancing leadership skills and in improving capacity
for goal setting and character building. A student, who is active in sports, will naturally have
greater self-esteem, improved social interaction, and a more positive outlook on life. The
main contribution of sports to nation building is by fostering feelings of unity and national
pride. Students learn to be mutually loving and peaceful citizens.

74)
 Youth have always been in politics especially at the time of reform movements. Most of these
young people are in informal politics rather than formal politics. Ex – Social movements,
Pressure groups etc. Importance of youth in Politics:-

 Fresh and innovative ideas.

 Comparatively young people have fewer responsibilities and more zeal towards the
betterment of society.
 Youth tends to more enthusiastic, energetic and flexible.
 India is one of the youngest democracies having 65% of its population below the 35 years.
But the percentage of the young MPs is just 13% in the parliament, which is a drawback to
the representativeness of the democracy.
 Policies affecting youth can be framed by young people themselves rather than old
politicians, who most probably cannot feel the contemporary problems young people are
facing.
 By making politics accessible to youth, the negative perceptions of politics can be slowly
erased in the minds of young people.

Negative side:-

 hey lack experience. Experience teaches tolerance and the ability to have realistic visions.
 Young people can easily be manipulated and can be used as mere puppets in the hands of
older politicians. 
 At present, Politics are not accessible to the common young people.
 Most of the young politicians of the present generation are from political
families.
 Economic constraints. Being active in politics doesn’t ensure a regular paycheck.
 Even if one choose politics as a career, she/he has to wait for a really long time to get
public support.
 Lack of political institutions.

75) Views on Bitcoin/Cryptocurrency

A crypto currency is a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography to secure,

create and control its transactions. Unlike traditional currencies, which are issued by
central banks, crypto currency has no central monetary authority. Bitcoin is the first
crypto currency which came to public notice in 2009. Following this a number of
other crypto currencies, such as Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, Cardano etc. exist in the
market. Crypto currency can be exchanged for other currencies, products, and
services. In recent months, Economists, Central Bankers and Monetary Experts have
expressed their reservations on the future of this currency. Investors and Enthusiasts
of this currency are however bullish.

Advantages:
 As a decentralized currency, Crypto currency cannot be manipulated by governments
and central authorities of any country. Also because of its decentralized nature it is
inflation averse.
 Unlike bank transactions, Crypto transactions are completely anonymous. A person
can only know the addresses of crypto on which the payment has been sent and
received. But to whom these addresses belong cannot be identified.  This anonymity
feature offers security against fraud and identity theft.
Disadvantages
 A highly volatile nature, huge price change over a short period, of crypto poses a
serious question to consider it as a future currency.
 With government of different countries having different attitudes towards considering
crypto currency as a legal tender, people unaware of its mechanism consider it to be a
risky investment.
 The anonymous nature of crypto transaction attracts its usage for illegal and illicit
activities such as tax evasion, weapons procurement, gambling etc.