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ENTERTAINMENT PREFERENCE OF YOUTH

IN SELECTED AREAS OF CAVITE1/

INTRODUCTION

With the passage and approval of Republic Act 8044 or the "Youth in Nation-

Building Act" in 1995, the National Youth Commission (NYC) was created to serve as

the sole policy-making and coordinating body of all youth programs and government

projects. This act mandates the NYC to undertake "a national study on the situation of

youth in the Philippines" identifying (a) priority needs, (b) prevailing attitudes and

values, (c) existing services and (d) gaps in the service delivery of the basic needs of the

youth. A second mandate is for the NYC to conduct a "national review, evaluation and

reform of all organizations delivering services to the youth” (NYC, 1999).

Compared to the American youth, the Filipino youth are more confident and

satisfied with their life. They get along better with their parents and neighbors. Although

they get together with friends less frequently, they are as satisfied with these relationships

as the Americans are. They are more contented with their educational experiences, their

standard of living, their jobs, and their life in general. Filipino youth, however, get less

exercise and are less exposed to television and movies. Furthermore, they read books,

magazines or newspapers less regularly than the American youth do (Mangahas, 2000).

The Social Weather Stations' survey of the youth in April 1996 found out that the

youth, nine in ten, like the average adults are generally happy. There are more smokers

among the average Filipino adults than the youth. There are also more of the adults

drinking than the youth. In both cases, there are very much more males than females
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doing both. The Filipino youth are not joiners. One in eight claim to be active members

of sports or recreational organizations, and in church or religious organizations; a tenth in

youth organizations. The youth are highly exposed to radio, with three-fourths listening

to it almost everyday. A little over half watch TV, and very much more among the

American youth who do so almost everyday.

Fewer Filipino youth, a third, read books, magazines or newspapers almost

everyday compared to the American youth, about four in nine. The proportions are

similar with regard to the Filipino youth getting together with their friends almost

everyday, compared to the American youth. However, only one in 20 of the Filipino

youth participate in sports, do athletic work or exercise daily, as compared to four in nine

among the American youth (Social Weather Station, 1996).

Statement of the Problem

This study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the socio-economic characteristics of youth in selected areas of

Cavite?

2. What are the major activities of youth in selected areas of Cavite?

3. What are the factors affecting the choice of youth of entertainment activity?

4. What is the level of preference of youth on various entertainment activities?

5. What is the level of expenditure of youth on various entertainment activities?

and

6. Is there a relationship between the selected socio-economic characteristics of

youth and their entertainment expenditures?

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Objectives of the Study

Generally, this study was conducted to determine the entertainment preference of

youth in selected areas of Cavite.

Specifically, this study aimed to:

1. describe the socio-economic characteristics of youth in selected areas of

Cavite;

2. describe the major activities of youth in selected areas of Cavite;

3. determine the factors affecting the choice of youth of entertainment activity;

4. determine the level of preference of youth on entertainment activities;

5. determine the level of expenditure of youth on various entertainment

activities; and

6. ascertain the relationship between the selected socio-economic characteristics

of youth and their entertainment expenditures

Importance of the Study

The study may provide information regarding the factors associated with youth

preference for entertainment. This could serve as a baseline study in understanding the

entertainment activities of Filipino youth. This may also provide owners of entertainment

and recreational establishments with valuable information on youth’s entertainment

preference which may help them in managerial planning and product/service

development. Lastly, students and researchers may use this study as reference in the

conduct of similar studies in the future.

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Operational Definition of Terms

Entertainment preference. A non-price determinant of demand for youth

entertainment that depends on how the activity satisfies the youth’s desires. In this, study

the entertainment preference includes listening to radio, watch TV, read books,

magazines or newspapers, get together with friends, watch movies, exercise almost daily,

engaged in sports, computer, video and online games, drinking, text messaging,

cockfight, singing at videoke bars, and shopping.

Expenditure. The cash spent by the youth for entertainment in a month.

Frequency of purchase The number of times the youth engaged in entertaining

activities. This was classified as: often, occasionally, and seldom.

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Gross family income The total income received by the respondent and his/her

family every month.

.Socio-economic characteristics The respondents’ age, gender, civil status,

educational attainment, degree course, weekly school allowance, family size, and

monthly income.

Youth. The person whose age ranges from 15 to 30 years old and are residents of

Alfonso, Indang, Naic, Tanza, and Trece Martires City.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The Social Weather Stations' survey of the youth in April 1996 revealed that

Filipino youth feel very proud to be Filipinos and are willing to defend the country in

case of war. To them, marriage and family, education, work, religion, friends, society and

money are important, but not much importance is given to recreation, hobbies and

politics. They are also very religious and perform religious activities like praying and

attending religious services regularly, although they are only moderately involved in

religious organizations. They are generally satisfied with government's performance,

especially on areas of their own needs. They consider Jose Rizal, the Philippine national
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hero, as the male role model and mothers as the female role model for them. A few,

however, want to change their present gender.

The youth of today are more sociable. A recent survey commissioned by McCann

Erickson Philippines (2002) about the Filipino youth reveals very interesting results.

Among other things, the study concludes that the youth in an environment that is

extremely different from that of the previous generation. This environment has enabled

them to be more sociable and interactive, even evidenced by the findings that majority

considers the school as a venue to socialize, not mainly to listen to teachers. Disparities in

income levels do not prevent those from the lower strata to find ways to access the

information otherwise available to the rich ones. But in this highly-interactive world, the

youth considers that money is still the biggest single factor that has a bearing on the level

of satisfaction they would have on their lives.

McCann-Erickson partnered with GMA-7 for this study and commissioned the

services of Trends-MBL in doing the market research. Actual survey took place in mid-

November to early December 2000. Unlike the previous McCann Youth Study of 1992

which was conducted only in Metro Manila, this was a nationwide survey, covering

urban areas in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. A statistically projectible sample of 900

respondents aged 13 to 21 years old from class ABCD homes were interviewed for the

study. All were chosen randomly using multi-stage probability sampling methods by

(McCann Erickson Philippines, 2002).

The questionnaire used was similar to that of the 1992 McCann Youth Study and

attempted to cover broad topics such as values, morals, attitudes, and practices.
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Philippine Business, however, highlights the technology bias and spending patterns of

this totally important market that is the youth (McCann Erickson Philippines, 2002).

The youth of today live in an environment that is very different from the one the

previous generation experienced. In the past 10 years, infrastructure has developed so

rapidly, giving the youth today access to activities the previous generation could only

envy (or even fathom). About a decade ago, for instance, SM North Edsa was the only

major mall. Now, malls are everywhere, in various key cities around the country

(Philippine Business Magazine, 2005).

Telephones are also more accessible now. While land line penetration rates are

not yet at saturation levels (23% of homes nationwide; 64% in Metro Manila), ownership

of telephones has jumped significantly since the liberalization of the telecommunications

industry during the Ramos administration. Cellular phones were also virtually unheard of

among the previous generation (Philippine Business Magazine, 2005).

Computer games, the internet, and the proliferation of mass media are also

making a profound impact on the lifestyle and psyche of today’s youth. Today’s

generation are even more social and connectivity-driven than those who came before

them. With the kind of physical and social environment they now live in, they feel a

much stronger need to be stimulated by the world around them (McCann Erickson

Philippines, 2002).

This is evident in the kinds of activities that they do during their free time. While

traditional activities like watching TV (88% of respondents), listening to the radio (73%),

reading books (50%), and doing household chores (40%) are still the most prevalent, it is

also noteworthy that using technology toys and gadgets such as cell phones (12%) and
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the internet to connect with other people and the outside world (37%) are already starting

to encroach on the youth’s lifestyle (McCann Erickson Philippines, 2002).

Also, there are indications that even the youth’s slew of ‘traditional’ activities is

becoming more skewed towards social interaction and connectivity. In Metro Manila,

activities like eating out (58% in 2000 vs. 38% in 1992), playing billiards (29% vs. 12%),

going to the mall (14% vs. 7%), talking on the phone (31% vs. 15%), and going to a

friend’s house (36% vs. 21%) are more popular now than in 1992.

Post-school activities that involve interaction or socializing with others and the outside

world are much more popular among this generation of youth (SWS, 1998).

Technology usage today is not anymore only for the affluent.

Access to the virtual / digital world is now within reach for many – even those from class

CD homes. Only 13% and 1% of the class C and D markets, respectively, have computers

that are hooked up to the internet at home (vs. 62% for Class AB). Still, this does not stop

them from accessing the virtual world. Internet cafes have enabled them to make contact

with cyber-space for only a few pesos every hour. This is especially true for youth in the

Visayas where internet cafes can be seen in almost every major district (SWS, 1998).

This study also substantiated the incidence of texting going on among the youth.

Even for the class CDs and those outside Metro Manila, levels are directionally higher

than traditional chatting via the landline (SWS, 1998).

The increased emphasis that today’s youth place on connectivity and social

interaction has impacted on their attitudes towards school (Mangahas and Sandoval,

2000).
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The youth generally enjoy going to school. About three-fourths would say that

they like school “very much.” However, what they really like most in school are not so

much the teacher’s lectures (23%). Instead, they go to school mainly to take part in

activities that involve interaction with their friends and classmates (33%) such as doing

group projects, joining sports activities and so on (Mangahas and Sandoval, 2000).

In fact, students in Metro Manila are not studying as much as before. The

proportion who said they study after school has dropped (42% in 2000 vs. 55% in 1992)

and so has the amount of time that they spend doing so (119 minutes in 2000 vs. 132

minutes in 1992). Incidence of accomplishing schoolwork has also declined significantly.

There are just more things — the mall, fast food chains, text messaging, internet cafes,

cable TV — competing for the attention of the youth today. Clearly, the youth may no

longer respond well to traditional methods of learning. This implies that new teaching

approaches are necessary (Mangahas and Sandoval, 2000).

Money remains to be an important item for the youth. When asked what the most

pressing problem of the country is, financial-related issues are the ones that surfaced first

and foremost. Those from class AB homes are generally more satisfied with their way of

life than those in the lower class. But the difference is not so great considering disparity

in income — indicating that the lower classes have learned to cope somehow (Mangahas

and Sandoval, 2000).

For the lower classes, overall satisfaction with their way of life is being pulled

down by their lower perception of their standard of living, health, and living conditions.

Even their family life is not deemed as vibrant as that of the upper class.
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Despite gaps between the different income groups on overall satisfaction with

way of life, there is an important point of convergence. The youth in general are equally

satisfied with their school life. For the lower classes, their school life is a very significant

source of emotional well-being. While they are not as happy with their standard of living,

family life, health, and physical surroundings, school provides them a venue to interact

with friends and classmates. School also represents their hope for a brighter future

through education, making it a ‘psychological equalizer (Mangahas and Sandoval, 2000).

The youth want to land good jobs. Many want to be professionals — engineers,

lawyers, CPAs (23%) or teachers (17%). Some also want to be part of the healthcare

industry — doctor, nurse, physical therapist (11%). A good number would also like to

join the police force, become entrepreneurs or seamen. It is noteworthy that technology-

related professions are already being considered by a good number of the youth. About

6% say they plan to join the I.T. industry as computer engineers, programmers, or

systems analysts (Philippine Business Magazine, 2005).

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In this study, entertainment expenditures of youth is assumed to be associated

with the selected socio-economic characteristics of the respondents such as: age, sex,

household size and monthly school allowance/monthly income. (Figure 1)

Age was assumed to affect the entertainment expenditures of the respondents. It is

expected that older youth have higher entertainment expense than younger youth. Also,

male youth had generally higher expenditures than female youth since their entertainment

activities were more costly such as gambling, drinking and online gaming than female.

Household size is assumed to be associated with entertainment expenditures of

youth. It is more likely that the youth belonging to bigger household size spend less on

entertainment than youth with small household size due to limited budget.

The monthly school allowance/monthly income of the respondents is said to have

significant relation to entertainment expenditures of youth. Respondents with high

monthly school allowance or monthly income are more likely to spend more in

entertainment than respondents with lower monthly school allowance or monthly income.
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INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESPONDENTS

Age
Sex ENTERTAINMENT
EXPENDITURES OF YOUTH
Household size and

Monthly school allowance/

Monthly income

Figure 1. A paradigm showing the relationship between the socio-economic

characteristics and the entertainment expenditures of youth
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METHODOLOGY

Time and Place of Study

The study was conducted from January to February 2006 in five selected towns of

Cavite, namely: Alfonso, Indang, Naic, Tanza, and Trece Martires City. These towns

were selected through fish bowl technique.

Sampling Technique

The number of respondents from each area was determined using quota sampling

technique. One hundred youth-respondents served as the sources of information in the

study. The respondents were selected through accidental sampling (Table 1).

Table 1. Distribution of respondents by towns of Cavite, 2005

TOWN FREQUENCY PERCENT

(n = 100)

Alfonso 20 20

Indang 20 20

Naic 20 20

Tanza 20 20

Trece Martires City 20 20

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Collection of Data

Prior to collection of data, permit to conduct the study was secured from the

mayors of the selected municipalities. The respondents of the study were youth from

selected towns of Cavite. Data were collected through personal interviews with the

respondents using the prepared interview schedule (Appendix A).

The data that were collected include the socio-economic characteristics of youth

in selected areas of Cavite, the major activities of youth in selected areas of Cavite, the

factors affecting the choice of youth of entertainment activity, the level of preference of

youth on entertainment activities, and the level of expenditure of youth on entertainment

activities.

Methods of Analysis

Frequency count, mean, range, percentage and ranking were used in presenting

and analyzing the socio-economic characteristics of youth in selected areas of Cavite, the

major activities of youth in selected areas of Cavite, the factors affecting the choice of

youth of entertainment activity, the level of preference of youth on entertainment

activities, and the level of expenditure of youth on entertainment activities.

Chi-square test was used to determine if there is a significant relationship between

the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their entertainment

expenditures.

The formula for chi-square is: (Weiss and Hasset, 1996)

2
(o i − e i )
∑ ei
X2 =
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where:

X2 = chi-square coefficient

 = summation

oi= observed frequencies

ei= expected frequencies

Hypothesis

It was hypothesized that there is no significant relationship between the

entertainment expenditure of the respondents and the selected socio-economic

characteristics.

Level of Significance

Five percent (5%) level of significance was used to test the hypothesis.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study was conducted from January to February 2006 utilizing 100 youth-

respondents from five selected areas of Cavite. Data focused mainly on the socio-

economics characteristics of youth in selected areas of Cavite, the activities of youth in

selected areas of Cavite, the factors affecting the choice of youth of entertainment

activity, the level of preference of youth on entertainment activities, and the level of

expenditures of youth on entertainment activities.

The findings of the study were limited to what the respondents provided during

the interview. The entertainment preference and expenditures of youth were concerned

with their activities in 2005.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Socio-economic Characteristics of Youth in Selected Areas of Cavite

The socio-economic characteristics of the respondents include age, sex, civil

status, education, household size, religion, number of children, number of brothers,

number of sisters, number of family members studying, number of employed family

members, weekly school allowance, monthly income of full time working youth,

occupation of the head of the family, and estimated monthly income of the head of the

family (Table 2).

Age. The ages of the respondents ranged from 15 to 29 with an average of 20

years. Forty-nine percent of the respondents had ages of 15 to 19 years, 43 percent

belonged to 20 to 24 years bracket, and eight percent had ages of 25 to 29 years. The

result shows that the youth in Cavite had already passed their teenage years.

Sex. Fifty-three percent of the respondents were female and 47 percent were male.

Civil status. Majority of the respondents (95%) were single and five percent were

married.

Education. Forty percent of the respondents reached college level, 30 percent

were college graduates, 13 percent each were high school graduates and reached high

school level, respectively. Only four percent of the respondents completed vocational

education. In general, the youth in Cavite had formal education.

Household size. Less than half of the respondents (48%) had 6 to 8 household

members, 43 percent had 3 to 5 members and only nine percent had 9 to 11 household

members. The household size of the respondents ranged from 3 to 11 with an average of

six. Generally, the youth belonged to a bigger household size.

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Table 2. Socio-economic characteristics of youth in selected areas of Cavite, 2005

CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENCY PERCENT

(n =100)

Age

15 – 19 49 49
20 – 24 43 43
25 – 29 8 8

Range = 15 – 29
Mean= 20

Sex

Male 47 47
Female 53 53

Civil status

Single 95 95
Married 5 5

Education

High school level 13 13

High school graduate 13 13
College level 40 40
College graduate 30 30
Vocational 4 4

Household size

3–5 43 43
6–8 48 48
9 – 11 9 9

Range= 3 –10
Mean=6
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Table 2. continued.

CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENCY PERCENT

(n =100)

Religion

Catholic 91 91
Protestant 1 1
Iglesia ni Cristo 4 4
Born Again 3 3
Adventist 1 1

Number of children (n=6)

1 4 66
3 1 17
6 1 17

Number of brothers
(n=85)
1–2 67 79
3–4 17 20
5–6 1 1

Range = 1 – 5
Mean = 2

Number of sisters
(n=81)
1–2 63 78
3–4 14 17
5–6 4 5

Range = 1 – 5
Mean = 2

Number of family members

studying
(n=87)
1–2 58 67
3–4 25 29
5–6 4 5
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Table 2. continued.

CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENCY PERCENT

(n =100)

Range = 1 – 6
Mean = 2

Number of employed family

members

1–3 78 85
4–6 13 14
7–9 1 1

Range = 1 – 7
Mean = 2

Weekly school allowance (PhP) (n=63)

100 – 733 33 57
734 – 1,367 22 26
1,368 – 2,001 8 17

Range = 100 – 2,000

Mean = 802

Monthly income of full time

working youth (PhP)
(n=23)
3,000 – 7,000 13 57
7,001 – 11,001 6 26
11,002 – 15,002 4 17

Range = 3,000 – 15,000

Mean = 7,435

Occupation of the head of the family

Self-employed 39 39
Seaman/OFW 35 35
Private employee 21 21
Government employee 5 5
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Table 2. continued.

CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENCY PERCENT

(n =100)

Estimated monthly income of the (n=58)

head of the family (PhP)

4,000 – 19,333 34 67
19,334 – 34,667 14 25
34,668 – 50,001 5 8

Range = 4,000 – 50,000

Mean = 17,800

Religion. Majority of the respondents (91%) were Catholic, four percent were

Iglesia ni Cristo, three percent were Born Again followers, and one percent each were

Protestant and Adventist.

Number of children. Six respondents reported that they had children. Of this, 66

percent had one child while one respondent each had three and six children, respectively.

Number of brothers. The number of brothers of 85 respondents ranged from 1 to

5 with an average of two brothers. Majority of the respondents (79%) had 1 to 2 brothers,

20 percent had 3 to 4 and only one percent had 5 to 6 brothers.

Number of sisters. The number of respondents’ sisters ranged from 1 to 5 with

an average of two sisters. Majority of the respondents (78%) had 1 to 2 sisters, 17

percent had 3 to 4 sisters, and the remaining five percent had 5 to 6 sisters.

Number of family members studying. The number of family members studying

ranged from 1 to 6 with an average of two family members studying. Sixty-seven percent
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of the respondents had 1 to 2 family members who are studying, 29 percent had 3 to 4

family members who are studying and five percent had 5 to 6 family members who are

studying.

Number of employed family members. The respondents’ employed family

members ranged from 1 to 7 with an average of two. Majority of the respondents (85%)

had 1 to 3 employed family members, 14 percent had 4 to 6 employed family members,

and only one percent had 7 to 9 employed family members.

Weekly school allowance. The weekly school allowance of 63 student-

respondents ranged from PhP100 to PhP2,000 with an average of PhP799. More than half

of the student-respondents (57%) had weekly school allowance of PhP100 to PhP733; 26

percent had weekly school allowance of PhP734 to PhP1,367, and 17 percent had weekly

school allowance of PhP1,368 to PhP2,001.

Monthly income of full time working youth (PhP). The monthly income of full-

time working youth ranged from PhP3,000 to PhP15,000 with an average of PhP7,435.

More than half of the full-time working youth (57%) had monthly income of PhP3,000 to

PhP7,000, 26 percent had monthly income of PhP7,001 to PhP11,001, and 17 percent had

monthly income of PhP11,002 to PhP15,002.

Occupation of the head of the family. Thirty-nine percent of the respondents’

head of the family were self-employed, 35 percent of the heads of the family were

seaman/OFW, 21 percent of the heads of the family were private employees, and five

percent were government employees.

Estimated monthly income of the head of the family. Fifty-eight respondents

disclosed the income of the heads of their family. Sixty-seven percent of the respondents’
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heads of the family had monthly income of PhP4,000 to PhP19,333 while 25 percent of

the respondents’ heads of the family had monthly income of PhP19,334 to PhP34,667.

Only eight percent of the heads of the family had monthly income of PhP34,668 to

PhP50,001.

Classification of youth. More than half of the respondents (57%) were students,

23 percent were classified as full-time working youth, 14 percent were out-of-school

youth, and the remaining six percent were working students (Table 3).

Table 3. Classification of youth-respondents in selected areas of Cavite, 2005

CLASSIFICATION FREQUENCY PERCENT

(n =100)

Student 57 57

Out-of-school youth 14 14

Working student 6 6

Full-time working youth 23 23

Major Activities of Youth in Selected Areas of Cavite

The major activities of youth were smoking, drinking, membership/participation

in organization/s, participation in illegal and/or socially undesirable activities and

experience with sex (Table 4).

Smoking. More than half (59%) of the respondents declared that they never

smoked, 19 percent answered that they were smoking at present, 18 percent said that they

just tried smoking, and only four percent reported that they stopped smoking.
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Table 4. Major activities of youth in selected areas of Cavite, 2005

ACTIVITIES FREQUENCY PERCENT/RANK

(n =100)

Smoking

Smoke at present 19 19
Never smoked 59 59
Stopped smoking 4 4
Just tried 18 18

Drinking

Several times a week 10 10

Several times a month 27 27
Several times a year 17 17
Once a week 5 5
Once a month 10 10
Rarely 11 11
Does not drink 20 20

Membership/Participation in
organization/s
(n=91)
Sports/Recreational organization 38 1
Youth organization 27 2
Church/Religious organization 26 3
Art, music, and educational
organization 6 4
Professional association 4 5
Charitable organization 3 6
Fraternity 3 6
Political party 2 7
Labor union 2 7

Participation in illegal and/or

socially undesirable activities
(n=38)
Watched pornographic movies 20 1
Gambling 11 2
Engaged in hueteng 5 3
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Table 4. continued.

ACTIVITIES FREQUENCY PERCENT/RANK

(n =100)

Drug use 5 3
Gang membership 4 4
Trouble with police 3 5

Experience with sex (n=26)

Pre-marital sex 22 1
Paying for sex 4 2
Having sex against own will 1 3
Being paid for sex 1 3
Forcing someone to have sex 1 3

Drinking. Twenty-seven percent of the respondents revealed that they were

drinking alcoholic beverages several times a month, 20 percent do not drink at all, 11

percent said rarely, and 10 percent each were drinking several times a week and once a

month. Only five percent of the respondents were drinking once a week.

Membership/Participation in organization/s. Of the 91 respondents joined or

participated in various social organizations, 38 percent were members of

sports/recreational organizations, 27 percent were members of youth organizations, 26

percent were members of church/religious organizations, six percent were members of

art, music, and educational organizations, and four percent were members of professional

associations. The other respondents were members of charitable organizations (3%),

fraternity (3%), political parties (2%), and labor union (2%).

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Participation in illegal and/or socially undesirable activities. Of the 38

respondents who revealed that they participated in illegal and/or socially undesirable

activities, 20 percent declared that they watched pornographic movies, 11 were involved

in gambling, five percent each were engaged in hueteng and using drugs, respectively.

The other respondents were gang members (4%) and had trouble with the police (3%).

Experience with sex. Twenty-two percent of the respondents revealed that they

had pre-marital sex, four percent said that they paid for sex, and one percent each

revealed that they had sex against their own will, being paid for sex, and forced someone

to have sex.

Number of Hours Devoted by Youth for the Different Activities.

The number of hours devoted by youth for different activities are presented in

Table 5.

Working .The number of hours that 29 respondents worked in a week ranged

from 20 to 73 hours with an average of 45 hours a week. Less than half of the

respondents (48%) worked for 38 to 55 hours a week, 30 percent worked for 20 to 37

hours a week and 22 percent worked for 56 to 73 hours a week.

Attending classes. The number of hours devoted by 60 respondents in attending

classes in a week ranged from 2 to 70 hours with an average of 31 hours or six hours

daily excluding Saturday and Sunday. Sixty percent of the respondents attended classes

for 25 to 47 hours a week, 30 percent attended classes 2 to 24 hours a week while 10

percent attended classes from 48 to 70 hours a week. Since most of the respondents were

full-time students, they spent most of their time in attending classes.

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Attending other school activities. The number of hours devoted by 22

respondents in other school activities ranged from 2 to 25 hours with an average of seven

hours a week. Majority (86%) of the respondents devoted 2 to 9 hours a week for other

Table 5. Number of hours devoted by the respondents on different activities, 2005

ACTIVITIES FREQUENCY PERCENT

(IN HOURS/WEEK)

Working (n=29)

20 – 37 7 30
38 – 55 11 48
56 – 73 5 22

Range=20 –73
Mean= 45

Attending classes (n=63)

2 – 24 19 30
25 – 47 38 60
48 – 70 6 10

Range=2 –70
Mean= 31

Attending other school activities

(n=22)
2–9 19 86
10 – 17 2 9
18 – 25 1 5

Range= 2 – 25
Mean= 7

Recreational and entertainment (n=100)

activities

2 – 26 59 59
27 – 51 36 36
52 – 76 5 5
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Range= 2 – 75
Mean = 26

Table 5. continued.

ACTIVITIES FREQUENCY PERCENT

(n =100)

Household chores (n=50)

2 – 29 45 90
30 – 57 3 6
58 – 85 2 4

Range= 2 – 84
Mean = 19

Home study (n=40)

2 – 10 10 25
11 – 19 21 53
20 – 28 9 23

Range = 2 – 27
Mean = 15

school activities, nine percent spent 10 to 17 hours for other school activities, and only

five percent spent 18 to 25 hours for other school activities.

Recreational and entertainment activities. The number of hours devoted by

respondents in recreational and entertainment activities ranged from 2 to 75 hours with an

average of 26 hours a week or two hours daily. More than half of the respondents (59%)

were engaged in recreational and entertainment activities for 2 to 26 hours a week, 36

percent were engaged in recreational and entertainment activities for 27 to 51 hours a

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week, and five percent were engaged in recreational and entertainment activities for 52 to

76 hours a week. Despite the other activities of the youth, they still spent 2 hours a day

for recreation and entertainment activities.

Household chores. The number of hours that respondents performed their

household chores ranged from 2 to 84 hours a week with an average of 19 hours or 2.7

hours daily. Ninety percent of the respondents performed their household chores for 2 to

29 hours a week, six percent performed their household chores for 30 to 57 hours a week,

and four percent performed their household chores for 58 to 85 hours a week. Half of the

respondents reported that they performed household chores.

Home study. The number of hours that the respondents allotted for home study

ranged from 2 to 27 hours a week with an average of 15 hours. More than half of the

respondents (53%) spent 11 to 19 hours a week for home study, 25 percent spent 2 to 10

hours a week for home study, and the remaining 23 percent spent 11 to 19 hours a week

for home study. Only 40 students revealed that they allocated small hours in their home

study.

Factors Affecting the Choice of Youth of Entertainment Activity

Nine factors were considered by the respondents in their choice of entertainment.

The number one factor they considered in their choice of entertainment activity was the

length of free time available in a day. Ranked second and third factors considered by the

respondents were school allowance/income from employment, and course and major.

Other factors affecting the choice of youth of entertainment were household size,

occupation, family’s choice of entertainment, peer pressure, and membership to

organizations (Table 6).

 29

Table 6. Factors affecting the choice of entertainment activity of youth, 2005

FACTOR FREQUENCY RANK

(n =100)

Length of free time available in a day 70 1

School allowance/income from 36 2

employment

Course and major, if student 26 3

Household size 25 4

Occupation, if employed 17 5

Family’s choice of entertainment 11 6

Peer pressure 6 8

Membership to organizations 4 9

Preferred Entertainment Activities of Youth

The most preferred entertainment activities of the respondents were listening to

the radio, get together with friends, text messaging, and watching television. The other

entertainment activities engaged in by the respondents were reading books, magazines, or

newspapers; shopping; watching movies; computer, video and online games; singing at

videoke bars; engaging in sports; taking exercise almost daily; drinking and cockfighting

(Table 7).
 30

Table 7. Preferred entertainment activities of youth, 2005

ENTERTAINMENT ACTIVITY FREQUENCY RANK

(n =100)

Listen to radio 58 1
Get together with friends 48 2
Text messaging 48 2
Watch TV 43 3
Read books, magazines, or 4
newspapers 29
Shopping 21 5
Watch movies 16 6
Computer, video and online games 13 7
Singing at videoke bars 7 8
Engaged in sports 6 9
Exercise almost daily 3 10
Drinking 2 11
Cockfight 1 12

Level of Expenditure of Youth on Various Entertainment Activities

Thirty percent of the respondents had monthly expenditure of PhP2,062 to

PhP3,042 on various entertainment activities, 22 percent had monthly expenditure of

PhP3,043 to PhP4,023 and only 14 percent had monthly expenditure between PhP100 to

PhP1,080 (Table 8).

 31

Table 8. Level of expenditure of youth on various entertainment activities per month,

2005

LEVEL OF EXPENDITURE FREQUENCY PERCENT

PER MONTH (n =100)
(PhP)

100 – 1,080 14 14

1,081 – 2,061 18 18

2,062 – 3,042 30 30

3,043 – 4,023 22 22

4,024 – 5,004 16 16

Range= 100 – 5,000

Mean = 2,630

Relationship Between the Selected Socio-economic Characteristics of Youth and

their Entertainment Expenditures

Age and entertainment expenditures of youth. Test statistics showed a

computed chi-square value of 31.8256 which is greater than the tabulated value of

15.507. The null hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between age and

entertainment expenditures of youth was accepted. Result implies that the entertainment

expenditures of youth vary with age. Older youth had higher expenditures on

entertainment than younger youth (Table 9).

 32

Table 9. Relationship between age and entertainment expenditures of youth

ENTERTAINMENT AGE FREQUENCY

EXPENDITURES OF
YOUTH (PhP) 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29

100 – 1,080 11 2 1 14

1,081 – 2,061 14 4 - 18

2,062 – 3,042 10 20 - 30

3,043 – 4,023 9 11 2 22

4,024 – 5,004 5 6 5 16

TOTAL 49 43 8 100
x2c = 31.8256 x t = 15.507
2

df = 8 ¿ = 5%

Sex and entertainment expenditures of youth. The computed chi-square value

of 17.821 was greater than the tabulated value of 9.488 which suggests that the null

hypothesis of no significant relationship between sex and entertainment expenditure of

youth was rejected. Hence, there was a significant relationship between sex and

entertainment expenditures of youth. This suggests that the entertainment expenditures of

male youth were considerably different from the entertainment expenditures of female
 33

youth. Findings showed that male youth generally had higher entertainment expenditures

than female youth (Table 10).

Table 10. Relationship between sex and entertainment expenditures of youth

ENTERTAINMENT SEX FREQUENCY

EXPENDITURES OF YOUTH Male Female
(PhP)

100 – 1,080 3 11 14

1,081 – 2,061 3 15 18

2,062 – 3,042 15 15 30

3,043 – 4,023 16 6 22

4,024 – 5,004 10 6 16

TOTAL 47 53 100
x2c = 17.8210 x2t = 9.488
df = 4 ¿ = 5%

Household size and entertainment expenditures of youth. The computed chi-

square value of 10.6097 was less than the tabular value of 15.507 at five percent level of

significance. Hence, the null hypothesis of no significant relationship between household

size and entertainment expenditures of youth was accepted. This means that the number

of household members was not a factor in the amount spent by youth on entertainment

activities (Table 11).

 34

Table 11. Relationship between household size and entertainment expenditures of youth

ENTERTAINMENT HOUSEHOLD SIZE FREQUENCY

EXPENDITURES OF
YOUTH 3-5 6-8 9 - 11
(PhP)

100 – 1,080 5 5 4 14

1,081 – 2,061 5 11 2 18

2,062 – 3,042 15 14 1 30

3,043 – 4,023 10 11 1 22

4,024 – 5,004 8 7 1 16

TOTAL 43 48 9 100
x2c = 10.6097 x t = 15.507
2

df = 8 ¿ = 5%

Monthly school allowance/Monthly income and entertainment expenditures

of youth. The computed chi-square value of 13.9291 was less than the tabular value of

15.507 at five percent level of significance. Thus, the null hypothesis of no significant

relationship between monthly school allowance/monthly income and entertainment

expenditures of youth was accepted. This means that the monthly school allowance or
 35

monthly income of youth was not associated with the expenditures for entertainment

activities (Table 12).

Table 12. Relationship between monthly school allowance/monthly income and

entertainment expenditures of youth, 2006

ENTERTAINMENT MONTHLY SCHOOL ALLOWANCE/ FREQUENC

EXPENDITURES MONTHLY INCOME (PhP) Y
OF YOUTH (PhP)
400 – 5,266 5,267 – 10,134 – 15,000
10,133

100 – 1,080 7 2 1 10

1,081 – 2,061 8 5 1 14

2,062 – 3,042 23 4 1 28

3,043 – 4,023 13 4 3 20

4,024 – 5,004 4 6 4 14

TOTAL 55 21 10 86
x2c = 13.9291 x t = 15.507
2

df = 8 ¿ = 5%
 36

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

A study was conducted to determine the entertainment preference of youth in

selected areas of Cavite. Specifically, the study aimed to: describe the socio-economic

characteristics of youth in selected areas of Cavite, describe the major activities of youth,

determine the factors affecting the choice of youth of entertainment activity, determine

the level of preference of youth on entertainment activities, determine the level of

expenditure of youth on various entertainment activities and ascertain the relationship

between the selected socio-economic characteristics of youth and their entertainment

expenditures.

The ages of the respondents ranged from 15 to 29 with an average of 20 years.

Fifty-three percent of the respondents were female and 47 percent were male. Majority of

the respondents were single and five percent were married. Forty percent of the

respondents reached college level and 30 percent were college graduates. The household

size of the respondents ranged from 3 to 11 with an average of six. Majority of the

respondents were Catholic. Further, the weekly school allowance of 63 student-

respondents ranged from PhP100 to PhP2,000 with an average of PhP799. The monthly
 37

income of full-time working youth ranged from PhP3,000 to PhP15,000 with an average

of PhP7,435.

More than half of the respondents declared that they never smoked while 19

percent answered that they were smoking at present. Twenty-seven percent of the

respondents revealed that they were drinking alcoholic beverages several times a month

Of the 91 respondents who were members or participated in various social organizations,

38 percent were members of sports/recreational organizations, 27 percent were members

of youth organizations and 26 percent were members of church/religious organizations.

The number of hours that respondents had been working in a week ranged from

20 to 73 hours with an average of 45 hours a week while the number of hours devoted by

60 respondents in attending classes in a week ranged from 2 to 70 hours with an average

of 31 hours or 6 hours daily excluding Saturday and Sunday. The number of hours that 22

respondents attended other school activities ranged from 2 to 25 hours with an average of

seven hours. On the other hand, the number of hours that all respondents were engaged in

recreational and entertainment activities ranged from 2 to 75 hours with an average of 26

hours a week or two hours daily. The number of hours that respondents performed their

household chores ranged from 2 to 84 hours a week with an average of 19 hours or 2.7

hours daily. Also, the number of hours that the respondents allotted for home study

ranged from 2 to 27 hours a week with an average of 15 hours a week.

The number one factor that respondents considered in their choice of

entertainment activity was the length of free time available in a day, school

allowance/income from employment, and course and major. The most preferred

entertainment activities of the respondents were listening to the radio get together with
 38

friends, text messaging, and watching television. The monthly expenditure of the

respondents on various entertainment activities per month ranged from PhP100 to

PhP5,000 with an average of PhP2,630.

Result of chi-square tests revealed that age and sex were significantly related to

entertainment expenditures of youth. However, household size and monthly school

allowance/monthly income were found to be insignificantly related to entertainment

expenditures of youth.

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the study, the following may be concluded:

A typical youth in Cavite was single, belonged to a bigger household size and

Catholic. Student-respondents had generally sufficient allowance in school while full-

time working youth had reasonable income to sustain their needs.

Generally, youth of Cavite were not smokers and heavy drinkers. Very few were

involved in illegal and socially undesirable activities. On the other hand, many youth

participated in various organizations particularly sports/recreational organizations, youth

organizations and church/religious organizations.

Majority of the hours spent by full-time working youth were performing their jobs

while students utilized most of their time attending classes. But beyond work and

attending class, findings revealed that youth spent most of their time doing recreational

and entertainment activities. The least hour spent by youth was doing home study which

suggests that very few students were doing school work, assignments, projects at home.

The number one factor that respondents considered in their choice of

entertainment activity was the length of free time available in a day, school
 39

allowance/income from employment, and course and major. This implies that the youth’s

free time available in a day determines their choice of entertainment activity. Also,

school allowance/income from employment determines the youths’ choice of

entertainment activity because the higher their allowance/income, the greater their

opportunity to engage in expensive entertainment activities.

Filipinos were generally music lovers. This characteristic was passed on to the

youth. Hence, the number one entertainment activity of youth was listening to the radio.

The monthly expenditure of the respondents on various entertainment activities

revealed that a greater portion of the school allowance or monthly income of youth went

to their entertainment activities since the average expenditure for entertainment activities

of the respondents was more than PhP2,500.

Result of chi-square tests revealed that age and sex were significantly related to

entertainment expenditures of youth. This suggests that the kind of entertainment chosen

by youth was dependent on their age and sex.

Recommendations

Youth of Cavite had less time for home study and got less exercise but are more

exposed to television and radios, text messaging and getting together with friends. Hence,

it is recommended that youth should be motivated to study more at home, read books,

magazines or newspapers regularly to develop their knowledge to prepare them for their

employment.

Some of the youth were smoking and drinking, although for both youth and

adults, females do these less frequently than males. The survey also found some

incidences of youth involvement in criminality, illegal drug use, and illicit sex. Hence, it
 40

is suggested that parents, teachers and concerned agencies and organizations to develop

and encourage the youth to participate in meaningful activities such as sports and

religious activities, studying and reading books, magazines or newspapers to shift them

away from possible troubles and prepare their future.

Appendix A. Questionnaire

ENTERTAINMENT PREFERENCE OF YOUTH

IN SELECTED AREAS OF CAVITE

Interview No. ____________

Town: __________________

A. Socio-economic Characteristics of the Respondent

1. Name: ______________________________________________________
(optional)
2. Permanent address: ________________________________________________
3. Age: _________ Sex: _______________
4. School: __________________________________________________________
5. Civil status:
 41

/ / Single / / Married
/ / Living in as married
6. Education:
/ / No formal schooling / / High school graduate
/ / Primary / / Tertiary
/ / Some elementary / / Vocational
/ / Elementary graduate / / Some college
/ / Secondary / / Post baccalaureate
7. Year, Course and Major (if student):
______________________________________
8. Occupation if employed:
_______________________________________________
9. Household size: ____________
10. Religion: _______________________
11. Number of children: ___________
12. Number of brothers: __________ Number of sisters: __________
13. Number of family members studying: ____________
14. Number of family members employed: ___________
15. Weekly school allowance (if student): P_______________
16. Monthly income (if employed): P______________
17. Occupation of the Head of the Family: _________________________
18. Estimated income of the Head of the Family: P__________
 42

B. Activities of Youth

1. Youth category:
/ / student / / working-student
/ / out-of-school youth / / full-time working youth

2. Do you smoke?
/ / Smoke at present / / Used to smoke but quit
/ / Never smoked / / Just tried

3. Do you drink?
/ / Several times a week / / Once a month
/ / Several times a month / / Rarely
/ / Several times a year / / Does not drink
/ / Once a week

4. Are you an active member of…?

/ / Sports/Recreational organization
/ / Church/Religious organization
/ / Youth organization
/ / Art, music or educational organization
/ / Charitable organization
/ / Political party
/ / Labor union
/ / Professional association
Others, specify __________________________________________

5. Have you ever participated in illegal and/or socially undesirable activities?

/ / Yes / / No

6. If yes, what are these illegal and/or socially undesirable activities?

/ / Watched pornographic movies
/ / Trouble with police
/ / Engaged in jueteng
/ / Shoplifting
/ / Earned a living by begging
/ / Undergone hazing
/ / Drug use
/ / Drug pushing
/ / Armed robbery
/ / Gang membership
Others, specify __________________________________________
 43

7. Have your ever experienced…?

/ / Pre-marital sex
/ / Having sex against own will
/ / Being paid for sex
/ / Paying for sex
/ / Forcing someone to have sex
Others, specify __________________________________________

8. What are your major activities in a week? (specify the number of hours you
usually accomplish the activity)

NUMBER OF HOURS THE ACTIVITY IS USUALLY PERFORMED

Work Attendin Other Recreation Househol Home
g Class School and d Chores Study
Activities Entertainmen
t
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesda
y
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday

C. Factors Affecting the Choice of Entertainment Activity

1. What are the factors that affect your choice of entertainment activity?
/ / school allowance/income from employment
/ / length of free time in a day
/ / occupation, if employed
/ / course and major, if student
/ / family’s choice of entertainment
/ / brothers and sisters
/ / household size
/ / peer pressure
/ / membership to organizations
Others, specify ____________________________________________
 44

2. How do the following factors affect your choice of entertainment activity?

Indicate your perception on a scale from 1 = very high extent to 3 = not at all

1 2 3
FACTOR Very High Moderate Not at all
Extent
School allowance/income from
employment
Length of free time in a day
Occupation, if employed
Course and major, if student
Family’s choice of entertainment
Brothers and sisters
Household size
Peer pressure
Membership to organizations

Others, please outline below

 45

D. Level of Preference and Level of Expenditure of Youth on Various

Entertainment Activities

1. What are the top three forms of entertainment you normally engaged in for the
last six months and how much cost did you spend for such activities? (Please rank
– 1 being the highest)

Entertainment Ran Products/Services Level of Level Total

k Purchased Expense of Expens
for Expens e
Product e for (P)
s per Service
Month s per
(P) Month
(P)
Listen to radio CDs/DVDs/
Cassette Tapes
Watch TV
Read books, magazines or Books
newspapers Magazines
Newspaper
Get together with friends Food
Liquor/Wine
Cigarettes
Others, specify
below

Watch movies DVDs/CDs

Tickets to Theaters
Food/Beverages
Others, specify
below

Exercise almost daily Fitness/Gym Rent

or Membership
CDs/DVDs for
 46

fitness
Equipment
Others, specify
below

Engaged in sports Equipment

(Specify your sports below) Food/Beverages
______________________ Balls
_ Others, specify
______________________ below
_
______________________
_

Computer, video and Game

online games CDs/DVDs/Tapes
Game Cards
Food
Internet access
Others, specify
below

Drinking Liquor/Wine
Text messaging E-load or Card
Cockfight
Singing at videoke bars Food
Drinks
Token

Shopping Clothes and shoes

Accessories
Beauty products
Others, specify
below
Other forms of
entertainment, please
specify below
 47

Thank you very much.