Trash Segregation Rover System: Isabela State University Cauayan City, Isabela C C S, I C T

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY
Cauayan City, Isabela
COLLEGE OF COMPUTING STUDIES, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
TRASH SEGREGATION ROVER SYSTEM
A Capstone Project presented to the

faculty of the
College of Computing Studies, Information and Communication Technology
Isabela State University-Cauayan Campus
In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science In Information Technology
Acerit, Marvin A.
Abenojar, Edelyn R.
Ratilla, Jessica G.
June 2022
CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Managing of solid waste is one of the greater challenges for development all over the
country. It is not only because of solid waste management impact on the environment or health,
but the poor implementation of solid waste management hinders around the nations progress
towards Sustainable Development. Waste is a massive problem. World Bank estimates show
that, globally, we produce approximately 2.01 billion Tons of solid waste each year. However, at
least 33% of that waste is not managed in an environmentally sound manner — and that’s an
extremely conservative estimate. The importance of waste segregation is something that we can
no longer afford to ignore (www.worldbank.com).
Waste segregation is the sorting and separation of waste types to facilitate recycling and
correct onward disposal. When waste is sorted correctly, it can save our environment and have
wonderful surroundings. With ever increasing urbanization and growth all over the world, we
need a stable and sustainable development plan of waste management. One of the vital parts of
the urban development plan is proper waste management in which waste collection is a very
complicated process which involves efficient management of the entire system, beginning with
the collection to the dumping of wastes hygienically, especially inside the campus, because a lots
of waste on the school campus don’t properly segregated. The garbage of every classroom in the
campus are overflowing the waste and it’s not segregated.
The Trash Segregation Rover System is intended for Sorting the waste using image
processing for the identification of waste, and makes it easier to understand how to reduce the
waste output, and also identify items that can be reused and set aside items that should be
recycled. Beyond that, however, there’s also a moral imperative to be responsible for how you
handle your waste with the help of this system.
In today's generation, the common problem that we are facing in waste collection and
dumping is mainly: overflowing garbage bins and waste segregation as per its type.
The system can help the street keepers to segregate the waste and sorting it into identifiably
waste namely: Non-biodegradable, Biodegradable, and Recycled Materials. It can be a great
system in the future because it eliminates the waste hazardous which may be a health problem to
everybody specially to the health of students and school administrations. So, in this system we
can help the school campus and its environment to have and keep the green future.
From the beginning, people used various methods of waste disposal to get rid of unwanted
materials. Sometimes it was buried in the land, thrown in the sea, fed to the animal or burnt.
Getting rid of unwanted materials is always a major concern in the modern society specially in
today’s generations. Modern world meets lots of challenges that includes Smart waste
management system. It is become matter of big concern, if proper of waste disposal system is not
well managed. Managing waste efficiently, a nation can ahead one step forward. In this work, a
system that automatically sorter out the garbage nor the waste in a various category to sort out
into Biodegradable, Non-biodegradable, and recycled materials by developing a Trash
Segregation Rover System. Waste segregation is the sorting and separation of waste into its types
of waste. The trash segregation rover system is a big help to the Isabela State University –
Cauayan campus to reduces some environmental problems to its students and school
administration, and will be the center of a clean and green university in the Region.
Proper waste disposal and management can be done using of 3R’s which is the Reduce,
Reuse and Recycling. Reducing means, it lessening the amount of waste nor the garbage, while
the Reuse, refers to using the materials in the waste or garbage that more than once, and the
Recycling means that the old materials in the waste or in the garbage will create into a new
material.
Waste segregation is an important component in the waste management chain as it makes
it possible to realize effective Reuse, Recycling and Recovery (RRR).
Unfortunately, it is also affected by lack of awareness, and a lack of economic incentive and a
low priority in planning to waste minimization.
Community perceptions on what could be done to improve segregation of waste is including the
provision of facilities for waste segregation and financial returns to the community from
recycling business could promote RRR, in order to maintain cleanliness in surrounding.
Proper Solid Waste Management is crucial for environmental protection and the well-
being of human beings. If waste is improperly managed may contaminate soils, water and air
thereby affecting the quality of life. Improperly managed waste may also create nuisance and
make human beings feel uncomfortable (www.tandfonline.com). Generation of waste is an
important stage where by source reduction strategies can be implemented. However, for effective
management there is a growing interest for waste minimization through reuse and recycling
which necessitates incorporation of waste segregation in the waste management system.
Recognizing the importance of having a waste management system can improve the quality of
life and also it reduces the health problems which causes of the uncleanness environment.
Hence, the researchers want to develop the Trash Segregation Rover System using the
image processing to identify the waste into its category. And will implement inside the university
campus of Isabela State University-Cauayan City. The system would be using a image
processing which will be help the system to identify the kinds of waste that will be segregated.
The system would be a great idea to the ISU cauayan campus which will may help the campus
and students to maintain the segregated waste in front of the school administration office.
Statement of the Problem
Solid waste management is very critical in the views of health and sustainable
development. Nowadays some student and other school staffs of every colleges and department
inside the campus of Isabela State University – Cauayan Campus, don’t care about the right
process of segregating of their waste and garbage. Garbage and waste that are not segregated
properly according to its kind can be a big problem in dumpsites, school and community. Not
properly segregated of garbage and waste can lead to have a harmful disease, and this can affect
human health, plants and also animals lives. The other problem of this unsegregated waste and
garbage can be a massive health problem to everyone.
This study wants to determine the capability of Trash Segregation Rover System in
maintaining the garbage nor the waste by segregating it at the Isabela State university-Cauayan
Campus. The system would be a grate technological invention in the university in segregating its
waste.
Objectives of the Study
The main objective of the study, is to develop a trash segregation rover system prototype
using image processing specifically it aims to;
1. Identify the problems encountered in trash – garbage segregation at ISU Cauayan
Campus
2. To design a circuit graph model for the prototype
3. To evaluate the develop prototype, using and ISO

Research Questions
In an attempt to identify the approaches and problems of waste management in Isabela State
University-Cauayan Campus, Cauayan City, Isabela, with the view of finding some appropriate
management strategies, the following research questions were formulated by the researchers:
1. What are the major components of solid waste that generated in the Isabela State
University-Cauayan Campus?
2. What are the reasons for the inadequate as well as inefficient collection and disposal of
the solid waste in the campus?
3. What measure and strategies are likely to improve the existing situation constraints or
management techniques in solid waste in the
4. What are the challenges encountered by the students, school administrative and faculty
teaching/non-teaching staff in managing the solid waste?
5. What are the possible ways of enhancing the effectiveness of the solid waste management
with the help of the segregation machine system?
Importance of the Study
The importance of this study is to determine the composition of waste in the university
campus, and to examine the different management strategies being adapted in the solid waste
management by the university as well as its students, street keepers, and the teaching and no-
teaching staff in the campus. And also it will serve as being a great invention in the campus to
reduces of having a waste problem nor in the environmental issues. And also to suggest an
appropriate and effective ways of measures that will ensure the efficient of waste in the
university campus.
The output of this study will be a great importance to both campus staff, administrations,
and its students and indeed, to everybody to help them to maintain the sustainable solid waste
inside the campus.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
The scope of this study is about the development of Trash Segregation Rover System is
for the Isabela State University –Cauayan campus, a machine which automatically segregated the
waste. with these systems will be a great system in the future because of its ability to help the
schools to lessen the impact of uncleanliness and unsegregated garbage. The proposed system
can process the segregation when the waste nor garbage throw in the trash bin of the system and
its automatically segregated all the waste that put in the system bin.
Framework of the Study
The framework of this study will include the Solid Waste Management (SWM) practices
to mitigates its impact on the environment conservation, the perception of everybody about the
SWM, and assesses the impact on environment and sustainable development of solid waste in the
campus. Furthermore, this study will have focused on the segregation of solid waste inside the
campus.
These framework of the study will serve as a part of the segregation system of waste in Isabela
State University-Cauayan Campus.
Figure 1: IPO – Input, Process, Output
IDENTIFY THE IDENTIFY THE

WASTE,
WASTE WASTE
IMAGE
BASED ON ITS BASED ON ITS
PROCESSOR
TYPES TYPES
FEEDBACK
The project study uses the input, process, and output (IPO), model to show the procedures that
took in the development of the system. It started with the input of determining the problems
encountered by the administration office and its students including their perception on the use of
Trash Segregation Rover System. Moreover, knowledge on system designing is a prerequisite

factor before proceeding to the process which involves analysis of the problems encountered and
designing of the system. Also, these phase includes the testing of system and hardware
functionality, its implementation and evaluation of the said system. The output covers the
development Trash Segregation Rover System for the Isabela State University – Cauayan
Campus.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presented the related literature and studies both foreign and local. This
would also present the critical view and the summary and research gaps to be filled of the study.
Properly Segregation
To properly manage the waste, it has to be handled, segregated, transported and disposed
so as to reduce the risks to the public lives and sustainable environmental. (Mohammed Rafeeq,
Sanjar Alam, 2016)
According to (Murlidhar Gangwani1 et al, 2019) Segregation of collected waste is
essential due to the fact that if all waste materials such as polythene bags, old furniture, and e-
waste get mixed up in the landfills, it could lead towards contamination of the land through
leaking toxic substances. As per (Khoo et al., 2019). Field observation indicated that pampers
and diapers were both handled and disposed of in unhygienic manner such that the public may
face high public health risk from fecal contamination via direct personal contact, contact with
contaminated soil and water ingestion.
According to the study of SOLARIMPULSE FOUNDATION entitled (how to shape the
future of waste) which they stated that each types of waste correspond to a management process.
To properly manage waste, pre-sorting it necessary. This sorting allows the separation of
recyclable from non-recyclable waste, and subsequently the energy recovery. In the landscape of
contemporary education, raising environmental awareness is considered a vital goal that lies in
the interdependence between humankind and environment not only to encourage conservation of
irreplaceable natural resources but also to foster a sense of connection to the natural world ( Ma
Fernando et al., 2019).
According also to Mana Kakinuma 2019, she said that trash is one of the most serious
environmental issues. People strive to solve the problem with reducing the use of plastic and
figuring out the method to recucle efficiently. The ideal solution would be formalizing a waste
disposal system and that is the trash segregation system. Regula schegg (2021), she said in her
study about “The opportunity to invest in strategies that transform Asia`s waste management and
recycling industry” that with near-zero interest rates presenting a favorable investing
environment for the foreseeable future, it is now time to invest in South and Southeast Asia`s
recycling and circular economy industries. The increase in plastic waste must be more effectively
manage to build resilient supply chains and divert plastic waste from the environment. This kind
of win-win scenario is worth the attention and prioritization from governments and investors
across the region. By that it will also generate a positive socio-economic outcome such as jobs,
women empowerment, and improved sanitation while capturing the economic value of plastic
waste.
According to the Solid Waste management rules (2016), it’s the responsibility of waste
generators to segregate waste into three categories – wet, dry and recyclable waste, and dispose
of the waste into authorized dustbins and collectors. As per (Aleena VJ, et al, 2016), They stated
that the segregation, transport, handling and disposal of waste must be managed properly to
minimize the risks to the public, and the environment. An efficient method of dispose the waste
has been designed in our project, “automated waste segregator and monitoring system.” In the
recent years, one of the underlying effects of a growing population is the environmental hazard.
Of these problems, the increasing amount of trash waste is the most critical. As the world’s
population goes to continues to rise waste management is seen as important an effective solution
to mitigate this issues (Miho Pamintuan et al, 2019)
Waste Management System
According to Sonu P. Singh et Al., (2019), they stated that the waste management system
in the country is not proper, in order to provide a proper waste management system, we need to
manufacture a machine that can sort the various waste constituents from garbage which can be
further processed and recycled to reduce the overall waste. We are manufacturing the machine to
obtain the goal of separating the waste which can be used by a small scale as well as large scale
industry effectively, which would directly add into benefit for the society. Increasing
urbanization has led to a major waste management crisis with the proliferation of improperly
planned structures having no propel facility to collect, segregate and process the waste (S.
Nandhini et al, 2019).
Automated Trash Segregation

In this modern society due to rapid urbanization and developing technologies, the
detection and segregation of plastic has play a major role in the human life. Currently, this trash
of segregation the plastic is manual and that requires higher effort in hazardous condition and it
is dangerous too in some places. (Gopinath et al, in international conference on technological
advancements in power and energy, 2017). Due to the high rate of waste and plastics
consumption, it is important to develop a machine that can automatically separate and segregated
from normal waste material in regions wherein manual sorting is difficult to be followed and the
segregation process should be efficient compared to the primitive techniques. (SM Devendra
Kumar, et al, in Automatic Plastic Sorting Machine Using Audio Wave Signal, 2021).
The government doesn’t have yet the efficient waste management system. Waste
management system based on information technology capable of handling waste management
problems is needed to overcome this problem. In this work, a prototype of waste management
system has been developing, especially for the solid waste management. Focusing on the
segregation and garbage collection phase. (Feisal Ramadhan et al. 2018)
Improper waste disposal is one of the biggest environmental issues in the Philippines. It
caused bigger problems that affect not only the environment but also the health and life of the
people. (Khylle Tumala, 2015). According to Froilan N. Jimeno et al. 2021, they stated that in
the Philippines, solid waste management is still a significant problem. Improper waste disposal
causes serious health problems and environmental risk such as contamination of the water
systems, floods, ground and air pollution, and diseases. Unfortunately, most people mistakenly
believe that not segregating waste is acceptable.
According to MP Sunil et al. 2020, they stated that dynamic raise in the quality of waste
and contemptible dumping of waste has turn out to be a matter of worry, because of the threat it
causes the big damage to the environment. There comes the essential role of an automated waste
segregation system which avoids these troubles and also reduces the complexity of recycling.
According to Wesley Pereira et. al. 2019, on their study about Smart Bin (Waste
Segregation and Optimization) stated that the smart bin is an efficient and hygienic waste
disposal and segregation system which will eventually help in waste optimization.
Research Gap
From all the foregoing literature studies both local and foreign, most of the researchers on
Solid Waste Management and Trash Segregation are more relevant to the segregating the waste
on the environment. All their studies are more on doing waste Segregation system which will
have a connection to our study which is developing Trash Segregation Rover System. This
include the image processing as the medium to identify the types of waste.
In this study, it aims to develop and design an automated trash segregation rover system
using the image processing to assist the trash segregation through the waste identification and
segregation that will built in the system which will be capable in navigating the one-time path set
by the users. In this particular system, we are creating trash segregation prototype using image
processing with the three classifications of waste. These are the biodegradable, non-
biodegradable, and recyclable materials. This system would be designed inside the school
campus particularly in front of the school administration office.
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGIES
System Methodologies
Figure 2: Dataflow Diagram of Trash Segregation Rover System
Trash Bin
Segregation System
Waste System
Waste It processes the waste and identify it

Processing if it is Biodegradable, Non-
biodegradable or Materials.
Non-
Biodegradable Materials
Biodegradable
Sustainable Development
The diagram above – Figure 2, depicts the data flow in the system; the flow will begin with the
segregation system and the waste bin which will be the start to segregate the garbage/waste. And
after that the waste will be classify by its types using the image processing to segregated the
waste and have a sustainable development in when it comes of overflowing garbage waste.
It showed how the system like to be and how it works inside at the school campus. The
researchers build this design which in order to discuss the concept of the system. The Trash
Segregation Rover System Design will help the researchers on how they will build and
implement inside the campus with the same design above.
Figure 3: Hardware and Software Specification Design
IMAGE
PROCESSOR
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
The figure 3; how the hardware and software of the system works to be implemented in front the
admin office of ISU Cauayan Campus. First the user must set and ready the waste before putting
it and the image processor identify it and automatically segregated it.
Figure 4: System Segregation Model

Trash Bin Motor
System Button To start

Recycled
materials
Non-Biodegradable
Biodegradable
Stepper
motor
Reference
*https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
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*https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
341757197_Awareness_and_Implementation_of_Solid_Waste_Management_SWM_Practices
*https://avpn.asia/blog/the-opportunity-to-invest-in-strategies-that-transform-asias-waste-
management-and-recycling-industry/
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%20management&hsa_mt=b&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gclid=CjwKCAjwve2TBhByEiwAaktM1NGH
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*https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/national-university-philippines/research/chapter-ii-
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*https://swm4sd.wordpress.com/literature-review/conceptual-framework/
*https://www.grossarchive.com/upload/1423238271.htm
*https://www.grin.com/document/420956
*https://www.ijert.org/research/a-comprehensive-study-on-waste-segregation-techniques-
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*https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/27658511.2021.1935532
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ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

Cauayan City, Isabela

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING STUDIES, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY