A PROPOSAL STUDY OF HANDCRAFTED RECYCLED VASE USING GARBAGE

WASTE IN SITIO CROSAN BULACAO TALISAY CITY

A Qualitative Research

Presented To

The Department Of Humss

Asian College of Technology

Bulacao, Talisay City, Cebu

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Subject

APLD 03 (Practical Research 3)

By:

HUMSS 12-ORDERLINESS BATCH 01 GROUP 8

Aliganga, Rejie

Angcos, Aubrey Anne

Galvez, Andrian

Largo, Ashley Shaine

Lauron, Kenneth Joel

Sismar, Trisha Marie

March 2023
 CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION

Recycling is one of the most important actions currently available to reduce these

impacts and represents one of the most dynamic areas in the plastics industry today.

Recycling provides opportunities to reduce oil usage, carbon dioxide emissions and the

quantities of waste requiring disposal. Here, we briefly set recycling into context against

other waste-reduction strategies, namely reduction in material use through

downgauging or product reuse, the use of alternative biodegradable materials and

energy recovery as fuel.

Plastic, over the year, has been used for the benefit of humanity for commercial

and domestic purposes. Plastic as a material has also been exploited heavily by society

for packaging and material conservation to demonstrate the versatility of plastics

(Andrady & Neal, 2009: 1977). The global demand for plastic has contributed

immensely to plastic waste in the environment. This situation is due to the mishandling

of plastics by some individuals. Solid waste is an issue in the global world, mainly

plastic waste. Plastic waste has a slow degradation rate (Alabi et al., 2019: 1). People

are used to carrying items of groceries, clothing, and food in plastic or polyethylene

bags purchased in stores in Ghana. Plastic bags are used in our everyday lives for

carrying food items (Donkor et al., 2021: 71). However, mishandling plastic bags has

played a significant role in the littering system in Ghana. The plastic waste situation at

Takoradi Technical University's (TTU) main campus has resulted in many detrimental
effects, such as landscape disfigurement, pollution, and blockage of river and gutter

channels.

Plastic waste is a challenge not only on TTU's main campus, but this challenge

has become a community, national and global issue. This plastic waste challenge has

resulted to the degree that some Governments in Africa have decided to ban the use of

plastics (Ujeh, 2021: 2).

Based on the 2019 coastal waste assessment conducted by the International

Coastal Clean Up- Philippines across 61 provinces, most of the plastic wastes

recovered were food-related such as food packaging, take-away containers, and straws.

While the national and local governments are increasingly giving serious attention to

this issue, there remains substantial knowledge and capacity gaps to provide effective

interventions, particularly at the local levels.

 CHAPTER 1:

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

In this article, we introduce the notion of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Materials, which

are created through individual or collective self-production practices, often by

techniques and processes of the designer's own invention. They can be totally new

materials, modified, or further developed versions of existing materials. In order to

provide an operational vocabulary to discuss DIY materials, we have collected 27

DIY material cases developed in the last five years. We group the collected cases

under two main categories: (1) DIY new materials: which focus on creative material

ingredients (e.g. a material made of dried, blended waste citrus peel combined with

natural binders); and (2) DIY new identities for conventional materials: which focus

on new production techniques, giving new expressions to existing materials (i.e. they

do not necessarily contain new ingredients, such as 3D printed metal). Grounded on

the commonalities of collected cases, we discuss the design opportunities, including

new aesthetic impressions offered through DIY material design practices.

A benefit of recycling is that it avoids the use of other disposal methods,

which are common but perhaps not as environmentally-friendly as recycling, e.g.

landfill and incineration (Erwin and Healy, 1990).

 Recycling of used plastic bottles is an important measure to protect the

environment and save energy. Usually, bottles in different colors have different value for

recycling. Classification of plastic bottles recycling based on image recognition during

recycling is an effective way, where the position and color recognition are the key

technologies. To classify the plastic bottles on the conveyor belt, their position

relationships are firstly defined as three categories, i.e. disjoint, adjacent and

overlapping. The disjoint ones can be easily identified by the ratio of concave and

convex area based on their image. For the adjacent and overlapping bottles, a

combination method called distance transformation and threshold segmentation is

proposed to distinguish their position relationships.

Once the adjacent bottles are identified, the method of concave point search

based on convex hull will be used to separate the adjacent recycled bottles further.

Then, the color of both the disjoint and adjacent bottles is identified because it is too

complex and difficult to recognize color of and separate the overlapping bottles. In the

aspect of color recognition, the colors of recycled bottles are divided into seven

categories in the sorting process. Color features of the bottom section are used to

represent the one of the recycled bottle because there may be a bottle cap and a label

on the top and in the middle of the bottle, respectively, resulting in the wrong

recognition. Relief algorithm is applied to select color features of recycled bottles and

the color is identified by support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The influence of

training sample size on classification model is studied and the experimental results

show that the accuracy of color recognition of recycled bottles reach 94.7%.

CHAPTER 1:

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Generally, the researcher will endeavor to determine the handcrafted recycled

vase using garbage waste practices among the establishment in Sitio Crosan Bulacao,

Talisay City

Specifically, the study will answer the following sub-problems.

1. What are the practices of the respondents towards recycling garbage waste into

vase management in terms of:

1.1 Awareness; and

1.2 Disciplined

2. What is the status of handcrafted recycled vase using garbage waste in Sitio

Crosan Bulacao, Talisay City?

3. How does the handcrafted recycled vase affect the establishment in Sitio Crosan

Bulacao, Talisay City?

 CHAPTER 1:

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study limits its coverage on Sitio Crosan Bulacao, Talisay City. Its main

purpose is to identify the effects of recycling used materials/waste and how effective it

can be as method for solid waste management.

This study considers every aspect of an individual's opinion towards this method

and will he/she recommend it to the majority of the people. Each of the respondents are

given same questionnaires to answer. The study focuses on the current residents

residing on each barangay mentioned.

CHAPTER 1

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

People nowadays lack knowledge about management of wastes. They tend to

throw away their trash anywhere without hesitation nor thinking about the

consequences and its effects on nature.

 The importance of this study is high, it's not only about promoting recycled

materials but also to educate, young and old people, about the effectiveness of such

method in waste management. We are also looking at the big picture of how it will turn

out to be, and how great it would be if a lot of people would consider spreading the

knowledge to other locals. Furthermore, at the same time we are aiming to know more

possible methods aside from recycling for the sake of the community.

CHAPTER 1

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. COMMUNITY - a group of people living in the same place or having a particular

characteristic in common.

2. WASTE MANAGEMENT - refers to the various schemes to manage and dispose

of wastes. It can be by discarding, destroying, processing, recycling, reusing, or

controlling wastes.

3. RESIDENT - a person who lives somewhere permanently or on a long-term

basis.

4. RECYCLE - any recovery operation by which waste materials are reprocessed

into products, materials or substances whether for the original or other purposes.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Consumption of natural resources has been increased significantly with the

population explosion around the world. They are recently trying to assess the resource-

saving potential of the supply chain to expand the life span of the resources by the

activities of reuse, reduction, recycle and re-manufacturing. Facing dangerous

situations, triple ‘R’s (Recycling, Reuse, and Re-manufacturing) in the supply chain are

very important for reducing GHG emission, increasing sustainability, restoring natural

wealth thus keeping the Earth green and clean. Recycling is a process that converts the

used material into usable after processing. Waste recycling can help to solve the

problem of scarcity of raw materials. Recycling rare earth metals plays a significant role

in reverse logistics (Swain and Mishra Citation2019). Waste recycling can help to

solve the problem of scarcity of raw materials. Recycling rare earth metals plays a

significant role in reverse logistics.

 Triple-R supply chain (TRSC) plays a vital role in rising sustainability (Modak,

Panda, and Sana Citation 2016). Generally, the cost of a new product from raw

materials is more than remanufactured products (Panda, Modak, and Cárdenas-

Barrón Citation 2017). So, the use of end-of-life products has become a vital business

issue today. It provides a major economic opportunity to the manufacturers.

It is calculated that if all the five centres would be engaged for the reuse and

recycle, 2200 tons of waste are to be reduced every year which is equivalent to 800

tons of CO2 (Ordóñez et al. Citation 2019).

Recovered paper is one of the best managed secondary materials, boasting high

recovery and recycling rates around the world. Recovered paper is both a technically

and environmentally sound raw material and an important global trade commodity.

Globally, recovered paper is the most important raw material for the paper and board

industry by volume (Ristola, 2012).

If recycling targets are made mandatory, then there has to be a way to reliably

calculate recycling rates for the materials in question, like household waste and paper.

Such calculations should be applicable even when considering voluntary commitments.

The EC has stated that the reliable reporting of statistical data concerning waste
management is paramount in order to efficiently implement and ensure a level playing

field between the Member States (EC, 2014).

The depletion of natural resources, and its associated waste production, has

been linked to unsustainable human attitudes and behaviours. Nevertheless, an

understanding of the thought processes and activities behind the generation of waste

may offer new perspectives on how to encourage waste prevention, including resource

conservation efforts, without a dramatic change to human behaviours and lifestyles.

Waste production is a complex issue confronting local, national, and international

governments. Its management may require the integration of inter-disciplinary

worldviews while its understanding may be further enhanced using various socio-

cultural perspectives. As a result, numerous studies have been conducted within the

realms of waste management, many of which focused on socio-demographic and

psychological aspects of waste production and management. Findings from these

studies have inspired different environmental policies, including legal frameworks that

instigated the design of many waste management strategies around the world

(Adekunle Oke and Joanneke Kruijsen 2016)

 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

This chapter explains various methodologies that were used in gathering data and

analysis which are relevant in the research. The methodologies will include areas such

as the location of the study, research design, sampling and sample size, types of data,

data collection method and its management.

RESEARCH PROCEDURE

•Data Gathering

The data for this study was gathered through survey questionnaires. The survey

questionnaires are subsequently forwarded to the residents residing in Sitio Crosan,

Bulacao Talisay City for dissemination; moreover, respondents can complete the

survey. The data accumulated from the respondents' information will be

automatically encoded; furthermore, graphs will display that the researchers will

examine afterward.

TREATMENT OF DATA

The researcher carefully examined the data collected from the survey questionnaires. In

analyzing and further understanding of recycling materials into making a certain product

and the effects of it towards the people in the community, the percentage tool were

applied to identify the research variables.