1

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
MIMAROPA Region
Schools Division of Oriental Mindoro
AURELIO ARAGO MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Leido, Victoria
301613

Battery Powered Automatic Waste Classificator Bin

( BPAWC Bin )

By

JERIZ EVALAINE V. ESTEBAN

ROVI ANN MAE H. LIDEM
JESSAMAE D. MANSUETO
SSC 10 Aristotle Researchers

GLECY M. ALQUIZA Ed.D

Research Teacher/ Head Teacher III

S.Y. 2022-2013
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Table of Contents
Title Page 1
Table of Contents 2
Acknowledgement 3
Abstract 4
Introduction 5
a. Statement of the Problem 10
Methodology
a. Materials 12
b. General Procedure 15
c. Data Gathering 17
d. Risk Reduction 20
e. Waste Management 21
Results and Discussion 21
Conclusion 27
Recommendation 28
References 29
Appendix 31
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are grateful to the persons who are instrumental for

the completion of this study. As they started and eventually finished this

study, they were never alone because good people genuinely support

them.

They express the greatest gratitude to the Almighty God for His

blessings and guidance throughout the completion of this study.

They are thankful to Dr. Glecy M. Alquiza their research adviser,

for her valuable suggestions and encouragement for this study; and Mrs.

Dignalyn Perez and Sir Arnold Janssen Perez, AAMNHS Tech4Ed Center

manager, for their reference materials and internet connection.

They are also grateful to Mr. Lloren Marcelo Muhammad Ameen

and Mr. Arcee Cruz Bernabe for their help and guidance throughout the

making of this product.

They would also like to acknowledge Mr. Noah Red Mindo, Mr.

Noah Serano, and Mr. Noli Aguila for helping and sharing their

knowledge in Arduino.

They are also appreciative of Mr. and Mrs. Esteban, Mr. and Mrs.

Mansueto, and Mr. and Mrs. Lidem for their moral and financial support

leading to the success of this study.

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ABSTRACT
Battery Powered Automatic Waste Classificator Bin

Even with high-end technology, waste pollution worsens due to the

rising population. The growing number of people strains Waste
Management efforts. So, to practice the knowledge of waste classification
and segregation, and contribute to environmental cleanliness, the study
of Battery Powered Automatic Waste Classificator Bin was conducted.
It is a storage garbage bin separated into three sections, equipped
with a metal sensor and a capacitive sensor to classify wastes as either
paper, plastic, or metal. Once recognized, the lid of that waste section
would open. Three experiments were conducted for the accuracy of waste
classification, speed of recognition, and the maximum weight capacity of
paper, plastic, and metal, consequently.
All waste were correctly classified, however the paper and plastic
recognition have a small discrepancy. Due to that, metallic wastes were
the quickly identified, then paper and the slowest, plastic. On the
contrary, paper had the greatest maximum weight capacity, then metal,
and plastic to which had the least maximum weight capacity.
These results proved: that the sensors accurately classified metal
wastes, while plastic and paper recognition had small discrepancy; that
the metal wastes are the easiest and fastest to be identified; and that the
bin has an overall maximum weight capacity of 26 kilograms. The
product was suggested for use in mid-high-density populated areas,
which is to be checked every four days. Moreover, emphasizing the
difference in properties of paper and plastic would help with the addition
of micro cameras, was recommended.

Rovi Ann Mae Lidem Jeriz Evalaine V. Jessamae Mansueto

Introduction Esteban
SSC 10 Aristotle SSC 10 Aristotle
SSC 10 Aristotle
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The world generates 2.01 billion tons of municipal solid waste

annually, and at least 33 percent of that is not managed in an

environmentally safe manner (Bhada-tata, Kaza, Yao, & Van Woerden,

2018). With the increasing population and their consumption pattern,

problems regarding solid waste management are rising.

Turkey is the least environmentally friendly waste management

country while Chile has the worst waste disposal system (Global Waste

Index 2022, 2022). According to the article “Waste woes in the world”

(2020), higher-income countries generate at least twice as much waste

per capita than developing countries. Higher-income people not only

consume more goods overall, but they also use up a higher concentration

of packaged and complex durable goods like cars, appliances, and

electronic equipment (Waste woes in the world, 2020). However, in terms

of the total volume of waste, developing countries produce more than half

of total solid waste (Waste woes in the world, 2020). Most developing

countries don't have any organized means of controlling solid waste

(Lemmons, 2023). This is especially the case for least-developed

countries. Also, the scarcity of land—the critical resource for landfilling

(or dumping)—makes these countries’ waste disposal problems especially

serious (Waste woes in the world, 2020).

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The Philippines, alone, generates an estimated 43,684 tons of

garbage daily, including 4,609 tons of plastic waste, according to

government data (Sarmiento, 2018). Even though, there is already a law

and establishments for proper waste management, many of the citizens

still don’t follow. Although the law Republic Act 9003 or the Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, defines the establishment material

recovery facilities, the law does not mandate individual barangays to

operate individual MRFs. Facilities can be shared among clusters of

barangays. Moreover, from 42,044 barangay, only 13,612 served by

MRFs (Bersales, 2018; Enp.tinio, 2022). That is why there are still

citizens punished for violating provisions on the establishment and

operations of open dumps (Enp.tinio, 2022).

The city of Manila is one of the worst examples of places having

severe waste management problems. It is the location of one of the

biggest dumps – the huge trash mountain called Payatas. Explained in

the web article, “Garbage Challenges in Developing Countries” (2023),

residents there generate 8,000 tons of garbage each day, but for years,

the government did not collect the garbage or educate the public about

recycling or other waste reduction options. As a result, the city's garbage

simply piled up at numerous dumps, which attracted flies, rats, and

other vermin.
 7

In the province of Oriental Mindoro, one the places installed with

MRFs is the city of Victoria. In order for the people to properly dispose

and segregate waste, the local government issued a policy stating that in

the day of collection, garbage collectors will not collect unsegregated

waste. Due to this, people have begun to differentiate their waste into

proper containers. A lot of projects about waste management also

started. However, there are still some who carelessly discard their trash

as long as there’s a bin for it, and some litter without a care for its

environmental effect.

Schools have also begun to increase discipline in waste disposal

and segregation. Aurelio Arago Memorial National High School

implements a strict rule that every class’s waste must all be properly

segregated before bringing it to the garbage collectors; otherwise, the

waste would be left in the class, no matter how many, until the next day

of collection. Still, there are thousands of students, and not everyone

follows a rule enforced. Upon checking the waste bins of the students,

some were found to have mixed waste in their bin. Undisciplined

students also dispose their waste carelessly if it’s not their class’s bin.

Undisciplined actions and insufficient knowledge of the people

towards proper waste management leads to garbage pollution harming

the environment and human health. To solve improper waste disposal

and poorly managed landfills that generate pollution harmfully affecting

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the people and the environment, waste management solutions are

urgently needed (Admin, 2021).

One of the most popular solutions without jeopardizing the

environment or human health is the decentralized waste management. It

is about the citizens of every community taking ownership of their waste

and segregating it within their premise before sending the waste to a

centralized large facility or often landfill (Admin, 2020). Waste

segregation is the sorting and separation of waste types to facilitate

recycling and correct onward disposal (Davies, 2023).

The most important part of this project is educating the masses

about the segregation of waste at the source which is the need of the

hour. Post-collection segregation takes longer, costs more and can wind

up harming the environment if it leads to recyclable waste being sent to

landfill (Importance of Waste Segregation, 2017). Waste segregation is an

economically beneficial prospect that makes recycling much easier,

promoting the optimized use of our resources and helps in conserving it

for future generations (Waste Segregation, 2019).

Clearly marked containers for different kinds of wastes are needed

to make segregating much easier. Nowadays, garbage bins have

technologically improved. Automatic segregation machines are now being

used. One of the many automatic segregating machines is i-Bin, an

intelligent trash bin for automatic waste segregation and monitoring

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system. It is a trash bin equipped with sensors, which can intelligently

segregate waste system that provides monitoring report of waste

collection (Pamintuan et al., 2019).

Automatic segregating machines make waste segregation easier

and faster. However, it makes the people dependent on the machine

alone. Proper self-discipline is a must-have to solve these increasing

waste problems from the root. Battery Powered Automatic Waste

Classificator Bin is made to foster self-discipline within the people,

especially in students.

Battery Powered Automatic Waste Classificator Bin is a battery

powered trash bin that uses Arduino boards and sensors to

automatically recognize the type of waste, specifically paper, plastic, and

metal and segregate into three compartments. Once it recognizes what

type of waste the material is, the lid of one of the three compartments for

paper, plastic, and metal will base on the type of waste recognized by the

sensors.

The project aims to provide another futuristic approach in

practicing the people’s knowledge of proper waste classification and

segregation and in raising awareness of proper waste management. By

doing so, the accumulated waste will be properly segregated while in the

process of educating the masses about the importance of proper waste

management.
 10

Battery Powered Automatic Waste Classificator Bin is not an

automatic segregation machine. This product is only programmed to

recognize only non-biodegradable materials namely paper, plastic, and

metal. Furthermore, this project is most preferable to be used in

educational institutions, specifically schools.

The youth having awareness to the problems caused by

undisciplined waste disposal and segregation and practicing that

knowledge daily will help in solving waste related problems harming both

the environment and human lives. Battery Powered Automatic Waste

Classificator Bin is an automatic non-biodegradable waste classification

machine that aims to instill the knowledge and habit of proper waste

segregation. We must cut the problem at its roots, otherwise it would not

be completely solved.

Statement of Problems

There are problems to determine the capabilities and limitations of

Battery Powered Automatic Waste Classificator Bin .

1. What is the accuracy rate of Battery Powered Automatic Waste

Classificator Bin in waste type recognition?

1.1 Paper

1.1.1 Paper

1.1.2 Carton
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1.1.3 Folder

1.1.4 Paper plate

1.1.5 Paper cup

1.2 Plastic

1.2.1 Plastic Bag

1.2.2 Plastic spoon

1.2.3 Plastic fork

1.2.4 Plastic cup

1.2.5 Plastic ware

1.3 Metal

1.3.1 Tin can

2. What is the speed in milliseconds of Battery Powered Garbage

Recognizer Bin in waste type recognition?

2.1 Paper

2.1.1 Paper

2.1.2 Carton

2.1.3 Folder

2.1.4 Paper plate

2.1.5 Paper cup

2.2 Plastic

2.2.1 Plastic Bag

2.2.2 Plastic spoon

2.2.3 Plastic fork

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2.2.4 Plastic cup

2.2.5 Plastic ware

2.3 Metal

2.3.1 Tin can

3. What is the maximum weight capacity of Battery Powered Garbage

Recognizer Bin?

3.1 Paper

3.2 Plastic

3.3 Metal

Methodology

a. Materials

The materials and equipment used in the study were the pieces

1x2 rectangular aluminum tubes were cut into 6 pieces measuring 48

inches, 8 pieces measuring 30- inch aluminum tubes, and 16 pieces

measuring 14-inch, plywood scraps, scrap of galvanized iron sheets,

2 pieces of stainless steel door hinges, plywood scraps, 1 angle

grinder, 1 hand rivet gun, 1 electric drill, 24 pieces of 1x1 aluminum

angle bars, soldering iron, 1 box of 4x4 rivets, 1 piece of a 1/8 drill

bit, 3 pieces of SG 92R micro servo motors, male-male and female-

male: Jumper DuPont wire cable Arduino's connecting wire, 1 piece

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Armak electrical tape, 7 pieces BZ 3000mAh 3.7 18650 battery, 1

inductive proximity metal detection servo switch LJ12A3-4-Z/BX

NPN, 1 capacitive proximity sensors LJC18A3-B-2/BY, 1 mega 2560

R3 mother board, 1 USB cable, 2 wheel with stopper, 2 wheel and 1

solder-less PCB breadboard with 830 tie points.

The materials and equipment used in the study are as follows:

4pieces of 48 inches 3 servo motors Bread board

8pieces of 30 inches
12pieces of 14 inches

1 capacitive Galvanized iron Plywood Scraps

sensors sheets-49 inches
by 31 inches
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2 male-male 7 Rechargable battery Battery

wire connector

2 wheels with
1 female-male 2 wheels
stopper
wire
without

Inductive sensor USB connector

and Mega Arduino
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b. General Procedure
To build the bin, the researchers requested the help of skilled

adults for the following procedure:

With the use of an angle grinder, the 6 pieces of 1X2 aluminum

were cut into shorter pieces, 6 pieces measuring 48 inches, 8 pieces

measuring 30- inch aluminum tubes, and 16 pieces measuring 14-inch,

plywood scraps. Then the cut pieces of aluminum tubes were used as the

frame of the bin and the lid. The bin was constructed as a rectangular

prism with the 48-inch aluminum tubes as the width, the 14-inch tubes

as the length, and the 30-inch tubes as the height. The tubes were

attached using rivets in the parts with the angle bars. The other six

pieces of 14-inch tubes were attached in between the 48-inch tubes, with

16 inches of space each, used to indicate the partition for the three

sections of waste classifications. The last two pieces of 48-inch tubes and

two pieces of 14-inch tubes were used as the base of the lid, also

attached using rivets. The shorter tubes were attached to the end sides of

the longer tubes, in between them. The lid frame was fixed to the bin

using two door hinges.

The exterior was fastened using rivets. Scraps of plywood were

used as the surface of the bin. It was also put on the bottom side of the

lid, with a square cut from its center, to support the electronic

components of the product. On the other hand, scraps of galvanized iron

sheets were used as the surface of the lid. Three holes were drilled in the
 16

bottom center of the iron sheets to fit the sensors. Then, the bin was

finished by coloring the base with cream paint and painting the lid

brown.

Cut rectangular Attached tubes Side frames

aluminum tubes with rivets

Fastened long angle Finished garbage Frames are bridged

bars bin base

Attached lid to the Scrap plywood used for Plywood attached

body cover to the lid

Covered lid with Place aluminum Lid bottom

galvanized iron tubes above the complete
plywood
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Square-cut lid Fastened wheels Paint

c. Data Gathering

The following procedures were done to collect the data

1. Accuracy rate of Battery Powered Automatic Waste Classificator Bin

in waste type recognition.

There are 3 sections in the trash bin: paper, plastic, and metal. To

test it, various wastes of each classification were prepared by the

researchers. Mobile cameras were prepared to record the footage of the

lights o the bottom side of the sensors. If the inductive sensor lights, the

waste is a metal, and if the capacitive sensor lights, it is a paper. When

both didn’t light, the waste is a plastic.

The wastes were placed barely above the sensors to be detected.

For the paper section: writing paper, cartons, folders, paper plates, and

paper cups were prepared. The researchers scanned the wastes through

the sensors once and let it stay for one second, then removed it from the
 18

detection range. This was done to all the paper wastes prepared. After all

the paper wastes were done, the researchers stop recording and labeled

the video “Paper Classification”.

For the plastic section, plastic bags, plastic spoons, plastic forks,

plastic cups, and plastic wares were prepared. The researchers started

recording the lights before experimentation. The wastes were scanned

only once. After the wastes were all detected, the video recorded were

collected and named “Plastic Classification”.

Lastly, in the metal section, tin cans were used in all five trials.

The procedure done was the same as in plastic and paper wastes. The

experimentation and lights were recorded in a video, and after all the

trials, it was collected and named “Metal Classification”.

The researchers watched the clips and recorded their findings in

tables.

2. The speed (in milliseconds) of Battery Powered Garbage Recognizer

Bin in waste type recognition.

The researchers prepared the wastes to be classified, a cellphone

stopwatch, and pen and notes beforehand. The indication that the

detection has finished is the moment when the servo motor connected to

the lid starts to move.

 19

For the paper section, the researchers prepared writing paper,

carton, folder, paper plate, and paper cup. Before the experiment began,

the researchers have a cellphone stopwatch ready in hand. The

experiment started by raising the waste and starting the timer. As soon

as the timer started, the researcher swiped one of the different kinds of

paper waste, for each trial, just barely above the sensors. There were five

trials done in total for paper wastes. After one detection, the researchers

stopped the time.

For the plastic section, plastic bag, plastic spoon, plastic fork,

plastic cup and plastic ware were prepared. The researchers have the

cellphone stopwatch ready before experimentation. The experiment

started by raising one of the wastes and starting the timer. As soon as

the timer started, the researcher swiped one of the different kinds of

plastic waste, for each trial, just barely the sensors. After one trial, the

researchers stopped and recorded the time.

Tin cans were prepared for the metal section. The researchers

readied the stopwatch and scanned the cans. Five trials were done in

total. After each trial, time was stopped and recorded.

The recorded times in notes were then organized in rows from trial

1 to trial 5. The average of the times of the five trials of each waste

classification were calculated.

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3. Maximum weight capacity of Battery Powered Garbage Recognizer Bin

The researchers prepared a 60-kilogram weighing scale, different

wastes of paper, plastic, and metal, and notes.

The bin of each waste section were filled with the wastes of their

classification. The wastes were collected in a large sack before putting in

the bins to know the right amount to be weighed. Then the waste sacks

were weighed from metal, plastic, and paper, respectively. The sack

weighed was kept on the scale until the weight was noted. After weighing

was done, all sacks containing wastes were removed from the product.

The recorded notes of weights were then written on tables.

C. Risk Reduction

To reduce the risk of potential harm and injuries, the researchers

requested the assistance of experienced adults in the process of making

the product. Moreover, the researchers were given much assistance in

making the base of the bin by a professional, especially when using tools

like the angle grinder and driller and when using complex work like

cutting aluminum bars. After handling wastes, the researchers washed

their hands with soap an water to avoid the risk of being infected by

bacteria.
 21

D. Waste Disposal

After making the product, the researchers properly placed all the

tools and the excess electrical materials in a tool box, hidden at a

cabinet. The waste materials were properly segregated and were disposed

accordingly. The paints used were properly sealed and put away out of

reach of children.

Results and Discussion

1. Accuracy rate of Battery Powered Automatic Recognizer Bin in

waste classification.

Five trials were conducted to test how correctly the product can

distinguish the waste according to the three classifications of plastic,

paper, and metal. Table 1 shows the results of accuracy level of the bin

obtained through ranking. Of the three waste bins, the highest mean

obtained was 3, followed by a mean of 2.8, and the lowest mean was 2.6

meaning correct recognition.

With the paper waste classification, the gathered results from the

five trials were rated 2 ,3 ,2 ,3, and 3 respectively. The data gave an

average of 2.6. The sensors correctly identified paper waste, but there are

times it fails to recognize it at all. The sensors confuse paper for plastic

due to both having low metallic component, and some paper waste also

having low capacitive value.

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The plastic wastes have the second highest mean which was 2.8

meaning correct recognition. The sensors correctly identified the paper

for four trials except for one. There are times the sensors confuse paper

for plastic due to some plastic having higher capacitive value comparable

to that of paper.

The metal classification was averagely rated 3 for correct

recognition. All the trials for tin cans were correctly classified thus rated

3. Due to the only waste classification with metallic content the sensors

easily recognize it belongs to the metal bin.

Proper recognition and segregation are an essential factor in waste

management to save the environment. It is important to correctly identify

and classify wastes so that they can be appropriately managed according

to environmental regulations. By doing so we can also prevent accidents

and harms from improper disposal of hazardous, medical, and chemical

wastes. In addition, we can also collect reusable or recyclable wastes and

maximized their use and value. Then less wastes will go to landfills

making it better for the people and environment

According to the web article “806 know your waste” (n.d.), accurate

identification of waste is important because it allows us to manage our

wastes effectively and in an environmentally sound manner. Separating

paper from plastic or removing hazardous wastes ensures each type can
 23

be processed safely and appropriately, with the maximum amount of

wastes then being sent for recycling (WILLIS,2013)

Table 1. Accuracy rate of Battery Powered Automatic Recognizer Bin in

waste classification
Type of Waste Trials Mean Description
1 2 3 4 5

Paper 2 3 2 3 3 2.6 Correct

recognition
Plastic 3 3 3 2 3 2.8 Correct
recognition
Metal 3 3 3 3 3 3 Correct
recognition

Rating Scale:
1- No Recognition
2- Wrong Recognition
3- Correct Recognition

2. The speed (in milliseconds) of Battery Powered Automatic Waste

Classificator Bin in waste type recognition.

Five trials were conducted each for paper plastic and metal. to test

how fast the sensors can recognize the waste classification. accordingly.

Table 3 shows the result of the average speed of recognition in

milliseconds of the 3-waste classification the fastest time obtained was

496 milliseconds, followed by 597 milliseconds, and the slowest was

691.5 milliseconds.
 24

The results obtained from the 5 trials of paper wastes were 0, 515,

0, 671, 605 milliseconds, respectively. The data gave an average time of

597 milliseconds. This was the average time for three trials only. The first

and third trial has no speed recorded due to the sensors having

recognition.

The average time for plastic waste was 691.5 milliseconds. This

came from the recorded times of 849, 754, 667, 0, and 496 milliseconds.

The average time was only for four trials. The sensors were having

trouble recognizing plastic for the fourth trial.

On the other hand, metallic waste has the fastest recognition time

of 59 milliseconds obtained from averaging the results of the 5 trials

which were 458, 58, 51, 68 and 67 milliseconds. Recognizing metal

waster, it is the only waste, classes was the fastest because and metal

sensor with metallic can be easily recognized by the metal sensor

These results mean that after 597, 691.5 and 496 milliseconds of

paper, plastic and metal section, respectively, the lid would be open at a

90 angle. It is an important, feature for smart garbage bins. This is proof

of the product will functioning. The lid opening prevents transferring

bacteria from the bin to the users. Knowing the speed of opening the lid

will let the users when to throw their waste. The purpose of the product

will be wasted if the lid does not show speedy opening.

 25

Post collection segregation take longer, cast more, can wind up

harming the environment if it leads to recyclable waste being sent to land

fill (Importance of waste segregation, 2017).

Table 2. Speed in milliseconds of Battery Powered Garbage Recognizer

Bin in waste type recognition
Type of Waste Trials AVERAGE
TIME
1 2 3 4 5

Paper 0 515 0 671 605 597

Plastic 849 754 667 0 496 691.5

Metal 458 363 591 680 388 496

3) The maximum weight capacity of Battery Powered Automatic Waste

Classificator Bin

Three experiments. conducted to know how much weight of waste,

the product can. hold at maximum capacity. Table 2 shows the result of

the maximum weight capacity of the bins. The heaviest load was 14

kilograms, while the lightest was 4 Kilograms. The middle weight 10

kilograms.

In the paper bin, it can hold up to 14 kilograms worth of waste.

This is when filled with purely stacks of paper only little gaps. Still how

many bins can hold depends on the size of the waste.

 26

Plastic bin can hold plastic waste with the total weight of 4

kilograms. The maximum weight capacity of the plastic bin is the lightest

due to containing plastic bottles that consume much more space than

paper does.

On the other hand. maximum 8 kilograms of waste can be

disposed in the metal bin. It is heavier than the plastic bin, but lighter

than the paper bin. This is due to the tin cans having to consume larger

space on the bin.

Knowing the maximum weight capacity of the chosen garbage bin

is very important. A trash can too small will fill up quickly and regular

emptying. Usually, the maximum capacity determines the size of garbage

bins

In addition, garbage bins are shaped depending on the c capacity

and how to use it for the right environment. It would be waste of a

garbage bin, not fit for how it would be used.

Furthermore, according to Davis (2023) it is easier to understand

general waste output. This knowledge can be used know how much

waste are produced in a certain time frame.

 27

Table 3. Maximum weight capacity of Battery Powered Automatic

Garbage Recognizer pin.

Waste Capacity (kg)

Paper 14

Plastic 4

Metal 8

Total 26

Conclusion

From the results of this study, the following conclusions were made:

1. The sensors of the bin were able to correctly recognize metallic

waste. It can classify paper waste from plastic waste with small

discrepancies.

2. Metal wastes were the easiest and quickest to be identified from

paper and plastic wastes.

3. The garbage storage shed has an overall maximum capacity of 26

kilograms of waste.
 28

Recommendation

This study could help in promoting adequate knowledge regarding

proper waste recognition and segregation.

Here are some recommendations for the study:

1. The product can accurately classify metal wastes and have only

little lapses in differentiating paper and plastic wastes. So, to have

a more accurate classification, a deeper understanding of the

difference in composition and structure of paper and plastic is a

must.

2. Metal and capacitive sensors were used for recognizing each waste

classification, and to include visual differences, using micro

cameras were suggested.

3. The garbage bin was recommended to be used in mid-high-density

areas, which are to be checked every 4 days.

 29

Reference List

Bag thickness standards - what is a mil. 1 Bag at a Time. (2017, May 15).
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%20identification%20is%20a%20crucial,disposed%20of%20by
%20environmental%20regulations.
Bersales, L. G. S. (2018, April 24). 12 new barangays established in the
first quarter of 2018. Philippine Statistics Authority.
https://psa.gov.ph/content/12-new-barangays-established-first-
quarter-2018
Davies, R. (2023, February 8). The importance of waste segregation: Axil-
is blog. Axil Integrated Services. https://axil-is.com/blogs-
articles/waste-segregation/
Enp.tinio. (2022, April 7). 15 statistics about solid waste management in
the Philippines that every Filipino should know (updated 2022!). EnP
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Is It Getting Too Crowded For Comfort?. The world counts. (n.d.).
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environmental-problems
Lemmons, R. (2023, March 19). Garbage challenges in developing
countries - waste management. Climate Policy Watcher.
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ge-challenges-in-developing-countries.html

Pamintuan, M., Mantiquilla, S. M., Reyes, H., & Samonte, M. J. (2019). I-

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Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication
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https://doi.org/10.1109/hnicem48295.2019.9072787

Sarmiento, B. S. (2018, October 30). Plastic trash from the 'Sachet

economy' chokes the Philippines' seas. Mongabay Environmental
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the-sachet-economy-chokes-the-philippines-seas/
 30

Waste woes in the world. IMF. (2020, January 31).

https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/01/31/waste-woes-
in-the-world
WEKA Industrie Medien GmbH. (2022, March 18). Global waste index
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management-world.com/research/global-waste-index-2022-
ranking-the-biggest-waste-polluters-worldwide/ sss
Willis, S. (2023, January 25). Ai and waste recognition - why it works so
well. Recycleye. https://recycleye.com/ai-waste-recognition- why-
it-works-so-well/
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Appendix

Maximum capacity of paper, plastic, and metal, respectively.

acy rate in waste recognition of paper, plastic, and metal,

ctively.

Final Product