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One of the issues today is the rise in garbage. Many of them are strewn

across the street or within the school as a result of improper rubbish disposal.

The proper waste disposal reduces the risk of environmental pollution, prevents

the spread of disease, and ensures that the environment is safe and healthy for

all living creatures. World Health Organization (WHO) 2021.

The research on this subject has caused great hardship in many different

nations. A related problem to improper trash disposal is land pollution, which

occurs when waste ends up on the ground or another area of land that people

should not be disposing of it on (Clean Environment, 2021). Any waste that does

not end up in landfills or other disposal locations frequently makes its way into

the ocean or other bodies of water, causing water pollution. (Clean Environment,

2021) Improper waste disposal contributes to air pollution, which in turn causes

an excess of gases to enter the atmosphere and result in these issues.

Additionally, in the Philippines, according to Coracero et al. (2021) there has

been a continuous rising amount of waste and is expected to further increase in

the succeeding years. In this case, many of us can get illness which can lead to

unhealthy life style and environment. As reviewed associated problems with solid

waste management in the country include an increasing amount of solid waste

this can cause economic impact on our country. Waste pollution not only affects
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the health of our communities living creatures and ecosystem, it also has real

and very significant economic impact.

The same situation is experienced in our locality especially in Molopolo

National Highschool in which problem in improper waste disposal not only in

classroom but also in the canteen or within the vicinity of the school is very

evident. Thus, the researchers seek to find answer to the existing problem

mentioned above.

Research Gap

Research on the improper waste disposal has grown significantly in recent

years, with many studies exploring it. Despite the wealth of research in this area,

there are still several research gap that need to be addressed, highlighting the

urgency and need for further studies. One research gap is the impact of informal

waste management practices.

Purpose of the Study

The objective of this study is to let the students, residence and adjacent

community living around of Molopolo NHS know what are the reason of unending

pursuit of improper waste disposal. Moreover in that way the people or student

living around the Molopolo NHS knows the proper way of disposing their

garbage, in addition it can minimize the spreading of garbage in the area.

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Research Question

This following question will help us to know what are the different reasons

why this problem got worst in Molopolo NHS.

1.What are the methods they used in disposing their waste?

2.What are the factors that causes these problems?

3.What are the reasons why they cannot able to segregate their own garbage?

Theoretical Lens

The Theory of planned Behavior is one theoretical framework that can

assist in illuminating the root reasons of incorrect garbage disposal. According to

this theory, beliefs, social norms, and perceived behavioral control all play a role

in shaping how people behave. Social norms are what people perceive to be the

expectations of others, attitudes are how people feel about a behavior, and

perceived behavioral control is how much control they feel they have over a

behavior. (Ajzen, 2019)

The willingness of people to appropriately dispose of their garbage might

be influenced by attitudes in the context of waste disposal. For instance,

someone may be less likely to recycle if they think it's difficult, time-consuming,

or not worth the effort. Social norms

Significance of the Study

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This study designed to provide sector opportunities and a participation

Implementation of building a waste-free community through composting in

Molopolo NHS. To help this problem the researchers came up with this issue,

and the school campus

Limitation and delimitation

The main concern of the study is to find a solution of the improper waste

disposal in the problems in MOLOPOLO NHS and it will only be conducted in this

SY 2022-2023. The study includes only the grade 10 section Del Pilar students in

Molopolo NHS. The researchers will limit the number of participants atleast 8

students, each participants is given the same research question to answer.

Especially the improper waste disposal which is the most evident. This includes

the study of different ways of waste disposal observed in the Molopolo NHS, the

analysis of why the residence in Molopolo NHS do this that causes the problem

and what could be the effects of their lack in proper waste disposal to the

environment and to their health. To sum it up, this study will solely focus on the

improper waste disposal and the solution to the problem which is the compost pit

with a movable shredder and mixer attached to the cover of the compost pit. It

will not discuss and/or elaborate the other problems in the school.

Definition of terms
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Improper waste disposal: The disposal of waste materials in a manner that

does not adhere to standard environmental regulations and standards, resulting

in negative effects on human health and the environment.

Waste Management: The collection, transportation, recycling, treatment

and disposal of waste materials in manner that is safe for human health and the

environment.

Pollution: The release of harmful substances into the environment that has

a negative impact on the health of living organisms and the ecosystems.

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This research shows the related concepts, definitions and classification

about solid waste management and composting.

Solid Waste Management

According to Iyyanki Muralikrisha and Vali Manickman (December, 2018).

Without an effective and efficient waste management program, the waste

generated from various human activities both industrial and domestic can result

in health hazards and have a negative impact on the environment. An effective

and efficient waste management program is a way for an area to have a clean

and safe environment.

Treatment and disposal methods depends on the type of problem that any

community has. Residents or any responsible citizen of the community are able

to conduct an appropriate solution for the sake of their environment. Based on

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their research, it is also said that various human activity can result a negative

impact that can also cause health hazards to the residents. Proper discipline and

awareness of residents is needed. Nowadays the main problem of some people,

that causes growing rate of garbage problem that also affect air pollution, water

and soil contamination, floods excessive breeding of rodents and vermin (Clark J

2019).

However, Jaguti, Francoso (2018) claimed that “Biodegradable materials

are substituting the conventional materials in many different applications.

Among these an important class is the biodegradable polymer, also known as

ecofriendly polymers mainly due to their ability to erode fast by composting

w/out any toxic affect.” Solid waste management can be done in different eco-

friendly ways. Some of these are creating less waste through reusing, rehoming

for waste removal and refining footprint example is using plastics from mall and

using it again instead of throwing it away, as well as plastic cups that can be

used as pot of plants. Another way is composting as waste removal, where in

waste can be put in compost pit, will decompose, and eventually turn into

fertilizer.

Composting

Composting and vermicomposting are examples of ecofriendly ways of

solid waste management that can turn waste into fertilizer, that nourishes the soil

condition (Barthod, et.al 2018). Composting is valuable as potting media and soil

condition as they increase land available nutrient contents from the waste, while
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decreasing leaching, and heavy metal mobility. It can also reduce the carbon

footprint from the human activities that produce greenhouse gasses emissions

during waste degradation. (Kelling and Coles 2018)

Organic Household waste containing food remnants (citrus fruit and

vegetables peels) can determine what can be composted in home gardens

(Neugebauer, Solowiej, April 2019). Compost pit can be done into different ways,

in the pit dug in the ground and in a container and can be placed in the backyard

and the vacant lot. It can be also beneficial to the everyone in the area.

Benefits and Long Term Effect of Composting

Compost is one of the important organic amendments that can be use in

attaining sustainability in soil and in the environment. The analysis made by the

US environmental protection agency of the impact of compost production and us

in greenhouse gas (GHG) makes of modeling programs that are currently used

for understanding soil carbon balances. The study reveals that compost can

have minimal effect in some emissions related to compost manufacture in some

potential sequestration associated with end use (Brown 2019). Compost pit can

control the carbon footprint that an area can produce. It can also limit the

negative ways of disposing garbage that can pollutes the environment like

burning of the garbage.

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Chapter III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents and clarifies all the details of the procedure followed

in conducting the study. This chapter includes the discussion of the design of the

research and he respondents of the study, research tools and instruments to be

use, sampling design and research locate.

Research Design

The research design for this study is qualitative approach with

phenomenological focus. They determines the problems of Molopolo NHS in

regards to proper disposal of solid waste. This approach is utilized to understand

the specific problem that they are currently experiencing. Through this

experiences, the problem being targeted.

Research Participants

The participants in the study included a random sample of 8 individuals.

The research establishes criteria for participants to meet in order to be eligible for

the interview. A random technique will help reduce bias and increase the

generalizability of the findings within the grade 10 section Del Pilar that currently

studying at Molopolo National High School. The participants answer the following

questions.
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Research Locale

The study will be conduct in Molopolo NHS. Which is located at Molopolo

Kiblawan Davao del Sur. The interviews with the participants will be conduct in

their respective classrooms.

Research tools and Instruments

The researchers be conducting an interviews in Molopolo NHS to know

more about this issues or problem present in the community. In this interview, the

group will divided into two a 4 to 3 members each, and they will be going to

asked the resident on some common questions when it comes on how they

dispose their trashes. Some of the question listed in the questionnaire are about

their knowledge about waste disposal and the appliances that they are using.

Sampling Design

In this study the researcher will use purposive sampling. The researchers

use this method to ask question with the selected residents in Molopolo NHS.

This method help the researcher to gather an information that is credible, about

the proper waste segregation and disposal.

Data Collection

In gathering the data the researcher will conducted this research as face

to face interview. The researcher will be generally able to collect important data’s

from the participants.

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Face to face interview:

The researcher will interview the participants to collect the data. The

researcher attempt to examine the participants thoughts.

Cellphone Audio recorder:

The other tool that will help the researcher gather the data is the audio

recorder. This device will help to record the information clearly during the

individual interviews.

Data Analysis

In analyzing the data, the research used transcription to analyze the data

gathered from personal interviews. Data transcription will be act as transferring

the voice from an audio to a written text done by the researcher of the paper.

After the transcription the researchers will then code the data segmenting them

into chunks of categorized information.

Role of the researchers

The role of the researcher on this study is to collect and analyze the data.

The researcher will present the finding with no bias.

Trustworthiness of the study

The researcher will make sure that the collected data in this study will be

credible and reliable. Moreover the data that being present will ensure the truth

with participants respond during the interview.

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Ethical consideration

The researcher will get consent of the participant before starting the

interview. Before conducting the study, the researcher will discuss the purpose of

the study to the participants. Furthermore the researcher will ensure to maintain

the confidentiality and privacy of the participants personal information.

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Chapter IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter focuses on the results gained by the researchers through

putting together all the data from the interview to the participants. There are 3

main questions were introduced to the participants namely ‘‘What are the

methods they used in disposing their garbage?’’ ‘‘What are the factors that

causes these problems?’’ ‘‘What are the reasons why they cannot able to

segregate their own garbage?’’

The students shared their experiences on disposing their waste, their

responses to the first questions give themes

Table 1: the figure shows participants answer to the question, ‘‘What are the

methods they used in disposing their waste?’’

Theme Categories

Segregation  Biodegradable and

Nonbiodegradable

 Proper waste disposal

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Through the participants, the researchers came up with 1 main theme which is

the proper segregation. This theme has 2 categories which is the biodegradable

and nonbiodegradable.

Segregation is an important component in the waste management chain

as it makes it possible to realize effective Reuse, Recycling and recovery (RRR).

Unfortunately, it has received little attention and is normally informally practiced

in most developing countries (DC). It is also affected by lack of awareness, weak

regulatory framework and a low priority in planning. (Kihila 2021)

Biodegradable waste are waste materials easily degraded or broken down

naturally by factors such as biotic (bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, etc.) and

abiotic (pH, temperature, oxygen, humidity, etc.). Nonbiodegradable waste are

inorganic sources of waste that are not easily decomposed by natural agents,

they can remain on the planet for hundreds of decades (BM Popoola 2022).

‘‘I tarong og segregate og ilain ang malata og ang dili malata ilain sad

pagbutang ang mask.’’ Said DS 1

(You must segregate properl y the biodegradable and nonbiodegradable

And separate the mask.)

Proper waste disposal is always an important problem in this era, where

people are not aware of the waste they produce in their household or institutions.
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Waste is directly linked to human development, both technological and social

(Sanders et.al 2018)

‘‘Hipuson og tarong ang basura og dili patakag labay og basura.’’ Said DS

(You must keep properly your garbage and don’t throw your garbage

anywhere.)

Table 2: This figure shows the participants answer to question, ‘‘What are the
factors that causes these problems?’’
Theme Categories

Irresponsible  Throwing garbage anywhere

 Discipline

Lack of equipment  Garbage

According to Netsol Water Solution PVT, most of us generally

irresponsible to the garbage. We have done a lot of research on waste disposal.

It should come as no surprise then, that despite, although at a slower pace. We

have gone a long way in terms of effectively dealing with waste.

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When the people throw the garbage anywhere, the garbage problem has

become increasingly prominent, and people concept of environmental protection

has been continuously enhanced the garbage (ZhiXiang TAOa 2022).

‘‘Patakag labay sa basura og takag bilin og dili kabalo mohipos.’’ DS 3

(Improper throw of the garbage ang left to the garbage without keeping the

garbage)

Discipline in waste disposal can significantly impact the environment and

human health. According to the United Nations Environment Programme

(UNEP), improper waste disposal can lead to air, water, and soil pollution, which

can cause respiratory illnesses, cancer, and other health effects (Gomathi and

Rajasheker 2018).

“Irresponsible og ibutang rasa ilalom sa bangko bisag asa ra pod ilabay

ang basura’’ DS 6

(The irresponsible of putting garbage under there chair and they throw

garbage anywhere).
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Without proper equipment, waste collection and disposal can become a

dangerous task for workers who handle hazardous waste every day. The lack of

protective equipment, such as gloves, masks, and etc can put workers at risk of

exposure to hazardous waste. (WHO 2018).

Garbage is any unwanted or discarded materials that need to be disposed

of. In the United States, municipal solid waste, which includes garbage,

accounted for about 4.9 pounds per person per day in 2018 (EPA 2020).

“Husahay mahutdan og sako kulang sad og basurahan tungod sad sa

kulang og disiplina.” DS 4
(And sometimes the sack is shortage of supplies and not enough garbage
bin and because of lack of disciplines)

Table 3: This figure shows the participants answer to question, ‘‘What are

the reasons why they cannot able to segregate their own garbage?’’

Theme Categories

Behavioral aspect  Lazy

 Busy
 Usual task

In addition to the legal and environment consequences of littering, there

are also behavioral aspects to consider. Studies have shown that littering often
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occurs in areas where there is already a lot of trash present, known as the

“broken windows” (Kelling & Coles 2018)

Studies have shown that people are generally not motivated to properly

dispose of their waste and tend to be lazy when it comes to waste management

(Gerba 2018).

“Ang katapulan pagmosuol.” Said DS 7

(And the laziness will occur).

Because of busy, improper waste disposal can lead to a wide range of

environmental and health problem. The accumulation of waste in landfills can

contaminate soil and groundwater, emit harmful gases, and contribute to climate

change. In this regard, waste disposal can be a busy and challenging problem to

address (Anand et al. 2020)

“Dili sila maka segregate kay basin wala silay kauban mag segregate ilaha

sad kabusy og basin sad sila naanad walay segregate sa ilahang balay.” Said DS

(They can’t segregate because of not having a partner to segregate and

because of their busyness and because they not used to segregate in their

home.)
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The task of waste and eliminating it through various methods such as

landfilling the task of waste disposal is critical for public health and environmental

protection, and it has become a significant concern in recent years due to the

increasing amount of waste generated by human activities (World Bank 2018).

“Dili sila maka segregate kay basin wala silay kauban mag segregate ilaha

sad kabusy og basin sad sila naanad walay segregate sa ilahang balay.” Said DS

(They can’t segregate because of not having a partner to segregate and

because of their busyness and because they not used to segregate in their

home.)

Chapter V
FINDING, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
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This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusion and

recommendation based on the data analyzed in the previous chapter. These

findings were also concluded and given summative inference. Then from so

incorporated necessary recommendations for the benefit of the participants and

the people involved.

Findings

We found out after analyzing the answer of the participants with

interviewed literature support, the reason for the accumulation of garbage is the

fact that people are irresponsible with their garbage that is placed anywhere so it

increases and the lack of equipment to segregate the garbage.

However the amount of improper trash disposal has been reduced with

some effectiveness through education and enforcement. Littering and illegal

dumping are two examples of improper waste disposal techniques thar are

common in many places. The lack of public awareness of the environmental

impact of littering and illegal dumping contributes to the problem of improper

waste disposal.

On the other hand, Communities and governments must work together to

solve improper garbage disposal. By recycling and composting, less garbage is

dumped in landfills. Inadequate infrastructure and a lack of awareness make

inappropriate trash disposal more common. Inadequate waste disposal

infrastructure in rural areas can lead to environmental pollution.

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Conclusion

To safeguard the environmental and the public’s health, there is a serious

issue with improper trash disposal that needs to be addressed. To discourage

good waste disposal habits and stop illegal dumping and littering, more effective

prevention measures are required.it is impossible to overstate the harm poor

trash disposal causes to the environment and to people’s health. It is crucial that

individuals, families, organization, and government work together and take the

necessary steps toward safe trash disposal in order to address this issue.

Recommendation

Separating waste by recyclable, organic and non-recyclable materials.

This will help to reduce the amount of waste that goes into landfills and promote

recycling. At also we recommend to have a proper MRF in the school.

Other hand educating individual and communities on proper waste

disposal practices. This can include workshop, seminar and educational

campaigns that promote proper waste disposal. it is improper that everyone plays

a role in promoting proper waste disposal practices to protect our environment

and promote a healthy life

REFERENCE
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Anand et.al (2020). Challenges and solution to waste management in developing

countries.
Ajzen (2019). Awareness, Attitude, and Practices in a Philippines Catholic Higher
Education.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/SolidWasteManagementAwarenes
sAttitudeandPracticesinaPhilippinesCatholicHigherEducationInstitution
BM Popoola (2022). Biodegradable waste Intech open.
https://www.intechopen.com
Brown (2019. Challenges and opportunities associated with waste management.
https://royalsocietypublishing
Barthod (2018). Clinical solid waste management practice and its impact on
human health. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Clark (2019). Clark.wa.gov. https://clark.wa.gov/sites
Clean Environment (2021). https://www.clean.comhealth-and-environment
Coracero (2021) Neliti-Liberate Knowledge. https://www.Neliti.com
EPA (2020) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Retrieved https://www.epa.gov/recycle
Gerba, C. (2018) Germs in the garbage: A review of literature on food waste and
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Gomathi, G., & Rajasheker, j. (2018),Discipline practice among parents: a journal
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Jaguti Francoso (2018). Improper solid waste management in Manila.
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Kelling, G.L., & Coles, C.M. (2018) Fixing broken windows: Restoring order and
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Sanders, M.R, Mazzucchelli, T.G and Studman,C.J. (2018) Practitioners manual

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