Solid Waste Disposal: It’s Effect to the Household Members in Purok Masigla

Salawagan Quezon Bukidnon

KYRIE LEXTER CANARECIO

JOHNLOYD LAUGAN

GAUDENCIO CONCON

WENDIE LOVE ADVINCULA

CHERRY MAE YANEZ

A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SENIOR HIGH

SCHOOL DEPARTMENT. SALAWAGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT FOR REQUIREMENT IN

PRACTICAL RESEARCH II

GRADE XII GAS

OCTOBER 2019
Definition of term

1. Bio-medical -of or relating to biomedicine

2. Ecological - a science that deals with the relationship between groups of
living things and there environments.
3. Hazardous - involving risk or danger.
4. Incentives –something that encourages a erson to do something or to work
harder.
5. Mechanisms –a piece of machinery: a mechanical part of group of part
having a particular function.
6. Penalties –punishment of breaking a rule of law.
7. Specialist –a person who has a special knowledge and skill relating to a
particular job, area of study ,etc.
8. Technical –having special and usually practical knowledge especially of a
mechanical or scientific subject.
9. Waste –laws of something valuable that occurs because too much of it is
being used or because it is use is it the way that is not necessary or effective.
10. Worst –worse than all others.
Significance of the study
The result of this study would be of great help to the students, parents,
barangay officials, households, vendors, government, community and readers
in the following ways:

Students. They are given baseline information on the effect of solid waste
disposal to the community

Parent. The parents will be provided with an indispensable data and information on
the relevance of proper disposing of their waste.

Barangay officials. The barangay official will be provided an idea of how they will
solve the problem regarding waste and will be motivated to do their job.

Household. The household will be aware of how solid waste disposal affect their
health and will help them to be responsible enough of disposing there garbage.

Vendors. The vendors will a have a bigger view of the effect of the improper waste
disposal and will help them to dispose there garbage properly.

The government. This study would help the government to know what policies and
regulation they will implement when it comes to proper waste disposal.

Community. This study would encourage every members of the community to take
the responsibility of their own waste .

The readers. This will help the readers to know how the public market vendors of
Purok Masigla Brgy. Salawagan manage their wastes. And also it helps them to
identify the materials used of the said vendors.

Scope and delimitation

This study focus on the effect of solid waste disposal in the health of
the household members using survey questionnaire that will be given to the
randomly selected Thirty(30) respondents from Household Members of Purok
Masigla Barangay Salawagan.
 Chapter 2

Review Related Literature

Information on waste generation is important to determine the most

suitable waste disposal options. Improper waste disposal may cause pollution.
The main purpose in implementing best practice for solid waste management
is to prevent pollution. Pollution is a threat to human and other living organism
Morra (2009).It may also damage the ecosystem and disrupt the natural cycle
and climate on earth Raga(2001).

Economics and environmental aspects of waste disposal option are always

the main issue in choosing the right technology Aye & Widjaya, (2006).
Despite the development of many waste disposal option, landfills remain the
most prominent system applied worldwide Shekdar (2009). Although a lot of
improvement had been possible in the landfilling system and the regulation on
the type of waste that can be treated at landfill is stringent, most of landfills
operated remain primitive Hamer (2003).

Ayomoh (2008) had listed few problems related to improper landfill operation
including, health deterioration, accidents, flood occurrences, pollution of
surface and underground waters, unpleasant odor, pest infestation and gas
explosion. Although the impacts from landfills are known, impacts from other
alternative remain unanswered thus subject to critics Hamer, (2003).

Incineration has been the choice for developed country as they have sufficient
financial input and are looking into energy recovery from waste Imura (2006).
Small country such as Singapore adopts incineration as their waste disposal
option due to scarcity of land Sutanto (2002). Even that, incineration is also
associated with some other risks. This includes the generation of carcinogenic
and toxic compound. It will also produce end products which need further
treatment where it is highly toxic, collectively known as dioxin Hamer (2003).
Some reported that the impacts from incineration are over-emphasized and
the advancing technology had highly reduced the environmental impacts
Morselli (2003). However, many of the countries prefer waste minimization
compared to waste treatment such as landfill or incineration Boyle (2000).
Regardless of the technology chosen, each has its pros and cons. The
information on each disposal option needs to be clarified to determine the
suitable option for each particular country.

Improper waste disposal is one of the existing problems that the Philippines is
facing right now with difficulty as humans are the root of this problem. There
are several studies conducted throughout the past years that deduced the
importance of proper waste disposal in the community and the effects of
improper disposal of the waste to the community, environment, and the health
of the residents. All of these are introduced in this section. According to Khylle
Tumala (January 2015)from her study in the effects of improper waste
disposal in the Philippines, “Improper waste disposal is one of the biggest
environmental issues here in the Philippines. It caused bigger problems that
affect not only the environment but also the health and life of the people. This
problem may be resolve or it will remain problem to the country in the next few
years”. A law in the Philippines approved by the Office on the President on
January 26, 2001 was created in response to the rapidly growing rate of
garbage problems in the country caused by improper waste disposal.
Unfortunately, even though there is a law, improper waste disposal in the
Philippines was ranked 3rd as top source of water contamination in a study on
February 2015. Waste disposal is different from waste management. Proper
waste disposal is needed to properly execute waste management. Waste
Management refers to the recycling, processing, transport, assortment, and
monitoring of waste products. The waste products are mainly of three types:
solid, liquid or in gas state. Solid waste commonly is known as non-
biodegradable waste (UKEssays, 2015). Their study centred on the waste
hierarchy or 3R’s – reduce, reuse, recycle – and explored waste management
as a concept and effect of waste disposal. Without properly executing waste
disposal, difficulty in waste management also emerges. It is also proven that
human activities and lack of discipline are the main reason of improper waste
disposal that makes the problem difficult to resolve.

One of the significant studies that can also be applied to this research is the
“Environmental Impacts of Improper Solid Waste Management in Developing
Countries: A Case Study of Rawalpindi City” Ejaz, Akhtar, Nisar & Ali Naeem
(2010), which discussed and highlighted the main causes of improper solid
waste management in developing countries like improper ways of waste
disposal. An inefficient municipal solid waste management system may create
serious negative environmental impacts like infectious diseases, land and
water pollution, obstruction of drains and loss of biodiversity. Furthermore,
Marianne and Fred Sandford (2015) also claimed that improper hazardous
waste disposal doesn’t just contaminate soil and the local water supply, but it
can also pollute the air. An area with a reputation for a toxic environment can
also be susceptible to lower property values, so not following proper disposal
procedures can even affect the cost of houses' properties. Long term
execution of improper waste disposal of municipal wastes can affect soil and
water properties and productivity. It also produces lethal gases such as
carbon monoxide and methane gas. Disposal of refuse without proper
supervision often amounts damage to the environment and ultimately to the
human body system. A public health physician, Professor Akin Osibogun,
justified that improperly disposed refuse has both direct and indirect health
effects to humans which were observed in the study of how improper waste
disposal damages health Obama (2015). Excessive breeding of rodents and
vermin like rats, cockroaches, mosquitoes, and flies are the direct health
effects caused by improper disposal as those vermin transmit diseases like
leptospirosis, lassa fever and salmonellosis from rats; malaria from
mosquitoes, shigellosis and diarrheal diseases from flies. Indirect health
effects, on the other hand, include the contamination of water and soil from
leachate – a very harmful liquid mixture of chemicals that forms as water flows
from a contaminated area.
Another study, which is about effects of improper garbage disposal Boehlke
(2017), also implied that humans are not the only ones who are affected but
also animals. As water can be contaminated, marine life is also in danger.
When wastes cluster and form algal bloom, it can suffocate and contaminate
everything near it – may it be a habitat which includes corals or an organism
like fishes, mollusks, etc. However, a study in Ecuador which centered around
the development of organic fertilizers from food market waste and urban
gardening by composting Jara-Samaniego, Pérez-Murcia, Bustamante,
Paredes, & Pérez-Espinosa (2017) can reduce the effects of improper waste
disposal and even prevent the pile up of wastes. Biodegradable wastes can
be used for agricultural purposes because of the high concentration that can
be found on organic matters and nutrients contents of the wastes like in food
market and urban gardening wastes that can be managed and recycled
through composting obtaining end-products like compost or fertilizer.

All of the essential components of a landfill, including the liner system,

leachate collection sys-tem, gas collection system, final cover system, surface
water drainage system, environmental monitoring system and closure and
post closure plan have been designed and are discussed elsewhere Sharma
(2002).Development of an optimal routing scheme for waste disposal involves
determination of a number of selection criteria, which is a tedious job for a
planner to do manually. Various optimization models are discussed in the
literature. Pelms and Clark (1971)

There are many categories of MSW such as food waste rubbish, commercial
waste, institutional waste, street sweeping waste, industrial waste,
construction and demolition waste, and sanitation waste. MSW contains
recyclables (paper, plastic, glass, metals, etc.), toxic substances(paints,
pesticides, used batteries, medicines), compostable organic matter (fruit and
vegetable peels, food waste) and soiled waste (blood stained cotton, sanitary
napkins, disposable syringes Jha (2003) Reddy and Galab (1998) Khan,
(1994).
The quantity of MSW generated depends on a number of factors such as food
habits, standard of living, degree of commercial activities and seasons. Data
on quantity variation and generation are useful in planning for collection and
disposal systems. With increasing urbanization and changing life styles,
Indian cities now generate eight times more MSW than they did in 1947.
Presently, about 90 mil-lion t of solid waste are generated annually as by
products of industrial, mining, municipal, agricultural and other processes. The
amount of MSW generated per capita is estimated to increase at a rate of 1–
1.33% annually Pappuet (2007) Shekdar (1999) Bhide and Shekdar
(1998).Storage of MSW at the source is substantially lacking in most of the
urban areas. The bins are common for both decomposable and non-
decomposable waste (no segregation of waste is performed), and the waste is
disposed ata communal disposal center. Storage bins can be classified as
movable bins and fixed bins. The movable bins are flexible in transportation
but lacking in durability, while the fixed bins are more durable but their
positions cannot be changed once they have been constructed Nema (2002).

The collection of MSW is the responsibility of corporations municipalities. The

predominant system of collection in most of the cities is through communal
bins placed at various points along the roads, and sometimes this leads to the
creation of unauthorized open collection points. Efforts to organize house-to-
house collection are just start-ing in many megacities such as Delhi, Mumbai,
Bangalore ,Madras and Hyderabad with the help of NGOs. It has been
observed that many municipalities have employed private contractors for
secondary transportation from the communal bins or collection points to the
disposal sites. Others have employed NGOs and citizen’s committees to
supervise segregation and collection from the generation source to collection
points located at intermediate points between sources and dumpsites. In
addition, the welfare associations on specified monthly payment arrange
collection in some urban areas. A sweeper who sweeps the roads manually is
allotted a specific area (around 250 m2 The sweepers put the road wastes
into a wheelbarrow, and then transfer the waste to dustbins or collection
points Colon and Fawcett (2006) Nema, (2004) Malviya (2002) Kan-sal (1998)
Bhide and Shekdar (1998).The two leading innovative mechanisms of waste
disposal being adopted in India include composting (aerobic composting and
vermi-composting) and waste-to-energy(WTE) (incineration, pelletisation,
biomethanation). WTE projects for disposal of MSW are a relatively new
concept in India. Although these have been tried and tested in developed
countries with positive results, these are yet to get off the ground in India
largely because of the fact that financial viability and sustainability is still being
tested Khan (1994).

The bacterial conversion of the organics present in MSW in the presence of

air under hot and moist conditions is called composting, and the final product
obtained after bacterial activity is called compost (humus), which has very
high agricultural value. It is used as fertilizer, and it is non- odorous and free
of pathogens Ahsan (1994).

Increasing population levels, booming economy, rapid urbanization and the

rise in community living standards have greatly accelerated the municipal
solid waste generation rate in developing countries Minghua (2009).

Municipalities, usually responsible for waste management in the cities, have

the challenge to provide an effective and efficient system to the inhabitants.
However, they often face problems beyond the ability of the municipal
authority to tackle Sujauddin (2008)

Past research has identified the stakeholders or people or organizations that

may have an interest in adequate waste management. The stakeholders
reported are: national and local government Shekdar (2009)

The operational efficiency of solid waste management depends upon the

active participation of both the municipal agency and the citizens, therefore,
socio cultural aspects mentioned by some scholars include people
participating in decision making Sharholy (2008),Management deficiencies
are often observed in the municipalities. Some researchers that have
investigated the institutional factors that affect the system have come to the
conclusion that local waste management authorities have a lack of
organizational capacities (leadership) and professional knowledge. Besides
they concluded that the information available is very scanty from the public
domain Chung (2008).
 INTRODUCTION
Republic Act 9003 An Act Providing For An Ecological Solid Waste
Management Program, Creating The Necessary Institutional Mechanisms And
Incentives, Declaring Certain Acts Prohibited And Providing Penalties,
Appropriating Funds Therefore, And For Other Purpose, This Act Shall Be
Known As The "Ecological Solid Waste Management Act Of 2001
Some of the major types of solid waste management are as follows: a.
municipal Solid Waste (MSW), b. Hazardous Wastes, c. Industrial Wastes, d.
Agricultural Wastes, e. Bio-medical Wastes, f. Waste Minimization. In
technical Note, the term ‘solid waste’ is used to include all non-liquid wastes
generated by human activity and a range of solid waste material resulting
from the disaster, such as general domestic garbage such as food waste, ash
and packaging materials; human faeces disposed of in garbage; emergency
waste such as plastic water bottles and packaging from other emergency
supplies; rubble resulting from the disaster; mud and slurry deposited by the
natural disaster; and Allen trees and rocks obstructing transport and
communications. Other specialist wastes, such as medical waste from
hospitals and toxic waste from industry, will also need to be dealt with
urgently, but they are not covered by this technical note (World Health
Organization (2011).

There are many types of waste, in this study the researcher focuses on
market waste in Salawagan public market, purok Masigla Salawagan Quezon
Bukdinon. The types of waste that the Salawagan public market is disposing
are paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, food wastes, glass, metals and
hazardous wastes. Salawagan public market caters to different type of
businesses, from food to agricultural supply, hardware supply and many
others.

The researchers observed that proper waste disposal and delayed garbage
collection in the Salawagan public market affects the cleanliness and health of
the households living within this place. Solid Waste Management should be
implemented because the problem is getting worst every day. Our local
government should make an immediate action to solve this worsening
problem regarding solid waste. The researchers believe that collective action
is necessary because local government cannot solve this problem alone it
needs the cooperation of everybody.

Statement of the problem

The purpose of this study centred on the effect of solid waste disposal

to the household member of Purok Masigla Salawagan,Quezon,Bukidnon

with an aim to evaluate their behaviour and interactions to address the
problem.

A. What is the effect of solid waste disposal in Purok Masigla?

B. What are the causes of improper waste disposal of garbage’s?

C. How does the solid waste disposal affect the health of the household
members?

Objective of the study

This research aimed to determine the effects of Solid Waste Disposal

to the Household members of Purok Masigla Salawagan, Quezon Bukidnon.

The research aspires to:

1. To identify the effect of solid waste disposal in Purok masigla.

2. To determine the waste disposal practices in Purok masigla

3. To identify variety of regulations and policies and related to solid waste

disposal