EXPLORING THE WORKINGS OF GREEN

ANTZ BUILDERS INCORPORATED

ABAD, LUIZ JEGO ADRIAN S.

AVECILLA, PATRICK JAN T.

CHUATECO, CLYDE JOHN C.

DIOLA, ALEANA FELIS B.

ESGUERRA JR., RUFINO G.

HERNANDEZ, HONEY FAYE D.

MANANSALA, JENNA ALISON G.

MANAHAN, JORDAN T.

SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT 

CENTRO ESCOLAR INTEGRATED SCHOOL, CITY OF MALOLOS, BULACAN

 IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS

MARCH 2020
 II

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to thank the people who make this research possible and

would also like to extend their sincerest gratitude to those people who helped, guided, and

motivated them while conducting the study. First to God, who gave guidance and knowledge to

the valuable researchers. To the parents, who gave them inspiration and support over time. To

the teachers, who have instilled information that enables them to conduct the study. To the

previous researchers, who exerted their great effort in providing information that the researchers

have used to support their study. To the Green Antz Builders Incorporated, whom the researchers

honored for letting them used the Green Antz’s company name for the researcher’s study to be

sensible and significant. And lastly, the assistance provided by their research adviser, Mrs.

Candie S. Gatchalian. For her endless education, encouragement, critics, and inspiration for the

success and completion of the study. For giving the researchers hard and critical challenges to

improve their logical abilities and allowing them to work under pressure to train themselves to be

a better researcher, student, and a co-worker.

 III

DEDICATION

The researchers dedicate this study to the future researchers and to the aspiring eco-bricks

manufacturers, who will continue to study and work for our environment to be healthy and

better. The researchers also dedicate this research to the whole community of Centro Escolar

Integrated School for helping them conduct this study. 

 IV

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1.1 FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

FIGURE 1.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

 V

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

DEDICATION

LIST OF FIGURES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

REFERENCES

APPENDICES
 1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter serves as the backbone of the study, in which the researchers share their

knowledge about the destructive plastic waste pollution. This chapter also contains the statement

of the problem, conceptual framework, theoretical framework, the significance of the study,

scope and delimitation, and the definition of terms, where real and universally accepted

meanings and definitions of the words are given. This chapter gives prior knowledge about the

study.

1.1 Introduction

In the current world, where pollution is very evident, waste management is getting out of

hand. The community needs ways to eliminate and reduce pollution, the increasing number of

solid wastes threatens the cleanliness of both the community and the environment (Alison 2015).

Solid waste can contaminate the environment, block sewage systems, and cause worse

consequences. These solid wastes are just abandoned literally everywhere in roadsides, sewages,

waterways, and many more (Leblanc 2020). These solid wastes left scattered in the environment

can cause worse consequences such as floods, chemical contaminations and disruption of the

animal ecosystem. The first synthetic plastic was entirely made from man-made materials which

were created a hundred years ago. Before, it was called Bakelite and was invented by a Belgian

chemist, Leo Baekeland, in the early 1900s. Many people believed that Bakelite was the start of

plastics. A lot of different things can be made from it, meaning, it is everywhere. Over the years

the researchers developed different ways on how to reduce waste, especially on plastics. One of
 2

these companies is Green Antz Builders Incorporated, which discovered a creative and eco-

friendly way of recycling single-use plastic wastes. The Green Antz Builders Incorporated

introduced a way on how to use single-use plastics as a component for building blocks for

buildings called, eco-bricks. What Green Antz does can absolutely help to solve the plastic waste

issue. Plastic pollution is one of the never-ending issues in the world for it has not been resolved

yet. That is why the researchers conduct the study in order to raise awareness about what plastics

can really do to the environment, what is the possibility of it affecting the peoples’ lives, and a

possible solution to end the global problem. The researchers also want to see if the company’s

advocacy is really effective. Aside from what the company is producing, the researchers also

want to seek other ways to help and save the environment. By conducting this study the

researchers want to know the whole concept of the company. Plastic nowadays are greatly

affecting the environment and the present generation must find ways to solve this aggravating

issue. This will help spread awareness to the community about the dangers and risks of plastic.

The researchers focus on understanding the workings, and mission and vision of the company

Green Antz. The researchers also want to help the company to implement the use of eco-bricks

in the country. This study is conducted in Plaridel, Bulacan, the main office of Green Antz

Builders Incorporated.

1.2 Background of the Study

Over the last century, humans have learned how to make synthetic polymers or what

people know today as plastics. The fact that plastics are really helpful cannot be denied and are

very critical in human lives for these are very useful. There are a lot of ways to reduce the use of
 3

plastics; stopping the use of plastic straws, using reusable bags like eco-bags or tote bags instead

of plastic bags and using reusable bottles instead of plastic bottles are some of the examples.

Finding things that are made up of plastic is usual. The problem with plastic is it is not

biodegradable (BBC, 2019). Plastics do not rot like paper or food. Instead, plastics can hang

around the environment for hundreds of years. Experts think that by 2050, the number of plastics

in the ocean will weigh more than the amount of fish. The issue sounds alarming yet, people are

still not taking the fact that everyone’s lives can end anytime if no one is preventing the worst.

But of course, there are still people who care for the environment and people who want to

prevent the use of plastics. 

An eco-brick is a building block made from unrecyclable plastic. Eco-bricks can be used

in all sorts of sustainable building projects, which make them a great way to dispose of the

plastic waste that would otherwise end up in landfills and ocean. Eco-bricks are one of the few

ways to effectively lessen the use of plastic.  Eco-bricks also remove the plastic from the

biosphere and from the industrial recycling system. This also raises ecological consciousness and

enables individuals, communities, and companies to transition from plastic. An eco-brick is very

durable and will never break down, making it an ideal building material (Vince, 2019). Eco-

bricks are used in developing countries to construct furniture and even buildings. Around the

world, people are using eco-bricks to build in a whole new way. From indoor furniture to

gardens and parks, structures, and almost everywhere. In the Philippines, a company called

Green Antz Builders Incorporated is known for producing eco-bricks.

Green Antz Builders Incorporated is a social enterprise in Plaridel, Bulacan, started in

2012 by Founder and Chief Executive Officer Rommel Benig with the idea of using these
 4

sachets in making eco-bricks, and not just the ones stuffed in a plastic bottle, but rather a

building block similar to existing hollow blocks (Galang, 2018). The company is not ordinary in

the construction industry. More than improving the access to the houses used by local

government, shelters, schools, and companies, the mission of the company is to create green

sustainability initiatives while alleviating poverty. To ensure the sustainability of the company’s

mission, creating environmentally responsible communities is also inculcated in the process. The

company integrates eco-friendly practices and green technologies, which results in innovative

products and services for building and housing solutions. The company developed the eco-bricks

as aesthetically superior, stronger, and more cost-effective than regular hollow blocks and at the

same time, addressing the solid waste management problem. In 2012, Green Antz Builders

Incorporated was just a mere advocacy that focused on converting plastic wastes to construction

products, until it gradually developed to the kind of company that it is right now—a company

that promotes practices and technologies that protect the environment. Through their brick

project, the company sets up hubs in partner communities around the country to manage

operations within the area. As stated by Mr. Benig, he wants the company to be present

everywhere in the Philippines so that the company will be able to replicate what has been started

in the Philippines and outside of the country.

According to a 2019 study by research agency, Global Alliance for Incinerator

Alternatives (GAIA), the Southeast Asian archipelago uses 60 billion plastics sachets every year.

The reality has motivated a group of engineers and entrepreneurs in the Philippines to take up an

initiative that reuses sachets, from being polluters to an effective solution to the plastic waste

problem in the country. The group of people saw the potential of sachets and decided to turn

them into something useful and eco-friendly like eco-bricks. 

 5

Almost every product or object that a person can see is packed or sealed with plastics.

Plastics are very useful yet it is also a crisis for everyone. Even if the plastics were invented a

long time ago, no one has solved the issue with it. That is why the researchers came up with the

idea of conducting a study about a company that uses discarded single-use plastics since the

issue with it has never ended. The reason why the researchers want to conduct this study is in

order to raise awareness for the current and future generations about what plastics can do to the

environment and how it will affect the lives of not just humans but also animals if the volume of

plastic trash will not be prevented as soon as possible, to help lessen the pollution in the

environment, to avoid clogging of every drainage because of plastics, to lessen the possibilities

of having diseases, and to help save the environment like what Green Antz Builders Incorporated

is doing.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

This research attempts to explore the perspective of the company and its employees. This

study seeks to understand the idea of the Green Antz Builders Incorporated employees of the

company’s concept and advocacy through the following objectives:

Specific Objectives

1. Provide a description of the business from the viewpoint of the respondents.

2. Explore how the eco-bricks are made.

3. Acquire knowledge on the types of materials needed in building eco-bricks.

4. Provide a reason as to why the company and its product is unique.

5. Observe the processes and methods done by the company.

 6

1.4 Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework is a system of concepts, assumptions, expectations, and beliefs

in which graphics or propositions link broad abstract ideas or models as a way to guide a

research study. It pulls together the entire research process and aims to yield an argument that

demonstrates the significance and academic rigor of the study (Ravitch and Riggan, 2012).

For this research, the researchers made use of the Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model. The

framework is based on classic systems theory, which states that the general structure of a system

is as important in determining how effective it will function as its individual components. The

IPO model has a casual structure, whereas outputs are a function of various group processes,

which are in turn influenced by input variables (Hollenbeck et. al., 2005).

Figure 1.1 Framework of the Study

         In this study, the researchers aim to mainly understand the concept of Green Antz

Builders Incorporated and their eco-brick product. The researchers intend to apprehend the

company’s description based on the perspective of the employees. Regarding the product, the

researchers would like to ascertain the criteria that the company uses in choosing the solid waste
 7

materials that composes eco-brick, as well as the process in creating eco-bricks and how the

production of eco-bricks can help in solving the country’s aggravating issue on plastic pollution.

To achieve this, the researchers will conduct interviews on employees who are serving

the company for a year or more and on-site observations. By the end of the research process, the

researchers aspire to fully discern the concept of the company and the eco-brick product. 

1.5 Theoretical Framework

Theory of Change
Material Efficiency Theory

The need for effective solutions on plastic waste pollution The need for Environmental Sustainability

Plastic pollution problem in the Philippines

Use of Plastic on Civil Engineering

Plastics are proven to be effective alternatives to certain portions of aggregate in a concrete mix

Green Antz Builders Incorporated and

Eco-brick product
 8

Figure 1.2 Theoretical Framework

For the theoretical framework, the researchers used four theories namely: The Theory of

Change, Material Efficiency Theory, Use of Plastic on Civil Engineering and The Relation

Between the Distribution of Factories as Sources of Environment Pollution to support the claim

and purpose of the study which is to fully explore and comprehend the workings of Green Antz

Builders Incorporated. Through the stated theories above, the researchers are able to show and

provide sufficient evidence that will prove the efficiency of Green Antz Builders Inc. and the

eco-brick product thus making the study purposeful and substantial. 

1.6 Significance of the Study

This research is conducted with various significance for the sake of the succeeding

researchers more so for the benefit of the environment, the community, and the students.

For the Environment. Indeed, plastics make up huge amounts of solid waste and take centuries

to break down in a landfill or the ocean. Plastic is harmful because it is non-biodegradable,

meaning, things like glass, steel, and plastic–cannot be turned into useful and nature-friendly

products. When thrown on land, it makes the soil less fertile. When thrown in the water, plastic

destroys ponds, rivers, and oceans that harm sea life. If animals eat plastic it will make the

mammals sick. Therefore, this study may lessen the risk of spreading its bad effects on the

environment. 

For the Community. Society has been so comfortable with the statement that the world will

never face global warming, but is actually happening and becoming a huge threat not only to the
 9

people’s lives but also to our livestock which includes meat, poultry and other more. The

continuous use of plastics pollutes the oceans, the land, and the air. To help solve the problem,

this study will help raise awareness to the community in the present on how bad plastic pollution

is and how helpful it is, to be more careful about the usage of recyclable materials. This study

will also help raise the interest of people in using eco-bricks made from shredded plastics to help

solve our problem in plastic pollution. Lastly, this study will also be used as a tool to remind the

community to properly use the 3R Program: reduce, reuse and recycle. The 3R program reduces

the amount of garbage going into landfills thereby protecting and conserving our environment.

The success of the 3R’s will mean that less waste is produced and thus less demand for landfill

space.

For the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The primary agency that is

responsible for conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country's

environment and natural resources is the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

(DENR). The country is ranked third in the world for failing to deal with its plastics, according

to a study by the University of Georgia. With the use of plastics of Green Antz Builders

Incorporated in producing their eco-bricks, it will help lessen the plastic waste pollution that the

country is experiencing since the company is recycling and using plastic sachets as their main

component. 

For the Department of Public Works and Highways. The Department of Public Works and

Highways (DPWH) is the engineering and construction arm of the government, tasked to

undertake the design, construction, and maintenance of national roads, bridges, flood control

systems, and water-resource systems. President Rodrigo Duterte’s “Build, Build, Build” project

is to transform, reduce poverty in the Philippines, encourage economic growth, and reduce
 10

congestion in Metro Manila. With the Green Antz Builders Incorporated’s eco-brick product, it

may be used in constructing new infrastructures and projects.

For the Green Antz Builders Incorporated. With this study, the Green Antz Builders

Incorporated will be recognized more. Readers will be able to clearly understand and have

sufficient knowledge about the company’s mission and goals, and its product.

For the Aspiring Ecobricks Manufacturers. The findings may greatly affect and encourage

manufacturers of the product, specifically eco-bricks, in ensuring better compliance with good

manufacturing procedures and elements used to sustain safety for the users. This study makes

sure that the outcome of the products is solid and durable enough to sustain the needs in building

structures. It may also be employed by the aspiring manufacturers to improve the quality of the

Green Antz Builders Incorporated’s product and to know the basic concepts of an eco-brick

product based company. 

For the Students. Students nowadays forget how to take care of the surroundings and do not

give appreciation to the environment. With this study, it will contribute not only as an

application of the student’s scientific knowledge about plastics but also help them to become

responsible stewards of the environment through the prevention of plastic pollution.  

For the Future Researchers. Future researchers may refer to this study and may use it as a

guide in doing research that may include related studies and might help them in solving

questions that they may encounter in their future studies. 

1.7 Scope and Delimitation

 11

This study mainly encompasses the knowledge and opinions of Green Antz Builders

Incorporated employees and about the company, and its well-known product, the eco-brick.

From here, the researchers will also assess the thoughts of the employees on the workings of the

company and the eco-bricks which are made from shredded plastics in solving the plastic

problem and if not, reducing the major problem caused by plastic pollution. The researchers will

be conducting an interview with the company’s selected employees to understand how the

products are made and how they work with our environment. Moreover, this study will assess the

works of Green Antz Builders Incorporated, the processes that they perform, and how they

produce their famous product, the eco-brick. The study will only be limited in knowing the

processes and methods done by the company through interviewing the selected employees on

their thoughts of the company and the eco-brick which will not be preceded to testing the product

itself and by means of observations. The observation of the methods done by the company and

the interview with the selected employees of the company, Chief Executive Officer, Chief

Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary, Manager, or Chairman of the Board, will

be conducted at Parulan, Plaridel, Bulacan in Green Antz Builders Incorporated’s headquarters

once the researchers are done with the preparations.

1.8 Definition of Terms

The researchers chose to use the conceptual definition. In conceptual definition, the real

and universally accepted meanings and definitions of the words are given.

Ecobricks. Made from a mixture of cement and shredded plastic. Ecobricks also makes use of

residual plastic wastes that have no value and are no longer recyclable. This is an example of

manmade material that prevents the use of too much plastic.

 12

Green Antz. A company known for producing eco-bricks. The ways on how we reduce the use

of plastics. Green Antz Builders Incorporated’s mission is to create green sustainability

initiatives while alleviating poverty. The company can absolutely help the plastic waste issue.

Solid Waste. Means any garbage refuse sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply

treatment plant or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials.

Workings. The processes performed by the company, methods done by the employees, and the

whole operation of the company. How the company works and how the company manufactures,

produces, and develops products.

 13

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

         This chapter contains literature; local and foreign, which are gathered from the internet,

technical journals, books, and past research related to the present study. Moreover, this chapter is

used as a reference and evidence for the facts that were gathered by the researchers.

2.1 Theoretical Studies

The Theory of Change by the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA)

In order to impose effective solutions to the growing rate of pollution, those most

affected by unsustainable waste disposal and its associated pollution must play a leadership role

in developing and advancing solutions.

The researchers believe that the company of Green Antz Builders Incorporated, in

fulfillment of the Theory of Change proposed by GAIA, is taking an initiative to develop and

advance solutions on the country's ceaseless problem on pollution, particularly plastic pollution,

through the company's eco-brick products. 

Material Efficiency Theory

Material efficiency such as minimization of raw materials used in the production process,

selection of the most economical raw materials possible, and the reduction and recycling of

waste to minimize the amount of unutilized material is part of sustainable development and

taking it into account is now more important than ever due to the growing scarcity of natural
 14

resources. By minimizing waste and recycling waste materials, producers are able to meet global

agreements and environmental protection goals, and thus help to promote sustainability. 

Through the company's production of construction bricks from plastic waste materials,

Green Antz Builders Incorporated is able to help in promoting the Philippines' environmental

sustainability. 

Use of Plastic on Civil Engineering

In terms of civil engineering application, recycling of plastic wastes as cementitious

based materials, such as cement mixture or concrete mixture appears as a better option for

alternative plastic waste disposal. This is due to its economic and ecological advantages which

can substitute or replace certain portions of aggregate in a concrete mix (Kamarrudin et. al.,

2017).

Recently environmental pollution such as air pollution, water pollution, noise and so on

has frequently occurred in Japan in accordance with the rapid growth of the national economy

and its main sources are factories which produce pollution materials. Factory Industries produce

large amounts of pollutants such as smoke and oil that cause negative effects on the environment.

Companies similar to Green Antz Builders Incorporated found a way to produce products

that are not only beneficial to people but as well as to the environment which can inspire and

influence succeeding companies in the future.

 15

2.2 Review of Related Literature

         This part of the chapter includes the review of related literature wherein the researchers

focused more on finding relevant literature regarding plastics that can help them in further

comprehension and interpretation of the current study.

2.2.1 Local Literature

         An audit in the Philippines has shown that over 60 million sachets are used in the

Philippines in only a year. 48 million shopping bags are also used on a daily basis in the country.

This audit was included in a report by Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) last

March, 2019. Philippine survey shows 'shocking' plastic waste. 30,000 tons of garbage is

produced in the Philippines every day, but only 95% of those can be recyclable or used in other

projects. Clean and dry plastics such as plastic laminates or sachets can be washed, shredded and

used as components to produce ecological products such as eco-bricks (2019, April 4). ALI sets

a new path to Zero Waste, introduces pilot Eco Hub in Arca South. The plastic problem still

persists in the Philippines despite numerous efforts. 

One of the long-term solutions is the partnership of local government units and the

company of Green Antz Builders Incorporated, making eco-bricks and reducing plastic pollution

one brick at a time (Tantuco, 2019). Filipino engineers and entrepreneurs are exploring ways to

convert sachets into eco-bricks, from being polluters to being an effective solution to the plastic

waste problem of the Philippines (Xinhua, 2019). Ayala Land, Inc. (ALI) has opened its pilot

Eco Hub facility in Arca South as it works towards offsetting its carbon emissions. ALI’s new

facility aims to collect and reuse discarded plastic materials and transform them into valuable
 16

resources for construction in ALI’s developments. The Eco Hub is developed in partnership with

environment-friendly construction products and solutions provider Green Antz Builders

Incorporated (2019, April 4). ALI sets a new path to Zero Waste, introduces pilot Eco Hub in

Arca South.

2.2.2 Foreign Literature

         Around 311 million tons of plastic were produced in 2014 worldwide, where packaging is

responsible for 40% of it and PET bottles represent 7% (Plastics Europe, 2015). Between 22%

and 43% of wasted plastic worldwide is disposed in landfills (Plastics Europe, 2015; UN

Environment, 2014) and up to 95% of the litter that accumulates on shorelines, sea surface, and

seafloor, consists on plastic items, including plastic bags, fishing equipment, food and PET

beverage containers (Kuhn, 2015).  Disposing inorganic waste in landfills, informal dump areas

or the sea, means losing its value as potential resources, taking up valuable space, contaminating

the environment, and deteriorating communities (Bhada-Tata &Hoornweg, 2012; Kuhn, 2015;

UN Environment, 2014). Eco-bricks is the name for PET bottles filled with some material that

could be used as building blocks (Barajas & Vera, 2016). There are experiences of bottles filled

with soil, and others filled with compressed inorganic waste materials, particularly plastics,

foams, packaging, and cellophanes (Kuhn, 2015; Maier &Bakisan, 2014). Communities and non-

governmental organizations (NGO’s) consider the eco-bricks as a valid recycling way to reduce

their plastic waste disposal volumes (Heisse& Arias, 2011; Kuhn, 2015). Moreover, this

handmade building block has become an accessible or low-cost construction material for social

projects in regions where litter and informal dumpsites are a common problem and industrial

recycling might not be yet available. Because of a long time, it takes PET bottles and other
 17

inorganic materials to degrade, and the idea that in the case of demolition, the eco-bricks could

be used again or turned into new building blocks, this device is referred as a sustainable

construction material (Heisse& Arias, 2011; Kuhn, 2015). However, both PET bottles used as

containers of the eco-bricks as well as the mixed materials used as fillers could be better recycled

if more sophisticated separating and valuing processes were implemented (Taaffe et al., 2014).

         In Northern Luzon, from whom Circle Hostel co-founder, Ziggie Gonzales took

inspiration from, is where ecobricks.org was started by founder Russell Maier. Living in the

Cordilleras, Gonzales witnessed just how much plastic is being dumped in the mountains that

spoiled the rivers. Rehashing the idea of stuffing plastic bottles with sand to make bricks, he used

plastics instead and found out that there was no difference. If anything, it was even a better brick;

reusable and would last forever (Primer, 2016). 

Only a few of the commonly used plastics are biodegradable, causing the accumulation of

plastics, rather than its decomposition in landfills or the natural environment. The only way to

permanently eliminate plastic waste is by destructive thermal treatment, processes such as

pyrolysis, combustion, and incineration (Geyer, Jambeck, Law, 2017). This literature is closely

related to the current study because it directly states the current state of plastics in the

environment and the conventional ways of plastic waste management present in our society.

Azoulay et al. (2019) Incineration, co-incineration, gasification, and pyrolysis, these common

plastic waste management processes result in the release of toxic metals such as lead and

mercury, organic substances (dioxins and furans), acid gases, and other toxic substances to the

air, water, and soils.These processes also lead to direct and indirect exposure of humans in toxic

substances, in which the toxic wastes and emissions produced travel long distances and integrate

into our soil and water deposits, eventually entering all biological organisms. This literature
 18

states the dangers and possible effects of improper or poor plastic waste management in the

environment. This is closely related to the study because it tackles a topic about plastic pollution

and the current and conventional ways to treat it. 

Having a small sample size is very helpful in a qualitative study like this research. A

small sample size tends to limit the redundancy of answers from respondents. It also avoids the

generalization of both responses and data interpretation. This study also does not require a large

sample space because the goal of the researchers is to extract and gather rice data. Elaborations

and further explanations can be achieved if the sample size is small and the respondents have the

sufficient knowledge credible enough to give the researchers the data that they need to

accomplish the specific objectives set. (Vasileiou, K., Barnett, J., Thorpe, S. et al., 2018) 

2.3 Review of Related Studies

The researchers went through a lot of in-depth inquiries online and in the library to seek

and find related studies regarding plastics, eco-bags, and eco-bricks. The studies found provided

a wide range of answers which might help in solving and seeking solutions regarding the

problem in waste management.

2.3.1 Local Studies

         These are the studies found by the researchers that provided information in the further

justifying the study which are authored and reported by our fellow Filipinos.
 19

Wish to Wishcraft: A Peek into an Environmentally Friendly School

This study presents individuals and schools who are taking charge and making a positive

difference in healing mother earth through their environmental stewardship efforts. This study

probes wishcraft, the recycling project of a private school in the Philippines that does not only

help heal the earth but also provide opportunities for quality education of its less privileged

students (Gaikwad and Obaya, 2018).

This study can be associated with the Green Antz Builders Incorporated which also

shows environmental stewardships efforts like the stated above.

Environmental Awareness and Practices of Science Students: Input for Ecological

Management

The findings of this study revealed that Science students from Zambales, Philippines are

very aware of environmental concepts and state of the environment, and very aware of

environmental issues and problems. This study found out that there is a moderate correlation

between students, awareness of environmental concepts, and issues and their practices to solve

the environmental problems and possess a high degree of commitment. The study recommends

that information dissemination programs regarding environmental concepts, state of the

environment, ecological issues and problems could be sustained by the school to keep the

ecological awareness of the students (Rogayan and Nebrida, 2019).

This study shows the relation between the student’s awareness on environmental

concepts and issues, and the practices that are done to solve environmental problems. By

conducting this study on Green Antz Builders Incorporated, the researchers will be able to
 20

acquire sufficient knowledge and thus spread awareness on the company’s advocacy and the

efficiency of the eco-brick product. By spreading awareness, the researchers aim to encourage

people to execute practices that are similar to that of Green Antz Builders Incorporated. 

A Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Plastic and Paper Packaging Bags in the Philippines

The study evaluated the soundness of these initiatives based on the life-cycle analysis

(LCA) framework. While a number of studies have looked at similar issues in other countries,

results may not be entirely valid in the Philippines due to different variations in energy and

material supply chain and waste disposal practices and systems. The study covered disposal to

land, air, and water effluents and included global warming, acidification, ozone depletion, and

human toxicity impact areas. Future studies may be done on other impact factors as well as on

other bag materials. This study was commissioned by the Department of Environment and

Natural Resources (DENR) to aid policy development in waste management in the country

(Bienvenido et. al., 2015).

         The stated study above states how the prohibition of plastic waste materials is not

effective in the Philippines considering the country’s different variations in energy and material

supply chain and waste disposal practices and systems. The eco-brick product of Green Antz

Builders Incorporated can serve as an alternative and effective way to reduce plastic waste

materials in the environment.

 21

Luntiang Basura (Green Wastes): A Case Study of Three Filipino Ecopreneurs in

Upcycling

The study aims to show, by way of a case study, that engaging in upcycling business,

more creative and upscale recycling can be financially rewarding, socially responsible and at the

same time help protect the environment by impacting the zero-waste campaign in a major

manner. The case study features three well-known, passionate ecopreneur or upcyclists subjects

who concretize and attest to the sustainability of the environment by using wastes as primary raw

material inputs in their production process, producing beautiful artisan goods that command high

price in the market; thus, providing desired profitability for the company (Reyes and Santos,

2018).

         According to the study above, engaging in businesses that show creative ways on helping

the environment are also financially rewarding. This will help encourage other people to

establish businesses that are similar to Green Antz Builders Incorporated.

2.3.2 Foreign Studies

         These are the studies found by the researchers, authored and reported by foreign literates,

which provided necessary information to further justify the study.

 The Effects of Biodegradable Bags or Eco Bags to the Environment

Plastic bags were invented by Leo Hendrik Baekeland in 1907. Plastic has been used all

around the world for at least 110 years. Despite all of its benefits, plastic bags have their own

consequences which last for thousands of years. This left the people with a high level of waste
 22

and pollution leakage to the environment (Greyer, 2017). However, there are many types of bags

available today namely, biodegradable bags and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (Evans,

2019). These are highly environment-friendly for it can be reused and easily recycled (Muthu,

2014). These bags are made from recycled plastic bottles and have a 90% lower carbon footprint

compared to regular plastic (Evans, 2019). 

In relation to the use of eco-bags that are created from recycled plastic bottles and help in

reducing carbon footprints, the production of eco-brick products are also beneficial to the

environment. 

Waste Plastic and its Hidden Negative Effects 

         Plastics end up in landfills and oceans, slowly killing our primary livestock resources like

fisheries (Madaan, 2019) but this is not the only problem with plastics. A team of researchers

from a University in Hawaii has published a groundbreaking discovery that reveals plastic as one

of the biggest contributors to pollution, releasing methane and ethylene. These gases can elevate

or worsen climate change (Royer, 2018). Methane is the cleanest form of gas that does not harm

the environment and mostly benefits humans because of its usefulness but when released to the

atmosphere unignited, traps the heat. Therefore making the globe hotter and the gas is released

all over the ocean due to the floating plastics around. Plastic releases methane when exposed to

solar radiation for a long period of time.

The study above states that plastic wastes invade landfills and oceans and produce toxic

substances such as methane and ethylene, causing the destruction of natural resources. Green

Antz Builders Incorporated, through producing eco-bricks it will help in the reduction of plastic

waste materials.
 23

Use of Plastic in Bituminous Mixture

Polymer pavements or asphalt roads using plastic and bitumen blend are not very rare and

in fact being used in some countries (Manju, 2017). Bitumen, a chemical used to bind asphalt

when diluted, can seriously harm our environment especially our fisheries according to research

conducted in Queens University and Royal Military College of Canada. Aside from this, bitumen

is non-biodegradable and therefore cannot be used for any new products. To solve this problem,

scientists invented a plastic polymer mixture which is made up of bitumen and plastic beads.

This blend is a better binder compared to plain bitumen blend (Vasudevan R., 2010). This

invention greatly affects our environment as it reduces plastic pollution by using plastic as an

alternative and reducing bitumen production.

The invention of plastic polymer mixture greatly reduces plastic pollution by using the

plastic waste as an alternative to road pavements and asphalt. This is similar to the eco-brick

product of Green Antz Builders Incorporated which also uses plastic waste materials as

alternatives in creating products.

Experimental characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottle Eco-bricks

The study addresses the issue of recycling waste plastic by considering the feasibility of

the use of eco-bricks for constructional purposes. The eco-bricks are formed by packing plastic

within polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. Waste management problems related to the high

production of plastic are an extremely important global challenge and recycling or recovery

routes of plastic solid waste. The last 20 years both diminishing landfill capacity and concern of

general environmental issues have resulted in the United States and the European Union
 24

introducing new legislation to promote waste reduction. The impact of plastics on primary and

secondary carbon footprint is also a very important factor (Taaffe et al., 2014).

This study supports the effectiveness of the eco-brick product as a construction material.

Plastic Waste Management in the Context of a European Recycling Society

A number of life cycle assessment (LCA) studies have been undertaken within the last 15

years comparing end-of-life treatment options for post-consumer plastic waste, including

techniques such as mechanical recycling, feedstock recycling, incineration with energy recovery,

and landfilling. These have attempted to support decisions in the formulation of waste

management strategies and policies. The majority of the LCA studies concluded that, when

single polymer plastic waste fractions with little organic contamination are recycled and replace

virgin plastic at a ratio of close to 1:1, recycling is generally the environmentally preferred

treatment option when compared to municipal solid waste incineration. Landfilling of plastic

waste compared to municipal solid waste incineration proved to be the least preferred option for

all impact categories except for global warming potential. Due to the uncertainty surrounding

some assumptions in the studies, it cannot be said with confidence that the waste hierarchy

should be applied to plastic waste management as a general rule (Lazarevic et. al, 2019).

The study above states how recycling the most effective way to reduce plastic waste

materials is. Green Antz Builders Incorporated is recycling plastic waste materials to create a

new product called eco-bricks. This therefore concludes that the company and the product are

beneficial to the environment.

 25

Synthesis of the Study

         In the related literature presented above, the studies discussed that millions of plastics are

produced daily, in which only 95% is recyclable. In a study about waste plastic and its negative

effects on the environment, it was stated that plastics are one of the biggest contributors to

pollution producing toxins such as methane and ethylene. These plastics end up in landfills and

oceans, causing the destruction of primary livestock resources. In relation to this increasing

problem on plastic waste use and disposal, certain studies were conducted such as using eco bags

instead of plastic bags, and using plastics as ingredients to bituminous mixtures have shown

results on the effectiveness of reducing the use of plastic and creating alternative ways to use

plastic that will benefit the environment. Also, there was an article that explained how other

ways to reduce plastics will produce substances that are toxic to the environment. This proves the

study about plastic waste management in the context of a European recycling society which

states that the most effective way to reduce plastics is to recycle these. As a contribution to

resolving this issue on plastic wastes, Green Antz Builders Incorporated in Plaridel, Bulacan are

producing eco-friendly bricks which can be used as construction materials. Communities and

non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) consider the eco-bricks as a valid recycling way to

reduce their plastic waste disposal volumes (Heisse& Arias, 2011; Kuhn, 2015). In the business

world, a study also shows how engaging in upcycling business, more creative and upscale

recycling can be financially rewarding, socially responsible, and at the same time help protect the

environment by impacting the zero-waste campaign in a major manner. 

Considering all the states above, the researchers are encouraged to conduct a study on

exploring the concept of Green Antz Builders Incorporated and their eco-brick product. The

researchers believe that the company and their eco-brick product will make a great contribution
 26

in solving the country’s problem on plastic waste. This study will therefore help in raising

awareness on the said company and product. This will eventually lead into encouraging people to

support Green Antz Builders Incorporated and their eco-brick product as well as to encourage the

establishment of other companies that will also promote environmental-friendly products and

services.
 27

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter’s content stated in detail the research design of the study. It specifically

discusses the method employed by the researchers, the subject or variable, the validation of the

instrument, data gathering procedure, and the statistical tools and techniques applied in the

interpretation of the data gathered. 

3.1 Research Design                                                

The goal of this study is to gain knowledge about the nature of the company and its

product, the eco-brick, to know how it is produced and be utilized. This study is qualitative

research; the goal of qualitative research is to explore richness, depth, complexity of the subject,

and to gain deeper knowledge. It is a systematic approach of describing or exploring the subject

in a subjective perspective. In this qualitative study, the researchers would employ descriptive

research design in the conduct of the study. According to Bhat (2019), descriptive research can

be identified as a research design which describes the characteristics of the one being studied; it

can be people, ideas, concepts, or institutions. Descriptive research is more focused on the nature

of the research subject rather than on the reasons behind the existence of the subject. This will

allow the researchers to completely understand the concept of Green Antz Builders Incorporated.

Descriptive research does not test relationships between variables, prioritizing on theory building

rather than theory testing. 

 28

3.2 Respondents of the Study

The researchers will interview five selected employees from the Green Antz Builders

Incorporated since the employees’ experiences and knowledge will provide enough pieces of

information that are valid, credible, and reliable. A small sample size can provide rich data and

information, and can also avoid redundancies and repetitive data or information (Vasileiou, K.,

Barnett, J., Thorpe, S. et al., 2018). The sampling that will be used is a purposive or judgmental

sampling. Purposive sampling is a form of non-probability sampling in which researchers rely on

their own judgment when choosing members of the population to participate in their study. The

researchers will use this sampling to interview the respondents who have experiences and prior

or enough knowledge about the company and the product. The respondents must at least have

one year of experience in the company. The respondents must also obtain the position of Chief

Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary, Manager, or

Chairman of the Board.

3.3 Instruments of the Study

For this study, the researchers will be using a semi-structured interview composed of

guide questions that aim to acquire knowledge on the company’s business and product

description based on the employees’ perspective. The semi-structured interview is a qualitative

data collection strategy in which the researchers ask respondents a series of predetermined but

open-ended questions (Given, 2009). Since the interview is semi-structured, there will be no

specific amount of time that will be given for the respondent to answer. The specific questions

stated above this research paper will comprise the set of predetermined questions. However,
 29

follow-up questions may be added by the researchers for clarifications and better understanding.

The researchers will also use an observation checklist, for there will also be an on-site

observation that will be conducted by the researchers. Such data-gathering instruments will be

used in order for the researchers to acquire essential and adequate knowledge that will suffice the

data needed about the company of Green Antz Builders Incorporated and their eco-brick product.

For documentation and transcription purposes, the researchers will also audio record the whole

interview process.

3.4 Data Gathering Procedure

         In the initial course of data collection, the researchers will ask for the approval of Ms.

Marife V. Cabuyao, the Assistant Principal of Centro Escolar Integrated School, Mr. Jay-Arr C.

Tayao, the Principal of Centro Escolar Integrated School, and Mrs. Candie S. Gatchalian, the

researchers' Research Adviser for the interview.  The researchers will collect data by means of

interviews, questionnaires, and an observation checklist that were validated by Engr. Raquel P.

Tionco, a licensed civil engineer. The researchers will also be conducting an on-site observation

and will audio record, with permission from the authority, the whole interview process. The

following procedures will be also carried out by the researchers in the gathering of data: the

researchers will be determining the target respondents for the interview, if the consent to conduct

the study is accepted; the researchers will directly ask the respondents, and upon the completion

of the review; the researchers will assure the respondents answers, and the personal information

will be kept confidential. 

 30

3.5 Data Analysis

         This study will use a narrative research analysis. The narrative analysis mainly consists of

three steps. The first one would be to set an appointment with the participant. This is to ensure a

proper approach to the participants. The second step would be to conduct the interview and give

the questionnaire to the participants. Lastly, the researchers will evaluate the information needed

to assure accuracy. The analysis will include an interview and an open-ended questionnaire.

A thorough review of the responses of the respondents will also be conducted by the

researchers to fully acquire the data and information needed for data saturation.

3.6 Methodological Limitation

         The limitation of this study exists due to the constraints on the characteristics of research

design or methodology that may impact and influence the findings of the researcher’s study. 

The researchers ought to inquire about the company’s Chief Executive Officer in order to

collect the data needed for the study to be justified and to be able to answer the study’s research

problem distinctly. In relation to this, the researchers will find it hard to acquire concrete data

since the researchers will only be interviewing the officers and executives of the company which

may be a hindrance for the researchers because the respondents will find a hard time in

scheduling the interview since the respondents are high ranking officers of the company and are

busy. Furthermore, the researchers are new in the field of research, for this reason, the company

and the chosen respondents may not pay too much attention to the researchers, thinking that the

study is not necessary and will not benefit the Green Antz Builders Incorporates.
 31

REFERENCES

Alwood et. al. (2013). Material Efficiency Management in Manufacturing. http://www.diva-

portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A813564&dswid=-653

Bienvenido et. al. (2015). A Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Plastic and Paper Packaging

Bags in the Philippines. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7393237

Chadar&Keerti (2017). Solid Waste Pollution:  A Hazard to Environment. Recent Adv

Petrochem

Gaikwad &Obaya (2018). Wish to WISHCRAFT: A Peek into an Environmentally Friendly

School. http://docplayer.net/141664944-Wish-to-wishcraft-a-peek-into-an-environmentally

Hollenbeck et. al. (2002). Input Process Output Models to IMOI Models.

http://faculty.washington.edu/mdj3/Ilgen,%20Hollenbeck,%20Johnson,%20&%20Jundt%20

Kamarrudin et. al. (2017) Potential use of Plastic Waste as Construction Materials:

RecentProgress and Future

Prospect.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321247342_Potential_use_of_Plastic_Waste_

as_Construction_Materials_Recent_Progress_and_Future_Prospect

Lazaveric et. al. (2019). Plastic Waste Management in the Context of a European Recycling

Society. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344910002156

Panimalar& Kannan (2013). Employee Perception TowardsEffectiveness and Impact of

Environment Management System.

https://www.academia.edu/5715370/A_Study_on_Employee_Perception_Towards_Effectiveness
 32

_And_Impact_Of_Environment_Management_System_At_Tamil_Nadu_Cooperative_Textile_P

rocessing_Mill_Ltd._Erode

Parker, L (2019). The World's Plastic Pollution Crisis

Explained.https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/habitats/plastic-pollution/

Ravitch &Riggor (2017). How Conceptual Frameworks Guide Research.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/23593093

Rogayan&Nebrida (2019). Environmental Awareness and Practices of Science Students: Input

for Ecological Management.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333667252_Environmental_Awareness_and_Practices

_of_Science_Students_Input_for_Ecological_Management_Plan

Reyes & Santos (2018). LuntiangBasura (Green Wastes): A Case Study of Three Filipino

Ecopreneurs in Upcycling. https://knepublishing.com/index.php/Kne-Social/article/view/2389

Stevens, A (2015). Tiny Plastic, Big Problem.

https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/tiny-plastic-big-problem

Tantuco (2019). ALI sets new path to Zero Waste, introduces pilot Eco Hub in Arca South.

https://www.ayalaland.com.ph/ali-sets-new-path-to-zero-waste-introduces-pilot-eco-hub-in-arca-

south/

Xinhua (2019). PH Engineers Build Ecobricks with Plastic Waste.

https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/10/19/business/green-business/ph-engineers-build-ecobricks

 
 33

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

(Waiver, Letter and Consent, and Guide Questions)

 SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPARTMENT

City of Malolos, Bulacan

NOTICE FOR OFF-CAMPUS RESEARCH AND WAIVER OF LIABILITY

March 7, 2020

Dearest parents;

Centro Escolar Integrated School has always aimed to provide its students with the best quality
education that will equip and prepare them for life. While we strive to present our student with
first rate instruction inside the classroom, we also believe that important learning may be
acquired in real-life interactions and authentic social situations.

The subject Practical Research 1 opens many opportunities for our students to interact with the
world around them, observe actual people and phenomena, and learn from these experiences
and circumstances. With this thought in mind, we wish to partner with you in taking advantage of
this chance to obtain for your child valuable knowledge and skill through extramural research.
The work that your child that will do outside of school may include any or all of the following:

1. Possible interaction with strangers who are potential respondents to their study;
2. Journey in unfamiliar places; and/or
3. Collection of materials that may be hazardous to their health or safety.
In school, we will provide them with the concepts, trainings, guidelines, and other pertinent
information that will prepare them in conducting their research outside the school. Accordingly,
we appeal to you to support our student in this endeavor by providing them with safe conduct to
and from their respective study locations and guidance throughout their off-campus research
work. It will be best to discuss with your child their plans on how to go about their research in
order for you to properly assess the risk involved.

If you would consent for your child to undertake off-campus research, please read the waiver
below and check the appropriate response. Should you deem the risks to be too great, we
would understand and recommend that your child conduct their research within school premises
only; please tick the corresponding response below. We assure you that your refusal to allow
your child will not affect his/her grades in the subject.

We thank you for our understanding and continuous support to our school and its endeavors.
Yours Truly,

Noted By:
 WAIVER

Having fully understood the planned off-campus research and properly evaluated the risks
involved in conducting one, we, together with our child, knows that Centro Escolar Integrated
School and its administrators, faculty and staff will equip my child with necessary knowledge
and guidance required for his/her safety and well-being during their off-campus research work.
This would include oral and/or written instruction that may be given before or during the activity
which, if followed, would ensure the safety of my child. If my child disregards or falls to follow
those instructions or should act on his/her own, I together with my child, shall have no claims
against CEIS, its administrators, faculty advisers, staff-in-charge should any damage caused or
liability be incurred to proper or person.
 SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPARTMENT

City of Malolos, Bulacan

NOTICE FOR OFF-CAMPUS RESEARCH AND WAIVER OF LIABILITY

March 7, 2020

Dearest parents;

Centro Escolar Integrated School has always aimed to provide its students with the best quality
education that will equip and prepare them for life. While we strive to present our student with
first rate instruction inside the classroom, we also believe that important learning may be
acquired in real-life interactions and authentic social situations.

The subject Practical Research 1 opens many opportunities for our students to interact with the
world around them, observe actual people and phenomena, and learn from these experiences
and circumstances. With this thought in mind, we wish to partner with you in taking advantage of
this chance to obtain for your child valuable knowledge and skill through extramural research.
The work that your child that will do outside of school may include any or all of the following:

1. Possible interaction with strangers who are potential respondents to their study;
2. Journey in unfamiliar places; and/or
3. Collection of materials that may be hazardous to their health or safety.
In school, we will provide them with the concepts, trainings, guidelines, and other pertinent
information that will prepare them in conducting their research outside the school. Accordingly,
we appeal to you to support our student in this endeavor by providing them with safe conduct to
and from their respective study locations and guidance throughout their off-campus research
work. It will be best to discuss with your child their plans on how to go about their research in
order for you to properly assess the risk involved.

If you would consent for your child to undertake off-campus research, please read the waiver
below and check the appropriate response. Should you deem the risks to be too great, we
would understand and recommend that your child conduct their research within school premises
only; please tick the corresponding response below. We assure you that your refusal to allow
your child will not affect his/her grades in the subject.

We thank you for our understanding and continuous support to our school and its endeavors.
Yours Truly,

Noted By:
 WAIVER

Having fully understood the planned off-campus research and properly evaluated the risks
involved in conducting one, we, together with our child, knows that Centro Escolar Integrated
School and its administrators, faculty and staff will equip my child with necessary knowledge
and guidance required for his/her safety and well-being during their off-campus research work.
This would include oral and/or written instruction that may be given before or during the activity
which, if followed, would ensure the safety of my child. If my child disregards or falls to follow
those instructions or should act on his/her own, I together with my child, shall have no claims
against CEIS, its administrators, faculty advisers, staff-in-charge should any damage caused or
liability be incurred to proper or person.
 SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPARTMENT

City of Malolos, Bulacan

NOTICE FOR OFF-CAMPUS RESEARCH AND WAIVER OF LIABILITY

March 7, 2020

Dearest parents;

Centro Escolar Integrated School has always aimed to provide its students with the best quality
education that will equip and prepare them for life. While we strive to present our student with
first rate instruction inside the classroom, we also believe that important learning may be
acquired in real-life interactions and authentic social situations.

The subject Practical Research 1 opens many opportunities for our students to interact with the
world around them, observe actual people and phenomena, and learn from these experiences
and circumstances. With this thought in mind, we wish to partner with you in taking advantage of
this chance to obtain for your child valuable knowledge and skill through extramural research.
The work that your child that will do outside of school may include any or all of the following:

1. Possible interaction with strangers who are potential respondents to their study;
2. Journey in unfamiliar places; and/or
3. Collection of materials that may be hazardous to their health or safety.
In school, we will provide them with the concepts, trainings, guidelines, and other pertinent
information that will prepare them in conducting their research outside the school. Accordingly,
we appeal to you to support our student in this endeavor by providing them with safe conduct to
and from their respective study locations and guidance throughout their off-campus research
work. It will be best to discuss with your child their plans on how to go about their research in
order for you to properly assess the risk involved.

If you would consent for your child to undertake off-campus research, please read the waiver
below and check the appropriate response. Should you deem the risks to be too great, we
would understand and recommend that your child conduct their research within school premises
only; please tick the corresponding response below. We assure you that your refusal to allow
your child will not affect his/her grades in the subject.

We thank you for our understanding and continuous support to our school and its endeavors.
Yours Truly,

Noted By:
 WAIVER

Having fully understood the planned off-campus research and properly evaluated the risks
involved in conducting one, we, together with our child, knows that Centro Escolar Integrated
School and its administrators, faculty and staff will equip my child with necessary knowledge
and guidance required for his/her safety and well-being during their off-campus research work.
This would include oral and/or written instruction that may be given before or during the activity
which, if followed, would ensure the safety of my child. If my child disregards or falls to follow
those instructions or should act on his/her own, I together with my child, shall have no claims
against CEIS, its administrators, faculty advisers, staff-in-charge should any damage caused or
liability be incurred to proper or person.
 SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPARTMENT

City of Malolos, Bulacan

NOTICE FOR OFF-CAMPUS RESEARCH AND WAIVER OF LIABILITY

March 7, 2020

Dearest parents;

Centro Escolar Integrated School has always aimed to provide its students with the best quality
education that will equip and prepare them for life. While we strive to present our student with
first rate instruction inside the classroom, we also believe that important learning may be
acquired in real-life interactions and authentic social situations.

The subject Practical Research 1 opens many opportunities for our students to interact with the
world around them, observe actual people and phenomena, and learn from these experiences
and circumstances. With this thought in mind, we wish to partner with you in taking advantage of
this chance to obtain for your child valuable knowledge and skill through extramural research.
The work that your child that will do outside of school may include any or all of the following:

1. Possible interaction with strangers who are potential respondents to their study;
2. Journey in unfamiliar places; and/or
3. Collection of materials that may be hazardous to their health or safety.
In school, we will provide them with the concepts, trainings, guidelines, and other pertinent
information that will prepare them in conducting their research outside the school. Accordingly,
we appeal to you to support our student in this endeavor by providing them with safe conduct to
and from their respective study locations and guidance throughout their off-campus research
work. It will be best to discuss with your child their plans on how to go about their research in
order for you to properly assess the risk involved.

If you would consent for your child to undertake off-campus research, please read the waiver
below and check the appropriate response. Should you deem the risks to be too great, we
would understand and recommend that your child conduct their research within school premises
only; please tick the corresponding response below. We assure you that your refusal to allow
your child will not affect his/her grades in the subject.

We thank you for our understanding and continuous support to our school and its endeavors.
Yours Truly,

Noted By:
 WAIVER

Having fully understood the planned off-campus research and properly evaluated the risks
involved in conducting one, we, together with our child, knows that Centro Escolar Integrated
School and its administrators, faculty and staff will equip my child with necessary knowledge
and guidance required for his/her safety and well-being during their off-campus research work.
This would include oral and/or written instruction that may be given before or during the activity
which, if followed, would ensure the safety of my child. If my child disregards or falls to follow
those instructions or should act on his/her own, I together with my child, shall have no claims
against CEIS, its administrators, faculty advisers, staff-in-charge should any damage caused or
liability be incurred to proper or person.
 SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPARTMENT

City of Malolos, Bulacan

NOTICE FOR OFF-CAMPUS RESEARCH AND WAIVER OF LIABILITY

March 7, 2020

Dearest parents;

Centro Escolar Integrated School has always aimed to provide its students with the best quality
education that will equip and prepare them for life. While we strive to present our student with
first rate instruction inside the classroom, we also believe that important learning may be
acquired in real-life interactions and authentic social situations.

The subject Practical Research 1 opens many opportunities for our students to interact with the
world around them, observe actual people and phenomena, and learn from these experiences
and circumstances. With this thought in mind, we wish to partner with you in taking advantage of
this chance to obtain for your child valuable knowledge and skill through extramural research.
The work that your child that will do outside of school may include any or all of the following:

1. Possible interaction with strangers who are potential respondents to their study;
2. Journey in unfamiliar places; and/or
3. Collection of materials that may be hazardous to their health or safety.
In school, we will provide them with the concepts, trainings, guidelines, and other pertinent
information that will prepare them in conducting their research outside the school. Accordingly,
we appeal to you to support our student in this endeavor by providing them with safe conduct to
and from their respective study locations and guidance throughout their off-campus research
work. It will be best to discuss with your child their plans on how to go about their research in
order for you to properly assess the risk involved.

If you would consent for your child to undertake off-campus research, please read the waiver
below and check the appropriate response. Should you deem the risks to be too great, we
would understand and recommend that your child conduct their research within school premises
only; please tick the corresponding response below. We assure you that your refusal to allow
your child will not affect his/her grades in the subject.

We thank you for our understanding and continuous support to our school and its endeavors.
Yours Truly,

Noted By:
 WAIVER

Having fully understood the planned off-campus research and properly evaluated the risks
involved in conducting one, we, together with our child, knows that Centro Escolar Integrated
School and its administrators, faculty and staff will equip my child with necessary knowledge
and guidance required for his/her safety and well-being during their off-campus research work.
This would include oral and/or written instruction that may be given before or during the activity
which, if followed, would ensure the safety of my child. If my child disregards or falls to follow
those instructions or should act on his/her own, I together with my child, shall have no claims
against CEIS, its administrators, faculty advisers, staff-in-charge should any damage caused or
liability be incurred to proper or person.
 SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPARTMENT

City of Malolos, Bulacan

NOTICE FOR OFF-CAMPUS RESEARCH AND WAIVER OF LIABILITY

March 7, 2020

Dearest parents;

Centro Escolar Integrated School has always aimed to provide its students with the best quality
education that will equip and prepare them for life. While we strive to present our student with
first rate instruction inside the classroom, we also believe that important learning may be
acquired in real-life interactions and authentic social situations.

The subject Practical Research 1 opens many opportunities for our students to interact with the
world around them, observe actual people and phenomena, and learn from these experiences
and circumstances. With this thought in mind, we wish to partner with you in taking advantage of
this chance to obtain for your child valuable knowledge and skill through extramural research.
The work that your child that will do outside of school may include any or all of the following:

1. Possible interaction with strangers who are potential respondents to their study;
2. Journey in unfamiliar places; and/or
3. Collection of materials that may be hazardous to their health or safety.
In school, we will provide them with the concepts, trainings, guidelines, and other pertinent
information that will prepare them in conducting their research outside the school. Accordingly,
we appeal to you to support our student in this endeavor by providing them with safe conduct to
and from their respective study locations and guidance throughout their off-campus research
work. It will be best to discuss with your child their plans on how to go about their research in
order for you to properly assess the risk involved.

If you would consent for your child to undertake off-campus research, please read the waiver
below and check the appropriate response. Should you deem the risks to be too great, we
would understand and recommend that your child conduct their research within school premises
only; please tick the corresponding response below. We assure you that your refusal to allow
your child will not affect his/her grades in the subject.

We thank you for our understanding and continuous support to our school and its endeavors.
Yours Truly,

Noted By:
 WAIVER

Having fully understood the planned off-campus research and properly evaluated the risks
involved in conducting one, we, together with our child, knows that Centro Escolar Integrated
School and its administrators, faculty and staff will equip my child with necessary knowledge
and guidance required for his/her safety and well-being during their off-campus research work.
This would include oral and/or written instruction that may be given before or during the activity
which, if followed, would ensure the safety of my child. If my child disregards or falls to follow
those instructions or should act on his/her own, I together with my child, shall have no claims
against CEIS, its administrators, faculty advisers, staff-in-charge should any damage caused or
liability be incurred to proper or person.
 SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPARTMENT

City of Malolos, Bulacan

NOTICE FOR OFF-CAMPUS RESEARCH AND WAIVER OF LIABILITY

March 7, 2020

Dearest parents;

Centro Escolar Integrated School has always aimed to provide its students with the best quality
education that will equip and prepare them for life. While we strive to present our student with
first rate instruction inside the classroom, we also believe that important learning may be
acquired in real-life interactions and authentic social situations.

The subject Practical Research 1 opens many opportunities for our students to interact with the
world around them, observe actual people and phenomena, and learn from these experiences
and circumstances. With this thought in mind, we wish to partner with you in taking advantage of
this chance to obtain for your child valuable knowledge and skill through extramural research.
The work that your child that will do outside of school may include any or all of the following:

1. Possible interaction with strangers who are potential respondents to their study;
2. Journey in unfamiliar places; and/or
3. Collection of materials that may be hazardous to their health or safety.
In school, we will provide them with the concepts, trainings, guidelines, and other pertinent
information that will prepare them in conducting their research outside the school. Accordingly,
we appeal to you to support our student in this endeavor by providing them with safe conduct to
and from their respective study locations and guidance throughout their off-campus research
work. It will be best to discuss with your child their plans on how to go about their research in
order for you to properly assess the risk involved.

If you would consent for your child to undertake off-campus research, please read the waiver
below and check the appropriate response. Should you deem the risks to be too great, we
would understand and recommend that your child conduct their research within school premises
only; please tick the corresponding response below. We assure you that your refusal to allow
your child will not affect his/her grades in the subject.

We thank you for our understanding and continuous support to our school and its endeavors.
Yours Truly,

Noted By:
 WAIVER

Having fully understood the planned off-campus research and properly evaluated the risks
involved in conducting one, we, together with our child, knows that Centro Escolar Integrated
School and its administrators, faculty and staff will equip my child with necessary knowledge
and guidance required for his/her safety and well-being during their off-campus research work.
This would include oral and/or written instruction that may be given before or during the activity
which, if followed, would ensure the safety of my child. If my child disregards or falls to follow
those instructions or should act on his/her own, I together with my child, shall have no claims
against CEIS, its administrators, faculty advisers, staff-in-charge should any damage caused or
liability be incurred to proper or person.
 SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPARTMENT

City of Malolos, Bulacan

NOTICE FOR OFF-CAMPUS RESEARCH AND WAIVER OF LIABILITY

March 7, 2020

Dearest parents;

Centro Escolar Integrated School has always aimed to provide its students with the best quality
education that will equip and prepare them for life. While we strive to present our student with
first rate instruction inside the classroom, we also believe that important learning may be
acquired in real-life interactions and authentic social situations.

The subject Practical Research 1 opens many opportunities for our students to interact with the
world around them, observe actual people and phenomena, and learn from these experiences
and circumstances. With this thought in mind, we wish to partner with you in taking advantage of
this chance to obtain for your child valuable knowledge and skill through extramural research.
The work that your child that will do outside of school may include any or all of the following:

1. Possible interaction with strangers who are potential respondents to their study;
2. Journey in unfamiliar places; and/or
3. Collection of materials that may be hazardous to their health or safety.
In school, we will provide them with the concepts, trainings, guidelines, and other pertinent
information that will prepare them in conducting their research outside the school. Accordingly,
we appeal to you to support our student in this endeavor by providing them with safe conduct to
and from their respective study locations and guidance throughout their off-campus research
work. It will be best to discuss with your child their plans on how to go about their research in
order for you to properly assess the risk involved.

If you would consent for your child to undertake off-campus research, please read the waiver
below and check the appropriate response. Should you deem the risks to be too great, we
would understand and recommend that your child conduct their research within school premises
only; please tick the corresponding response below. We assure you that your refusal to allow
your child will not affect his/her grades in the subject.

We thank you for our understanding and continuous support to our school and its endeavors.
Yours Truly,

Noted By:
24

WAIVER

Having fully understood the planned off-campus research and properly evaluated the risks
involved in conducting one, we, together with our child, knows that Centro Escolar Integrated
School and its administrators, faculty and staff will equip my child with necessary knowledge
and guidance required for his/her safety and well-being during their off-campus research work.
This would include oral and/or written instruction that may be given before or during the activity
which, if followed, would ensure the safety of my child. If my child disregards or falls to follow
those instructions or should act on his/her own, I together with my child, shall have no claims
against CEIS, its administrators, faculty advisers, staff-in-charge should any damage caused or
liability be incurred to proper or person.
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Malolos, Bulacan

March 10, 2019

Engr. Raquel P. Tiongco

Civil Engineer
Malolos City, Bulacan

Madam Raquel,

Greetings of good will!

The undersigned senior high school students of Centro Escolar Integrated School-Malolos is currently working with
their research entitled “EXPLORING THE WORKINGS OF GREEN ANTZ BUILDERS INCORPORATED. ”, this study
aims to know and understand the advocacy and concept of Green Antz Builders Inc..

Furthermore, the proponents would like to ask permission for validation of research instruments (interview questions
and observations checklist) regarding the said study.

Moreover, your positive response regarding this matter will be highly appreciated.

Thank you very much and God bless.

Respectfully Yours,
Proposed Guide Questions:
1. How do you define the eco-bricks produced by your company?
2. Does the company have specific criteria for using solid waste?
3. Where do they acquire these solid wastes?
4. What is the goal of the company?
5. How can the company’s product help solve the solid waste pollution evident in our country?
6. Why does the company produce/focus on eco-bricks?
7. What is the primary material in making eco-bricks?
8. What is the significance of eco-bricks on a society?
9. What is the difference between the normal eco-brick to the eco-bricks produced by the company?

Proposed Observations Checklist:

▪ Compliance to safety standards

▪ Compliance to Labor Code of the Philippines set by DOLE

▪ Clean and safe environment for workers

▪ Complete and registered permits to operate the company

Approved by:

_______________________________
Raquel P. Tiongco
Licensed Civil Engineer
EXPLORING THE WORKINGS OF GREEN ANTZ BUILDERS INCORPORATED
Objectives of the Study:

· The objective of the study is to raise awareness about what plastics can do, if will not be

prevented, to teenagers, families and specifically to the government.

· The study aims to know and understand the advocacy and ways of Green Antz Builders Inc. and

their way of making their eco-bricks.

· The study also aims to spread knowledge about how Green Antz Builders, Inc. are helping to solve

the issue through their product which is the ecobricks.

Research Questions:

1. Provide a description of the business from the viewpoint of the respondents.

2. Explore how the eco-bricks are made.

3. Acquire knowledge on the types of materials needed in building eco-bricks.

4. Provide a reason as to why the company and its product is unique.

5. Observe the processes and methods done by the company.

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
City of Malolos, Bulacan

March 4, 2019

Mr. Gilbert Angeles

Secretary to the CEO
Plaridel, Bulacan

Sir Gilbert,

Greetings of good will!

The undersigned senior high school students of Centro Escolar Integrated School- Malolos is currently working with
their research entitled “EXPLORING THE WORKINGS OF GREEN ANTZ BUILDERS INCORPORATED ”. This study
aims to know and understand the advocacy and concept of Green Antz Builders Inc..

Furthermore, the proponents would like to ask permission to conduct an interview and observation regarding the said
study.

Moreover, your positive response regarding this matter will be highly appreciated.

Thank you very much and God bless.

Respectfully Yours,

Student Researcher, Leader

Noted:
Guide Questions:

1. How do you define the eco-bricks produced by your company?

2. Does the company have specific criteria for using solid waste?

3. Where do they acquire these solid wastes?

4. What is the goal of the company?

5. How can the company’s product help solve the solid waste pollution evident in our country?

6. Why does the company produce/focus on eco-bricks?

7. What is the primary material in making eco-bricks?

8. What is the significance of eco-bricks on a society?

9. What is the difference between the normal eco-brick to the eco-bricks produced by the company?

Observations Checklist:

 Compliance to safety standards

 Compliance to Labor Code of the Philippines set by DOLE

 Clean and safe environment for workers

 Complete and registered permits to operate the company

 Proper benefits and social security for employees

 34

APPENDIX B

(Curriculum Vitae)
ALEANA FELIS BALTAZAR DIOLA

Address #5029 Ibayo Street, San Francisco,Bulakan,

Bulacan 3017

Contact Number 09559367332

Email aleanadiola@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth April 7, 2003

Place of Birth Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Age 16

Nationality Filipino

Religion Roman Catholic

Civil Status Single

Father’s Name Alfred O. Diola

Mother’s Name Maria Elena C. Baltazar-Diola

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY

School Centro Escolar Integrated School-Malolos

Address Km. 44 McArthur Highway, Longos, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2019-Present

School Assumpta Academy

Address #8 Camino Real Street, San Jose,Bulakan, Bulacan 3017

Year 2015-2019

ELEMENTARY

School Holy Spirit Academy

Address Sta. Isabel, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2009-2015
CLYDE JOHN CAYANAN CHUATECO

Address Blk. 8 Lot 20 7th Street, Santa Clara Estates,

Pritil, Guiguinto, Bulacan 3015

Contact Number 09064722917

Email clydejohnc.chuateco@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth March 26, 2002

Place of Birth Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Age 17

Nationality Filipino

Religion Roman Catholic

Civil Status Single

Father’s Name Cliffton T. Chuateco

Mother’s Name Winnielyn C. Chuateco

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY

School Centro Escolar Integrated School-Malolos

Address Km. 44 McArthur Highway, Longos, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2019-Present

School Holy Infant School of Sta. Isabel

Address Bagong Bayan, Sta. Isabel, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2015-2019

ELEMENTARY

School Holy Infant School of Sta. Isabel

Address Bagong Bayan, Sta. Isabel, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2015-2016

School La Consolacion University Philippines

Address Catmon, Malolos City, Bulacan

Year 2014-2015

School Holy Infant School of Sta. Isabel

Address Bagong Bayan, Sta. Isabel, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2009-2014
HONEY FAYE DAVID HERNANDEZ

Address 1st Bridge San Gabriel, Macabebe, Pampanga

2018

Contact Number 09976174796

Email fayehernandez@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth February 20, 2002

Place of Birth Magalang, Pampanga 2011

Age 18

Nationality Filipino

Religion Christian

Civil Status Single

Father’s Name Rogelio A. Hernandez

Mother’s Name Russel D. Hernandez

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY
School Centro Escolar Integrated School-Malolos

Address Km. 44 McArthur Highway, Longos, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2019-Present

School CaduangTete National High School

Address Danga, CaduangTete, Macabebe, Pampanga 2018

Year 2015-2019

ELEMENTARY

School Saint Nicholas Academy, Center Catholic Education Inc.

Address Poblacion, #469 Macabebe, Pampanga 2018

Year 2012-2014

School Christian Vision Academy

Address Phase 2 Bet Blk. O & P, Santa Lucia Resstlement Area, Magalang, Pampanga

2011

Year 2010-2012

School CaduangTete Elementary School

Address Danga, CaduangTete, Macabebe, Pampanga 2018

Year 2008-2010
JENNA ALISON GUINTU MANANSALA

Address #134 San Nicolas, Masantol, Pampanga 2017

Contact Number 09154112775

Email alisonmnsl26@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth November 26, 2002

Place of Birth San Fernando City, Pampanga 2000

Age 17

Nationality Filipino

Religion Roman Catholic

Civil Status Single

Father’s Name Jesus Romano L. Manansala

Mother’s Name Leonida G. Manansala

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY

School Centro Escolar Integrated School-Malolos

Address Km. 44 McArthur Highway, Longos, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2019-Present

School St. Scholastica’s Academy

Address McArthur Highway, San Agustin, San Fernando, Pampanga 2000

Year 2015-2019

ELEMENTARY

School St. Scholastica’s Academy

Address McArthur Highway, San Agustin, San Fernando, Pampanga 2000

Year 2009-2015
JORDAN TONGOL MANAHAN

Address #27 E. Jacinto Street Northfields Executive

Village Longos, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Contact Number 09167544285

Email jormanahan@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth August 29, 2002

Place of Birth Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Age 17

Nationality Filipino

Religion Seventh Day Adventist

Civil Status Single

Father’s Name Manuel P. Manahan

Mother’s Name Fallorina T. Manahan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY
School Centro Escolar Integrated School-Malolos

Address Km. 44 McArthur Highway, Longos, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2015-Present

ELEMENTARY

School Holy Infant School of Sta. Isabel

Address Bagong Bayan, Sta. Isabel, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2013-2015

School Community Elementary School SDA

Address #3 Community Elementary Sabitan Street, Santo Rosario, Malolos City, Bulacan

3000

Year 2011-2013

School St. John the Baptist Catholic School

Address Burgos, Calumpit, Bulacan 2003

Year 2009-2011
LUIZ JEGO ADRIAN SALONGA ABAD

Address #160 Remedios Street, Guinhawa, Malolos City,

Bulacan

Contact Number 09150424891

Email jegoadrianaba@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth April 4, 2002

Place of Birth Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Age 17

Nationality Filipino

Religion Roman Catholic

Civil Status Single

Father’s Name Federico V. Abad Jr.

Mother’s Name Irene S. Abad

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY
School Centro Escolar Integrated School-Malolos

Address Km. 44 McArthur Highway, Longos, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2019-Present

School Holy Infant School of Sta. Isabel

Address Bagong Bayan, Sta. Isabel, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2015-2019

ELEMENTARY

School Holy Infant School of Sta. Isabel

Address Bagong Bayan, Sta. Isabel, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2009-2015
PATRICK JAN TUAZON AVECILLA

Address Blk. 8 Lot 18 B, Mary Grace Village, Santo

Nino, Plaridel, Bulacan, 3004

Contact Number 09284762332

Email celtfxd@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth January 2, 2003

Place of Birth San Juan, La Union 2514

Age 17

Nationality Filipino

Religion Roman Catholic

Civil Status Single

Father’s Name Ricardo L. Avecilla Jr.

Mother’s Name Rusela T. Avecilla

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY
School Centro Escolar Integrated School-Malolos

Address Km. 44 McArthur Highway, Longos, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2019-Present

School Saint Francis De Assisi Montessori School

Address #262 P. Javier Street, Corner J, Garcia Street, Plaridel, Bulacan 3004

Year 2015-2019

ELEMENTARY

School Saint Francis De Assisi Montessori School

Address #262 P. Javier Street, Corner J, Garcia Street, Plaridel, Bulacan 3004

Year 2011-2015

School Liceo De Pulilan

Address #247 Esguerra Street, Longos, Pulilan, Bulacan 3005

Year 2009-2011
RUFINO GUEVARRA ESGUERRA JR.

Address Blk. 41 Lot 9-11 Phase 3, Grady Street, Longos,

Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Contact Number 09173371553

Email ruffyesguerra23@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth November 3, 2002

Place of Birth Hagonoy, Bulacan3002

Age 17

Nationality Filipino

Religion Roman Catholic

Civil Status Single

Father’s Name Rufino P. Esguerra Sr.

Mother’s Name Epifanya G. Esguerra

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

SECONDARY
School Centro Escolar Integrated School-Malolos

Address Km. 44 McArthur Highway, Longos, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2019-Present

School Stella Maris Academy

Address Valenzuela, Bulihan, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2016-2019

School Saint Ezekiel School

Address Blas Ople Road, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2015-2016

ELEMENTARY

School Saint Ezekiel School

Address Blas Ople Road, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2010-2015

School Academia De San Gabriel Archangel

Address Grand Royale Subdivision, Bulihan, Malolos City, Bulacan 3000

Year 2009-2010