Comparing the effectivity of Glutinous rice

starch (Oryza Sativa var Glutinosa) and Cassava

starch (Manihot Esculenta) in making

Biodegradable plastic

CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Plastics are a part of our daily lives. Unfortunately, that doesn’t mean they’re safe or
responsible. Most of the things we buy use disposal plastic, packaging, cosmetics, straw even
fishing nets. Plastics are not inherently bad, and they have many redeeming ecological features;
in fact, many of the techniques we utilize in our designs involve targeted use of plastic
products. Their durability and low maintenance reduce material replacement, their light weight
reduces shipping energy, their formulation into glue products allows for the creation of
engineered lumber and sheet products from recycled wood, and their formulation into superior
insulation and sealant products improves the energy performance of our structures.But Plastics
pose a threat to the environment because the breakdown of different types of plastic leads to
the release of various toxic chemicals.

Using glutinous rice is in developing biodegradable plastics is one big step to lessen, if not total
eliminate, our global concerns. “Malagkit” is tagalog word for glutinous rice. Here inPhillipines,
glutinous rice is grown mostly in Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog as very popular food
ingredient in the Philippines. It is widely used in making native delicacies such suman, puto,
biko, etc.Why is it so sticky? It all comes down to starch content: the starch in rice has two
components, amylose and amylopectin. Medium and long-grain rices have a higher proportion
of amylose, whereas the starch in short-grain glutinous rice is almost all amylopectin,
contributing to its moist and stickier texture.

Biodegradable plastic is plastic that decomposes naturally in the environment. This is achieved
when microorganisms in the environment metabolize and break down the structure of
biodegradable plastic. The end result is one which is less harmful to the environment than
traditional plastics. Biodegradable plastics are made from all-natural plant materials. These can
include corn oil, orange peels, starch, and plants. Traditional plastic is made with chemical
fillers that can be harmful to the environment when released when the plastic is melted down.
With biodegradable plastic, you get a substance made from natural sources that does not
contain these chemical fillers, and does not pose the same risk to the environment. We knew
that cassava starch was effective as a component for biodegradable plastic but the reseachers
want to compare the glutinous rice in cassava starch if this component is also effective for
biodegradable plastic.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of glutinous rice compare to cassava starch.

Specially, it seeks to answer the following questions:

a. Does glutinous rice is effective component in making biodegradable plastic?

b. What is the physicochemical property of glutinous rice? Cassava starch?
c. Does glutinous rice is more effective than cassava starch?
d. How long it takes to make biodegradable plastic?
e. What is the significant effect of our study in the environment?

HYPOTHESIS
Alternative:

- Glutinous rice along with the other main ingredients, could create biodegradable platstic.

- Glutinous rice is an effective component in making biodegradable plastic.

Null :

-Glutinous rice along with the other main ingredients, could not create biodegradable plastic.

-Glutinous rice is not effective component in making biodegradable plastic.

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study aims to determine the effectiveness of glutinous rice as component
of making biodegradable plastic. We do this project because biodegradable plastic has a high
demand in industry in our country. This is why we came up with this project, to prove that
plastics can also be made by using a natural base, such as potato starch, and by using this as the
base we can make plastics that are biodegradable, to make a product that would be safe for the
environment.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study benefits the major stakeholders of plastic industry, government
agencies that focuses in the environment,and people in general.

Government

Because of the high demand of plastic in industry, the result of the study could be a significant
element of the government’s intervention.

People

The study would also benefit the people because it is environmental friendly and it’s not
harmful.

Biodegradable plastics hold many advantages over standard plastics with a lesser impact on the
environment being one of its greatest advantages. This study would also benefit researchers
and scientific community as a reference for future studies that might be parallel to the study.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study focuses the effectiveness of glutinous rice as a component in making
biodegradable plastics. This study is only limited in two (2) set ups.

Set up one which was the cassava starch and set up two which was the glutinous rice.

CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Plastic
 The word plastic came from the Greek word plastikos, meaning it fit for moulding. Plastics can
be as hard as metal or as soft as silk. polymer chains. Everywhere you look you will find plastics.
We use plastic products to help make our lives cleaner, easier, safer and more enjoyable. You
will find plastics in the clothes we wear, the houses we live in, and the cars we travel in. The
toys we play with, the televisions we watch, the computers we use and the CDs we listen to
contain plastics. Even the toothbrush you use every day contains plastics.
 Biodegradable plastics are plastics that are capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other
living organisms.

Two basic classes of biodegradable plastics exist:

 Bioplastics, whose components are derived from renewable raw materials
 Plastics made from petrochemicals with biodegradable additives which enhance
biodegradation.
Starch
Starch is a natural organic polymer manufactured by green plants through photosynthesis to
serve as metabolic reserve it occurs in the form of grains in many 'parts of the plant ,principally
in embryonic tissues such as seeds, fruits, roots and tubers.
Glycerol
Glycerol is the simplest trihydric alcohol. In commercial form, it is called glycerin. It is a
colorless odorless and viscous liquid with a sweet taste. It is completely soluble in water and
alcohol but is only slightly soluble in many common solvents, such as ether, ethylacetate and
dioxane. It is widely used in coatings and paints, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Plastic production is relatively new technology. Experiments are being conducted to relieve the
negative effects 'of overproducing plastics. By changing its raw materials and additives,
commercial plastic may be improved so that it will become degradable while retaining its good
quality.