The Acceptability Level of Alternative Craft Glue made out of Star Apple

(Chrysophyllum caimito) sap and Flour

Ervin V. Alba Jr.

Submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirements in Research IV

Pili National High School

Pili, Camarines Sur

December 2019

Ma. Lilany Q. Barnedo

Research Adviser
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Glues are chemical – formulated substances that bind material together. It is a generic

term used to describe a variety of adhesives used in arts and crafts, school projects, hobbies and

other genera crafting. From standard white paper used in classrooms around world, the

specialized glues are appropriate for particular activities.

Our country is suffering crisis nowadays, Industrial and commercial products cost high. I

made this study about making glues to become more educated to other people on how to make

alternative glue.

Background of the Study

The oldest known glue, cleated to approximately 200,000 BC, its from spear stone flakes

glued to a wood both birch-bark-tar, which has been found in central Italy. The use of the

compound use to haft stone appears into wood dates back to round 70,000 BC. Evidence for this

has been found in Sibudu Cave, South Africa and the compound glues used were made from

plant gum and re ochre (F. Sauter, 2000).

Glues are chemical – formulated substances that bind materials together. It is a generic

term use to describe a variety of adhesives used in arts and crafts, school projects, hobbies and

other general crafting. From standard white paper used in classrooms around the world, the

specialized glues are appropriate for particular activities.

 Importance of the Study

Our community is suffering from crisis nowadays, Industrial and commercial products

cost high. I made this study mainly out of Star apple extract to help the community use it as an

alternative instead of buying.

Statement of the Objectives

Generally, this research aims to produce alternative glue made out of Star apple

(Chrysophym caimito) sap and flour. Specially, the researcher would seek to:

a. The acceptability level of the star apple sap made into glue in terms of odor, stickness,

color, and moisture.

b. The significant difference between star apple sap and flour and commercialized craft

glue.

Statement of the Problem

This research study aims to answer the following question:

a. What is the acceptability level of Star apple sap made into glue in terms of odor,

stickiness, color, and moisture?

b. Is there a significant difference between Star apple sap an dflour as glue and

commercialized craft glue?

 Significance of the Study
The result of this study is maybe beneficial to the following:

To the environment, because we can preserve our forest since this plant are easily grown and

produced.

To the community, for they can use the star apple sap and flour as an alternative glue to generate

income for the people of their community especially for those who have been struggling from

high cost products and this plant is accessible for people than buying glue.

To the future researcher, the result of this study will serve as a spring board in conducting studies

related to glue making out of indigenous materials that are abundant in their community. This

research study would be also beneficial if the experiment is proven to be as acceptable as glue

then, it can be use instead.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is only limited in finding out of the level of acceptability of star apple sap

made into glue. The main objective of this study is to produce alternative glue made out from

star apple sap. This study only focusses on the extract of the star apple sap as an alternative to

commercialized craft glue, the material applied on is only paper. This study will be conducted in

the year 2020 at Zone 1, Causip, Bula, Camarines Sur.

 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

A powder made by grinding raw grains, roots, beans, nuts, or seeds. It is used to make many
different foods. Cereal flour is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for most
cultures. Wheat flour is one of the most important ingredients in Oceanic, European, South
American, North American, Middle Eastern, North Indian and North African cultures, and is the
defining ingredient in their styles of breads and pastries.

Wheat is the most common base for flour. Corn flour has been important in Mesoamerican
cuisine since ancient times and remains a staple in the Americas. Rye flour is a constituent of
bread in central Europe.

Cereal flour consists either of the endosperm, germ, and bran together (whole-grain flour) or of
the endosperm alone (refined flour). Meal is either differentiable from flour as having slightly
coarser particle size (degree of comminution) or is synonymous with flour; the word is used both
ways. For example, the word cornmeal often connotes a grittier texture whereas corn flour
connotes fine powder, although there is no codified dividing line.

Flour – Wikipedia
https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki › Flour

Star apple grows successfully in a range of tropical or near tropical areas. Throughout Southeast
Asia it thrives in the lowlands, up to 400 metres elevation, and in areas with a distinct dry
season[306
]. If the dry period is most pronounced, undue loss of leaves and less juicy or even shrivelled
fruit are evident, which indicates that the drought is too severe and irrigation is needed[306
]. The temperature range for growth is reported to be 12 – 35°c with the optimum between 22 –
38°c[303
]. Mature trees are seriously injured by temperatures below -2°c and recover slowly. Young trees
may be killed by even short exposure to -0.5°c[303
]. The annual rainfall range for growth is reported to be 800 – 2,200mm with the optimum
between 1,000 – 1,400mm303].
Requires a moist, well-drained soil[296
]. Prefers a deep, rich loam[200
]. Fertile, well drained and slightly acid soils are ideal for good growth, though the plant can
succeed on almost all types of soil[306
]. Prefers a sunny position[307
]. Established plants are tolerant of drought[307
].
Trees take about 5 – 10 years to produce fruit from seed[296
, 377
]. Grafted plants can start to fruit in 2 – 4 years[377
].
Some trees yield heavy crops of fruit, others bear little[303
]. Young trees are sensitive to water stress in their first year, and growth during that time is slow.
Once the tree is established, growth rate and development become more rapid. Deep mulching
with straw or lawn clippings, application of fertilizer andIt has numerous common names
including cainito, caimito, tar apple, star apple, purple star apple, golden leaf tree, abiaba,
pomme de lait, estrella, milk fruit and aguay. It is also known by the synonym Achras cainito. In
Vietnam, it is called Vú Sữa (literally: milky breast/nipples). In Malayalam it is called
“Swarnapathry” meaning ‘[the tree with] golden leaves’. In Cambodia, this fruit is called “Plae
Teuk Dos” which means milk fruit due to its milky juices inside.

The leaves are evergreen, alternate, simple oval, entire, 5–15 cm long; the underside shines with
a golden color when seen from a distance. The tiny flowers are purplish white and have a sweet
fragrant smell. The tree is also hermaphroditic (self-fertile). It produces a strong odor.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysophyllum_cainito
http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Chrysophyllum+cainito

a sticky material (usually a liquid) that can stick two or more things together. Glue can be made
from plant or animal parts, or it can be made from oil-based chemicals.

The first glues may have been natural liquids that come out of trees when they are cut. Later,
people learned to make glue by boiling animal feet, cartilage or bones. Some very strong glues
were first made from fish bones, rubber or milk.
A simple glue can be made at home by mixing wheat, flour and water. This glue will stick pieces
of paper together. Many kinds of art can be made using glue. A collage is a work of art made by
using glue to stick coloured things onto paper.

Some glues can be used to keep water out of boats, buildings or vehicles. In this case, the glue
may be called caulk. Some man-made materials, including wood-like materials, are made using
glues to bind together small pieces of material or powders.

While many glues are safe, certain kinds of glue contain strong-smelling chemicals. Some people
sniff these glues to get high. Sometimes people breathe in the vapors by mistake. This is a very
bad idea because these chemicals are often poisons and may cause brain damage or illness.

Glue can also be made from rice or rice flour.

Adhesive – Wikipedia
https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki › Adhe…

Statement of the Hypotheses

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between star apple sap and flour made into glue and

commercialized craft glue.

Alternative Hypothesis

There is a significant difference between star apple sap and flour made into glue and

commercialized craft glue.

 Conceptual Framework

Set up A. Acceptability level of glue made

Star apple sap and flour up from star apple sap and flour
in terms of:
A. Odor
Set up B. B. Stickiness
C. Color
Commercialized Craft Glue D. Moisture

Conceptual Paradigm
The paradigm in figure 1 shows a comparison between set up A (star apple sap and flour as glue)

and set up B (commercialized craft glue), together with the dependent variables (odor, stickiness,

color and moistureness) and independent variable (Set up A and Set up B).

Definition of Terms

Star apple

 Is a tropical tree that grow in warm region for ornament of fruit

 It usually green to purple apple – shape edible fruit that when cut in cross – section

reveals a star – shape pattern form by the carpels.

Sap

 The fluid part of a plant

Flour

 A product consisting of finding milled wheat

Glue

 Some substance use stick things tightly together.

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents methods and procedures that will be used to attain valid and

relevant result of the study. The main purpose of this study is to determine specifically the

acceptability level of star apple sap and flour as glue.

Respondent

This study will use an experimental research design. The study will randomly choose

twelve (12) respondents which are student of Pili National High School.

Materials and instrument

The instrument to be used for data collection in this study is a questionnaire. The research

sampling design to be used is simple random sampling. It is the primary and best known

probability sampling design. It gives each unit of the population in the equal chance of being

included in the sample.

Procedure

Preparation of ingredients.

The ingredients for the alternative craft glue are: 10 table spoon of star apple sap, 5 table

spoon of flour and a cup of water. The tools to be used are mixing bowls, measuring cup, table

spoon and stirrer.

Standardization of Recipe

Put 5 table spoon of flour in a bowl then add 1 cup of water and stir. Mix well until

desired stickiness is achieved and add 10 table spoon of star apple sap.

Experimental Design

Two set-ups will be used in conducting this experiment. Each set-up will be using

different kinds of cream. The Star apple sap and flour as glue will be using in Set-up A, while the

commercially-manufactured glue will be using in Set-up B.

The given evaluation sheets will be composed of a table where the comparison

between the two set-ups is the bases. The two different set-ups will be rate and compare by the

chosen 10 respondents from the students of Pili National High School in terms of odor,

stickiness, color and moisture using numbers. In the legend given, 5 will be good, 3 will be fair

and 1 will be poor.

Analysis of Data
 In this part, the student-researcher explained in a brief manner how it will be analyzed the

primary data collected. The researcher involved in identifying common patterns within the

responses and critically analyzing them in order to achieve the research aims and objectives.

Properties
Odor Stickiness Color Moisture
Set-up
A
B
Legend:
5-Good 3-Fair 1-Poor
Final Average:

Statistical Tool

The T-test for Two Independent Samples is the tools that will be used in

determining if there are difference between the alternative craft glue made from

star apple sap and flour and the commercialized craft glue. This statistical tool

compared two (2) sample means to determine whether the means are significantly

different and whether there is statistical evidence. It cannot make comparisons

among more than two groups. The proponent of this research used weighing mean

to get the final ratings of the two set-ups and determine the probability distribution.

CHAPTER IV