Professional Documents
Culture Documents
REVISION REGISTER
Date Clause Description of Revision Authorised
Number By
06/05/2015 814.02 AS 5100 deleted SDSE/A
AS 1478, AS 3582,
AS 3972 and ASTM C1611
added
814.03 A section added for
definition
814.04 A section added for
competency of piling
contract
814.08 Percentage of admixtures
and the allowable time from
batching to placing are
recommended
814.26 Adjustment to tolerances
on piles
Whole document Significant editing
17/01/2011 Whole document Issue 1.0 SDSE/A
Clause Page No
GENERAL....................................................................................................................... 4
814.01 SCOPE ............................................................................................................. 4
814.02 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................4
814.03 DEFINITIONS .....................................................................................................4
814.04 COMPETENCY OF PILING CONTRACTOR ..............................................................5
814.05 PILE INSTALLATION PLAN...................................................................................5
814.06 NOT USED........................................................................................................ 5
MATERIALS....................................................................................................................5
814.07 GENERAL ..........................................................................................................5
814.08 CONCRETE .......................................................................................................5
814.09 REINFORCEMENT ..............................................................................................6
814.10 – 814.19 NOT USED.........................................................................................6
OPERATIONS.................................................................................................................7
814.20 GENERAL ..........................................................................................................7
814.21 SET OUT........................................................................................................... 7
814.22 AUGERING ........................................................................................................7
814.23 CONCRETING AND WITHDRAWAL OF AUGER ........................................................8
814.24 PLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT CAGE .............................................................9
814.25 TOLERANCES ON PILES .....................................................................................9
814.26 PILE INSTALLATION RECORDS ..........................................................................10
814.27 PILE CUT -OFF.................................................................................................10
814.28 NOT USED......................................................................................................10
TESTING....................................................................................................................... 10
814.29 GENERAL .......................................................................................................10
814.30 CONCRETE SAMPLING AND TESTING ................................................................11
814.31 PRE-PRODUCTION TESTING .............................................................................11
814.32 INTEGRITY TESTING ........................................................................................12
814.33 STATIC LOAD TESTING.....................................................................................12
814.34 PILE DYNAMIC LOAD TESTING ..........................................................................12
814.35 – 814.80 NOT USED.......................................................................................13
ANNEXURE 814A.........................................................................................................14
COMPONENT OF PILE INSTALLATION PLAN .........................................................................14
ANNEXURE 814B.........................................................................................................15
pile installation record....................................................................................................15
GENERAL
814.01 SCOPE
814.02 REFERENCES
Australian Standards
AS 1012 Methods of Testing Concrete
AS 1478 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete. Mortar and Grout
AS 2159 Piling - Design and Installation
AS 3582 Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Use with
Portland and Blended Cement
AS 3972 General Purpose and Blended Cements
Other References
ASTM C1611 Standard Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-
Consolidating Concrete
814.03 DEFINITIONS
2. The Piling Contractor shall provide evidence that all CFA piling Operator
operators on the project have adequate training and experience in competenc
producing good quality CFA piles in similar ground conditions to those y
anticipated at the site.
3. The Piling Contractor shall provide for the duration of the CFA Supervision
piling operations, a full-time supervisor with a minimum of 5 years’
experience in the construction of CFA piles.
MATERIALS
814.07 GENERAL
814.08 CONCRETE
814.09 REINFORCEMENT
814.20 GENERAL
1 All piles shall be set out in accordance with design Set Out
requirements and appropriate procedures taken to protect adjacent
services, structures and piles.
2. Check the horizontal position and verticality of the
piling/drilling rig prior to the construction of each pile.
3. Locate construction equipment at sufficient distance from the
pile being drilled and from recently constructed piles to avoid any
displacement of the concrete column caused by the surcharge load of
the equipment.
4. Confirm set out of all piles before commencing HOLD
installation. POINT
814.22 AUGERING
1. The piling rig must have adequate power and torque capacity
to install a pile to the depth of the piles shown on the approved drawings
with provision for contingencies.
2. Suitable cutting heads and augers shall be used to auger to
the design diameter and depth shown on the drawings. The Piling
Contractor shall regularly check that worn components are replaced.
3 Augering must be carried out at a rate that prevents drawing
of the surrounding material laterally into the pile hole.
4. Automatic continuous measurements shall be made and
recorded during the drilling operation including depth of the auger
injection point, speed of revolution, penetration per revolution, torque
delivered to the auger, and progressive total number of auger
revolutions. All measurements must be referenced to (or plotted against)
the depth of auger injection point.
1. The Piling Contractor must maintain accurate records for each Annexure
pile constructed. These records must include data shown at Annexure 814B
814B.
2. The records for each pile including plots as specified in Clause
814.22(4) and 814.23(11) must be provided to the Principal or delegated
authority within 24 hours of the completion of the pile.
TESTING
814.29 GENERAL
1. The Piling Contractor shall carry out integrity testing using the Integrity
method approved by the Designer and the Principal or delegated Testing
authority on the test pile and the samples of production piles as
nominated on the drawings or by the Principal or delegated authority on
site.
2. The designer shall determine the percentage of the pile shafts
to be tested for integrity in accordance with AS 2159, but not less than
10% when design load is governed by pile geotechnical capacity, or 20%
when design load is governed by pile structural capacity.
3. Integrity testing and reporting shall be carried out in
accordance with AS 2159 Appendix D - Integrity Testing.
4. Integrity testing equipment and technique must be capable of
checking cross-section irregularities in piles and identifying the location
and characteristics of any significant anomalies such as voids or
contaminants.
5. Piles giving anomalous results must be subject to alternative
testing by the Piling Contractor and may be rejected if the testing results
indicate a lack of structural integrity, disadvantageous change in physical
dimensions, or inconsistency in material. Alternative testing is at the
discretion of the Principal or delegated authority but may include static
load testing in accordance with AS 2159 to ensure the pile serviceability
and ultimate geotechnical strength. All alternative testing is at no cost to
the Principal.
6. Additional integrity tests on all piles at a particular pier or
abutment may be required by the Principal or delegated authority if any
of the tested piles give anomalous results, and all additional tests are at
no cost to the Principal.
1. The option of static load testing and frequency of the testing Static Load
shall be determined by the Designer based on the nature of the project. Testing
2. If static load testing is specified as a result of 814.31.1,
814.32.5 or 814.33.1, testing and reporting shall be carried out in
accordance with AS 2159 including Appendix A – Static Load Test,
unless otherwise specifies.
1. The Piling Contractor must carry out pile dynamic load testing PDA
and analysis on the test pile and the samples of production piles as Testing
nominated on the drawings or by the Principal or delegated authority on
site.
The pile installation plan must include, but not be limited to, the following items:
1. List and performance characteristics of proposed equipment, including drilling rigs,
augers and other drilling tools, pumps for concrete, mixing equipment, automated
monitoring equipment, including details of procedures for calibrating equipment as
required;
2. Description of pile installation procedures;
3. A plan of the sequence of pile installation so as to ensure adequate concrete
strength is obtained before commencing drilling for adjacent piles;
4. Target drilling and concreting parameters for pile installation, including auger
rotation speed, penetration rates, torque, and concrete volume factors;
5. Detail of methods of reinforcement placement, including supporting for reinforcing
cages at the top of the pile and methods for centring the cages within the concrete
column ensuring the required minimum cover to reinforcement is met;
6. Mix designs for concrete to be used on the project, including ratio of each
component, aggregate grading curves, slump loss vs. time curves (which shall indicate
a slump flow not less than 400 mm at 3.5 hours after batching) and strength
development vs. time curves for mixes;
7. Equipment and procedures for monitoring and recording auger rotation speed, drill
resistances, torque and auger depths during installation;
8. Equipment and procedures for monitoring and recording concrete pressures and
volumes placed during installation;
9. Contingency plans for equipment failures during drilling, concreting or reinforcement
installation, or the interrupted construction process;
10. Proposed recording forms to be used during construction and testing;
11. Methodology to ensure pile and pile reinforcement location and battering tolerance
are met;
12. Details of the proposed integrity test and load test methods, including a method
statement of each test type, the hammer size proposed, the test criteria and details of
the record sheets proposed for monitoring results; and
13. Contingency plans for remediation and for piles deeper than design drawings.
The records required under Clause 814.27 for each pile constructed must show:
1. Pile location;
2. Ground surface elevation (reference grade for pile length);
3. Pile toe depth or elevation;
4. Elevation of pile head;
5. Pile length;
6. Auger diameter;
7. Details of the reinforcing steel (number, size and grade of longitudinal bars, size and
spacing of transverse steel; outside diameter and length of cage);
8. Slump and volume of concrete placed;
9. Theoretical volume of drilled hole;
10. Depth to which reinforcing steel was placed;
11. Date/Time of beginning of drilling;
12. Date/Time of completion of drilling;
13. Date/Time concrete was mixed;
14. Date/Time concrete truck arrived at project site, and copies of all concrete batch
tickets used for the pile construction;
15. Date/Time of beginning of concrete pumping;
16. Date/Time of completion of concrete pumping;
17. Date/Time of placement of steel;
18. Weather conditions, including air temperature, at time of concrete placement;
19. Identification of all concrete samples taken from the pile;
20. All other pertinent data relative to the pile installation; and
21. All readings made by the automated measuring and recording equipment as listed
in 814.22(6) and 814.23(11) together with pump efficiency calibration.
All edits to downloaded TDP documents must be tracked (most word processing
software allows this to be done automatically). Deletions must be struck through e.g.
example. Insertions must be in italics e.g. example. If all information relating to a
clause is deleted then the clause number should be retained and the words "NOT
USED" should be inserted.
The proposed documents with tracked changes must be submitted to the Project
Manager for review, prior to printing the final batch of documents. When this final
printing is carried out, the tracked changes option is to be turned off.
The Custodian of this specification is the Structures Design and Standards Engineer.
1. Static testing shall be specified in situations where piles are used in a pier, are fully
utilised for capacity or the design factors of safety are minimal, and there is no
redundancy allowed in case of pile failure.
Specification Name: No: 814 Revision No: _____ Title: CFA PILES