ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The success and outcome of this vocational training required a lot of guidance and
assistance from many people and we are extremely fortunate to have got this all
along the completion of our training.
I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Raman Singla - General
Manager and Project Head, Mr. Anirudh Prakash - Joint General Manager and
Mr. Pratyush Sahu - Manager Civil for their invaluable suggestion, motivation,
guidance and support throughout the training. I respect and thank Mr. Sachin
Gowda Sir for giving us an opportunity to do this vocational training and
providing us all support and guidance which made us complete the training on
time.
We would also like to extend our gratitude towards our college,
TECHNO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AGARTALA for allowing us to do the
vocational training. This helped us to gain some extra field knowledge which would
be beneficial for us soon.

Date :- ___________________ Yours Faithfully

_____________________________________

Page 1 of 36
CONTENTS
Sl.
No. Topic Page No.
1 INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN RAILWAY 03 – 05
2 IRCON INTERNATION LIMITED 06
3 AGARTALA – AKHAURA RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION 07 – 08
4 CHALLENGES FACED BY IRCON 09
5 PILE FOUNDATION 10 – 23
6 SUPER STRUCTURE 24 – 25
7 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE 26 – 29
8 TOTAL STATION 30 – 33
9 CEILING 34
10 FIRE SAFETY FACILITIES 35
11 CONCLUSION 36

Page 2 of 36
 INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN RAILWAY
▪ Indian Railway is the state-owned railway company of India. It comes under
the Minister of Railway. Indian Railways has one of the largest and busiest
rail networks in the world, transporting over 18 million passengers and
more than 2 million tons of weight daily.
▪ Its revenue is Rs 107.66 billion. It operates rail transport on 6909 stations
over a total route length of more than 63,327 km. The fleet of Indian railway
includes over 200,000 wagons, 50,000 coaches, and 8000 locomotives. It also
owns locomotives and coach production facilities.
▪ It was founded in 1853 under the East India Company. Indian Railway is
administered by the Railway Board; Indian Railways is divided into 18 zones.
Each zone railway is made up of a certain number of division.
▪ There are a total of sixty-seven divisions. It also operates the Kolkata metro.
There are six manufacturing plants of the Indian Railways. The total length of track
used by Indian Railways is about 108,805 km while the total route of the network
is 67,368 km. About 40% of the total track kilometer is electrified and almost all
electrified use 25,000 V AC, Indian.

Railways use four - rail track gauge :-

1. The Broad gauge (1670 mm)

2. The Meter gauge (1000 mm)
3. Narrow gauge (762 mm)
4. Light gauge (610 mm)

The Northeast Frontier Railway abbreviated as N.F Railway, is one of the 17

railway zones in India, headquarter in Maligaon Guwahati in the state of Assam, it
is responsible for rail operates in the entire Northeast and parts of West Bengal
and Bihar. Each of these divisions is headed by Divisional Railway Manager, a

Page 3 of 36
Senior Administrative grade office of the rank of Joint Secretary to Government of
India.

Northeast Frontier Railway is divided into 5 divisions :-

• Katihar
• Alipurduar
• Lumding
• Rangiya
• Tinsukia
Each of these divisions are headed by a Divisional Railway Manager, a Senior
Administrative Grade officer of the rank of Joint Secretary to Government of India.
The departmental Setup at headquarters level and divisional setup in the field
assists the General Manager in running the railways. Various departments namely
engineering, mechanical, electrical, signal & telecom, Operations, commercial,
safety, accounts, Security, personal and medical are headed by a Senior
Administrative Grade / Higher Administrative Grade officer, Provide technical and
operational support to the divisions in train operations. Another division is being
proposed to be set up in Silchar by bifurcating Lumding division.

Major Sections :-

A few of the major sections under the Northeast Frontier Railway zone are :-

• Eklakhi - Balurghat branch line.

• New Bongaigaon - Guwahati section.
• New Jalpaiguri - New Bongaigaon section.
• Rangia - Murkongselek section.
• Guwahati - Lumding section.
• Lumding - Dibrugarh section.
• Silchar - Sabroom section.
• Katihar - Siliguri section.
• Katihar - Jogbani branch line.

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Components of Railway Track :-

1. Rails :- Rails are the first main element in the Railway Track components. It is of
an I section make with steel. Two rails fix opposite to each other. These rails are
vertical I section elements places vertically throughout the track. It lies parallel
to the entire track. It carries the wheel load of trains providing them a smooth
way. And transfer the load safely to sleepers.

2. Sleepers :- Sleepers are concrete beds in the railway tracks. Itis the second
main important thing in Railway Track Components. Sleepers
are of concrete, timbers, steel, cast iron, RCC, and pre-stress
concrete. These sleepers fix vertical to each other. It fixes
throughout the track. The main work of sleepers is to hold rails
in a strong position. It receives the loads from rails and spread to
ballast and subgrades.

3. Ballast :- Ballasts are stone, aggregates, and gravels. these places below and
around the sleepers. The main work of ballast is to hold sleepers
and rails. provides them a strong grip. Stone ballasts widely use
in railway tracks in modem Railway. Formations or sub-grades:
These are natural soils on the bottom of a track. These are the
foundations of tracks. It holds rails, sleepers, ballast and the
entire track together. It supports the railway track from the
bottom layer.

IRCON INTERNATIONAL LIMITED

(A Government of India Undertaking)

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Ircon International Limited :-
• Ircon International Limited, formerly Indian Railway Construction Limited
(IRCON), is an engineering and construction organization, specialized in
transport infrastructure.
• The PSU was established in 1976, by the Government of India under the Indian
Companies Act 1956.
• IRCON was registered as the Indian Railway Construction International Ltd.
a wholly (100%) owned entity of the Ministry of Railways.
• Its primary charter was the Construction of railway Projects in India and
abroad.
• Ircon has since diversified into other transport and infrastructure segments and
with its expanded Scope of operations around the world, the name was
changed to Indian Railway International Ltd. in October 1995.
• The Ircon is well known for undertaking challenging infrastructure projects,
especially in difficult terrains in India and abroad. Ircon has completed over
1650 major infrastructure projects in India and over 900 major projects
across the globe in more than 31 countries.

Area of Business :-

❖ The core competence of the company in order of priority are - Railways,

Highways and EHT Substation Engineering and Construction.
❖ Ircon is a construction company that is specialized in railways (new railway
lines, rehabilitation/conversion of existing lines, station buildings and
facilities, bridges, tunnels, signaling and telecommunication, railway
electrification, and wet leasing of locomotives), high ways, EHV sub-station
(engineering, Procurement and construction) and metro rail.

AGARTALA - AKHAURA RAILWAY

CONSTRUCTION

Page 6 of 36
➢ It connects India(Tripura) and Bangladesh.
➢ It connects Gangasagar in Bangladesh to Nischintapur in India and from
Nischintapur to Agartala railway station.

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➢ Six kilometers of the new route falls in Bangladesh and 4 km in the Indian
State of Agartala.
➢ The project is aimed to link the British-era Akhaura Junction with Agartala
Railway Station to commence train connectivity between the two
neighbouring countries.
➢ Length of the project in Indian portion is 5.46 KM and Bangladesh portion
6.778 km.
➢ Funding : Ministry of External Affairs, India is funding the track laying in
Bangladesh while the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region has
taken on the track laying on the Indian side. IRCON International Limited
(formerly Indian Railway Construction Limited) has been assigned
construction work on both sides of the border.
➢ The two Indian Ministries are bearing the costs from construction work to
land acquisition to resettlement of people being evicted for the completion of
the project.
➢ The Akhaura - Agartala railway project came in 2010. Three years later, both
India and Bangladesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for
the railway project along with other issues.
➢ With its opening, this would be the first railway route from North East India
to Bangladesh.
➢ The Yard is having Six Lines (4 MG and 2 BG). All 4 MG lines and 1BG Line is
completed. Work in progress in 2nd BG Line, expected finish by 31.03.2022.
➢ Viaduct Portion (Length - 3.2 Km, Physical Progress : 65%).
➢ Connectivity between Nischintapur Yard and Agartala Main Station. Target
Date- Sept’ 2022.

CHALLENGES FACED BY IRCON

Page 8 of 36
 The main challenges on the project faced by IRCON during
execution of work are heavy Rainfalls, weak sub – soil conditions,
delays in Land Acquisition, Removal of utilities, scarce availability of
construction materials, logistics. Further, working at International
Border is also subject to various restrictions and protocols. Another
challenge was to construct the track with Meter Gauge standards so as
to receive trains from Bangladesh which is Meter Gauge standard. To
overcome the weak sub - soil conditions, extensive ground
improvement using pre-fabricated vertical land (PVD) and providing
drainage composite was carried out in the Yard Portion.

Page 9 of 36
 SLUMP CONE TEST

Slump test is a laboratory or at site test used to measure the consistency of

concrete. Slump test shows an indication of the uniformity of concrete in
different batches. The shape of the concrete slumps shows the information on the
workability and quality of concrete. The characteristics of concrete with respect
to the tendency of segregation can be also judged by making a few tamping or
blows by tapping rod on the base plate. This test continues using since 1922 due
to the simplicity of apparatus and simple procedure. The shape of the Slump cone
shows the workability of concrete.

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Principle of Slump Test :-
The slump value of concrete is just a principle of gravity flow of surface of the
concrete cone that indicates the amount of water added to it, which means how
much this concrete mix is in workable condition.

Following apparatus are used in the slump test of concrete :-

Metallic mould in the shape of a frustum of cone having bottom diameter 20 cm
(8 in), top diameter 10 cm (4 in) and height 30 cm (12 in). Steel tamping rod
having 16 mm (5/8 in) diameter, 0.6 m (2 ft.) long with bullet end.

Procedure of Slump Test :-

• First of all, the internal surface of the mould is cleaned and free from
moisture and free from other old sets of concrete.

• Then place the mould on the smooth horizontal, rigid, and non - absorbent
surface.

• The mould is then filled with fresh concrete in four layers with taping each
layer 25 times by taping rod, and level the top surface with a trowel.

• Then the mould is slowly pulled in vertical and removed from concrete, so
as not to disturb the concrete cone.

• This free concrete deforms all the surface to subside due to the effect of
gravity.

• That subsidence of concrete in the periphery is a SLUMP of concrete.

• The height difference between the height of subsidence concrete and
mould cone in mm is ‘slump value of concrete’.
Precautions Needed :-
• The internal surface of the mould should be cleaned and free from
moisture.

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 • The base plate or surface should be free from vibrations or shocking.
• This test is done just after sampling nearly after 2 minutes.

PILE FOUNDATION

A pile foundation is defined as a series of columns constructed or inserted into the

ground to transmit loads to a lower level of subsoil. A pile is a long cylinder made
up of a strong material, such as concrete. Piles are pushed into the ground to act as
a steady support for structures built on top of them.

• Driven pile foundations can be made from concrete, steel or timber.

• These piles are prefabricated before placing them at the construction site.
When driven piles are made of concrete, they are precast.
• These piles are driven using a pile hammer. When these piles are driven into
the granular soils, they displace the equal volume of soil.
• This helps in compaction of soil around the sides of piles and results in the
densification of soil.
• The piles which compact the soil adjacent to it is also called a compaction
pile. This compaction of soil increases its bearing capacity.
• Saturated silty soils and cohesive soils have poor drainage capability.

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 • Thus these soils are not compacted when driven piles are drilled through it.
• The water has to be drained for the soil to be compacted .

Use of Pile Foundation :-

Following are the situations when using a pile foundation system can be

• When the groundwater table is high.

• Heavy and un-uniform loads from superstructure are imposed.
• Other types of foundations are costlier or not feasible.
• When the soil at shallow depth is compressible.
• When there is the possibility of scouring, due to its location near the river
bed or seashore, etc.
• When there is a canal or deep drainage systems near the structure.
• When soil excavation is not possible up to the desired depth due to poor soil
condition.
• When it becomes impossible to keep the foundation trenches dry by
pumping or by any other measure due to heavy inflow of seepage .

Functions of Pile Foundation :-

The main functions of the pile foundation in the construction of structures are
enlisted below :-

1. The principal function of the pile foundation is to transmit the loads coming
over it safely to the ground. The transmission is performed whether it is
vertical or horizontal or inclined loads.
2. The pile foundation can be constructed in cohesionless soil by undergoing
techniques of displacement and vibration methods.
3. Pile foundation helps in reducing the settlement.
4. The pile foundation helps to increase the factor of safety of heavy load
structures or buildings.
5. The pile foundation guarantees the vertical structures above with safety,
security, and reliability.
6. The pile and pile cap arrangement in pile foundation help the load
distribution to be performed in a uniform manner.

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Types of Pile Foundation :-
Pile foundations can be classified based on function, materials and installation
process, etc. Followings are the types of pile foundation used in construction :-

A. Based on Function or Use

1. Sheet Piles
2. Load Bearing Piles
3. End bearing Piles
4. Friction Piles
5. Soil Compactor Piles

B. Based on Materials and Construction Method

1. Timber Piles
2. Concrete Piles
3. Steel Piles
4. Composite Piles

Classification of Pile Foundation based on Function or Use :-

Sheet Piles :-
This type of pile is mostly used to provide lateral support. Usually,
they resist lateral pressure from loose soil, the flow of water, etc. They are usually
used for cofferdams, trench sheeting, shore protection, etc. They are not used for
providing vertical support to the structure. They are usually used to serve the
following purpose :-

• Construction of retaining walls.

• Protection from river bank erosion.
• Retain the loose soil around foundation trenches.

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 • For isolation of foundation from adjacent soils.
• For confinement of soil and thus increase the bearing capacity of the soil.

Load Bearing Piles :-

This type of pile foundation is mainly used to transfer the vertical loads from
the structure to the soil. These foundations transmit loads through the soil
with poor supporting property onto a layer which is capable of bearing the
load. Depending on the mechanism of load transfer from pile to the soil,
loadbearing piles can be further classified as flowed .

End Bearing Piles :-

• In this type of pile, the loads pass through the lower tip of the pile. The
bottom end of the pile rests on a strong layer of soil or rock. Usually, the
pile rests at a transition layer of a weak and strong slayer. As a result, the
pile acts as a column and safely transfers the load to the strong layer.

• The total capacity of end bearing pile can be calculated by multiplying the
area of the tip of the pile and the bearing capacity of at that particular
depth of soil at which the pile rests. Considering a reasonable factor of
safety, the diameter of the pile is calculated.

Friction Pile :-
• Friction pile transfers the load from the structure to the soil by the
frictional force between the surface of the pile and the soil surrounding the
pile such as stiff clay, sandy soil, etc. Friction can be developed for the
entire length of the pile or a definite length of the pile, depending on the
strata of the soil. In friction pile, generally, the entire surface of the pile
works to transfer the loads from the structure to the soil.

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 • The surface area of the pile multiplied by the safe friction force developed
per unit area determines the capacity of the pile.

• While designing skin friction pile, the skin friction to be developed at a pile
surface should be sincerely evaluated and a reasonable factor of safety
should be considered. Besides this one can increase the pile diameter,
depth, number of pile sand make pile surface rough to increase the capacity
of
friction pile.

Soil Compactor Piles :-

Sometimes piles are driven at placed closed intervals to increase the
bearing capacity of soil by compacting.

Classification of Piles based on Materials & Construction

method :-
The basis of materials of pile construction and their installation process load
bearing piles can be classified as follows :-

1. Timber Piles
i. Untreated
ii. Treated with Preservative

2. Concrete Piles
i. Pre - cast Piles
ii. Cast–in–place Piles

3. Steel Piles
i. I – Section Piles
ii. Hollow Piles

4. Composite Piles
Page 16 of 36
Timber Piles :-
Timber piles are placed under the water level. They last for approximately about
30 years. They can be rectangular or circular in shape. Their diameter or size can
vary from 12 to 16 inches. The length of the piles is usually 20 times of the top
width. They are usually designed for 15 to 20 tons. Additional strength can be
obtained by bolting fish plates to the side of the piles.

Concrete Piles :-

❖ Pre - cast concrete pile :-

The pre-cast concrete pile is cast in pile bed in the horizontal form if they are
rectangular in shape. Usually, circular piles are cast in vertical forms. Pre - cast
piles are usually reinforced with steel to prevent breakage during its mobilization
from casting bed to the location of the foundation. After the piles are cast, curing
has to performed as per specification. Generally curing period for pre-cast piles is
21 to 28 days.

Advantages of Pre - cast piles :-

• Provides high resistance to chemical and biological cracks.

• They are usually of high strength.
• The confinement of the reinforcement can be ensured.

Dis - advantages of Pre - cast piles :-

• Once the length of the pile is decided, it is difficult to increase or decrease the
length of the pile afterward.

• They are difficult to mobilize.

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 • Needs heavy and expensive equipment to drive.

❖ Cast-in-place Concrete Piles :-

This type of pile is constructed by boring of soil up to the desired depth and
then, depositing freshly mixed concrete in that place and letting it cure there.
This type of pile is constructed either by driving a metallic shell to the ground
and filling it with concrete and leave and shell with the concrete or the shell is
pulled out while concrete is poured.

Advantages of Cast-in-place Concrete Piles :-

• The shells are light weighted, so they are easy to handle.

• Length of piles can be varied easily.

• The shells may be assembled at sight.

Dis - advantages of Cast-in-place Concrete Piles :-

• Installation requires careful supervision and quality control.

• Needs sufficient place on site for storage of the materials used for
construction.
• It is difficult to construct cast in situ piles where the underground water
flow is heavy.

Steel Piles :-
Steel piles may be of I - section or hollow pipe. They are filled with concrete.
The size may vary from 10 inches to 24 inches in diameter and thickness is
usually ¾ inches. Because of the small sectional area, the piles are easy to drive.
They are mostly used as end-bearing piles.

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Advantages of Steel Piles :-

• They are easy to install.

• They can reach a greater depth comparing to any other types of pile.
• Can penetrate through the hard layer of soil due to less cross-sectional area.
• Can carry heavy loads.

Dis - advantages of Steel piles :-

• Prone to corrosion.
• Has a possibility of deviating while driving.
• Comparatively expensive.

. Composite Piles :-
Combination of different materials in the same of the pile. As indicated earlier,
part of a timber Pile that is installed above groundwater could be vulnerable to
insect attack and decay. To avoid this, concrete or steel pile is used above the
groundwater level, whilst wood pile is installed under the groundwater level.

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Basically these type of piles are used in our site :-

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Recommended Pile capacity & Lateral Load (As per IS code)

Borehole 1.5m Diameter Pile capacity Safe Length of Lateral

number cut-off of pile (Ton) recommended Fixidity Load
level (mm) safe Pile (m) (Ton)
capacity
(Ton)
400 63.22 63 5.3 5.9 2.05
01 20.00 500 83.1 83 6.5 2.27
550 99.7 99 2.5

Recommended Pile capacity & Lateral Load (As per IS code)

Borehole 1.5 m Diameter Pile capacity Safe Length of Lateral

number cut-off of pile (Ton) recommended Fixidity load
level (mm) safe Pile (m) (Ton)
capacity
(Ton)

400 38.76 53.80 38.00 53.00 5.30 5.90 2.05 2.27

01 20.00 500 67.08 66.00 6.50 2.50
550

Page 21 of 36
 PILE CAP

A pile cap is a thick concrete mat that rests on concrete timber piles that have
been driven into soft or unstable ground to provide a suitable stable foundation.

Shapes of Pile Cap :-

• Triangular (for 3 piles).
• Hexagonal (for 6 - 7 piles).
• Rectangular (for all other number of piles).

Functions of Pile Cap :-

• To distributed a single load coming from the column to the piles equality.
• To laterally stabilize the pile thus increasing the overall efficiency of the pile
group.
• To provide the necessary combined resistance stresses set up by the super
structure and the ground movement.

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Necessity of Pile Cap :-

Pile caps create a stable foundation and offer a larger area for the distribution
of the building load onto the piles. They act in a similar way to piled raft
foundations, where a concrete slab rests on soil which may be susceptible to
movement, above a group of piles.

Pile Cap and Reinforcement Calculation :-

Total Cutting Length for Vertical Reinforcement =

[Anchorage Length at the bottom of the pile] + [Height of the
pile]
+ [Development length (40d)] + [Lap length (50d)] –
[Clear cover provided at the bottom].

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 SUPER STRUCTURE

The superstructure is the portion of a building which is constructed above the

ground level and it serves the purpose of structure's intended use. It includes
columns, beams, slab upwards including all finishes.

DECK SLAB :-

Basically, the Deck slab is the part of structures which is constructed over
the girders and being used by the vehicles to cross over the bridge. It also acts as
a medium to bind the girders, as the load of vehicles is directly taken by the deck
slab and further transferred to the girders. The specifications require that the
minimum thickness of a concrete deck, excluding any provisions for grinding,
grooving and sacrificial surface, should not be less than 7 inch.

Purpose of Deck slab :-

Deck slab is designed for maximum moment due to deck action. the T
beam designed as the IRC : 21 - 2000. The deck beam is designed as a cantilever
on a pier. The Pier is designed for the axial dead load and live load from the slab,
girders, deck beam.

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Advantages of Deck slab :-

• Formwork is simpler and less costly.

• Smaller thickness of deck thereby reducing the height of fill and
consequently the cost of the approaches.
• Placing of concrete in solid slab is much easier than in slab and girder or
any other similar type of bridges.
• Chances of honey - combing in concrete are less.
• Cost of surface finish is less than girder bridges.
• Quicker construction.

Dis - advantages of Deck Slab :-

• Greater cost of materials :- The main disadvantage of deck slab is

its greater cost of constructions as its materials are more costly thus it is
not economical.

• Larger dead loads :- Another disadvantage of deck slab is its dead

load which is very high.

Page 25 of 36
 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE

Bar bending schedule or schedule of bars is a tabular representation of

reinforcement bar. It is generally represented for each type of R.C.C work. With
the help of bar bending schedule the requirement of different length and sizes of
bars may be known and can be arranged and bent-up during the time of
construction.
Bar bending schedule generally describes the particulars of bars, shape of
bending with sketches and total length and weight of the bars along with their
numbers. Bar bending schedule is generally prepared while estimating a R.C.C
work or structure.

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Bar Bending Schedule is used by the -

▪ Detailer
▪ person checking the drawing
▪ contractor who orders the reinforcement
▪ organization responsible for fabricating the reinforcement
▪ steel fixer
▪ clerk of works or other inspector

▪ the quantity surveyor Necessary Columns

• Bar number / Bar Mark Reference

• Bar shape
• Diameter
• Spacing
• Length of bar
• Cutting Length
• Number of bars

Most of the information in a BBS can be found in reinforcement drawings of

the structural unit. Bar shape, diameter, length and spacing is directly
entered in the schedule just by looking at the drawings, which will have
detailed dimensioning.

Page 27 of 36
 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE FOR SLAB

Calculating Weight of Bars in Bar Bending Schedule

Weight of bars is generally calculated in Kilograms and it is calculated for every

one meter length.

# Calculation of Number of Bars :-

Number of Bars =

Page 28 of 36
Advantages of Bar Bending Schedule :-

➢ Quantities of steel reinforcement of different diameter and different grades

are calculated easily.

➢ Ideas of different sizes of bars, bend and length of bars can be easily acquired
through schedule of bars.

➢ During the auditing of reinforcement on construction site, bar bending

schedule becomes very much helpful.

➢ It provides the exact quantity of steel required for work due to which
optimization of reinforcement can be done in case of cost overrun.

➢ Bar bending schedule makes it easy for site engineers to check and verify the
cutting length and bar bending while inspection on the site.

➢ At the end of the entire work the construction bills can be easily created with
the help of these schedules of bars.

Page 29 of 36
 TOTAL STATION

Total station is a surveying equipment combination of Electromagnetic

Distance Measuring Instrument and electronic theodolite. The
instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well
as sloping distance of object to the instrument.

Setting up :-

Step 1 : Gather the Survey Equipment, Stake and Tools

It is very important for every surveyor to have all of their equipment ready for the
job ahead. One missing item could cost your organization time and money.

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Prepare the following items :-

a. Tripod

b. Tribrach

c. Total Station

d. Survey Controller

e. Power Cable

f. Communication Cable

g. Battery Pack

h. Survey Controller

i. Stake w/nail and survey marker

j. Hammer

Step 2 : Establish a New Temporary Benchmark

Within our projects we typically need to establish a new point of reference with a
temporary benchmark. Using a small nail tapped into the centre of a wooden
stake, pound the stake into, and as flush as possible, with the ground.

Step 3 : Set - up the Tripod

While holding the tripod, loosen the tripod leg clamps and extend the tripod up
to a height near your neck and chin. Tighten the leg clamps. Spread out the
tripod legs evenly, about two to three feet for each leg, and centre it over your
benchmark stake. The top of your tri-pod should be mostly level and parallel with
a horizontal plane.

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 Step 4 : Attach the Tribrach and Coarse Level the Tripod over
the Benchmark

A level instrument is a key to successful surveys. The tribrach features a level

bubble and levelling screws to adjust the tripod’s level as necessary. An optical
plummet on the tribrach allows the surveyor to view the tribrach’s centre and
place its cross-hairs precisely over the survey marker nail on the stake. Centre the
tribrach on the tripod and attach it via the tripod connecting screw. While
holding two tripod legs, keeping the tripod as level as possible, place the optical
plummet cross-hairs over the centre of the nail. With your foot, apply equal
pressure along each tripod leg to ensure a stable connection with the ground.

Step 5 : Continue to Level and Adjust the Tribrach as necessary

Viewing the level bubble, adjust the height of two tripod legs so that the bubble is
close to centre. Then use the tribrach levelling screws for a more precise bubble
level. Alternate back-and-forth between the optical plummet and level bubble to
gain the most centre and level position. You may need to loosen the centre tripod
screw to shift the tribrach for a more centre cross-hair position.

Step 6 : Set the Instrument on the Tripod

Remove the Total Station from the carrying case and secure it to the top of the
tribrach with the tribrach/instrument lock. Be careful with this step as the
instrument can cost up to $25,000! I know my bank account couldn’t support
that bill.

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 Step 7 : Connect Power Supply and Communication Cables

Attach the battery pack to the tripod. Connect one cable from the battery pack to
the instrument connection port. Connect the other cable from the battery to the
survey controller.

Step 8 : Power – On the Instrument and Controller to access

the Fine Level

Press the black button on the instrument to power it on. Press the green button
on the survey controller to power it on. On the survey controller, use the stylus to
open the survey controller program. The software will open fine-levelling
automatically.

Step 9 : Fine Level the Instrument and Compensate

To fine level the instrument, turn the total station so that its face-plate is parallel
with two tribrach levelling screws. These two screws will be used to adjust the
trunnion (left and right) and the sighting (forward and back). Now that the
instrument has been successfully levelled, press the accept button so that the
instrument can perform its compensation action.

Step 10 : Ready to Survey

The total station is now ready to begin surveying operations.

Page 33 of 36
 CEILING

FOLLOWING MATERIALS ARE USED FOR FALSE CEILING –

Gypsum Board - 12 mm thick and size (560 x 560) mm.

Mineral Board - 12 mm thick and size (600 x 600) mm.

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 FIRE SAFETY FACILITIES

Fire hydrants :- A fire hydrant is a visible connection point placed in defined

locations for firefighters to tap into a water supply. All buildings, parking
areas, roadsides, mines, industrial areas, etc. must have fire hydrants with
connection to a water service network. They are designed to provide the
water required by firefighters instantly to fight and extinguish a fire.

▪ External fire hydrants provided in PTB BUILDING - 21 nos.

▪ Multi Criteria AFC Detector with response indicator - 58 nos.

▪ Multi Criteria BFC Detector - 90 nos.

▪ Manual Calling point - 9 nos.

▪ Heat Detector - 4 nos.

▪ Hooter - 9 nos.

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 CONCLUSION
As a student of TECHNO COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AGARTALA, I would like to say this training program is an excellent
opportunity for me to get to ground level and experience the things
that I would have never gain.
I am grateful to the TCEA and IRCON INTERNATIONAL
LTD. For giving me this wonderful opportunity.

The main objective of the training is to provide an

opportunity to students to identify, observe and practice how civil
engineering is applicable and the real site it is not only to get
experience on technical practices but also to observe management
practices and to interact with the field workers.
Upon completion of the project, distance between Agartala
and Kolkata will be reduced from existing 1600 km to 500 km
approx. This will also result in saving of travel time by about 25 hours.
In addition, the project will also bring significant benefits to
the entire North - Eastern area by providing the direct access to
Chittagong Port in Bangladesh, giving huge impetus to trade. The
project will also serve as an alternate strategical route to Chicken’s
Neck corridor in Siliguri Area.

----- x -----

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