Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 11 Physics Ncert Chapter7 - Ans

    Uploaded by

    Anitha S
    12 views40 pages

    Original Title

    11-Physics-Ncert-Chapter7_Ans

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    12 views40 pages

    11 Physics Ncert Chapter7 - Ans

    Uploaded by

    Anitha S

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 40
    Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion NCERT Exercise Question 1 Give the location of the centre of mass of a (i) sphere, (ii) cylinder, (il) ring, and (iv) cube, each af uniform mass density. Does the centre of mass of a body necessarily lie inside the bady? Geometric centre: No The centre of mass (C.M.) is @ point where the mass of a body is supposed to be concentrated, For the given geometric shapes having a uniform mass density, the C.M. lies at their respective geometric centres, The centre of mass of a body need not necessarily the within i. For example, the C.N1, of bodies such as a ring, a hollow sphere, etc, lies outside the body. Question 2: In the HCI molecule, the separation between the nuclel of the two atoms is about 127A (1A = 10m). Find the approximate location af the CM of the molecule, given that a chlorine atom is about 35.5 times as massive as a hydrogen atom and nearly all the mass of am atom is concentrated in Its nucleus. Solution 2 The given situation can be shown as: 127ae —___. H —e (1.27-%) Distance batween H and Cl.atoms = 1.274 Mass of H atom =m Mass of Cl atom = 355m Let the centre of mass of the system lie ata distance x from the Cl atom Distance of the centre of mass fromthe H atom = ( 27 -x) Let us assume that the centre of mass of the given molecule fies at the origin, Therefore, we can have: m(L.27 — x) +35.5mx m+35.5m m(L27—*)+35.5m«=0 Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion 1.27 —x=-35.5% 1.24 isa) OO" 355-1 Here, the negative sign indicates that the centre of mass lies at the left of the molecule. Hence, tha centre af mass of the HCI molecule lis 0.037A from the Cl atam. 0.037 4, Question 3: A child sits stationary ot one end of a bong trolley moving uniformly with a speed W an a smooth horizontal floor. If the child gets wo and runs about on the trolley in any manner, what is the speed of the CM of the (trolley + child} system? Solution 3 No change The child is running arbitrarily on a trolley mowing with velocity v. However, the running of the child will produce no effect on the velocity of the centre of mass of the trolley. This is because the force due to the child's motion is purely internal. Internal forces praduce no effect on the motion of the bodies on which they act, Since no extemal force is involved in the (child+traltley) system, the child’s motion will produce na change in the speed of the centre of mass of the tralley. Question 4: ‘Show that the area of the triangle contained between the vectors a and b is one half of the magnitude of ax, Solution 4 Consider two vectors GK =jajandOM={6|, inclined at an angle@, as shown in the following figure. ™ 1 oN > % InAOMN,, we can write the relation: sina= MN _MN Bi wes sear tam 2 Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion 2 MN =pjsing Jaxb |e (sina 2 2 Jaxb 2x Area of AOMK ‘Area of AOMK. -fltebl Jab EL OK.MN x Que Show that a. (b xc) is equal in magnitude to the volume of the parallelepiped formed on the three wectors, a, b and ¢ Solution 5: parallelepiped with origin © and sides a, b, and ¢ is shown in the following figure, 8, v ° + * e Volume of the given parallelepiped = abc oC=a OB=b Odec Let n be a unit vector perpendicular ta both b and c, Hence, n and a have the same direction wutbed = besin dn fohume of the parallelepiped ngs XI NCERT Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Question 6: Find the components along the x, y, 2 axes of the angular momentum 1 of a particle, whose position vector is r with components x, y, 2 and momentum is p with components P..P, and p,. Show that if the particle moves only in the x-y plane the angular momentum has only a z-companent. Solution 6 =m, 1 2, — xD, 1, = 5, —9P, Linear momentum of the particle, p= p,i+p, i+ pk Position vector of the particle, r= xi+yj+2k Angular momentum, |=rx p -[# yi vax P, i+, ijk =lx ya PP, Viel, j+Lk=i[yp, -2p,)~ ip, -2p,}+k (xp, 20, ) Comparing the coefficiants of i, jandk we get: |, =¥p, -20, ha 1 =D, — yp, The particle moves in the scy plana, Hence, the z-component of the position vector ancl linear momentum vector bacomes zero, i, z=p,=0 Thus, equation (i) reduces to =0 } 1, =spy— yp.) Therefore, when the particle is confined to move in the xy plane, the direction of angular morentum is alang the z-direction. wes sear tam 4 Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Question 7. Two particles, each of mass mand speed v, travel in opposite directions along parallel lines separated by a distance d. Show that the vector angular momentum of the two particle system is the same whatever be the point about which the angular momentum is taken. Solution 7: Let at a certain instant two p articles be at paints P and Q, as shown in the Following figure. Angular mamentum of the system about paint P: U, =nvxO+mwad =m Ai) Angular momentum of the system about point Q: Ly =mvxd+mvx0 =m ii) Consider a paint R, which is at a distance y from point Q, Le., QR =y¥ PR =d —y Angular mamentum af the system about paint Fe Ln =nvx(d—y) x y inv my + rvy =m ) Comparing equations (i), (ii), and (iii), we get: Ue =Lg =, waliv) We infer fram equatian (iy) that the angular momentum of a system does nat depend on the point about which itis taken wes sear tam 5 ngs XI NCERT Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Question 8: A non-uniform bar of weight W is suspended at rest by two strings of negligible weight as shown in Fig.7.29. The angles made by the strings with the vertical are 36.9° and 53.1° respectively. The bar is 2 m long, Calculate the distance d of the centre of gravity of the bar from its left end. Solution 8 The free body diagram of the ber is shawn in the following figure Length of the bar, 7, anu! To ae the tensions produced in te let and right strings respectively. Al translational equilibrium, we have: 7,sin384° =T,sin531 1 _singaa° 7, 3n389 oso 4 7, 9.6003 4 Tash Bara For rotational equilibrium, on taking the tarque about the centre of gravity, we have: wes sear tam 8 Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion T.c0s36.9xd =T, cos53.1{2—d) T,x0.800d =T,0.600(2-d) $x, «0.800 =7,{0.600% 20.6004] 1.087d +0.6d <12 Hence, the C.G, (centre of gravity) of the given bar lies 0,72 m from its left end. Question 9: Acar weighs 1800 kg, The distance between its front and back axles i 1.8 m) Its centre of gravity i 1.05 m benind the front axle, Determine the force exerted by the level ground on each front wheel and each back wheel, Solution 9 Mass of the ear, m= 1800 kg Distance between the front and back axles, d= L&m Distance between the C.G. (pentre of gravity) and the back axle = 1.08 m The various forces acting on the car are shown in the following figure, ef eet 6 ve ita R, and Rare the forces exerted by the level ground on the front and back wheels respectively. ‘At translational equilibrium: Ry. +R =m 1BOO « 9.8 17640 N Li) For rotational equilibrium, on taking the torque about the C.G., we have: R, (1.05) = R, (18-105) R, =(L05)= R, x0.75 Re O78 8 R 16 7 wes sear tam 7 ngs XI NCERT Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Reet R 5 R, ©14R, wei) Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get: LAR, +R, ~17640 2.Ry= 17640 — 7350 = 10290 N ‘Therefore, the force enerted on each front wheel = 7. 36T6N vand ‘The force exerted on each back wheel SF = S145N Question 10: (2) Find the moment af inertia af a sphere about a tangent to the sphere, given the moment of inertia of the sphere about any of its diameters to be 2MR?/S, where M is the mass of the sphere and Ris the radius of the sphere. (b) Given the moment of inartia of a disc af mass. M and radius R about any of its diameters to be MR°/4,find its moment of inertia about an axis normal to the disc and passing through a point on its edge. Solution 10: fa) T =n” 6 ‘The moment of inertia (M.|.} of a sphere about its diameter = EMR wes sear tam a Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion, According to the theorem of parallel axes, the moment of inertia of a body about any axis is equal fo the sum af the moment of inertia of the body about a parallel axis passing through its cantre of mass and the product of its mass and the square of the distance betwmeen the two paralllal axes, The M.. about a tangent of the sphere = Zon «nin? 7 wR? (b} 3 yagt ae ‘The moment of inertia of a disc about its diameter =— MR™ 4 According to the theorem of perpendicular axis, the moment of inertia of @ planar body (lamina) about an axts perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of fts moments of inertia about two perpendicular axes cancurrant with perpendicular axis and lying in the plane of the ody. The MLL af the disc about its eentre = Hive! + EMR? =r! The situation és show in the given figure Applying the theorem of parallel axes: The moment of inertia about an axis narmal to the disc and passing through 3 point on its edge = din? + win? = Si ms 2 Question 11: Torques of equal magnitude are applied to a hollow cylinder and @ solid sphere, both having the same mass and radius, The cylinder is free to rotate about its standard axis of symmetry, and the sphere is free to rotate about an axis passing through its centre. Which of the two will acquire a greater angular speed after a given time? wes sear tam a Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Solu ib Let m and r be the respective mass and radius of the bollaw cylinder and the solid sphere. The moment of inertia of the hollow cylinder about its standard axis, 1, =m? ‘The moment of inertia of the solid sphere about an axis passing thraugh its centre, 2 at 1, =2mr 5 We have the relation: rele For the hallow cylinder, r= Ie, For the solid sphere, ry = by, ‘Asan equal torque & applied to both the bodies, =, = r, ee MMe Oi ieee ct ay Fy Ai) Mow, using the relation: o=oy tat Where, ‘, = Initial angular velacity t= Time of rotstion a= Final angular velocity For equal «and t, we have cacar.. (il) From equations (i) and (ii), we can write: a > Hence, the angular velocity of the solid sphere will be greater than that of the hollow cylinder. wes sear tam 10 Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Question 12 A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100 rad s!, The radius, of the cylinder is 0.25 m. What Is the kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the cylinder? What is the magnitude of angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis? Solution 12: Miss of the cylindes, m= 20 kg Angular speed, er 100 rad s ' Radius of the cylinder, r= 0.25 m The moment of inertia of the solid cylinder: : me Isar 3 : => 20~(0.25) $200.28) = 0.625 hay? kinetic energy 4 las? = $+625x(100) =3125) Angular momentum, L= ter =6.25 = 100 = 62535 Question 13: (a) A child stands at the centre of a tumtable with his two arms outstretched, The turntable is set rotating with an angular speed of 40 revimin. How much is the angukar speed of the child if he folds his hands back and thereby reduces his moment of inertia to 2/5 times the initial value? Assume that the turntable rotates withaut friction, (b) Show that the child's new kinetic energy of rotation is more than the initial kinetic energy of rotation. How' do you account for this increase in kinetic energy? Solution 13. (2) Initial angular velocity, «ay =-40 rev/min Final angular velocity = oi, The moment of inertia of the child with stretched hands = 1, ‘The moment of inertia of the child with fokkied hands = |, Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion ‘The two moments of inertia are related as: Since no extemal force acts on the child, the angular momentum Lis constant. Hence, for the tw situations, we can write; 104 = Hoy 1 5 align z 40 3 40. gh =100rev/ min (0) Initial Kinetic energy of rotation, ial Final kinetic energy of rotation, E, 4 | E, =25xE, ‘The increase in the rotational kinetic energy Is attributed to the internal energy of the boy. wes sear tam 12 Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Question 14: A rope of negligible mass Is wound round a hollow cylinder of mass 3 kg and radius 40 cm. What is the angular acceleration of the cylinder if the rope is pulled with a force of 30 N? \What is the linaar accaleration of the rope? Assume that there is no slipping. Solution 14 Mass of the hallow cylinder, m= 3kq Radius of the hollow cylinder, r= 40cm = 0.4m Applied force, F= 30 N The moment of inertia of the hallow cylinder about its georetric axis: temr? = 3x (04) = 0.48 kg im? Torque, ¢=F xr + =30*04=12Nm For angular aoceleration cx , torque is also géven by the relation: rela eo ee 1 048 = 2reds* Linear acceleration =ra =0.4«25=10ms* Question 15: Ta maintain a rotor at a uniform angular speed of 200 rad s',an engine needs to transmit a torque of 180 Nm. What is the power required by the engine? (Note: uniform angular velocity in the absence of friction implies zero torque, In practice, applied torque is needed to counter frictional torque). Assume that the engine is 100 % efficient. Solution 15 Angular speed of the rotor, = 200 rad/s Tarque required, + = 180 Nm The power of the rotor (P) is related to torque and angular speed by the relation: P= re P=180 x 200 = 36 = 10° P= 36 kW Hence, the power required by the engine is 36 KW. wes sear tam 1" Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion, Question 36: From a uniform disk of radius , a circular hole of radius R/2 is cut out, The centre of the hale is at Ri2 from the contre of the original disc. Locate the centre of gravity of the resulting flat body, Solution From the original centre of the bady and opposite to the centre of the cut portion. Mass per unit area af the original dist = Radius of the original disc = Mass of the original disc, M= zR'c The disc with the cut portion is shown in the follawing figure: Radius of the smaller disc = f a ‘Mass ofthe smatler disc, M ~a(§) on dak Let © and 0" b be the respective centers of the original disc: and the disc cut off trom the original. As per definition of the center of the center of mass, the center of mass of the original disc is supposed to be concentrated at ©, while that of the smaller disc is supposed to be concentrated at O*, tis given that: ya oot After the smaller disc has been cut from the original, the remaining portion is cansitered to be a system of two masses, The two masses are: M (concentrated at ©), and——M" Mt leoncentated aor (The negative sign indicates that this portion has been removed from the original disc:) Let x be the distance through which the centre of mass of the remaining partion shifts from wes sear tam “ Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion, point ©. The relation between the centres of musses of two masses is given as ee HA, mem, For the given system, we can write: mxo-m{ 5) x (The negative sign indicates that the centre af mass gets shifted toward the left of point ©.) (Question 47: A meter stick is balanced on a knife edge at its centre. When two coins, each of mass 5 g are put ane on top of the nther at the 12.0 cm mark, the stick is found to be balanced at 5.0 om. What is the mass of the meter stick? Solution 17: Let Wand W" be the respective weights of the meter stick and the coin. 50cm Tem Sem ‘The mass of the meter stick is concentrated at its mid-point, Le. at the 50 em mark Mass of the meter stick = nv" Mass of each coin, m= $.q When the coins are placed 12 cm away from the end P, the centre of mass gets shifted by 5 cm from point R toward the end P. The centre of mass is bocated al a distance of 45 cm from point P ‘The net torque will be conserved for rotational equil 10x g (45-12) —m'g(50-45)=0 1038 m= = 869 Hence, the mass of the meter stick is 66 9. ibrium about paint R wes sear tam 15 Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Medantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion, Question 14 A solid sphere rolls down two different inclined planes of the same heights but different angles af inclination. (3) Will it reach the bomom with the same speed in each case? (b) Will it take Jonger to roll down one plane than the other? (c) If sa, which one and why? Solution 18: Ansiver: (a) Yes (b) Yes (c) On the smaller inclination (a)Mass of the sphere = m Height of the plane = Velocity of the sphere at the bottom af the plane =v AL the top of the plane, the total energy of the sphere = Potential energy = rmgh At the bottom of the plane, the sphere has both translational and rotational kinetic energies. Hence, total energy = piv +2 lat Using the law of conservation at enargy, we-can write: tad : dons Ete? ina. (i) For a solid sphere, the moment of inertia about its centre, 1 = Emr’ Hence, equation (}) becomes: x 1f2_, zm +g" J ee Svs bea = gh But we have the relation, v=rar Hence, the velocity of the sphere at the bottom depends only on height (h) and acceleration due to gravity (g). Both these values are constants. Therefore, the velocity at the bottom rermains the sane from whichever inclined plane the sphere és rolled. (b). (c) Consider two inclined planes with inclinations @ and @, , related as: a8 The acceleration produced in the sphere when it rolls down the plane inclined at dis: gsin & wes sear tam 16 Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion ‘The various forces acting on the sphere are shown in the following figure, nine 1 Ry isthe normal reaction ta the sphere Similarly, the acceleration produced in the sphere when it rolls down the plane inclined at is: g sine, The various forces acting on the sphere are showin in the following figure. R, is the normal reaction to the sphere, 4,2 8; sind, > sinél... (i) >a. (ii) Initial velocity, u= 0 Final velocity, v = Constant Using the first equation of motion, we can obtain the time of roll as: Veurat natal a For inclination @ =t, z | For inclination €-t, | From equations (ii) and (iii), we get: beh Hence, the sphere will take a longer time to reach the bottom of the inctined plane having the smaller inclination. Question 19: A hoop of radius 2 m weighs 100 kg. It rolls alang a horizontal floor so that its centre of mass has a speed af 20 cvs. How much work has to be done to stop it? Solution 19: Radius of the hoop, r= 2m wes sear tam Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Mass of the hoop, m= 100 kg Velocity of the hoop, v= 20em/s = O2m/s Total energy of the hoap = Transletional KE + Rotational KE 1.1 =a lar Bagmts Moment of inertia of the hoop about its centre, | =rmr? & Fé Zoot? But wehavethe relation, v= ra» The work required to be dane for stopping the hoop is equal to the total energy of the hoop, “Required work to be dor, Woon? = 100 x (02\= 4) Question 20: The oxygen molecule has a mass of 630 x 10°%kg and a moment of inertia of 1.9410*kg m’about an axis through its centre perpendicular to the lines joining the two atoms, Suppose the mean speed of such @ molecule ina gas és S00 m/s and that its kinetic energy of rotation is two thieds of its kinetic energy of translation, Find the average angular velocity of the mokcule. Solution Mass of an oxygen molecule, m= 5.30 10 "kg Moment of inertia, 1 = 1.94 x 10 kg mn? Velocity of the oxygen molecule, v= 500 m's ‘The searation between the twa atoms of the oxygen molecule molecule = 2r Mass of each oxygen atom = a Hence, mament of inertia 1, is calculated as: wes sear tam 6 Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion 0.60010" - & 500 3 06.10" = 6.80«10" rad/s Question 22: A solid cylinder rolls up an inclined plane of angle of inclination 30*.At the bottom of the inclined plane the centre of mass of the cylinder has # speed of 5 m/s How far will the cylinder go up the plane? How long will it take to return to the bottom? Solution 21 A Solid ¢ylinder ralling up an inclination is shown in the follovsing figure. oA c Initial velocity of the solid cylinder, v= 5 mis Angle of inclination ?= 30° Height reached by the cylinder = h Energy of the cylinder at point A: KE, = KEjen wes sear tam 19 Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion dyet =ban? 2 2 Energy of the cylinder at point B = mah Using the lav of conservation af energy, we can write: er a Slo? = =m? =mgh rg Moment of inertia of the solid cylinder, 1 hme 2 {Fe Jo? + moh phon brat + ie =ah Butwe have tha relation, v= res ABS =i -agmm Hence, ‘the ovine will travel 3.82 m up the inclined plane. For radius of gyration K, the velocity of the cylinder at the instance when it rolls back to the bottom &s given by the relation: ngs XI NCERT Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion -y | 2gABsing av =| See lear For esol eae = i i _| 2gABsin® {4 ¥ ye V=[ soABsing id The time taken to return to the bottom is: 28 ¥ a) (Aosesing 196 Therefore, the total time taken by the cylinder to return to the bottom is (2 * 0.764) = ‘153s. -(2# Additional Exercise Question 22: ‘As shown in figure, the two sides of a step ladder BA and CA are 1.6 m long and hinged at A. A rope DE, 0.5 m is tied half way up, A weight 40 kg is suspended fram a point F, 1.2 m from B along the ladder BA. Assuming the floor to be frictionless and neglecting the veeight of the ladder, find the tensian in the rope and forces exerted by the floor on the ladder. (Takeg = 9.8 m/s") (Hint: Consider the equilibrium of each side of the ladder separately.) wes sear tam a Class X1-NCERT — Physics Chapter? ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Solution 22: ‘The given situation can be shown as: \ af | \ wh garth cite N, =Force exerted an the ladder by the floor point B N, =Farce exerted on the ladder by the floar paint C T= Tension in the rope BA=CA=16m DE =0.5m BF=12m Mass of the weight, m=40 kg Drave a perpendicular from A on the floor &C. This intersects DE at mid-point H. AABI and AIC are simitar BI=IC Hence, 1 is the mic-paint of BC. DE || BC BC = 2x DE=im AF =BA- BF = 04m... {i) D is the mid-point of AB. Hence, we can write: AD = SBA 0.8m alii) Using equations (I) and (li), we get: FE=0.4m Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Medantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion, Hence, F is the mid-point of AD. FGIIDH and F is the mid-point of AD, Hence. G wall also be the mid-point of AH AFG and AADH are similar =,f(0.8y -(0.25) =0.76m For translational equilibrium of the ladder, the upward force should be equal to the downward force. N.+N,=mg = 392... (iii) For rotational equilibrium of the ladder, the net moment about A is: -M, x BI +mgxFG+M, xCl+TxAG—T «AG =0 My 0.54 40.8.8 0.1254 N. (0.5) =0 (M, —N,)E, The loss of KE can be attributed to the frictional force that comes into play when the two discs come in contact with each other. Question 26: Prove the theorem of perpendicular axes, (Hine: Square of the distance of a point (x, y) inthe x-y plane from an axis through the origin perpendicular to the plane is x? + y"). Prove the theorem of parallel axes, (Hint: If the centre of mass is chosen to be the origin Sim, =O} Solution 26; (a}The thearem of perpendicular axes states that the moment of inertia of a planar body (lamina) about an axis perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of its moments of inertia about two perpendicular axes concurrent with perpendicular axis and lying in the plane of the body. A physical body with centre © and a point mass m, in the x-y plane at (x, y) iS shown in the following figure. wes sear tam m Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Moment of inertia about x-axis, 1, = me? Moment of inertia about y-axis, 1, = my* Moment of inertia about z-axis, 1, am fery y mma? + my= m+ 7) Hence, tha theorem is proved. (b) The theorem of parallel axes states that the moment of inertia af a body about any axis is equal to the sum of the moment af inertia of the body about a parallel axis passing through its cantre of mass. and the product of its mass and the square af the distance between the two pavallel anes, PRE Suppose a rigid body Is made up of n particles, having masses m.m,.m, ... .m,.at perpendicular distances f,.1,,f, ... f, respectively from the centre of mass © of the rigid body, The moment of inertia about axis RS passing through the point O: ts = Em ‘The perpendicular distance of mass m, from the axis QP -a+r, Hence, the moment of inertia about axis QP: wes sear tam 28 ngs XI NCERT Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion ho Sim avrh = Sim (at gf 2a)! Lot Smaart Mow, at the centre af mass, the moment af inertia of all the particles about the axis passing through the centre of mass is zero, that is, 25 mar -0 avo mgd also, Em =M: 4 = Total massof therigid body ro op = bag + Ma? Hence, the theorem is proved. Question 27 Prove the result that the velocity v of translation of a rolling body (like a ring, disc, cylinder or 2gh sng spheta) at the bottom of an inctinad plane of a haight fis given by v* “TERT wi + dynamical consideration (Le. by consideration of forces and torques). Mote k is the radius of gyration of the body about its symmatry axis, and R is the radius of the tod. The body starts from rest at the top of the plane. Solution 27: A body rolling on an inclined plane of height h, ts shown in the following figure: wes sear tam 2 Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion h Ratlivs af gyration of the body Translational velocity of the body leight of the inclined plane @ = Acceleration due to gravity Total energy at the top of the plane, &, = mgh Total energy at the bottom of the plane, E, =KE,., +KE,.., a plat ac Butt =m&!and w= + di gay @ “4 By = (mk?) B=5l Nee ade Lana apn et sm Away) =n b+] From the law of conservation of energy, we have: E, =, Ee mh = 2 [+t al t= (lek rR?) Hence, the given result is proved. Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Question 28: A disc rotating about its axis with angular speedo, és placed lightly (without ary translational push) on @ perfectly frictionless table. The radius of the disc is R. What are the linear velocities of the points A, B and C on the disc shown in figure? Will the disc roll in the direction indicated? Solution 28: wyatt, =( ‘The dise veill not roll Angular speed of the dise = 4, Radius of the disc = R Using the relation for linear velocity, v= oR For point A: ¥, =Rey,: inthe direction tangential to the right For point B: vig = Rao, ;in the direction tangential to the left For point ¢: % =(E in the direction same as that of va The Since the disc is placed on a frictionless table, it will not roll. This ts because the presence of friction is essential for the rolling of a body. wes sear tam at Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Medantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion, Question 291 Explain why friction is necessary to make the disc in figure given roll in the direction indicated, Give the direction of frictional force at B, and the sense of frictional torque, before perfect rolling begins. What is the force of friction after perfect rolling begins? A ¥ 4 Solution 29 A torque is required to roll the given disc. As per the definition of torque, the rotating force should be tangential to the disc, Since the frictional force at point B is along the tangential force at point A, a frictional force és required tor making the disc roll a. Farce af friction acts oppasite ta the direction of welocity at point 8, The direction of linear welocity at point B is tangentially leftward. Hence, frictional force will act tangentially rightward, The sense of frictional torque before the start of perfect rolling is perpendicular to the plane of the disc in the outward direction. . Since frictional force acts opposite ta the direction of velocity at paint ®, perfect ralling ill begin when the welocity at that point becomes equal to zero. This make the frictional force acting on the disc zero, Question 30: A solid disc and a ring, both of radius 10 cm are placed an & horizontal table simultaneously, velth initial angular spaed equal to 10x rad 5%. which of the two will start to roll earlier? The co-efficient of kinetic friction is 4x, = 0.2, Solution 30: Radi of the ring and the disc, r= 10 cm = 0.1m. Initial angular speed, a, 10.7 rad s | Coefficient of kinetic friction, 44, = 0.2. Initial welacity of both the objects, uw = 0 Motion of the two objects is caused by frictional force. As per Newton's second law of motion, wes sear tam a2 ngs XI NCERT Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion we have frictional fore, f= ma 44mg = ma where, a= Acceleration produced in the objects m= Mass oA WO. (I) AAs par the first equation of motion, the final velocity of the objects can be obtained as eu + at a0 + aygt we gat. tli) The torque applied by the frictional force will act in perpendicularly outward direction and cause reduction in the initial angular speed. Torque, r= —la = Angular accaleration singe =—lar sas ae iti) Using the first equation of rotational motion to obtain the final angular speed: oa, tat y+ Any iw anal sarwiwies linear velocity, v=reo var a) oatv) Equating equations (ii) and (v), we get: Avi) Forthering:1 =mr? ager JHA gt Fay = HOt = Fen, — OF wes sear tam a ngs XI NCERT Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion 2ingt= ray Fo, =i 240 _Odx10x3.14 ot — 0s (vil) For thedise 1 =} Dl pat, = ra, BF 2 Het, = roy ~ 2. gh, Analy =rea mc a) _O.Ax10%3.14 “3x 0.259.8 Sinoe t, =1,,the dise will start rolling before the ring. = 053s _{vlii) Question 31 A cylinder of mass 10 kg and radius 15 em is rolling perfectly an a plane of inclination 30°. The coefficient of static friction [= 025. @ How much is the force of friction acting on the cylinder? b, What is the work dane against friction during rolling? ©, Ifthe inclination @of the plane is increased, at what value of @ does the eytinder begin to skid, and not roll perfectly? Solution 31: Mass of the cylinder, m = 10 kg Radius of the cylinder, m= 0.15 m Co-efficient of kinetic friction, py, = 0.25 Angle of inclination ,@ = 30° wes sear tam En Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Moment of inertia ofa solid cylinder about its geometric axis, dig? ™ The various forces acting on the cylinder are shown in the following Figure: t The acceleration of the cylinder is given as: ae tgsing 2 F.98s05 =3.27mis! a. Using Newton's second law of motion, we can write net force as: fg =a mgsin30°~ f «ma f =mgsin30°—ma =10x9.8x 05-10% 3.27 =49-327=16.3N b. During rolling, the instantaneous point of contact with the plane cames to rest. Hence, the work done against fictional force is zer0, c. Far rolling without skid, we have the retation: 1 =Ftano ms tan@=34=3«025=-0.75 @=tan'075=36.87° Question 22: Read each statement below carefully, and state, with reasons, if it is true or false; @. During rolling, the force of friction acts in the same direction as the direction of motion af the CM of the body, b, The instantaneous speed af the point of cantact during ralling is zero. 35 Class XI NCERT— Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion c. The instantaneous acceleration of the paint of contact during rolling is zera, 1d. For perfect rolling mation, work done against friction is zero. £. A wheel maving down a perfectly frictiontess inclined plane will undemma sli ping (nat rolling) mation, alse Frictional force acts oppasite to the direction of motion of the centre of mass of a body. Inthe case of rolling, the direct ion of motion of the centre of mass is backward, Hence, frictional force acts in the forward directton, b True Rolling can be considered as the rotation of a body about an axis passing through the point of contact of the boty with the ground, Hence, its instantaneous spaed is zara, False When a body is ralling, its instanteneous acceleration is not equal to zera, [thas some valve a True When perfect rolling begins, the frictional force acting at the loviermost point becomes zaro. Hence, the work done against friction is also zero. e. True of a body occurs when a frictional force acts between the bady and the surface. This frictional force provides the torque necessary for rolling. In the absence of a frictional force, the body slips fram the inclined plane unwer the effect ofits avm weight. Question 99 Separation of Motion of a system of particles into motion of the cantre of mass and motion about the centre of mass: te) Show, =p) +mV Where p, is the momentum of the i® particle (of massm,) and p’,=mv',Note v'\ is the velocity of the i" particle relative to the centre of mass. Also, prave using the definition of the centre of mass hp,=0 (b) Show K=K' + MV? Where K is the total kinetic energy of the system of particles, K* is the total kinetic energy of the system when the particle velocities are taken with respect to the centre of mass and MV? /2is the kinetic energy of the translation of the system as a whole (Le. of the centre of mass motion of the system). The result has been used in Sec. 7.14. (ol Stow L=L' +R Where L'=3-r, =p’, i the angular momentum of the system about the centre of mass with velocities taken relative to the centre of mass. Remember r’, =r, ~R:rest of the notation is the wes sear tam % Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion, standard notation used in the chapter, Note L’and MAY \V can be said to be angular momenta, respectively, about and of the centre of mass of the system of particles. (d) Show s En fp) Further, shove that wee more ‘where +',,i5 the sum of all extemal torques acting on the system about the centre of mess (Hint: Use the definition of centre of mass and Newton's Third Law. Assume the internal forces between any twa particles act along the line joining the particles.) 13: Sole (a)Take a system of i moving particles. Mass of the i particle =m Velocity of the (particle =v, Hence, mamentum of the i'* particle, p, =m, Velacity of the centre of mass = WV The velocity of thei” particle with respect to the centre of mass af the system is given as: VisyoMen OD) Multiplying ry throughout equation (1), we get: my, =my, — mv PL =p-mv Were, Momentum of the i*>particle with respect to the centre af mass of the system py =my, ; +m \We have the relation: p’, =m," Taking the summation of momentum of all the particles with respact to the cantre of mass of the system, vee get Ea-EnieEag Where wes sear tam ” Class Xt NCERT — Physics Chapter 7 Nedantin ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion ‘osition vector of i" particle veith respect to the centre of mass al dt ‘As per the definition of the centre of mass, we have: (b) We have the relation for velocity of the i* particle as: eV Ema =Eave Lav Taking the dot product of equation (2) with itself, we get: Zw Dowie Tale evizn vie) MES MV 43 Where, Ke 5 MEV = Total kinetic energy of te system of particles k'= EMYiy! =Tote kinetic energy 0 he sytem of particles with respect to the conte of mass 5NW = Kinetic energy of the translation of the system as a whole () wes sear tam 38 Class XI NCERT — Physics Chapter? ‘Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Position vector of the i" particle with respect to origin = 1, Position vector of the i particle with respect to the centre of mass =r, Position vector of the centre of mass with respect to the origin = Itis given that: nearer We have fram part (a), Bp emVv Taking the cross prduct of this relation by f,we get: Syn -Yex p= Eyamv 7 7 7 b= P(h aR)» p+ Ele Romy =Eryecpit ERepi sere + Ram 7 7 T +S R=P Diem +S Remy vihere, : . Re Sp!

    You might also like