SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT

S8-ALUMINIUM NITRATE Al(NO3)3

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Colour colourless Absence of copper and iron
colour of the salt is noted salts
2 Solubility Soluble May be
A small amount of salt is sulphate,nitrate,chloride
dissolved in distilled water phosphate or bromide
3 Action of heat A reddish brown gas with fishy odour May be nitrate salt
A small amount of the salt is evolves
taken in a dry test tube and
heated gently
4 Flame test No characteristic coloured flame Absence of copper calcium and
A small amount of the salt is barium
made into a paste with a few
drops of concentrated
hydrochloric acid. Take the
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduced near the
Bunsen flame
5 Action of dilute hydrochloric A reddish brown gas with the fishy Presence of nitrate
acid odour turning a moist ferrous
To a small amount of the sulphate paper brown evolves
salt,dilute hydrochloric acid is
added and heated
6 Action of con.sulphuric acid A reddish brown gas turning Presence of nitrate
To a small amount of the acidified ferrous sulphate paper
salt,conc. sulphuric acid is green evolves
added and heated
7 Action of MnO2 and con.H2S04 No characteristic gas is evolved Absence of chloride and
To a small amount of the salt is bromide
mixed with pinch of MnO2 and
add few drops of con.H2SO4 and
heated
8 Action of copper turnings A reddish brown gas with the Presence of nitrate
A small amount of the salt is fishy odour turning a moist
heated with copper turnings ferrous sulphate paper brown
and conc. sulphuric acid evolves
9 Action of sodium hydroxide No pungent smelling gas Absence of ammonium salt
A small amount of the salt is
heated with sodium hydroxide
solution
10 Chromyl chloride test No yellow precipitate is obtained Absence of chloride
To a small amount of the salt a
pinch of solid potassium
dichromate is added and heated
with a few drops of
con.sulphuric acid. Pass the
 vapours into dilute sodium
hydroxide solution. If a yellow
solution obtained,add dil.acetic
acid and lead acetate solution
PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT
A small amount of the salt is mixed with twice the amount of solid sodium carbonate
in a beaker 20 ml of distilled water is added and the solution and the solution is boiled for
10 minutes, cooled and then filtered. The filtrate is called “Sodium carbonate extract”

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

11 Silver nitrate test No characteristic precipitate is Absence of chloride, bromide
To a few drops of the extract obtained and sulphide
dilute nitric acid is added until
the effervescence ceases and 2
ml of silver nitrate solution is
added
12 Lead acetate test No white precipitate is formed Absence of sulphate
To a few drops of the extract
dilute acetic acid is added until
the effervescence ceases and 2
ml of lead acetate solution is
added
13 Barium chloride test No white precipitate is obtained Absence of sulphate
To a few drops of the extract
dilute hydrochloric acid is added
until the effervescence ceases
and 2 ml of barium chloride
solution is added
14 Brown ring test Brown ring is formed in between the Presence of nitrate is
To a few drops of the extract, junction of two layers confirmed
dilute sulphuric acid is added
until the effervescence ceases.
The solution is treated with a
freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution and then
conc.sulphuric acid is added in
drops along the inner side of
the test tube
15 Ammonium molybdate test No canary yellow precipitate is formed Absence of phosphate
To a few drops of the extract
dilute nitric acid is added until
the effervescence ceases and
add 1 ml of ammonium
molybdate and conc.nitric acid
in drops
16 Sodium nitroprusside test No purple or violet colouration Absence of sulphide
To a few drops of the extract, appeared
add 1 ml of ammonium
hydroxide and few drops of
sodium nitroprusside
 IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICALS
PREPARATION OF SALT SOLUTION FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CATIONS:
To a small amount of the salt is added with 2 to 3 ml of distilled water,shake and
gently heat it. This solution is called the original solution.

ZERO GROUP

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 To 1 ml of the original solution a No reddish brown precipitate is Absence of ammonium
few drops of Nessier,s reagent obtained salt
and excess of sodium hydroxide
solution added
GROUP SEPARATION

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 To a few drops of the original No white precipitate is obtained Absence of I group
solution, 2 ml of dilute (Lead)
hydrochloric acid is added
2 To a few drops of the original No black precipitate is obtained Absence of II group
solution, 2 ml of dilute (Copper)
hydrochloric acid is added and
H2S gas is passed
3 To a few drops of the original Gelatinous white precipitate is Absence of III group
solution, 1ml of ammonium obtained (Aluminium)
chloride and 2 ml of ammonium
hydroxide solutions are added
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 ALUMINIUM(III GROUP) A clear solution is obtained Aluminium is
To the group III precipitate add confirmed
a pinch of hydrogen peroxide
and boil it

RESULT:
The given simple salt contains
Acid radical Nitrate
Basic radical Aluminium
Hence the simple salt is: Aluminum Nitrate