SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-3

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST
1. Colour: colour of the salt is colourless Absence of
noted copper,cobalt,Nickel,Manganese
and iron

2. Appearance: Appearance of crystalline May be sulphate,nitrate or

the salt is noted. chloride salts

3. Solubility: A little of the salt is soluble May be sulphate,Nitrate or

shaken well with distilled chloride salts
water.

4. Action of heat: A small Decripitation occurs.Reddish May be nitrate

amount of the salt is taken in brown gas turning starch
a dry test tube and heated iodine paper blue evolves
gently at first and then
strongly.

5. Flame test: A small amount of Dull bluish white flame May be nitrate
the salt is made into paste
with concentrated
hydrochloric acid in a watch
glass and introduced into the
non-luminous part of the
bunsen flame.

6. Ash test: The filter paper is No characteristic coloured Absence of Zinc, Aluminium,
soaked in the mixture of salt ash Phosphate and Magnesium
solution and cobalt nitrate
solution and is introduced
into the bunsen flame and
ignited.

IDENTIFICATION OF ACID
RADICALS

7. Action of dilute hydrochloric

acid: A small amount of the No characteristic change Absence of Carbonate and
salt is added to 2/3 volume of sulphide
dil HCl in a test tube.

8. Action of acidified potassium

permanganate
To a small amount of the No decolourisation Absence of sulphide
substance solution few drops
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-3

of potassium permanganate
solution acidified with dilute
sulphurid acid is added with
shaking

9. Action of concentrated
sulphuric acid: To a small Reddish brown gas evolves Presence of nitrate.
amount of the salt,2ml of
conc.sulphuric acid is added
and heated.

10. Manganese dioxide test: A No greenish yellow gas Absence of chloride

small amount of the salt is
heated with a pinch of MnO2
and 1ml con.H2SO4

11. Copper turnings test: A small Evolution of reddish brown Nitrate is present
amount the salt is heated with gas
copper turnings and con
sulphuric acid

12. Action of sodium hydroxide:

A small amount of the salt is No pungent smelling gas Absence of ammonium salt
heated with sodium hydroxide
solution.

13. Chromyl chloride test:

To a small amount of the salt No red orange vapours Absence of chloride
a pinch of potassium
dichromate is added and a
few drops of con.H2SO4

14. Preparation of water extract

The salt is dissolved in water.
this is called water extract.

i) Silver nitrate test: to a few No precipitation is obtained Absence of chloride, bromide,

drops of the extract dil.nitric iodide and sulphide.
acid is added until the
effervescence ceases and 2ml
of silver nitrate solution is
added.

ii) Lead acetate test: to a few No white precipitate is Absence of sulphate and
drops of the extract dilute obtained sulphide
acetic acid is added until the
effervescence ceases and 2ml
of lead acetate solution is
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-3

added.

iii) Barium chloride test: to a few No white precipitate is Absence of sulphate and
drops of the extract dil.HCl is obtained sulphide
added until the effervescence
ceases and 2 ml of barium
chloride solution is added

iv) Brown ring test:

To a few drops of the extract Brown ring is formed at the Presence of nitrate is confirmed
dil sulphuric acid is added junction of two layers
until the effervescence
ceases. the solution is treated
with freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution and then
with conc sulphuric acid is
added along the sides of the
test tube.

IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC
RADICALS

PREPARATION OF ORIGINAL
SOLUTION

The original solution is

prepared by dissolving a gram
of the salt in 15 ml distilled
water

GROUP SEPARATION
1. A amount of the substance is No pungent smelling gas Absence of ammonium
heated with sodium hydroxide (group 0)
solution

2. To a few drops of the original White precipitate is formed. Presence of lead (group I)
solution dil.HCl is added soluble when boiled with
water

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR

BASIC RADICALS
Lead ( Group I)
i) To a few drops of original Yellow precipitate is Lead is confirmed
solution,2 ml of potassium obtained
chromate solution is added.
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-3

ii) To a few drops of original Yellow precipitate soluble in Lead is confirmed

solution,2ml of potassium hot water and reappearing
iodide solution is added as golden yellow spangles
on cooling obtained

CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR

ACID RADICALS

Brown ring test:

To a few drops of the extract Brown ring is formed at the Nitrate is confirmed
dil sulphuric acid is added junction of the two layers
until the effervescence
ceases. the solution is treated
with freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution and then
with conc sulphuric acid is
added along the sides of the
test tube

RESULT

The given acid radical is

Nitrate
The given basic radical is Lead
The given salt is Lead nitrate
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-3
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-3
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT-3