4.

Ferric Chloride

S.No. Experiment Observation Inference

1 Colour:
Colour of the salt is noted Brown May be iron salt
2 Solubility:
A small amount of salt is Soluble May be sulphate,
dissolved in distilled water nitrate, chloride,
phosphate or
bromide
3 Action of Heat:
A small amount of salt is taken No characteristic Absence of
in a dry test tube and heated change ammonium,
gently nitrate and zinc
salts
4 Flame Test:
A small amount of the salt is No characteristic Absence of
made into a paste with a few coloured flame barium, calcium
drops of con.HCl acid. Take the and copper
paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduced near the
Bunsen flame.
5 Action of dilute Hydrochloric
acid: No characteristic Absence of
To a small amount of the salt, gas is evolved nitrate, carbonate
dilute HCl acid is added and and sulphide
heated.
6 Action of Con.Sulphuric acid:
To a small amount of the salt, A colourless gas Presence of
conH2SO4 acid is added and evolves. It gives chloride
heated. dense white fumes
when a glass rod
dipped in liquid
ammonia is
brought close to
its mouth
7 Action of MnO2 and
Con.H2SO4:
 To a small amount of the salt is A greenish yellow Presence of
mixed with pinch of MnO2 and gas turning starch chloride
add few drops of con.H2SO4 and iodide paper blue
heated. evolves
8 Action of Copper turnings:
A small amount of the salt is No reddish brown Absence of nitrate
heated with copper turnings and gas evolved
conH2SO4 acid.
9 Action of Sodium Hydroxide:
A small amount of the salt is No pungent Absence of
heated with NaOH solution. smelling gas ammonium salt
evolved.
10 Chromyl Chloride test:
To a small amount of the salt, a Yellow precipitate Presence of
pinch of solid potassium is obtained chloride is
dichromate is added and heated confirmed
with a few drops of
con.H2SO4acid. Pass the
vapours into dilute NaOH
solution. If a yellow solution is
obtained, add dil.acetic acid and
lead acetate solution.
Analysis of sodium carbonate extract
Preparation of sodium carbonate extract:
A small amount of the salt is mixed with twice the amount of solid sodium
carbonate in a beaker. 20ml of distilled water is added and the solution is boiled
for 10 minutes, cooled and then filtered. The filtrate is called “Sodium carbonate
extract”.
11 Silver nitrate test:
To a few drops of the extract, A curdy white Presence of
dil.HNO3 acid is added until the precipitate chloride
effervescence ceased and 2ml of insoluble in dilute
AgNO3 solution is added. ammonia is
formed
12 Lead acetate test:
To a few drops of the extract, No white Absence of
dilute acetic acid is added until precipitate is sulphate
the effervescence ceases and formed
2ml of lead acetate solution is
added
13 Barium chloride test:
To a few drops of the extract, No white Absence of
dil.HClacid is added until the precipitate is sulphate
effervescence ceases and 2ml of obtained
BaCl2 solution is added.
14 Brown ring test:
To a few drops of the extract, No brown ring is Absence of nitrate
dil. H2SO4 acid is added until formed
the effervescence ceases. The
solution is treated with a freshly
prepared FeSO4 solution and
then conc.H2SO4 acid is added
in drops along the inner side of
the test tube.
15 Ammonium molybdate test:
To a few drops of extract dilute No canary yellow Absence of
HNO3 acid is added until the precipitate is phosphate
effervescence ceases and add formed
1ml of ammonium molybdate
and con.HNO3 acid in drops
16 Sodium nitrobruside test:
To a few drops of extract, add No purple or Absence of
1ml of NH4OH and few drops of violet colouration sulphide
sodium nitrobruside. appeared
Identification of Basic Radicals
Preparation of salt solution for the analysis of cations:
To a small amount of the salt is added with 2 to 3ml of distilled water, shake
and gently heat it. This solution is called original solution.
ZERO GROUP
1 To 1ml of the salt solution a few No chocolate Absence of
drops of Nessler’s reagent and brown precipitate ammonium salt
excess of NaOH solution is is obtained
added.
GROUP SEPARATION
1 To a few drops of the salt No white Absence of I
solution, 2ml of dil.HCl acid is precipitate is group (Lead)
added. obtained
2 To a few drops of the salt No black Absence of II
solution 2ml of dil.HCl acid is precipitate is group (Copper)
added and H2S gas is passed obtained
3 To a few drops of the salt Brown precipitate Presence of III
solution, 1ml of NH4Cl and 2ml is obtained group (Iron)
of NH4OH solutions are added
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS
1 Iron (III Group):
To the original salt solution add A blue precipitate Iron is confirmed
dil.HCl and potassium is obtained
ferrocyanide is added
Result:
The given simple salt contains,
i) Acid Radical - Chloride
ii) Basic Radical - Ferric
The given simple salt is Ferric chloride