S.

No EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

.

A.DRY REACTION

1. Colour Appearance (a) Colourless Al3+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+,

NH4+ may be present

(b) Crystalline May be Sulphate, Nitrate

or Chloride

2. Solubility: May be Nitrate, Sulphate,

Acetate, Oxalate, Sulphite,
A pinch of salt mixture is shaken with Soluble in water
Nitrite, Chloride
distilled water

3. Action of Heat:

A little of the salt mixture is heated in a clean No characteristic gas is observed Absence of Zinc,
and dry test tube Ammonium, carbonate,

oxalate, Cl-, S2-, NO3-

S.No EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
.

4. Flame Test:

A little of the salt mixture is made into a No characteristic flame Absence of copper,
paste by mixing with conc. HCl. A small calcium, barium, strontium
amount of the paste is introduced into the
flame and the colour is noted

B.WET REACTIONS

5. Action of dil H2SO4:

A little of the salt mixture is treated with No characteristic gas is observed Absence of Carbonate,
Sulphite, Sulphide, Nitrite,
dil.H2SO4, slightly warm
Nitrate

6. Action of conc. H2SO4:

A little of the salt mixture is treated with No characteristic gas is observed Absence of Chloride,
conc.H2SO4, slightly warm Bromide, Iodide, Nitrate,
Acetate, Oxalate

S.No EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

 .

7. Copper turnings Test:

A little of the salt mixture is heated with No Reddish brown gas evolves Absence of Nitrate
copper turnings and few drops of conc.H2SO4

8. Action of NaOH:

A little of the salt mixture is heated with No characteristic gas is observed Absence of Ammonium
sodium hydroxide solution salt

Preparation of sodium carbonate extract:

Preparation of sodium carbonate extract:

About 1g of the salt is mixed with thrice its amount of Na2CO3 and 20 ml of distilled water. The solution is
then boiled well for about 10 minutes. Cool and filtered. The filtrate is known as sodium carbonate extract.
Neutralized sodium carbonate extract prepared by adding dilute acids in the following tests.
S.No EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
.

9. Silver Nitrate Test:

To the 1ml of sodium carbonate extract, No characteristic precipitate is Absence of chloride,

dil.HNO3 is added until the effervescence observed bromide, iodide
stops and 1ml of AgNO3 is added

10. Barium Chloride Test:

To the 1ml of sodium carbonate extract, White precipitate is formed Presence of Sulphate is
dil.HCl is added until the effervescence stops which is insoluble in all dilute confirmed
and 1ml of Barium chloride is added acids

11. Brown ring Test:

To the 1ml of sodium carbonate extract, dil. No brown ring is observed Absence of Nitrate
H2SO4 is added until the effervescence stops
and freshly prepared ferrous sulphate is
added. Then conc. H2SO4 is added in drops
 along the sides of the test tube

12. Neutral Ferric chloride Test:

To the 1ml of sodium carbonate extract No dark red/wine red colour Absence of Acetate
neutral ferric chloride solution is added appeared

13. Test with Sodium nitroprusside:

To the 1ml of sodium carbonate extract add No purple or violet colouration Absence of sulphide
dil.Ammonia solution and few drops of appears

sodium nitroprusside is added

D. Identification of Basic Radicals:

Group Separation

1. To the Salt mixture NaOH solution is added No pungent smelling gas evolved Absence of Group Zero
and heated the mixture gently

Preparation of Original salt solution:

 The original salt solution is prepared by dissolving the given salt in distilled water, shake it and gently heated it

2. To the 1ml original salt solution dil.HCl is No white precipitate is formed Absence of group I metal
added ions (Pb2+)

3. To the above Solution (Group I) pass H2S gas No black colour precipitate is Absence of group II metal
formed ions (Cu2+)

4. Solution after group II, boil off H2S gas (add Gelatinous white precipitate Presence of Group III
conc.HNO3 and boil). Cool, add NH4Cl solid formed (Al3+)
and NH4OH solution

Confirmatory Test – Cation

Group-III

Dissolve the gelatinous white precipitate

obtained (Group III analysis) in dil.HCl and A bright Red Lake is appeared Al3+ is confirmed
add few drops of blue litmus solution then
add ammonium hydroxide solution followed
by aluminon reagent.

Confirmatory Test – Anion

 Barium Chloride Test:

To the 1ml of sodium carbonate extract, White precipitate is formed Presence of Sulphate is
dil.HCl is added until the effervescence stops which is insoluble in all dilute confirmed
and 1ml of Barium chloride is added acids

Result

The Anion present: SULPHATE

The Cation Present: ALUMINIUM

The given simple salt: ALUMINIUM SULPHATE