INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS

INDEX NAME OF THE SALT PAGE NO

INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS I Ammonium carbonate 2
INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS II Ammonium chloride 4
INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS III Lead nitrate 6
INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS IV Lead acetate 8
INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS V Aluminium sulphate 10
INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS VI Zinc sulphate 12
INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS VII Barium Chloride 15
INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS VIII Magnesium sulphate 18

P a g e 1 | 20
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – I
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST:
1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and
Mn2+
(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and Soluble and Crystalline salt May be presence of
dissolve it in distilled water Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:
A small amount of the salt is Salt Sublimes with the evolution of NH4+ may be
taken in a dry test tube and pungent smelling gas. A dense white present
heated gently at first and then fumes formed when showing a glass
rod dipped in Conc. HCl on the mouth
strongly.
of the above test tube.
3. Flame Test:
A small amount of the salt is No characteristic coloured flame Absence of Barium,
made into paste with calcium and copper
concentrated hydrochloric acid
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.
4. Ash Test:
To the little of salt taken in a No characteristic coloured ash Absence of
test tube mixed with cobalt aluminium, zinc,
nitrate and concentrated nitric magnesium
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS
5. Action of dil.HCl:
A small amount of salt is treated Colourless, odourless gas with Brisk Presence of CO32-
with dilHCl effervescence . is identified
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :
A small amount of salt is Absence of
rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a No characteristic observation CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
A small amount of salt is Absence of chloride
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a No characteristic gas evolves and nitrate.
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:
A small amount of the salt is Absence of nitrate
heated with copper turning or No reddish brown gas
paper ball and Con H2SO4
9. Action of Barium chloride
solution:
To the salt solution Barium No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –
chloride solution is added.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)
CARBONATE (CO32 – )
a) A small amount of the salt is Lime water turns milky Presence of carbonate
treated with dilHCl and the gas is confirmed.
evolved is passed through lime
b) water taken in another test tube. A white precipitate is obtained Presence of carbonate
To the salt solution Magnesium is confirmed.
sulphate solution is added
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. To the salt solution sodium No precipitate is formed Presence of zero
carbonate is added. group
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS
TEST FOR ZERO GROUP (Ammonium)
a) To 1ml of the salt solution, a A colourless gas with the pungent Presence of
few drops of sodium hydroxide smell of ammonia is evolved. Dense Ammonium is
are added. white fumes are produced when a confirmed.
glass rod dipped in Con HCl is shown
b) at the mouth of the test tube.
To a few drops of salt solution A brown precipitate is formed. Presence of
Nesseler’s reagent is added. Ammonium is
confirmed.

RESULT

❖ Anion -Carbonate (CO32 – )

❖ Cation –Ammonium ( NH4+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Ammonium Carbonate ( NH4+)2CO3.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – II
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST:
1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and
Mn2+
(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and Soluble and Crystalline salt May be presence of
dissolve it in distilled water Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-
2. Action of Heat:
A small amount of the salt is Salt Sublimes with the evolution of NH4+ may be
taken in a dry test tube and pungent smelling gas. A dense white present
heated gently at first and then fumes formed when showing a glass
rod dipped in Conc. HCl on the mouth
strongly.
of the above test tube.
3. Flame Test:
A small amount of the salt is Absence of
made into paste with No characteristic coloured flame Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.
4. Ash Test:
To the little of salt taken in a No characteristic coloured ash Absence of
test tube mixed with cobalt aluminium, zinc,
nitrate and concentrated nitric magnesium
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS
5. Action of dil.HCl:
A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves Absence of CO32-&
with dilHCl S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :
A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of
rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube

7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:

A small amount of salt is Colourless, Irritating gas giving dense Presence of
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a white fumes when glass rod dipped in Chloride is
test tube NH4OH solution is introduced into the identified
mouth of the test tube.
8. Copper Turning Test:
A small amount of the salt is No reddish brown gas
heated with copper turning or Absence of nitrate
paper ball and Con H2SO4
9. Action of Barium chloride
solution:
To the salt solution Barium No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –
chloride solution is added.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)
CHLORIDE (Cl – )
a) To a few drops of salt solution, A curdy white precipitate is formed Presence of chloride is
a few drops of dilute HNO3 and which is completely soluble in excess confirmed.
silver nitrate solution are added. of ammonium hydroxide mixture.
b) A small amount of salt is heated A Greenish yellow gas with pungent Presence of chloride is
with a pinch of MnO2 and 1 ml smell is evolved confirmed.
of Conc H2SO4.
Chromyl Chloride test:
c) To a small amount of the salt, a Red orange vapours evolved are passed Presence of chloride is
pinch of Potassium dichromate through water in a test tube. Yellow confirmed.
is added and heated with a few solution is obtained. On adding lead
drops of Con. H2SO4. acetate solution, yellow precipitate is
formed.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. To the salt solution sodium No precipitate is formed Presence of zero
carbonate is added. group
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS
TEST FOR ZERO GROUP (Ammonium)
a) To 1ml of the salt solution, a A colourless gas with the pungent
few drops of sodium hydroxide smell of ammonia is evolved. Dense Presence of
are added. white fumes are produced when a Ammonium is
glass rod dipped in Con HCl is shown confirmed.
at the mouth of the test tube.
Presence of
b) To a few drops of salt solution A brown precipitate is formed. Ammonium is
Nesseler’s reagent is added. confirmed.

RESULT
❖ Anion – Chloride (Cl – )
❖ Cation –Ammonium (NH4+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Ammonium Chloride NH4Cl.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – III
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST:
1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and
Mn2+
(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and Soluble and Crystalline salt May be presence of
dissolve it in distilled water Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-
2. Action of Heat:
A small amount of the salt is Reddish Brown gas evolves NO3- may be present
taken in a dry test tube and
heated gently at first and then
strongly.
3. Flame Test:
A small amount of the salt is Absence of
made into paste with No characteristic coloured flame Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.
4. Ash Test:
To the little of salt taken in a No characteristic coloured ash Absence of
test tube mixed with cobalt aluminium, zinc,
nitrate and concentrated nitric magnesium
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS
5. Action of dil.HCl:
A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves
with dilHCl Absence of CO32-
& S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :
A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of
rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
A small amount of salt is Reddish brown vapour evolved and Presence of nitrate is
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a solution turns brown identified
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:
 A small amount of the salt is Reddish Brown gas. Presence of Nitrate
heated with copper turning or is identified
paper ball and Con H2SO4
9. Action of Barium chloride
solution:
To the salt solution Barium No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –
chloride solution is added.

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

NITRATE (NO3– )
a) Brown Ring Test:
A few drops of the salt A Brown ring is formed at the junction Presence of nitrate is
solution is mixed with an equal of the two layers. confirmed
volume of freshly prepared
ferrous sulphate solution and
shaken well. To this Con.H2SO4
b) is added in drops along the sides A deep blue colourisation is obtained Presence of nitrate is
of the test tube. confirmed
c) To the salt solution few drops Evolution of colourless gas with the
of diphenyl amine is added. smell of ammonia. Dense white fumes Presence of nitrate is
To the salt solution, NaOH are produced with concentrated HCl. confirmed
solution and aluminium powder
or zinc dust is added and heated
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group
carbonate is added.
2. To a few drops of salt solution, White precipitate soluble when boiled Presence of Group I
dilute hydrochloric acid is with water is obtained.
added.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS
TEST FOR GROUP I (Lead)
a) To a few drops of the salt Yellow precipitate is obtained Presence of Lead is
solution, potassium chromate confirmed
solution is added.
b) To a few drops of salt solution, Yellow precipitate soluble in hot water Presence of Lead is
2ml of potassium iodide is obtained which reappears as “Golden confirmed
solution is added. Yellow Spangles” on cooling.

RESULT
❖ Anion – Nitrate (NO31 – )
❖ Cation –Lead (Pb2+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Lead Nitrate Pb (NO3)2.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – IV
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST:
1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and
Mn2+
(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and Soluble and Crystalline salt May be presence of
dissolve it in distilled water Cl -, SO42 - , NO3- ,
2. Action of Heat:
A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of CO32-,
taken in a dry test tube and S2- ,NO3- , NH4+
heated gently at first and then
strongly.
3. Flame Test:
A small amount of the salt is Absence of
made into paste with No characteristic coloured flame Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.
4. Ash Test:
To the little of salt taken in a No characteristic coloured ash Absence of
test tube mixed with cobalt aluminium, zinc,
nitrate and concentrated nitric magnesium
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS
5. Action of dil.HCl:
A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves Absence of CO32-&
with dilHCl S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :
A small amount of salt is Vinegar like smell Presence oof
rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a test CH3COO-
tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
A small amount of salt is treated Absence of chloride
with Conc H2SO4 in a test tube No characteristic gas evolves and nitrate.
8. Copper Turning Test:
A small amount of the salt is No reddish brown gas Absence of nitrate
heated with copper turning or
paper ball and Con H2SO4
9. Action of Barium chloride
solution:
To the salt solution Barium No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –
chloride solution is added.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)
ACETATE ( CH3COO-)

a) To the salt solution 1 or 2 drops A deep red colouration is obtained. A Presence of acetate
of neutral ferric chloride reddish brown precipitate is formed on
solution is added. boiling the solution. is confirmed.

b) A mixture of salt and ethanol is A pleasant fruity smell is obtained Presence of acetate
heated with Conc. H2SO4 in a is confirmed.
test tube. It is then cooled and
then poured into excess of
water.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group
carbonate is added.
2. To a few drops of salt solution, White precipitate soluble when boiled Presence of Group I
dilute hydrochloric acid is with water is obtained.
added.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS
TEST FOR GROUP I (Lead)
a) To a few drops of the salt Yellow precipitate is obtained Presence of Lead is
solution, potassium chromate confirmed
solution is added.
b) To a few drops of salt solution, Yellow precipitate soluble in hot water Presence of Lead is
2ml of potassium iodide is obtained which reappears as “Golden confirmed
solution is added. Yellow Spangles” on cooling.

RESULT
❖ Anion – Nitrate (CH3COO 1 – )
❖ Cation –Lead (Pb2+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Lead acetate (CH3COO)2Pb
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – V
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST:
1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and
Mn2+
(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and Soluble and Crystalline salt May be presence of
dissolve it in distilled water Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-
2. Action of Heat:
A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of CO32-,
taken in a dry test tube and S2- ,NO3- , NH4+
heated gently at first and then
strongly.
3. Flame Test:
A small amount of the salt is Absence of
made into paste with No characteristic coloured flame Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.
4. Ash Test:
To the little of salt taken in a Blue ash May be Aluminium
test tube mixed with cobalt
nitrate and concentrated nitric
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS
5. Action of dil.HCl:
A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves Absence of CO32-&
with dilHCl S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :
A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of
rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
A small amount of salt is Absence of chloride
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a No characteristic gas evolves and nitrate.
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:
A small amount of the salt is Absence of nitrate
heated with copper turning or No reddish brown gas
paper ball and Con H2SO4
9. Action of Barium chloride
solution:
To the salt solution Barium A white precipitate is formed which Presence of SO42 –
chloride solution is added. is insoluble in excess dilHCl is identified.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)
SULPHATE (SO42–)
a) To salt solution a little lead A white precipitate is formed. Presence of Sulphate
acetate solution is added. is confirmed.

b) The above precipitate is The precipitate gets dissolved Presence of Sulphate

separated and heated with is confirmed.
ammonium acetate solution.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group
carbonate is added.
2. To a few drops of salt solution, No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Group I
dilute hydrochloric acid is
added.
3 To the salt solution, equal No black precipitate is obtained Absence of Group II
volume of HCl is added. H2S
gas is passed through the
solution.
4. To a few drops of salt solution, Gelatinous white precipitate soluble in Presence of group III
1 ml of ammonium chloride sodium hydroxide is obtained.
and 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution are added.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS
TEST FOR GROUP III (Aluminium)
a) To a few drops of the salt White precipitate soluble in excess of Presence of
solution, sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide is obtained Aluminium is
solution is added in drops to confirmed
excess.
b) To a few drops of salt solution, A bright red lake is obtained Presence of
2ml of NH4OH solution and a Aluminium is
few drops of ‘Aluminon confirmed
reagent’ are added.

RESULT
❖ Anion - Sulphate (SO42 – )
❖ Cation –Aluminium (Al3+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Aluminium Sulphate Al2(SO4)3
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – VI

S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

PRELIMINARY TEST:

1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and

(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and
dissolve it in distilled water
Mn2+
May be presence of
Soluble and Crystalline salt Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of CO32-,

taken in a dry test tube and S2- ,NO3- , NH4+
heated gently at first and then
strongly.

3. Flame Test:

A small amount of the salt is No characteristic coloured flame Absence of

made into paste with Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.

4. Ash Test:

To the little of salt taken in a Green ash May be Zinc

test tube mixed with cobalt
nitrate and concentrated nitric
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS

5. Action of dil.HCl:

A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves Absence of CO32-
with dilHCl & S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :

A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of

rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:

A small amount of salt is No characteristic gas evolves Absence of chloride

treated with Conc H2SO4 in a and nitrate.
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:
A small amount of the salt is Absence of nitrate
heated with copper turning or No reddish brown gas
paper ball and Con H2SO4
9. Action of Barium chloride
solution:
To the salt solution Barium A white precipitate is formed which is Presence of SO42 –
chloride solution is added. insoluble in excess dilHCl is identified.
CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)
SULPHATE (SO42–)
a) To salt solution a little lead A white precipitate is formed. Presence of Sulphate
acetate solution is added. is confirmed.

b) The above precipitate is The precipitate gets dissolved Presence of Sulphate

separated and heated with is confirmed.
ammonium acetate solution.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group
carbonate is added.
2. To a few drops of salt solution, No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Group I
dilute hydrochloric acid is
added.
3 To the salt solution, equal No black precipitate is obtained Absence of Group II
volume of HCl is added. H2S
gas is passed through the
solution.
4. To a few drops of salt solution, No characteristic precipitate is obtained Absence of group III
1 ml of ammonium chloride
and 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution are added.
5. To a few drops of salt solution Dirty white precipitate is obtained. Presence of Group IV
1ml of ammonium chloride and
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
solutions are added and then
hydrogen sulphide gas is
passed.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS
TEST FOR GROUP IV (Zinc)
Zinc:
a) To a few drops of the salt White precipitate soluble in excess of Presence of Zinc is
solution sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide is obtained. confirmed
solution is added in drops to
b) excess.
To a few drops of salt solution, Formation of a white precipitate. Presence of Zinc is
few drops of potassium confirmed
ferrocyanide are added.

RESULT
❖ Anion - Sulphate (SO42 – )
❖ Cation –Zinc (Zn2+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Zinc Sulphate ZnSO4.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS - VII
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST:
1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and
Mn2+
(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and Soluble and Crystalline salt May be presence of
dissolve it in distilled water Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:
A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of CO32-,
taken in a dry test tube and S2- ,NO3- , NH4+
heated gently at first and then
strongly.

3. Flame Test:
A small amount of the salt is Grassy green flame May be Barium
made into paste with
concentrated hydrochloric acid
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.
4. Ash Test:
To the little of salt taken in a No characteristic coloured ash Absence of
test tube mixed with cobalt aluminium, zinc,
nitrate and concentrated nitric magnesium
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS
5. Action of dil.HCl:
A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves Absence of CO32-&
with dilHCl S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :
A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of
rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
A small amount of salt is Colourless, Irritating gas giving dense Presence of
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a white fumes when glass rod dipped in Chloride is
test tu be NH4OH solution is introduced into the identified
mouth of the test tube.
8. Copper Turning Test:
A small amount of the salt is No reddish brown gas
heated with copper turning or Absence of nitrate
paper ball and Con H2SO4
9. Action of Barium chloride
solution:
To the salt solution Barium No Characteristic observation Absence of SO42 –
chloride solution is added.

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

CHLORIDE (Cl – )
a) To a few drops of salt solution, A curdy white precipitate is formed Presence of chloride is
a few drops of dilute HNO3 and which is completely soluble in excess confirmed.
silver nitrate solution are added. of ammonium hydroxide mixture.
b) A small amount of salt is heated A Greenish yellow gas with pungent Presence of chloride is
with a pinch of MnO2 and 1 ml smell is evolved confirmed.
of Conc H2SO4.
Chromyl Chloride test:
c) To a small amount of the salt, a Red orange vapours evolved are passed Presence of chloride is
pinch of Potassium dichromate through water in a test tube. Yellow confirmed.
is added and heated with a few solution is obtained. On adding lead
drops of Con. H2SO4. acetate solution, yellow precipitate is
formed.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group
carbonate is added.
2. To a few drops of salt solution, No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Group I
dilute hydrochloric acid is
added.
3 To the salt solution, equal No black precipitate is obtained Absence of Group II
volume of HCl is added. H2S
gas is passed through the
solution.
4. To a few drops of salt solution, No characteristic precipitate is obtained Absence of group III
1 ml of ammonium chloride
and 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution are added.
5. To a few drops of salt solution No Characteristic precipitate is Absence of Group IV
1ml of ammonium chloride and obtained
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
solutions are added and then
 hydrogen sulphide gas is
passed.
6. To a few drops of salt solution, White precipitate is obtained Presence of Group V
1ml of ammonium chloride and
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
and 2ml of saturated
ammonium carbonate are
added.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS
TEST FOR GROUP V (Barium, Calcium)
a) To a few drops of the salt Yellow precipitate is obtained Presence of Barium is
solution, potassium chromate confirmed
b) solution is added . A white precipitate insoluble in
To a few drops of original concentrated acids is obtained. Presence of Barium is
solution, dilute sulphuric acid is confirmed
added.

RESULT
❖ Anion -Chloride (Cl – )
❖ Cation –Barium (Ba2+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Barium Chloride BaCl2.
 INORGANIC SALT ANALYSIS – VIII
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
PRELIMINARY TEST:
1.a) Colour of the substance is noted Colourless Absence of Cu2+ and
Mn2+
(b) Solubility:
Take a little amount of salt and Soluble and Crystalline salt May be presence of
dissolve it in distilled water Cl -, SO42 - , NO3-

2. Action of Heat:
A small amount of the salt is No characteristic change Absence of CO32-,
taken in a dry test tube and S2- ,NO3- , NH4+
heated gently at first and then
strongly.
3. Flame Test:
A small amount of the salt is Absence of
made into paste with No characteristic coloured flame Barium, calcium
concentrated hydrochloric acid and copper
in a watch glass and introduced
into the non – luminous part of
the Bunsen flame using a
charred splinter.
4. Ash Test:
To the little of salt taken in a Pink ash May be Magnesium
test tube mixed with cobalt
nitrate and concentrated nitric
acid, soak a filter paper and
burn it in non – luminous flame.
ANALYSIS OF ANIONS – IDENTIFICATION TESTS
5. Action of dil.HCl:
A small amount of salt is treated No characteristic natural gas evolves
with dilHCl Absence of CO32-
& S2-
6. Action of Dil H2SO4 :
A small amount of salt is No characteristic observation Absence of
rubbed with dil H2SO4 in a CH3COO-
test tube
7. Concentrated H2SO4 Test:
A small amount of salt is Absence of chloride
treated with Conc H2SO4 in a No characteristic gas evolves and nitrate.
test tube
8. Copper Turning Test:
A small amount of the salt is Absence of nitrate
heated with copper turning or No reddish brown gas
paper ball and Con H2SO4
9. Action of Barium chloride
solution:
To the salt solution Barium A white precipitate is formed which Presence of SO42 –
chloride solution is added. is insoluble in excess dil HCl is identified.

CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

SULPHATE (SO42–)
a) To salt solution a little lead A white precipitate is formed. Presence of Sulphate
acetate solution is added. is confirmed.
b) he above precipitate is separated The precipitate gets dissolved Presence of Sulphate
and heated with ammonium is confirmed.
acetate solution.
ANALYSIS OF CATIONS
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
1. To the salt solution sodium Precipitate is formed Absence of zero group
carbonate is added.
2. To a few drops of salt solution, No white precipitate is obtained Absence of Group I
dilute hydrochloric acid is
added.
3 To the salt solution, equal No black precipitate is obtained Absence of Group II
volume of HCl is added. H2S
gas is passed through the
solution.
4. To a few drops of salt solution, No characteristic precipitate is obtained Absence of group III
1 ml of ammonium chloride
and 2ml of ammonium
hydroxide solution are added.
5. To a few drops of salt solution No Characteristic precipitate is Absence of Group IV
1ml of ammonium chloride and obtained
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
solutions are added and then
hydrogen sulphide gas is
passed.
6. To a few drops of salt solution, No Characteristic precipitate is Absence of Group V
1ml of ammonium chloride and obtained
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
and 2ml of saturated
ammonium carbonate are
added.
7. To a few drops of salt solution, White precipitate is obtained Presence of Group VI
2ml of ammonium chloride,
2ml of ammonium hydroxide
and 2ml of di-sodium hydrogen
phosphate solutions are added
and the sides of the test tube are
scratched with a glass rod.
CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR BASIC RADICALS
TEST FOR GROUP VI ( Magnesium)
a) To a few drops of salt solution, Blue precipitate is obtained Presence of
2 to 3 drops of “Magneson” Magnesium is
reagent is added followed by confirmed
sodium hydroxide in drops
b) To a few drops of the original White precipitate insoluble in excess of Presence of
solution sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide is obtained. Magnesium is
solution is added in drops to confirmed
excess.

RESULT
❖ Anion - Sulphate (SO42 – )
❖ Cation –Magnesium (Mg2+)
❖ The given unknown salt is identified as Magnesium Sulphate MgSO4.