SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALT S9

- CALCIUM CARBONATE CaCO3

PRELIMINARY TESTS

S.
Experiment Observation Inference
No

Colour Absence of
1 Colour of the salt is noted. Colourless copper/iron
salts.
Solubility May be of
2 A small amount of salt is dissolved in distilled Insoluble carbonate or
water. sulphide

Action of Heat No characteristic Absence of

A small amount of the salt is taken in a dry test change. nitrate,
3
tube and heated gently. ammonium and
zinc salts
Flame test
A small amount of the salt is made into a paste
Presence of
4 with a few drops of concentrated hydrochloric Brick red flame
calcium salt
acid . Take the paste at the charred end of the
splinter and introduced near the bunsen flame.

A colourless Presence of
Action of dil. Hydrochloric acid carbonate is
odourless gas
5 A small amount of the salt , dil. Hydrochloric confirmed’.
turning lime water
acid id added and heated.
milky evolves

Action of con. Sulphuric acid Absence of

A small amount of the salt , concentrated No characteristic chloride and
6 sulphuric acid is added and heated bromide
gas is evolved

Action of MnO2 and con.H2SO4 Absence of

To a small amount of the salt is mixed with No characteristic chloride and
7 pinch of MnO2 and add a few drops of bromide
gas is evolved
con.H2SO4and heated
 Action of Copper turnings Absence of
A small amount of the salt is heated with No reddish brown nitrate
8 copper turnings and concentrated sulphuric gas evolved
acid.

Action of Sodium hydroxide Absence of

A small amount of the salt is heated with No pungent ammonium salt.
9 sodium hydroxide solution. smelling gas
evolved

Chromyl Chloride test Absence of

To a small amount of the salt, a pinch of solid chloride
potassium dichromate is added and heated No yellow
10 with a few drops of concentrated sulphuric precipitate is
acid. Pass the vapours into dil.sodium hydroxide obtained
solution. If a yellow solution is obtained , add
dil.acetic acid and lead acetate solution .

PREPARATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE EXTRACT

A small amount of the salt is mixed with twice the amount of solid sodium carbonate in a
beaker. 20ml of distilled water is added and the solution is boiled for 10 minutes, cooled and
then filtered. The filtrate is called “Sodium carbonate extract”.

Sl .
Experiment Observation Inference
No.

Silver Nitrate Test Absence of

To a few drops of the extract , dil.nitric acid is No characteristic
chloride,
11 added until the effervescence ceases and 2ml of precipitate is
bromide and
the silver nitrate solution is added. obtained
sulphide.

Lead acetate test

To a few drops of the extract , dilute acetic acid is No white
Absence of
12 added until the effervescence ceases and 2ml of precipitate is
sulphate
lead acetate solution is added. formed

Barium Chloride Test

To a few drops of the extract , dilute hydrochloric No white
Absence of
13 acid is added until the effervescence ceases and precipitate is
sulphate
2ml of barium chloride solution is added. formed
 Brown Ring test
To a few drops of the extract , dilute sulphuric
acid is added until the effervescence ceases. The
No brown ring is Absence of
14 solution is treated with a freshly prepared ferrous
formed nitrate
sulphate solution and then concentrated
sulphuric acid is added in drops along the inner
side of the test tube.
Ammonium molybdate test
To a few drops of the extract , dilute nitric acid is No canary yellow
Absence of
15 added until the effervescence ceases and add 1ml precipitate is
phosphate
of ammonium molybdate and con. nitric acid in formed
drops.

Sodium Nitroprusside test No purple or

To a few drops of the extract, add 1ml of violet Absence of
16
ammonium hydroxide and few drops of sodium colouration sulphide
nitroprusside . appeared

PREPARATION OF SALT SOLUTION FOR THE ANALYIS OF CATIONS

To a small amount of the salt is added with 2 to 3 ml of dil.hydrochloric acid, shake and gently
heat it. This clear solution is called original Solution.

ZERO GROUP

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

To 1ml of the original solution a few drops No reddish brown

Absence of
1 of Nessler’s reagent and excess of sodium precipitate is
ammonium salt.
hydroxide solution added. obtained.

GROUP SEPARATION

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

To a few drops of the original solution , No white precipitate Absence of I Group

1
2ml of dilute hydrochloric acid is added. is obtained (Lead)
 To a few drops of the original solution,
No black precipitate Absence of II Group
2 2ml of dilute hydrochloric acid is added
is obtained (Copper)
and H2S gas is passed.

To a few drops of the original solution , No Gelatinous

1ml of ammonium chloride and 2ml of white/brown Absence of III group
3
ammonium hydroxide solutions are precipitate is (Aluminium/Iron
(Aluminium )
added. obtained

To a few drops of the original solution, 1

No dirty white
ml of ammonium chloride and 2ml of Absence of IV group
4 precipitate is
ammonium hydroxide solutions are (Zinc)
obtained
added and pass H2S gas.

To a few drops of the original solution,

1ml of ammonium chloride and 2ml of
White precipitate is Presence of V group
5 ammonium hydroxide solutions are
obtained (Calcium)
added and add 1ml ammonium
carbonate

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

Calcium ( V Group):
A white precipitate obtained.
tained. Filter
To the group V precipitate add a
to residue add a drop of con.HCl.. Calcium is
1 few drops of acetic acid and boil
Take the residue and introduce confirmed
it. Then add 1.5 ml of Ammonium
near the Bunsen flame
sulphate solution

RESULT:

The given simple salt contains

Acid radical Carbonate

Basic radical Calcium

Hence the simple salt is : Calcium

alcium Carbonate