MHT-CET TRIUMPH

MATHEMATICS

HINTS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS,

EVALUATION TESTS
&
MHT-CET 2019 (6th May, Afternoon) PAPER
 CONTENT
Textbook
Sr. No. Chapter Chapter Name Page No.
No.
Std. XI
1 2 Trigonometric Functions 1
2 3 Trigonometric Functions of Compound Angles 13
3 4 Factorization Formulae 41
4 6 Straight Line 54
5 7 Circle and Conics 79
6 1 Sets, Relations and Functions 115
7 4 Sequence and Series 138
8 11 Probability 174
Std. XII
9 1 Mathematical Logic 196
10 2 Matrices 203
11 3 Trigonometric Functions 219
12 4 Pair of Straight Lines 270
13 5 Vectors 292
14 6 Three Dimensional Geometry 309
15 7 Line 320
16 8 Plane 338
17 9 Linear Programming 366
18 1 Continuity 383
19 2 Differentiation 405
20 3 Applications of Derivatives 458
21 4 Integration 504
22 5 Definite Integrals 558
23 6 Applications of Definite Integral 606
24 7 Differential Equations 630
25 8 Probability Distribution 671
26 9 Binomial Distribution 683
MHT-CET 2019 (6th May, Afternoon) Paper 691
 Textbook
Chapter No. Chapter 02: Trigonometric Functions

02 Trigonometric Functions

Hints

Classical Thinking x
  2
9 4 2
1. tan  = x=8
2
sin  9 9. sin  = 3 cos 
 
cos  2 sin 
  3
2 2 3 1 cos 
 cos  = sin    
9 9 4 6  tan  = 3   = 60
3
2. 5 sin  = 3  sin  = 1
5 10. sin(  ) = = sin 30
2
sec   tan  1  sin    –  = 30 …..(i)
=
sec   tan  1  sin  1
3 and cos( + ) = = cos 60
1 2
= 5   +  = 60 …..(ii)
3 On solving (i) and (ii), we get
1
5  = 45 and  = 15
=4
20
sin  cos  sin  .sin  cos  .cos  11. tan  =
3.  =  21
1  cot  1  tan  sin   cos  cos   sin  Since 1 + tan2  = sec2 
cos 2   sin 2  400 841
=  sec2  = 1 + =
cos   sin  441 441
= cos  + sin  29
 sec  = 
1 21
4. sin  =  and tan  = 1
2 21
 cos  = 
Since, sin  is ve and tan  is +ve in third 29
quadrant, 12. 1 + tan2 = sec2 
  lies in the IIIrd quadrant. 1
1+ = sec2 
5. Since, sin  is ve and cos  is +ve 10
  lies in IVth quadrant. 11 11
 sec2 =  sec  =
   1 1
2 2
10 10
+ cos2  tan2 =       1
2 2
7. sin
6 3 4 2 2 ….[  lies in the fourth quadrant]
1 1 1 1 6
=  1 =  13. sec2  = 1 + tan2  = 1 + 
4 4 2
5 5
tan 2 60 cosec30 5
8. x sin 45 cos2 60=  cos2  =
sec 45 cot 2 30 6
1 1 3.2 5
 x. .   cos  = ….[  lies in the 1st quadrant]
2 4 2.3 6

1
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Squaring (i) and (ii) and adding, we get
1  sin 
14. sec  + tan  = x2 + y2 = a2 cos2  + b2 sin2  + 2ab cos  sin 
cos  + a2 sin2  + b2 cos2   2ab sin  cos 
1  sin   x + y2 = a2 + b2
2
=
 1  sin 2  21. x = a cos3 
1
….[  lies in the second quadrant,  cos  < 0]  x 3
    cos  , and ….(i)
 21  a
 1  
29  5
=  =  y = b sin3 
2 2 1
 21   y 3
1       sin  ….(ii)
 29  b
15. sec x  sec x = sec x (sec2 x  1)
4 2 2
Squaring (i) and (ii) and adding, we get
= (1 + tan2 x) tan2 x 2 2

= tan2 x + tan4 x  x 3  y 3 2 2
     = cos  + sin 
a b
 1 
16. tan2   sin2  = sin2   2
 1 =1
 cos   22. 2
cos x + cos x = 1
= sin  (sec2   1)
2
 cos x = sin2 x ….[ 1  cos2 x = sin2 x]
= sin2  tan2 
Also sec  cosec2  ≠ sec2  – cosec2 , and
2  sin2 x + sin4 x = cos x + cos2 x = 1
cosec2  + cot2   cosec2  cot2  23. sin x + sin2 x = 1
 sin x = cos2 x
17. x = sec  + tan   cos8 x + 2 cos6 x + cos4 x
1 1 = sin4 x + 2 sin3 x + sin2 x
 x+ = sec  + tan  +
x sec   tan  = (sin x + sin2 x)2
sec   tan  = (1)2 = 1
= sec  + tan  +
sec 2   tan 2  1
= sec  + tan  + sec   tan  24. sec  = is not possible as |sec |  1
2
….[ sec2   tan2  = 1]
25. tan  can have any value
= 2 sec  sin  and cos  cannot be numerically greater
cos x sin x than 1.
18. cot x + tan x =  sec  should be greater than 1.
sin x cos x
 Option (D) is the correct answer.
cos 2 x + sin 2 x
= 26. Since,  1  cos   1
sin x cos x
  5  5 cos   5
1  5 + 12  5 cos  + 12  5 + 12
=
sin x cos x  7  5 cos  + 12  17
= sec x cosec x
sin 2 20  cos 4 20 Critical Thinking
19.
sin 4 20  cos 2 20 sin 
psin  q cos  p q
sin 20  cos 20 1  sin 20 
2 2 2
1. = cos 
= psin   q cos  sin 
sin 20 1  cos 20   cos 20
2 2 2 p q
cos 
1  sin 20 cos 20
2 2
p tan   q
= =1 =
1  sin 2 20 cos 2 20 p tan   q
20. x = a cos  + b sin  ….(i) p2  q2  p 
= ….  tan   (given) 
and y = a sin   b cos  ….(ii) p2  q 2  q 
2
 Chapter 02: Trigonometric Functions
2. cos2  + sec2  = (cos   sec )2 + 2  2 Hence, both sin A and sin B are negative.
3. sin x + cosec x = 2  2 sin A + 4 sin B
 sin2 x + 1 = 2 sin x =  2 1  cos 2 A  4 1  cos 2 B
 (sin x 1)2 = 0  sin x = 1 9 16
1 =  2 1  4 1 =4
 n n
sin x + cosec x = sin x + n 25 25
sin n x
1 10. sec  + tan  = 3 .…(i)
= (1)n + =2
(1)n 1
 sec   tan  = .…(ii)
3
4. Since, 1 radian = 57 nearly and sin 57 > sin 1
 sin1  sin1 ….[ sec2   tan2  = 1]
5. Since, 1 radian = 57 nearly Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
 2 radians = 114 nearly 1
2 tan  = 3 
Since, 57 lies in Ist quadrant and 114 lies in 3
IInd quadrant.
1 
 tan 1 > 0 and tan 2 < 0  tan  = =
 tan 1 > tan 2 3 6

6. cos A =
3 1  sin  1  sin  2
2 11. =
1 sin  1  sin 2 
 cos A = cos 30
 A = 30 1  sin θ
=
 tan 3A = tan 90 =  cosθ
 1  sin θ  π 3π 
7. tan(A  B) = 1 = tan = ….   θ   cosθ  0 
4  cosθ  2 2 
 =  sec  + tan 
AB= ....(i)
4
2  1  sin    1  sin  
and sec(A + B) = 12.    
3  1  sin    1  sin  
11 1  sin   1  sin  2
A+B= ....(ii) = =
6 1  sin 
2
cos 2 
From (i) and (ii), we get 2
= ….[  lies in the 2nd quadrant]
19  cos 
B=
24 = – 2 sec
8. sin (A + B + C) = 1 1  cos  1  cos 
 A + B + C = 90 ….(i) 13. 
1  cos  1  cos 
1 1  cos   1  cos 
tan (A  B) = 
3
1  cos 2 
 A  B = 30 ....(ii)
2  3 
sec (A + C) = 2 = ….      
 sin   2
 A + C = 60 .…(iii)
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get 4
14. 3 tan A + 4 = 0  tan A = 
B = 30, A = 60, C = 0 3
3 4 1 + tan2 A = sec2 A
9. cos A = and cos B = 16
5 5  sec2 A = 1 +
Both A and B lie in the fourth quadrant. 9
3
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
5  9 (1 cos2 ) + 16 (1 sin2 )
 sec A = ….[  lies in 2nd quadrant]
3 + 24 sin  cos  = 25
2 2
3  9 cos  + 16 sin   24 sin  cos  = 0
 cos A =   (3 cos   4 sin )2 = 0
5
 3 cos   4 sin  = 0
9
 sin A = 1  cos 2 A = 1 
25 19. 2u6  3u4
4 = 2 (cos6  + sin6 )  3 (cos4  + sin4 )
= ….[ A lies in 2nd quadrant] = 2(1  3 sin2  cos2 )  3(1  2 sin2  cos2 )
5
=1
 2 cot A  5 cos A + sin A
20. sin x + sin2 x = 1
 3  3 4
= 2     5     sin x = 1  sin2 x
 4  5 5
 sin x = cos2 x
23
=  cos12 x + 3 cos10 x + 3 cos8 x + cos6 x  2
10
= sin6 x + 3 sin5 x + 3 sin4 x + sin3 x  2
1
15. sec   tan  = ….(i) = (sin2 x)3 + 3(sin2 x)2 sin x + 3(sin2 x)(sin x)2
2
+ (sin x)3  2
 sec  + tan  = 2 ….(ii)
….[ sec2   tan2  = 1] = (sin2 x + sin x)3  2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get = (1)3  2 ….[ sin x + sin2 x = 1]
5 5 = 1
2 sec  =  sec  =
2 4
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 21. 10 sin4  + 15 cos4  = 6
3 3  10 sin4  + 15 cos4  = 6 (sin2  + cos2 )2
2 tan  =  tan  =
2 4  10 tan4  + 15 = 6 (tan2  + 1)2
Since, both sec  and tan  are positive,
 (2 tan2   3)2 = 0
  lies in the first quadrant.
3
16. cos  + sin  = 2 cos   tan2  =
2
Squaring both sides, we get
 cos2  + sin2  + 2sin  cos  = 2cos2   27 cosec6  + 8 sec6 
 2 sin  cos  = 2cos2   1 ….(i) = 27 (1 + cot2 )3 + 8 (1 + tan2 )3
Now 3 3
 2  3
(cos   sin )2 = cos2  + sin2   2sin  cos  = 27  1   + 8  1   = 250
= 1  (2 cos2   1)  3  2
….[From (i)]
= 2 (1  cos2 ) 1  sin 
22. sec   tan  =
= 2 sin2  cos 
 cos   sin  = 2 sin  2pq
1
p  q2
2
17. (sin x  cos x)2 = sin2 x + cos2 x  2 sin x cos x =
2
= 1  {(sin x + cos x)2  (sin2 x + cos2 x)}  2pq 
1  2 2 
= 1  (a2  1) ….[ sin x + cos x = a] p q 
= 2  a2
(p  q) 2
 | sin x  cos x | = 2a 2 =
(p 2  q 2 ) 2
18. 3 sin  + 4 cos  = 5
(p  q) 2 pq
Squaring both sides, we get = =
9 sin2  + 16 cos2  + 24 sin  cos  = 25 p q
2 2
pq

4
 Chapter 02: Trigonometric Functions
a 1 1  cos   sin  1  cos   sin  1  cos   sin 
23. sec   tan  = ….(i) 26. = .
a 1 1  sin  1  sin  1  cos   sin 
a 1 (1  sin ) 2  cos 2 
 sec  + tan  = ….(ii) =
a 1 (1  sin )(1  cos   sin )
….[ sec2   tan2  = 1] 1  2sin   sin 2   (1  sin 2 )
=
(1  sin  )(1  cos   sin  )
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
a 1 a 1 2sin (1  sin )
2 sec  =  =
(1  sin )(1  cos   sin )
a 1 a 1
(a  1) 2  (a  1) 2 2sin 
 2 sec  = =
a2 1 1  cos   sin 
=x
2(a 2  1)
 2 sec  =
a2 1 sin 2 y 1  cos y sin y
27. 1  
a 1
2
1  cos y sin y 1  cos y
  sec  =
a2 1
1  cos y  sin 2 y (1  cos 2 y )  sin 2 y
a 1
2 = 
 cos  = 1  cos y sin y (1  cos y )
a2  1
cos 2 y  cos y sin 2 y  sin 2 y
= +
24. tan2  = sec2   1 1  cos y sin y (1  cos y )
2 2
 1   1  cos y (1  cos y )
= x  1= x  = + 0 = cos y
 4x   4x  1  cos y
 1 
 tan  =   x   2sin  tan (1  tan )  2sin  sec2 
 4x  28.
(1  tan ) 2
1  1 
 sec  + tan  = x +  x  =
2sin 
{tan  (1  tan ) + sec2 }
4x  4x 
(1  tan ) 2

1  1 
2sin 
 sec  + tan  = x + + x 
4 x  4x  = (tan   tan2  + 1 + tan2 )
(1  tan )2
or
2sin 
1  1  =
1  tan 
sec  + tan  = x + – x 
4x  4x 
sin 3 A  cos3 A sin A
1 29.   2 tan A cot A
 sec  + tan  = 2x or sin A  cos A 1  tan 2 A
2x
sin A
= (sin2 A + cos2 A + sin A cos A) + 2
 π   π   π   π  sec A
25. sin6   +cos6   1+3sin2   cos2  
 49   49   49   49  = 1 + sin A cos A  sin A cos A  2
 π   π  ….[ A is an obtuse angle  cos A < 0]
= sin6   + cos6  
 49   49  =1
 π   π  π π 
+ 3 sin2   cos2    sin 2  cos 2  1 x y
 49   49   49 49  30. cos  + sin  =  1 ….(i)
a b
3
 π π  x y
=  sin 2  cos 2  1=11=0 and sin   cos  = 1 ….(ii)
 49 49  a b
5
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Squaring (i) and (ii) and adding, we get 35. xy = (sec   tan ) (cosec  + cot )
x2 y2 1  sin  1  cos 
a2
 sin 2
  cos 2
  
b2
 sin 2   cos2  = 2 =
cos 
.
sin 
x2 y 2 1  sin   cos   sin  cos   sin  cos 
 2  2 =2 xy +1=
a b cos  sin 
31. x sin3 + y cos3 = sin  cos  ….(i) 1  sin   cos 
 xy + 1  ....(i)
and x sin   y cos  = 0 cos  sin 
 x sin  = y cos  ….(ii)
x  y = (sec   tan )  (cosec  + cot )
 From (i) and (ii), we get
1  sin  1  cos 
y cos  sin2  + y cos3  = sin  cos  = 
cos  sin 
 y cos  (sin2  + cos2 ) = sin  cos 
 y cos  = sin  cos  sin   sin 2   cos   cos 2 
=
 y = sin  cos  sin 
 x = cos 
sin   cos    sin 2   cos 2  
 x2 + y2 = cos2  + sin2  = 1 =
32. m + n = a cos3  + 3a cos  sin2  cos  sin 
+ 3a cos2  sin + a sin3  sin   cos   1
xy  ....(ii)
= a (cos  + sin)3 cos  sin 
Similarly, (m  n) = a (cos   sin )3 Adding (i) and (ii), we get
 (m + n)2/3 + (m  n)2/3 xy  1  ( x  y )  0
2
= a 3 {(cos  + sin)2 + (cos   sin )2} y 1
x
2 2 y 1
= a 3 {2(cos2  + sin2 )} = 2a 3
36. sin 1 + sin 2 + sin 3 = 3
33. sin2  + sin2  + sin2   sin 1 = sin 2 = sin 3 = 1
tan 2  tan 2  tan 2 
   ….[ 1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1]
1  tan 2  1  tan 2  1  tan 2 

x y z  1 = 2 = 3 =
   2
1 x 1 y 1 z  cos 1 + cos 2 + cos 3 = 0
….[Let x = tan2 , y = tan2 , z = tan2 ]
37. Given, (a + b)2 = 4ab sin2 
( x  y  z)  ( xy  yz  zx  2 xyz)  xy  yz  zx  xyz
 (a  b) 2
(1  x)(1  y )(1  z)  sin2  = 1
4ab
x  y  z  1  xy  yz  zx  xyz
= =1  (a + b)2  4ab ≤ 0
(1  x)(1  y )(1  z)  (a  b)2 ≤ 0
a=b
2sin  cos 
34. p+q= 
1  sin   cos  1  sin   12 
38. 12 sin   9 sin2  =  9  sin 2   sin  
2 sin θ(1 + sinθ) + cos θ(1 + sin θ + cos θ)  9 
=
(1 + sin θ + cos θ) (1 + sin θ)  4 
=  9  sin 2   sin  
2 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ + cos θ + cosθ sinθ + cos 2θ  3 
=  2 2 
2 2
1 + 2sin θ + sin 2θ + cos θ + cos θ sin θ 4
=  9 sin 2   sin        
2 sin θ + sin 2θ + (sin 2 θ + cos 2θ) + cos θ + cos θ sin θ  3  3   3  
=
1 + 2sin θ + sin 2θ + cos θ + cos θ sin θ  2
2
4
=  9  sin    + 9   4
p+q=1  3 9
6
 Chapter 02: Trigonometric Functions
39. y = sin2  + cos4  5. Since, 200 lies in IIIrd quadrant.
 y = cos4   cos2  + 1  sin 200, cos 200 are both ve.
 1 3
2  their sum is ve.
 y =  cos 2 θ   
 2 4 6. One of the factor of the given expression is
2
Now, 0  cos   1 cos 90 = 0.
1 1 1  cos 1.cos 2.cos 3…..cos 179 = 0
   cos2   
2 2 2    
2 7. Given that x  0,  , y  0, 2 
 1 1  2  
 0   cos 2 θ   
 2 4 sin x + cos y = 2
3  1 3
2 
   cos 2 θ     1 Maximum value of sin x = 1  x =
4  2 4 2
Maximum value of cos y = 1  y = 0
3  
 y1  x+y= +0=
4 2 2

Competitive Thinking 58. sin – cos = 1 ...(i)

 (sin – cos)2 = 1
5sin   3cos  5 tan   3  1 – 2 sin cos = 1
1. =
5sin   2cos  5 tan   2  sin.cos = 0 ...(ii)
43 Now, sin3 – cos3
=
42 = (sin – cos) (sin2 + sin cos + cos2)
….[ 5 tan  = 4 (given)] = (1) (1 + sin.cos) ...[From (i)]
=1+0 ...[From (ii)]
1
= =1
6
2 2 8. cosec2  = 1 + cot2 
2. sin  + cosec 
9  4
= (sin  + cosec )2  2sin  cosec  =1+ ….  tan    
16  3
= (2)2  2 ….[sin  + cosec  = 2 (given)]
25
=42=2 =
16
3. sin  + cosec  = 2 1 16 4
 sin2 = =  sin = ±
 1  cosec  25
2
5
 sin2  + 1 = 2 sin  ….  cosec   
 sin   Both the values are acceptable.
 sin2   2 sin  + 1 = 0 4
Since, tan  = 
 (sin   1)2 = 0 3
 sin  = 1 i.e.,  lies in 2nd or 4th quadrant.
1 24
 sin10 + cosec10  = sin10  + 9. sin  =
sin10  25
1 7 24
= (1)10 + 10  cos  = , tan  =
(1) 25 7
=2 ....[  lies in the 2nd quadrant]
4. tan A + cot A = 4 25 24
Squaring both sides, we get  sec  + tan  =   7
7 7
tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 tan A cot A = 16
 tan2 A + cot2 A = 14  2t 
2

Again, squaring both sides, we get 10. cos  =  1   2 

1 t 
tan4 A + cot4 A + 2 = 196
 tan4 A + cot4 A = 194 ....[  lies in the 2nd quadrant]

7
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
11
=
(1  t 2 ) 2  4t 2
=
1  t 
2 2
14. cosec A + cot A =
2
(1  t 2 ) 2 1  t 
2 2

 cosec A cot A =
2
 1  t2 11
= 117 44
1  t2  2cot A =  tan A =
22 117
11. cosec 2   2 cot   1  cot 2   2cot  15. sec  + tan  = p ….(i)
= | 1 + cot |  sec   tan  =
1
….(ii)
3 p
But <<
4 1 p2  1
 2 tan  = p   tan  =
 cot  <  1  1 + cot  < 0 p 2p
Hence, | 1 + cot  | = (1 + cot )
16. tan  + sec  = ex …..(i)
x
12. cosec   cot  = 2017 …(i)  sec  tan  = e …..(ii)
1 1  2 sec  = ex + ex
 =
cosec   cot  2017 2
 cos  = x
cosec   cot  1 e  e x
 =
(cosec   cot ) (cosec   cot ) 2017 17. sin  + cos  = 1
1 Squaring both sides, we get
 cosec  + cot  = …(ii) sin2  + cos2  + 2 sin  cos  = 1
2017
Adding (i) and (ii), we get  sin  cos  = 0
1 18. (3 cos A  5 sin A)2
2 cosec  = 2017 +
2017 = 9 cos2 A + 25 sin2A  30 sin A cos A
 cosec  = positive  sin  = positive = 9(1  sin2 A) + 25 (1  cos2A)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get  30 sin A cos A
1 = 34  (9 sin2 A + 25 cos2 A + 30 sin A cos A)
 2 cot  =  2017 = 34  (3 sin A + 5 cos A)2
2017
 cot  = negative  tan  = negative = 34  25 ....[ 3 sin A + 5 cos A = 5]
  lies in II quadrant. =9

1 19. Given, sec  = m and tan  = n

13. cosec  – cot  = ….(i) Since, sec2   tan2  = 1
2
 (sec   tan ) (sec  + tan ) = 1
 cosec  + cot  = 2 ….(ii)
 (m  n) (m + n) = 1
….[ cosec2  – cot2  = 1]
1
Adding (i) and (ii), we get mn= ....(i)
mn
5 4
2 cosec  =  sin  = 1  1  1
2 5  (m  n)  = (m + n + m – n)
m  mn m
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
3 3 ….[From (i)]
2 cot  =  cot  = =2
2 4
3 20. n(m2  1) = (sec  + cosec ).2sin cos
 cos  = sin 
4 ….[ m2 = 1 + 2 sin cos]
3 4 3 sin  cos 
=  = = .2sin  cos  = 2m
4 5 5 sin .cos 
8
 Chapter 02: Trigonometric Functions
21. 2y cos  = x sin  …..(i) 27. sin6  + cos6  + 3 sin2  cos2 
and 2x sec   y cosec  = 3 = (sin2  + cos2 )3  3 sin2  cos2 
2x y + 3 sin2  cos2  = 1
  3
cos  sin 
2x sin  y cos  3 sin cos = 0 ….(ii) 28. 6(sin6  + cos6 )  9(sin4  + cos4 ) + 4
Solving (i) and (ii), we get = 6[(sin2  + cos2 )3  3 sin2  cos2]
y = sin  and x = 2 cos   9[(sin2  + cos2 )2  2 sin2  cos2] + 4
 x2 + 4y2 = 4 cos2  + 4 sin2  = 6(13 sin2  cos2 )9(1  2 sin2  cos2 ) + 4
2 2
= 4 (cos  + sin ) = 4 =69+4=1
22. m + n = 2 tan , m  n = 2 sin 
29. sin x + sin2 x = 1
 m2  n2 = 4 tan . sin  ….(i)
 sin x = 1  sin2 x
Also, 4 mn = 4 tan 2   sin 2 
 sin x = cos2 x
= 4sin.tan ….(ii)
2 2
 cos12 x + 3 cos10 x + 3 cos8 x + cos6 x  1
 From (i) and (ii), we get m  n = 4 mn
= sin6 x + 3 sin5 x + 3 sin4 x + sin3 x  1
23. (sec  + tan )(sec  + tan ) (sec  + tan ) = (sin2 x)3 + 3(sin2 x)2 sin x + 3 sin2 x . sin2 x
= tan  tan  tan  .…(i) + (sin x)3  1
Let x = (sec   tan )(sec   tan )
= (sin2 x + sin x)3  1= 13  1= 0
(sec   tan ) …(ii)
Multiplying equations (i) and (ii), we get 30. (cos x + sin x)2 + k sin x cos x  1 = 0
(sec2  tan2)(sec2  tan2)(sec2  tan2)  cos2 x + sin2 x + 2 cos x sin x
= x(tan  tan  tan ) + k sin x cos x  1 = 0
1  (k + 2) cos x sin x = 0
x=
tan  tan  tan 
 k + 2 = 0  k = 2
 x = cot  cot  cot 
24. 2 P6  3 P4 + 1 31. Since, sec2  ≥ 1
= 2 (cos6  + sin6 )  3(cos4  + sin4 ) + 1 4 xy
 ≥ 1  4xy ≥ (x + y)2
2 2
= 2 (1  3 sin  cos )  3 [(sin  + cos )2 2 2 ( x  y)2
 2 sin2  cos2 ] + 1  (x  y)2 ≤ 0
= 2  6 sin2  cos2   3 (1  2 sin2  cos2 ) + 1 It is possible only when x = y and x ≠ 0.
=0
 
25. (secA + tanA  1)(secA  tanA + 1)  2 tanA 32. Since,    0, 
 4
= sec2 A  tan2 A – sec A tan A + secA
+sec Atan A+tanA – secA + tanA – 1 – 2 tanA  tan  < 1 and cot  > 1
= sec2A – tan2A – 1 Let tan  = 1  1 and cot  = 1 + 2, where 1
=0 ….[ sec2 A  tan2 A = 1] and 2 are very small and positive.
Then, t1  1  1  , t 2  1  1 
11 1 2
4 4
26. cos   sin 
t 3  1   2  , t 4  1   2 
11 1 2
= (cos2 +sin2 ) (cos2 sin2 ) = cos2 sin2 
= cos2   (1  cos2 ) = 2 cos2   1 Clearly, t4 > t3 > t1 > t2
9
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
5  9 (1 cos2 ) + 16 (1 sin2 )
 sec A = ….[  lies in 2nd quadrant]
3 + 24 sin  cos  = 25
2 2
3  9 cos  + 16 sin   24 sin  cos  = 0
 cos A =   (3 cos   4 sin )2 = 0
5
 3 cos   4 sin  = 0
9
 sin A = 1  cos 2 A = 1 
25 19. 2u6  3u4
4 = 2 (cos6  + sin6 )  3 (cos4  + sin4 )
= ….[ A lies in 2nd quadrant] = 2(1  3 sin2  cos2 )  3(1  2 sin2  cos2 )
5
=1
 2 cot A  5 cos A + sin A
20. sin x + sin2 x = 1
 3  3 4
= 2     5     sin x = 1  sin2 x
 4  5 5
 sin x = cos2 x
23
=  cos12 x + 3 cos10 x + 3 cos8 x + cos6 x  2
10
= sin6 x + 3 sin5 x + 3 sin4 x + sin3 x  2
1
15. sec   tan  = ….(i) = (sin2 x)3 + 3(sin2 x)2 sin x + 3(sin2 x)(sin x)2
2
+ (sin x)3  2
 sec  + tan  = 2 ….(ii)
….[ sec2   tan2  = 1] = (sin2 x + sin x)3  2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get = (1)3  2 ….[ sin x + sin2 x = 1]
5 5 = 1
2 sec  =  sec  =
2 4
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 21. 10 sin4  + 15 cos4  = 6
3 3  10 sin4  + 15 cos4  = 6 (sin2  + cos2 )2
2 tan  =  tan  =
2 4  10 tan4  + 15 = 6 (tan2  + 1)2
Since, both sec  and tan  are positive,
 (2 tan2   3)2 = 0
  lies in the first quadrant.
3
16. cos  + sin  = 2 cos   tan2  =
2
Squaring both sides, we get
 cos2  + sin2  + 2sin  cos  = 2cos2   27 cosec6  + 8 sec6 
 2 sin  cos  = 2cos2   1 ….(i) = 27 (1 + cot2 )3 + 8 (1 + tan2 )3
Now 3 3
 2  3
(cos   sin )2 = cos2  + sin2   2sin  cos  = 27  1   + 8  1   = 250
= 1  (2 cos2   1)  3  2
….[From (i)]
= 2 (1  cos2 ) 1  sin 
22. sec   tan  =
= 2 sin2  cos 
 cos   sin  = 2 sin  2pq
1
p  q2
2
17. (sin x  cos x)2 = sin2 x + cos2 x  2 sin x cos x =
2
= 1  {(sin x + cos x)2  (sin2 x + cos2 x)}  2pq 
1  2 2 
= 1  (a2  1) ….[ sin x + cos x = a] p q 
= 2  a2
(p  q) 2
 | sin x  cos x | = 2a 2 =
(p 2  q 2 ) 2
18. 3 sin  + 4 cos  = 5
(p  q) 2 pq
Squaring both sides, we get = =
9 sin2  + 16 cos2  + 24 sin  cos  = 25 p q
2 2
pq

4
 Chapter 02: Trigonometric Functions
Squaring (i) and multiplying by (ii), we get b 4 a
 sin4  + cos4  +
sin  + cos4 
cos3  = a2b a b
 cos  = (a2b)1/3 ....(iii) = sin  + cos  + 2 sin2  cos2 
4 4

Squaring (ii) and multiplying by (i), we get b a

 sin4 + cos4  2 sin2 cos2  = 0
sin3 = b2a a b
2
 sin  = (b2a)1/3 ....(iv)  b 2 a 
Squaring (iii) and (iv) and adding, we get   sin   cos 2   = 0
 a b 
1 = (a2b)2/3 + (b2a)2/3
 a4/3 b2/3 + b4/3 a2/3 = 1 b 2 a
 sin  = cos 2 
 a2/3 b2/3 (a2/3 + b2/3) = 1 a b
 b sin2  = a cos2 
5. sin x + sin2 x + sin3 x = 1 sin 2  cos 2  sin 2   cos 2 
 sin x + sin3 x = 1  sin2 x  = =
a b ab
 sin x + sin3 x = cos2 x sin  cos 
2 2
1
 sin x (1 + sin2 x) = cos2 x   =
a b ab
 sin x (2  cos2 x) = cos2 x a b
 sin2  = and cos2  =
....[ sin2 = 1  cos2 ] ab a b
Only option (B) does not satisfy these values.
 sin2 x(2  cos2 x)2 = cos4 x
Hence, option (B) is incorrect.
 (1  cos2 x) (4  4 cos2 x + cos4 x) = cos4 x
2z tan 
 4  4 cos2 x + cos4 x  4 cos2 x 8. x sin  = y cos  =
1  tan 2 
+ 4 cos4 x  cos6 x = cos4 x
2z tan 
 cos6 x  4 cos4 x + 8 cos2 x = 4 Consider, x sin  =
1  tan 2 
6. Given, cot  + tan  = m sin 
2z
1 cos 
  tan  = m  1 + tan2  = m tan   x sin  =
tan  cos 2  sin 2 
cos 2 
 sec2  = m tan  ....(i)
2zsin  cos 
2
and sec   cos  = n  sec   1 = n sec   x sin  =
cos 2   sin 2 
 tan2  = n sec 
2z cos 
 tan4  = n2 sec2  x=
cos 2   sin 2 
 tan4  = n2m tan  ....[From (i)]
x(cos 2   sin 2 )
3
 tan  = n m 2 z= ....(i)
2cos 
 tan  = (n2m)1/3 ....(ii)
2z tan 
Putting (ii) in (i), we get Similarly, by solving y cos  = ,
1  tan 2 
sec2  = m(n2m)1/3 we get
Since, sec2   tan2  = 1 y (cos 2   sin 2 )
z= ....(ii)
 m(mn2)1/3  (n2m)2/3 = 1 2sin 
 m(mn2)1/3  n(nm2)1/3 = 1 y
From (i) and (ii), we get tan  =
x
sin 4  cos 4  1
7. + = zy
a b ab 2
 x sin  = x = 2 xyz
 sin 4  cos 4   2 2 2 y2 x2  y2
 (a + b)    = (sin  + cos ) 1 2
 a b  x
11
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
2 yz 1 1
 sin  = = =
x  y2
2
(1  sin )
2
cos 2 
2 xz 
Similarly, cos  =
x  y2
2 z=  cos
n 0
2n
 sin 2n 
2 2
Since, sin  + cos  = 1 = 1 + cos2  sin2  + cos4  sin4  + ….
2 2
 2 yz   2 xz  1
  2 2 
+ 2 2 
=1 =
x y  x y  (1  cos  sin 2 )
2

4z 2 ( x 2  y 2 ) 1
 =1 Now, xyz = ….(i)
( x2  y 2 )2 sin  cos  (1  cos 2  sin 2 )
2 2

 4z2(x2 + y2) = (x2  y2)2 1 1

 xy + z = 
sin  cos  1  cos  sin 2 
2 2 2
9. 3 cot A = 6 sec B = 2 10
2 1
Consider, cot A =  10 =
3 sin  cos  (1  cos 2  sin 2 )
2 2

40 = xyz ….[From (i)]

 cot2A =
9
49
 cosec2A =
9
7   
 cosec A = ....   A   
3  2 
Also, 6 sec B = 2 10
3
 cos B = 
10
 3 
 sin B =  1  cos 2 B ....  B  
 2
9 1
=  1
=
10 10
sin B 1
 tan B = =
cos B 3
7 1
 cosec A  tan B = 
3 3
=2

10. x=  cos
n 0
2n


= 1 + cos2  + cos4  + …. 
1
= ….[Since infinite G.P.]
(1  cos 2 )
1
=
sin 2 

y=  sin
n 0
2n


= 1 + sin2  + sin4  + …. 
12
 Textbook Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
Chapter No. of Compound Angles
Trigonometric Functions of
03 Compound Angles

Hints

Classical Thinking  tan 57  tan 12 = 1 + tan 57 tan 12
1. cos 105 = cos (60 + 45)  tan 57  tan 12  tan 57 tan 12 = 1
= cos 60 cos 45  sin 60 sin 45 = tan 45
1 3 cos10o  sin10o 1  tan10
= 7. =
2 2 cos10o  sin10o 1  tan10
2. tan 15 = tan (45  30) = tan (45 + 10)
1
1 ....[ tan 45 = 1]
3
= = tan 55
1
1
3 cos8  sin8 1  tan 8
 tan A  tan B  8. =
….  tan(A  B)  cos8  sin8 1  tan 8
 1  tan A tan B 
= tan (45  8) = tan 37
3 1 3 1
=  tan A  tan B
3 1 3 1 9. tan (A + B) =
=2 3 1  tan A tan B
a 1
3. cos 38 cos 8 + sin 38 sin 8 
= a  1 2a  1
= cos (38  8) = cos 30 a 1
1 
a  1 2a  1
1
4. ( 3 cos 23  sin 23) 2a 2  a  a  1
4 =
1
2a 2  2a  a  1  a
= (cos 30 cos 23  sin 30 sin 23) 2a 2  2a  1
2 =
 2a 2  2a  1
3 1
….  cos30  , sin 30   
 2 2 = 1 = tan
4
1
= cos (30 + 23) =
1
cos 53 
2 2  A+B=
4
5. tan 5A = tan (3A + 2A) 1
tan 3A  tan 2A 10. cot(A B) =
= tan (A  B)
1  tan 3A tan 2A
1  tan A tan B
=
 tan 5A  tan 5A tan 3A tan 2A tan A  tan B
= tan 3A + tan 2A 1 tan A tan B
 tan 5A  tan 3A  tan 2A = +
tan A  tan B tan A  tan B
= tan 5A tan 3A tan 2A 1 1
= 
6. tan (57  12) = tan 45 tan A  tan B cot B  cot A
tan 57  tan12 1 1
 =1 = +
1  tan 57 tan12 x y

13
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
11. Since, cos2 A  sin2 B = cos (A+B). cos (A B) 17. cos 7 + cos  = cos (8  ) + cos 
 cos2 48  sin2 12 = cos 60. cos 36 = cos (  ) + cos 
1  5 1 ….[ 8 = (given)]
=  
2  4  =  cos  + cos 
=0
5 1
= 18 Since, A + C = 180 and B + D = 180
8
 cos A + cos B = cos (180  C) + cos (180  D)
cos 2 15o =  (cos C + cos D)
1
cot 15  1 sin 2 15o
2 o
….[ cos (180  ) =  cos ]
12. =
cot 2 15o  1 cos 2 15o 19. Since, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
1
sin 2 15o  A + C = 180
cos 2 15o  sin 2 15o  A = 180  C
= = cos (30)
cos 2 15o  sin 2 15o  cos A = cos (180  C) =  cos C
[ cos2 A  sin2 B = cos (A + B) cos (A  B)]  cos A + cos C = 0 .....(i)
Also, B + D = 180
3
=  cos B + cos D = 0 ....(ii)
2 Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
13. tan (945) = tan [(945)] cos A  cos B + cos C  cos D = 0
=  tan [(2  360 + 225)] 20. sin 10 + sin 20 + sin 30 + …+ sin 180
=  tan (225) + sin (180 + 10) + sin (180 + 20) + ….
=  tan 45 + sin(180 + 180)
….[ tan (180 + ) = tan ] =0 ….[ sin (180 + ) =  sin ]
=1
21. (cos 1 + cos 179) + (cos 2 + cos 178)
 3 + …. + (cos 89 + cos 91)
14. sin sin = sin 18. sin 54
10 10 + (cos 90 + cos 180)
= sin 18. cos 36 = 1 ….[ cos (180  ) =  cos ]
….[ sin(90  ) = cos ]
 7   3 
5 1 5 1 22. sec   A  = sec  2   A
= .  2   2 
4 4
 3 
1 = sec   A 
=  2 
4
=  cosec A
15. sin 15 + cos 105
cot 54 tan 20
= sin 15 + cos (90 + 15) 23. +
= sin 15  sin 15 tan 36 cot 70
….[ cos(90 + ) =  sin ] cot (90  36) tan 20
= +
tan 36 cot (90  20)
=0
=1+1 ….[ cot (90  ) = tan ]
1 1
 =2
16. tan (A + B) = 2 3 = 1
1 1 cos(90  )sec() tan(180  )
1 . 24.
2 3 sin(360  )sec(180  ) cot(90  )
 A + B = 45 ( sin )(sec )( tan )
 2A = 90  2B =
(sin )( sec ) tan 
 cos 2A = sin 2B ….[ cos (90  ) = sin ] = –1
14
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles
25. sin2 25 + sin2 65 = sin2 25+ sin2 (90  25) 32. 1 + cos2 2A = (cos2 A + sin2 A)2
= sin2 25 + cos2 25 + (cos2 A  sin2 A)2
….[ sin(90  ) = cos ] = 2 (cos4 A + sin4 A)
=1    
33. 1  2 sin2     = cos   2 
7    4  2 
26. sin = sin     = sin
8  8 8 ….  cos 2 1  2sin 2 
5  3  3 =  sin 2
sin = sin     = sin
8  8  8 1
34. sin  cos  = (sin 2)
 3 5 7 2
 sin2 + sin2 + sin2 + sin2
8 8 8 8 Since,  1  sin 2  1
  3  1 1 1
= 2 sin 2  sin 2    ≤ (sin 2) ≤
 8 8 2 2 2
   1
= 2 sin 2  cos 2   Largest value is .
 8 8 2
 3    35. (sec 2A+ 1) sec2A
….  sin  sin     cos 
 8  2 8  8  1  tan 2 A 
=  1 (1 + tan2 A)
 1  tan A 
2
=2
27. cos 2  = 2 cos2   1 2(1  tan 2 A)
= 1  2 sin2  = = 2 sec 2A
1  tan 2 A
1  tan 2 
= 36. cosec A – 2 cot 2A cos A
1  tan 2  1 2cos A cos 2A
= 
28. sin 4 = 2 sin 2 cos 2 sin A sin 2A
= 2.2 sin cos (1  2 sin2 ) 1 2cos A cos 2A
= 4 sin (1  2 sin2 ) 1  sin 2  = 
sin A 2sin A cos A
2 tan  1  tan 2  1  cos 2A 2sin 2 A
29. tan 2 = , cos 2 = = = = 2 sin A
1  tan 2  1  tan 2  sin A sin A
2t 1  t2
 tan 2 + sec 2 = + sin 23 20o
1  t2 1  t2 37. cos 20 cos 40 cos 80 =
23 sin 20o
….[ tan  = t(given)]
sin160o
(1  t) 2 1 t =
= = 8 sin 20o
(1  t)(1  t) 1  t sin (180 20)
=
30. Given, sin A + cos A = 1 8sin 20
Squaring on both sides, we get 1
(sin A + cos A)2= 1 =
8
 1 + sin 2A = 1
 sin 2A = 0 sin   sin 2 sin   2sin  cos 
38. =
31. 2 + 2 cos 4 = 2 (1 + cos 4) 1  cos   cos 2 2cos 2   cos 
= 4 cos2 2 ….(i) sin (1  2cos )
=
 2  2  2 cos 4 = 2  2 cos 2 cos (1  2cos )
….[From (i)] = tan 
= 2 1  cos 2  39. sin3  + cos3 
= 4 cos 2   sin 2 
= (sin  + cos )  cos 2  sin 2   
= 2 cos   2 
15
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 sin 2θ  
= (sin   cos ) 2 1   1  tan 2
2  1  t2 2 = cos 
 44. =
1 + t2 2 
3  3 1  tan
 sin3  + cos3  = 1   1   2
4  8
A 3
7 5
5 7 45. Given that, tan =
=  = 2 2
2 8 16
2 A

40. Given that, cos 3 =  cos  +  cos3  1  cos A 2cos 2 A

 = = cot2
3
But, cos 3 = 4 cos   3 cos  1  cos A 2sin 2 A 2
2
  (, ) = (3, 4) 2
2 4
=  =
1 3 9
41. Given, tan A 
2
A 1  cos A
3tan A  tan 3 A sin  
 tan 3A = A 2 = 2
1  3tan 2 A 46. tan   =
2 A 1  cos A
cos  
1 1 2 2
3. 
12  1
= 2 8 = 1  cos A
1 2 =
1  3. 1  cos A
4
11  1  cos 
= 47. tan2 =
2 2 1  cos 
1 tan   tan 
42. We have, x + = 2 cos  =
x tan   tan 

1  1
3
 1  tan  
3 ….  cos  (given) 
Now, x + 3
= x  3 x   tan  
x  x  x
= (2 cos )3  3(2 cos ) sin  sin 

cos  cos 
= 8 cos3   6 cos  =
sin  sin 
= 2 (4 cos3   3 cos ) = 2 cos 3 
cos  cos 

 1  cos  sin  cos   sin  cos 

43. cos   =  =
2 2 sin  cos   sin  cos 

 3   3  sin(  )
….         =
 2 2 2 4 sin(  )

Now, cos  =  1  sin 2  Critical Thinking

 3 
….      1. cos (A + B) =  cos A cos B +  sin A sin B
 2
But, cos (A + B) = cos A cos B  sin A sin B
9 4   = 1,  =  1
=  1 = 
25 5
2. cos (A + B) = cos A cos B  sin A sin B
4
1
 5 =  1 16  12  4 144
 cos = = 1   1
2 2 10 25  13  5 169

16
 Chapter 02: Trigonometric Functions
Squaring (i) and multiplying by (ii), we get b 4 a
 sin4  + cos4  +
sin  + cos4 
cos3  = a2b a b
 cos  = (a2b)1/3 ....(iii) = sin  + cos  + 2 sin2  cos2 
4 4

Squaring (ii) and multiplying by (i), we get b a

 sin4 + cos4  2 sin2 cos2  = 0
sin3 = b2a a b
2
 sin  = (b2a)1/3 ....(iv)  b 2 a 
Squaring (iii) and (iv) and adding, we get   sin   cos 2   = 0
 a b 
1 = (a2b)2/3 + (b2a)2/3
 a4/3 b2/3 + b4/3 a2/3 = 1 b 2 a
 sin  = cos 2 
 a2/3 b2/3 (a2/3 + b2/3) = 1 a b
 b sin2  = a cos2 
5. sin x + sin2 x + sin3 x = 1 sin 2  cos 2  sin 2   cos 2 
 sin x + sin3 x = 1  sin2 x  = =
a b ab
 sin x + sin3 x = cos2 x sin  cos 
2 2
1
 sin x (1 + sin2 x) = cos2 x   =
a b ab
 sin x (2  cos2 x) = cos2 x a b
 sin2  = and cos2  =
....[ sin2 = 1  cos2 ] ab a b
Only option (B) does not satisfy these values.
 sin2 x(2  cos2 x)2 = cos4 x
Hence, option (B) is incorrect.
 (1  cos2 x) (4  4 cos2 x + cos4 x) = cos4 x
2z tan 
 4  4 cos2 x + cos4 x  4 cos2 x 8. x sin  = y cos  =
1  tan 2 
+ 4 cos4 x  cos6 x = cos4 x
2z tan 
 cos6 x  4 cos4 x + 8 cos2 x = 4 Consider, x sin  =
1  tan 2 
6. Given, cot  + tan  = m sin 
2z
1 cos 
  tan  = m  1 + tan2  = m tan   x sin  =
tan  cos 2  sin 2 
cos 2 
 sec2  = m tan  ....(i)
2zsin  cos 
2
and sec   cos  = n  sec   1 = n sec   x sin  =
cos 2   sin 2 
 tan2  = n sec 
2z cos 
 tan4  = n2 sec2  x=
cos 2   sin 2 
 tan4  = n2m tan  ....[From (i)]
x(cos 2   sin 2 )
3
 tan  = n m 2 z= ....(i)
2cos 
 tan  = (n2m)1/3 ....(ii)
2z tan 
Putting (ii) in (i), we get Similarly, by solving y cos  = ,
1  tan 2 
sec2  = m(n2m)1/3 we get
Since, sec2   tan2  = 1 y (cos 2   sin 2 )
z= ....(ii)
 m(mn2)1/3  (n2m)2/3 = 1 2sin 
 m(mn2)1/3  n(nm2)1/3 = 1 y
From (i) and (ii), we get tan  =
x
sin 4  cos 4  1
7. + = zy
a b ab 2
 x sin  = x = 2 xyz
 sin 4  cos 4   2 2 2 y2 x2  y2
 (a + b)    = (sin  + cos ) 1 2
 a b  x
11
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

tan 20o  tan 40o 16. cos 105 + sin 105

11. tan (20 + 40) =
1  tan 20o tan 40o = cos (90 + 15) + sin (90 + 15)
tan 20  tan 40 = cos 15  sin 15
 3=
1  tan 20 tan 40 = cos (45  30)  sin (45  30)
 3  3 tan 20 tan 40 = tan 20 + tan 40 3 1 3 1
= 
  tan 20 + tan 40 + 3 tan 20tan 40 = 3 2 2 2 2
2
 6    =
12. tan     tan 2 2
 15 15  3 1
6  =
tan  tan  2
 15 15 = tan
6  3 17. tan 81  tan 63  tan 27 + tan 9
1  tan tan
15 15 = {tan (90  9) + tan 9}
6  6   {tan (90  27) + tan 27}
 tan  tan = 3 + 3 tan tan
15 15 15 15 = (cot 9 + tan 9)  (cot 27 + tan 27)
6  6  = 2 cosec 18  2 cosec 54
 tan  tan  3 tan tan = 3
15 15 15 15 ….[ tan  + cot  = 2 cosec 2]
2 2 
 tan  tan π  3 tan tan = 3 2 2
5 15 5 15 = 
sin18 sin 54
tan A  tan B
13. 2 tan (A  B) = 2  
 2 2
 1  tan A tan B  = 
sin18 cos36
 2 tan B  cot B  tan B  2 4 2 4
= 2  = 
1  (2 tan B  cot B) tan B  5 1 5 1
…. [ tan A = 2 tan B + cot B]  
 tan B  cot B   5  1  5  1
=2  =8  
 
 2
 2 (1  tan B) 
2
 5  12 

cot B(tan B  1)
2
=4
=
1  tan 2 B
18. +=
= cot B
=
14. sin  + sin  + sin   sin( +  + )  tan  = tan (  )
= sin  + sin  + sin   sin  cos  cos  tan α  tan β
 cos  sin  cos   cos  cos  sin   tan  =
1  tan α tan β
+ sin  sin  sin 
= sin (1  cos  cos ) + sin (1  cos  cos ) tan α  tan β
 tan  =
+ sin  (1  cos  cos ) + sin  sin  sin  > 0 1  tan α cot α
 sin  + sin  + sin  > sin ( +  + )  π π 
sin(     )
….  α  β  ,  β   α 
 1  2 2 
sin   sin   sin 
1
 tan  = (tan   tan )
1 1 2
15. 
tan 3A  tan A cot 3A  cot A  tan  = tan  + 2 tan 
1 tan A tan 3A
= +    3 
tan 3A  tan A tan 3A  tan A 19. tan     tan    
1 1 4   4 
= = = cot 2A
tan 3A  tan A tan 2A     
= tan     tan       
1  tan 3A.tan A 4  2 4 
18
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles

        
= tan       cot      23. cos 2      sin 2    
4   4  4   4
      
….  tan       cot    cos        cos       
 2   4 4 4 4
=1
 
tan100o  tan125o = cos (  ) cos        
20. tan(100 + 125) = 2 
1  tan100o tan125o
= cos (  ) sin ( + )
tan 100o  tan 125o
 tan 225 =
1  tan100o tan125o   5
24. cos2 + cos2 +cos2
tan100  tan 125
o o
12 4 12
1=
1  tan 100o tan 125o = cos 15 + cos 45 + cos2 75
2 2

= cos2 15 + cos2 75 + cos2 45

….[ tan (180 + 45) = tan 45 = 1] 2
2  1 
2
 tan 100 + tan 125 + tan 100 tan 125 = 1 = cos 15 + sin 15 +  
 2
cot A cot B
21. . ….[ cos2  = sin2 (90  )]
1  cot A 1  cot B
1
1 =1+
= 2
(1  tan A) (1  tan B)
3
1 =
= 2
tan A  tan B  1  tan A tan B
1 1  t 2 24
= 25. cos 2 = = (Let t = tan )
1  tan A tan B  1  tan A tan B 1  t 2 25
  tan(A  B)  tan 225  2T 3
….  sin 2 = = (Let T = tan )
 1 T 2
5
 tan A  tan B  1  tan A tan B 
1 4
=  cos 2 =
2 5
Now, sin 4 = 2 sin 2 cos 2
22. Given expression
3 4
 sin(660 ) tan(1050 ) sec(420 ) = 2. .
= 5 5
cos(180  45 )cosec(360  45 ) cos(360  150 )


24
=
 sin(7  90  30 ) tan(3  360  30 ) sec(360  60 ) 25
=
(  cos 45 )(  cosec 45 ) cos150 = cos 2
cos(30 )(  tan 30 )sec 60 1 x 1
= 26. Given that, cos  =
(  cos 45 )(cosec45 )( cos30 )  
2  x
cos30o tan 30o sec 60o 1
= x+ = 2 cos 
cos 45o cosec45o cos30o x
2
1 1 x 1
2 Now, x2 + =  2
3 x2  x
=
1 = (2 cos )2  2
 2
2
= 4 cos2   2 = 2 cos 2
2 1  x 2  1  = 1  2 cos 2 = cos 2
=   
3 2  x2  2

19
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 2p 2p
27. sin x + cos x =  cos 2 =  1  2 sin2  = 2
5 p 1
2
p 1
Squaring both sides
 p  1
2
2 2p
1  2 sin  = 1  2  2 sin2  = 2
1 + sin 2x = p 1 p 1
25
 p  1
2
24  sin2  =
 sin 2x =
25 2  p 2  1
2 tan x 24
 = 1 1
1  tan x2
25 31. Given, tan  = , sin  =
2 7 10
 24 tan x + 50 tan x + 24 = 0
 12 tan2 x + 25 tan x + 12 = 0 1 7 3
 sin  = , cos  = , cos  =
 (3 tan x + 4) (4 tan x + 3) = 0 50 50 10
4 3  9 4
 tan x = or  cos 2 = 2 cos2   1 = 2    1 =
3 4  10  5
1  1  3  3
28. cos x + sin x = sin 2 = 2 sin  cos  = 2   =
2  10   10  5
1  cos( + 2) = cos  cos 2  sin  sin 2
 (cos x + sin x)2 =
4 7 4 1 3 28 3
1 = .   = 
 1 + sin 2x = 50 5 50 5 5 50 5 50
4
25 1
3 = =
 sin 2x =  5 50 2
4
2 tan x 3   + 2 = 45
 = 
1  tan x
2
4 32. cos (  ) = cos [ +   ( + )]
 3 tan2 x + 8 tan x + 3 = 0 = cos ( + ) cos ( + )
4  7 + sin ( + ) sin ( + )
 tan x =
3 = 1 a2 1  b 2 + ab
    1  tan  1  tan  Now, cos 2 (  )  4ab cos (  )
29. tan      tan     = 
4  4  1  tan  1  tan  = 2 cos2 (  )  1  4ab cos (  )
4 tan 
 
2
= =2 1  a 2 1  b 2  ab
1  tan 2 

= 2
 2 tan  

 1  tan  
2
 4ab  
1  a 2 1  b 2  ab  1

= 2 tan 2 = 2{(1  a2)(1  b2) + a2b2

+ 2ab 1  a 2 1  b2 }
30. sec 2 = p + tan 2
 sec 2  tan 2 = p ....(i)  4ab ( 1  a 2 1  b2 + ab)  1
1 = 2 (1  b2  a2 + a2 b2) + 2a2 b2  4a2 b2  1
 sec 2 + tan 2 = ....(ii)
p = 2 (1  a2  b2)  1
....[ sec2 2  tan2 2 = 1] = 1  2a2  2b2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 33. tan2  = 2 tan2  + 1
1  1 + tan2  = 2 (1 + tan2 )
2 sec 2 = p +
p  sec2  = 2 sec2 
20
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles
 cos2  = 2 cos2  x x x x
37. 8 sin cos cos cos
 cos2  = 1 + cos 2 8 2 4 8
 sin2  + cos 2 = 0  x x x x
2 2 = 4  2sin cos  cos cos
….[ sin  + cos  = 1]  8 8 2 4

34. tan   cot  = a and sin  + cos  = b

 x x x
= 4  sin cos cos 
 4 2 4
 (b2  1)2 (a2 + 4)
= {(sin  + cos )2  1}2{(tan   cot )2 + 4} ….[ 2 sin A cos A = sin 2A]
= (1 + sin 2  1)2(tan 2  + cot2   2 + 4)
 x x x x x
= sin2 2 (cosec2  + sec2 ) = 2  2sin cos  cos = 2 sin cos
 4 4 2 2 2
 1 1 
= 4 sin2  cos2     = sin x
 sin  cos  
2 2

=4 38. x = cos 10 cos 20 cos 40

1
35. Squaring and adding the given expressions, = (2 sin 10 cos 10 cos 20 cos 40)
2 sin 10o
we get
x2 + y2 = 1 + 1 + 2 cos (2A  A) 1
= (2 sin 20 cos 20 cos 40)
2.2 sin 10o
x2 + y 2  2
 = cos A …..(i) 1
2 = (2 sin 40 cos 40)
2.4sin10o
Also, cos A + 2 cos2 A 1 = y
1
 (cos A + 1)(2 cos A  1) = y = (sin 80)
8sin10o
Putting the value of cos A from (i), we get
1 1
(x2 + y2) (x2 + y2  3) = 2y = (cos 10) = cot 10
8 sin 10o 8
36. y  z = a(cos2 x  sin2 x) + 4b sin x cos x
39. Since,
 c(cos2 x  sin2 x)
sin 2n θ
= (a  c) cos 2x + 2b sin 2x cos  cos 2 cos 22  ….cos 2n – 1  =
2n sin θ
 1  tan 2 x   2 tan x  sin(  )
= (a  c)    2b   =
 1  tan x   1  tan x 
2 2
2n sin 
1  4b 2 / (a  c)2   π 
= (a  c)  2     n (given)  2n    
1  4b / (a  c) 
2
…. 2 +1
 
  2n   
 2.2b / (a  c) 
+ 2b  2  1
1  4b / (a  c) 
2
=
2n
 2b 
....  tan x= (given) 
 a c    3 π 
π 2π 4π  sin  2 . 7  
(a  c){(a  c) 2  4b 2 }  8b 2 (a  c) 40. cos cos cos =   
= 7 7 7  23 sin  π  
(a  c) 2  4b 2   
7

(a  c) (a  c) 2  4b 2  8π
 yz= =ac sin
(a  c)  4b
2 2
= 7
π
8 sin
y≠z ....[ a ≠ c] 7
y + z = a(cos2 x + sin2 x) + c(sin2 x + cos2 x) 1  8   
=– ….  sin  sin       sin 
=a+c 8  7  7 7

21
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
24 π 2 2
π 2π 4π 8π sin = =
41. cos cos cos cos = 5 b2 1  tan 2 x
5 5 5 5 24 sin π 1
5
a2
16π 2 2 cos x
sin = =
5 sin x2
cos 2 x
= 1
π cos 2 x
16sin
5
 π 45. tan (60 + A) tan (60  A)
sin  3π + 
= 
5 sin 2 60  sin 2 A
π =
16sin cos 2 60  sin 2 A
5
π 3  1  cos 2A 
sin  
5 =– 1 =
4  2  = 3  2  2 cos 2A
=
π 16 1  1  cos 2A  1  2  2 cos 2A
16sin  
5 4  2 

1 3 cos10  3 sin10 2cos 2 A  1

42.  = =
sin10 cos10 sin10 cos10 2cos 2A  1

 1 3  46. sin4  + cos4  = (sin2  + cos2 )2

2  cos10  sin10
2 2   2 sin2  cos2 
= 
sin10 cos10 1
= 1  (sin 2)2
2 sin  30  10  2
= =4 2
1 Since, 0  sin 2  1
 sin 20 
2 1 1
 0   sin2 2  
43. tan A < 1 and A is acute. 2 2
1 1
π π  1 + 0  1  sin2 2  1 
  < A <  cos A > sin A 2 2
4 4
1
 1  sin4  + cos4  
1  sin 2A  1  sin 2A 2

1  sin 2A  1  sin 2A 47. 2 sin2 x  cos 2 x = 4 sin2 x  1
and 0  sin2 x  1  0  4 sin2 x  4
 cos A  sin A    cos A  sin A 
2 2

=   1  4 sin2 x  1  3
 cos A  sin A    cos A  sin A 
2 2
48. 3 sin 2 = 2 sin 3
 6 sin  cos  = 2 (3 sin   4 sin3 )
cos A  sin A  cos A  sin A
= Dividing by 2 sin   0, we get
cos A  sin A  cos A  sin A
3 cos  = 3  4 sin2 
 cos A  sin A    cos A  sin A   3 cos  = 3  4 ( 1  cos2 )
= = cot A  4 cos2   3 cos   1 = 0
 cos A  sin A    cos A  sin A 
1
 cos  = 1, 
b
4
44. Given that, tan x  But, 0 <  < 
a
1
b b  cos  = 
1 1 4
ab ab a  a
  =
ab ab b b 1 15
1 1  sin  = 1  =
a a 16 4
22
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles
49. sin 2A = sin 3A  
 2 sin A cos A = 3 sin A  4 sin3 A  tan2   = 4 + 4 tan2  
2 2
 sin A = 0 or 2 cos A = 3  4 sin2 A
  1
 A = 0 or 2 cos A = 3  4 (1  cos2 A)  9 tan2   = 1  tan   =
2 2 3
 A = 0 or 4 cos2 A  2 cos A  1 = 0
2  4  16 1 5 A
 A = 0 or cos A = = 53. For A = 133, = 66.5
2
2 4 4
A A
 A = 0 or 36 ….[ 0 ≤ A ≤ 90]  sin  cos  0
2 2
A A
   2  1  sin A  sin  cos ....(i)
50. tan  + tan     + tan   =3 2 2
 3  3 
A A
 tan   3 tan   3  and 1  sin A  sin  cos ....(ii)
 tan  +    = 3 2 2
 1  3 tan  1  3 tan   Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
8 tan  A
 tan  + =3 2cos  1  sin A  1  sin A
1  3tan 2  2

9 tan   3tan 3  3 4
 =3 54. Given, cos    sin  =
1  3tan 2  5 5
 3 tan 3 = 3 4 3
and cos    sin  =
 tan 3 = 1 5 5
 cos (  ) = cos  cos  + sin  sin 
4 3 4 4 3 24
51. sin  =  = . + . =
5 5 5 5 5 25
16 3  24
cos  = 1  = But, 2 cos 2   = 1 + cos ( ) = 1 +
25 5  2  25
3      49  7
 cos  = ….[  lies in the 3rd quadrant]  cos2  =  cos  =
5  2  50  2  5 2
 1  cos  55. (cos  + cos )2 + (sin  + sin )2
Since, cos =
2 2 = cos2  + cos2  + 2 cos  cos  + sin2 
1 3 / 5 1 + sin2  + 2 sin  sin 
=± =  
2 5 = 2{1 + cos (  )} = 4 cos2  
  2 
1   
 cos = ….  liesin the 2nd quadrant 
2 5  2   sin 2A  cos A 
56.   
 1  cos 2A  1  cos A 
5
52. Given that, sec  =  2sin A cos A   cos A 
4 =  
 2 cos A   1  cos A 
2


1  tan 2   sin A
2 =
Since, sec  = 1  cos A

1  tan 2   A A
2 2sin cos
= 2 2
 A
1  tan 2   2 cos 2
5 2 2
 
4  A
1  tan 2   = tan
2 2
23
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
A A A θ
 2sin
1  y 1  tan 2
2
2sin cos
1  sin A  cos A 2 2 2
57. =  =
1  sin A  cos A 2 cos 2 A  2sin A cos A 1  y 1  tan θ
2 2 2 2
A A A θ
2 sin  sin  cos   y = tan
2 2 2 2
=
A A A
2 cos  cos  sin 
2 2 2 60. tan A and tan B are the roots of the equation
A x2  ax + b = 0.
= tan  tan A + tan B = a and tan A tan B = b
2
tan A  sec A  1 sin A  1  cos A a
58. =  tan (A + B) =
tan A  sec A  1 sin A  1  cos A 1 b
sin A  (1  cos A) 1
= Now, sin2 (A + B) = {1  cos 2 (A + B)}
sin A  (1  cos A) 2
A A A 1  1  tan 2  A  B  
2sin cos  2sin 2  sin2 (A + B) = 1  
= 2 2 2 2  1  tan 2  A  B  
A A A
2sin cos  2sin 2
2 2 2  a2 
 1  
1  b
2
A A 1  
cos  sin 2
 sin (A + B) = 1  
= 2 2 2  a2
A A 1 
cos  sin  1  b  
2
2 2  
2
 A A 1  2a 2 
 cos  sin   sin2 (A + B) =  2 2 
= 
2 2
2 A 2 A
2  a  1  b  
cos  sin
2 2 a2

1  sin A a 2  1  b 
2
=
cos A

y 1 1  sin  Competitive Thinking

59. =
1 y 1 sin     
1. cos   x   cos   x 
  
2 4  4 
y 1  cos  sin  
 2 2
 = = cos cos x
1 y   
2
4
 cos  sin    
 2 2
 sin sin x + cos cos x + sin sin x
  4 4 4
1 y cos  sin
 = 2 2 
= 2 cos cos x
1 y   4
cos  sin
2 2 2
= cos x = 2 cos x
  2
1  y cos 2  sin 2
 =  
1  y cos   sin   
2. 2 sin     = cos    
2 2  3  6
 π θ π   
 0  θ  2  0  2  4   2  sin   cos  cos   sin 
….    3 3
 θ θ
 cos  sin   
 2 2  = cos . cos + sin . sin
6 6
24
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles

 sin  3  3 1 4 3
 2   cos   = cos  + sin  7. Given, cos( + ) =  tan( + ) =
2 2 5 4
 2 2 
5 5
 sin  + 3 cos  = 0 and sin(  ) =  tan(  ) =
13 12
tan  =  3 Now, tan 2 = tan[( + ) + (  )]
 1 1  3 5
3. cos 15  sin 15 = 2 cos15  sin15   56
 2 2  = 4 12 =
= 2 cos (45 + 15)
3 5 33
1 .
= 2 cos 60
4 12
1 1 3
= 2. = 8. Given, cos (A B) =
2 2 5
12  5 cos A cos B + 5 sin A sin B = 3 ....(i)
4. We have, sin  =
13 Also, tan A tan B = 2
 sin A sin B = 2 cos A cos B ....(ii)
 cos  = 1  sin 2 
From (i) and (ii), we get
2
 12  5   1 2
= 1   = ….  0     cos A cos B  and sin A sin B =
 13  13  2 5 5
3
and cos  = 9. sin  = 3 sin( + 2)
5
 sin( +   ) = 3 sin( +  + )
9 4  3 
 sin  = 1  = ….        sin( + ) cos   cos ( + ) sin 
25 5  2
= 3 sin( + ) cos  + 3 cos( + ) sin 
 sin ( + ) = sin . cos  + cos . sin 
 2 sin( + ) cos  = 4 cos( + ) sin 
 12   3   5    4 
=   +      sin(  ) 2sin 
 13   5   13   5   =
cos( ) cos 
36 20 56
=  =  tan( + ) + 2 tan  = 0
65 65 65
15 n sin  cos 
5. sin  = 10. tan  =
17 1 n sin 2 
8    n tan 
 cos  =  ….       tan  =
17  2  sec   n tan 2 
2

12 n tan 
tan  = =
5 1  tan 2   n tan 2 
12 5 tan   tan 
 sin  = and cos  = Now, tan ( ) =
13 13 1 tan  tan 
 3  n tan 
….   tan  
 2 1 tan 2   n tan 2 
=
171  n tan  
 sin (  ) = sin  cos   cos  sin  = 1 tan   
 1 tan   n tan  
2 2
221

6. 2A = (A + B) + (A  B) tan   tan 3   n tan 3   n tan 

=
tan(A  B)  tan(A  B) 1  tan 2   n tan 2   n tan 2 
 tan 2A =
1  tan(A  B) tan(A  B) tan  1  tan 2    n tan  1  tan 2  
=
=
pq 1  tan 
2

1  pq = (1  n)(tan )
25
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 1
11. We have, A  B = 15. We have, sin  =
4 5
 2
 tan (A  B) = tan  1  2
4  cos  = 1   =
 5 5
tan A  tan B
 =1 3
1  tan A tan B and sin  =
5
 tan A  tan B  tan A tan B = 1
2
 tan A  tan B  tan A tan B + 1 = 2 3 4
 cos  = 1    =
 (1 + tan A) (1  tan B) = 2 5 5
y=2  sin ( – ) = sin  cos  – cos  sin 
 (y + 1)y + 1 = (2 + 1)2 + 1 = (3)3 = 27 3 2 4 1 2
=  –  =
5 5 5 5 5 5

12. Since, cos   = 0 = 0.1789
2
 1
       Now, sin = = 0.7071
 cos           = 0 4 2
 4   4   Since, 0 < 0.1789 < 0.7071
    
 cos     cos      sin 0 < sin ( – ) < sin
4  4  4
    
 sin     sin    = 0  0 < ( – ) <
4  4  4
        16. tan 1 = k cot 2
 cos     cos     = sin     sin    
4
  4   4  4   tan 1
 =k
    cot 2
 cot     cot     = 1
4  4  tan 1  cot 2 k  1
 
1 1 tan 1  cot 2 k  1
13. Let  =  + , where tan  = , tan  =
2 3 sin 1 sin 2  cos 1 cos 2 k  1
 
1 1 sin 1 sin 2  cos 1 cos 2 k  1

 cos 1 cos 2  sin 1 sin 2 k  1
 tan  = tan( + ) = 2 3 = 1   =  
1 1 4 cos 1 cos 2  sin 1 sin 2 1  k
1 .
2 3
cos (1  2 ) k  1
 
1 48 cos (1  2 ) 1  k
14. cos P =  sin P =
7 7 cos (1  2 ) 1  k
 
13 27 cos (1  2 ) 1  k
cos Q =  sin Q =
14 14
 cos (P  Q) = cos P cos Q + sin P sin Q cos 17o  sin 17o 1  tan 17o
17. =
cos 17o  sin 17o 1  tan 17 o
1 13 48 27
= . + .
7 14 7 14 tan 45o  tan 17o
=
13  36 1 1  tan 45o tan 17o
= = = cos 60
98 2 = tan(45 + 17)
 P  Q = 60 = tan 62
26
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 sin 2θ  
= (sin   cos ) 2 1   1  tan 2
2  1  t2 2 = cos 
 44. =
1 + t2 2 
3  3 1  tan
 sin3  + cos3  = 1   1   2
4  8
A 3
7 5
5 7 45. Given that, tan =
=  = 2 2
2 8 16
2 A

40. Given that, cos 3 =  cos  +  cos3  1  cos A 2cos 2 A

 = = cot2
3
But, cos 3 = 4 cos   3 cos  1  cos A 2sin 2 A 2
2
  (, ) = (3, 4) 2
2 4
=  =
1 3 9
41. Given, tan A 
2
A 1  cos A
3tan A  tan 3 A sin  
 tan 3A = A 2 = 2
1  3tan 2 A 46. tan   =
2 A 1  cos A
cos  
1 1 2 2
3. 
12  1
= 2 8 = 1  cos A
1 2 =
1  3. 1  cos A
4
11  1  cos 
= 47. tan2 =
2 2 1  cos 
1 tan   tan 
42. We have, x + = 2 cos  =
x tan   tan 

1  1
3
 1  tan  
3 ….  cos  (given) 
Now, x + 3
= x  3 x   tan  
x  x  x
= (2 cos )3  3(2 cos ) sin  sin 

cos  cos 
= 8 cos3   6 cos  =
sin  sin 
= 2 (4 cos3   3 cos ) = 2 cos 3 
cos  cos 

 1  cos  sin  cos   sin  cos 

43. cos   =  =
2 2 sin  cos   sin  cos 

 3   3  sin(  )
….         =
 2 2 2 4 sin(  )

Now, cos  =  1  sin 2  Critical Thinking

 3 
….      1. cos (A + B) =  cos A cos B +  sin A sin B
 2
But, cos (A + B) = cos A cos B  sin A sin B
9 4   = 1,  =  1
=  1 = 
25 5
2. cos (A + B) = cos A cos B  sin A sin B
4
1
 5 =  1 16  12  4 144
 cos = = 1   1
2 2 10 25  13  5 169

16
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
27. cot (45 + ) cot (45  ) 32. sin ( + ) sin (  ) cosec2
= tan (90  45  ) cot (45  ) 1
=  sin  sin 
….[ tan (90  ) = cot ] sin 2 
= tan (45  ) cot (45  ) = 1 = –1

28. tan 75  cot 75 33. Given that, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
= tan (90  15)  cot 75 So, A + C = 180  A = 180 C
= cot 15 cot 75  cos A = cos(180  C) =  cos C
 cos A + cos C = 0 .....(i)
= (2 + 3 )  (2  3 )
Similarly, cos B + cos D = 0 ....(ii)
=2 3 Adding, (i) and (ii), we get
cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0
tan 70o  tan 20o
29. tan 50= tan (70  20) =
1  tan 70o tan 20o 34. cos (270+) cos (90)  sin(270) cos 
 tan 50 + tan 70 tan 20 tan 50 = sin . sin  + cos  . cos  = 1
= tan 70  tan 20 35. cos A + sin (270 + A)  sin (270  A)
 tan 50 + tan 50 = tan 70  tan 20 + cos(180 + A)
….[ tan 70 = cot 20] = cos A  cos A + cos A  cosA = 0
 2 tan 50 + tan 20 = tan 70 36. tan A + cot (180 + A) + cot (90 + A)
30. sec 50 + tan 50 + cot(360  A)
1 = tan A + cot A  tan A  cot A = 0
= o
 tan 50o
cos50 37. sin 1o + sin 2o + … + sin 359o
cos 20o = (sin 1o + sin 359o) + (sin 2o + sin 358o) + …
=  tan 50o
cos 20o cos50o + (sin 179o + sin 181o) + sin 180o
sin 70o = (sin 1o  sin 1o) + (sin 2o  sin 2o) + …
= o o
 tan 50o + (sin 179o  sin 179o) + sin 180o
cos 20 cos50
=0
….[ cos  = sin (90  )]
38. sin 600 cos 330 + cos 120 sin 150
sin  50o  20o 
=  tan 50o
=  sin 60 cos 30  sin 30 cos 60
cos 20o cos50o
= {sin(60 + 30)}
sin 50 cos 20  cos50 sin 20
=  tan 50 =1
cos 20 cos50
sin 50 cos 20 cos 50 sin 20 39. Let f(x) = 2 sin 3x + 3 cos 3x
=   tan 50
cos 20 cos 50 cos 20 cos 50
 5   5   5 
= tan 50 + tan 20 + tan 50  f   = 2sin    3cos  
 6   2   2 
= 2 tan 50 + tan 20
   
31. 2 sec 2 = tan  + cot  = 2 sin  2    3cos  2  
 2  2
2 sin  cos 
 = +  
cos 2 cos  sin  = 2 sin + 3 cos = 2(1) + 3(0) = 2
2 2
sin 2   cos2  1
= =
cos  sin  cos .sin  1  tan 2 cot 62 1  tan 2 cot 62
40. =
  tan152  cot 88 tan (90  62)  cot (90  2)
 cos 2 = sin 2  cos 2 = cos   2 
 2  1  tan 2 cot 62 tan 62 tan 2
= =
   cot 62 tan 2 (1  tan 2 tan 62)
 2 =  2  2 + 2 =
2 2 = tan(62  2)

+= =  tan 60 =  3
4
28
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles

cos12o  sin12o sin 147o 1  cos(2  15)

41. + 46. cos15 =
cos 12o  sin 12o cos 147o 2
1  tan 12o 1  cos30
= + tan 147 =
1  tan 12o 2
= tan(45  12) + tan(180  33) 3 1
= tan 33  tan 33 = 0 47. sin 15 = sin (45  30) = = irrational
2 2
tan160  tan110 3 1
42. cos 15 = cos (45 – 30) = =irrational
1  (tan160) (tan 110) 2 2
tan (180  160)  cot (90  110) sin 15 cos 15 =
1
(2 sin 15 cos 15)
=
1   tan(180  160) cot (90  110)  2
1 1 1
 tan 20  cot 20 = sin 30 = .
= 2 2 2
1  ( tan 20)(  cot 20)
1
1 = = rational
  4
=  sin 15 cos 75 = sin 15 sin 15
11 = sin2 15
1  2  3 1 
2
=
2 =  
 2 2 
43. sin2 17.5 + sin2 72.5
42 3
= sin2 17.5 + [sin (90  17.5)]2 = = irrational
8
= sin2 17.5 + cos2 17.5
= 1 = tan2 45 1
48. (3  4cos 2 cos 4)
8
  3  
44. 3 sin 4      sin 4 (3  )  1
  2   = (3  4cos 2  2cos 2 2  1)
8
    1
 2 sin 6      sin 6 (5  ) 
 2   = (2cos 2 2  4cos 2  2)
8
4 4 6 6
= 3{(– cos ) + (–sin ) }–2(cos  + sin ) 1
= 3(1 – 2 sin2  cos2) – 2(1– 3 sin2  cos2 ) = (cos 2 2  2cos 2 1)
4
= 3 – 6 sin2  cos2  – 2 + 6 sin2  cos2 
=3–2=1 1
= (cos 2 1)2
4
45. sin2 5 + sin2 10 + sin2 15 +…+ sin2 85 1
+ sin2 90 = (2sin 2 )2 ....[ cos 2 = 1  2 sin2 ]
2 4
Since, sin 90 = 1 or sin 90 = 1
1 1 1
Similarly, sin 45 = or sin2 45 = and = (4 sin4 ) = sin4 
2 4
2
the angles are in A.P. of 18 terms. 1  sin 2 x
Also, sin2 85= [sin(90  5)]2 = cos2 5 49. sec 2x  tan 2x =
cos 2 x
Therefore from the complementary rule, we
(cos x  sin x ) 2
have sin2 5 + sin2 85 = sin2 5 + cos2 5 = 1 =
 sin2 5+sin2 10+sin2 15+…+sin2 85+sin2 90 (cos 2 x  sin 2 x)
1 cos x  sin x
= (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) + 1 + =
2 cos x  sin x
1 1  tan x
= 9 =
2 1  tan x
29
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 1
tan  tan x  tan x =
= 4 2
 1
1  tan   tan x 1
4 1  tan 2 x 3
Now, cos 2x = = 4=
1  tan x 1  1 5
2
 
= tan   x  4
4 
54. 8 cos 2 + 8 sec 2 = 65
3 1  8 cos2 2 + 8 = 65 cos 2
50. 3 cosec 20  sec 20 = 
sin 20 cos 20  8 cos2 2  65 cos 2 + 8 = 0
3 cos 20  sin 20  (cos 2  8) ( 8 cos 2  1) = 0
=
sin 20 cos 20 Since, cos 2 [1, 1]
 3 1  1
2  cos 20  sin 20  cos 2 =
2 2 8
=  
2 Now, 4 cos 4 = 4(2 cos2 2  1)
sin 20 cos 20
2   1 2  31
4cos(20  30) 4cos50 = 4  2    1 = 
= =   8   8
sin 40 sin 40
4sin 40 55. 5 (tan2 x  cos2 x) = 2 cos 2x + 9
=
sin 40 Put cos2 x = t
=4  1 t 
 5  t  = 2 (2t  1) + 9
 t 
51. tan(1o) + tan (89o)
 5 (1  t  t2) = 4t2  2t + 9t
= tan 1o + cot 1o ….[ tan (90o  ) = cot ]
 9t2 + 12t  5 = 0
tan 2 1o  1  9t2 + 15t  3t  5 = 0
=
tan1o  3t (3t + 5)  1 (3t + 5) = 0
sec2 1o 1 2  (3t + 5) (3t  1) = 0
= = o o
= 1 5
tan1 o
sin1 cos1 sin 2o t= or t =
3 3
1 But t cannot be negative
52. cot 2 + tan  = + tan  1
tan 2  t=
1  tan 2  3
= + tan  1
2 tan   cos2 x =
1 tan 2  1 3
= =  cos 2x = 2 cos2 x  1
2 tan  sin 2
= cosec 2 2 1
= 1 =
2x x kx 3 3
Now, cot + tan = cosec  cos 4x = 2 cos2 2x  1
3 3 3 2
2x kx  1 
 cosec = cosec =2   1
3 3  3 
k=2 7
=
9
   
53. 2 sin2   cos2 x  = 1  cos ( sin 2x) 1
 2   56. x  2cos 
x
     sin 2x  Squaring on both sides, we get
 2 sin2   cos2 x  = 2 sin2 
 2    2  1
x2 + 2 + 2 = 4 cos2 
 cos2x = sin 2x  cos2x = 2 sin x cos x x

30
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles

        
= tan       cot      23. cos 2      sin 2    
4   4  4   4
      
….  tan       cot    cos        cos       
 2   4 4 4 4
=1
 
tan100o  tan125o = cos (  ) cos        
20. tan(100 + 125) = 2 
1  tan100o tan125o
= cos (  ) sin ( + )
tan 100o  tan 125o
 tan 225 =
1  tan100o tan125o   5
24. cos2 + cos2 +cos2
tan100  tan 125
o o
12 4 12
1=
1  tan 100o tan 125o = cos 15 + cos 45 + cos2 75
2 2

= cos2 15 + cos2 75 + cos2 45

….[ tan (180 + 45) = tan 45 = 1] 2
2  1 
2
 tan 100 + tan 125 + tan 100 tan 125 = 1 = cos 15 + sin 15 +  
 2
cot A cot B
21. . ….[ cos2  = sin2 (90  )]
1  cot A 1  cot B
1
1 =1+
= 2
(1  tan A) (1  tan B)
3
1 =
= 2
tan A  tan B  1  tan A tan B
1 1  t 2 24
= 25. cos 2 = = (Let t = tan )
1  tan A tan B  1  tan A tan B 1  t 2 25
  tan(A  B)  tan 225  2T 3
….  sin 2 = = (Let T = tan )
 1 T 2
5
 tan A  tan B  1  tan A tan B 
1 4
=  cos 2 =
2 5
Now, sin 4 = 2 sin 2 cos 2
22. Given expression
3 4
 sin(660 ) tan(1050 ) sec(420 ) = 2. .
= 5 5
cos(180  45 )cosec(360  45 ) cos(360  150 )


24
=
 sin(7  90  30 ) tan(3  360  30 ) sec(360  60 ) 25
=
(  cos 45 )(  cosec 45 ) cos150 = cos 2
cos(30 )(  tan 30 )sec 60 1 x 1
= 26. Given that, cos  =
(  cos 45 )(cosec45 )( cos30 )  
2  x
cos30o tan 30o sec 60o 1
= x+ = 2 cos 
cos 45o cosec45o cos30o x
2
1 1 x 1
2 Now, x2 + =  2
3 x2  x
=
1 = (2 cos )2  2
 2
2
= 4 cos2   2 = 2 cos 2
2 1  x 2  1  = 1  2 cos 2 = cos 2
=   
3 2  x2  2

19
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
π 3π 5π 7π 68. cos  cos 2  cos 22  cos 23 … cos 2n – 1 
65. sin4 + sin4 + sin4 + sin4
8 8 8 8 2n sin α cos α cos 2α cos 22 α...cos 2n 1 α
=
1  2 2
 2n sin α
2 π  2 3π 
sin 2(2n 1  )
=  2 sin   + 2 sin  
4  8  8  
=
2n sin 
1  2 π
2
 2 3π 
2

+  2 sin   + 2 sin   (using 2 sin  cos  = sin 2 again and again)
4  8  8   sin 2n 
= n
1  2
π  3π  
2 2 sin 
= 1  cos  + 1  cos  
4  4  4   2π 4π 8π 16π
69. cos cos cos cos
 15 15 15 15
3π  
2 2
1 π 
+ 1  cos  + 1  cos   2π 32π
4  4  4   sin 24 sin
= 15 = 15
1  2
1   1  
2
2π 2π
1  24 sin 16sin
=
4  + 1+   15 15
 2  2  
 2  2π
 sin  2   sin
1 
2 2
1 1    15  15 = 1
+ 1   + 1+   = =
4  2  2   2 2π 16
16sin 16sin
15 15
1 1 3
= (3) + (3) =
4 4 2 π 5π 7π
70. k = sin sin sin
66. 4
3(sin x  cos x) + 6(sin x + cos x) 2 18 18 18
+ 4(sin6 x + cos6 x) π π   π 5π   π 7π 
= cos    cos    cos   
= 3(sin x + cos x  2 sin x cos x)2 + 6 (sin2 x
2 2
 2 18   2 18   2 18 
+ cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x) + 4(sin6 x + cos6 x) π
= 3(1  sin 2x)2 + 6(1 + sin 2x) sin 23
π 2π 4π 9
+ 4(1  3 sin2 x cos2 x) = cos cos cos =
9 9 9 3 π
2
= 3 + 3 sin 2x  6 sin 2x + 6 + 6 sin 2x 2 sin
9
+ 4  3 sin2 2x
2 2 8π sin  π  π 
= 9 + 4 + 3 sin 2x  3 sin 2x = 13 sin  
9 =  9 1
1 = =
67. sin 2 + sin 2 = …..(i) π π 8
8 sin 8sin
2 9 9
3
and cos 2 + cos 2 = …..(ii) π 3π 5π 7π 9π 11π 13π
2 71. sin sin sin sin sin sin sin
14 14 14 14 14 14 14
Squaring and adding (i) and (ii), we get
(sin2 2 + cos2 2) + (sin2 2 + cos2 2) π 3π 5π
= sin sin sin 1
1 9 14 14 14
+ 2 (sin 2 sin 2 + cos 2 cos 2) = + 5 3 
4 4  sin     sin     sin    
 14   14   14 
1
 cos 2 cos 2 + sin 2 sin 2 = 2
4  π 3π 5π 
=  sin sin sin 
1  14 14 14 
 cos (2  2) =
4 2
 6π 4π 2π 
1 =  cos cos cos 
 2 cos2 ( – ) – 1 =  14 14 14 
4
5  π  
 cos2 (  ) = ….  sin      cos  
8  2  

32
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles

 π 2π 3π 
2
2t 1  t2
=  cos cos cos  sin 2B = , cos 2B =
 7 7 7  1 t2 1  t2
2  2t 
 π 2π 4π   
=   cos cos cos  sin 2B  1 t2  2t
 7 7 7   = =
5  cos 2B  1 t 2  4  6t 2
 4π 
5 2
3π  4π  1 t 
….  cos  cos       cos 
 7  7  7  3t
t

2 2 t 2
2 π
3
 8π  = =
 sin  1 
sin  2  3t 2 3t 2
=  7 7 1
π
 =   2
 23 sin  64  sin π 
 7  = tan (A  B)
  7 
1  8π   π 3cos 2  1
= ….  sin  sin      sin  77. cos 2 =
64  7  7 7 3  cos 2

 31    By componendo  dividendo, we get

72. sin    = sin 10  
 3   3 cos 2 1 3cos 2 1  3  cos 2
=
 cos 2  1 3cos 2 1  (3  cos 2)
= sin
3
3 2cos 2  2  2cos 2
=  
2 2sin 2  4cos 2  4

73. Since, tan  + 2 tan 2  + 22 tan 22  + ....  cos 2  1  cos 2 2cos 2 

 = =
+ 2n tan 2n +2n+1 cot 2n+1  = cot   n  N sin 2  2(cos 2 1) 4sin 2 

Here,  = sin 2  2sin 2 
5  =  tan2  = 2 tan2 
cos 
2
cos 
2
 2 4 
 tan + 2 tan + 4cot = cot
5 5 5 5  tan  = 2 tan
cot x  tan x cos 2 x  sin 2 x sin 2 x
74. =  78. Since, cos 3 = 4 cos3   3 cos 
cot 2 x sin x cos x cos 2 x
1 1 
3
1  1 
2cos 2 x sin 2 x  cos 3 = 4  3  a     3   a   
=  =2 2 a
sin 2 x cos 2 x     2
  a 

sec8A  1 1  cos8A cos 4A 1 1  1

2

75. = .  cos 3 =  a    a    3
sec 4A  1 cos8A 1  cos 4A 2 a  a 
2sin 2 4A cos 4A 1  3 1
= 
cos8A 2sin 2 2A  cos 3 = a  3 
2  a 
2sin 4A cos 4A sin 4A
= 
cos8A 2sin 2 2A 79. cos3 + cos3 (120 – ) + cos3(120 + )
2sin 2A cos 2A 3
= tan 8A = cos(3)
2sin 2 2A 4
tan 8A  cos310 + cos3110 + cos3130
=
tan 2A = cos3(10) + cos3(120 – 10)
+ cos3(120 + 10)
76. 2 tan A = 3 tan B
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
 tan A  tan B  t [Let tan B = t] = cos(3 × 10) = × =
2 2 4 4 2 8
33
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
80. sin 6 = 2 sin 3 cos 3 4 2P
 =
= 2(3 sin   4 sin3 )(4 cos3   3 cos ) 3 1  P2
= 24 sin  cos  (sin2  + cos2 )  18 sin cos  4P2  6P  4 = 0
 32 sin3  cos3  1
P= or P = 2
= 6 sin  cos   32 sin  cos3  sin2  2
= 3 sin 2  32 sin  cos3  (1  cos2 ) 1
P= is not possible
= 32 cos5  sin   32 cos3  sin  + 3 sin 2 2
Given, sin 6=32cos5 sin 32cos3 sin +3x A
 P = 2  tan =2
 On comparing, we get x = sin 2 2

 x 1
     84. Given, sin =
81. tan    + tan    2 2x
 4 2  4 2
    x 1
1  tan 1  tan  cos = 1  sin 2 =
2 2 2 2 2x
= 
   x 1
1  tan 1  tan and tan =
2 2 2 x 1
2 2
    
1  tan    1  tan  2 tan
2  2
=  Since, tan  = 2
2  
1  tan 1  tan 2
2 2
 2    tan  = x 2  1
 1  tan 2 
= 2 
 1  tan 2   2 tan
x
 2 85. sin x = 2
2 x
= 1  tan 2
cos  2
= 2 sec  2y   x 
= ....  Let y  tan   
3 1 y 2   2 
82. Given, tan x =
4
x 1
4  3   tan = cosec x  sin x =  sin x
 cos x =  ....   x   2 sin x
5  2
x 1  y2 2y
Since, 1 + cos x = 2 cos2 y= 
2 2y 1 y 2
4 x x 1  2y2 (1 + y2) = 1 + y4 + 2y2  4y2
 1 = 2 cos2  cos2 =
5 2 2 10  1  y4  4y2 = 0  y4 + 4y2  1 = 0
x 1  3  x 3 
 cos =  ....   x      4  16  4 4  20
2 10  2 2 2 4  y2 = =
2 2
4
83. sin A   x
5  tan2   = 2  5
4 2
 tan A   ….[ 90 < A < 180]
3  x
But, tan2   ≠ 2  5
A 2
2 tan
Now, tan A = 2 (Let tan A = P)
A 2  x
1  tan 2  tan2   =  2 + 5
2 2
34
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
24 π 2 2
π 2π 4π 8π sin = =
41. cos cos cos cos = 5 b2 1  tan 2 x
5 5 5 5 24 sin π 1
5
a2
16π 2 2 cos x
sin = =
5 sin x2
cos 2 x
= 1
π cos 2 x
16sin
5
 π 45. tan (60 + A) tan (60  A)
sin  3π + 
= 
5 sin 2 60  sin 2 A
π =
16sin cos 2 60  sin 2 A
5
π 3  1  cos 2A 
sin  
5 =– 1 =
4  2  = 3  2  2 cos 2A
=
π 16 1  1  cos 2A  1  2  2 cos 2A
16sin  
5 4  2 

1 3 cos10  3 sin10 2cos 2 A  1

42.  = =
sin10 cos10 sin10 cos10 2cos 2A  1

 1 3  46. sin4  + cos4  = (sin2  + cos2 )2

2  cos10  sin10
2 2   2 sin2  cos2 
= 
sin10 cos10 1
= 1  (sin 2)2
2 sin  30  10  2
= =4 2
1 Since, 0  sin 2  1
 sin 20 
2 1 1
 0   sin2 2  
43. tan A < 1 and A is acute. 2 2
1 1
π π  1 + 0  1  sin2 2  1 
  < A <  cos A > sin A 2 2
4 4
1
 1  sin4  + cos4  
1  sin 2A  1  sin 2A 2

1  sin 2A  1  sin 2A 47. 2 sin2 x  cos 2 x = 4 sin2 x  1
and 0  sin2 x  1  0  4 sin2 x  4
 cos A  sin A    cos A  sin A 
2 2

=   1  4 sin2 x  1  3
 cos A  sin A    cos A  sin A 
2 2
48. 3 sin 2 = 2 sin 3
 6 sin  cos  = 2 (3 sin   4 sin3 )
cos A  sin A  cos A  sin A
= Dividing by 2 sin   0, we get
cos A  sin A  cos A  sin A
3 cos  = 3  4 sin2 
 cos A  sin A    cos A  sin A   3 cos  = 3  4 ( 1  cos2 )
= = cot A  4 cos2   3 cos   1 = 0
 cos A  sin A    cos A  sin A 
1
 cos  = 1, 
b
4
44. Given that, tan x  But, 0 <  < 
a
1
b b  cos  = 
1 1 4
ab ab a  a
  =
ab ab b b 1 15
1 1  sin  = 1  =
a a 16 4
22
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
    p   q
 1 1  1  tan 2    =  cot 2    =
92. Since, sin  22   2  2 = cos  67 
 2 2  2  4 2 q  4 2 p
 1 1

 1
   q
and cos  22   2  2 = sin  cot    
 67   4 2 p
 2 2  2
  1 

 1 

2  sin   cos 
  1  cos  22   1  cos  67  95.
  2     2   sin   cos 
   1 1 
  1   1  2  2 sin   cos  
1  cos 112   1  cos 157   =  2 2 
  2     2    1 1 
2 sin   cos  
  2 2 
 1   1 
 

= 1 cos  22   1  cos  67    

  2     2   2  2 cos    
=  4
  1 

 1 

 
2 sin    
 1  sin  22   1  sin  67    4
  2     2  
2 1  cos   
….[ cos (90 + ) =  sin ] = , where    
2 sin  4
 1  1 
= 1  2  2  1  2 2 
 2  2  2sin 2  
= 2
 1   1   
1  2 2  2  1  2 2  2  2sin   cos  
    2 2
 1  1      
= 1  (2  2)  1  (2  2)  = tan  tan    ….      
 4  4  2 2 8  4
(4  2  2)(4  2  2) 
= 96. Putting  =  = in the given expression,
16 4
(2  2)(2  2) 4  2 1 we get
=  
16 16 8     
cos 2    4 cos   sin   sin  
B 2 2 4 4
2sin 2  
93. tan A =
1  cos B
= 2 = tan
B 
+ 2sin2   = 0
sin B  B B 2 4
2sin   cos  
2 2 
 tan 2A = tan B Put  =  = in option (A), then
4
pq 1 pq 
94. Given, cosec  =  = cos 2 = cos = 0
pq sin  pq 2
By componendo  dividendo, we get Hence, option (A) is the correct answer.
1  sin  pqpq 97. Given that sin  + sin  = a …..(i)
=
1  sin  pqpq and cos  + cos  = b …..(ii)
2 Squaring (i) and (ii) and adding, we get
   2 + 2 (sin  sin  + cos  cos ) = a2 + b2
 cos 2  sin 2  p
   = 2 cos (  ) = a2 + b2  2
 cos   sin   q a 2  b2  2
 2 2  cos (  ) =
2
2 2
      2 
1  tan 2  p  tan 4  tan 2  p 1  tan
2 = a b 2
2 2
   =    = 
1  tan   q 1 tan  tan   q
1  tan 2
 2
 2  4 2  2
36
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles
  
(a2 + b2) + (a2 + b2) tan2 2 100. fn() =  tan  (1 + sec )(1 + sec 2)
2  2
 
 2tan2 = 2  2tan2 (1 + sec 4)…. (1 + sec 2n )
2 2
4  a 2  b2     1  cos  
 = tan2 =  tan    (1+ sec 2)
a b
2 2
2  2  cos  
 4  a 2  b2 (1 + sec 4)…. (1 + sec 2n )
tan  =
 2  a 2  b2   2 
 sin 2  2cos 2
  =   (1+ sec 2)
Trick : Putting  = = , we get tan =0,
4 2  cos   cos 
which is given by option (B).  2

1  sin 2 (1 + sec 4)…. (1 + sec 2n )

98. sin 
 3  (1 + sec 2)(1 + sec 4)....(1 + sec 2n )
cos  2  2  tan     =
cos 
 4 
1    3    ….[ sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A]
 sin 2  cot  cot    
4  2  2 2   1  cos 2  n
1 2sin  cos  = tan    (1 + sec 4)….(1+ sec 2 )
=  cos 2 
 tan  1 
cos 2   sin   2cos 2  
 1 tan   = 
n
 (1 + sec 4)….(1+ sec 2 )
cos   cos 2 
 2  2  
1  cos 2  sin 2  = tan 2 (1 + sec 4)….(1 + sec 2n )
  2sin  cos    
4  sin  cos   = tan 2n 
 2 2 
  
 cos   sin  
2
 f2   = tan  22   = 1
=  16   16 
 cos   sin  
cos 2      
 cos   sin   f3   = tan  23   = 1
 32   32 
1  cos  
  2sin  cos    2     
4  sin   f4   = tan  24   = 1
 64   64 
= 1  cos2 = sin2
    5  
99.
1
When cos 4 = , then 2 cos2 2  1 =
1 f5   = tan  2   =1
 128   128 
3 3
4 2  option (D) is incorrect.
 2 cos2 2 =  cos2 2 =
3 3 
 n!  1! 2! sin 5! 
      101.  sin  720  =  sin 720  sin 720  ....  720 

2    0, 4    4 , 2  ,  n 1
    
 cos 2 =  ....  
n!
3      
 2  0,    ,   
 +  sin 720
n 6
  2   2 
1 2         
 f   = f (cos 4) = = sin   + sin   + sin   + sin  
 3 2  sec2  6  30   120   360 
2cos 2  1  cos 2   
= = + sin  
2cos   1
2
cos 2  720 
1 3  2  
n! 
 f   =1±
3 2
….  cos 2  
 3
 .... 

 sin 720  0
n 6

37
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

Evaluation Test
 2   4  Again, squaring on both sides, we get
1. xcos  = y cos     = z cos     = k(say)
 3   3  1
x 2  2  2  4cos 2 2
k  2  k x
 cos  = , cos    =
x  3  y 1
 x 2  2  4cos 2 2  2
 4  k x
and cos     = 1
 3  z  x2 + 2 = 2 (2 cos2 2  1)
x
k k k
 + + 1
x y z  x 2  2  2cos 4 ....(i)
x
 2   4  Cubing on both sides, we get
= cos  + cos     + cos    
 3   3   2 1 
3

 x  2   (2 cos 4)
3
        x 
= cos + cos         + cos        
 3   3  1 1  1 
 x 6  6  3 x 2  2  x 2  2   8cos 3 4
    x x  x 
= cos  – cos     – cos    
3  3  1
 x 6  6  3(2cos 4)  8cos3 4
     x
= cos  –  cos      cos     
 3  3  ….[From (i)]
 1
= cos  – 2 cos cos   x 6  6  8cos 3 4  6 cos 4
3 x
1 = 2(4cos3 4 3 cos 4)
= cos   2  cos  = 2 cos 3(4)
2
k k k ….[ cos 3A = 4 cos3 A  3 cos A]
 + + =0
x y z = 2cos 12
1 1 1 4. cos3  + cos3( + 120) + cos3( – 120)
   0
x y z cos3  3cos 
=
2. tan 70  tan 20  2 tan 40 4
= (cot 20  tan 20)  2 tan 40 cos  3  360   3cos    120 
+
....[ tan 70 = tan(90  20) = cot 20] 4
= 2 cot 40  2 tan 40 cos  3  360   3cos    120 
+
....[ cot   tan  = 2 cot 2] 4
= 2(cot 40  tan 40)  cos3A  4cos3 A  3cos A, 
....  
= 2(2 cot 80) = 4 cot 80  cos3 A  cos3A  3cos A 
= 4 cot(90  10) = 4 tan 10  4 
1 cos3 3cos  cos3 3cos( 120)
3. Given, x   2cos  =   
x 4 4 4 4
Squaring on both sides, we get cos3 3cos ( 120)
 
1 4 4
x   2  4cos 2 
x 3 3
1 = cos 3 + {cos ( + 120)
 x   4cos 2   2 4 4
x + cos ( – 120) + cos }
1 3 3
 x  = 2 (2cos2   1) = 2cos 2 = cos 3 + {2 cos  cos 120 + cos }
x 4 4
38
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles

 sin  3  3 1 4 3
 2   cos   = cos  + sin  7. Given, cos( + ) =  tan( + ) =
2 2 5 4
 2 2 
5 5
 sin  + 3 cos  = 0 and sin(  ) =  tan(  ) =
13 12
tan  =  3 Now, tan 2 = tan[( + ) + (  )]
 1 1  3 5
3. cos 15  sin 15 = 2 cos15  sin15   56
 2 2  = 4 12 =
= 2 cos (45 + 15)
3 5 33
1 .
= 2 cos 60
4 12
1 1 3
= 2. = 8. Given, cos (A B) =
2 2 5
12  5 cos A cos B + 5 sin A sin B = 3 ....(i)
4. We have, sin  =
13 Also, tan A tan B = 2
 sin A sin B = 2 cos A cos B ....(ii)
 cos  = 1  sin 2 
From (i) and (ii), we get
2
 12  5   1 2
= 1   = ….  0     cos A cos B  and sin A sin B =
 13  13  2 5 5
3
and cos  = 9. sin  = 3 sin( + 2)
5
 sin( +   ) = 3 sin( +  + )
9 4  3 
 sin  = 1  = ….        sin( + ) cos   cos ( + ) sin 
25 5  2
= 3 sin( + ) cos  + 3 cos( + ) sin 
 sin ( + ) = sin . cos  + cos . sin 
 2 sin( + ) cos  = 4 cos( + ) sin 
 12   3   5    4 
=   +      sin(  ) 2sin 
 13   5   13   5   =
cos( ) cos 
36 20 56
=  =  tan( + ) + 2 tan  = 0
65 65 65
15 n sin  cos 
5. sin  = 10. tan  =
17 1 n sin 2 
8    n tan 
 cos  =  ….       tan  =
17  2  sec   n tan 2 
2

12 n tan 
tan  = =
5 1  tan 2   n tan 2 
12 5 tan   tan 
 sin  = and cos  = Now, tan ( ) =
13 13 1 tan  tan 
 3  n tan 
….   tan  
 2 1 tan 2   n tan 2 
=
171  n tan  
 sin (  ) = sin  cos   cos  sin  = 1 tan   
 1 tan   n tan  
2 2
221

6. 2A = (A + B) + (A  B) tan   tan 3   n tan 3   n tan 

=
tan(A  B)  tan(A  B) 1  tan 2   n tan 2   n tan 2 
 tan 2A =
1  tan(A  B) tan(A  B) tan  1  tan 2    n tan  1  tan 2  
=
=
pq 1  tan 
2

1  pq = (1  n)(tan )
25
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

     1170  
 2  2 cos2  = 2
 tan A = tan   2B 
 2  (65) 2 
   3 130 
  A = – 2B
cos   = 2
 2  130

     3   A + 2B =
….     2
 2 2 2
3 sin 4 A cos 4 A 1
= 11.  
130 a b ab
(1  cos 2A) 2 (1  cos 2A) 2 1
tan   tan    
9. tan (  )  4a 4b ab
1  tan  tan 
 b(a + b) (1  2 cos 2A + cos2 2A)
1 1 + a(a + b) (1 + 2 cos 2A + cos2 2A) = 4ab

1 1  2 x 1
1 x  {b(a + b) + a(a + b)} cos2 2A
 tan (  )  2 + 2(a + b) (a  b) cos 2A
 
 1  1  + a(a + b) + b(a + b)  4ab = 0
1   x 1   (a + b)2 cos2 2A + 2(a + b) (a  b) cos 2A
 1  1x   1  2  + (a  b)2 = 0
 2 
 {(a + b) cos 2A + (a  b)}2 = 0
2 x  2.2 x  x  2 x  1
 tan (  )  ba
1  2 x  2.2 x  2.2 x  x  2 x  cos 2A = ....(i)
ba
 tan ( + ) = 1
sin 8 A cos8 A (1  cos 2A) 4 (1  cos 2A) 4
    
 tan ( + ) = tan a3 b3 16a 3 16b3
4 4 4
1  ba  1  ba 
 = 3 
1   1  
+= 16a  b  a  16b3  b  a 
4
....[From (i)]
3sin A 2cos B 16a 4
16b 4
10. We have, = = 
sin B cos A 16a (b  a) 16b3 (b  a) 4
3 4

3sin A 2cos Bsin B 1 1

 = = (a  b) 
cos A cos 2 A (b  a) 4
(a  b)3
sin 2B
 tan A = 12. sin ( cos ) = cos ( sin )
3cos 2 A
sin 2B cos 2B  
 tan A =   sin( cos ) = sin    sin  
3cos 2B cos 2 A 2 
tan 2B    
 tan A = (2 cos2 B – 1) ….  cos   sin     
3cos 2 A  2 

tan 2B   cos  = +  sin 
 tan A = (4 – 3cos2 A – 1) 2
3cos 2 A
1
….[ 2 cos2 B = 4 – 3 cos2 A (given)]  cos  – sin  = ....(i)
2
sin 2 A    
 tan A = tan 2B  cos     = cos  cos – sin  sin
cos 2 A  4 4 4
….[ 1  cos2 A = sin2 A] 1
= (cos  – sin )
 tan A = tan 2B tan2 A 2
 tan A tan 2B = 1 1
= ….[From (i)]
 tan A = cot 2B 2 2

40
 Textbook
Chapter No.

04 Factorization Formulae
Hints

Classical Thinking
7. {sin ( +  – ) + sin ( +  – )} +
1. cos 5 – sin 25 = sin (90  5)  sin 25 {sin ( +  – ) – sin ( +  + )}
= sin 85 – sin 25
= 2 sin  cos (  ) + 2 sin ( ) cos ( + )
= 2 cos 55 sin 30
= 2 sin  [cos ( )  cos ( + )]
= cos 55
= 2 sin  . 2 sin  sin 
2. cos 57 + sin 27 = cos 57 + cos (90  27) = 4 sin  sin  sin 
= cos 57 + cos 63
= 2 cos 60 cos 3 sin 3x  sin x 2 cos 2 x sin x
8. =
= cos 3 cos 2 x cos 2 x
= 2 sin x
3. cos 18 – sin 18 = cos 18 – cos 72
sin 5 x + sin 3x 2sin 4 x cos x
= 2 sin 45 sin 27 9. =
= 2 sin 27 cos 5 x + cos 3x 2cos 4 x cos x
= tan 4x
 3π   3π 
4. cos  + x  – cos   x  cos 7A + cos 5A 2 cos 6A cos A
 4   4  10. =
sin 7A  sin 5A 2 cos 6Asin A
 3π 3π   3π 3π 
 4 +x+ 4 x  4 x 4 x = cot A
= 2 sin    sin  
 2   2  sin 70  cos 40 sin 70o + sin 50o
11. =
    cos 70  sin 40 cos 70o + cos 50o
 3π  2 sin 60o cos 10o
= 2 sin   sin(– x) =
 4  2 cos 60o cos10o
  = tan 60
= – 2 sin    sin x = 3
2 4
π π 
= – 2 cos   sin x sin 3A  cos   A 
4 12.  2  = sin 3A  sin A
cos A + cos(π + 3A) cos A  cos3A
= – 2 sin x
2 cos 2A sin A
=
5. (sin 50  sin 70) + sin 10 2sin 2A sin A
= 2 cos 60 sin (10) + sin 10 = cot 2A
1 sin 3  sin 5  sin 7  sin 9
= – 2. sin 10 + sin 10 13.
2 cos3  cos5  cos 7  cos9
=0 (sin 3  sin 9)  (sin 5  sin 7)
=
6. cos 52 + cos 68 + cos 172 (cos3  cos9)  (cos5  cos 7)
= (cos 52 + cos 172) + cos 68 2sin 6 cos3  2sin 6 cos 
=
= 2 cos 112 cos 60 + cos 68 2cos 6 cos3  2cos 6 cos 
= cos 112 + cos 68 2sin 6θ (cos3θ + cosθ)
=
= 2 cos 90 cos 22 2cos 6θ (cos3θ + cosθ)
=0 = tan 6
41
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles

cos12o  sin12o sin 147o 1  cos(2  15)

41. + 46. cos15 =
cos 12o  sin 12o cos 147o 2
1  tan 12o 1  cos30
= + tan 147 =
1  tan 12o 2
= tan(45  12) + tan(180  33) 3 1
= tan 33  tan 33 = 0 47. sin 15 = sin (45  30) = = irrational
2 2
tan160  tan110 3 1
42. cos 15 = cos (45 – 30) = =irrational
1  (tan160) (tan 110) 2 2
tan (180  160)  cot (90  110) sin 15 cos 15 =
1
(2 sin 15 cos 15)
=
1   tan(180  160) cot (90  110)  2
1 1 1
 tan 20  cot 20 = sin 30 = .
= 2 2 2
1  ( tan 20)(  cot 20)
1
1 = = rational
  4
=  sin 15 cos 75 = sin 15 sin 15
11 = sin2 15
1  2  3 1 
2
=
2 =  
 2 2 
43. sin2 17.5 + sin2 72.5
42 3
= sin2 17.5 + [sin (90  17.5)]2 = = irrational
8
= sin2 17.5 + cos2 17.5
= 1 = tan2 45 1
48. (3  4cos 2 cos 4)
8
  3  
44. 3 sin 4      sin 4 (3  )  1
  2   = (3  4cos 2  2cos 2 2  1)
8
    1
 2 sin 6      sin 6 (5  ) 
 2   = (2cos 2 2  4cos 2  2)
8
4 4 6 6
= 3{(– cos ) + (–sin ) }–2(cos  + sin ) 1
= 3(1 – 2 sin2  cos2) – 2(1– 3 sin2  cos2 ) = (cos 2 2  2cos 2 1)
4
= 3 – 6 sin2  cos2  – 2 + 6 sin2  cos2 
=3–2=1 1
= (cos 2 1)2
4
45. sin2 5 + sin2 10 + sin2 15 +…+ sin2 85 1
+ sin2 90 = (2sin 2 )2 ....[ cos 2 = 1  2 sin2 ]
2 4
Since, sin 90 = 1 or sin 90 = 1
1 1 1
Similarly, sin 45 = or sin2 45 = and = (4 sin4 ) = sin4 
2 4
2
the angles are in A.P. of 18 terms. 1  sin 2 x
Also, sin2 85= [sin(90  5)]2 = cos2 5 49. sec 2x  tan 2x =
cos 2 x
Therefore from the complementary rule, we
(cos x  sin x ) 2
have sin2 5 + sin2 85 = sin2 5 + cos2 5 = 1 =
 sin2 5+sin2 10+sin2 15+…+sin2 85+sin2 90 (cos 2 x  sin 2 x)
1 cos x  sin x
= (1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) + 1 + =
2 cos x  sin x
1 1  tan x
= 9 =
2 1  tan x
29
 Chapter 04: Factorization Formulae
25. sin2  + sin2   sin2  cos 70o + 2 sin 140o
=
= sin2  + sin ( – ) sin ( + ) sin 70o
= sin2  + sin ( – ) sin ( – ) cos (90o  20o ) + 2 sin(180o  40o )
= sin  [sin  + sin ( – )] =
sin 70o
= sin  [ sin ( + ) + sin (  )]
sin 20o + sin 40o + sin 40o
= 2 sin  sin  cos  =
sin 70o
26. cos2 A + cos2 B – cos2 C
2 sin 30o cos 10o + sin 40o
1 1 =
= (1 + cos 2A) + (1 + cos 2B) sin 70o
2 2
cos10o  sin 40o
1 =
– (1 + cos 2C) sin 70o
2
1 1 sin 80o + sin 40o
= + (cos 2A + cos 2B – cos 2C) =
2 2 sin 70o
1 1 2sin 60o cos 20o
= + (1 – 4 sin A sin B cos C) =
2 2 sin 70o
= 1 – 2 sin A sin B cos C
= 3
27. tan (A + B) = tan(180 – C)
3. cos 10x + cos 8x + 3 cos 4x + 3 cos 2x
tan A + tan B
 = – tan C = (cos 10 x + cos 8 x) + 3 (cos 4 x + cos 2 x)
1  tan A tan B
 tan A + tan B = – tan C (1 – tan A tan B) = 2 cos 9x cos x + 6 cos 3x cos x
 tan A + tan B = – tan C + tan A tan B tan C = 2 cos x (cos 9x + 3 cos 3x)
 tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C = 2 cos x [cos (3(3x)) + 3 cos 3x]
= 2 cos x (4 cos3 3x – 3 cos 3x + 3 cos 3x)
28. cos A = cos B cos C
= 8 cos3 3x cos x
 cos ( – B – C) = cos B cos C
 – cos (B + C) = cos B cos C 4. 1 + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x
 – cos B cos C + sin B sin C = cos B cos C = (1 + cos 6x) + (cos 2x + cos 4x)
 2 cos B cos C = sin B sin C = 2 cos2 3x + 2 cos 3x cos x
1 = 2 cos 3x (cos 3x + cos x)
 cot B cot C = = 4 cos x cos 2x cos 3x
2
cos 6 x  6 cos 4 x  15cos 2 x  10
5.
Critical Thinking cos 5 x  5cos 3 x  10 cos x
(cos 6 x + cos 4 x ) + 5(cos 4 x + cos 2 x) +10(cos 2 x +1)
1. cos 12 + cos 84 + cos 156 + cos 132 =
cos5 x + 5cos3 x +10cosx
= (cos 12 + cos 132) + (cos 84 + cos 156)
= 2 cos 72 cos 60 + 2 cos 120 cos 36 2cos x cos5x  10cos x cos3x  10(2 cos 2 x  1+1)
=
1 1 cos 5 x + 5cos 3 x +10 cosx
= 2 cos 72   2   cos36 2cos x(cos5 x  5cos3x  10cos x)
2 2 =
= cos 72  cos 36 cos5 x  5cos3x  10cos x
5 1 5 1 = 2 cos x
= 
4 4 6. sin  + sin 3 + sin 2 = sin 
1  2 sin 2 cos  + sin 2 = sin 
=
2  sin 2 (2 cos  + 1) = sin  …..(i)
2. cot 70 + 4 cos 70 Also, cos  + cos 3 + cos 2 = cos 
cos 70o  4sin 70o cos 70o 2 cos 2 cos  + cos 2 = cos 
=
sin 70o cos 2 (2 cos  + 1) = cos  …..(ii)
43
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
From (i) and (ii), we get cos (A + B) + cos (A  B)
tan 2 = tan  cos (A  B)  cos (A  B)
 sin (C + D) + sin (C  D)
 =
  sin (C  D)  sin (C  D)
2
2 cos A cos B 2 sin C cos D
 =
7. cos x + cos y + cos  = 0 2sin A sin B 2 cos C sin D
 cos x + cos y = – cos   – cot A cot B = tan C cot D
 x y  x y  tan A tan B tan C + tan D = 0
 2 cos   cos   = – cos  ....(i)
 2   2 
Also, sin x + sin y + sin  = 0 sin 2 A  sin 2 B
11.
 sin x + sin y = – sin  sin A cos A  sin B cos B
 x y  x y 2 sin (A + B)sin (A  B)
 2 sin   cos   = – sin  ....(ii) =
 2   2  sin 2A  sin 2B
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get ….[ sin2A  sin2B = sin (A + B) sin (A  B)]
 x y  x y
2cos   cos   2 sin (A + B)sin (A  B)
 2   2  = cos  =
2cos(A  B)sin(A  B)
 x y  x  y  sin 
2sin   cos   = tan (A + B)
 2   2 
 x y 12. Since, cos  + cos ( + ) + cos ( + 2 )
 cot   = cot 
 2  + …… + cos { + (n  1) }
 β   nβ 
8. (cos A + cos B)2 + (sin A  sin B)2 cos α   n  1  sin  
 2  2 
2 =
  A+B  A  B  β
=  2 cos   cos   sin
  2   2  2
2  2
  A + B   A  B  Here,  = and  =
+  2cos   sin   11 11
  2   2 
π 3π 5π 7π 9π
 A  B  2  A B  cos + cos + cos + cos + cos
2  A  B  11 11 11 11 11
= 4 cos2   cos  2   sin  2  
 2        π 4π   5π 
cos    sin  
 A B  11 11   11 
= 4 cos2   =
 2  π
sin  
 11 
9. cos2  + cos2 ( + 120) + cos2 (  120)
5π 5π
= cos2  + {cos ( + 120) + cos (  120)}2 cos sin
= 11 11
 2 cos ( + 120) cos (  120) π
sin
= cos  + {2 cos  cos 120}2
2
11
 2 {cos2   sin2 120} 10π
sin
= cos2  + cos2   2 cos2  + 2 sin2 120 1 11
= ….[ 2 sin  cos  = sin 2]
= 2 sin2 120 2 sin π
11
3 3
=2 = 1
4 2 =
2
cos (A + B) sin (C + D)
10. = 5A A
cos (A  B) sin (C  D) 13. 2 sin sin = cos 2 A – cos 3 A
2 2
By componendo and dividendo, we get = 2 cos2 A – 1 – 4 cos3 A + 3 cos A
44
 Chapter 04: Factorization Formulae

 9  27  3 sin 70o sin 20o

=2   –1–4   +3   tan 70  tan 20
o o 
 16   64  4 17. = cos 70o cos 20o
tan 50o sin 50o
 3
....  cos A   cos50o
 4 sin 70o cos 20o  cos 70o sin 20o
9 27 9 = cos 70o cos 20o
= –1– +
8 16 4 sin 50o
cos 50o
11
=
= sin(70o  20 )cos
o o
50o
16 o o
cos 70 cos 20 sin 50
π 3π 5π 7π 2sin 50o cos50o
14. sin sin sin sin =
16 16 16 16 2cos 70o cos 20o sin 50o
1   3 5 7  2cos50o
=
=
4  2sin 16 sin 16 .2sin 16 sin 16  cos90o  cos50o
 
2cos50o
1  π π  π 3π   = =2
=  cos  cos  cos  cos   0  cos50o
4  8 4  8 4 
18. tan 20 + 2 tan 50  tan 70
1  π 1  π 1 
=  cos   cos +  sin 20o sin 70o
4  8 2  8 2  = – + 2 tan 50
cos 20o cos 70o
1  2 π 1   sin 20o cos 70o  cos 20o sin 70o
=
4  cos 8  2   =
cos 20o cos 70o
+ 2 tan 50
 
sin(20o  70o )
1  2 π  1 π = + 2 tan50
=
8  2 cos 8  1 = 8 cos 4  1
[cos(70 + 20 ) + cos(70  20 )]
o o o o
   
2
1 1 2 2sin(50o )
= × = = + 2 tan 50
8 2 16 cos90o  cos50o
2 sin 50o
15. sin 20 sin 40 sin 60 sin 80 = + 2 tan 50
0 + cos 50o
3
= sin 20 sin (60  20) sin (60 + 20) =  2 tan 50 + 2 tan 50
2 =0
3 1
= . sin 60 19. cosec 48 + cosec 84 + cosec 192 + cosec384
2 4
1 1 1 1
 1  = + + +
....  sin  sin(60  )sin(60  )  sin 3  sin 48 o
sin 84 o
sin12 o
sin 24o
 4 
 1 1   1 1 
3 3 = o
 o 
+ o
 o 
= .  sin 48 sin 12   sin 84 sin 24 
8 2
3 (sin 48o  sin12o ) (sin 84o + sin 24o )
= =– +
16 sin 48o sin12o sin 84o sin 24o
2 cos 30o sin 18o
16. tan 20 tan 40 tan 60 tan 80 =–
1
(cos 36o  cos 60o )
= tan 20 tan (60 – 20). 3 . tan(60 + 20) 2
= 3 tan 20. tan (60  20) . tan (60 + 20) 2 sin 54o cos 30o
+
= 3 tan 3(20) 1
(cos 60o  cos 108o )
….[ tan tan(60  ) tan(60 + ) = tan3] 2
4cos30 sin18 4sin 54 cos30
= 3. 3=3 = 
cos 60  cos36 cos 60  sin18
45
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
π 3π 5π 7π 68. cos  cos 2  cos 22  cos 23 … cos 2n – 1 
65. sin4 + sin4 + sin4 + sin4
8 8 8 8 2n sin α cos α cos 2α cos 22 α...cos 2n 1 α
=
1  2 2
 2n sin α
2 π  2 3π 
sin 2(2n 1  )
=  2 sin   + 2 sin  
4  8  8  
=
2n sin 
1  2 π
2
 2 3π 
2

+  2 sin   + 2 sin   (using 2 sin  cos  = sin 2 again and again)
4  8  8   sin 2n 
= n
1  2
π  3π  
2 2 sin 
= 1  cos  + 1  cos  
4  4  4   2π 4π 8π 16π
69. cos cos cos cos
 15 15 15 15
3π  
2 2
1 π 
+ 1  cos  + 1  cos   2π 32π
4  4  4   sin 24 sin
= 15 = 15
1  2
1   1  
2
2π 2π
1  24 sin 16sin
=
4  + 1+   15 15
 2  2  
 2  2π
 sin  2   sin
1 
2 2
1 1    15  15 = 1
+ 1   + 1+   = =
4  2  2   2 2π 16
16sin 16sin
15 15
1 1 3
= (3) + (3) =
4 4 2 π 5π 7π
70. k = sin sin sin
66. 4
3(sin x  cos x) + 6(sin x + cos x) 2 18 18 18
+ 4(sin6 x + cos6 x) π π   π 5π   π 7π 
= cos    cos    cos   
= 3(sin x + cos x  2 sin x cos x)2 + 6 (sin2 x
2 2
 2 18   2 18   2 18 
+ cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x) + 4(sin6 x + cos6 x) π
= 3(1  sin 2x)2 + 6(1 + sin 2x) sin 23
π 2π 4π 9
+ 4(1  3 sin2 x cos2 x) = cos cos cos =
9 9 9 3 π
2
= 3 + 3 sin 2x  6 sin 2x + 6 + 6 sin 2x 2 sin
9
+ 4  3 sin2 2x
2 2 8π sin  π  π 
= 9 + 4 + 3 sin 2x  3 sin 2x = 13 sin  
9 =  9 1
1 = =
67. sin 2 + sin 2 = …..(i) π π 8
8 sin 8sin
2 9 9
3
and cos 2 + cos 2 = …..(ii) π 3π 5π 7π 9π 11π 13π
2 71. sin sin sin sin sin sin sin
14 14 14 14 14 14 14
Squaring and adding (i) and (ii), we get
(sin2 2 + cos2 2) + (sin2 2 + cos2 2) π 3π 5π
= sin sin sin 1
1 9 14 14 14
+ 2 (sin 2 sin 2 + cos 2 cos 2) = + 5 3 
4 4  sin     sin     sin    
 14   14   14 
1
 cos 2 cos 2 + sin 2 sin 2 = 2
4  π 3π 5π 
=  sin sin sin 
1  14 14 14 
 cos (2  2) =
4 2
 6π 4π 2π 
1 =  cos cos cos 
 2 cos2 ( – ) – 1 =  14 14 14 
4
5  π  
 cos2 (  ) = ….  sin      cos  
8  2  

32
 Chapter 04: Factorization Formulae
cos A cos B cos C 1 1  A B C 
27. + + = +  4cos cos sin  1
sin B sin C sin C sin A sin A sin B 2 2  2 2 2 
2 sin A cos A 2 sin Bcos B A B C
= + = 2 cos cos sin
2 sin A sin B sin C 2 sin A sin B sin C 2 2 2
2 sin Ccos C
+ 31. sin A + sin B + sin C
2 sin Asin B sin C
A+B AB C C
= 2 sin cos + 2 sin cos
sin 2 A + sin 2 B + sin 2 C 2 2 2 2
=
2 sin A sin B sin C π C AB
= 2 sin    cos
4 sin A sin B sin C 2 2 2
=
2 sin A sin B sin C C  π  A + B 
=2 + 2 cos sin    
2  2  2 
28. sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C C AB C A+B
= 1  cos2 A + 1  cos2 B + sin2 C = 2 cos cos + 2 cos cos
2 2 2 2
= 2  cos2 A  (cos2 B  sin2 C)
C  AB A  B
= 2  cos2 A  cos (B + C) cos (B  C) = 2 cos cos  cos
2  2 2 
= 2  cos A [cos A  cos (B  C)]
= 2  cos A [ cos (B + C)  cos (B  C)] C A B
= 2 cos  2cos cos 
= 2 + cos A.2 cos B cos C 2  2 2
 sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C  2 cos A cos B cos C A B C
=2 = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
 π  π
sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C
29. cos2 A + cos2  A +  + cos2  A  
 3  3 32.
cos A  cos B  cos C  1
1 1   2π   4 sin A sin B sin C
= (1 + cos 2A) + 1 + cos  2A    =
2 2   3  A B C
1 + 4 sin sin sin  1
1   2π   2 2 2
+ 1 + cos  2A   
2   3   A A  B B  C C
 2 sin cos  2 sin cos   2 sin cos 
=
3 1 2 2  2 2  2 2
= + cos 2A A B C
2 2 sin sin sin
2 2 2
1   2π   2π  
+ cos  2A +  + cos  2A     θ θ
2   3   3  ….  sin θ = 2 sin cos 
 2 2
3 1 2π
= + cos 2A + cos 2A cos A B C
2 2 3 = 8 cos cos cos
….[ cos (A + B) + cos (A – B) 2 2 2
= 2 cos A cos B]
33. We have,  +  +  = 2 
3 1 1 3
= + cos 2A – cos 2A =   
2 2 2 2    =
2 2 2
30. We have,
A B C   
cos2 + cos2 – cos2  tan     = tan  = 0
2 2 2  2 2 2
1 1 1      
= (1 + cos A) + (1 + cos B) – (1 + cos C)  tan + tan + tan  tan tan tan = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1      
= + ( cos A + cos B – cos C)  tan + tan + tan = tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
47
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

cos A cos B π 9π 3π 5π
+ 4. 2 cos cos + cos + cos
cot A + cot B sin A sin B
34.  tan A + tan B  sin A sin B
= 13 13 13 13
+ π 9π 4π π
cos A cos B = 2 cos cos + 2 cos cos
13 13 13 13
 sin B cos A + sin A cos B  cos A.cos B  π  9π 4π 
   
 sin A.sin B  sin A cos B + cos A.sin B  = 2 cos  cos + cos 
13  13 13 
=  cot A cot B π  π 5π 
= cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1 = 2 cos
13  2 cos 2 cos 26 
 
 A  B  C  ,   π 
....   =0 ….  cos = 0 
 cot A cot B  cot Bcot C  cot Ccot A  1  2 
5. 2 cos x  cos 3x  cos 5x
Competitive Thinking = 2 cos x (1  cos 4x)
1. sin 47 + sin 61  (sin 11 + sin 25) = 2 cos x 2 sin2 2x
= 4 cos x sin2 2x
= 2 sin 54 cos 7  2 sin 18 cos 7
= 4 cos x (2 sin x cos x)2
= 2 cos 7 (sin 54  sin 18) = 16 sin2 x cos3 x
= 2 cos 7 (2 cos 36 sin 18) 6. 1 + cos 10 + cos 20 + cos 30
5 1 5 1 = 2 cos2 5 + 2 cos 25 cos 5
= 4 cos 7 . .
4 4 = 2 cos 5 (cos 5 + cos 25)
 cos 7 = 2 cos 5 (2 cos 15 cos 10)
= 4 cos 5 cos 10 cos 15
2. cos A + cos(240 + A) + cos(240  A) 7. 1 + cos 56 + cos 58  cos 66
= cos A + 2 cos 240 cos A = 2 cos2 28 + 2 sin 62 sin 4
= cos A {1 + 2 cos (180 + 60)} = 2 cos2 28 + 2 cos 28 cos 86
….[ sin (90  ) = cos ]
  1 
= cos A 1  2     = 2 cos 28 (cos 28 + cos 86)
  2 
= 2 cos 28.2 cos 57 cos 29
=0
= 4 cos 28 cos 29 sin 33
10 8 3 5 ….[ cos (90  ) = sin ]
3. cos  cos  cos  cos
13 13 13 13
sin 85o  sin 35o 2 cos 60o sin 25o
 10 3   8 5  8. =
=  cos  cos    cos  cos  cos 65o sin 25
 13 13   13 13  1
=2
 13   7  2
= 2cos    cos   =1
 2  13   2  13 
 13   3  sin 55  cos55 sin 55  sin 35
2cos  9. =
 cos   sin10 sin10
 2  13   2  13 
2cos 45 sin10
 7 3  =  2
 cos  sin10
= 2 cos  cos
2 26 26  10. tan 9  tan 27  tan 63 + tan 81
   = tan 9  tan 27  cot 27 + cot 9
=0 ….  cos  0  ….[ tan (90  ) = cot ]
 2 
48
 Chapter 04: Factorization Formulae
= (tan 9 + cot 9)  (tan 27 + cot 27)  x y   x y 
1 1
 2cos   cos   1 ….(ii)
= –  2   2 
sin 9 cos 9 sin 27 cos 27o
o o o
Dividing (i) by (ii), we get
2 2  x y  1
= –
sin18 sin54o
o tan  
 2  2
…[ sin 2 = 2 sin  cos ]
 x y 
2 tan  
 sin 54  sin 18 
o o
 2 
= 2 o 
Now, tan (x + y) =
o
 sin 18 sin 54   x y 
1  tan 2  
 2 
2 cos 36o sin 18o
= 2. 1
sin 18o sin 54o 2 
4
=   =
2
4cos36 1 3
= 1
cos36 4
=4 cos x 3
15. cos x = 3 cos y  
 AB AB cos y 1
2.cos   .sin  
sin A  sin B  2   2  By componendo and dividendo, we get
11. =
cos A  cos B AB  AB cos x  cos y 3  1
2.cos   .cos   
 2   2  cos x  cos y 3  1
AB
= tan    x y  x y
 2  2cos   cos  
  2   2  4
sin (B  A)  cos (B  A)  x y  x y 2
12. 2sin 
sin (B  A)  cos (B  A)  sin  
 2   2 
sin (B  A)  sin{(90o  (B  A)}  x y  x y
=   cot 
sin (B  A)  sin{(90o  (A  B)}  cot  2
 2   2 
2sin (A  45o ) cos (45o  B)  x y  yx
=  cot 
2sin (45o  A)cos (45o  B)  cot   =2
 2   2 
sin (A  45o ) cos A  sin A  yx  x y
= =
sin (45o  A) cos A  sin A  2 tan    cot  
 2   2 
13. sin 4A – cos 2A = cos 4A – sin 2A 16. Given that, cos A = m cos B
 sin 4A + sin 2A = cos 4A + cos 2A m cos A
 2 sin 3A cos A = 2 cos 3A cos A  =
1 cos B
 tan 3A = 1
By componendo and dividendo, we get

 3A = m +1 cos A + cos B
4 =
m  1 cos A  cos B

 4A =  A+B  BA
3 2 cos   cos  
 =  2   2 
 tan 4A = tan  A+B BA
3 2 sin   sin  
 2   2 
= 3
….[ cos (B  A) = cos (A  B)]
1
14. sin x + sin y = A+B  BA
2 = cot   cot  
 x y   x y  1  2   2 
 2sin   cos   …. (i)
 A + B  m +1  BA
 2   2  2  cot  = tan  
cos x + cos y = 1  2  m 1  2 
49
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
of Compound Angles
cos   cos  1
86. cos  = If t = , then
1  cos  cos  m
By componendo – dividendo, we get 2
m 2m
cos   cos   cos   cos  cos  tan  = = 2
=  1  m 1
cos   1 cos   cos    cos  cos  1  2 
m 
cos  1  cos   1  cos     
  89. cos 
cos   1  cos   1  cos   = 2 cos  
 2   2 
1 cos  1  cos  1  cos     
    cos cos + sin sin
1 cos  1  cos  1  cos  2 2 2 2
      
 cot2 = cot2 tan2 = 2 cos cos  2 sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
      
 tan2 = tan2 cot2  3 sin sin = cos cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
  
 tan =  tan cot   1
2 2 2  tan tan =
2 2 3
 
87. 4cos 4  sin 2 2 + 4cot  cos2  4  2  A 1  cos A
90. Since, tan =
2 sin A
= 4cos 4  sin 2  cos2  
A  1
     Putting =  7  , we get
1  cos 2  4  2   2  2
+ 4 cot    
 1  1  cos15
o
 2 
tan  7  =
= 4cos2   cos2   sin 2   2 sin15o
   3 1
+ 2 cot  1  cos     1
 2  = 2 2
= 2cos  +2 cot  + 2 cos  3 1
  3  2 2
= 2 cot  …   , 
  2 2  =
2 2  3 1

3 1
3 1 3 1
 
88. Put tan   = t = 6 3 + 22
2
 1  t2  A 1  cos A
 2t  91. cot 
 (m + 2)   + (2m  1)   = 2m + 1 2 sin A
 1  t2   1  t2 

 (2m + 4) t + (2m  1) (1  t2)  1
= (2m + 1) (1 + t2) Putting A   7  , we get
2
 2
 4 mt  (2m + 4) t + 2 = 0 
 2 mt2  mt  2t + 1 = 0  1  1  cos15
cot  7  
 mt(2t  1)  1(2t  1) = 0  2 sin15
 (2t  1) (mt  1) = 0 3 1
1 1 1
 t = or t = = 2 2
2 m 3 1
1
If t = , then 2 2
2
2 2  3 1 3 1
2t 1 4 = 
tan  = = = 3 1 3 1
1 t 1
2 1 3
4 = 6 2 3 4
35
 Chapter 04: Factorization Formulae
π 2 3π = 2cos ( + )[2 sin sin + cos( + )] cos 2
= sin2 sin
8 8 =  cos 2 + 2 cos( + ) cos (  )
2 =  cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2
1  π 3π 
=  2 sin .sin  = cos 2
4  8 8 
2 26. In ABC, A + B + C = 
1  π π
=  cos  cos  sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C
4  4 2 = 2 sin (A + B) cos (A  B) + 2 sin C cos C
1 = 2 sin(C)cos(AB)+2 sin C cos{(A+B)}
=
8 = 2 sin C cos (A  B)  2 sin C cos (A + B)
m tan (  120o ) = 2 sin C {cos (A  B)  cos (A + B)}
23. = = 2 sin C (2 sin A sin B)
n tan (  30o )
= 4 sin A sin B sin C
m  n tan (  120o )  tan (  30o ) 27. cos A = cos B cos C
 =
m  n tan (  120o )  tan (  30o )  cos[ – (B + C)] = cos B cos C
 – cos(B + C) = cos B cos C
….[By componendo and dividendo]
 –[cos B cos C – sin B sin C] = cos B cos C
=
sin(  120)cos(  30)  cos(  120)sin(  30)  sin B sin C = 2 cos B cos C
sin(  120)cos(  30)  cos(  120)sin(  30)  tan B tan C = 2

sin (2  90o ) cos 2 28. cot (A + B) = cot ( – C)

= =
o
sin (150 ) 1 cot A cot B  1
 = – cot C
2 cot A + cot B
 cot A cot B – 1 = – cot A cot C – cot B cot C
= 2 cos 2
 cot B cot C + cot C cot A + cot A cot B = 1
24. cos2 76 + cos2 16 – cos76 cos 16 sin C cos B + sin Bcos C
29. cot B + cot C =
1 sin B sin C
= [1+cos 152+1+cos 32–cos 92–cos 60]
2 sin (B + C)
=
1 1 sin Bsin C
= [2 – + cos 152 + cos 32 – cos 92]
2 2 sin (180o  A)
=
sin Bsin C
1 3 
=  + 2 cos 92o cos 60o  cos 92o  sin A
2 2  =
sin B sin C
1 3 o sin B
 2 + cos 92  cos 92 
o
= Similarly, cot C + cot A =
2   sin C sin A
sin C
3 and cot A + cot B =
= sin A sin B
4
 (cot B + cot C)(cot C + cot A) (cot A + cot B)
25. cos 2 ( + ) = 2 cos2 ( + )  1
sin A sin B sin C
= . .
and 2 sin2  = 1  cos 2 sin B sin C sin C sin A sin A sin B
Now, 2 sin2 + 4 cos ( + ) sin sin = cosec A cosec B cosec C
+ cos 2 ( + )
30. Since, tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
= 1  cos2 + 4 cos ( + ) sin sin
tan A  tan B  tan C
2  =1
+ 2 cos ( + )  1 tanA tan B tan C

51
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 A B C C B A
31. Given,  A =  cot cot cot = cot + cot + cot
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
In  ABC, A + B + C =  33. A+B+C=
  A B  C
 B+C=
2  tan   = tan   
 2  2 2
 A B
B= –C tan  tan
2 2 2 = cot C

  A B 2
 cos2 B = cos2   C  = sin2 C 1  tan .tan
2  2 2
1 2
 cos2 B + cos2 C = sin2 C + cos2 C = 1  C
 3 3 = cot
32. A + B + C = 180 1 2 2
1 .
 A B  C 3 3
 cot     cot  90o   9 C
 2 2  2  = cot
A B 7 2
cot .cot  1 C C 7
2 2 1  tan =
 = tan =
B A 2 cot C 2 9
cot  cot
2 2 2 34. For A = B = C = 60, only option (C) satisfies
 A B  C B A the condition.
  cot cot  1 cot = cot + cot
 2 2  2 2 2

Evaluation Test

1. We have, A + B + C = 180 = sin2  + sin  sin ( + )

A  BC = sin {sin  + sin ( + )}
 = 90   
2  2  = sin  {sin (  (  )) + sin ( + )}
A   B  C 
 cot = cot  90    = sin  {sin (  ) + sin ( + )}
2   2 
= sin  (2 sin  cos )
A B C
 cot  tan    = 2 sin  sin  cos 
2 2 2
B C 3. (cos  + cos 7) + (cos 3 + cos 5) = 0
tan  tan
1 2 2  2 cos 4 cos 3 + 2 cos 4 cos  = 0
 
A B C
tan 1  tan tan  CD C D
2 2 2 ….  cos C  cos D  2 cos cos
 2 2 
B C A B A C
 1  tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  2 cos 4 (cos 3 + cos ) = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B B C A C  4 cos 4 cos 2 cos  = 0
 tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  1
2 2 2 2 2 2 sin 23 
 4 =0
A B
i.e.,  tan tan  1 23 sin 
2 2   cosAcos 2Acos 22 Acos 23 A....cos 2n 1A 
2. 2 2 2
sin  + sin   sin  ….  sin 2n A 

 n
= sin2  + sin (  ) sin ( + )  2 sin A 
….[ sin2A  sin2 B = sin (A + B) sin (A  B)]  sin 8 = 0  8 = n
= sin2  + sin (  ) sin ( + ) n
 
….[  +    =  (given)] 8
52
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

Evaluation Test
 2   4  Again, squaring on both sides, we get
1. xcos  = y cos     = z cos     = k(say)
 3   3  1
x 2  2  2  4cos 2 2
k  2  k x
 cos  = , cos    =
x  3  y 1
 x 2  2  4cos 2 2  2
 4  k x
and cos     = 1
 3  z  x2 + 2 = 2 (2 cos2 2  1)
x
k k k
 + + 1
x y z  x 2  2  2cos 4 ....(i)
x
 2   4  Cubing on both sides, we get
= cos  + cos     + cos    
 3   3   2 1 
3

 x  2   (2 cos 4)
3
        x 
= cos + cos         + cos        
 3   3  1 1  1 
 x 6  6  3 x 2  2  x 2  2   8cos 3 4
    x x  x 
= cos  – cos     – cos    
3  3  1
 x 6  6  3(2cos 4)  8cos3 4
     x
= cos  –  cos      cos     
 3  3  ….[From (i)]
 1
= cos  – 2 cos cos   x 6  6  8cos 3 4  6 cos 4
3 x
1 = 2(4cos3 4 3 cos 4)
= cos   2  cos  = 2 cos 3(4)
2
k k k ….[ cos 3A = 4 cos3 A  3 cos A]
 + + =0
x y z = 2cos 12
1 1 1 4. cos3  + cos3( + 120) + cos3( – 120)
   0
x y z cos3  3cos 
=
2. tan 70  tan 20  2 tan 40 4
= (cot 20  tan 20)  2 tan 40 cos  3  360   3cos    120 
+
....[ tan 70 = tan(90  20) = cot 20] 4
= 2 cot 40  2 tan 40 cos  3  360   3cos    120 
+
....[ cot   tan  = 2 cot 2] 4
= 2(cot 40  tan 40)  cos3A  4cos3 A  3cos A, 
....  
= 2(2 cot 80) = 4 cot 80  cos3 A  cos3A  3cos A 
= 4 cot(90  10) = 4 tan 10  4 
1 cos3 3cos  cos3 3cos( 120)
3. Given, x   2cos  =   
x 4 4 4 4
Squaring on both sides, we get cos3 3cos ( 120)
 
1 4 4
x   2  4cos 2 
x 3 3
1 = cos 3 + {cos ( + 120)
 x   4cos 2   2 4 4
x + cos ( – 120) + cos }
1 3 3
 x  = 2 (2cos2   1) = 2cos 2 = cos 3 + {2 cos  cos 120 + cos }
x 4 4
38
 Textbook
Chapter No.

06 Straight Line
Hints
Classical Thinking 8. Y
2. Gradient of the line which passes through O R(3,3 3)
30 1
(1, 0) and (2, 3) is m  
2  1 3 X
60o
X
P(–1, 0) Q(0, 0)
1
 tan  = 
3
Y
 1 
   tan 1    = 150
 3 3 30
Slope of QR =  3 i.e.,  = 60
3. The required equation is 30
y + 6 = tan 45(x – 4) Clearly, PQR = 120
 x – y – 10 = 0 OQ is the angle bisector of the angle PQR, so
line OQ makes 120 with the positive
4. The required equation passing through (0, 0) direction of X-axis.
1 1 Therefore, equation of the bisector of PQR
and having gradient m  , is y  x
0 0
is y = tan 120x  y   3 x  3x  y = 0
x=0
6 50 5
5. Midpoint is (3, 4) and slope of AB = 9. m 
4 4  0 4
1 2  the required equation is 5x + 4y = 0.
 Slope of perpendicular  
6/4 3 10. Equation of a line passing through the given
2 y  (6) x  (5)
 the required equation is y  4 = (x  3) points is =
3 6  10 5  3
 2x + 3y = 18 y6 x 5
 =  2x  y + 4 = 0
1 a  a 16 8
6. m 
b  b b  b
11. The point of intersection is (0, 0)
a  a Thus, the equation of line passing through the
 a  a  b  b  points (0, 0) and (2, 2) is y = x.
Midpoint is  , 
 2 2 
12. Equation of line is y = mx + c
 the required equation is  y = (tan 135)x – 5  y = –x – 5
 b  b  a   a   a  a  x+y+5=0
y–   =  x 
 2  bb    2 
c
 2(b –b)y+ 2(a – a)x = b2  b2 + a2  a2 13. From the figure, m = tan  =
3
1 3 c 3 
7. Midpoint  (4, –9) and slope   3= 
3 1 2 3
–c
1  5  c = –9
3
Hence, the required line is y + 9 = (x – 4)
2
 3x – 2y = 30 Hence, the required equation is y = 3x – 9

54
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
14. Here, intercept on X-axis is 3 and intercept on 26. m1 = 3 , m2 = 0
Y-axis is –2.
So, using double intercept form, the required 30
 tan  =
x y 1 0
equation of the line is   1 .
3 2
 tan  = 3
15. Using double intercept form, we get
  = 60o
x y
+ =1
2a sec  2a cosec 
 x cos  + y sin  = 2a
27.   tan 1
2 32 3
1 4  3
= tan–1  3
16. Intersection point on X-axis is (2x1, 0) and on
  = 60
Y-axis is (0, 2y1). Thus, equation of line
x y  cot 30o  cot 60o
passing through these points is  2 . 28.  = tan 1
x1 y1 1  cot 30o cot 60o
17. Since, the given line passes through (2, 3) tan 60o  tan 30o
1
and (4, 5). = tan = 30
1  tan 30o tan 60o
2 3 4 5
   1 and   1
a b a b x y x y
 b = –1, a = –1 29.   1 and   1
Equation of lines are
a b b a
x y
20. The equation of line is + =1 . b a
a a  m1  and m2 
a b
x+y–a=0
b a
coefficient of x 
 Slope =  = –1   = tan 1 a b
coefficient of y b a
1 .
21. The required equation which passes through a b
(1, 2) and its gradient m = 3, is y – 2 = 3(x– 1). b2  a 2
= tan 1
22. The required equation which passes through 2ab
a 30. Let L1  2x + 3y – 7 = 0 and
(c, d) and its gradient  , is
b L2  2x + 3y – 5 = 0
a
y  d   ( x  c) 2
b Here, slope of L1 = slope of L2  
3
 a(x – c) + b(y – d) = 0
Hence, the lines are parallel.
23. The required equation passing through (3, –4)
4 4 1
and having gradient is y + 4 = ( x  3) . 31. Slope of given line is
3 3 2
1
24. Equation of line perpendicular to m
ax + by + c = 0 is bx – ay +  = 0 ……(i) Thus, tan 45o   2  m = 3 or 1
1 3
It passes through (a, b). 1  m.
 ab – ab +  = 0   = 0 2
Putting  = 0 in (i), we get bx  ay = 0 which Hence option (B) is correct.
is the required equation.
33. Let L1  2x + 5y – 7= 0 and L2  2x– 5y– 9= 0,
 y 2 2
25. Slope of perpendicular = so that m1   , m 2 
2a 5 5
y' Lines are neither parallel nor perpendicular,
 the required equation is y – y = – (x – x)
2a also not coincident.
 xy + 2ay – 2ay – xy = 0 Hence, the lines are intersecting.
55
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

m1 1 c1 ab
42. p=
34. m2 1 c 2  0 a  b2
2

m3 1 c3 a 2  b2 1
  2
m1 m2 m3 a 2 b2 p
 1 1 1 1 1 1
 2
 2  2
c1 c2 c3 a b p
 m1(c2 – c3) + m2(c3 – c1) + m3(c1 – c2) = 0 43. Length of perpendicular is
7 8 5
b a
35. The lines are concurrent, if 3 4 5  0  1
a b b 2  a 2  ab

4 5 k 2
1  1
2
a 2  b2
    
 7(–4k – 25) + 8(3k – 20) + 5(15 + 16) = 0 a  b
 k = –45
y   y
15 18 1 44. Straight line y  y  ( x  x)
x  x
36. consider 12 10 3  Length of perpendicular
6 66 11 x( y  y )  y ( x  x)
=
= 15 (110 + 198) + 18 (132 + 18) ( x  x) 2  ( y   y) 2
+ 1 (792  60)
=0 xy   y x
=
37. u = a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, v = a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ( x  x)2  ( y   y)2
a b c
let 1  1  1  c 45. Given lines are 5x + 3y – 7 = 0 .....(i)
a 2 b 2 c2
and 15x + 9y + 14 = 0 or
a1 b c
 a2  , b 2  1 ,c2  1 14
c c c 5x  3 y  =0 ....(ii)
Given that, u + kv = 0 3
 a1x + b1y + c1 + k(a2x + b2y + c2) = 0 Lines (i) and (ii) are parallel.
 a1x + b1y + c1 14
7 
a  b  c  c1  c 2 3
+ k 1 x  k 1  y  k 1   0  Required distance = =
c c c a 2  b2 52  32
 k  k  k
 a1 x 1    b1 y 1    c1 1    0 35 35
 c  c  c = =
3 34 3 34
 a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 = u
4(3)  3(1)  20
38. Required length = =7 Critical Thinking
5
1. The four vertices on solving are A(–3, 3),
2  3  5 10 B(1, 1), C(1, –1) and D(–2, –2).
39. Required distance = = =5 2
11 2 m1 = slope of AC = –1,
m2 = slope of BD = 1
7 7  m1m2 = –1
40. Required distance = 
12  5
2 2 13 Hence, the angle between diagonals AC and
BD is 90.
41. Here, equation of line is y = x tan  + c, c > 0
Length of the perpendicular drawn on line 2. Mid point of (a cos, a sin) and
from point (a cos, a sin) is (a cos, a sin) is
p=
a sin   a cos  tan   c
=
c
= c cos   a(cos   cos ) a(sin   sin ) 
P , 
1  tan 
2
sec   2 2 
56
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
Y Thus, slope of new line is 3
A (acos, asin) Y
P B(3,1)
C
15°
B (acos, asin)
X 45°
O
O A (2,0) XX
 Slope of line AB is  The required equation of line passing through
a sin   a sin  sin   sin  (2, 0) and m = 3 is y = 3 (x  2)
  m1
a cos   a cos  cos   cos  i.e., y = 3 x  2 3
sin   sin 
and slope of OP is  m2 7. Let ABCD be a rectangle.
cos   cos 
Given, A (1, 3) and C (5, 1).
sin 2   sin 2 
Now, m1  m 2   1
cos 2   cos 2  D
A(1, 3)
Hence, the lines are perpendicular.
82
3. Slope  3 B C(5, 1)
3 1
The diagonal is y – 2 = 3(x – 1) Intersecting point of diagonal of a rectangle is
 3x – y – 1 = 0 same or at midpoint.
 midpoint of AC is (3, 2).
 6  7 1  3   13  Also, y = 2x + c passes through (3, 2).
4. S = midpoint of QR =  ,  =  ,1
 2 2  2  Hence, c = – 4
2 1 2 8. Since the hour, minute and second hands
 ‘m’ of PS  
13 9 always pass through origin because one end of
2
2 these hands is always at origin.
2 Now, at 4 O’ clock, the hour hand makes 30
 The required equation is y  1  ( x  1)
9 angle in fourth quadrant.
i.e., 2x + 9y + 7 = 0 So, the equation of hour hand is Y
1
1
5. Point P(a, b) is on 3x + 2y = 13 y = mx  y   x 2
So, 3a + 2b = 13 .....(i) 3
Point Q(b, a) is on 4x – y = 5  x  3y  0 O 30° 3 X
So, 4b – a = 5 .....(ii) 4
By solving (i) and (ii), we get
a = 3, b = 2 9. Let the co-ordinates of axes are A (a, 0) and
Now, equation of PQ is B(0, b), but the point (–5, 4) divides the line
y  y1 AB in the ratio of 1 : 2.
y – y1 = 2 ( x  x1 )  15 
x2  x1  the co-ordinates of axes are  ,0  and
3 2
 2 
 y2  ( x  3)  y – 2 = –(x – 3) (0, 12).
23
Therefore, the equation of line passing
x+y=5 through these coordinate axes is given by
6. Here, slope of AB  1 8x – 5y + 60 = 0
 tan  = m1 = 1 10. Let the intercept be a and 2a, then the equation
or  = 45 x y
 tan (45 + 15) = tan 60 of line is   1 , but it also passes
a 2a
[ It is rotated anticlockwise so the through (1, 2), therefore a = 2.
angle will be 45 + 15 = 60] Hence, the required equation is 2x + y = 4
57
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
11. Take two perpendicular lines as the coordinate 15. Given form is 3x + 3y + 7 = 0
axes. If a, b be the intercepts made by the 3 3 7
moving line on the coordinate axes, then the  x y 0
equation of the line is 3 3
2 2
3 3
2 2
3  32
2

3 3 7
x y  x y
 1 .....(i) 3 2 3 2 3 2
a b
1 1 1 7 7
Let    p 
a b k 3 2 3 2
k k 16. Let p be the length of the perpendicular from
i.e.,  1 .....(ii)
a b the origin on the given line. Then its equation
The result (ii) shows that the straight line (i) in normal form is
passes through a fixed point (k, k). x cos30 + y sin30 = p or 3x  y  2p
12. Given, a + b = 14  a = 14 – b  2p 
This meets the coordinate axes at A  ,0 
Hence, the equation of straight line is  3 
x y and B(0, 2p)
 1
14  b b 1  2p  2p 2
 Area of OAB   2p 
Also, it passes through (3, 4) 2  3  3
3 4
  =1 2p 2 50
14  b b    p  5
3 3
 b = 8 or 7
Therefore, equations are 4x + 3y = 24 and Hence, the lines are 3 x  y  10  0
x+y=7
17. The equation of line passing through
x y x5 y4
13. Let the equation of the line be  1 A( 5, 4) is 
a b cos  sin 
The co-ordinates of the mid point of the Let AB = r1, AC = r2, AD = r3
a b The co-ordinate of B is
intercept AB between the axes are  , 
2 2 (r1 cos   5, r1sin   4)
which lies on x + 3y + 2 = 0
a b
  1,  2  a  2, b  4 15
2 2  r1 
cos   3sin 
Hence, the equation of the line is
10
x y Similarly,  2cos   sin  and
  1  2x + y = 4 AC
2 4
6
 cos   sin 
14. A line perpendicular to the line 5x – y = 1 is AD
given by x + 5y –  = 0 = L Putting in the given relation, we get
x y (2cos   3sin ) 2  0
In intercept form  1
 /5 2
1  tan   
So, area of triangle is  (Multiplication of 3
2 2
intercepts)  The equation of line is y + 4 =  ( x  5)
3
1   2x + 3y + 22 = 0
 ( )    = 5
2 5
18. Let the required line through the point (1,2) be
=5 2 inclined at an angle  to the axis of X. Then its
Hence, the equation of required line is x 1 y  2
equation is   r .....(i)
x + 5y =  5 2 cos  sin 
58
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
sin( x  y ) a  b   2π  
14. = = 2  cos 2  cos   
sin( x  y ) a  b   3 
By componendo and dividendo, we get = 2 cos 2 + 1
sin ( x  y )  sin ( x  y ) (a  b)  (a  b)
= 20. sin 18 sin 70 + sin 16 sin 36
sin ( x  y )  sin ( x  y ) (a  b)  (a  b)
2sin x cos y 2a 1
 = = [2 sin 18 sin 70 + 2 sin 16 sin 36]
2cos x sin y 2b 2
tan x a 1
 = = [cos 52 – cos 88 + cos 20 – cos 52]
tan y b 2
1
15. 2 sin 3x cos 2x = sin (3x + 2x) + sin (3x – 2x) = [cos 20 – cos 88]
2
= sin 5x + sin x
1
= [ 2 sin 54 sin 34]
5π π  5π π   5π π  2
16. 2 sin cos = sin  +  + sin   
12 12  12 12   12 12  = sin 54 sin 34
π π
= sin + sin 21. sin 10 sin 30 sin 50 sin 70
2 3 1 1
3 2+ 3 = . ( 2 sin 10 sin 50) sin 70
=1+ = 2 2
2 2 1
17. cos 75 cos 15 = (cos 40  cos 60) sin 70
4
1 1
= [2 cos 75 cos 15] = (2 sin 70 cos 40  sin 70)
2 8
1 1
= [cos (75 + 15) + cos (75 – 15)] = (sin 110 + sin 30  sin 70)
2 8
1 1 1
= [cos 90 + cos 60] = (sin 70 +  sin 70)
2 8 2
1 ….[ sin(180  A) = sin A]
=
4 1
=
18. sin (45 + A) sin (45 – A) 16
1 22. cos 20 cos 40 cos 60 cos 80
= [2 sin (45 + A)sin (45 – A)]
2 1 1
1 = . (2 cos 40 cos 20) cos 80
= [cos (45 + A – 45 + A) 2 2
2 1
– cos (45 + A + 45 – A)] = (cos 60 + cos 20) cos 80
4
1 1
= [cos 2A – cos 90] = (cos 80 + 2 cos 20 cos 80)
2 8
1 1
= cos 2A = (cos 80 + cos 100 + cos 60)
2 8
π  π  1
19. 4 sin  + θ  sin   θ  = ….[ cos(180  A) = cos A]
16
3  3 
 π  π  24. cosec A (sin B cos C + cos B sin C)
= 2  2sin  + θ  sin   θ   = cosec A sin (B + C)
 3  3 
= cosec A sin (180 – A)
 π π  π π  = cosec A sin A
= 2  cos  + θ   θ   cos   θ +  θ  
  3 3   3 3  =1
42
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
28. Here, equation of AB is  2 = 90
x + 4y – 4 = 0 .....(i) 
and equation of BC is  2 – 1 = 45 =
4
2x + y – 22 = 0 .....(ii)
33. Intersection point of the line is
Thus angle between (i) and (ii) is given by
 1   ab ab 
 2  ,  , which is satisfying all the
1
 4  1 7 ab ab
tan    tan equations given in options (A), (B) and (C).
 1     ( 2) 
1 6
 4  Hence, (D) is correct.
   
34. Putting k = 1, 2, we get
k  (2  3) 3x + 2y = 12 .....(i)
29.  3 4x + 3y = 19 .....(ii)
1  k(2  3)
The given lines are not parallel.
 k  2  3  3  2k 3  3k Hence on solving them, we get
2(1  3) x = –2, y = 9
 k  1 Therefore, the lines pass through (–2, 9)
2(1  3)
35. Slope of AC = 5/2.
30. Let  be the acute angle which the line Let m be the slope of a line inclined at an
y = mx + 4 makes with the lines y = 3x + 1 and angle of 45 to AC,
2y = x + 3. 5
m
Then,
Then tan 45  
o 2 m  7,3
1 5 3 7
m 1  m.
m3 2 2
tan  = and tan  = D C (1,–1)
1  3m m
1 45°
2 45°
m3 2m  1
 =
1  3m m2
 m – m – 6 =  (6m2  m  1)
2 45°
45°
 5m2 + 5 = 0 or 7m2  2m  7 = 0
A (3,4) B
 7m2  2m  7 = 0 3
Thus, let the slope of AB or DC be and that
1 5 2 7
m=
7 7
of AD or BC be  .
31. Any line through (1, –10) is given by 3
Then, equation of AB is 3x –7y + 19 = 0.
y + 10 = m(x – 1)
Also the equation of BC is 7x + 3y – 4 = 0
Since, it makes equal angle say ‘’ with the
given lines 7x – y + 3 = 0 and x + y – 3 = 0  1 5
On solving these equations, we get B   , 
m7 m  ( 1)  2 2
 tan   = Now let the co-ordinates of the vertex D be
1  7m 1 + m( 1)
(h, k). Since the middle points of AC and BD
1
 m= or – 3 are same
3 1 1 1 9
Hence, the two possible equations of third side   h    (3  1)  h 
are 3x + y + 7 = 0, x – 3y – 31 = 0. 2 2 2 2
1 5 1
32. Here,   k    (4  1)
2 2 2
20
Slope of Ist diagonal = m1  1 1
20  k
 1 = 45 2
20 9 1
Slope of IInd diagonal = m 2   Hence, D   , 
1 1 2 2
60
 Chapter 06: Straight Line

pq qr rp 0 qr rp 42. By the given condition of a + b + c = 0, the
36. qr rp pq  0 rp pq = 0 three lines reduce to
p p p
rp pq qr 0 pq qr x  y  or or (p  0).
a b c
….[By C1  C1 + C2 + C3] All these lines are parallel. Hence, they do not
Hence, the lines are concurrent. intersect in finite plane.
37. Given lines are 3x + 4y = 5, 5x + 4y = 4, 43. The point of intersection of the lines is (1, 1).
x + 4y = 6. These lines meet at a point if the 3
point of intersection of first two lines lies on and slope of the line 2y – 3x + 2 = 0 is
2
the third line.
From 3x + 4y = 5 and 5x + 4y = 4 3
Hence, the equation is y – 1 = (x – 1)
1 13 2
We get x  , y   3x – 2y = 1
2 8
 1   13  44. The intersection point of lines x – 2y = 1 and
This lies on x+ 4y= 6 , if      4    6
 2  8  7 1
x + 3y = 2 is  ,  and the slope of required
=1  5 5
3
38. If the given lines are concurrent, then line  
a 1 1 a 1 a 1 a 4
 Equation of required line is
1 b 1  0  1 b 1 0  0
1 3  7
1 1 c 1 0 c 1 y  x 
5 4  5
[By C2  C2 – C1and C3  C3 – C1] 3x 21 1
 a(b – 1)(c – 1) – (b – 1)(1 – a)  y   3x + 4y = 5
4 20 5
– (c – 1)(1 – a) = 0
 3x + 4y  5 = 0
a 1 1 45. The point of intersection of 5x – 6y – 1 = 0
   0
1 a 1 b 1 c and 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 is (–1, –1).
….[Divide by (1 – a)(1 – b)(1 – c)] Now the line perpendicular to
1 1 1 3x – 5y + 11 = 0 is 5x + 3y + k = 0, but it
   =1 passes through (–1, –1)
1 a 1 b 1 c
 –5 – 3 + k = 0  k = 8
39. From option (B), Hence, required line is 5x + 3y + 8 = 0.
1 2 10
46. Equation of line passing through point of
2 1 5 = 1(0 – 20) – 2(–25) – 10 (3) = 0 intersection of x + 2y + 3 = 0 and
5 4 0 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 is
Hence, option (B) is the correct answer. (x + 2y + 3) + k (3x + 4y + 7) = 0
 (1 + 3k)x + (2 + 4k) y + 3 + 7k = 0 ....(i)
40. From option (B), we get
 (1  3k)
3 4 6 Slope of equation (i) is m1 =
2  4k
6 5 9  3(25  27)  4(3)  6(3)  0
1
3 3 5 and slope of given line is m2 = = 1 ....(ii)
1
41. The three lines are concurrent, if Since (i) and (ii) represent perpendicular lines.
1 2 9  m1m2 = –1
3 5 5  0  (1  3k)
  1 = –1
a b 1 (2  4k)
 35a – 22b + 1 = 0  equation of required line is
which is true if the line 35x – 22y + 1 = 0 (x + 2y + 3) – 1(3x + 4y + 7) = 0
passes through (a, b). x+y+2=0
61
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
47. Equation of line passing through point of 50. Equation of AD is
intersection of u = 0 and v = 0 is u + kv = 0 (x + y – 6) + k (x + 2y – 5) = 0
 (x + 2y + 5) + k (3x + 4y + 1) = 0  (1 + k)x + (1 + 2k)y – (6 + 5k) = 0 ....(i)
A
It is passing through (3, 2)
 (3 + 2  2 + 5) + k ( 3  3 + 4  2 + 1) = 0
E
2
 k=  H
3
 equation of line will be D
B C
2 2x + y – 4 = 0
(x + 2y + 5) – (3x + 4y + 1) = 0
3  (1  k)
 Slope of AD = m1 =
 3x + 2y – 13 = 0 (1  2k)
and Slope of BC = m2 = – 2
48. Equation of line through the point of  m1m2= –1 ….[ AD  BC]
intersection of lines 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and
3
3x – 5y – 5 = 0 is given by  k= 
4
(2 + 3k)x + (3 – 5k)y + (1 – 5k) = 0  From (i), equation of AD is
Slope of line is given by x – 2y = 9 .....(ii)
(2  3k) Similarly, equation of BE is
tan 45 =  2x – y = –12 .....(iii)
3  5k
By solving equation (ii) and (iii), we get
5 x = –11, y = –10
k=
2  H  (–11, –10)
 Equation of line is 19x – 19y – 23 = 0 51. Lengths of perpendicular from (0,0) on the
given lines are each equal to 2.
49. Required line should be
(3x – y + 2) + (5x – 2y + 7) = 0 …..(i)  b a 2  b 2 cosθ + 0  ab 
52. p1.p2 =  
 b 2
cos 2
θ + a 2
sin 2
θ 
 (3 + 5)x – (2 + 1)y + (2 + 7) = 0  
3  5 2  7   b a 2  b 2 cosθ  ab 
 y x …..(ii)  
2  1 2  1  b 2 cos 2 θ + a 2 sin 2 θ 
 
As the equation (ii), has infinite slope, [b 2 (a 2  b 2 )cos 2θ  a 2 b 2 ]
=
2 + 1 = 0 (b 2 cos 2θ + a 2sin 2 θ)
   1/2 b 2 [a 2  a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 cos 2θ]
=
Putting   1/2 in equation (i) we have b 2 cos 2θ + a 2 sin 2θ
b [a sin 2θ + b 2 cos 2θ]
2 2
(3x – y + 2) + (–1/2)(5x – 2y + 7) = 0 = = b2
b 2 cos 2θ + a 2sin 2 θ
x=3
Alternate Method: k
53. Here, p 
The point of intersection of 3x – y + 2 = 0 and sec   cosec 2 
2

5x  2y + 7 = 0 is (3, 11)  k cos 2

and p 
….[By solving equations simultaneously] cos 2   sin 2 
The required line has infinite slope 4k 2
(i.e. parallel to Y - axis) and passes through  4p2 + p2 =
sec 2   cosec 2 
(3, 11).
k 2 (cos 2   sin 2 ) 2
 x = 3 is required equation. +
1
62
 Chapter 04: Factorization Formulae

 9  27  3 sin 70o sin 20o

=2   –1–4   +3   tan 70  tan 20
o o 
 16   64  4 17. = cos 70o cos 20o
tan 50o sin 50o
 3
....  cos A   cos50o
 4 sin 70o cos 20o  cos 70o sin 20o
9 27 9 = cos 70o cos 20o
= –1– +
8 16 4 sin 50o
cos 50o
11
=
= sin(70o  20 )cos
o o
50o
16 o o
cos 70 cos 20 sin 50
π 3π 5π 7π 2sin 50o cos50o
14. sin sin sin sin =
16 16 16 16 2cos 70o cos 20o sin 50o
1   3 5 7  2cos50o
=
=
4  2sin 16 sin 16 .2sin 16 sin 16  cos90o  cos50o
 
2cos50o
1  π π  π 3π   = =2
=  cos  cos  cos  cos   0  cos50o
4  8 4  8 4 
18. tan 20 + 2 tan 50  tan 70
1  π 1  π 1 
=  cos   cos +  sin 20o sin 70o
4  8 2  8 2  = – + 2 tan 50
cos 20o cos 70o
1  2 π 1   sin 20o cos 70o  cos 20o sin 70o
=
4  cos 8  2   =
cos 20o cos 70o
+ 2 tan 50
 
sin(20o  70o )
1  2 π  1 π = + 2 tan50
=
8  2 cos 8  1 = 8 cos 4  1
[cos(70 + 20 ) + cos(70  20 )]
o o o o
   
2
1 1 2 2sin(50o )
= × = = + 2 tan 50
8 2 16 cos90o  cos50o
2 sin 50o
15. sin 20 sin 40 sin 60 sin 80 = + 2 tan 50
0 + cos 50o
3
= sin 20 sin (60  20) sin (60 + 20) =  2 tan 50 + 2 tan 50
2 =0
3 1
= . sin 60 19. cosec 48 + cosec 84 + cosec 192 + cosec384
2 4
1 1 1 1
 1  = + + +
....  sin  sin(60  )sin(60  )  sin 3  sin 48 o
sin 84 o
sin12 o
sin 24o
 4 
 1 1   1 1 
3 3 = o
 o 
+ o
 o 
= .  sin 48 sin 12   sin 84 sin 24 
8 2
3 (sin 48o  sin12o ) (sin 84o + sin 24o )
= =– +
16 sin 48o sin12o sin 84o sin 24o
2 cos 30o sin 18o
16. tan 20 tan 40 tan 60 tan 80 =–
1
(cos 36o  cos 60o )
= tan 20 tan (60 – 20). 3 . tan(60 + 20) 2
= 3 tan 20. tan (60  20) . tan (60 + 20) 2 sin 54o cos 30o
+
= 3 tan 3(20) 1
(cos 60o  cos 108o )
….[ tan tan(60  ) tan(60 + ) = tan3] 2
4cos30 sin18 4sin 54 cos30
= 3. 3=3 = 
cos 60  cos36 cos 60  sin18
45
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
64. Line AB will pass through (0, a) and (2a, k)
Y A (2a,k) 0  0 1
68. 2p 
1 1

a 2 b2
(0, a) B x = 2a 1 1 1 1 1 2
 2
 2  2  2 2  2
a b 4p a b 8p
X
C(2a,0)  a2, 8p2, b2 are in H.P.
But as we are given AB = AC
5a Competitive Thinking
 k  4a 2  (k  a) 2  k 
2
Hence, the required equation is 3x– 4y + 4a = 0 1. Since, the line makes an angle of measure 30
with Y-axis. Therefore, the line will make an
65. B(0,b) angle of measure 60 or  60 with X-axis.
3  Slope of line = tan 60 or tan(60)
(– 4,3) = 3 or  3 =  3
5
2. Here, the straight line is parallel to X-axis.
O A(a,0) So, the slope of such a line = 0.

32 6  4 10 18  6
By the section formula, we get a   and 3. m1    2 and m 2   2
3 2  3 5 9  (3)
24 Hence, the lines are parallel.
b
5 4. Midpoint of the line joining the points (4, –5)
Hence, the required equation is given by
 4  2 5  9 
x y and (–2, 9) is  ,  i.e., (1, 2)
 1  2 2 
(32 / 3) (24 / 5)
 Inclination of straight line passing through
 9x – 20y + 96 = 0 point (–3, 6) and midpoint (1, 2) is
66. It is given that the lines ax + 2y + 1 = 0, 26
m  tan  = – 1
bx + 3y + 1 = 0 and cx + 4y + 1 = 0 are 1 3
a 2 1 3
 
concurrent, therefore b 3 1  0 4
c 4 1
5. The required equation of line passing through
 – a + 2b – c = 0  2b = a + c b
(a, b) and having gradient m = , is
 a, b, c are in A. P. a
67. The two lines will be identical if there exists b
(y – b) = (x – a)
some real number k such that a
b3 – c3 = k(b – c), c3 – a3 = k(c – a), x y
i.e.  = 2
a3 – b3 = k(a – b) a b
 b – c = 0 or b2 + c2 + bc = k
 c – a = 0 or c2 + a2 + ac = k 6. The required equation of line passing through
 a – b = 0 or a2 + b2 + ab = k 3
(–2, 3) and gradient m = , is
 b = c, c = a, a = b 4
or b2 + c2 + bc = c2 + a2 + ca 3
y – 3 = [x – (–2)]
 b – a2 = c(a – b)
2
4
 b = a or a + b + c = 0 i.e. 3x – 4y + 18 = 0
64
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
7. Slope of line passing through (1, 0) and  3  (3 / 5)  2
1 0 1 y  x 
(4, 1) = =  5   (2 / 5)  5 
4  1 5  3x – 2y = 0
Slope of line perpendicular to the given line is
m=5 14. Since, the required line will be a line passing
Equation of line passing through (3, 5) and through A and B.
having slope 5 is y6 x 1
 =
y  5 = 5(x + 3) 6   4  1 3
 5x  y + 20 = 0  10x  10 = 2y + 12  5x + y  11 = 0
8. Midpoint  (2, 7) 15. Since, equation of diagonal 11x + 7y = 9 does
Slope of perpendicular = – 6 not pass through origin, so it cannot be the
 the required equation is y – 7 = – 6 (x – 2) equation of the diagonal OB. Thus, on solving
 6x + y – 19 = 0 the equation AC with the equations OA and
5 4  2 7 
9. Midpoint of given line segment  (2, 1) OC, we get A  ,   and C  , 
3 3  3 3
8
Now, slope of the line segment = = 1 C B
8
Slope of the required line segment is 1
 the required equation of line is y + 1 = 1 (x  2)
xy=3
O A
10. Midpoint  (3, 2). (0,0) 4x + 5y = 0
 the required equation is y  2 = 2 (x 3)
1 1
 2x – y – 4 = 0 Therefore, the midpoint of AC is  ,  .
2 2
11. The required diagonal passes through the Hence, the equation of OB is y = x
midpoint of AB and is perpendicular to AB. i.e., x – y = 0.
So, its equation is y – 2 = –3(x – 2) or
y + 3x – 8 = 0. 16. Point of intersection of x – y + 1 = 0 and
7x  y  5 = 0 is (1, 2)
12. Co-ordinates of the vertices of the square are Equation of diagonal passing through (1, 2)
A(0, 0), B(0, 1), C(1, 1) and D(1, 0). and (1, 2) is
y=1 4
B(0,1) C(1,1) y+2= (x + 1)
2
x=0 x=1  2x + 2 = y + 2
 2x – y = 0
A(0,0) D(1,0) Equation of another diagonal passing through
y=0
1
Now, the equation of AC is y = x and of BD is (1, 2) and having slope is
2
1 (1, 2)
y  1   ( x  0)  x + y = 1 1
1 y+2= (x + 1)
2
13. A(0,3) x=0  2y + 4 =  x  1
B(0,0) (1, 2)
 x + 2y = 5

 2 3 x+y=1 C(1,0) Point of intersection of 7x – y  5 = 0 and

D , 
5 5  1 8 
x + 2y = 5 is  , 
From figure, diagonal BD is passing through 3 3 
origin, therefore its equation is given by  Answer is option (C)
65
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 2  1 1 2 21. Let the equation of PQ be

x y
 = 1.
17. Slope = = = h k
 1 3 3
1     
 2 2 y

2 (0, k)Q R(h, k)

So, equation of the line is y  2 = (x  1)
3
2 4 (2, 3)
y= x+
3 3 x
O P(h, 0)
2 4
Putting y = 0, to find x-intercept, x+ =0 Since, the line passes through the fixed point (2, 3).
3 3 2 3
  =1
 x = 2 h k
 x-intercept =  2  Locus of R(h, k) is
2

3
=1
x y
x y  3x + 2y = xy
18. Let the equation be   1.
a a 22. Equation of the line has its intercepts on the
x–y=a .…(i) X-axis and Y-axis in the ratio 2 : 1 i.e., 2a
But, it passes through (–3, 2) and a
 a = –3 – 2 = –5 x y
   1  x + 2y = 2a .....(i)
Putting the value of a in (i), we get 2a a
xy+5=0 Line (i) also passes through midpoint of
(3,  4) and (5, 2) i.e., (4, –1)
x y  4 + 2(– 1) = 2a  a = 1
19. Let the equation of the line be  = 1.
a b Hence, the equation of required line is
Given, a = b x + 2y = 2
So, equation of line is x + y = a
23. Let the points of the required line on X-axis
Since, this line passes through (2, 4). and Y-axis be A(a, 0) and B(0, b) respectively.
 2+4=a 3 5
Since,  ,  is midpoint of AB.
a=6 2 2
 the required equation of line is x + y = 6 a0 3 0b 5
  and   a = 3 and b = 5
i.e., x + y – 6 = 0 2 2 2 2
x y
20. Here, a + b = –1  the equation of line is   1
3 5
x y  5x + 3y – 15 = 0
 required line is   1 .....(i)
a 1 a
24. The required equation of line is
Since, line (i) passes through (4, 3).
x y
4 3   1  4x + 3y = 24
  1 6 8
a 1 a
 4 + 4a – 3a = a + a2  a b
25. Let P    ,    be the midpoint of the
 a =42
 2 2
a=2 line joining (a, 0) and (0, b).
x y a
 the required lines are  1 and  =  a = 2 ….(i)
2 3 2
x y b
 = 1. and  =  b = 2 ….(ii)
2 1 2

66
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

cos A cos B π 9π 3π 5π
+ 4. 2 cos cos + cos + cos
cot A + cot B sin A sin B
34.  tan A + tan B  sin A sin B
= 13 13 13 13
+ π 9π 4π π
cos A cos B = 2 cos cos + 2 cos cos
13 13 13 13
 sin B cos A + sin A cos B  cos A.cos B  π  9π 4π 
   
 sin A.sin B  sin A cos B + cos A.sin B  = 2 cos  cos + cos 
13  13 13 
=  cot A cot B π  π 5π 
= cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1 = 2 cos
13  2 cos 2 cos 26 
 
 A  B  C  ,   π 
....   =0 ….  cos = 0 
 cot A cot B  cot Bcot C  cot Ccot A  1  2 
5. 2 cos x  cos 3x  cos 5x
Competitive Thinking = 2 cos x (1  cos 4x)
1. sin 47 + sin 61  (sin 11 + sin 25) = 2 cos x 2 sin2 2x
= 4 cos x sin2 2x
= 2 sin 54 cos 7  2 sin 18 cos 7
= 4 cos x (2 sin x cos x)2
= 2 cos 7 (sin 54  sin 18) = 16 sin2 x cos3 x
= 2 cos 7 (2 cos 36 sin 18) 6. 1 + cos 10 + cos 20 + cos 30
5 1 5 1 = 2 cos2 5 + 2 cos 25 cos 5
= 4 cos 7 . .
4 4 = 2 cos 5 (cos 5 + cos 25)
 cos 7 = 2 cos 5 (2 cos 15 cos 10)
= 4 cos 5 cos 10 cos 15
2. cos A + cos(240 + A) + cos(240  A) 7. 1 + cos 56 + cos 58  cos 66
= cos A + 2 cos 240 cos A = 2 cos2 28 + 2 sin 62 sin 4
= cos A {1 + 2 cos (180 + 60)} = 2 cos2 28 + 2 cos 28 cos 86
….[ sin (90  ) = cos ]
  1 
= cos A 1  2     = 2 cos 28 (cos 28 + cos 86)
  2 
= 2 cos 28.2 cos 57 cos 29
=0
= 4 cos 28 cos 29 sin 33
10 8 3 5 ….[ cos (90  ) = sin ]
3. cos  cos  cos  cos
13 13 13 13
sin 85o  sin 35o 2 cos 60o sin 25o
 10 3   8 5  8. =
=  cos  cos    cos  cos  cos 65o sin 25
 13 13   13 13  1
=2
 13   7  2
= 2cos    cos   =1
 2  13   2  13 
 13   3  sin 55  cos55 sin 55  sin 35
2cos  9. =
 cos   sin10 sin10
 2  13   2  13 
2cos 45 sin10
 7 3  =  2
 cos  sin10
= 2 cos  cos
2 26 26  10. tan 9  tan 27  tan 63 + tan 81
   = tan 9  tan 27  cot 27 + cot 9
=0 ….  cos  0  ….[ tan (90  ) = cot ]
 2 
48
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 1 According to the given condition,

31. Since, m1m 2  (2)    =  1 8 8
 2   (3) and  = 2
 the lines are perpendicular. a b
8
1  a   and b = 4
32. Here, m1 = 1, m2 =  . 3
k
For orthogonal lines, 38. The equation of a line perpendicular to
1 x  y = 0 is x  y + c = 0 .…(i)
m1m2 = 1  = 1  k = 1 Since, the line passes through (3, 2).
k
 –3  2 + c = 0
2 1  c=5
33. Here, m1 = and m2 =
3 k Putting c = 5 in (i), we get
for perpendicular lines x+y=5
m1m2 = 1
39. The equation of a line perpendicular to
2 1
  = 1 x + y + 1 = 0 is x – y +  = 0.
3 k Since, the line passes through the point (1, 2).
2  1–2+=0
k=
3 =1
34. m1m2 = – 1 Hence, required equation of line is
y–x–1=0
 k 3
  (2)  1  2k  6  2  k  4 Slope of y = 3x  1 is 3
24 40.
Y  Slope of line perpendicular to the above line is
35.
A 1
(0,b) m=
3
E (a/2,b/2) Equation of line passing through (1, 2) and
1
having slope (m) = is
C 3
X
(0,0) B D(a/2,0) (a,0) 1
(y  2) = (x  1)
From figure, 3
b/ 2  b   3y  6 = x + 1
     1  x + 3y  7 = 0
 a / 2   a / 2 
 a 2  2b 2  a   2b 41. The required equation passing through (1, 1)
3
36. Since, the point (4, 5) does not lie on the and having gradient is
2
diagonal 7x  y + 8 = 0, so point will lie on the
3
other diagonal. y  1 = (x + 1)  2(y – 1) = 3(x + 1)
Also, diagonals are perpendicular. 2
1 42. 5x  6y  1 = 0 …(i)
 Slope of other diagonal =
7 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 …(ii)
 equation of the other diagonal is On solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 1, y = 1
1 3
y  5 =  (x + 4)  7y + x = 31 Slope of line 3x  5y + 11 = 0 is .
7 5
37. The equation of lines in intercept form are 5
Slope of line perpendicular to above line =
x y 3
 1
8 / a 8 / b  Equation of line passing through (1, 1) and
x y 5
 1 having slope  is
3 2 3

68
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
5 46. Line; x + 2y + 3 = 0
(y + 1) =  (x + 1) intersects the co-ordinate axes at A (–3, 0) and
3
 3y + 3 = 5x  5  3 
B  0, 
 5x + 3y + 8 = 0  2  Y
43. The given line is bx – ay = ab ….(i)
It cuts X-axis at (a, 0).
A(–3, 0)
The equation of a line perpendicular to (i) is X
C(–8, 0) (h, 0)
ax + by = k.
Since, the line passes through (a, 0)  k = a2  3 
B  0, 
Hence, required equation of line is ax+ by = a2  2 
x y a (0, k) x + 2y + 3 = 0
i.e.,  
b a b
44. The equation of a line passing through (2, 2) D(0, –4)
and perpendicular to 3x + y = 3 is
1
y  2  ( x  2) or x – 3y + 4 = 0.
3 x + 2y + 8 = 0
4
Putting x = 0 in this equation, we get y =
3 Line: x + 2y + 8 = 0 intersects the coordinate
4 axes at C(–8, 0) and D(0, –4)
 y – intercept = Since the required line divides the distance
3
A(–2, 3)
between the two lines in the ratio 1 : 2
45.  (h, 0) divides the distance between A(–3, 0)
Q and C(–8, 0) in the ratio 1 : 2
O
 1 8   2  3 
 (h, 0) =  , 0
 3 
 14 
 (h, 0) =  , 0
 3 
B(2, –1) P C(4, 0)
 the required equation of line passing through
In ABC;  14  1
 , 0  and having gradient m = , is
0   1 1  3  2
slope of BC = =
42 2 1  14 
03 3 1
(y – 0) = x  
slope of AC = = = 2  3
4   2  6 2  –3x – 6y = 14
Since, AP  BC and BQ  AC, Writing in normal form,
 slope of AP = –2, 3 x 6y 14
– =
slope of BQ = 2 45 45 45
 Equation of AP is 2x + y + 1 = 0 and equation 14
of BQ is 2x – y – 5 = 0 i.e. x cos a + y sin a =
Solving the above equations, we get 45
orthocentre, O = (1, –3) 3 6
where, cos a = , sin a =
Also, centroid of the triangle, 45 45
 2  2  4 3  1  0  6
C=  , 
 3 3 
 a =  + tan–1 45
4 2 3
i.e. C =  , 
3 3 45
–1
 Equation of line OC is 11x – y – 14 = 0 i.e. a =  + tan 2
69
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
47. Here, m1 = cot , m2 = tan  x y x y
53. Slopes of lines  = 1 and  =1
 cot   tan  a b b a 
 tan  =
1  cot  tan  b a 
are and respectively
 tan  =  cot(  ) a b
a b
  Product of slopes is
 = + ab
2
1 1
48. The lines are bx + ay – ab = 0 and But  =0
ab ba 
bx – ay – ab = 0.  ab = ab
Hence, the required angle is
 Product of slopes = 1
b b Hence option (C)

2ab
 = tan1 a 2a = tan 1 2 54. The equation of a straight line passing through
b b  a2
1 2 (3, –2) is
a y + 2 = m(x – 3) …..(i)
b  y 2 xy  The slope of the line 3 x + y = 1 is  3
= 2 tan 1 …. 2 tan 1  tan 1 2 2 
a  x y x 
m  ( 3)
So, tan 60 = 
1 1  m (  3)
49.   90o  tan 1  
3 On solving, we get
  1  m = 0 or 3
 tan   cot  tan 1     3
  3  Putting the values of m in (i), the required
1 equation of lines are y + 2 = 0 and
   tan (3)
3x  y  2  3 3 = 0
Y
55. Here the lines are x – 3 = 0, y – 4 = 0 and
x=2 4x – 3y + a = 0.
These will be concurrent, if
X X 1 0 3
O 
0 1 4  0  a = 0
x – 3y = 6 4 3 a

Y 4 3 1
50. Given lines are ax + by + c = 0 56. Lines are concurrent, if 1 1 5  0
and x = t + , y = t +  b 5 3
After eliminating t, we get
x – y +  –  = 0  4(3 – 25) – 3(–3 –5b) – 1(5 + b) = 0
For parallelism condition,  –88 + 9 + 15b – 5 – b = 0
 –84 + 14b = 0
a b
  a + b = 0 b=6
 
2 1 1
51. The given lines are perpendicular because
 1 57. Given lines are concurrent, if a 3 3 = 0
m1m2  (2)   =  1
2 3 2 2
Hence, the angle between the two lines is 90. 2 1 1
1 – a 3 3 =0
52. The slopes of the lines are m1  , m2 = 2
2 3 2 2
 m1m2 = – 1 This is true for all values of a because C2 and
So, the lines are perpendicular i.e.,  = 90 C3 are identical.
70
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
58. Here, the given lines are 63. The lines passing through the intersection of
ax + by + c = 0 the lines ax + 2by + 3b = 0 and
bx + cy + a = 0 bx  2ay  3a = 0 is
cx + ay + b = 0 ax + 2by + 3b + (bx  2ay  3a) = 0
a b c  (a + b)x + (2b  2a)y + 3b 3a = 0 …(i)
The lines will be concurrent, if b c a  0 Line (i) is parallel to X-axis,
a
c a b a + b = 0   =
b
 a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = 0 Putting the value of  in (i), we get
59. Dividing both sides of relation 3a+ 2b+ 4c = 0 a
ax + 2by + 3b  (bx  2ay – 3a) = 0
3 1 b
by 4, we get a  b  c  0 , which shows
4 2  2a 2  3a 2
that for all values of a, b and c each member  y  2b    3b  0
 b  b
of the set of lines ax + by + c = 0 passes
3 1  2b 2  2a 2   3b 2  3a 2 
through the point  ,   y     
4 2  b   b 
3(a  b ) 3
2 2
60. Since, lines x + 3y  9 = 0 , 4x + by  2 = 0, y 
and 2x  y  4 = 0 are concurrent 2(b 2  a 2 ) 2
1 3 9 So, it is 3/2 unit below X-axis.
4 b 2 = 0 64. Point of intersection of the lines is (3, –2)
2 1 4 2
Also, slope of perpendicular =
 1 (4b  2) 3 (16 + 4) 9 (4  2b) = 0 7
 b = 5 2
Hence, the equation is y + 2 = (x – 3)
 the required line passes through (5, 0) 7
Now, consider option (D) and x + 3y  9 = 0,  2x – 7y – 20 = 0
4x  5y  2 = 0 65. Slopes of the lines are 1 and –1
1 3 9 Y
 4 5 2 = 0
(1,1)
1 4 5
 option (D) is correct
45° 135°
X
61. Required equation of line which is parallel to O
x + 2y = 5 is x + 2y + k = 0 ….(i)
Given equation of lines are Since, the point of intersection is (1, 1)
x+y=2 ….(ii) Hence, the required equations are
xy=0 ….(iii) y – 1 = 1(x – 1)
Adding (ii) and (iii), we get 2x = 2  x = 1 66. The point of intersection of the lines
From (iii), we get y = 1  4 7 
 Point of intersection is (1, 1). 3x + y + 1 = 0 and 2x  y + 3 = 0 are  ,  .
 5 5
Putting x = 1, y = 1 in (i), we get k = 3
The equation of line which makes equal
 the required equation of line is x + 2y = 3. intercepts with the axes is x + y = a.
21 23 4 7 3
62. Point of intersection is y   and x     aa 
5 5 5 5 5
3(23)  4(21) 69  84  the required equation of the line is
 3x  4 y    3 3
5 5 x + y  = 0 i.e., 5x + 5y – 3 = 0
Hence, required line is 3x + 4y + 3 = 0 5
71
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 A B C C B A
31. Given,  A =  cot cot cot = cot + cot + cot
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
In  ABC, A + B + C =  33. A+B+C=
  A B  C
 B+C=
2  tan   = tan   
 2  2 2
 A B
B= –C tan  tan
2 2 2 = cot C

  A B 2
 cos2 B = cos2   C  = sin2 C 1  tan .tan
2  2 2
1 2
 cos2 B + cos2 C = sin2 C + cos2 C = 1  C
 3 3 = cot
32. A + B + C = 180 1 2 2
1 .
 A B  C 3 3
 cot     cot  90o   9 C
 2 2  2  = cot
A B 7 2
cot .cot  1 C C 7
2 2 1  tan =
 = tan =
B A 2 cot C 2 9
cot  cot
2 2 2 34. For A = B = C = 60, only option (C) satisfies
 A B  C B A the condition.
  cot cot  1 cot = cot + cot
 2 2  2 2 2

Evaluation Test

1. We have, A + B + C = 180 = sin2  + sin  sin ( + )

A  BC = sin {sin  + sin ( + )}
 = 90   
2  2  = sin  {sin (  (  )) + sin ( + )}
A   B  C 
 cot = cot  90    = sin  {sin (  ) + sin ( + )}
2   2 
= sin  (2 sin  cos )
A B C
 cot  tan    = 2 sin  sin  cos 
2 2 2
B C 3. (cos  + cos 7) + (cos 3 + cos 5) = 0
tan  tan
1 2 2  2 cos 4 cos 3 + 2 cos 4 cos  = 0
 
A B C
tan 1  tan tan  CD C D
2 2 2 ….  cos C  cos D  2 cos cos
 2 2 
B C A B A C
 1  tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  2 cos 4 (cos 3 + cos ) = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B B C A C  4 cos 4 cos 2 cos  = 0
 tan tan  tan tan  tan tan  1
2 2 2 2 2 2 sin 23 
 4 =0
A B
i.e.,  tan tan  1 23 sin 
2 2   cosAcos 2Acos 22 Acos 23 A....cos 2n 1A 
2. 2 2 2
sin  + sin   sin  ….  sin 2n A 

 n
= sin2  + sin (  ) sin ( + )  2 sin A 
….[ sin2A  sin2 B = sin (A + B) sin (A  B)]  sin 8 = 0  8 = n
= sin2  + sin (  ) sin ( + ) n
 
….[  +    =  (given)] 8
52
 Chapter 06: Straight Line

1 a 3 1
  m=
2 2 2
 Equation of the line is x + 2y – 5 = 0
2
 a 81. Given b = 2a
3
x y
 The equation of the line is  =1
2  2  1 5 a b
78. AD = =  5
(2)  (1)
2 2
5 x y
  =1
a 2a
AD A(–1, 2)
Since, tan 60   2x + y = 2a
BD Distance of the line from (0, 0) is
5 2(0)  1(0)  2a
 3 d=
BD 4 1
5 60o
 BD  B C 2a
3 D 1=
2x – y = 1 5
 BC = 2BD
5
5 20 a=
= 2 = 2
3 3
 Equation of line is 2x + y =  5
79. P y + 2x = 1
82. Gradient of BC = –1 and its equation is
x + y + 4 = 0. Therefore, the equation of line
parallel to BC is x + y +  = 0.
1
Also, it is unit distant from origin.
2
 1 2
Thus,  
Q R 2 2 2
3y + 6x = 6 Hence, the required equation of line is
lines y + 2x = 1 and 3y + 6x = 6 are parallel to 2 x + 2y + 2 = 0
each other
83. Equation of straight line parallel to 4x  3y = 5
1  2
 d= is 4x  3y = 
4 1 According to the given condition,
d=
1 4  1  3  4   
= 1
5 16  9
2 8=5
Side of equilateral triangle = d
3   = 3, 13
2 1 2  the equation of one of the lines is
=  = 4x  3y  3 = 0
3 5 15
80. Point of intersection is (1, 2) 84. Equation of AB: 4x – 3y – 17 = 0
Therefore, the equation of line passing Equation of BC: 3x + 4y – 19 = 0
through (1, 2) is (y – 2) = m(x – 1) If P(x, y) is a point on the bisector of ABC
or mx – y + 2 – m = 0 then,
Since, the line is at distance of 5 from 4 x  3 y  17 3x  4 y  19
=
origin i.e. (0, 0),
 4   3  3   4
2 2 2 2

0 m  0  2  m = 5  7y = x + 2 is the required equation of the angle

m2  1 bisector.
73
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

85. Let point (x1, y1) be at distance 5 from According to the given condition,
x  2y + 1 = 0 | a  2b  c | | 3a  4b  c |
=
x  2 y1 + 1 a 2  b2 a 2  b2
 5= 1
1 4  3a + 4b +c = (a  2b + c)
 x1  2y1 + 1 = ± 5 ….(i)  a + 3b = 0 (taking +ve) ….(ii)
 2a + b + c = 0 (takingve) ….(iii)
Let point (x2, y2) be at distance 13 from
From, (i) and (ii), we get a = b = 0 which is not
2x + 3y  1 = 0 possible so taking (i) and (iii), (taking a =  b)
2 x2 + 3 y2  1 we get
 13 =
49 a + c = 0  c = a
 2x2 + 3y2  1 = ± 13 ….(ii) a : b : c = a : a : a = 1 : 1 : 1
 Equation (i) and (ii) will give us total 4 points. or a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
 answer is option (C) From (i) and (iii) (taking a = b), we get
3a + c = 0  c = 3a
86.
C a : b : c = a : a : 3a = 1 : 1 : 3
 option (B) is the correct answer.
Q 88. Here, the lines are 3x + 4y – 9 = 0 and
15
6x + 8y – 15 = 0 or 3x + 4y – = 0.
2
D
B(0, 2)  15 
9   
 2  3 3
 Required distance = = =
3 4
2 2
10 10
R

A(2, 0) 89. Given equation of parallel lines are

O (0,0) x  y + a = 0, x  y + b = 0
x+y=2 ab |a b|
 required distance = 
(1)  (1)
2 2
2
 2  0
2
l(AB) = l(RQ) =  (0  2) 2
90. Line L passes through (13, 32).
= 8 =2 2 13 32
  =1
1 0   1 0   2 2 5 b
l(OR) = = = 2  b =  20
11 2
x y
 Perpendicular distance (p) = OR + RQ So, equation of L is   1  4x  y = 20
5 20
= 22 2 Slope of L is m1 = 4.
=3 2 x y 3
Slope of  = 1 is m2 = 
a c 3 c
87. Slope of given line ax + by + c = 0 is  . 3
b  =4
a c
  =1a=b ….(i)
b 3
c= 
Distance of line ax + by + c = 0 from (1, 2) 4
| a  2b  c | 4x y
= Equation of line K is   =1
a 2  b2 3 3
Distance of line ax + by + c = 0 from (3, 4)  4x  y =  3
| 3a  4b  c | 20  3 23
= Distance between L and K is =
a 2  b2 16  1 17

74
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
91. Distance between lines –x + y = 2 and So, (x – 1) = 0 and (y + 2) = 0
22  x = 1 and y = –2
x – y = 2 is  = = 2 2 ….(i)
2 96. Y x=0
Distance between lines 4x – 3y = 5 and
6y – 8x = 1 is B (0, 4)
 1 
5 
=
 2   11 ….(ii)
5 10
A(3, 0) X
O y=0
From (i) and (ii), we get (0, 0)
 2 2 For a triangle with side lengths a, b and c and
 vertices at points opposite to these sides
 11 / 10
(x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3) respectively, the
 20 2  11 incentre is given by,
92. (K + 1)2x + Ky – 2K2 – 2 = 0  ax  bx2  cx3 ay1by2  cy3 
(xi, yi) =  1 ,
 (K2 + 2K + 1)x + Ky – 2K2 – 2 = 0  abc a  b  c 
 K2(x – 2) + K(2x + y) + (x – 2) = 0 For the given triangle,
 (K2 + 1)(x – 2) + K(2x + y) = 0 OA = 3 units
 x – 2 = 0 i.e. x = 2 OB = 4 units
 4  0   0  3 = 5 units
2 2
and 2x + y = 0 AB =
 2(2) + y = 0
 Incentre
 y = –4
 The fixed point is (2, –4)  3  0   4  3  5  0  3  4  4  0  5  0  
= , 
 The required line has slope 2 and passes  3 45 3 45 
through the point (2, –4)  12 12 
= , 
 Equation of line;  12 12 
y – (–4) = 2(x – 2) = (1, 1)
 y + 4 = 2x – 4  Incentre is (1, 1)
 y = 2x – 8
97. Two sides x – 3y = 0 and 3x + y = 0 of the
93. ax + by + c = 0 always passes through (1, –2). given triangle are perpendicular to each other.
 a – 2b + c = 0  2b = a + c Therefore, its orthocentre is the point of
Therefore, a, b and c are in A.P. intersection of x – 3y = 0 and 3x + y = 0
i.e., (0, 0).
94. Since, l, m, n are in A.P.
 2m = l + n 98. The vertices of triangle are the intersection
Given equation of line is lx + my = n = 0 points of these given lines. The vertices of 
Consider, option (B), are A(0, 4), B(1, 1), C(4, 0)
If the point (1, 2) satisfy the given equation. Now,
 l – 2m + n = 0  2m = l + n AB  (0  1) 2  (4  1) 2  10
 l, m, n are A.P.
BC  (1  4) 2  (1  0) 2  10
2 1 1
95. a, b, c are in H. P., then   .....(i) AC  (0  4) 2  (4  0) 2  4 2
b a c
x y 1  AB = BC
Given, line is   0 .....(ii)
a b c   is isosceles.
From (i) and (ii), we get
1 1 99. The point of intersection of the given lines are
( x  1)  ( y  2)  0 (1, 1), (1, 1) and (2/3, 2/3) which is the
a b
Since, a  0, b  0 vertices of an isosceles triangle.
75
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

Evaluation Test

4. The clockwise rotation of the point

1. Given, f() = x cos  + y sin   p()
P(cos , sin ) through an angle  takes it to
 f() = x cos  + y sin   p() the point (cos(  ), sin(  )) and
Since, both the lines are perpendicular to each anticlockwise rotation through angle  takes P
other.
to the point (cos( + ), sin( + )).
 a1a2 + b1b2 = 0  options (A) and (B) are not correct.
 cos  cos  + sin  sin  = 0
Y

 cos (  ) = 0  |  | = Q(cos(+), sin(+))
2
P(cos , sin )
2. The equations of the sides of the triangle are Q(cos( ), sin())
x y
L1   = 1,
p 1 p 

x y X  X
L2   = 1, O
q 1 q
L3  y = 0
The coordinates of vertices are A(p, 0), Y
B(q, 0) and C(pq,(1 + p) (1 + q)). sin(  )  sin 
Slope of PQ =
C(pq,(1 + p) (1 + q)) cos(  )  cos 
  
2sin     cos
= 2  2
L2 = 0 L1 = 0   
2sin     sin
2  2

=  cot
2
B(q, 0) L3 = 0 A(p, 0) This shows that PQ is perpendicular to a line
The equation of the altitude through C is 
with slope tan . Thus, Q can be obtained
x = pq and the equation of the altitude through 2
B is (1 + p) y + px + pq = 0. from P by taking its reflection in the line
Solving these equations, we get 
through origin with slope tan .
x = pq and y = pq 2
Let (h, k) be the coordinates of the 5. Let QS be the bisector of PQR.
orthocentre. Then,
h = pq and k = pq  k = h
S Y 
R 3,3 3 
Hence, the locus of (h, k) is y =  x, which is a
straight line.
3. The line ax + by + c = 0 meets the coordinate
 c   c
axes at A   ,0  and B  0,   .
 a   b 60
1 X P(1,0) Q(0,0) X
 Area of OAB =  OA  OB
2
1 c c c2 Y
=    =
2 a b 2ab 3 30
Slope of QR = = 3
This will be constant, if a, c, b are in G.P. 30
76
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
 XQR = 60 1 
Equation of line L passing through  ,0 
 PQR = 120 2 
 PQS = SQR = 60  XQS = 120 and having slope 1 is
 Slope of QS = tan 120 =  3  1
y – 0 = 1  x 
 the equation of QS is y =  3 x i.e., 3x+ y = 0  2
 2x – 2y = 1 ….(ii)
6. Y Equation of Y axis, x = 0 ….(iii)
B From (i), (ii) and (iii),
C the vertices of the triangle are
 1   5 3 
A(0, 2), B  0,   and C  ,  .
 2   4 4 
a
 the area of the triangle is
/4 A(a cos , a sin )
X 
X 0 2 1
O
1 1 25
0  1  square units
Y 2 2 16
5 3
  1
Slope of OB = tan     4 4
 4 
  8. By solving 3x + 4y = 9, y = mx + 1, we get
 Slope of AC =  cot     5
4  x .
3  4m
 cos   sin  
=   Now, x is an integer, if 3 + 4m = 1, – 1, 5, – 5
 cos   sin   2 4 2 8
 m , , , .
sin   cos  4 4 4 4
=
sin   cos  2 2
Since, m = , do not give integral values
 the equation of AC is 4 4
sin   cos  of m.
y  a sin  = (x  a cos )  m has two integral values.
sin   cos 
 y(sin  + cos ) + x(cos   sin ) = a 9. Given, the lines ax + by + p = 0 and

7. Equation of line L passing through (1, 1) and x cos  + y sin   p = 0 are inclined at an
(2, 0) is

0 1 angle .
y–1= (x – 1) 4
2 1
a cos 
x+y=2 ….(i)  

 Slope of L = 1  tan  b sin 
4 1  a cos 
Also, slope of L = 1 ….[ L  L] bsin 
A  a cos  + b sin  = – a sin  + b cos 
x+y=2
.....(i)
x=0 C Also, the lines ax + by + p = 0,

2x  2y = 1 xcos  + y sin  – p= 0 and xsin  – ycos = 0

B are concurrent.

77
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

a b p
 cos  sin   p  0
sin   cos  0

 – ap cos  – bp sin  – p = 0
 a cos  + b sin  = – 1 ....(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
– a sin  + b cos  = – 1 ….(iii)
Squaring (ii) and (iii) and adding, we get
(a cos  + b sin )2 +(– a sin  + b cos )2 = 2
 a2 + b2 = 2

10. Slopes of AB and BC A(2, 7)

3 4x+y = 1
are – 4 and
4  
C B
respectively. 3x – 4y+1 = 0

Let  be the angle between AB and BC.

3
4 
Then, tan   4  19 .....(i)
3 8
1 4 
4
Since, AB = AC
 ABC = ACB = 
 the line AC also makes an angle  with BC.
If m is the slope of the line AC, then its
equation is y + 7 = m (x – 2) .....(ii)
 3 
 m 4 
Now, tan    
3
1  m. 
 4
19 4m  3
  ….[From (i)]
8 4  3m
52
 m = – 4 or –
89
52
But slope of AB is – 4, so slope of AC is  .
89
Therefore, the equation of line AC given by
(ii) is 52x + 89y + 519 = 0.

78
 Textbook
Chapter No.

07 Circle and Conics

Hints

Classical Thinking 10. Intercept made by the circle on the X-axis

2. Required equation is (x – a)2 + (y – a)2 = a2 = 2 g2  c
 x2 + y2 – 2ax – 2ay + a2 = 0 = 2 99 = 0
3. The equation of circle with centre (x1, y1) is  Intercept cut on X-axis is zero.
(x – x1)2 + (y – y1)2 = r2 Hence, circle touches X-axis.
since, the circle touches both the axes, 11. Circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 touches
x1 = y1 = r X-axis
 (x – x1)2 + (y – x1)2 = x12  radius = ordinate of centre
 x2 + y2 – 2x1(x + y) + x12 = 0  g 2 + f 2  c = (– f)
4. Since, the circle touches X-axis  g2 = c
 Radius = 2. 12. Required conditions are g = f = r and
 the equation of the circle is
(x – 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 22 g2 + f 2  c = r
 x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y + 1 = 0 g= c=f=r
5. Let O be the centre 13. Both axis, as centre is (– 2, 2) and radius is 2.
Y
14. Centre is (0, – 3) and radius = 02 + 9  0 = 3
O
X
O
(0,4) r
4 (0,–3)
X X
O 6

Y
Y
Now, from the figure Hence, circle touches X-axis at the origin.
Radius (r) = (4) 2 + (3) 2 = 5 15. Centre (3, 4) of the given circle is satisfying
6. Extremities of diameter are (5, 7) and (1, 4) only x + y = 7
Radius is half of the distance between them  Correct answer is the option (C)
1 16. Here, the centre of circle (3, – 1) must lie on
 Radius = (4) 2 + (3) 2
2 the line x + 2by + 7 = 0.
5  3 – 2b + 7 = 0
=
2 b=5
7. Using condition of point circle 17. Centre of the required circle is (– 4, – 5) and it
passes through (2, 3)
Radius = g 2 + f 2  c = 0
  4  2    5  3
2 2
 Radius =
 g2 + f2 = c
= 10
8. (Radius)2 = g2 + f2 – c
 Equation of the required circle is
 121 = 81 + 36 – k  k = –4
(x + 4)2 + (y + 5)2 = (10)2
9. If c = 0; circle passes through origin.  x2 + y2 + 8x + 10y – 59 = 0
79
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
18. The equation of circle in third quadrant 24. Parabola y2 = x is Y
touching the coordinate axes with centre symmetric about X-axis.
(–a, –a) and radius ‘a’ is
X
x2+y2+2ax+2ay+a2= 0 ….(i)
Since, line 3x  4y + 8 = 0 touches the circle
 perpendiular distance from centre of the circle
to the line = radius 25. S  (5,0)
3(a)  4( a) + 8 Therefore, latus rectum = 4a = 20
 =a
9 +16
26. Since, parabola y2 = 4ax passes through
a=2 ( 3, 2)
Substituting a = 2 in equation (i), we get
 4 = – 12a
x2 + y2 + 4x + 4y + 4 = 0
This is the required equation of the circle 4 4
 4a = – = ....[Taking positive sign]
3 3
2(1)   4 1
19. Radius of circle = = 27. Let the equation of parabola be x2 =  4ay
4 +1 5
2
Since, parabola passing through the point
2  1 
2 ( 4,  2).
 Equation is (x – 1) + (y + 3) =  
 5  ( 4)2 =  4a( 2)
1 a=2
 x2 + y2 – 2x + 6y + 10 =  equation becomes x2 = – 8y and
5
 5x2 + 5y2 – 10x + 30y + 49 = 0 latus rectum = 4a = 8

20. 4x2 + 4y2 = 9 1 1

29. y2 = 4. xa=
2 2 9 2 2 3
2
5 5
x +y = x +y =   co-ordinates of latus rectum are (a, 2a) and
4 2
(a,  2a)
3 
 x= cos , y = sin  1 2  1 2 
2 2 i.e.,  ,  and  , 
 5 5  5 5 
21. (x – 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 52
Comparing with (x  h)2 + (y  k)2 = r2, we get 30. x2 = – 8y
h = 3, k =  4, r = 5 a=2
 Parametric equations are So, focus = (0, – 2)
x = 3 + 5 cos , y = – 4 + 5 sin   Ends of latus rectum = (4, – 2),(– 4, – 2).
22. Given equation can be written as 31. y2 = 12x
(x2 + 2x + 1  1) + (y2 – 4y + 4 – 4) – 4 = 0  a=3
 (x + 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 32  abscissa is 4 – 3 = 1 and y2 = 12, y = 2 3
 h =  1, k = 2 and r = 3
Hence, points are (1, 2 3 ), (1, –2 3 )
 Parametric form of equation are
x = – 1 + 3 cos , y = 2 + 3 sin 
32. We have, y = 3x
x +1 According to given condition,
23. = cos  ….(i)
2 (3x)2 = 36x
y 3  x = 4 and y = 12
and = sin  ….(ii)
2  Required point is (4, 12)
Squaring (i) and (ii) and adding, we get
2 2 34. y2 + 2y + x = 0
 x +1   y  3   y2 + 2y + 1 = x + 1
  +  =1
 2   2  (y + 1)2 = – (x – 1)
 (x + 1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 4, Hence, vertex is (1, – 1), which lies in IVth
 centre is (– 1, 3) quadrant.

80
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
35. Vertex = (2, 0) 5a 2
 b2 = ….(i)
 focus is (2 + 2, 0) = (4, 0) 9
36. y2 = 4y  4x Given length of latus rectum = 5
 y2  4y + 4 = 4x + 4 2b 2
 5
 (y  2)2 =  4 (x  1) a
Comparing this equation with Y2 = 4aX, we  b2 =
5a
….(ii)
get 2
a = 1, X = x  1 and Y = y  2 From (i) and (ii), we get
Focus of the parabola is 81 2 45
 a2 = ,b =
X =  a, Y = 0 4 4
 x  1 =  1, y  2 = 0 4 x2 4 y 2
 x = 0, y = 2  Equation of ellipse is + =1
81 45
 focus = (0, 2)
b2 28
37. 2
Equation of parabola is x – 4x – 8y + 12 = 0 43. e2 = 1 – 2
=1
a 64
 x2 – 4x + 4 = 8y – 8
36 3
 (x – 2)2 = 8(y – 1)  X2 = 8Y  e2 = e=
Comparing with X2 = 4aY,we get a = 2 64 4
 Directrix is Y = – a  y – 1 = –2  y = – 1. x2 y2
44. + =1
38. The parabola is (x – 2)2 = (3y – 6) 112 112
Hence, axis is x – 2 = 0. 16 7
39. The given equation of parabola is a2 112 7 3
 e = 1 = 1 . =
x2 – 4x – 8y + 12 = 0 b2 16 112 4
 x2 – 4x = 8y – 12 2a
 x2  4x + 4 = 8y  12 + 4 45. According to the condition, = 3(2ae)
e
 (x – 2)2 = 8(y – 1) 1
Hence, the length of latus rectum = 4a = 8. e=
3
40. x2 + 5y = 0  x2 =  5y
46. Foci are (ae, 0)
On comparing with x2 =  4ay, we get
 According to the condition, 2ae = 2b
5
a=  ae = b ….(i)
4 2 2 2
Also, b = a (1 – e )
End points of latus rectum of the parabola are
 e2 = (1 – e2) ….[From (i)]
 5 5  1
(2a, a) =  ± ,  e=
 2 4  2
4 47. We have, ae = 1 and a = 2
41. Here, ae = 4 and e =
5 1
e=
a=5 2
Now, b2 = a2(1 – e2) Also, b2 = a2 (1  e2)
 16  1
 b2 = 25 1   = 9  b = 2 1 = 3
 25  4
x2 y2  Minor axis = 2b = 2 3
 Equation of the ellipse is + = 1.
25 9
49. 3x2 + 4y2 = 12
b2 x2 y2
42. Since, e2 = 1  + =1
a2 4 3
2
b2
    1  2
2 2b 2
 Latus rectum = =3
3
  a a
81
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
50. Here, a2 = 36, b2 = 49 56. Let S(1,  1) be the focus and P  (x, y) be any
Since, b > a point on conic.
 the length of the latus rectum Now, PS = e PM
2a 2 36 72 x  y +1
= =2 =  ( x  1) 2 + ( y +1) 2 = 2
b 7 7 1+1
1  x 2  2 x +1+ y 2 + 2 y +1 = x  y +1
51. We have, e =
2 Squaring both sides, we get
2b 2 2 2 4x – 4y – 2xy – 1 = 0
 Latus rectum =
a a

=  a 1  e2   2xy – 4x + 4y + 1 = 0
 1 57. 2a = 8, 2b = 6
= 2a 1   = a Difference of focal distances of any point of
 2
the hyperbola = 2a = 8
i.e., semi-major axis
58. The equation of hyperbola is 9x2  16y2 = 144
10
52. We have, 2ae = 10  a = =8 x2 y 2
25   1
16 9
8
2 2 2
Also, b = a (1  e ) a 2  b2 16  9 5
e=  
a 4 4
25
 b = 8 1 = 39  5 
64 Hence, foci are (  ae,0)    4  ,0 
 4 
2b 2 2×39 39
Now, Latus rectum = = = i.e., ( 5,0) .
a 8 4
53. Focal distance of any point P (x,y) on the 2
59. Since, e > 1 always for hyperbola and < 1.
ellipse is equal to SP = a + ex. 3
Here, x = a cos 
x2 y2
 SP = a + ae cos  60. – =1
25 25
= a(1 + e cos )
 Eccentricity = 2 as a = b.
54. 4x2 + 9y2  16x  54y + 61 = 0
 4x2  16x + 9y2  54y =  61 y2 x2
61.  =1
 4(x2  4x + 4  4) + 9(y2  6y + 9  9) = 61 k 2 k
 4(x – 2)2 + 9(y – 3)2 = 36 Also, a2 = b2 (e2  1)
( x  2) 2 ( y  3) 2 1
  =1   k = k2 (e2  1)  
= e2  1
9 4 k
Hence, the centre is (2, 3) 1 1
 e2 = 1   e = 1
k k
55. Distance between foci is 4 = 2ae
9 62. Vertices ( 4, 0)  ( a, 0)
 a2 =
4 a=4
b2 Foci ( 6, 0)  ( ae, 0)
Also, e2 = 1 + 2
a 6 3
e= =
16 b 2
7 4 2
  1 = 2  b2 =
9 a 4 63. The given equation of hyperbola is
Centre is (0, 4) x2 y 2
16x2 – 9y2 = 144   1
Hence, equation of hyperbola is 9 16
4  y  4
2
x 2
2b 2 2  16 32
 =1  L.R. = = 
9 7 a 3 3
82
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics

2b 2 2 4
64. Length of latus rectum = = =4 3 Critical Thinking
a 2
3 1. Radius = cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ + 8 = 3
66. Equation of hyperbola is 2. The point of intersection of 3x + y  14 = 0
x = 8 sec , y = 8 tan  and 2 x  5 y  18  0 is (4, 2).
x y
  sec ,  tan  Centre of the circle is (1, 2).
8 8
 4  1   2  2  5
2 2
 radius =
 sec   tan   1
2 2

 the equation of the circle is

x2 y 2
  1 (x  1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 52
8 2 82
 x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20  0 .
Here, a = 8, b = 8
Here, a = b 3. Given, OA = 3 and
 it is rectangular hyperbola OB = 4 Y
e= 2 3
 OL = and CL = 2
2a 2 B
 Distance between directrices = By pythagoras theorem,
e 3 
OC2 = OL2 + LC2 C ,2
28 4 2 
=  3 
2
2  OC2 =   + 22 2
=8 2 2 3/ 2
X
25 O L A
67. The given equation of hyperbola is =
4
9x2 – 36x – 16y2 + 96y – 252 = 0
Partially differentiating with respect to x, we get
5
 OC =
18x  36 = 0 2
x=2 3 
The centre of the circle is  , 2  and
Now partially differentiating with respect to y, 2 
we get 5
 32y + 96 = 0 radius = .
2
  32y =  96  y = 3
 the equation of the circle is
 Centre  (2, 3) 2 2
 3 2 5
68. Given equation of hyperbola is  x    ( y  2)   
2 2  2 2
5x – 4y + 20x + 8y = 4 2 2
 5(x2 + 4x + 4)  4(y2  2y + 1) = 4 + 20  4  x + y  3x  4y = 0
 5(x + 2)2 – 4(y – 1)2 = 20 4. Here, r = 10 (radius)
( x  2) 2 ( y  1) 2 Centre will be the point of intersection of the
  =1 diameters, i.e., (8, – 2).
4 5 Hence, required equation is
 a2 = 4, b2 = 5 (x – 8)2 + (y + 2)2 = 102
a 2  b2 45 3  x2 + y2 – 16x + 4y – 32 = 0
e=  
a 2 2 5. Let its centre be (h, k), then
69. t t
2x = e + e and 2y = e  et t h–k=1 ....(i)
 4x2 = e2t + 2 + e 2t ………. (i) Also, radius a = 3
and 4y2 = e 2t 2 + e2t ………. (ii)  Equation of the circle is
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = 9
Also, it passes through (7, 3)
4x2  4y2 = 4
i.e., (7 – h)2 + (3 – k)2 = 9 ....(ii)
 x2  y2 = 1
From (i) and (ii), we get
The equation represents hyperbola.
h = 4, k = 3
70. The equation is (x – 0)2 + (y – 0)2 = a2  Equation is x2 + y2 – 8x – 6y + 16 = 0
83
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
6. Centre is (– 4, 3) 12. We have the equation of circle
Radius = Distance between centres – Radius x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
of other circle = 5 – 1 = 4 But it passes through (0, 0) and (2, 1)
Hence, equation of circle is x2+y2+8x–6y+9= 0  c=0
7. Centre of the given circle is (0,  1) 5 + 4g + 2f = 0 ….(i)
 the required circle passes through (0, – 1). Also g2 + f 2  c = | g |
  0  1   1  2   2
2 2
r= f=0 ….[ c = 0]
Hence, the required equation is 5
 g=– ….[From (i)]
(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = ( 2 )2 4
 x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 3 = 0. Hence, the equation will be 2x2 + 2y2 – 5x = 0.
8. Centre of the circle 13. since, Xintercept = 2a
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 3 = 0 is C(2,3).
Since, it touches the Y-axis  2 g 2  c = 2a ….(i)
 r=2 Also, Y-intercept = 2b
Hence, required equation of the circle is  2 f 2  c = 2b ….(ii)
(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 22
On squaring (i) and (ii) and then subtracting
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 9 = 0 (ii) from (i), we get
9. Let centre of circle be (h, k). g2 – f2 = a2 – b2
Since it touches both axes, therefore h = k = a Hence, the locus is
Hence, equation can be (x – a)2 + (y – a)2 = a2 x2 – y2 = a2 – b2
But it also touches the line 3x + 4y = 4
3a + 4a  4
14. Let the equation of circle be
 =a x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
9  16
Now on passing through the given points, we
a=2 get three equations
Hence, the required equation of circle is c=0 ….(i)
(x  2)2 + (y  2)2 = 22 a2 + 2ga + c = 0 ….(ii)
 x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0 b2 + 2fb + c = 0 ….(iii)
10. Let the centre of the required circle be (x1, y1). solving equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
Centre of given circle is (1, 2) and a b
g=– ,f=–
r = 1  4  20  5 2 2
 radii of both circles are same. a b
Hence, the centre is  ,  .
 Point of contact (5, 5) is the mid point of the 2 2
line joining the centres of both circles.
x1  1 y 2 15. The equation of circle through points (0, 0),
 = 5 and 1 =5 (1, 3) and (2, 4) is
2 2
x2 + y2 – 10x = 0
 x1 = 9, y1 = 8
Point (k, 3) will be on the circle, if
Hence, the required equation is
(x – 9)2 + (y – 8)2 = 25 k2 + 9 – 10k = 0
 x2 + y2 – 18x – 16y + 120 = 0  k2 – 10k + 9 = 0
 k2 – 9k – k + 9 = 0
11. Equation of circle concentric to given circle is
 (k 1) (k  9) = 0
x2 + y2 – 6x + 12y + k = 0
Since, area of required circle = 2 (area of  k = 1 or k = 9
given circle) 16. Given, x = 2 + 3 cos 
 9 + 36  k = 2 9 + 36  15 i.e, x – 2 = 3 cos  ....(i)
 45 – k = 60 and y = 3  3 sin 
 k = –15 i.e., y – 3 = – 3 sin  ....(ii)
Hence, the required equation of circle is Squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii),
x2 + y2 – 6x + 12y – 15 = 0. we get
84
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
The co-ordinates of a point on the line (i) are 24. Given, line AB makes 0 intercepts on X–axis
(1 + r cos , 2 + r sin ) and Y – axis so, (x1, y1) = (0, 0)
6 4
If this point is at a distance form (1, 2), Slope of perpendicular =
3 3
6 4
then r =  Equation is y – 0 = (x – 0)
3 3
Therefore, the point is  4x – 3y = 0
 6 6  25. Let the equation of perpendicular bisector FN
1  cos , 2  sin   . of AB is x – y + 5 = 0 ......(i)
 3 3 
But this point lies on the line x + y = 4 A(1,–2)

6
 (cos  + sin ) = 1 or
3 F E
3 N M
sin   cos  
6 B(x1,y1) C(x2,y2)
1 1 3
 sin   cos   The middle point F of AB is
2 2 2
 x1  1 y1  2 
….(Dividing both sides by 2 )  ,  Which lies on line (i).
 2 2 
 sin(  45 )  sin 60o or sin 120
o
 x1 – y1 = –13 …..(ii)
  = 15 or 75 Also AB is perpendicular to FN. So the
product of their slopes is –1.
19. The slope of line x + y = 1 is –1.
y 2
 It makes an angle of 135 with X-axis. i.e., 1  1  1 or x1 + y1 = –1 .…(iii)
The equation of line passing through (1, 1) x1  1
and making an angle of 135 is, On solving (ii) and (iii), we get B(–7, 6)
x 1 y 1  11 2 
 r Similarly, C  , 
cos135 o
sin135o  5 5
x 1 y 1 Hence, the equation of BC is 14x+ 23y– 40= 0
  r
1 / 2 1 / 2 26. The equation of any line parallel to
 Co-ordinates of any point on this line are 2x + 6y + 7 = 0 is 2x + 6y + k = 0.
 r r   k 
1  ,1   This meets the axes at A   ,0  and
 2 2  2 
If this point lies on 2x – 3y = 4, then  k
B  0,  
 r   r   6
2 1    3 1  4
 2  2 Since, AB = 10
r= 2 k2 k2 10k 2
   10   10
4 36 36
 2   3  1
21.      1 or a   10k2 = 3600  k =  6 10
 3a   4  2
Hence, there are two lines given by
22. x cos  – y sin  = a(cos4  – sin4 ) = a cos 2 2x + 6y  6 10 = 0
11 3  7   cot 1  cot  2
23. Mid point   ,   (1, 2) 27.   tan 1
 2 2  1  cot 1 cot  2
Therefore, required line is
tan 1  tan  2
2  tan 1 = 1 – 2
y+2= (x – 1)  2x – 3y = 8 1  tan  2 tan 1
3
59
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
27. y2 + 8x  12y + 20 = 0 31. Distance between focus and directrix is
 y2 – 12y = 8x – 20 342 3
= =
 y2 – 12y + 36 = 8x – 20 + 36 2 2
 (y – 6)2 = 8x + 16 Hence, latus rectum is 3 2
 (y – 6)2 = 8(x – 2) ….[Since, latus rectum is two times the
 Vertex is (2, 6) distance between focus and directrix].

28. The given equation can be written as 32. Since, a = distance between tangent at vertex
(x – 4)2 = 1[y – (c – 16)] and latus rectum
Therefore, the vertex of the parabola is 8  (12) 4
 a= =
(4, c – 16). 1 +1 2
The point lies on X-axis. 4
 Length of latus rectum = 4a = 4  =8 2
 c – 16 = 0 2
 c = 16 33. y2 + 2Ax + 2By + C = 0
29. Given, equation can be written as  y2 + 2By + B2 = 2Ax  C + B2
4k  8  C B2 
y2 =  (y + B)2 = 2A  x   
x   2A 2A 
4  k
The standard equation of parabola is  C + B A 2

 focus    , B 
y2 = 4ax  2A 2 
k Equation of latus rectum is x =  a
a=
4 C + B2 A B2  A 2  C
= – =
k 2A 2 2A
 Equation of directrix is X + =0
4 34.
 u 2sin 2α u 2 
8 k  2g , 
x + =0 2g 
k 4 Y M 
But the given equation of directrix is x  1 = 0.
X
Since, both equation are same S
 u 2 sin 2α u 2 cos 2α 
8 k  , 
  =1  2g 2g 
k 4
 32  k2 = 4k  k =  8, 4 According to the figure, the length of latus
rectum is
30. Since, 9y2 – 16x – 12y – 57 = 0
u2 2u 2 cos 2 α
16 4 57 2(SM) = 2  (1 + cos 2) =
 y2  x  y  0 2g g
9 3 9
4 4 16 57 4 35. Given t = 2
 y2  y   x   2y2 = 7x
3 9 9 9 9
7

2
2  16  61   y2 = x
 y  = x+  2
 3 9  16  Comparing with y2 = 4ax, we get
this equation can be written as 7 7
4a = a=
4 2 8
Y2 = 4   X
9  the point is
Axis of the parabola is Y = 0 7 7 
P = (at2, 2at) =   4, 2    2  
2 8 8 
y– =0
3  7 7 
 P=  , 
 3y = 2 2 2 
86
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
y 41. Vertices ( 5, 0)  ( a, 0)
36. Here, = t and x – 2 = t2
2 a=5
2 Foci ( 4, 0)  ( ae, 0)
 y
 (x – 2) =    y2 = 4(x – 2) 4
2 e=
5
37. x = 2 + t2 and y = 2t + 1 9
2  b= a 2 1  e 2  = 25 =3
 y 1 ( y  1)
2
25
 t2 = (x  2) and t2 =   =
 2  4 x2 y2
Hence, equation is + =1
( y  1) 2
25 9
 = (x – 2)  (y – 1)2 = 4(x – 2)
4 i.e., 9x2 + 25y2 = 225
 Vertex is (2, 1) 42. Foci ( 5, 0)  ( ae, 0),
 ae = 5 ….(i)
x2 y2 a
38. + =1 Equation of directrix is x 
a2 b2 e
Since, it passes through (– 3, 1) and (2, – 2) 36
9 1 1 1 1 Given, x 
 + = 1 and 2 + 2 = 5
a 2 b2 a b 4 a 36
32 2 32   ….(ii)
 a2 = ,b = e 5
3 5 5
Hence, required equation of ellipse is  a = 6 and e = ….[From (i) and (ii)]
6
3x2 + 5y2 = 32
25
39. Let point P (x1, y1)  b = a 1  e2 = 6 1  = 11
36
2  9
 ( x1 + 2)2 + y12 =  x1 +  x2 y2
3  2 Hence, equation is + =1
2
36 11
2 4  9
 (x1 + 2) + y = 2
1  x1 +  43. Vertex (0,7) and directrix y = 12
9  2 b
 81   b = 7 and = 12
 9( x12 + y12 + 4x1 + 4) = 4  x12 + + 9 x1  e
 4  7
2 2 e=
x y 12
 5x12 + 9y12 = 45  1 + 1 = 1
9 5 Also, a = b 1  e 2
2 2
x y 95
 Locus of (x1, y1) is + = 1, which is a=7
9 5 144
equation of an ellipse.
4655
40. Foci = (3, – 3)  a2 
144
 ae = 3 – 2 = 1 Hence, equation of ellipse is
Vertex = (4, – 3) x2 y2
a=4–2=2   1 i.e, 144x2+95y2 = 4655
4655 / 144 49
1
e= x2 y2
2 44. Let the equation of ellipse be + =1
 1 2 a2 b2
 b = 2 1   = 3 = 3  It passes through (– 3, 1)
 4 2
Therefore, equation of ellipse with centre 9 1
 2
+ 2 =1
(2, – 3) is a b
( x  2) 2 ( y  3) 2 a2
+ =1  9 + 2 = a2 .....(i)
4 3 b
87
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

2 48. 16x2 + 25y2 = 400

Given, eccentricity is
5 x2 y2
 + =1
2 b2 25 16
 =1– 2
5 a 16 3
 e = 1 =
b 2
3 25 5
 2 = .....(ii)
a 5 5
Therefore, directrices are x =  or 3x = 25
From equation (i) and (ii), we get 3
32 2 32 5
a2 = ,b =
3 5 a 1
Hence, required equation of ellipse is 49. Given that, – ae = 8 and e =
3x2 + 5y2 = 32 e 2
8e
a=
2b 2 1  e2 
45. Given, = 10  b2 = 5a and 2b = 2ae
a 8.4 16
= =
b 2(3) 3
 e
a
16  1
Also, b2 = a2(1 – e2)  b = 1  
 b
3  4
 e2 = (1 – e2) ….  e  
 a 16 3 8 3
= =
1 3 2 3
e=
2 16 3
Hence, the length of minor axis is
a 3
b= or b = 5 2 , a = 10
2 50. 3x2 + 4y2 = 48
Hence, equation of ellipse is x2 y2
x2 y2  + =1
+ =1 16 12
2
(10) (5 2)2  a2 = 16, b2 = 12
i.e., x2 + 2y2 = 100 b2 12 1
e= 1 = 1
=
2a a2 16 2
46. We have, 2ae = 8, = 18
e  Distance between the foci = 2ae
a 1
 ae   4  9 =24
e 2
2 =4
a= 4× 9 = 6 and e =
3 2b 2
51. We have, = 2ae
Also, b = a 1  e 2 a
4 6  b2 = a2e
 b = 6 1 = 5 =2 5
9 3 b2
e= 2 ….(i)
x2 y2 a
Hence, the required equation is + =1
36 20 b2
2 2
i.e., 5x + 9y = 180 Also, e = 1 
a2
x2 y2  e2 = 1 – e ….[From (i)]
47. + +1=0  e2 + e – 1 = 0
2r r 5
x2 y2 1 ± 5
 + =1  e=
r2 5r 2
Hence, r > 2 and r < 5 5 1
 e=
2<r<5 2
88
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
47. Equation of line passing through point of 50. Equation of AD is
intersection of u = 0 and v = 0 is u + kv = 0 (x + y – 6) + k (x + 2y – 5) = 0
 (x + 2y + 5) + k (3x + 4y + 1) = 0  (1 + k)x + (1 + 2k)y – (6 + 5k) = 0 ....(i)
A
It is passing through (3, 2)
 (3 + 2  2 + 5) + k ( 3  3 + 4  2 + 1) = 0
E
2
 k=  H
3
 equation of line will be D
B C
2 2x + y – 4 = 0
(x + 2y + 5) – (3x + 4y + 1) = 0
3  (1  k)
 Slope of AD = m1 =
 3x + 2y – 13 = 0 (1  2k)
and Slope of BC = m2 = – 2
48. Equation of line through the point of  m1m2= –1 ….[ AD  BC]
intersection of lines 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and
3
3x – 5y – 5 = 0 is given by  k= 
4
(2 + 3k)x + (3 – 5k)y + (1 – 5k) = 0  From (i), equation of AD is
Slope of line is given by x – 2y = 9 .....(ii)
(2  3k) Similarly, equation of BE is
tan 45 =  2x – y = –12 .....(iii)
3  5k
By solving equation (ii) and (iii), we get
5 x = –11, y = –10
k=
2  H  (–11, –10)
 Equation of line is 19x – 19y – 23 = 0 51. Lengths of perpendicular from (0,0) on the
given lines are each equal to 2.
49. Required line should be
(3x – y + 2) + (5x – 2y + 7) = 0 …..(i)  b a 2  b 2 cosθ + 0  ab 
52. p1.p2 =  
 b 2
cos 2
θ + a 2
sin 2
θ 
 (3 + 5)x – (2 + 1)y + (2 + 7) = 0  
3  5 2  7   b a 2  b 2 cosθ  ab 
 y x …..(ii)  
2  1 2  1  b 2 cos 2 θ + a 2 sin 2 θ 
 
As the equation (ii), has infinite slope, [b 2 (a 2  b 2 )cos 2θ  a 2 b 2 ]
=
2 + 1 = 0 (b 2 cos 2θ + a 2sin 2 θ)
   1/2 b 2 [a 2  a 2 cos 2 θ + b 2 cos 2θ]
=
Putting   1/2 in equation (i) we have b 2 cos 2θ + a 2 sin 2θ
b [a sin 2θ + b 2 cos 2θ]
2 2
(3x – y + 2) + (–1/2)(5x – 2y + 7) = 0 = = b2
b 2 cos 2θ + a 2sin 2 θ
x=3
Alternate Method: k
53. Here, p 
The point of intersection of 3x – y + 2 = 0 and sec   cosec 2 
2

5x  2y + 7 = 0 is (3, 11)  k cos 2

and p 
….[By solving equations simultaneously] cos 2   sin 2 
The required line has infinite slope 4k 2
(i.e. parallel to Y - axis) and passes through  4p2 + p2 =
sec 2   cosec 2 
(3, 11).
k 2 (cos 2   sin 2 ) 2
 x = 3 is required equation. +
1
62
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
7 63. Conjugate axis is 5 and distance between foci
59. 2a = 7 or a = = 13
2
4 51  2b = 5 and 2ae = 13
Also (5, –2) satisfies (25) – (4) = 1 Also, b2 = a2(e2 – 1)
49 196
49 25 (13) 2 2
and a2 =  = (e – 1)
4 4 4e 2
7 25 169 169
a=  = – 2
2 4 4 4e
 option (C) is correct answer 13
e=
60. Centre (0, 0), vertex (4, 0)  a = 4 and 12
focus (6, 0) 5
 a = 6, b =
 ae = 6 2
3 Hence, the required equation of hyperbola is
e=
2 x2 y2
Also, b = a2 (e2 1)
2 – =1
36 25
= 20 4
x2 y2 i.e., 25x2 – 144y2 = 900
Hence, required equation is – =1
16 20
i.e., 5x2 – 4y2 = 80 64. Equation of hyperbola passes through (x1, y1)
2 2 2 2
3  x1  y1 = 1  x1  1 = y1
61. Given that, e = a2 b2 a2 b2
2
y2
 x1  a = y1  b = 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
foci = (± 2, 0) = (± ae, 0)
 ae = 2 a2 b2 a2 x1  a
4 2
a=
3 Now, b = e2  1
a2
16
 a2 = y12
9  = e2  1
Now, condition for eccentricity is x1  a
2 2

b2 = a2(e2 – 1) y12 +( x12  a 2 )

 e2 =
16  9  1 16  5  20 x12  a 2
 b2 =  =  =
9  4  9 4 9
x12  a 2 + y12 a 2  x12  y12
x y 2 2 e= =
Now, equation of hyperbola is
2
– 2 =1 x12  a 2 a 2  x12
a b
2
9x2 9 y x2 y2 4 65. Center of the hyperbola is midpoint of foci.
 – =1 – =
16 20 4 5 9 Hence, its center is (1, 5) also distance
between foci is 2ae = 10
2b 2 3 b2
62. Given, = 8 and = 1+ 2  5
a 5 a a=4 ….  e  
2  4
4 b
 = 2  a2 = 16
5 a
Now, b2 = a2 (e2 – 1)
 a = 5, b = 2 5
= a2e2 – a2 = 25 – 16  b2 = 9
Hence, the required equation of hyperbola is
Hence, equation of hyperbola is
x2 y2
– =1 ( x  1) 2 ( y  5) 2
25 20 – =1
i.e., 4x2 – 5y2 = 100 16 9

90
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
66. Let S(1, 1) be the focus and P(x, y) be a point 71. Squaring and subtracting, we get
on the hyperbola a2x2 – b2y2 = a2 – b2, which is the equation of
Now, PS = ePM hyperbola.
2x  y 1 1 1
 x  1   y  1 =
2 2
 3 72. 2x = t + and 2y = t –
2 1
2 2
t t
Squaring both sides, we get 1
 4x2 = t2 + 2 + 2 ….(i)
3 t
(x 1)2 + (y  1)2 = (2x + y 1)2
5 1
and 4y2 = t2 – 2 + 2 ….(ii)
On simplification, the required equation is t
7x2 + 12xy  2y2 – 2x + 4y  7 = 0 Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
4x2 – 4y2 = 4  x2 – y2 = 1
67. For ellipse, e < 1 and also e < 1 The equation is of hyperbola.
 e2 + e2 < 2 73. Multiplying both, we get
For parabola, e = 1 and e = 1 (bx)2 – (ay)2 = (ab)2
 e2 + e2 = 2 x2 y2
For hyperbola, e > 1 and e > 1  2 – 2 =1
a b
 e2 + e2 > 2 which is the standard equation of hyperbola.
Hence, it can be 3 in case of hyperbola.
2 4
68. 2 2
96x – 16y – 36x + 96y – 252 = 0 74. e2 = 1  b =
a 2 9
 x  2  y  3
2 2

 – =1 2
16 9 e=
3
X2 Y2 45
 – =1
16 9 2 9
and e2 = 1 + b = 1 + 4 =
 Vertices are ( X =  a, Y = 0) a 2 9 4
i.e., (x – 2 =  4 , y – 3 = 0) 3
 The vertices of the hyperbola are (6, 3) and (– 2, 3)  e =
2
69. (x + 1)2 – y2 – 1 + 5 = 0  ee = 1
( x +1) 2 y2 75. Centres of the circles are (0, 0), (– 3, 1) and
– + =1
4 4 (6, – 2) respectively. Line passing through any
y2 x2 1
Equation of directrices of – = 1 are two points say (0, 0) and (– 3, 1) is y = – x
b2 a2 3
b point (6, –2) lies on it.
y= Hence, points are collinear.
e
Here, b = 2, e = 1 +1 = 2 Competitive Thinking
2
Hence, y = 
2 1. Radius = Distance from origin = α2 + β2
y= 2  (x – )2 + (y – )2 = 2 + 2
 x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 0
70. Given, equation of hyperbola is
9x2 – 16y2 + 72x – 32y – 16 = 0 2. Centre (2, 2) and
 9(x2 + 8x) – 16(y2 + 2y) – 16 = 0 r= (4  2) 2 + (5  2) 2
 9(x + 4)2 – 16(y + 1)2 = 144
= 13
( x + 4) 2 ( y +1) 2
 – =1 Hence, required equation is
16 9
 13 
2
(x  2)2 + (y  2)2 =
2b 2 9 9
 Latus rectum = =2 =
a 4 2  x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y – 5 = 0
91
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
3. Let r be the radius of the circle. a b a 2 + b2
Given, circumference = 10 8. Centre is  ,  and radius =
2 2 4
 2r  10 Y
 r5
 the equation of the circle is
( x  2)2  ( y  3)2  52
 x2  y 2  4 x  6 y  12  0 a b
 , 
b 2 2
4. The centre of the circle which touches each
a X
axis in first quadrant at a distance 5, will be O
(5, 5) and radius will be 5. Hence, equation of circle is
 equation of the circle is x2 + y2 – ax – by = 0
(x – 5)2 + (y – 5)2 = (5)2
 x2 + y2 – 10x – 10y + 25 = 0 9. diameter = [4  (2)]2  [7  (1)]2

5. Since, circle touches the co-ordinate axes in = 6 2  82

III quadrant. Y = 10
 4  (2) 7  (1) 
O Centre   ,   (1, 3)
X X  2 2 
r
 equation of the circle is
(x  1)2 + (y  3)2 = (5)2
(–h,–k) r
If this circle cuts X-axis, then
Y (x  1)2 + (0 – 3)2 = 25
 Radius = – h = – k  (x  1)2 = 16
Hence, h = k = – 5  (x – 1) = 4
 Equation of circle is (x + 5)2 + (y + 5)2 = 25  x = 5, 3
6. Since, the circle touches  the points on X-axis are A(5, 0) and B(3, 0)
X-axis at (3, 0). Y  AB = (5  3) 2  02 = 8
 centre of the circle is (3, k).
Now, CA2 = CB2 10. Since, the centre always lies on the diameter.
B (3,k) Solving 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x  y  4 = 0,
 (3  3)2 + (k  0)2 (1,4) C
= (3  1)2 + (k  4)2 the co-ordinates of the centre are (1, 1).
X Given, circumference = 10
 k2 = 4 + k2  8k + 16 O A(3,0)
5  2r = 10  r = 5
 k=  the equation of the circle is
2
 the required equation of circle is (x  1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 52
2 2  x2 + y2  2x + 2y  23 = 0
2 5 5
(x  3) +  y   =   11. Centre of circle = Point of intersection of
 2 2
2 2
diameters = (1, – 1)
 x + y  6x  5y + 9 = 0 Now, area = 154
7. Since, the circle has centre at (1, 2) and line  r2 = 154  r = 7
x = y i.e. x – y = 0 as tangent, Hence, the equation of required circle is
(x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 72
 Radius of circle =
1   2   x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 47
1   1
2 2
12. 3x  y  4 = 0 ….(i)
1 x + 3y + 2 = 0 ….(ii)
= solving equation (i) and (ii), we get
2
2
(x, y) = (1, 1)
 1   Since, r2 = 154
 Area of circle =  ×   = 2
 2  r=7

92
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
7. Slope of line passing through (1, 0) and  3  (3 / 5)  2
1 0 1 y  x 
(4, 1) = =  5   (2 / 5)  5 
4  1 5  3x – 2y = 0
Slope of line perpendicular to the given line is
m=5 14. Since, the required line will be a line passing
Equation of line passing through (3, 5) and through A and B.
having slope 5 is y6 x 1
 =
y  5 = 5(x + 3) 6   4  1 3
 5x  y + 20 = 0  10x  10 = 2y + 12  5x + y  11 = 0
8. Midpoint  (2, 7) 15. Since, equation of diagonal 11x + 7y = 9 does
Slope of perpendicular = – 6 not pass through origin, so it cannot be the
 the required equation is y – 7 = – 6 (x – 2) equation of the diagonal OB. Thus, on solving
 6x + y – 19 = 0 the equation AC with the equations OA and
5 4  2 7 
9. Midpoint of given line segment  (2, 1) OC, we get A  ,   and C  , 
3 3  3 3
8
Now, slope of the line segment = = 1 C B
8
Slope of the required line segment is 1
 the required equation of line is y + 1 = 1 (x  2)
xy=3
O A
10. Midpoint  (3, 2). (0,0) 4x + 5y = 0
 the required equation is y  2 = 2 (x 3)
1 1
 2x – y – 4 = 0 Therefore, the midpoint of AC is  ,  .
2 2
11. The required diagonal passes through the Hence, the equation of OB is y = x
midpoint of AB and is perpendicular to AB. i.e., x – y = 0.
So, its equation is y – 2 = –3(x – 2) or
y + 3x – 8 = 0. 16. Point of intersection of x – y + 1 = 0 and
7x  y  5 = 0 is (1, 2)
12. Co-ordinates of the vertices of the square are Equation of diagonal passing through (1, 2)
A(0, 0), B(0, 1), C(1, 1) and D(1, 0). and (1, 2) is
y=1 4
B(0,1) C(1,1) y+2= (x + 1)
2
x=0 x=1  2x + 2 = y + 2
 2x – y = 0
A(0,0) D(1,0) Equation of another diagonal passing through
y=0
1
Now, the equation of AC is y = x and of BD is (1, 2) and having slope is
2
1 (1, 2)
y  1   ( x  0)  x + y = 1 1
1 y+2= (x + 1)
2
13. A(0,3) x=0  2y + 4 =  x  1
B(0,0) (1, 2)
 x + 2y = 5

 2 3 x+y=1 C(1,0) Point of intersection of 7x – y  5 = 0 and

D , 
5 5  1 8 
x + 2y = 5 is  , 
From figure, diagonal BD is passing through 3 3 
origin, therefore its equation is given by  Answer is option (C)
65
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
19. Y 24. Y

(2,3)
x = –a x=a
(1, k) k
B (–a, b) A (a, b)
y=b
k
X X X
O (1,0)
Y
Since, the circle touches X-axis at (1, 0). y = –b
 centre of the circle is (1, k) and radius = k C (–a,–b) D (a, –b)
 equation of the circle is (2 –1)2 + (3 – k)2 = k2
 1 + k2  6k + 9 = k2
5 Here, the diagonals AC and BD of rectangle
 k= ABCD are diameters of the circle passing
3
through the vertices A, B, C and D.
10
 diameter = 2k = Considering diagonal AC with end points
3 A(a, b) and C (–a, –b), we get
20. The equation of circle touching the coordinate Equation of circle in diameter form as,
axes with centre (a, a) and radius 'a' is (x – a) (x – (–a)) + (y – b) (y – (–b)) = 0
x2 + y2 – 2ax – 2ay + a2 = 0 ...(i)  x2 – a2 – y2 – b2 = 0
Since, line 3x – 4y – 12 = 0 touches the circle  x2 + y2 = a2 + b2
 perpendicular distance from centre of the 26. The given equation represents a circle,
circle to the line = radius if coeff. of x2 = coeff. of y2 and coeff. of xy = 0
3  a   4  a   12  a = 2 and b = 0
 =a
9  16 Also, it passes through origin.
a=3  c=0
Substituting, a = 3 in equation (i), we get 27. Here, g = 2, f = 3 and c = 13
x2 + y2 – 6x – 6y + 9 = 0  r= g2  f 2  c
This is the required equation of the circle.
 r = 4  9  13 = 0
21. The given equation represents a circle having
 option (D) is the correct answer.
line segment joining ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 ) as a
diameter. 28. Consider option (A),
 the coordinates of its centre are x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2by + 2b2 = 0
Centre = (a, b)
 x1  x2 y1  y2 
 , .  option (A) is the correct answer.
 2 2 
29. The given equation represents a circle,
22. By diameter form, if coeff. of x2 = coeff. of y2
the required equation is After solving the given equation , we get
( x  x1 )( x  x2 )  ( y  y1 )( y  y2 )  0 K 1 3
 K
 ( x  4)( x  12)  ( y  3)( y  1)  0 3 4 4
 x 2  y 2  8 x  2 y  51  0 30. The given equation represents a circle, if
23. Circle whose diametric end points are (1, 0) coeff. of xy = 0.
and (0, 1) will be of smallest radius. 1
 2k–1=0k=
 By using diameter form, equation of circle is 2
(x  1) (x  0) + (y  0) (y – 1) = 0 radius = (1) 2  (2) 2  3  2
 x2 + y2  x  y = 0
94
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
31. The given equation represents a circle, if 37. Given equation of circle is
coeff. of xy = 0. x2 + y2  4x  6y + 9 = 0
 h=0  x2  4x + 4 + y2  6y + 9  4 = 0
and (3) 2  (1) 2  k = 2  (x  2)2 + (y  3)2 = 4
 10 – k = 4  centre = (2, 3), radius = 2
 k=6 The diameter of this circle is a chord of circle
with centre O(1, 1).
32. Circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is concentric
with x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 20 = 0.
 centre is (1, –2) and
O(1, 1)
radius = (4  1) 2 + (2 + 2) 2 = 32  02 = 3
r
Also, r = g +f c
2 2
Q P(2, 3)
 3= (1) 2  (2) 2  c
 9=1+4c OP = (3  1) 2  (2  1) 2 = 5
 c=–4 QP = 2
 5 + 2  r = 3
2
1  r2 = 2

33. Here, g = , f = 0 and c = 0

4 Y
38.
1 
 centre (g,  f )   , 0  x = –2
4 
1 1
and r  00  A circle S
16 4
34. Let another end of the diameter be (x, y). X
Centre of the given circle is (2, 3). circle S1
Since, centre is the midpoint of the diameter C(2, –3)
3 x 4 y C1(–2, –3)
 2 , 3
2 2
 x = 1, y = 2
 (x, y) = (1, 2)
35. Let A(x, y) be the required point.
Y

P(1,0) Given circle S1, x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y – 12 = 0

X X
(1,2)  Its centre C1 = (–2, –3)
C radius, r1 = 5
A(x, y) centre of circle S, is C = (2, –3)
From the figure, we have
Y
Diameter, x = –2 of circle S1 is the chord of
given equation of circle is
circle S.
x2 + y2 + 2x + 4y  3 = 0
 In CC1A,
 Centre = (1, 2)
C1A = r = 5 unit
Since, C is the midpoint of AP.
 2  2    3  3 = 4 unit
2 2
 A= (3, 4) CC1 =
36. Here, the centre of circle (3,  1) must lie on  (CA)2 = (CC1)2 + (C1A)2
= (4)2 + (5)2 = 16 + 25 = 41
the line x  2by  7  0 .
 CA = 41 unit
 3  2b  7  0
b5  Radius of circle S is 41 unit.

95
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
39. Consider option (A)
x2 + y2 + 8x + 2y  8 = 0 1 1 1 2
Point (1, 3) is common to both circle and lies C1(1,0) P Q C2(–2,–4)
C
on above circle also
Since, point (1, 3) satisfies the equation of
circle in option (A) Hence, equation of the required circle is
 correct answer is option (A)  1 
2
8
2

 x     y   1
2

40. C1 : x2 + y2  6x = 0 ....(i)  5   5 
C2 : x2 + y2  6y = 0 ....(ii)  5 x  5 y  2 x  16 y  8  0
2 2

Solving (i) and (ii), we get 43. Let, P = (x, y)

x=y ....(iii)  according to the given condition
Substituting (iii) in (i), we get
y=3 x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  20 2
=
 x=3 x  y  2x  8 y  1
2 2 1
Point on circle is P(3, 3) and x 2 + y 2  2 x  4 y  20
3 3  =4
centre =  ,  x2  y 2  2 x  8 y  1
2 2  x2 + y2 – 2x – 12y + 8 = 0
2 2
 3  3 44. Equation of the tangent at (1, 7) to x2 = y – 6 is
 Radius = 3   3  
 2  2 2x – y + 5 = 0
Centre of the given circle is (– 8, – 6).
3
=
2
2x – y + 5 = 0
 equation of the circle is
2 2
 3  3 9
 x    y   = (–8, –6)
 2  2 2
2 2
 x + y  3x  3y = 0
41. Putting y = x in x2 + y2  2x = 0, we get
2x2  2x = 0 Perpendicular from the centre (– 8, – 6) to
 x(x  1) = 0  x = 0 or x = 1 2x – y + 5 = 0 is equal to the radius of the circle.
 y = 0 or y = 1 2  8    6   5
 = 82  62  c
 Points of intersection are (0, 0) and (1, 1). 2 2  12
These are end points of a diameter of required
5
circle.  = 100  c  c = 95
5
 equation of required circle is
(x  0) (x  1) + (y  0) (y  1) = 0 45. Let, x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 be the required
 x2 + y2  x  y = 0 circle.
This circle passes through (1, 0)
42. The centres of two circles are C1(1, 0) and  1 + 2g + c = 0
C2(–2, –4) and their radii are 1 and 2 units i.e. 2g + c = –1 …(i)
respectively. Also, this circle is orthagonal to the circle
Let C be the centre of the required circle. x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 1 = 0 and
Then, CP = CQ = 1. x2 + y2 + 6x – 2y + 1 = 0
 CC1 = 2 and CC2 = 3.  2g + 4f + c = –1 …(ii), and
Clearly, C divides C1 C2 in the ratio 2 : 3. 6g – f – c = 1 …(iii)
Therefore, coordinates of C are Solving, (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
 4  3 8  0   1 8  g = f = 0 and c = –1
 ,  =  ,  . 
 23 23   5 5 Centre = (–g, –f) = (0, 0)

96
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 1 According to the given condition,

31. Since, m1m 2  (2)    =  1 8 8
 2   (3) and  = 2
 the lines are perpendicular. a b
8
1  a   and b = 4
32. Here, m1 = 1, m2 =  . 3
k
For orthogonal lines, 38. The equation of a line perpendicular to
1 x  y = 0 is x  y + c = 0 .…(i)
m1m2 = 1  = 1  k = 1 Since, the line passes through (3, 2).
k
 –3  2 + c = 0
2 1  c=5
33. Here, m1 = and m2 =
3 k Putting c = 5 in (i), we get
for perpendicular lines x+y=5
m1m2 = 1
39. The equation of a line perpendicular to
2 1
  = 1 x + y + 1 = 0 is x – y +  = 0.
3 k Since, the line passes through the point (1, 2).
2  1–2+=0
k=
3 =1
34. m1m2 = – 1 Hence, required equation of line is
y–x–1=0
 k 3
  (2)  1  2k  6  2  k  4 Slope of y = 3x  1 is 3
24 40.
Y  Slope of line perpendicular to the above line is
35.
A 1
(0,b) m=
3
E (a/2,b/2) Equation of line passing through (1, 2) and
1
having slope (m) = is
C 3
X
(0,0) B D(a/2,0) (a,0) 1
(y  2) = (x  1)
From figure, 3
b/ 2  b   3y  6 = x + 1
     1  x + 3y  7 = 0
 a / 2   a / 2 
 a 2  2b 2  a   2b 41. The required equation passing through (1, 1)
3
36. Since, the point (4, 5) does not lie on the and having gradient is
2
diagonal 7x  y + 8 = 0, so point will lie on the
3
other diagonal. y  1 = (x + 1)  2(y – 1) = 3(x + 1)
Also, diagonals are perpendicular. 2
1 42. 5x  6y  1 = 0 …(i)
 Slope of other diagonal =
7 3x + 2y + 5 = 0 …(ii)
 equation of the other diagonal is On solving (i) and (ii), we get x = 1, y = 1
1 3
y  5 =  (x + 4)  7y + x = 31 Slope of line 3x  5y + 11 = 0 is .
7 5
37. The equation of lines in intercept form are 5
Slope of line perpendicular to above line =
x y 3
 1
8 / a 8 / b  Equation of line passing through (1, 1) and
x y 5
 1 having slope  is
3 2 3

68
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
59. Equation of parabola is y2 = 12 x 66. Equation of parabola
 a=3 y2 = 8x
Given y = 6  a=2
P(2t2, 4t) A(1, 0)
 substituting y = 6 in y2 = 12x, we get
 2t 2  1 4t + 0 
36 = 12 x Mid point = (x, y) =  , 
x=3  2 2 
Now, focal distance = |x + a| = |3 + 3| = 6 2x 1 2 y2
 = t and = t2
2 4
60. Given, y = 3x
y 2 2x 1  1
Substituting y = 3x in y2 = 18x, we get  =  y2 = 4  x  
4 2  2
(3x)2 = 18x
 9x2 = 18x 67. Eccentricity of parabola is always 1 i.e., e = 1.
 x = 2 and y = 6 68. Since, vertex is the midpoint of focus and
directrix.
61. Vertex = (0, 4), focus = (0, 2)
02 00
a=2  vertex =  ,  = (1, 0)
 2 2 
Hence, equation of parabola is
(x – 0)2 = – 4  2(y – 4) 69. y2  4y  x + 3 = 0
i.e., x2 + 8y = 32  y2  4y + 4  x + 3  4 = 0
 (y  2)2  (x + 1) = 0  (y  2)2 = (x + 1)
62. Given, vertex of parabola (h, k)  (1,1) and its Comparing with (y  k)2 = 4a (x  h), we get
focus (a + h, k)  (3, 1) or a + h = 3 or a = 2. h = 1, k = 2
The y-coordinates of vertex and focus are  vertex = (1, 2)
same, therefore axis of parabola is parallel to
X-axis.Thus, equation of the parabola is 70. x2 + 4x + 2y  7 = 0
(y – k)2 = 4a(x – h) or (y – 1)2 = 4  2(x – 1) or  x2 + 4x + 4 = 2y + 7 + 4
(y – 1)2 = 8(x – 1)  (x + 2)2 = – 2y + 11
 11 
63. Directrix = x + 5 = 0  (x + 2)2 = – 2  y  
 2
Focus is (–3, 0)
 11 
 2a = (5  3) = 2 Hence, vertex is   2, 
 2
a=1
71. The given equation of parabola is
 3 + (5)  y = 2x2 + x
Vertex is  ,0  = (– 4, 0)
 2  x y
Therefore, equation is (y – 0)2 = 4(x + 4)  x2 + 
2 2
i.e., y2 = 4(x +4) 2 2
 1 y 1  1 1 1
 x      x     y  
64. Let P(x, y) be any point on the parabola.  4 2 16  4 2 8
 SP2 = PM2 1
Let X 2  Y ....(i)
3x  4 y  1
2 2
 (x  5)2 + (y  3)2 = 1  1
9  16 Here A  , focus of (i) is  0, 
8  8
 25(x2 + 25  10x + y2 + 9  6y)
1
= 9x2 + 16y2 + 1  24xy + 6x  8y i.e., X  0 , Y 
8
 16x2 + 9y2  256x  142y + 24xy + 849 = 0
1 1 1 1
 (4x + 3y)2  256x  142y + 849 = 0  x 0, y   x   , y  0
4 8 8 4
65. Equation will be of the form y2 = 4A(x – a),  1 
 focus of given parabola is   ,0  .
where A = (a – a) or y2 = 4(a – a)(x – a).  4 
98
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
72. Given equation of conic 74. Given equation of parabola
x2  6x + 4y + 1 = 0 x2  2x + 3y  2 = 0
 x2  6x + 9 + 4y + 1  9 = 0  x2  2x + 1 = 3y + 2 + 1
 (x  3)2 + 4(y  2) = 0  (x  1)2 = 3(y  1)
 (x  3)2 =  4 (y  2)  vertex = (h, k) = (1, 1),
Comparing with X2 = 4aY, we get  1
a = 1, X = x  3, Y = y  2 focus = (h, k + b) =  1, 
 4
Focus of the parabola is X = 0, Y = a
 distance between focus and vertex
 x  3 = 0, y  2 = 1 x = 3, y = 1 2 2
 Focus = (3, 1)  1 3
= 0  1   =  
73.  4 4
Y 3
=
4
Q
R
75. x2 + 4x + 2y = 0
P
X  x2 + 4x + 4 = 2y + 4
A(5, 0)  (x + 2)2 = –2(y – 2)
1
 Equation of directrix is y – 2 = –
B(0, –3) 2
3
y=
2
 2y = 3
3 76. Given, equation of parabola is x2 + 8y – 2x = 7
Slope of AB =
5  x2 – 2x + 8y – 7 = 0
5  x2 – 2x + 1 + 8y – 7 – 1 = 0
 Slope of PQ =  (x – 1)2 + 8y = 8
3
5  (x – 1)2 = –8(y – 1)
 Equation of PQ: y = x+c  (x – 1)2 = –4  2(y – 1)
3
Here, a = 2
i.e. 5x – 3y = –3c
 Equation of directrix is y – 1 = 2 i.e., y = 3
3c
At P, y = 0  x =
5 77. y2 + 6y  2x = 5
At Q, x = 0  y = c  y2 + 6y + 9 = 2x  5 + 9
 3c   (y + 3)2 = 2(x + 2)
 P=  ,0  and Q = (0, c)  vertex = (2, 3)
 5 
1
y x5 Here, a =
 Equation of AQ: = 2
c 5
1
5 y  Equation of directix is x + 2 = 
i.e. c = ...(i) 2
x5
 2x + 5 = 0
y3 x
Equation of BP: =
3 3c 78. Given, x2 = 4y ….(i)
2
5 y = 4x ….(ii)
4
5x x
i.e. c = ...(ii)  = 4x ….[From (i) and (ii)]
y3 16
Since, lines AQ and BP intersect,  x4 = 64x
5 y 5x  x = 0, 4
 = Substituting the values of x in (ii), we get
x5 y3
y = 0, 4
2 2
 x + y – 5x + 3y = 0 is the required locus of R.  Other point is (4, 4).
99
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
79. x2 = 8y 82. Given, y =  x ….(i)
2
a=4 y = 8x ….(ii)
By internal division formula Solving (i) and (ii),
 t2  y the point of intersection are P(8, 8) and Q(8, 8)
P(x, y) =  t,  Y
 2 2
3 Q(4t, 2t ) P(8, 8)
t2 P (x, y)
 x = t, y = 1
2 x
O(0, 0) X X
 x2 = 2y O
80. y2 = –16x Q(8,8)
 a=–4
Y
1  Length of PQ = (8  8) 2  (8  8)2
t= … (given)
2 = 16
2
2 1 83. Given parabolas are y2 = 4ax ....(i)
 x = at = (– 4)   
2 x2 = 4ay ....(ii)
 x = –1 Putting the value of y from (ii) in (i), we get
1 x4
y = 2at = 2  (– 4)     4ax
2 16a 2
 y= –4  x( x3  64a 3 )  0
 The cartesian co-ordinates are (– 1, – 4).  x  0, 4a
From (ii), y = 0, 4a
81. Equation of the tangent at P(16, 16) is
x – 2y + 16 = 0 Let A  (0, 0), B  (4a, 4a)
Equation of the normal at P(16, 16) is Since, the given line 2bx + 3cy + 4d = 0 passes
2x + y – 48 = 0 through A and B.
Tangent and normal intersect the axis of  d = 0 and 8ab + 12ac = 0
parabola at A(–16, 0) and B(24, 0) respectively.  2b + 3c = 0 ….[ a  0]
AB is the diameter of the circle.  d2 + (2b + 3c)2 = 0
Centre of the circle is (4, 0).
y x2 y 2
84.  1
36 16
P(16, 16)
Here a2 = 36, b2 = 16
b2 = a2 (1  e2)
A(–16, 0)  B(24, 0)
 16 = 36 (1  e2)
x 5 2 5
O e= =
C(4, 0) 3 6
x – 2y + 16 = 0
y2 = 16x 85. 4x2 + y2 – 8x + 4y – 8 = 0
 4(x2 – 2x) + y2 + 4y = 8
2x + y – 48 = 0  4(x2 – 2x + 1) + y2 + 4y + 4 = 16
 4(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16
16  0 16 4
 x  1  y  2
2 2
mPC = = =
16  4 12 3  + =1
16  0 16 4 16
mPB = = = –2 which is an ellipse with a2 = 4 and b2 = 16
16  24 8
a2 4 12
4
  2   e = 1 2
= 1 =
b 16 16
tan  = 3 =2
4 3
1     2   e=
3 2
100
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
86. x2 + 2y2 – 2x + 3y + 2 = 0 90. We have, ae =  5
 3 9 1 
 (x2 – 2x + 1) + 2  y 2  y   =  3  5
 2 16  8  a =  5  ….  e  
 5  3 
2
 3 1
a=3
 (x – 1)2 + 2  y   =
 4 8  a2 = 9
2
 3  5
 y  Now, b2 = a2(1  e2) = 9 1    4
 x  1 +  4  = 1
2

  9
1 1 x2 y 2
Hence, equation of ellipse is  1
8 16 9 4
X2 Y2  4x2 + 9y2 = 36
 Comparing this with 2 + 2 = 1, we get
a b 2
 2  3a
1 1 91. b2 = a2(1  e2) = a2 1   =
a2 = , b2 =  5 5
8 16
Let the equation of ellipse be
1
x2 y2
b2 8 + =1
 e = 1  2 = 1  16 = 1  a 2 b2
a 1 16
9 5
8  2  2 1
a 3a
1
 e= 32
2  a2 =
3
87. Here, given that 2b = 10, 2a = 8 32
 b2 =
 b = 5, a = 4 5
x2 y2  the required equation of ellipse is
Hence, the required equation is + =1
16 25 3x2 + 5y2  32 = 0
88. Given, centre (0,0), focus (0,3), b = 5 92. Since point (–3, 1) satisfies equations in
Focus (0,3) options (C) and (D) writing them in standard
 be = 3 form, we have,
3 For option (C):
e=
5 x2 y 2
 = 1, here a2 > b2
9 32 32
Also, a = b 1  e 2 = 5 1  =4 3 5
25
x2 y2 For option (D):
Hence, the required equation is + =1 x2 y 2
16 25  = 1, here, a2 < b2
48 16
89. Given, foci = ( 2, 0) = ( ae, 0) 5
 ae = 2 Since, the ellipse has its major axis along Y-
1 axis,
and e =
2  a2 < b2
 a=4  Option (D) is correct
Now, b2 = a2(1 – e2)
93. Since, directrix is parallel to Y-axis, hence
 1 axes of the ellipse are parallel to X-axis.
 b2 = 16 1  
 4 Let the equation of the ellipse be
2
 b = 12 x2 y2
+ = 1, (a > b)
x2 y2 a 2 b2
Hence, equation of ellipse is + =1
16 12 b2
Now, e2 = 1 – 2
3x2 + 4y2 = 48 a
101
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
58. Here, the given lines are 63. The lines passing through the intersection of
ax + by + c = 0 the lines ax + 2by + 3b = 0 and
bx + cy + a = 0 bx  2ay  3a = 0 is
cx + ay + b = 0 ax + 2by + 3b + (bx  2ay  3a) = 0
a b c  (a + b)x + (2b  2a)y + 3b 3a = 0 …(i)
The lines will be concurrent, if b c a  0 Line (i) is parallel to X-axis,
a
c a b a + b = 0   =
b
 a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = 0 Putting the value of  in (i), we get
59. Dividing both sides of relation 3a+ 2b+ 4c = 0 a
ax + 2by + 3b  (bx  2ay – 3a) = 0
3 1 b
by 4, we get a  b  c  0 , which shows
4 2  2a 2  3a 2
that for all values of a, b and c each member  y  2b    3b  0
 b  b
of the set of lines ax + by + c = 0 passes
3 1  2b 2  2a 2   3b 2  3a 2 
through the point  ,   y     
4 2  b   b 
3(a  b ) 3
2 2
60. Since, lines x + 3y  9 = 0 , 4x + by  2 = 0, y 
and 2x  y  4 = 0 are concurrent 2(b 2  a 2 ) 2
1 3 9 So, it is 3/2 unit below X-axis.
4 b 2 = 0 64. Point of intersection of the lines is (3, –2)
2 1 4 2
Also, slope of perpendicular =
 1 (4b  2) 3 (16 + 4) 9 (4  2b) = 0 7
 b = 5 2
Hence, the equation is y + 2 = (x – 3)
 the required line passes through (5, 0) 7
Now, consider option (D) and x + 3y  9 = 0,  2x – 7y – 20 = 0
4x  5y  2 = 0 65. Slopes of the lines are 1 and –1
1 3 9 Y
 4 5 2 = 0
(1,1)
1 4 5
 option (D) is correct
45° 135°
X
61. Required equation of line which is parallel to O
x + 2y = 5 is x + 2y + k = 0 ….(i)
Given equation of lines are Since, the point of intersection is (1, 1)
x+y=2 ….(ii) Hence, the required equations are
xy=0 ….(iii) y – 1 = 1(x – 1)
Adding (ii) and (iii), we get 2x = 2  x = 1 66. The point of intersection of the lines
From (iii), we get y = 1  4 7 
 Point of intersection is (1, 1). 3x + y + 1 = 0 and 2x  y + 3 = 0 are  ,  .
 5 5
Putting x = 1, y = 1 in (i), we get k = 3
The equation of line which makes equal
 the required equation of line is x + 2y = 3. intercepts with the axes is x + y = a.
21 23 4 7 3
62. Point of intersection is y   and x     aa 
5 5 5 5 5
3(23)  4(21) 69  84  the required equation of the line is
 3x  4 y    3 3
5 5 x + y  = 0 i.e., 5x + 5y – 3 = 0
Hence, required line is 3x + 4y + 3 = 0 5
71
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
1 
2
3
105. Latus rectum = (major axis) y 
3 ( x  1) 2 

4
 =1
2b 2 2a 1 1
 =    
a 3 8  16 
 a2 = 3b2 1 1
 a2 = 3a2(1 – e2)  a2 = , b2 =
8 16
2 2 2
b = a (1  e ) 2
e=
3 1 1
 = (1  e2)
2b 2 16 8
106. Given, =b 1
a  e2 = 1 
b 1 2
 = 1
a 2 e=
b 2
1 2
 2 =
a 4 112. 4x2 + y2 – 8x + 4y – 8 = 0
b2 3  4(x2  2x) + y2 + 4y = 8
Hence, e = 1  2
=  4(x2  2x + 1) + y2 + 4y + 4 = 16
a 2
 4(x  1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 16
107. x2 = 9cos2 ( x  1) 2 ( y  2) 2
y2 = 16sin2  + =1
4 16
x2 y 2 ( x  h) 2 ( y  k) 2
  =1 Comparing with   1 , we get
9 16 a2 b2
7 h = 1, k = 2
 e=
4  centre of the ellipse = (1, 2)
Distance between foci = 2be = 2 7 113. Given equation of ellipse is
108. Let (x, y) be any point on ellipse. 25x2 + 9y2  150x  90y + 225 = 0
Then, by focus-directrix property of ellipse,  25( x  3)2  9( y  5) 2  225
1 x y3 ( x  3) 2 ( y  5) 2
( x  1)2  ( y  1)2    =1
2 11 9 25
 8(x + 2x + 1 + y  2y + 1) = x2 + y2 + 9
2 2 Since, b > a
 2xy  6y + 6x a2 9 16 4
 e  1  1  
 7x2 + 2xy + 7y2 + 10x  10y + 7 = 0 b 2
25 25 5
109. solving x + y – 3 = 0
x  y + 1 = 0, we get 114. x2 + 2y2 – 2x + 3y + 2 = 0
(x, y) = (1, 2)  3 9
 (x2  2x + 1) + 2  y 2  y  
110. Here, a2 = 9, b2 = 25  2 16 
Since, b > a 9
= 2 + 1 +
b2  a 2 25  9 4 8
 e= = = 2
b 2
25 5 2  3 1
 (x  1) + 2  y   
2  4 8
( x  1) 2  3 1 2
111. y  =  3
2  4 16 y+ 
4
 ( x  1) + 
2
2 = 1,
 3 1 1
 y 
( x  1) 2
4
  =1 8 16
 1 1 1 1
2    which is an ellipse with a2 = and b2 =
 16   16  8 16
103
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Also, b2 = a2(1e2) x2 y 2
118. We have, + =1
1 1 a 2 b2
 = (1 – e2)
16 8 b
1  y= a 2  x2 ….(i)
 e2 = 1 – a
2 1
1 Now, area of  PF1F2  (F1F2 )  PL
e= 2
2 P(x, y)
1
 (2ae)  y F1 F2
115. 25x2 + 4y2 + 100x  4y + 100 = 0 2 (–ae,0) O (ae,0) L
 25(x2 + 4x) + 4(y2  y) = 100 b
 ae. a 2  x 2 ….[From (i)]
 1 a
 25(x2 + 4x + 4) + 4  y 2  y  
 4  A = eb a 2  x 2 , which is maximum when
= 100 + 100 + 1 x = 0.
2
 1 Thus, the maximum value of A is abe.
 25(x + 2)2 + 4  y   = 1
 2
119. Vertices = (0,  15), foci = (0,  20)
2
 1 4
 y   b = 15 and be = 20  e =
( x  2) 2
2
  1 3
1 1 a2 = b2 (e2  1)
25 4
 16 
1 1 1 = 152   1
Here a2 = , b2 = , h = 2, k = 9 
25 4 2
= 175
1 1
  The equation of hyperbola is
b a
2 2
4 25 = 21
 e= =  x2 y2
b 1 5  =1
2 175 225
 Foci = (h, k  be) y2 x2
  =1
 1 21   5  21  225 175
=  2,   =  2, 
 2 10   10  120. Given, ae = 2, e = 2
 a=1
116. 5x2 + y2 + y = 8
Now, b2 = a2(e2  1)
1 1
 5x2 + y2 + y + =8+  b2 = 1(4  1)
4 4
2  b2 = 3
 1 33
 5x2 +  y   =  the equation of hyperbola is
 2 4
x2 y 2
2  =1
 1 1 3
2  y 
x 2
  1  3x2  y2 = 3
 33   33 
    121. Given: ae = 8, e = 2
 20   4
The equation represent an ellipse.  a= 4 2
117. Here, 2a = 10m and 2ae = 8m Now, b2 = a2(e2 – 1)
4  b2 = 32(2 – 1)
 e = , a = 5m  b2 = 32
5
Now, b2 = a2(1 – e2) = 9 x2 y 2
 the equation of hyperbola is  =1
b=3 32 32
Thus, required area = ab = 15 sq. metre.  x2 – y2 = 32
104
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics

2b 2 x2 y2
122. Given, ae = 8 and = 24 125.  1
a 12  k 8  k
 b2 = 12a x2 y2
Now, b2 = a2 (e2  1)   1
12  k k  8
 12a = a2e2  a2  12 > k and k > 8
 12a = 64 – a2  8 < k < 12
 a2 + 12 a  64 = 0  the given equation represents a hyperbola, if
a=4 ….[ a > 0] 8 < k < 12.
 b2 = 12(4) = 48
126. Consider,
 the equation of hyperbola is x2 – y2 + 3x – 2y – 43 = 0
x2 y 2 Comparing with
  1  3x2  y2 = 48
16 48 ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get
123. 16x2 – 9y2 – 64x + 18y – 90 = 0 3
a = 1, h = 0, b = –1, g = , f = –1, c = –43
 16 (x2 – 4x + 4) – 9 (y2 – 2y + 1) = 145 2
 x  2
2
 y  1
2
  = abc + 2fgh – af – bg2 – ch2
2

 – = 1, 9 177
145 145   = 43 + 0 – 1 + – 0 =
16 9 4 4
X2 Y2  0
Comparing with 2  2 = 1, we get Also, ab – h2 = –1
a b
X=x–2 , Y=y–1  ab – h2 < 0
145 145  x2 – y2 + 3x – 2y – 43 = 0 is the equation of
a2 = , b2 = hyperbola.
16 9
127. The given equation can be written as
b2 16 5 x2 y2
 e= 1 = 1
= – =1
a2 9 3 32 8
2
X Y2 3
Focus of the hyperbola, 2 – 2 = 1 is,
a b x2 y2
(X =  ae, Y = 0)  2
– =1
4 2 (2 2) 2
 145 5  
i.e. x – 2 =     , y – 1 = 0  3 
 4 3
4 2
5 145 a=
i.e. x – 2 =  ,y=1 3
12
 Length of transverse axis of a hyperbola
24  5 145
i.e. x = ,y=1 4 2 8 2
12 = 2a = 2  =
3 3
 24  5 145 
 Focus =  , 1
 12  x2 y 2
128.  1
9 4
x2 y 2
124.  2  1 is a hyperbola  k2 > 0  a2 = 9, b2 = 4
36 k
a 2  b2 94 13
y 2 x2 x 2  36 e=  
Now, 2  1= a 3 3
k 36 36
a
36 y 2
directrix of hyperbola is x 
 k2  2 > 0  x2  36 > 0 e
x  36
3 9
 x2 > 36  x x=
This is true only for point (10, 4). 13 13
 (10, 4) lies on given hyperbola. 3

105
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

85. Let point (x1, y1) be at distance 5 from According to the given condition,
x  2y + 1 = 0 | a  2b  c | | 3a  4b  c |
=
x  2 y1 + 1 a 2  b2 a 2  b2
 5= 1
1 4  3a + 4b +c = (a  2b + c)
 x1  2y1 + 1 = ± 5 ….(i)  a + 3b = 0 (taking +ve) ….(ii)
 2a + b + c = 0 (takingve) ….(iii)
Let point (x2, y2) be at distance 13 from
From, (i) and (ii), we get a = b = 0 which is not
2x + 3y  1 = 0 possible so taking (i) and (iii), (taking a =  b)
2 x2 + 3 y2  1 we get
 13 =
49 a + c = 0  c = a
 2x2 + 3y2  1 = ± 13 ….(ii) a : b : c = a : a : a = 1 : 1 : 1
 Equation (i) and (ii) will give us total 4 points. or a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
 answer is option (C) From (i) and (iii) (taking a = b), we get
3a + c = 0  c = 3a
86.
C a : b : c = a : a : 3a = 1 : 1 : 3
 option (B) is the correct answer.
Q 88. Here, the lines are 3x + 4y – 9 = 0 and
15
6x + 8y – 15 = 0 or 3x + 4y – = 0.
2
D
B(0, 2)  15 
9   
 2  3 3
 Required distance = = =
3 4
2 2
10 10
R

A(2, 0) 89. Given equation of parallel lines are

O (0,0) x  y + a = 0, x  y + b = 0
x+y=2 ab |a b|
 required distance = 
(1)  (1)
2 2
2
 2  0
2
l(AB) = l(RQ) =  (0  2) 2
90. Line L passes through (13, 32).
= 8 =2 2 13 32
  =1
1 0   1 0   2 2 5 b
l(OR) = = = 2  b =  20
11 2
x y
 Perpendicular distance (p) = OR + RQ So, equation of L is   1  4x  y = 20
5 20
= 22 2 Slope of L is m1 = 4.
=3 2 x y 3
Slope of  = 1 is m2 = 
a c 3 c
87. Slope of given line ax + by + c = 0 is  . 3
b  =4
a c
  =1a=b ….(i)
b 3
c= 
Distance of line ax + by + c = 0 from (1, 2) 4
| a  2b  c | 4x y
= Equation of line K is   =1
a 2  b2 3 3
Distance of line ax + by + c = 0 from (3, 4)  4x  y =  3
| 3a  4b  c | 20  3 23
= Distance between L and K is =
a 2  b2 16  1 17

74
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
138. Given equation of lines are 141. Eccentricity of ellipse x2 + 9y2 = 9 i.e.
3 x  y  4 3k = 0 x2 y 2
 =1
 3x  y  4 3k .…(i) 9 1
1 8
and 3kx  k y 4 3 0 (e1)2 = 1 – =
9 9
 k( 3 x  y )  4 3 x2 y 2
Now, eccentricity of hyperbola 2  2 = 1
4 3 a b
 3x y  ....(ii) is,
k
Multiplying equation (i) and (ii), we get b2 9
(e2)2 = 1 + 2 =
4 3 a 8
( 3 x  y) ( 3 x  y)  4 3 k  b 2
9 a2 8
k  2
= – 1  2
=
2 2
 3x  y = 48 a 8 b 1
x2 y2 x2 y 2
   1 , which is a hyperbola. 142. The equation of the ellipse is  1
(48 / 3) 48 4 1
Let e be its eccentricity.
139. Given equation of hyperbola is
1 3
x2  y2 + 1 = 0 Then, e = 1  =
 x2  y2 = 1 4 2


x2 y 2
  1
The foci of the ellipse are S  
3,0 and


1 1
a2 = 1, b2 = 1

S  3,0 . 
1 2
a 2  b2 11 Eccentricity of the hyperbola = 
e= = = 2 e 3
b2 1
2
4  a
 foci  (0,  be)  (0,  2 ), and  b2 = a2  1 =
centre  (0, 0) 3  3
Centre of circle  (0, 0), radius of circle = 2 The hyperbola passes through S  
3,0 .
 Equation of circle is x2 + y2 = 2. 3
 2
 0 = 1 a2 = 3  a = 3
x2 y2 1 a
140. Hyperbola is – =  the co-ordinates of the foci of hyperbola are
144 81 25
( 2, 0).
144
a= , 143. x – 3y = 1 ….(i)
25 2 2
and x  4y = 1 ….(ii)
81 On solving (i) and (ii), we get
b=
25  13 6 
A(1,0) and B   ,  
81 225 15 5  5 5
 e1 = 1  = = = These are the points of intersection of the
144 144 12 4
straight line and hyperbola.
 12 5   Length of straight line intercepted by the
 foci = (ae1, 0) =   ,0  = (3, 0)
5 4  hyperbola
 focus of ellipse = (4e, 0)  13   6 
2 2

Since, focus of ellipse and hyperbola is same =    1    

 5   5
 (4e, 0) = (3, 0)
2 2
3  18   6  324  36
e= =     
4  5   5 25
 9 360 6
Hence, b2 = 16 1   = 7 =  10 units
 16  25 5
107
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
144. Given equation of circle Let M = (x, y)
x2 + y2 + 2x  2y  2 = 0 Since, AM = 2AB
 (x + 1)2 + (y  1)2 = 4 AB 1
O(1, 1)  =
 centre = (1, 1), and AM 2
radius = 2 2  B is the mid point of seg AM.
OM 45 45  x y 3
sin 45 = A B  B=  ,
OA M 
2 2 
 OM = 2 Since, B lies on circle x2 + 4x + (y – 3)2 = 0
 locus of the mid-points of the chord is 2 2
 x  x  y3 
2
(x + 1) + (y  1) = 2
 2 2    + 4  + 
2 2  2
 3 = 0

 x2 + 2x + 1 + y2  2y + 1 = 2 x 2
y  6x  9
 x2 + y2 + 2x  2y = 0 i.e. + 2x + =0
4 4
145. i.e. x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y + 9 = 0
is the required locus of M.
(1, 2)
148. For given circle, x2 + y2  2ax  2ay + a2 = 0
r Centre = (a, a)
Also, radius = a2  a2  a2 = a
x+y+k=0
Y
Since, x + y + k = 0 touches the given circle.
1(1)  1(2)  k
 = radius
11 (a,a)
3 k a
   2  k = 1 or k = 5 a
2 X X
O
146. The diameter of the circle is perpendicular Y
distance between the parallel lines (tangents)
Now, 3x – 4y + 4 = 0 ….(i) The above circle touches x = 0.
6x  8y – 7 = 0 149. Given equation is x2 + y2  6x + 2y = 0.
7 Centre = (3, 1)
i.e., 3x – 4y – = 0 ….(ii)
2 Since, diameter is passing through origin and
Since, equation (i) and (ii) are parallel to each (3, 1).
other.  option (A) is the correct answer.
 7 150.
4 
 diameter =  2  = 15 = 3
(3)  (4) 2
2 25 2

C2 (h, k)
3 C1 (4, 4)
 radius =
4
147. M(x, y) Y
Given, x2 + y2  8x  8y  4 = 0
B 5
 (x2  8x + 16) + (y2  8y + 16) = 16 + 16 + 4
4
 (x  4)2 + (y  4)2 = 36
A(0, 3)
x2 + 4x + (y – 3)2 = 0 2
Equation of circle touching X – axis
1 (x  h)2 + (y  k)2 = k2
X
Since, both circle touches externally
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–1  distance between their centre = r1 + r2
–2
4  h  4  k = 6 + k
2 2

108
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
 (4  h)2 + (4 – k)2 = (6 + k)2 x2 y 2
155.  =1
 (4  h)2 = 36 + 12k + k2  16 + 8k  k2 16 12
 (4  h)2 = 20k + 20  centre of ellipse = (0, 0)
This is equation of parabola  centre of circle = (0, 0)
 answer is option (D)
y = 2x + 76 …(i)
151. Equations of tangents to the circle
x2 + y2 – 2x – 4y – 20 = 0 with centre A(1, 2), 2y + x = 8 …(ii)
At, B(1, 7) is y = 7 On solving (i) and (ii), we get
At, C(4, –2) is 3x – 4y – 20 = 0 8  2 76 16  76
x= , y=
These tangents intersect each other at 5 5
D(16, 7). Since (x, y) lies on the circle,
 Area of quadrilateral BACD
 radius = ( x  0) 2  ( y  0) 2
= Area of ABD + Area of ACD
2 2
1 1  8  2 76   16  76 
= (AB)(BD) + (AC)(CD) =     
2 2  5   5 
...[ ABD = ACD = 90]
= 2 7
1 1
 
2
= × (5) × (15) + × (5) × (15)  Equation of circle is x2 + y2 = 2 7
2 2
= 75 sq. units  x2 + y2 = 28
152. AB =  3  3
2
  3  5
2 157. Midpoint of (4, 0) and (0, 4) is (2, 2).
Distance between (2, 2) and centre (0, 0)
= 36  4 = 40 = 2 10
Centroid divides orthocentre and circumcentre in
= 22  22 = 2 2
the ratio 2 : 1. 158. PQ is a chord of contact.
Equation of PQ is
A B C
xx1 yy
AB : BC = 2 : 1 – 1 =1
3 9 36
AC = AB 3y
2 0– = 1  y = –12
36
=
3
2
 
2 10 = 3 10 y
1
radius = AC =
2
1
2
3 10 = 3
5
2
  T (0, 3)

153. Given, x + y = 0 ….(i)

x2 + y2 + 4y = 0 ….(ii)
x
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
x = 0, y = 0; x = 2, y = 2
 parabola passes through (0, 0) and (2, 2).
These points are satisfied by the parabola Q R P
y2 = 2x. y = –12
2
x y 2 Substituting y = –12 in 4x2 – y2 = 36, we get x =
154. Given equation of ellipse is  1 3 5
144 25
 a = 12, b = 5   
P 3 5,  12 , Q 3 5,  12 , T (0, 3)
2
b 25 119 PQ = 6 5 , TR = 15
Now, e = 1  2  1  
a 144 12 1
 focus = (ae, 0) =  
119,0
Area of PTQ =
2
 PQ  TR
1
=  6 5  15
0  119    
2 2
 Radius = 2 0 = 11 2
= 45 5 sq.units
109
 Chapter 06: Straight Line
 XQR = 60 1 
Equation of line L passing through  ,0 
 PQR = 120 2 
 PQS = SQR = 60  XQS = 120 and having slope 1 is
 Slope of QS = tan 120 =  3  1
y – 0 = 1  x 
 the equation of QS is y =  3 x i.e., 3x+ y = 0  2
 2x – 2y = 1 ….(ii)
6. Y Equation of Y axis, x = 0 ….(iii)
B From (i), (ii) and (iii),
C the vertices of the triangle are
 1   5 3 
A(0, 2), B  0,   and C  ,  .
 2   4 4 
a
 the area of the triangle is
/4 A(a cos , a sin )
X 
X 0 2 1
O
1 1 25
0  1  square units
Y 2 2 16
5 3
  1
Slope of OB = tan     4 4
 4 
  8. By solving 3x + 4y = 9, y = mx + 1, we get
 Slope of AC =  cot     5
4  x .
3  4m
 cos   sin  
=   Now, x is an integer, if 3 + 4m = 1, – 1, 5, – 5
 cos   sin   2 4 2 8
 m , , , .
sin   cos  4 4 4 4
=
sin   cos  2 2
Since, m = , do not give integral values
 the equation of AC is 4 4
sin   cos  of m.
y  a sin  = (x  a cos )  m has two integral values.
sin   cos 
 y(sin  + cos ) + x(cos   sin ) = a 9. Given, the lines ax + by + p = 0 and

7. Equation of line L passing through (1, 1) and x cos  + y sin   p = 0 are inclined at an
(2, 0) is

0 1 angle .
y–1= (x – 1) 4
2 1
a cos 
x+y=2 ….(i)  

 Slope of L = 1  tan  b sin 
4 1  a cos 
Also, slope of L = 1 ….[ L  L] bsin 
A  a cos  + b sin  = – a sin  + b cos 
x+y=2
.....(i)
x=0 C Also, the lines ax + by + p = 0,

2x  2y = 1 xcos  + y sin  – p= 0 and xsin  – ycos = 0

B are concurrent.

77
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics

x2 y 2 a 2  b2 Now, foci are (ae, 0), (ae, 0)

8. Eccentricity of 
a 2 b2
 1 is e 
a2 i.e.,   
7,0 ,  7,0 
Eccentricity of conjugate hyperbola is Centre of the circle is (0, 3)
a b 2 2
 radius of the circle is
e' 
b2
 
2
7  0   0  3 =
2
= 79 = 4
The given equation of hyperbola can be
written as
x2 y 2
x2 y 2 11. The equation of the ellipse is   1.
 1 4 1
1 1
Let e be its eccentricity.
3
1 3
1 Then, e = 1  =
Here, a 2  1, b 2  4 2
3
1
The foci of the ellipse are S  
3,0 and
1
 e' 
1
3  4 2 
S  3 ,0 . 
3 1 2
Eccentricity of the hyperbola = =
e 3
9. Let AB be the line of intersection of the two 2
circles 4  a
A  b2 = a2  1 = ….(i)
3  3

M
L
The hyperbola passes through S  
3 ,0 .
O C
3
 2
 0 = 1  a2 = 3
a
B Putting a2 = 3 in (i), we get
x  y  25
2 2
….(i) b2 = 1
x  y  8x  7  0
2 2
….(ii) Hence, the equation of the hyperbola is
Solving (i) and (ii), we get coordinates of A x2 y 2
  1 i.e., x2  3y2 = 3.
and B. 3 1
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get 12. Semi minor axis = b = 2
8 x  32  0  x  4 Semi major axis = a = 4
From (i), we get 16  y 2  25 x2 y 2
Equation of ellipse is 2  2 = 1
 y 2  9  y  3 a b
Thus coordinates of A and B are (4, 3) and x2 y 2
(4, –3).   =1
16 4
y 3 x 4  x2 + 4y2 = 16
 equation of L is   x40
33 4 4
13. Given equation of circle is
Also coordinates of centre C of second circle
x2 + y2  4x  8y  5 = 0
is (4, 0).
Hence, CM  Length of perpendicular from  Centre = (2, 4) and radius = 4  16  5 = 5
44 the circle is intersecting the line 3x  4y = m
C to the line L  0 at two distinct points.
1
 length of perpendicular from centre on the line
10. Here a2 = 16, b2 = 9 < radius
But b2 = a2(1  e2) 6  16  m
 5
 9 = 16(1  e2) 5
9 7 7  |10 + m| < 25
 e2 = 1   e=
16 16 4   25 < m + 10 < 25   35 < m < 15

111
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
14. Let P = (1, 0) , Q(1, 0) and A = (x, y) 16.
AP BP CP 1
Now, = = =
AQ BQ CQ 3 xy+2=0 xy2=0
AP 1
 
AQ 3
The lines x  y  2 = 0 and x  y + 2 = 0 are
 3AP = AQ  9AP2 = AQ2 parallel, and tangent to the circle.
 9(x  1)2 + 9y2 = (x + 1)2 + y2 Distance between them = diameter of the
 9x2  18x + 9 + 9y2 = x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 circle
 8x2  20x + 8y2 + 8 = 0 2  (2) 4
= = =2 2
5 1 1
2 2
2
 x2 + y2  x + 1 = 0 ....(i)
2 Let (h, k) be the centre of the circle.
Since, points A, B and C lies on the circle Since, x + y = 0 is the diameter.
 Circumcentre of ABC = Centre of Circle (i)  h+k=0
5   h = k ....(i)
=  ,0 
4  Now, perpendicular drawn from (h, k) to the
x  y  2 = 0 is equal to radius.
Y
15. hk2
  2
P(2,1) 2
V 1 V k  k  2
X
A 2 (4,0) X   2 ....[From (i)]
A 2 2
 2k + 2 = 2 k = 0
 h=0 ....[From (i)]
Y  required equation of circle is

 2
2
Given equation of ellipse is (x  0)2 + (y  0)2 =
x2 y 2
x2 + 4y2 = 4   = 1  a = 2, b = 1  x2 + y2 = 2
4 1
17. Centre of the given circle = C(2, 5)
 P(2, 1)
Let the required equation of ellipse is Radius of the circle CN = CT = g2  f 2  c
x2 y 2 = 2 2  52  7 = 36 = 6
 1
a 2 b2 Now, PC = 62  82 = 100 = 10
Since, the ellipse passes through (4, 0).
 a=4
(2, 5)
Also, it is passes through P(2, 1). N P(4,3)
C T
4 1
  1
16 b 2
1 1 We join the external point, (4, 3) to the
 2 1 centre of the circle (2, 5). Then PT is the
b 4
minimum distance, from external point P to
4
 b2 = the circle and PN is the maximum distance.
3 Minimum distance = PT = PC  CT = 10  6
x2 3 y 2 =4
 equation of ellipse becomes  1
16 4 Maximum distance = PN = PC + CN = 10 + 6
 x2 + 12y2 = 16 = 16
So, sum of minimum and maximum distance
= 16 + 4 = 20
112
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
18. General equation of circle 21. Let the coordinates of P and Q are
f(x, y) = (x  h)2 + (y  k)2  a2 = 0 (t12 ,2t1 ),(t 22 ,2t 2 ) on parabola y2 = 4x.
f(0, ) = h2 + (  k)2  a2 = 0 P(t12 , 2t1 )
 2  2k + k2 + h2  a2 = 0
Equation has equal roots (1, 1)
b O 90° R(h,k)
 Sum of roots =   2 = 2k  k = 1 X (0,0) X
a
Also, f(, 0) = (  h)2 + (0  k)2  a2 = 0
2  2h + h2 + k2  a2 = 0 Q(t 22 , 2t 2 )
1 2t  0 2
Equation has roots  = and 2 Slope of OP = 21 
2 t1  0 t1
b 5 5 2t 2  0 2
Sum of roots =   = 2h  h = Slope of OQ = 
a 2 4 t 22  0 t 2
5  Slope of OP  slope of OQ = 1
 Centre (h, k) =  ,1
4  2 2
  = 1  t1t2 = 4 ….(i)
t1 t 2
19. Here, y = x2  4x + 3
Let the coordinates of mid point of PQ are
 y + 1 = x2  4x + 4  y + 1 = (x  2)2 (h, k)
So, the vertex is (2, 1).  t12  t 22  2h ….(ii)
and for the circle, x2 + (y  3)2 = 9
t1 + t2 = k ….(iii)
Centre = (0, 3) 2
Now, (t1 + t2) = t1  t 2  2 t1t 2
2 2
Distance between vertex and centre
 k2 = 2h + 2(4) ….[From (i), (ii) and (iii)]
= 22  (4) 2  2 5
 y2 = 2x  8, which is required locus.
20. Given parabola is y2 = 2ax 22. According to the given condition,
 Focus (a/2, 0) and directrix is given by ( x  2) 2  y 2  ( x  2) 2  y 2  8 .…(i)
x = a/2 Squaring on both sides, we get
Since, circle touches the directrix. (x  2)2 + y2 = 64 + (x + 2)2 + y2
 Radius of circle = distance from the point
a  2  8 ( x  2) 2  y 2
(a/2, 0) to the line x  Y
2  4x = 64 + 4x  16 ( x  2) 2  y 2
a a
 X X  x 8 = 2 ( x  2) 2  y 2
2 2 (a/2, 0)
 Radius   a (–a/2, 0) Put y = 3 in (i), we get
1
 Equation of circle is Y x 8 = 2 ( x  2) 2  9
 a
2
Squaring on both sides, we get
x   y a
2 2
....(i) x2 + 64 + 16x = 4(x + 2)2 + 36
 2 
3x2 = 12
Also, y2 = 2ax ....(ii)
 x2 = 4
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
 x = 2
a 3a
x ,
2 2 23. Equation of auxiliary circle is x2 + y2 = 9 ….(i)
Putting these values in y2 = 2ax we get x y
Equation of AB i.e., AM is   1 ….(ii)
y   a and x = 3a/2 gives imaginary values 3 1
of y.  12 9 
Solving (i) and (ii), we get M   , 
 Required points are (a / 2,  a) .  5 5
113
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Y 26. Locus of the point P, if A and B are fixed and
PA + PB = constant, is an ellipse.
 12 9  M
 ,  B(0,1) We have, PA + PB = 4, which is a constant.
 5 5
X  Locus of the point P is an ellipse.
X
N O A(3,0)
27. Locus of the point P, if A and B are fixed and

APB  , is a circle with diameter AB.
Y 2
1
Now, area of AOM =  OA  MN But, we have PA2 + PB2 = constant.
2
 Locus of the point P is a circle.
1 9 27
=  3 = sq. unit.
2 5 10 28. y = 7x – 25 ....(i)
2 2
and x + y = 25
24. In the given figure, S is focus whose
coordinates are (ae, 0).  x2 + (7x  25)2 = 25
 x2 + 49x2 + 625 – 350x = 25
 ABS is an equilateral triangle.
50x2  350x + 600 = 0
1 3  x2  7x +12 = 0  x = 3, 4
 Area of ABS =  AB  OS  (side)2
2 4 Substituting x = 3,4 in (i), we get
1 3 y = 21 – 25  y = 4, y = 28 – 25  y = 3
  2b  ae = (2b) 2
2 4 Let A  (3, 4), B  (4, 3)
Y Using distance formula, we get
A(0, b)
AB = (3  4) 2  (4  3) 2

X X  1  49  50  5 2
O S

B(0,b)
Y
 ae = 3b ….(i)
2 2 2
Also, b = a (1  e )
2
 ae  2 2
  = a (1  e ) ....[From (i)]
 3
 e2 = 3  3e2
3
e=
2

x2 y 2
25. The auxiliary circle of the ellipse  1
a 2 b2
is x2 + y2 = a2
Area of this circle = a2
 a2 = 2  ab
 a = 2b
b2
Eccentricity of ellipse = 1 
a2
b2 3
 1 2

4b 2

114
 Textbook
Chapter No.

01 Sets, Relations and Functions

Hints

Classical Thinking 26. n(U) = 100

A = Students who play cricket, n(A) = 60
1. Adding 1 to even integers give odd integers. B = Students who play volleyball, n(B) = 50
6. A  B = A if every element of B is contained A  B = Students who play both the games,
in A i.e B  A n(A  B) = 28
9. There is no real number which is both rational  Number of students who play atleast one game
as well as irrational. = n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(A  B) = 82
11. A  B = {x: x  A and x  B} = A  B 27. T = Set of members who like tea, n(T) = 11
12. A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) C = Set of members who like coffee, n(C) = 14
 n(T  C) = 20
15. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}, B = {2, 4, 6, 8,…}
T  C = Set of members who like only tea
 A  B = {2, 4, 6, 8 ….}
and not coffee.
16. B = {2, 4, 6, 8,…}, C = {1, 3, 5, 7,…}  n(T  C) = n(T)  n(T  C)
BC= T  C = Set of members who like both tea and
17. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20,…..} coffee
B = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20,….}  n(T  C) = n(T) + n(C)  n(T  C) = 5
A  B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20….}.  n(T  C) = 5
 n(T  C) = n(T)  n(T  C) = 11  5 = 6
19. B  C = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
A  B = {5, 7}, A  C = {4, 8} 28. A  B = {(1, 0), (1, 1), (2, 0), (2, 1)}
A  (B  C) = {4, 5, 7, 8} 30. n(A  A  B) = n(A). n(A). n(B) = 3  3  4 = 36
(A  B)  (A  C) = {4, 5, 7, 8} 32. A = {2, 3}, B = {2, 4}, C = {4, 5}
 (B  C) = {4}
20. BC={}
 A  (B  C) = {2, 3}  {4} = {(2, 4), (3, 4)}
A  (B  C) = {2, 4, 5, 7, 8}
(A  B)  (A  C) = {2, 4, 5, 7, 8} 33. A  B = {3} and A = {1, 2, 3}
35. A  B = {1}, B  C = {4}
21. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10,…}, B = {5, 10, 15, 20,…}
C = {10, 20, 30, 40,…}  (A  B)  (B  C) = {(1, 4)}
and (A  B) = {10, 20, 30,…} 36. Since (a, 2), (b, 3), (c, 2), (d, 3), (e, 2) are
 (A  B)  C = {10, 20, 30,…} elements of A  B
 a, b, c, d, e  A and 2, 3  B
22. (A  B) = A  B
38. A = {a, b}, B = {1, 2, 3}
23. Since A and B are disjoint,  A  B = {(a, 1), (a, 2), (a, 3), (b, 1), (b, 2),
 AB= (b, 3)}
 n(A  B) = 0 B  A = {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2, b), (3, a),
Now n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(A  B) (3, c)}
= n(A) + n(B)  0  (A  B)  (B  A) = 
= n(A) + n(B).
39. (Y  A)  (Y  B) = Y  (A  B) = Y   = 
24. Since A, B, C are disjoint sets.
 n (A  B  C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) = 21 40. Dom (R) = {1, 2, 3}
42. Since x  x therefore R is not reflexive. Also
25. n(A) = 25, n(B) = 20 and n(A  B) = 35 x < y does not imply that y < x, So R is not
n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(A  B) symmetric. Let x Ry and y Rz. Then, x¸ y and
35 = 25 + 20  n(A  B) y < z  x < z i.e., x Rz. Hence, R is
 n(A  B) = 10 transitive.
115
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
35. Vertex = (2, 0) 5a 2
 b2 = ….(i)
 focus is (2 + 2, 0) = (4, 0) 9
36. y2 = 4y  4x Given length of latus rectum = 5
 y2  4y + 4 = 4x + 4 2b 2
 5
 (y  2)2 =  4 (x  1) a
Comparing this equation with Y2 = 4aX, we  b2 =
5a
….(ii)
get 2
a = 1, X = x  1 and Y = y  2 From (i) and (ii), we get
Focus of the parabola is 81 2 45
 a2 = ,b =
X =  a, Y = 0 4 4
 x  1 =  1, y  2 = 0 4 x2 4 y 2
 x = 0, y = 2  Equation of ellipse is + =1
81 45
 focus = (0, 2)
b2 28
37. 2
Equation of parabola is x – 4x – 8y + 12 = 0 43. e2 = 1 – 2
=1
a 64
 x2 – 4x + 4 = 8y – 8
36 3
 (x – 2)2 = 8(y – 1)  X2 = 8Y  e2 = e=
Comparing with X2 = 4aY,we get a = 2 64 4
 Directrix is Y = – a  y – 1 = –2  y = – 1. x2 y2
44. + =1
38. The parabola is (x – 2)2 = (3y – 6) 112 112
Hence, axis is x – 2 = 0. 16 7
39. The given equation of parabola is a2 112 7 3
 e = 1 = 1 . =
x2 – 4x – 8y + 12 = 0 b2 16 112 4
 x2 – 4x = 8y – 12 2a
 x2  4x + 4 = 8y  12 + 4 45. According to the condition, = 3(2ae)
e
 (x – 2)2 = 8(y – 1) 1
Hence, the length of latus rectum = 4a = 8. e=
3
40. x2 + 5y = 0  x2 =  5y
46. Foci are (ae, 0)
On comparing with x2 =  4ay, we get
 According to the condition, 2ae = 2b
5
a=  ae = b ….(i)
4 2 2 2
Also, b = a (1 – e )
End points of latus rectum of the parabola are
 e2 = (1 – e2) ….[From (i)]
 5 5  1
(2a, a) =  ± ,  e=
 2 4  2
4 47. We have, ae = 1 and a = 2
41. Here, ae = 4 and e =
5 1
e=
a=5 2
Now, b2 = a2(1 – e2) Also, b2 = a2 (1  e2)
 16  1
 b2 = 25 1   = 9  b = 2 1 = 3
 25  4
x2 y2  Minor axis = 2b = 2 3
 Equation of the ellipse is + = 1.
25 9
49. 3x2 + 4y2 = 12
b2 x2 y2
42. Since, e2 = 1  + =1
a2 4 3
2
b2
    1  2
2 2b 2
 Latus rectum = =3
3
  a a
81
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
13. A = {3, 4}, B = { 3, 4}, A  B = {4}  5 3
 A =  , 
14. B = {3, 4}, C = {3, 5}, B  C = {3, 3, 4, 5}  3 2
15. C = {1, 3, 5, 7,…}, D = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11,…}  3  3
Similarly, B = 1,  and C = 1, 
C  D = {3, 5, 7, 11,….}  2  2
16. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10,…}, B = {5, 10, 15, 20,…}, 3
A  B  C = 
C = {10, 20, 30, 40,…} 2
and (B  C) = {5, 10, 15, 20,…}
24. Let A  set of persons who take tea and
 A  (B  C) = {10, 20, 30,…}
B  set of persons who take coffee
17. n(A) = n(X) – n(A) = 19 n(A  B) = 50, n(A) = 35, n (B) = 25
n(B) = n(X) – n(B) = 14  n (A  B) = 10
n(A  B) = n(X)  n(A  B) = 5 Hence, n (A  B) = n (A)  n (A  B)
 n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(A  B) = 28 = 35  10 = 25
18. For any (a, b)  A  B, a  A and b  B. 25. P = Set of children who like pizza
Now (a, b) will belong to B  A only if a  B B = Set of children who like burger
and b  A and that can happen only if n(P) = 62, n(B) = 47, n(P  B) = 36
A  B  . But, in this case A  B = . (P  B) = Set of children who like pizza but
 (A  B)  (B  A) =  not burger
19. A  (A  B) = A  (A B),  n(P  B) = n(P)  n(P  B) = 62  36 = 26.
….[ (A  B) = A  B] 26. A = Set representing no. of consumers using
= (A  A)  B ….[by associative law] Brand A, n(A) = 15
B = Set representing no. of consumers using
=   B, ….[ A  A = ]
Brand B, n(B) = 20
= . A  B = Set representing no. of consumers
20. From Venn-Euler’s diagram, using both the brands, n(A  B) = 5
A  B = Set representing no. of consumers
U using atleast one brand.
 n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(A  B) = 30
AB

A–B B–A
27. Minimum value of x = 100  (30+20+25+15)
= 100  90 = 10.
 (A – B)  (B – A)  (A  B) = A  B 28. U = Universal set of all adults
21. From Venn-Euler’s Diagram, M = Set of all males, F = Set of all females
V = Set of all vegetarians
C
C–A U Total number of adults = 20
ABC
Total number of males = 8
 Total number of females = 20  8 = 12
A–B B–C
Total number of vegetarian = 9
A B
Total number of male vegetarian = 5
Clearly, {(A – B)  (B – C)  (C  A)}  Total number of female vegetarian = 9  5 = 4
= A  B  C.  Total number of female non-vegetarian
22. A = {4, 5}, B = {6, 7}, C = {7, 10} = 12  4 = 8
(B  C) = {7}  A  (B  C) =  29. C = Set of students who play chess
T = Set of students who play table tennis
23. A = {x/6x2 + x  15 = 0} M = Set of students who play carrom
 6x2 + x  15 = 0
 n(X) = 120, n(C) = 46, n(T) = 30, n(M) = 40
 (3x + 5)(2x  3) = 0
n(C  T) = 14, n(T  M) = 10, n(C  M) = 8,
5 3
 x =  or x = n(C  T  M) = 30
3 2  n(C  T  M) = n(X)  n(C  T  M) = 90
117
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
(C  T  M) = Set of students who play
chess, table tennis and carrom.
 n(C  T  M)
= n(C) + n(T) + n(M)  n(C  T)  n(T  M)
 n(C  M) + n(C  T  M)
 90 = 46 + 30 + 40  14  10  8
+ n (C  T 
 n(C  T  M) = 6
30. Since, y = ex, y = ex will meet, when ex = ex
 e2x = 1,
 x = 0, y = 1
 A and B meet on (0, 1)
 AB
31. Let A denote the set of Americans, who like
cheese and let B denote the set of Americans,
who like apples.
Let Population of Americans be 100.
Then n(A) = 63, n(B) = 76
Now, n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(A  B)
= 63 + 76  n(A  B)
 n(A  B) + n(A 
 n(A  B) = 139  n(A  B)
But, n(A  B)  100
 n(A  B)   100
 139  n(A  B)  139  100 = 39
 n(A  B)  39 i.e., 39  n(A 
Again, A  B  A, A  B  B
 n(A  B)  n(A) = 63 and
n(A  B)  n(B) = 76
 n(A  B)  63
Then, 39  n(A  B)  63  39  x  63
32. Since, 8n  7n  1 = (7 + 1)n  7n  1
= 7n + nC17n1 + nC27n2 + …..
+ nCn17 + nCn  7n  1
= C27 + C37 + …. + Cn7n,
n 2 n 3 n
(nC0 = nCn, nC1 = nCn1 etc.)
= 49[ C2 + C3(7) + …… + nCn7n2]
n n
 8n  7n  1 is a multiple of 49 for n  2
For n = 1, 8n  7n  1 = 8  7  1 = 0
For n = 2, 8n  7n  1 = 64  14  1 = 49
 8n  7n  1 is a multiple of 49 for n  N.
 X contains elements which are multiples of 49
and clearly Y contains all multiples of 49.
 XY
33. The given set is a cartesian product containing 6
elements. Only A  (B  C) contains 6 elements.
34. Here 1, 2, 3  A & 3, 5  B
 A  B = {1, 2, 3}  {3, 5}
 The remaining elements are : (1, 5), (2, 3), (3, 5)
118
35. Clearly, A is the set of all first elements in
ordered pairs in A  B and B is the set of all
second elements in A  B.
36. (1, 4), (2, 6), (3, 6)  A  B
 {1, 2, 3}  A and {4, 6} B
 A has 3 elements and B has 2 elements.
37. Number of relations on the set A = Number of
2
subsets of (A  A) = 2n , [ n(A  A) = n2].
38. n(A  A) = n(A). n(A) = 32 = 9
So, the total number of subsets of A  A is 29
and a subset of A  A is a relation over the set A.
39. Since, ( 1, 0)  A  A and (0, 1)  A  A
 ( 1, 0)  A  A   1, 0  A
and (0, 1)  A  A  0, 1  A
 {1, 0, 1}  A
41. R2  A  B, so it is a relation from A to B.
42. Number of relations from A to B = 2o(A).o(B)
43. Since, R = {(x, y)| x, y  Z, x2 + y2  4}
 R = {(2, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0 1) (0, 1),
(0, 2), (0, 2) (1, 0), (1, 1), (2, 0)}
Hence, Domain of R = {– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2}.
46. Since R is an equivalence relation on set A,
therefore (a, a)  R for all a  A. Hence, R has
at least n ordered pairs.
47. Let (a, b)  R
Then, (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R1
 (b, a)  R ….[ R = R1]
So, R is symmetric.
48. For any a  N, we find that a|a, therefore R is
reflexive but R is not symmetric, because aRb
does not imply that bRa.
49. The relation is not symmetric, because A  B
does not imply that B  A. But it is anti-
symmetric because A  B and B  A
A=B
50. The given relation is not reflexive and
transitive but it is symmetric,
2 2 2 2
because x + y = 1  y + x = 1.
51. R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12}
defined by y = x  3  x  y = 3
 R = {11, 8},{13, 10}.
Hence, R1 = {(8, 11), (10, 13)}
52. We have, R = {(1, 3); (1, 5); (2, 3); (2, 5);
(3, 5); (4, 5)}
1
R = {(3, 1), (5, 1), (3, 2), (5, 2); (5, 3); (5, 4)}
Hence, RoR1 = {(3, 3); (3, 5); (5, 3); (5, 5)}
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
53. f(x) = f(x + 1) 1 1 x 1
 x2  2x + 3 = (x + 1)2  2(x + 1) + 3 65. f (f (x)) =  
1  f (x) 1  1 x
 x2  2x = x2 + 2x + 1  2x  2  x = 1/2 1 x
54. f(x) = ax2 + bx + 2  x 1 x
 f(1) = a(1)2 + b(1) + 2 = a + b + 2  f [f (f (x))] = f   =x
 x  x  x 1
But f(1) = 3  3 = a + b + 2 a + b = 1 ….(i)
and f(4) = a(4)2 + b(4) + 2 = 16a + 4b + 2 x3
66. f(x) =
But f(4) = 42  42 = 16a + 4b + 2 4x  5
 40 = 16a + 4b  4a + b = 10 ….(ii)  3  5x 
  3
By solving, (i) & (ii) a = 3 and b =  2 t 3 4x 1 
 f(t) = =  =x
1 1 4t  5 4  3  5 x   5
55. f (x) = x +  f (x3) = x3 + 3  
x  4x 1 
x
3 67. (gof) (1) = g (f (1)) = g (4) = 8,
 1  1   1
 [f(x)] =  x   =  x3  3  + 3  x  
3
(gof) (2) = g (f (2)) = g (5) = 7
 x  x   x and (gof) (3) = g (f (3)) = g (6) = 9
3 3
 [f(x)] = f(x ) + 3f(x)
x 1 f ( x)  1 2x
1 68. f (x) =  =
 [f(x)]3 = f (x3) + 3f     = 3 x 1 f ( x)  1 2
 x
1  f ( x)
x=
1 1 1  f ( x)
56. a.f (x) + b.f   =  5
 x x  x  1 (  1)f ( x)    1
 f ( x) = =
1 1  x  1 (  1)f ( x)    1
On replacing x by , b.f (x) + a.f   = x  5
x  x
Solving two equations,  5  5
69. Given, (gof)     (fog)   
1 a  5  3  3
f(x) = 2 2   bx  
a b  x  ab   5     5  
 g f     f g   
3(2b  3a)   3    3 
 f(2) =
2(a 2  b 2 ) 5
= g(2)  f   = 2  1 = 1
58. As f (a) is not unique, 3
 f is not a function. 70. f(1) = f(1) = 1
 function is many-one function.
60. [x] = I (Integers only).  f is neither one-one nor onto.
61. Let f(x) = x2 + sin2x
Here, f(x) = f(x) 1
71. f(x) = > 0 x  [0,)
 f(x) is an even function. (1  x)2
and range [0,1)
62. If f(x) = 1  x  x 2  1  x  x 2 , then
 function is one-one but not onto.
f ( x) = 1 x  x 2  1 x  x 2
x2
 f ( x) =  f (x) 72. f (x) = ,x3
So, f(x) is an odd function. x 3
x2 2  3y
63. The general expression for the function Let y = f (x)  y = x=
x 3 1 y
satisfying f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y  R is
 y  1  Range of f (x) is R  {1}
f(x) = [f(1)]x = ax for all x , y  R. [ f(1) = a]
So, f is onto
64. f 1 (y) = {x  R: y = f (x)} For one-one, let f(x1) = f(x2)
 f 1 (2) = {x  R: 2 = f (x)} x  2 x2  2
 1 =  x1 = x2
= {x  R: x2  3 x + 4 = 2} x1  3 x2  3
= {x  R: x2  3 x + 2 = 0} = {1, 2} Hence, f is one-one.
119
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
6. Centre is (– 4, 3) 12. We have the equation of circle
Radius = Distance between centres – Radius x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
of other circle = 5 – 1 = 4 But it passes through (0, 0) and (2, 1)
Hence, equation of circle is x2+y2+8x–6y+9= 0  c=0
7. Centre of the given circle is (0,  1) 5 + 4g + 2f = 0 ….(i)
 the required circle passes through (0, – 1). Also g2 + f 2  c = | g |
  0  1   1  2   2
2 2
r= f=0 ….[ c = 0]
Hence, the required equation is 5
 g=– ….[From (i)]
(x – 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = ( 2 )2 4
 x2 + y2 – 2x + 4y + 3 = 0. Hence, the equation will be 2x2 + 2y2 – 5x = 0.
8. Centre of the circle 13. since, Xintercept = 2a
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y – 3 = 0 is C(2,3).
Since, it touches the Y-axis  2 g 2  c = 2a ….(i)
 r=2 Also, Y-intercept = 2b
Hence, required equation of the circle is  2 f 2  c = 2b ….(ii)
(x – 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 22
On squaring (i) and (ii) and then subtracting
x2 + y2 – 4x – 6y + 9 = 0 (ii) from (i), we get
9. Let centre of circle be (h, k). g2 – f2 = a2 – b2
Since it touches both axes, therefore h = k = a Hence, the locus is
Hence, equation can be (x – a)2 + (y – a)2 = a2 x2 – y2 = a2 – b2
But it also touches the line 3x + 4y = 4
3a + 4a  4
14. Let the equation of circle be
 =a x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
9  16
Now on passing through the given points, we
a=2 get three equations
Hence, the required equation of circle is c=0 ….(i)
(x  2)2 + (y  2)2 = 22 a2 + 2ga + c = 0 ….(ii)
 x2 + y2 – 4x – 4y + 4 = 0 b2 + 2fb + c = 0 ….(iii)
10. Let the centre of the required circle be (x1, y1). solving equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
Centre of given circle is (1, 2) and a b
g=– ,f=–
r = 1  4  20  5 2 2
 radii of both circles are same. a b
Hence, the centre is  ,  .
 Point of contact (5, 5) is the mid point of the 2 2
line joining the centres of both circles.
x1  1 y 2 15. The equation of circle through points (0, 0),
 = 5 and 1 =5 (1, 3) and (2, 4) is
2 2
x2 + y2 – 10x = 0
 x1 = 9, y1 = 8
Point (k, 3) will be on the circle, if
Hence, the required equation is
(x – 9)2 + (y – 8)2 = 25 k2 + 9 – 10k = 0
 x2 + y2 – 18x – 16y + 120 = 0  k2 – 10k + 9 = 0
 k2 – 9k – k + 9 = 0
11. Equation of circle concentric to given circle is
 (k 1) (k  9) = 0
x2 + y2 – 6x + 12y + k = 0
Since, area of required circle = 2 (area of  k = 1 or k = 9
given circle) 16. Given, x = 2 + 3 cos 
 9 + 36  k = 2 9 + 36  15 i.e, x – 2 = 3 cos  ....(i)
 45 – k = 60 and y = 3  3 sin 
 k = –15 i.e., y – 3 = – 3 sin  ....(ii)
Hence, the required equation of circle is Squaring and adding equation (i) and (ii),
x2 + y2 – 6x + 12y – 15 = 0. we get
84
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
12. n (S) = 10
Competitive Thinking  Number of subsets of S which do not contain
4. x2 = 16  x =  4 the element 6
and 2x = 6  x = 3 = number of subsets containing the remaining
There is no value of x which satisfies both the nine elements
above equations. Thus, A = . = 29 = 512
13. Since 2m  2n  56  8  7  23  7
5. |2x + 3| < 7  7 < 2x +3 < 7
 10 < 2x < 4  5 < x < 2  0 < x + 5 < 7  2n (2m  n  1)  23  7
6. Case I: 0  x < 9  n = 3 and 2m  n = 8 = 23
2 3  x  + x  x  6 + 6 = 0 mn=3m3=3 m=6
 m = 6, n = 3
 x
2
 – 8 x + 12 = 0
 x = 6, 2
14.  
30
O(S) = O  Ai 
i 1
1
10
(5  30)  15
 x = 36, 4  x = 4 Since, element in the union S belongs to 10 of Ai' s
Case II: x  9
n  3n n
  
2 x  3 + x x 6 + 6 = 0  Also, O(S) = O   B j  
 j 1  9 3


 x
2
 –4 x =0 n
  15  n  45
 x = 0, 4 3
 x = 0, 16  x = 16 15. A  (A  B) = A  (A  Bc)c = A  (Ac  B)
 S contains exactly two elements. =   (A  B) = A  B
7. The number of non- empty subsets = 2n  1
16. A = B  C, B = C  A
= 24  1 ....[ n = 4]
 A, B are equivalent sets.
= 15.
….[ A and B are interchangeable
8. Power set is the set of all subsets.
n(A) = 5  n(P(A)) = 25 = 32 in both equations]

9. A = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …..} 18. AX=BX=

B = {6, 12, 18, 24, 30, …….}  A and X, B and X are disjoint sets
 A  B = {12, 24,…}= {x : x is a multiple of 12}. Also, A  X = B  X  A = B
10. Given set is {(a, b) : 2a2 + 3b2 = 35, a, b  Z} 19. If A  B, then A  B = B
We can see that, 2(2)2 + 3(3)2 = 35
 n(A  B) = n(B) = 6
and 2(4)2 + 3(1)2 = 35
 (2, 3), (2, –3), (–2, –3), (–2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 1), 20. n[(A  B)  A]
(–4, –1), (–4, 1) are 8 elements of the set. = n[(A  B)  A]
 n = 8. ….[By DeMorgan’s law]
11. Let, S = {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10} = n(A  A)  n(B  A)
 A = {(x, y) : x, y  S, x  y} ….[By distributive law]
 A = {(a1, a1), (a1, a2), (a1, a3), ... (a1, a10), = n(A)  n(A  B) = 8  2 = 6
(a2, a1), (a2, a2), (a2, a3), ... (a2, a10),
21. A = {x | x is a root of x2  1 = 0}
.
. = {x | x is a root of (x  1)(x + 1) = 0}
.  x = 1
(a10, a1), (a10, a2), (a10, a3), ... (a10, a10)} B = {x | x is a root of x2  2x + 1 = 0}
 x  y, removing groups with same elements = {x | x is a root of (x  1)2 = 0}
i.e. (a1, a1), (a2, a2) ... (a10, a10), we get x=1
n(A) = 9 × 10 = 90 AB=A
121
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
22. Since, 4n – 3n – 1 = (3 + 1)n – 3n –1 29. A B U
= 3n + n C1  3n 1  n C2  3 n  2
+ … + n Cn 1  3  n C n  3n  1
= n C 2 32  n C3  33  ...  n C n  33
…  n C0  n C n , n C1  n C n 1 , etc.
Since, A – B = A – (A  B)
= 9  n C 2  n C3  3  ...  n C n  3n 1 
and B – A = B  (A  B)
 42 –3n – 1 is a multiple of 9 for n  2. Option (D) is the correct answer.
for n = 1, 4n – 3n – 1 = 4 – 3 – 1 = 0,
for n = 2, 4n – 3n – 1 = 16 – 6 – 1 = 9, 30. i. ABC
 4n –3n –1 is a multiple of 9 for all n  N. U
 X contains elements, which are multiples of 9, A B
and clearly Y contains all multiples of 9.
 X  Y i.e. X  Y = X C
23. N5  N7 = N35,
[ 5 and 7 are relatively prime numbers].
ii. (A  Bc  Cc)
24. U
(A  B) A B
B–A

 (B – A)  (A  B) = 
iii. (A  Bc  Cc)c
25. n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(A  B)
= 12 + 9  4 = 17 U
A BB
Now, n((A  B)c) = n(U)  n(A  B)
= 20  17 = 3
26. n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(A  B) CC
= 200 + 300  100
= 400 iv. Cc
 n(A  B) = n(U)  n(A  B) U
= 700  400 = 300 A B

27. n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)

C
= 3 + 6  n(A  B)
Since, maximum number of elements in
AB=3
v. (A  B  C)(A  Bc  Cc)cCc = B  Cc
 Minimum number of elements in
AB=93=6 U
A B
28. (A  B)C  (AC B)
= (AC  BC)  (AC B) C
= AC  (BC  B)
= AC  U = AC

122

31. A  B = A  (A  B) is correct.
A = (A  B)  (A  B) is correct.
(3) is false.
A B
 (1) and (2) are true.
A–B A – (A  B)
32. n(A – B) = n(A)  n(A  B) = 25  10 = 15
33. n(X) = 60, n(C) = 25, n(T) = 20, n(C  T) = 10
 n (C  T) = n (C) + n (T) – n (C  T)
= 25 + 20 – 10 = 35
 n (C  T) = n (X) – n (C  T) = 60 – 35 = 25
34. n(X  Y) = 12 and these are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10,
20, 25, 40, 50, 100, 200
35. Let number of newspapers be x. If every
students reads one newspaper, the number of
students would be x(60) = 60x
Since, every students reads 5 newspapers
x  60
 Numbers of students = = 300, x = 25
5
36. E : English speakers
H : Hindi speakers
n(H  E) = n(H) + n(E)  n(H  E)
= 50 + 20  10 = 60
37. n(M alone)
= n(M)  n(M  C)  n(M  P)  n(M  P  C)
M P
C = n(A) – [n(A  B) + n(A  C)
= 100  28  30 + 18 = 60
38. n(C) = 224, n(H) = 240, n(B) = 336
n(H  B) = 64, n(B  C) = 80
n(H  C) = 40, n(C  H  B) = 24
n(Cc  Hc  Bc) = n(C  H  B)c]
= n(U)  n(C  H  B)
= 800  [n(C) + n(H) + n(B)  n(H  C)
 n(H  B)  n(C  B) + n(C  H  B)]
= 800  [224 +240 + 336  64  80  40 + 24]
Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
39. Given n(N) = 12, n(P) = 16, n(H) = 18,
n(N  P  H) = 30 and n(N  P  H) = 0
From, n(N  P  H)
= n(N) + n(P) + n(H)  n(N  P) n(P  H)
n(N  H) + n( N  P  H)
 n(N  P) + n(P  H) + n(N  H) = 16
Now, number of pupils taking two subjects
= n(N  P) + n(P  H) + n(N  H)
 3n(N  P  H)
= 16  0 = 16.
40. n(S P D) = 265, n(S) = 200, n(D) = 110,
n(P) = 55, n(S D) = 60, n(S P) = 30,
n(S D P) = 10,
n(S P D) = n(S) + n(D) + n(P) – n(S D)
– n(D P) – n(P S) + n(S D P)
 265 = 200 + 110 + 55 – 60 – 30
– n(P D) + 10
 n(P D) = 285 – 265 = 20
 n(P D) – n(P D S) = 20 – 10 = 10
41. n(A) = 40% of 10,000 = 4,000
n(B) = 20% of 10,000 = 2,000
n(C) = 10% of 10,000 = 1,000
n (A  B) = 5% of 10,000 = 500
n (B  C) = 3% of 10,000 = 300
n(C  A) = 4% of 10,000 = 400
n(A  B  C) = 2% of 10,000 = 200
We want to find,
n(A  Bc  Cc) = n[A  (B  C)c]
= n(A) – n[A  (B  C)]
= n(A) – n[(A  B)  (A  C)]
– n(A  B  C)]
= 4000 – [500 + 400 – 200]
= 4000 – 700 = 3300.
42. Since, y = ex and y = x do not meet for any x  R
 AB=
43. | a – 5 | < 1 and | b – 5 | < 1
 4 < a < 6 and 4 < b < 6
4(a – 6)2 + 9(b – 5)2  36
 a  6  +  b  5  1
2 2


= 800  640 = 160 9 4

123
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
b 47. R = A  B.

b= 6 48. A  B = {a}, B  C = {c, d}

H G  (A  B)  (B  C) = {a}  {c, d}
b= 4 E F = {(a, c), (a, d)}

a= 4 a= 6 49. R  (Pc  Qc )c  R  [(Pc )c  (Qc )c ]

= R  (P  Q)  (R  P)  (R  Q)
a
O
50. A = {2, 4, 6}; B = {2, 3, 5}
 A  B contains 3  3 = 9 elements.
Set A represents square EFGH and Hence, number of relations from A to B = 29.
Set B represents an ellipse.
AB 51. n((A  B)  (B  A)) = n2 = 992.
44. A = Set of all values (x, y) : x2 + y2 = 25 = 52 52. n(A) = 4, n(B) = 2
2 2  n(A  B) = 4  2 = 8
x y
2

2
1 Required numbers = 8C3 + 8C4 + …. + 8C8
(12) (4)
= 28  (8C0 + 8C1 + 8C2)
= 256  37
x2 + y2 = 52 = 219

x2 y2 x2 y2 53. In option (D), ordered pair (a, d)  A  B.

B=   1 i.e., + 1 Thus it is not a relation from A to B.
144 16 (12)2 (4) 2
Clearly, A  B consists of four points. 54. A relation is equivalence if it is reflexive,
symmetric and transitive.
45. Let the original set contains (2n + 1) elements,
then subsets of this set containing more than n 56. Total number of reflexive relations in a set
elements, i.e., subsets containing (n + 1) with n elements = 2n.
elements, (n + 2) elements, ……. (2n + 1) Therefore, total number of reflexive relation
elements. set with 4 elements = 24.
 Required number of subsets
= 2n 1 Cn 1  2n 1Cn  2  ....  2n 1C2n  2n 1C2n 1 57. x2  4x2 + 3x2 = 0
= 2n 1 Cn  2n 1Cn 1  ...  2n 1C1  2n 1C0  xRx  Reflexive
= 2n 1 C0  2n 1C1  2n 1C2  ...  2n 1Cn 1  2n 1Cn 58. Given A = {2, 4, 6, 8};
1 1 R = {(2, 4)(4, 2) (4, 6) (6, 4)}
= (1  1) 2n 1  = [22n 1 ]  22n .
2 2 (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R and also R1 = R.
Hence, R is symmetric.
46. Since, 4n  3n  1 = (3 + 1)n  3n  1
= 3n + nC13n1 + nC23n2 + ….. + 59. For any a  N, we find a|a, therefore R is
n
Cn13 + nCn  3n 1 reflexive.
= C23 + C3.3 + …… + Cn3n
n 2 n 3 n
But, R is not symmetric, because aRb does not
....[nC0 = nCn, nC1 = nCn1 etc] imply that bRa.
= 9[nC2 + nC3(3) + …… + nCn3n1]
 4n  3n 1 is a multiple of 9 for n  2. 60. Here, (3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12), [Reflexive];
For n = 1, 4n  3n  1 = 4  3  1 = 0, (3, 6), (6, 12), (3, 12), [Transitive].
For n = 2, 4n  3n  1 = 16  6  1 = 9 Hence, reflexive and transitive only.
 4n  3n  1 is a multiple of 9 for all n  N
61. since (5, 5)  S.
 X contains elements, which are multiples of 9,
and clearly Y contains all multiples of 9.  The relation S is not reflexive
 X  Y i.e., X  Y = Y. It is symmetric and transitive.

124
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
62. 68. r = {(a, b)| a,b  R and a  b + 3 is an
Equivalence classes Product irrational no.}
(1, 11) 1
Here, r is reflexive as aRa = a  a + 3= 3
(3, 13) 3
(5, 15) 5 which is an irrational no.
(7, 17) 7 3 r1 = 3  1 + 3 = 2 3  1, which is an
(9, 19) 9 irrational number.
(10, 20) 0 But 1r 3 =1  3 + 3 = 1 which is not an
(12, 21) (2, 12) (2, 21) 2 irrational number.
(4, 14) (4, 22) (14, 22) 4 1
(16, 23) (6, 16) (6, 23) 6  3r1
3
(8, 18) (8, 24) (18, 24) 8
 r is not symmetric.
 There are 10 different equivalence classes. Also, r is not transitive.
63. Given A = {1, 2, 3, 4} Since, 3 r 1 and 1 r 2 3  3 r 2 3
R = {(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (3, 1)}  Option (B) is the correct answer.
(2, 3)  R but (3, 2)  R.
Hence, R is not symmetric. 69. On the set R;
R is not reflexive as (1, 1)  R. xy  x – y = 0 or x – y  Q
R is not a function as (2, 4)  R and (2, 3)  R.  x – x = 0  xx (Reflexive)
R is not transitive as (1, 3)  R and (3, 1)  R
if x – y = 0  y – x = 0 or x – y  Qc
but (1, 1)  R.
64. For any a  R, we have a  a. Therefore the  y – x  Q (Symmetric)
relation R is reflexive, but it is not symmetric, Take x = 1 + 2;y= 2  3 ;z= 2+2
as (2, 1)  R but (1, 2)  R. The relation R is x – y = 1 – 3  Q and y – z = 3 – 2  Q
transitive also, because (a, b)  R, (b, c)  R
Here xy and yz but x is not related to z.
imply that a  b and b  c which is turn imply
that a  c.  Not transitive

65. |a  a| = 0 < 1 70. Since, G. C. D. of a and a is ‘a’

 a Ra  a  R  if a ≠ 2, then G. C. D. ≠ 2
 R is reflexive.  R is not reflexive.
Again, a R b  | a  b | 1 | b  a | 1  bRa Let aRb
 R is symmetric,  G. C. D. of a, b = 2
1 1 1 i.e., (a, b) = 2
Again, 1R and R1 but  1  (b, a) = 2  G. C. D. of b, a = 2
2 2 2
 R is not anti-symmetric.  R is symmetric.
Further, 1 R 2 and 2 R 3 but 1R 3 , Again, let aRb and bRc
[|1  3 | 2  1 ]  G. C. D. of a, b = 2  G. C. D of (a, c)
 R is not transitive. and G. C. D. of b, c = 2 =2
 R is not transitive.
66. xy, yz  2x + y = 41 and 2y + z = 41 which
do not imply 2x + z = 41 71. Here, R = {(x, y)  W  W : the words x and y
have at least one letter in common}
67. for option D, x > | x | is not true hence not
reflexive R is reflexive as the words x and x have all
Take x = 2, y = –1, clearly x > | y | but y > | x | letters in common.
does not hold, hence not symmetric Hence, R is reflexive.
Now, Let x > | y | and y > | z |  x, y > 0. Also, if (x, y)  R i.e., x and y have a common
 Rewriting, x > | y | and y > | z |  x > | z | letter, then y and x also have a letter in common
Hence transitive.  R is symmetric.

125
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
7 63. Conjugate axis is 5 and distance between foci
59. 2a = 7 or a = = 13
2
4 51  2b = 5 and 2ae = 13
Also (5, –2) satisfies (25) – (4) = 1 Also, b2 = a2(e2 – 1)
49 196
49 25 (13) 2 2
and a2 =  = (e – 1)
4 4 4e 2
7 25 169 169
a=  = – 2
2 4 4 4e
 option (C) is correct answer 13
e=
60. Centre (0, 0), vertex (4, 0)  a = 4 and 12
focus (6, 0) 5
 a = 6, b =
 ae = 6 2
3 Hence, the required equation of hyperbola is
e=
2 x2 y2
Also, b = a2 (e2 1)
2 – =1
36 25
= 20 4
x2 y2 i.e., 25x2 – 144y2 = 900
Hence, required equation is – =1
16 20
i.e., 5x2 – 4y2 = 80 64. Equation of hyperbola passes through (x1, y1)
2 2 2 2
3  x1  y1 = 1  x1  1 = y1
61. Given that, e = a2 b2 a2 b2
2
y2
 x1  a = y1  b = 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
foci = (± 2, 0) = (± ae, 0)
 ae = 2 a2 b2 a2 x1  a
4 2
a=
3 Now, b = e2  1
a2
16
 a2 = y12
9  = e2  1
Now, condition for eccentricity is x1  a
2 2

b2 = a2(e2 – 1) y12 +( x12  a 2 )

 e2 =
16  9  1 16  5  20 x12  a 2
 b2 =  =  =
9  4  9 4 9
x12  a 2 + y12 a 2  x12  y12
x y 2 2 e= =
Now, equation of hyperbola is
2
– 2 =1 x12  a 2 a 2  x12
a b
2
9x2 9 y x2 y2 4 65. Center of the hyperbola is midpoint of foci.
 – =1 – =
16 20 4 5 9 Hence, its center is (1, 5) also distance
between foci is 2ae = 10
2b 2 3 b2
62. Given, = 8 and = 1+ 2  5
a 5 a a=4 ….  e  
2  4
4 b
 = 2  a2 = 16
5 a
Now, b2 = a2 (e2 – 1)
 a = 5, b = 2 5
= a2e2 – a2 = 25 – 16  b2 = 9
Hence, the required equation of hyperbola is
Hence, equation of hyperbola is
x2 y2
– =1 ( x  1) 2 ( y  5) 2
25 20 – =1
i.e., 4x2 – 5y2 = 100 16 9

90
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions

   19 
f    2cos 
2  4 

 cos   ;
4
88. 
f(x) = sin log ( x  1  x 2 ) 
 1 1  f( x) = sin[log( x + 1  x 2 )]
 f    2   1
2 2 2
 ( 1  x 2  x) 
83. f(x) = f(x)  f(0 + x) = f(0  x) is  f( x) = sin log  ( 1  x 2  x) 
symmetrical about x = 0.  ( 1  x 2  x) 

 f(2 + x ) = f(2  x) is symmetrical about x = 2.
84. f = {(1, 1), (2, 4), (0, 2), (1, 5)} be a linear  1 
 f( x) = sin log  
function from Z to Z. The function satisfies  ( x  1 ( x 2 ) 
the above points, if f(x) = 3x  2
1 x  f( x) = sin   log( x  1  x 2 ) 
85. Here, f(x) = log  
1 x
 f( x) =  sin log( x  1  x 2 ) 
1
1 x  1 x   
and f(x) = log   = log  
1 x  1 x 
 f( x) =  f(x)
1 x 
=  log   =  f(x) = f(x)
1 x   f(x) is odd function.
 f(x) is an odd function.
1
86. Since, f(x) is even. 89. f(x) + 2f   = 3x …. (i)
 x
 f( x) = f(x)
1 3
ax 1 a x 1  f   + 2f(x) = …. (ii)
 =  x x
( x) n  a  x  1 x n  a x  1
From (i) and (ii), we get
1 ax a x 1 6
 = 3f(x) =  3x
(1) n x n 1  a x  x n  a x  1 x
2 2
1  f(x) =  x  f(x) =  + x
 = 1  1 = (1)n x x
(1) n Since, f(x) = f(x)
1 2 2
 n=  can satisfy the equation.  x= +x
3 x x
87.
 
f( x) = sec  log  x  1  ( x) 2 
  
4
x
= 2x  x2 = 2  x =  2

 
= sec  log  x  1  x 2 
   option (B) is the correct answer.
98
2 i 
90. Given expression =    
= sec  log  1  x

x 
2
 i0  3 99 
32
2 i  98
2 i 
  1  x2  x2  =    +    
i0  3 99  i  33  3 99 
= sec log  
  1  x 2  x   98
2 i 
=0+    
  1  i  33
 3 99 
= sec log    2 2 i
  1  x 2  x    3  3  99  1


 
= sec   log 1  x 2  x 
  for i  0, 1, 2, .,32


= sec log 1  x 2  x 
   = 66
[ each term in the summation is one or more
 f(x) is an even function.
but less than 2 when i = 33, 34, 35, ….,98]
127
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 1  2  96. Let f(x) = y  x = f1(y)
91. f(x) = (1 + cos 2x) + 1  cos   2 x  
2 2   3  Now, y = 2x + 6
   2x = y  6
2 cos x cos   x 
3  y
  x = 3
2 2
1   2  y
 f1(y) =  3
=1+
2  cos 2 x  cos  3  2 x  2
  
x
      f1(x) =  3
 cos  2 x    cos   2
 3  3 
3 1  2  97. Let f(x) = y  x = f1(y)
=   cos 2 x+ cos  2 x +  Now, y = x3 + 5
4 2  3 
 y  5 = x3
  
 cos  2 x   1
 3   x =  y  5 3
3 1       1
=  cos 2 x  2 sin  2 x   sin     f1(y) =  y  5  3
4 2  2   6 
1
3 1   1  f1(x) =  x  5  3
=  cos 2 x  2sin   2 x  . 
4 2 2  2
3 1 3 98. Let f(x) = y  x = f1(y). Now,
=   cos 2 x  cos 2 x  = 2x 1
4 2 4 y= , (x  5)
x5
x2 3 y2 xy + 5y = 2x  1  5y + 1 = 2x  xy
92. y=  x 1  = f(y).
x 1 y 1 y 1 5y 1
 x(2  y) = 5y + 1  x =
93. Function given by f(x) = ax + b 2 y
xb 5y 1
f1(x) =  f1(y) =
a 2 y
So, g(y) = y  3 5x  1
 f1(x) = ,x2
94. f(x) = |x| 2 x
 x, if x0
f(x) =  5x 5
  x, if x0 99. We have, f(x) = ,xR  
4x  5 4
Therefore, the function f1(x) does not exist.
Let f(x) = y
1
95. Let f(x) = y  x = f (y)  x = f1(y)
Now, y = 3x  5 5x
y=
 x = y5 4x  5
3
y5  4xy + 5y = 5x
 f 1(y) = x =
3  5y = 5x  4xy = x(5  4y)
x5 5y
 f 1 (x) = x=
3 5  4y
Also f is one-one and onto, so f 1 exists and is
x5
5y 5
g(y) = f1(y) = , x  R  
given by f 1(x) = . 5  4y 4
3
128
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
100. Given, f(x) = 2x(x  1) 16 x 16 x
103. Let y = f(x) =
 x(x  1) = log2 f(x) 16 x 16 x
 x2  x  log2 f(x) = 0 162 x 1
 y=
1  1  4log 2 f ( x) 162 x 1
x=
2 1 y
 162x =
1  1  4log 2 f ( x) 1 y
Only x = lies in the domain
2 1 y
 2x = log16
1 1 y
 f1(x) = [1  1  4log 2 x ] .
2 1 1 y 1 1 y
x= log16  f1(y) = log16
2 1 y 2 1 y
e x  e x
101. Let y = f(x) = +2 1 1 x
e x  e x  f1(x) = log16
2 1 x
e2 x  1
 y2=
e2 x  1 104. f(g(1)) = f(3 4) = f(7) = 5  49 = 44
 (y  2) e2x + y  2 = e2x  1 2 2
105. f(2) = 2 
1 y y 1 2 1 5
 e2x = =
y 3 3 y 2
 y 1  2 5 10
 2x = loge   f(f(2)) = f    
 5 2
2
29
3 y    1
5
1  y 1 
x= loge  
2 3 y  2 1
106. Here, f(2) = =3
1  y 1 
2 1
 f 1(y) = loge   3 1 4
2 3 y   f(f(2)) = f(3) = = =2
3 1 2
1
 x 1 2 2 1
 f 1 (x) = loge   f(f(f(2))) = f(2) = =3
 2 1
 3 x 
107. (fog)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(x2) = sin x2
x
10 10
x
102. Let y = f(x) = 108. f(x) = sin x + cos x, g(x) = x2
10 x 10 x
 fog(x) = sin x2 + cos x2
102 x 1
 y= 1  cos 2 
102 x 1 109. f[f(cos 2)] = f  2
 = f (tan )
 1  cos 2 
1 y
 102x = 1  tan 2 
1 y = = cos 2
1  tan 2 
1 y
 2x = log10 1 1
1 y 1  1  4  399  4
1 1 y
110. Here, f   =  25   =  
x= log10 2  16   16 
2 1 y  1

  1     399  4 
1 1 y  f f    = f  
 f1(y) = log10   2     16  
2 1 y  
1 1
1 1 1 x  399  4  1 4 1
 f (x) = log10 =  25   =   =
2 1 x  16   16  2

129
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics
 Equation of required circle is
 
2
 CA2 = AD2 + CD2 = 32 + 29 = 38
(x – 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 49
2 2
 x + y – 2x + 2y – 47 = 0  the equation of the circle is
(x  3)2 + (y + 1)2 = 38.
13. Since, the centre always lies on the diameter.
Solving 2x + 3y = 3 and 16x  y = 4, we get 16. ABC is equilateral.
 O(0, 0) is the centroid.
 3 4 A
co-ordinates of the centre =  ,  .
 10 5 
The circle passes through (4, 6).
2 2
 3  4 O(0, 0)
 r2 =  4     6  
 10   5
B C
2 2 D
 37   26  4073
=     
 10   5  100 O divides AD in the ratio 2 : 1
 the equation of the circle is AO 2
2 2
 =
 3  4 4073 OD 1
x   y   AO 2 AO 2
 10   5 100  =  =
2 2
 100x + 100y  60x  160y = 4000 AD  AO 1 9  AO 1
 5 (x2 + y2)  3x  8y = 200  AO = 18  2 AO  AO = 6 units
 radius = 6 units
14. Let centre be (h, k). Then,  equation of circle is x2 + y2 = 36.
(h  2) 2 + (k  3) 2 = (h  4) 2 + (k  5) 2 17. According to the figure, A(0, 0), B(a,0),
 – 4h + 4  6k + 9 = 8h + 16  10k + 25 C(a, a) and D(0, a).
 4h + 4k – 28 = 0 D C
a a
and centre is  ,  .
h+k–7=0 ….(i) 2 2 a
Since, centre lies on the given line.  the equation of the circle is
 k  4h + 3 = 0 ….(ii) 2 2
a
Solving (i) and (ii), we get  a  a a2 A B
x  y  
(h, k) = (2, 5)  2  2 2
 centre is (2, 5) and  x 2  y 2  ax  ay  0
 2  2   5  3  2
2 2
radius = 18. Since, the circle touches Y-axis at (0, 2). Y
 the required equation of the circle is  centre of the circle is (h, 2).
(x  2)2 + (y  5)2 = (2)2 Now, CA2 = CB2
 x2 + y2  4x  10y + 25 = 0  h – 0   2 – 2
2 2

A(0, 2)
  h –  –1    2 – 0 
15. 2 2 C(h, 2)

X B O X
C (3,–1)  h 2  h 2  2h  1  4
(–1, 0)
5
2x  5y + 18 = 0  2h  5  0  h  
A D B
2
 equation of circle is
Let AB be the chord cut off by the circle on 2 2
 5  5
 x    ( y  2)    
2
the line 2x  5y + 18 = 0.
Let CD be the perpendicular drawn from  2  2
centre (3, 1) to AB. 25 25
 x2   5x  y 2  4 y  4 
4 4
2(3)  5(1)  18
 CD =  29  x  y  5x  4 y  4  0
2 2

22  (5)2 Point (–4, 0) satisfies this equation.

and AD = 3  option (D) is the correct answer.
93
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
120. (hofog)(x) = (hof)(g(x)) 124. Let f(x) be periodic with period T.
= (hof)  x 1
2
 Then, f(x + T) = f(x) for all x  R
 x + T  [x + T] = x  [x]. for all x  R
= h f x2  1   x + T  x = [x + T]  [x]
 [x + T]  [x] = T for all x  R

 
2
= h x 2  1  1  T = 1, 2, 3, 4,…….
  The smallest value of T satisfying
= h(x2 + 1 1) f(x + T) = f(x) for all x  R is 1.
0 , if x  0 Hence, f(x) = x  [x] has period 1.
= h(x2) =  2
 x , if x  0 125. g(x) is neither injective nor surjective
121. Given, (gof) (x) =  e 
x 2 2x
=e
    This is an injective function.
f(x) = sin2 x + sin2  x   + cos  x   cos x
 3  3
126. At x = 0, f(x) is not defined.
1   2 
= 1  cos 2 x  1  cos  2 x   128. f(x) = f(y)
2   3 
x+2=y+2 x=y
 2    Function f is one-one
 cos  2 x    cos 
 3  3
129. Total number of distinct functions from
A  A = nn = 6 6
1 5   2      Number of bijections = n! = 6!
=   cos 2 x  cos  2 x     cos  2 x   
2 2   3   3   Number of functions which are not bijections
1 5       = 66 – 6!
=
2  2  2 cos  2 x  3  cos 3  cos  2 x  3  
     130. Number of bijective function from a set of 10
5 elements to itself is 10P10.
=
4 So, required number = 10!
5 131. The total number of injective functions from a
 gof(x) = g[f(x)] = g  
4 set A containing 3 elements to a set B
  containing 4 elements is equal to the total
….  g    1
5
=1 number of arrangements of 4 by taking 3 at a
 4 
Hence, gof(x) is a constant function. time i.e., 4 P3  24 .
132. Number of injective mapping = 5P4= 120
122. (gof)(x) = sin x2  (gogof)(x) = sin(sin x2)
 (fogogof) (x) = (sin(sin x2))2 = sin2 (sin x2) 133. |x| is not one-one; x2 is not one-one;
Now, sin2(sin x2) = sin(sin x2) x2 + 1 is not one-one. But 2x  5 is one-one
 sin(sin x2) = 0, 1 because f(x) = f(y)  2x  5 = 2y  5  x = y
 Now, f(x) = 2x  5 is onto.
 sin x2 = n, (4n + 1) n  I
2  f(x) = 2x  5 is bijective.
 sin x2 = 0  x2 = n 134. Let x1, x2  R such that f(x1) = f(x2)
 x =  n n  W  x1 =  x2
 f(x1) = f(x2) does not impty that x1 = x2
123. | x | = –x, if x < 0
 f is not one-one.
= x, if x  0
Consider an element 2 in the co-domain R.
Now, (fog) (x) = f [g(x)]
There doesnot exist any x is domain R such
= | g(x) | + g(x)
that f(x) = 2.
= | | x | – x| + | x | – x
 f is not onto.
When, x < 0
(fog) (x) = | – x – x | + (–x) – x 135. f(x) = 2 + cos x > 0. So, f(x) is strictly monotonic
= –2x – 2x = – 4x increasing so, f(x) is one-to-one and onto.
131
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
136. Let x, y  N such that f(x) = f(y) 141. Function f : R  R is defined by f(x) = ex. Let
Then, f(x) = f(y)  x2 + x + 1 = y2 + y + 1 x1, x2  R and f(x1) = f(x2) or e x1  e x2 or
 (x  y) (x + y + 1) = 0 x1 = x2. Therefore f is one-one.
 x = y or x = ( y  1)  N Let f(x) = ex = y. Taking log on both sides, we
 f is one-one. get x = logy. We know that negative real
Again, since for each y  N, there exist x  N numbers have no pre-image or the function is
 f is onto. not onto and zero is not the image of any real
number. Therefore function f is into.
137. We have f(x) = (x  1) (x  2) (x  3) and
142. Here, (f  g) (x) = f(x)  g(x)
f(1) = f(2) = f(3) = 0  f(x) is not one-one.
 x  0 = x, if x is rational
For each y  R, there exists x  R such that  (f  g) (x) = 
f(x) = y. Therefore f is onto. Hence, f : R  R 0  x =  x, if x isirrational
is onto but not one-one. Let k = f  g
Let x, y be any two distinct real numbers.
138. f : N  I
Then, x  y
f(1) = 0, f(2) = 1, f(3) = 1, f(4) = 2, f(5) = 2
 x  y
and f(6) = 3 so on.
Now, x  y
1 0  k(x)  k(y)  (f  g) (x)  (f  g) (y)
–1
2  f  g is one-one.
3 1
–2 Let y be any real number
4
5 2 If y is a rational number, then
6 –3 k(y) = y
In this type of function every element of set A  (f  g) (y) = y
has unique image in set B and there is no If y is an irrational number , then
element left in set B. Hence f is one-one and k( y) = y
onto function.  (f  g) ( y) = y
Thus, every y  R (co-domain) has its pre-
139. f : N  N
image in R (domain)
 n+1
 if n is odd  f  g : R  R is onto.
f (n) =  2 Hence, f  g is one-one and onto.
n if n is even 143. Let x, y  R be such that
 2
f(x) = f(y)
11  x3 + 5x + 1 = y3 + 5y + 1
Now for n = 1, f (1) = =1
2  (x3  y3) + 5(x  y) = 0
2  (x  y) (x2 + xy + y2 + 5) = 0
and if n = 2, f (2) = =1
2  y
2
3y2 
 f (1) = f (2), But 1 ≠ 2.  (x  y)  x     5 = 0
 2 4 
 f (x) is not one-one. 2
n 1  y 3y2
f (x) = if n is odd  x = y and  x   + +50
2  2 4
n 1  f : R  R is one-one
if y = then n = 2y – 1, ∀ y Let y be an arbitrary element in
2
n n R (co-domain).
Also, f (x) = if n is even i.e., y = Then, f(x) = y i.e., x3 + 5x + 1 = y has at least
2 2
one real root, say  in R
or n = 2y ∀ y
 3 + 5 + 1 = y
 f(x) is onto.
 f() = y
140.  : N  Z Thus, for each y  R there exists   R such
(1) = 0, (2) = 1, (3) = 1, (4) = 2, that f() = y
(5) = 2, (6) = 3,  (7) = 3  f : R  R is onto
  is one-one and onto. Hence, f: R  R is one-one onto.
132
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
144. Since, f(x) and g(x) has same domain and 150. Here, x + 3 > 0 and x2 + 3x + 2  0
co-domain A and B and f(1) = (1)2  1 = 0  x > 3 and (x + 1) (x + 2)  0, i.e., x  1, 2.
1 1  Domain = (3, )  {1, 2}.
g(1) = 2 1   1 = 2   1 = 0
2 2
151. Df = Dg  Dh
f(1) = 0 = g(1), f(0) = 0 = g(0) 1
f(1) = 2 = g(1), f(2) = 2 = g(2) where g(x) = and h(x) = 2 x
log10 1  x 
A = {1, 0, 1, 2}, B = {4, 2, 0, 2}
 By definition, the two function are equal f = g Now, Dg = {x  R : 1  x > 0, log10 (1  x)≠0}
= {x  R : x < 1, 1  x ≠ 1}
145.  1  ( 3) 2  (sinx  3 cosx)  1  ( 3) 2 = {x  R : x < 1, x ≠ 0}
  2  (sinx  3 cosx)  2 and Dh = {x  R : x + 2 ≥ 0}
= {x  R : x ≥ 2}
  2 + 1  (sinx  3 cosx + 1)  2 + 1
 Df = [(, 1)  {0}]  [2, )
  1  (sinx  3 cosx + 1)  3 = [2, 1)  {0}
i.e., range = [1, 3]
152. f(x) = log|log x|, f(x) is defined if |log x| > 0
 For f to be onto S = [1, 3].
and x > 0 i.e., if x > 0 and x  1
146. Given, f(x) = sin x ( |log x| > 0 if x  1)
 f : R  R is neither one-one nor onto as
 x  (0, 1)  (1, ).
Rf = [1, 1].
   1 x
f :   ,   [1, 1] 153. 0
 2 2 2 x
is both one-one and onto. x 1
 0
f : [0, ]  [1, 1] x 2
is neither one-one nor onto as  |x|  1 as |x| > 2
Rf = [0, 1].  x  (–, –2)  (2, )  [–1, 1]

f : 0,   [1, 1] is one-one but not onto as
 2 1
154. f(x) = log
Rf = [0, 1]. | sin x |
x2  1 x2  1  2 2  sin x  0  x  n + (1)n0
147. Let f( x ) = = = 1 2
x 1
2
x 1
2
x 1  x  n. Domain of f(x) = R  {n, n  I}.
 x2 + 1 > 1; 155. f(x) is to be defined when x2  1 > 0
2  x2 > 1,  x < 1 or x > 1 and 3 + x > 0
 2
x 1
2
 x > 3 and x  2
2  Df = (3, 2)  (2, 1)  (1, ).
So 1  2 1 2 ;
x 1 2
156. f(x) = e 5 x  3  2 x
 1  f(x) < 1  5x  3  2x2  0
Thus, f(x) has the minimum value equal to –1.
 3
148. The quantity under root is positive, when  (x  1)  x    0
 2
1  3  x  1  3.
+ve +ve
149. The function f(x) = log( x 2  6 x  6) is
defined, when log(x2  6x + 6)  0 0 1 ve 3
 x2  6x + x  1  (x  5) (x  1)  0 2
This inequality holds, if x  1 or x  5.
 3
Hence, the domain of the function will be  Df = 1, 
(, 1]  [5, ).  2

133
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
157. To define f(x), 9  x2 > 0  |x| < 3 x2
162. f(x) =
 3 < x < 3, .....(i) | x  2|
and 1  (x  3)  1 1, x  2
2x4 .....(ii) f(x) = 
 1, x  2
From (i) and (ii), 2  x < 3 i.e., [2, 3).
 Range of f(x) is {1, 1}.
2
158. 1  1 + 3x + 2x  1 x 2  34 x  71
Case I : 2x2 + 3x + 1  1; 2x2 + 3x + 2  0 163. Let =y
x2  2 x  7
3  9  16 3  i 7  x2 (1  y) + 2(17  y) x + (7y  71) = 0
x= = (imaginary).
6 6 For real value of x, b2  4ac  0
Case II : 2x2 + 3x + 1  1
 y2  14y + 45  0  y  9, y  5.
 3
 2x2 + 3x  0  2 x  x    0 164. Dom (f) = R – {2}
 2
x2  4
3  3  For Range (f), let y = f (x) =
  x  0  x   , 0  x2
2  2 
In case I, we get imaginary value hence, rejected  x  2  x  2 
 y=
 3   x  2
 Domain of function =  ,0 .
2   y = (x + 2)
Since, Dom (f) = R – {2}
 1 | x |   x2
159. f(x) = cos 1    y  (2 + 2) i.e. y  4
 2 
 Range (f) = R – {4}
1 | x |
 1≤ ≤1
2 x2  x  4
165. Let y =
 2  1 ≤  | x | ≤ 2  1 x2  x  4
  3 ≤ | x|≤ 1  (y  1) x2 + (y + 1) x + 4y  4 = 0
 1 ≤ | x | ≤ 3 For real value of x, b2  4ac  0
 (y + 1)2  4(y  1)(4y  4)  0
 x  [3, 3]
 15y2 + 34y  15  0
160. 1 ≤ log2(x2 + 5x + 8) ≤ 1  15y2  34y + 15  0
1  3  5
 ≤ (x2 + 5x + 8) ≤ 2   y   y    0
2  5  3
15 3 5
 x2 + 5x + ≥0   y
2 5 3
2 2
2 5  5   5  15 166. Since maximum and minimum values of
 x + 2  x +      + ≥0
2 2 2 2 cos  sin x are 2 and  2 respectively,
2
 5 5 therefore range of f(x) is [ 2, 2].
  x+  + ≥ 0 and x2 + 5x + 6 ≤ 0
 2 4
 (x + 3) (x + 2) ≤ 0  x [3, 2] cos 2 x  7
167. cos 2x + 7 = a(2  sin x)  a =
2  sin x
161. f(x) = 9  x2 1  2sin 2 x  7 2(4  sin 2 x)
a= =
f(0) = 3, f(3) = 0 2  sin x 2  sin x
 0  f(x)  3  a = 2(2 + sin x)
 x  [0, 3]  a  [2, 6] ….[  1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1]

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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
59. Equation of parabola is y2 = 12 x 66. Equation of parabola
 a=3 y2 = 8x
Given y = 6  a=2
P(2t2, 4t) A(1, 0)
 substituting y = 6 in y2 = 12x, we get
 2t 2  1 4t + 0 
36 = 12 x Mid point = (x, y) =  , 
x=3  2 2 
Now, focal distance = |x + a| = |3 + 3| = 6 2x 1 2 y2
 = t and = t2
2 4
60. Given, y = 3x
y 2 2x 1  1
Substituting y = 3x in y2 = 18x, we get  =  y2 = 4  x  
4 2  2
(3x)2 = 18x
 9x2 = 18x 67. Eccentricity of parabola is always 1 i.e., e = 1.
 x = 2 and y = 6 68. Since, vertex is the midpoint of focus and
directrix.
61. Vertex = (0, 4), focus = (0, 2)
02 00
a=2  vertex =  ,  = (1, 0)
 2 2 
Hence, equation of parabola is
(x – 0)2 = – 4  2(y – 4) 69. y2  4y  x + 3 = 0
i.e., x2 + 8y = 32  y2  4y + 4  x + 3  4 = 0
 (y  2)2  (x + 1) = 0  (y  2)2 = (x + 1)
62. Given, vertex of parabola (h, k)  (1,1) and its Comparing with (y  k)2 = 4a (x  h), we get
focus (a + h, k)  (3, 1) or a + h = 3 or a = 2. h = 1, k = 2
The y-coordinates of vertex and focus are  vertex = (1, 2)
same, therefore axis of parabola is parallel to
X-axis.Thus, equation of the parabola is 70. x2 + 4x + 2y  7 = 0
(y – k)2 = 4a(x – h) or (y – 1)2 = 4  2(x – 1) or  x2 + 4x + 4 = 2y + 7 + 4
(y – 1)2 = 8(x – 1)  (x + 2)2 = – 2y + 11
 11 
63. Directrix = x + 5 = 0  (x + 2)2 = – 2  y  
 2
Focus is (–3, 0)
 11 
 2a = (5  3) = 2 Hence, vertex is   2, 
 2
a=1
71. The given equation of parabola is
 3 + (5)  y = 2x2 + x
Vertex is  ,0  = (– 4, 0)
 2  x y
Therefore, equation is (y – 0)2 = 4(x + 4)  x2 + 
2 2
i.e., y2 = 4(x +4) 2 2
 1 y 1  1 1 1
 x      x     y  
64. Let P(x, y) be any point on the parabola.  4 2 16  4 2 8
 SP2 = PM2 1
Let X 2  Y ....(i)
3x  4 y  1
2 2
 (x  5)2 + (y  3)2 = 1  1
9  16 Here A  , focus of (i) is  0, 
8  8
 25(x2 + 25  10x + y2 + 9  6y)
1
= 9x2 + 16y2 + 1  24xy + 6x  8y i.e., X  0 , Y 
8
 16x2 + 9y2  256x  142y + 24xy + 849 = 0
1 1 1 1
 (4x + 3y)2  256x  142y + 849 = 0  x 0, y   x   , y  0
4 8 8 4
65. Equation will be of the form y2 = 4A(x – a),  1 
 focus of given parabola is   ,0  .
where A = (a – a) or y2 = 4(a – a)(x – a).  4 
98
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
4. Given, f(x) = x2  3 Let (x, y)  T and (y, z)  T.
 f(1) = (1)2  3 = 2 Then, x  y is an integer and y  z is an integer
 (fof)(1) = f(2) = (2)2  3 = 1  x  z is an integer
 (fofof)(1) = f(1) = 12  3 = 2 ....(i)  (x, z)  T
Similarly, (fofof)(0) = 33 ....(ii)  T is transitive on R.
and (fofof)(1) = 2 ....(iii) So, T is an equivalence relation on R.
From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get 8. Here, (0, 3)  R, because 0 = 0  3
(fofof)(1) + (fofof)(0) + (fofof)(1) But, (3, 0)  R,
= 2 + 33  2 = 29 = f 4 2   because 3 ≠ (any rational number)  0
So, R is not a symmetric relation and hence it
is not an equivalence relation.
 
5
5. x= 3 1
 m p 
S =  ,  : m, n, p and q areintegers
 3  C  3  C  3
5 4 3
5 5 5
= C0 1 2  n q 

 C  3  C  3  C
5
2
5
1
5 such that n,q  0and qm  pn
3 4 5
Let m, n  Z such that n ≠ 0. Then,
=  3  + 5(9) + 10  3 3  + 30 + 5 3 + 1
5

m m m m
mn = nm  =   ,  S
= 76 + 44 3 = 152.20 n n n n
 [x] = [152.20] = 152 So, S is reflexive.
6. f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) .....(i) m p
Let  ,   S . Then,
Putting x = y = 1 in (i), we get  n q
f(2) = 2f(1) qm = pn  np = mq
 f(2) = 2(5) ....[ f(1) = 5(given)] p m
  ,  S
Putting x = 2 and y = 1 in (i), we get q n 
f(3) = f(2) + f(1) = 3(5)
So, S is symmetric.
Similarly, f(4) = 4(5)
f(5) = 5(5) m p p r
Let  ,   S and  ,   S .
...  n q q s
... Then, qm = pn and sp = rq
...  (qm) (sp) = (pn) (rq)
f(100) = 100(5) = 500
For any x  (0, 2), x ≠ x + 1 m r
7.  sm = rn   ,  S
 (x, x)  S.  n s
 S is not a reflexive relation. So, S is transitive.
So, S is not an equivalence relation. Hence, S is an equivalence relation.
T = {(x, y): x  y is an integer} 9. P
For any x  R,  sin   cos  = 2 cos 
x  x = 0, which is an integer.  (sin   cos )2 = 2 cos2 
 (x, x)  T  sin2  + cos2  2 sin  cos  = 2 cos2 
 T is reflexive on R.
 cos2 + 2 sin  cos  + sin2  = 2 sin2 
Let (x, y)  T. Then,
 (cos  + sin )2 = 2 sin2 
x  y is an integer
 y  x is an integer  cos  + sin  = 2 sin 
 (y, x)  T Q
 T is symmetric on R.  P=Q
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 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
10. f(x) is defined for Case I:
8.3x  2 sin  ≥ 0 and 2 sin   1 ≥ 0
1 ≤ ≤1
1  32( x 1) 1
 sin  ≥ 0 and sin  ≥
(32 1) (3x  2 ) 2
 1 ≤ 1
1  32 x  2 π 5π
 ≤≤
3x  3 x  2 6 6
1≤ ≤1
1  32 x  2   5 
 A  B =  :  
3x  3 x  2 3x  3 x  2  2 6
 + 1 ≥ 0 and 1 ≤ 0
1  32 x  2 1  32 x  2    3 
….  B   :    
1 3x  3x  2  32 x  2   2 2 
 ≥0
1  32 x  2 Case II:
3x  3x  2 1 32 x  2 sin  ≤ 0 and 2 sin   1 ≤ 0
and ≤0
1  32 x  2 1
 sin  ≤ 0 and sin  ≤
(3x  1) (3x  2  1) (3x 1)(3x  2  1) 2
 ≥ 0 and ≥0
(3x.3x  2  1) (32 x  2 1)   ≤  ≤ 2
(3x  2  1) (3x  1)  3 
 ≥ 0 and 2 x  2 ≥0  A  B =  :     
x x2
(3 .3  1) (3  1)  2

(3x  32 ) (3x  1)    3 
 ≥ 0 and ≥0 ….  B   :    
(32 x  32 ) (32 x  32 )   2 2 

(3x  32 ) (3x  1) From Case I and II, we get

 ≥ 0 and ≥0  5   3 
(3x  3) (3x  3) 
A  B =  :     :     
 2 6  2
 x ( , 1] [2, ) and x (, 0](1, )
 x ( , 0] [2, )
 log10 x 
14. Given, f(x) = log10  
11. f(x  y) = f(x) f(y)  f(a  x) f(a + y)  2(3  log10 x) 
Putting x = 0 and y = 0, we get
Now, f(x) is defined, if
f(0) = {f(0)}2  {f(a)}2
 1 = 1  {f(a)}2  f(a) = 0  log10 x  log10 x
log10   ≥ 0, >0
Now, f(2a  x) = f(a  (x  a))  2(3  log10 x)  2(3  log10 x)
= f(a) f(xa)  f (aa) f(a+xa) and x > 0
= f(a) f(x  a)  f(0) f(x) log10 x log10 x
 ≥ 100 = 1, >0
= f(a) f(x  a)  f(x) 2(3  log10 x) (3  log10 x)
....[ f(0) = 1 (given)] and x > 0
=  f(x) 3(log10 x  2) log10 x
 ≤ 0, < 0 and x > 0
2(log10 x  3) log10 x  3
12. n[(A  B)  (B  A)] = n[(A  B)  (B  A)]
= n(A  B)  n(B  A) = 3  3 = 9  2 ≤ log10x < 3, 0 < log10x < 3 and x > 0
π 3π  102 ≤ x < 103, 100 < x < 103 and x > 0
13. Given, 2 cos2  + sin  ≤ 2 and ≤  ≤  102 ≤ x < 103
2 2
2
 2  2 sin  + sin  ≤ 2  x [102, 103)
 2sin2   sin  ≥ 0
 sin  (2 sin   1) ≥ 0
 sin  ≥ 0 and 2 sin   1 ≥ 0 or
sin  ≤ 0 and 2 sin   1 ≤ 0
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 Textbook
Chapter No.

04 Sequence and Series

Hints

Classical Thinking 9. Given that, 9th term = a + (9 – 1)d = 0

 a + 8d = 0
1. a = 21, d = 16 – 21 = –5 Now, ratio of 29th and 19th terms
tn = a + (n – 1)d a  28d (a  8d)  20d 20d 2
 t15 = 21 + (15 – 1) (–5) = 21 – 70 = –49    
a  18d (a  8d)  10d 10d 1
2. a = 3 , d = 12  3 = 3 10. Let the first term and common difference of an
 t10 = 3  9 3 = 10 3 = 300 A.P. be A and D respectively.
Now, pth term = A + (p – 1)D = a
3. Given series qth term = A + (q – 1)D = b
 1  2  3 and rth term = A + (r – 1)D = c
 3     3     3    ........ (A.P.)
 n  n  n  a(q – r) + b(r – p) + c(p – q)
Therefore, common difference b  c c  a  a  b 
a   b   c 
 2  1 1  D   D   D 
d  3    3     and first term
 n  n n 1
= (ab – ac + bc – ab + ca – bc) = 0
 1 D
a  3  
 n
11. Sn = 3(4n  1)
Now, pth term of the series = a + (p – 1)d
 Sn  1=3(4n1  1)
 1  1  tn = Sn  Sn  1 = 3(4n  1)  3(4n  1  1) = 9(4n 1)
  3    (p  1)   
 n  n
12. Required sum = 1 + 3 + 5 + …. upto n terms
1 1 p  p
 3     3   n
n n n  n = [2  1 + (n  1)2]
2
4. d–c=e–d
= n2
 2d = e + c
 2d – 2c = e + c  2c 13. Given that first term a = 10, last term l = 50
 2(d – c) = e – c and sum S = 300
n n
5. a, b, c are in A.P., dividing by bc we get  S = (a + l)  300 = (10 + 50)  n = 10
a 1 1 2 2
, , are in A.P.
bc c b n
14. Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
6. a = 3, d = 3 2
Let there be n terms. n
 406 = [6 + (n – 1)4]
 3 + (n  1)3 = 111 2
 n = 37  812 = n[6 + 4n – 4]  812 = 2n + 4n2
7. a = 72, d =  2  406 = 2n2 + n  2n2 + n – 406 = 0
Let nth term be 40. 1  1  4.2.406 1  3249
n= 
 tn = a + (n  1)d 2.2 4
 40 = 72 + (n  1) ( 2) 1  57
 n = 17 
4
8. d =  1 + 2i, t4 = t3 + d = 6 – 2i + (– 1 + 2i) = 5 1  57
which is purely real. Taking (+) sign, n = = 14
4
138
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
15. Sn = 3n2  n 1
Now, A1 is a arithmetic mean of and A2.
n 3
 3n2  n = [2a + (n  1)6]
2 1 1
 2A1   A 2  2A1  A 2  ......(ii)
a=2 3 3
n 17 5
16. Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d] From (i) and (ii), we get A1  and A 2 
2 72 36
16 23. Let the two numbers be a and b and let
 S16 = [2(4) + (15)d] A1, A2, …..,An be the n A.M.'s between them.
2
 784 = 8 (8 + 15d) Then a, A1, A2, …., An, b are in A.P. and let d
be the common difference.
784
 8 + 15d = Now, Tn+2 = b = a + (n + 2 – 1)d
8 ba
 15d = 90 d=
n 1
d=6
Also, A1 + A2 + …..+ An = Sn+1 – a
17. t7 = 40  a + 6d = 40 1  (b  a) 
 (n  1)  2a  (n  1  1) a
S13 =
13
[2a + (13  1)d] = 13(a + 6d) = 520 2  (n  1) 
2
n n ab
18. t4 = a + 3d = 4 and = [2a  (b  a)]  (a  b)  n  
2 2  2 
7 7
S7 = [2a + (7  1)d] = [2a + 6d]  S = Na
2 2
= 7(a + 3d) 24. Let the three numbers be a + d, a, a – d.
= 7(4) = 28 therefore, a + d + a + a – d = 33
 a = 11
19. The terms of given sequence are in A.P. with
a = 1, d = 5 and Sn = 148 and a(a + d)(a – d) = 792
n 11(121 – d2) = 792  d = 7
 [2a + (n  1)d] = 148  n = 8 The required numbers are 4, 11, 18.
2 Hence, the smallest number is 4.
Now, x = nth term  x = a + (n  1)d = 36
25. tn = arn1 = 1.(2)n 1 = 2n 1
20. (x + 1) + (x + 4) + …. + (x + 28) = 155
Let n be the number of terms in the A.P. on 26. Given sequence is 2, 10, 50........
L.H.S. Then,
x + 28 = (x + 1) + (n – 1) 3  n = 10 Common ratio r  5 , first term a  2 ,
 (x + 1) + (x + 4) + ….. + (x + 28) = 155 then 7th term
10 t 7  2( 5)7 1  2( 5)6  2(5)3  125 2
 [(x + 1) + (x + 28)] = 155
2 n 1 n 1
1 1
x=1 28. tn = arn – 1 = 1   = 
2 2
1
21. S5 = (S10  S5)  5S5 = S10
4  3 
 2 
a = 3, r =   =
5 10 1
 5  (2  2 + 4d) = (2  2 + 9d) 29.
2 2 3 2
n 1
 d = 6 n1  1 
 tn = ar = 3 
1 1  2 
22. Here, , A1, A2, will be in A.P.,
3 24 30. Let r be common ratio of G.P.
1 1  t3 = r2, t5 = r4
then A1    A2
3 24  t3 + t5 = 90  r2 + r4 = 90
3  r2 = 9
 A1 + A2 = ......(i)
8 r=3
139
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
31. Accordingly, ar9 = 9 and ar3 = 4
3 8 41. Sn =

a rn  1 ,r=2
r3 = and a = r 1
2 3
 7th term i.e., ar6 =
8 3
  =6
2

 S8 =

a 28  1   a(2 8
 1) = 510  a = 2
3 2 2 1
th th th
Trick : 7 term is equidistant from 10 and 4  t3 = 2(2)31 = 2(2)2 = 8
so it will be 9  4 = 6. 42. Sn = 2 + 22 + 222 + ….. n terms
33. t3 = ar3  1 = ar2 = 20 and = 2 [1 + 11 + 111 + …. n terms]
t7 = ar7  1 = ar6 = 320 2
= [(10  1) + (100  1) + (1000  1)
Solving, a = 5 and r = 2 9
34. a, 8, b are in G.P. and a  b + ….. n terms]
8 b 2   10n  1   2 10 n 
 =  ab = 64 = 10    n =  9 (10  1)  n 
a 8 9   10  1   9  
and a, b,  8 are in A.P. 2
ba=8b = [10(10n – 1) – 9n]
81
 a 8
 b =  43. Sn = 0.9 + 0.99 + 0.999 + …. n terms
 2 
= 1 – 0.1 + 1 – 0.01 + 1 – 0.001
Solving, a = 16 and b = 4
+ …. n terms
35. a = 5, r = 3 = 1 + 1 + 1 + …. n terms
a(r n  1) 5(3n  1) – [0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001 + …. n terms]
Sn = =
r 1 2 1  (0.1) n 
= n – 0.1  
36. a = 3 and r =
12
=4>1  1  0.1 
3 1
=n– [1 – (0.1)n]
 r  1
n
 4  1 n
n
9
 Sn = a  = 3 =4 1
 r  1   4 1  9n  [1  (0.1) n ]
=
38. a = 1, r = 3 9
a(r n  1)
Sn = 44. a = 2, S = 6
r 1
a
3n  1 Now, S =
3280 = 1 r
2 2
6561 = 3n 6=
1 r
 38 = 3n  n = 8
1
39. Let n be the number of terms needed. 1–r=
3
For G.P. 2, 22, 23, ….., a = 2, r = 2 and Sn = 30
1
Sn =

a rn 1   30 = 2  2  1  n = 4
n r=1–
3
r 1 2 1 2
r=
40. S8 = 82 (S4) 3
Let the G.P. be a + ar + a r2 + …., then
3/ 4 4
a  r 8 1  a  r 4 1  45. According to condition, 
 82   1 r 3
 r 1 
r 1 
 7
4 4 4 r=
(r  1)( r + 1) = 82(r  1) 16
 r4 + 1 = 82
g1 q
r4 = 81 46.   g1g2 = pq
r=3 p g2

140
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
47. Let 1,a, b, 64 59. Here a = 3, d = 2 and r = r
 a2 = b and b2 = 64a a dr
 a = 4 and b = 16
Now S = 
1  r (1  r) 2
 r  1
48. Let the numbers be a, ar, ar2 3 2r 44 3r
 S =   
Sum = 70  a(1 + r + r2) = 70 1  r (1  r) 2 9 (1  r) 2
It is given that 4a, 5ar, 4ar2 are in A.P.  44r2 – 79r + 17 = 0
1 1 17
 2(5ar) = 4a + 4ar2  r = 2 or r =  r= or
2 4 11
Substituting values of r, a = 10 and a = 40 17
 The numbers are 10, 20, 40 or 40, 20, 10 But, r ≠
11
a 1
49. Let numbers are , a, ar  r=
r 4
According to given conditions, n n n 2(n)(n  1)
a 60.  (2r  5) = 2  r + 5 = 2
 5n
. a . ar  216 r 1 r 1 r 1
r = n(n + 6)
a=6
61. (22  12) + (42  32) + (62  52) + …..
And, sum of product pairwise = 156
= (22 + 42 + 62 + …)  (12 + 32 + 52 +…)
a a
 . a  . ar  a . ar  156 n n n n

  2r     2r  1  1
2 2
r r = = 4r 
r=3 r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1

Hence, numbers are 2, 6, 18.  n  n  1 

= 4   n = n(2n + 1)
Trick : Since 2 × 6 × 18 = 216 (as given) and  2 
no other option gives the value.
n(n  1) (2n  1)
50. Considering corresponding A.P. 62. = 1015
6
a + 6d = 10 and a + 11d = 25  d = 3, a =  8  n(n + 1)(2n + 1) = 6090
 t20 = a + 19d =  8 + 57 = 49  n(n + 1)(2n + 1) = 14  15  29
Hence, 20th term of the corresponding H.P. is  n = 14
1
. 63. (31)2 + (32)2 + (33)2 + ….. + (60)2
49 = [(1)2 + (2)2 + (3)2 +….+ (60)2]
53. H < G < A  [(1)2 + (2)2 + (3)2 +…..+ (30)2]
60 30
54. (A.M.) (H.M.) = (G.M)2 =  r 2   r 2 = 64355
 9. 36 = (G.M)2  G.M. = 18 r 1 r 1
64. The first factors of the terms of the given
56. G2 = AH series is 1, 2, 3, 4, …., n and second factors of
 144 = 25H the terms of the given series is
 H = 5.76 2, 3, 4, …….(n + 1)
58. Let S = 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + ….  nth term of the given series
= n(n + 1) = n2 + n
Then, xS = 1x + 3x2 + 5x3 + ….
Hence, sum =
S  xS = 1 + 2x + 2x2 + 2x3 + …. to 
1 n
 S(1  x) = 1 + 2x + 2x2 + 2x3 + … to  n 2  n  n(n  1)(2n  1)  (n  1)
6 2
2x 1  x  2x
=1+ = 1
1 x 1 x  n(n  1)(2n  1  3)
6
1 x
 S= 1
1  x 
2
 n(n  1)(n  2)
3
141
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics

2b 2 x2 y2
122. Given, ae = 8 and = 24 125.  1
a 12  k 8  k
 b2 = 12a x2 y2
Now, b2 = a2 (e2  1)   1
12  k k  8
 12a = a2e2  a2  12 > k and k > 8
 12a = 64 – a2  8 < k < 12
 a2 + 12 a  64 = 0  the given equation represents a hyperbola, if
a=4 ….[ a > 0] 8 < k < 12.
 b2 = 12(4) = 48
126. Consider,
 the equation of hyperbola is x2 – y2 + 3x – 2y – 43 = 0
x2 y 2 Comparing with
  1  3x2  y2 = 48
16 48 ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get
123. 16x2 – 9y2 – 64x + 18y – 90 = 0 3
a = 1, h = 0, b = –1, g = , f = –1, c = –43
 16 (x2 – 4x + 4) – 9 (y2 – 2y + 1) = 145 2
 x  2
2
 y  1
2
  = abc + 2fgh – af – bg2 – ch2
2

 – = 1, 9 177
145 145   = 43 + 0 – 1 + – 0 =
16 9 4 4
X2 Y2  0
Comparing with 2  2 = 1, we get Also, ab – h2 = –1
a b
X=x–2 , Y=y–1  ab – h2 < 0
145 145  x2 – y2 + 3x – 2y – 43 = 0 is the equation of
a2 = , b2 = hyperbola.
16 9
127. The given equation can be written as
b2 16 5 x2 y2
 e= 1 = 1
= – =1
a2 9 3 32 8
2
X Y2 3
Focus of the hyperbola, 2 – 2 = 1 is,
a b x2 y2
(X =  ae, Y = 0)  2
– =1
4 2 (2 2) 2
 145 5  
i.e. x – 2 =     , y – 1 = 0  3 
 4 3
4 2
5 145 a=
i.e. x – 2 =  ,y=1 3
12
 Length of transverse axis of a hyperbola
24  5 145
i.e. x = ,y=1 4 2 8 2
12 = 2a = 2  =
3 3
 24  5 145 
 Focus =  , 1
 12  x2 y 2
128.  1
9 4
x2 y 2
124.  2  1 is a hyperbola  k2 > 0  a2 = 9, b2 = 4
36 k
a 2  b2 94 13
y 2 x2 x 2  36 e=  
Now, 2  1= a 3 3
k 36 36
a
36 y 2
directrix of hyperbola is x 
 k2  2 > 0  x2  36 > 0 e
x  36
3 9
 x2 > 36  x x=
This is true only for point (10, 4). 13 13
 (10, 4) lies on given hyperbola. 3

105
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
12. tn = Sn  Sn  1 19. d =  2, sum =  5
 n  n  1  5
=  nP  Q  5= {2 a + 4( 2)}  a = 3
 2  2
  n  1 n  2   Hence, the actual sum (when d = 2) is
  n  1 P  Q 5 5
 2  {2  3  (5  1)  2} = (6  8) = 35
= P + (n  1)Q 2 2
 Common difference = tn  tn  1 21. Here a = S1 = 6
= [P + (n  1)Q]  [P + (n  2)Q] = Q 7
S7 = 105  [2  6 + (7  1)d] = 105  d = 3
2
1 1 1
13. d=  = n
3 2 6 Sn {2  6  (n  1)3} n3
 = 2 
9  1  1   3 (n  3)
 S9 =  2   (9  1)     
Sn  3 {2  6  (n  4)3} n  3
2  2  6  2 2
14. Required sum = 10 + 13 + 16 + … + 97 22. S2n = 3Sn
n 2n 3n
= (10 + 97) …. (i)  [2a + (2n  1)d] = [2a + (n  1)d]
2 2 2
Here, 97 = 10 + (n  1)3  n = 30  2a = (n + 1)d
30 3n
 From (i), Sn = (10 + 97) = 1605 [2a  (3n  1) d]
2 S3n
 = 2 =6
Sn n
15. The smallest 3 digit no. divisible by 7 is 105 [2a  (n  1) d]
and greatest is 994. 2
Given sequence is in A.P. with d = 7
23. Let Sn and Sn be the sum of n terms of two A.P.'s
 994 = 105 + (n  1)7  n = 128
and t11 and t11 be the respective 11th terms, then
n
 Sn = [2a + (n  1)d] n
2 Sn [2a  (n  1)d] 7n  1
128 = 2 =
= [2(105) + (128  1)7] = 70336 S'n n
[2a ' (n  1)d '] 4n  27
2 2
16. According to the given condition (n  1)
a d 7n  1
15  2 =
[10 + 14 × d] = 390  d = 3 (n  1) 4n  27
2 a ' d'
Hence, middle term i.e., 8th term is given by 2
5 + 7 × 3 = 26 Now put n = 21,
a  10d t 148 4
17. l = a + (n  1)d and we get = 11 = =
n a ' 10d ' t '11 111 3
Sn = (a + l)
2 24. a, b, c, are in A.P  2b = a + c
Eliminating a, we get
1 1 1 2 1 1
n n Also, , , are in A.P.  = +
Sn = {l  (n  1)d + l} = {2l  (n  1)d} a b c b a c
2 2
2 ac
18. Suppose work is completed in n days  =  a = c and b = a
ac ac
n 2
[2  150 + (n  1)( 4)] = n(152  2n)
2
Had no worker dropped from work, total no. 25. (a + 2b – c) (2b + c – a) (c + a – b)
of workers who would have worked all the n = (a + a + c – c)(a + c + c – a)(2b – b)
days is 150 (n  8) = 4abc
 n(152  2n) = 150(n  8)  n = 25 ( a, b, c are in A.P.,  2b = a + c).
143
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
26. The sum of n arithmetic mean between a and b Putting a = 5
n  2(25 + d2) + 25 = 83
 (a  b)
2  2d2 = 8
d=2
a n 1  b n 1 a  b Thus, numbers are 3, 5, 7.
27. 
a n  bn 2 Trick :
 a – ab + bn+1 – ban = 0
n+1 n
Since 3 + 5 + 7 = 15 and 32 + 52 + 72 = 83
 (a – b) (an – bn) = 0  1  1  1
a
n
a
0 32. 1   + 1   + 1   + ….
If an – bn = 0. Then    1     2  4  8
b b  1 1 1
Hence, n = 0  tn = 1   n th term of G.P. , , 
 2 4 8
28. The resulting progression will have n + 2 1 1
n 1

terms with 2 as the first term and 38 as the last =1  

term. 2 2
Therefore, the sum of the progression 1
=1 n
n2 2
 (2  38)
2
33. t3 = 4  ar2 = 4
= 20(n + 2)
 a  ar  ar2  ar3  ar4 = (ar2)5 = 45
By hypothesis, 20(n + 2) = 200
n=8 34. t3 = ar31 = ar2 = 36 and t6 = ar61 = ar5 = 972
29. As, log 2, log(2n – 1) and log(2n + 3) are in Solving, a = 4 and r = 3
A.P.  t8 = ar7 = 4(3)7 = 8748
Therefore, 35. tn = arn  1 and r = 2
2 log(2n – 1) = log 2 + log(2n + 3)
 tn = a(2)n  1  t9 = a(2)8
22n – 4.2n – 5 = 0
128 1
 (2n – 5)(2n + 1) = 0  a(2)8 = 128  a = =
As 2n cannot be negative, hence 2n – 5 = 0 256 2
 2n = 5 or n = log2 5 36. ab2 = a(ac) and cb2 = c(ac)
30. The given numbers are in A.P.  ab2  cb2 = a2c  ac2
 2 log9 (31–x + 2) = log3 (4.3x – 1) + 1  a (b2 + c2) = c(a2 + b2)
 2 log 2 (31–x + 2) = log3 (4.3x – 1) + log3 3 37. a + ar =  4 and ar4 = 4ar2  r2 = 4  r =  2
3

2 4
 log3 (31–x + 2) = log3[3(4.3x – 1)] Substituting r =  2, we get a = and a = 4
2 3
 31–x + 2 = 3(4.3x – 1) 4 8 16
 Required G.P. is , , , ….
3 3 3 3
 + 2 = 12y – 3, where y = 3x
y or 4,  8, 16, – 32, ….
 12y2 – 5y – 3 = 0 38. The common ratio of the G.P. is xn + 4
1 3 1 3  8th term = x52 = x4 (xn + 4)7
 y or  3x = or 3x =
3 4 3 4  7n = 28
3 n=4
 x = log3    x = 1 – log3 4
4 39. Let ARp1 = a,
31. Let the three numbers be a – d, a, a + d ARq1 = b,
We get a – d + a + a + d = 15 ARr1 = c
a=5 So
and (a – d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = 83 aqr brp cpq = (ARp1)qr (ARq1)rp (ARr1)pq
 a2 + d2 – 2ad + a2 + a2 + d2 + 2ad = 83 = A(qr+rp+pq) R(pqprq+r+qrpqr+p+prrqp+q)
 2(a2 + d2) + a2 = 83 = A0R0 = 1
144
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
5 1 a(r n  1)
40. a= ,r= <1 47. Given that  255 ( r > 1) ….(i)
2 2 r 1

 Sn =

a 1  rn  = 5  2n  1 arn–1 = 128
and common ratio r = 2
….(ii)
….(iii)
1 r n
 2  From (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
41. Given series is a G.P. with a = 2 and r = 3 a(2)n–1 = 128 ….(iv)

 = a(2  1)
n


10
2 3 1 and  255 ….(v)
2(243  1) 3 1 2 1
 S10 = 
3 1 3 1 3 1 Dividing (v) by (iv), we get
= 121 6 + 121 2 2n  1 255

= 121 ( 6 + 2 ) 2n 1 128
255
 1  1  1  2  2 n 1 
42. 1   + 1   + 1   + …. 128
 2  4  8 255
 2 1  2  n  =
1 1 1  128
 Sn = n      ....upto n terms 
2 4 8   2–n = 2–8
n=8
1 1 
n

1     Putting n = 8 in equation (iv),

2   2   = n  1  1 
=n  n 
we get a.27 = 128 = 27 or a = 1
1  2 
1
2 S3 125 S 125
–n 48. =  3 =
=n–1+2 S6  S3 27 S6 152
43. t4 = 24 and t9 = 768 a(1  r 3 ) 125 1 125
 t4 = ar3  ar3 = 24  =  =
a(1  r 6 ) 152 1  r3 152
and t9 = ar8  ar8 = 768
Solving, a = 3 and r = 2 > 1 27 3
 r3 = r=
125 5
a  r10  1 3  210  1
 S10 = = = 3(210  1) t2 b
r 1 2 1 49. r= = ; last term = c
44. S10 = 244 S5 t1 a
 (1  r10) = 244 (1  r5)  arn  1 = c
 r10  244 r5 + 243 = 0 ar n
 r5 = 243 or r5 = 1  =c
r
 r = 3 or r = 1  arn = cr
45. a1 = 3, an = 96 b
 a1rn–1 = 96 a  c 
a(1  r ) a  ar
n n
a  cr a
 rn–1 = 32  Sn = = = =
1 r 1 r 1 r 1
b
rn1 = 25
a
2n1 = 25
 n  1= 5 50. We have
n=6 1 + a + a2 + ….. + ax = (1 + a)(1 +a2)(1 + a4)
46. a = 7 and arn–1 = 448 (1  a x 1 )
 = (1 + a)(1 + a2) + (1 + a4)
a(r n  1) (1  a)
Now, Sn = = 889
r 1  (1 – ax+1) = (1 – a)(1 + a)(1 + a2)(1 + a4)
(ar n 1.r  a) 448r  7  (1 – ax+1) = (1 – a8)
 = 889  = 889
r 1 r 1 x+1=8
r=2 x=7
145
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
144. Given equation of circle Let M = (x, y)
x2 + y2 + 2x  2y  2 = 0 Since, AM = 2AB
 (x + 1)2 + (y  1)2 = 4 AB 1
O(1, 1)  =
 centre = (1, 1), and AM 2
radius = 2 2  B is the mid point of seg AM.
OM 45 45  x y 3
sin 45 = A B  B=  ,
OA M 
2 2 
 OM = 2 Since, B lies on circle x2 + 4x + (y – 3)2 = 0
 locus of the mid-points of the chord is 2 2
 x  x  y3 
2
(x + 1) + (y  1) = 2
 2 2    + 4  + 
2 2  2
 3 = 0

 x2 + 2x + 1 + y2  2y + 1 = 2 x 2
y  6x  9
 x2 + y2 + 2x  2y = 0 i.e. + 2x + =0
4 4
145. i.e. x2 + y2 + 8x – 6y + 9 = 0
is the required locus of M.
(1, 2)
148. For given circle, x2 + y2  2ax  2ay + a2 = 0
r Centre = (a, a)
Also, radius = a2  a2  a2 = a
x+y+k=0
Y
Since, x + y + k = 0 touches the given circle.
1(1)  1(2)  k
 = radius
11 (a,a)
3 k a
   2  k = 1 or k = 5 a
2 X X
O
146. The diameter of the circle is perpendicular Y
distance between the parallel lines (tangents)
Now, 3x – 4y + 4 = 0 ….(i) The above circle touches x = 0.
6x  8y – 7 = 0 149. Given equation is x2 + y2  6x + 2y = 0.
7 Centre = (3, 1)
i.e., 3x – 4y – = 0 ….(ii)
2 Since, diameter is passing through origin and
Since, equation (i) and (ii) are parallel to each (3, 1).
other.  option (A) is the correct answer.
 7 150.
4 
 diameter =  2  = 15 = 3
(3)  (4) 2
2 25 2

C2 (h, k)
3 C1 (4, 4)
 radius =
4
147. M(x, y) Y
Given, x2 + y2  8x  8y  4 = 0
B 5
 (x2  8x + 16) + (y2  8y + 16) = 16 + 16 + 4
4
 (x  4)2 + (y  4)2 = 36
A(0, 3)
x2 + 4x + (y – 3)2 = 0 2
Equation of circle touching X – axis
1 (x  h)2 + (y  k)2 = k2
X
Since, both circle touches externally
–4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3
–1  distance between their centre = r1 + r2
–2
4  h  4  k = 6 + k
2 2

108
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series

1 x 1 a
60. We have, x = a
n 0
n
=
1 a
a=
x
66. Let the terms of given G.P. be
r
, a, ar

1 y 1 a
y= b
n 0
n
=
1 b
 b=
y
then product =
r
 a  ar = 1000

a

1 z 1 , a + 6, ar + 7 are in A.P.
z = a b =  ab =
n n
r
n 0 1  ab z
a 10
x 1 y 1 z 1  2(a + 6) = + ar + 7  25 = + 10 r
 . = r r
x y z  2r2  5r + 2 = 0
 xy + z = zx + yz  (2r  1)(r  2) = 0
61. a = 3, r = 3 1
 r = 2,
G.M. = (3.32.33………3n)1/n 2
 n (n21) 
1/ n
(n 1) Hence, the G.P is 5, 10, 20,…. or 20, 10, 5.…
1+2+3…….+n 1/n
= (3 ) =3  =3 2
67. Suppose that x to be added then numbers 13, 15,
  19 so that new numbers x + 13, 15 + x, 19 + x
will be in H.P.
62. As given, G = xy 2( x  13)(19  x)
 (15 + x) 
1 1 1 1 x  13  x  19
 + 2 = +
G x22
G y 2
xy  x 2
xy  y 2  x + 31x + 240 = x2 + 32x + 247  x = –7
2

1  1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=   = = 2 68. a, b, c are in H.P. 
, , are in A.P.
x y  x y  xy G a b c
1 1 1 1 ab a
g1 g b  – = –  =
63. a, g1, g2, b are in G.P.  = 2 = b a c b bc c
a g1 g2
1
g1 g g b g2 g2 69. 7th term of corresponding A.P. is and 8th
 = 2 and 2 =  a = 1 and b = 2 8
a g1 g1 g 2 g2 g1 1
term will be
g 2
g 2
7
 +1
=a+b 2

g2 g1 1 1
 a + 6d = and a + 7d =
8 7
64. G.M = b = ac 1 1
Solving these, we get d = and a =
1 1 1 1 56 56
+ = + Therefore, 15th term of this A.P.
ba bc ac  a ac  c
1 1 15
1 1 = + 14  =
= + 56 56 56
a  c  a  c  a  c 
Hence, the required 15th term of the H.P. is
1 1 56
=  .
a  c  a  c  c  a  15

1 1 70. Let a be the first term and d be the common

= = difference of the corresponding A.P.
ac b
pth term of A.P. (Tp) = a + (p – 1)d
65. Let the 9 terms of a G.P. be 1
 …..(i)
a a a a q
, 3 , 2 , ,a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4
4
r r r r qth term of A.P. (Tq) = a + (q – 1) d
Given, fifth term a = 2 1
 …..(ii)
Hence, product of 9 terms is a9 = (2)9 = 512 p

147
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 1 pq 75. a, b, c are in H.P.
From (i) – (ii), (p – q)d =  =
q p pq 2ac
 b=
1 ac
d= 2bd
pq Also b, c, d are in H.P.  c =
bd
From (i),
4abcd
1 1 1 Multiplying we get, bc =
a + (p – 1) = a= (a  c) (b  d)
pq q pq
 ab + bc + cd + ad = 4ad
 Tpq  a  (pq  1)d
 ab + bc + cd = 3ad
1 1
  (pq  1) = 1 76. We know that A > G > H
pq pq
Where A is arithmetic mean, G is geometric
Therefore, pqth term is 1. mean and H is harmonic mean, then A > G
 a2  ab
2    ab or (a + b) > 2 ab
 1  a 2 b2  2a 2 2
71. H.M. = = =a
a a 2a 77. Let the numbers be a and b, then

1  ab 1  ab 2ab ab
4= a+b=
ab 2
2ab c 2b c 2a
72. c=  = and = ab
ab a ab b ab A= and G = ab
2
c c 2b 2a Also, 2A + G2 = 27
 + = + =2
a b ab ab ab
 a + b + ab = 27  + ab = 27  ab = 18
2ab 2
73. H= and hence a + b = 9.
ab
Only option A satisfies this condition.
2ab ab  a 2
Ha= a=
ab ab 78. As given, 2b = a + c  32b = 3a+c
or (3b)2 = 3a.3c i.e 3a, 3b, 3c are in G.P.
2ab ab  b 2
and H  b = b=
ab ab T2 T3
79. 
1 1 ab ab T1 T2
 + = +
H  a H  b ab  a 2 ab  b2  2(b–a)x = 2(c–b)x
a  b  b  a    (b – a)x = (c – b)x
 b  a   ab 
=  (b – a) = (c – b)  x, x ≠ 0
 2ax+1, 2bx+1, 2cx+1 is a G.P.,  x ≠ 0
1 1
= +
a b 80. a, b, c are in A.P.  2b = a + c
Now,
2ab H 2b (10bx+10)2 = (10ax+10. 10cx+10)
74. H=  =
ab a ab  102 (bx+10) = 10ax+cx+20
Ha 3b  a  2(bx + 10) = ax + cx + 20,  x
 =
Ha ba  2b = a + c i.e. a, b, c are in A.P.
H  b 3a  b 3a  b Hence, these are in G.P.  x
Similarly, = =
Hb ab ba Alternate Method :
Ha Hb 2b  2a As we know if a, b, c are in A.P., then xan+r,
 + = =2
Ha Hb ba xbn+r, xcn+r are in G.P. for every n and r.

148
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
81.  a, b, c are in G.P.  b2 = ac …..(i) 86. Let S = 1 + 2.2 + 3.22 + 4.23 + …. + 100.299
Let ax = by = cz = k 2S = 1.2 + 2.22 + 3.23 + …. + 100.2100
 a = k1/x, b = k1/y, c = k1/z S  2S = 1 + (1.2 + 1.22 + 1.23
Putting these values in (i), + …. upto 99 terms)  1002100
1 1
 2 1 1 2(299  1)
k2/y = k1/x. k1/z  k x z i.e.,    S=1 + 100.2100
y x z 2 1
1 1 1 =  1  2100 + 2 + 100.2100
 , , are in A.P. or x, y, z are in H.P.
x y z = 1 + 99  2100
log x log x log x 87. Given series, let
82. Here, , , are in H.P.
log a log b log c 2 3 4 n
Sn  1   2  3  .........  n 1
log a log b log c 5 5 5 5
 , , are in A.P. 1 1 2 3 n
log x log x log x Sn   2  3  .......  n
5 5 5 5 5
 logx a, logx b, logx c are in A.P.
 a, b, c are in G.P. Subtracting,
 1 1 1 1
1 1 1  1   Sn  1   2  3
83. Clearly, x = ,y= ,z=  5 5 5 5
1 a 1 b 1 c
n
Since a, b, c are in A.P. + ……..+ upto n terms 
 1 – a, 1 – b, 1 – c are also in A.P. 5n
1 1 1 1
 , , are in H.P. 1
1 a 1 b 1 c 4 5n  n
 Sn 
 x, y, z are in H.P. 5 4 5n
5
a 9
84. Given that  or a = 9b 25 4n  5
b 1  Sn  
2ab 16 16  5n 1
Here, H  and G  ab
ab 88. Let Sn = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + …. + nxn – 1…. (i)
2ab 2.9b 2 3 xSn = x + 2x2 + 3x3 + ….. + nxn ……(ii)
H:G  : ab  : 3b 
ab 10b 5 Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
Hence, G : H = 5 : 3 (1 – x) Sn = 1 + x + x2 + x3+…..to n terms – nxn
H.M. 12 (1  x n )
85. Given that = = – nxn
G.M. 13 1 x
2ab (1  x n )  nx n (1  x)
12 a  b 13  Sn =
 ab = or = (1  x) 2
ab 13 2 ab 12
1  (n  1) x n  nx n 1
(a  b)  2 ab 13  12 25 =
 = = (1  x) 2
(a  b)  2 ab 13  12 1
a b 5 89. Let S = 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16 + …. + tn
 =
a b 1 S = 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16 + ….. tn1 + tn
( a  b)  ( a  b) 5 1 Subtracting, we get
 = 0 = 2 + {2 + 3 + 4 + ….. + (tn  tn1)}  tn
( a  b)  ( a  b ) 5  1
 tn = 1 + {1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ….. upto n terms)
2 a 6
 = 1
2 b 4 tn = 1 + n(n+1)
2
1/ 2
a 6 2  n2  n n2  n  2
  = a:b=9:4 = =
b 4 2 2
149
 Chapter 07: Circle and Conics

x2 y 2 a 2  b2 Now, foci are (ae, 0), (ae, 0)

8. Eccentricity of 
a 2 b2
 1 is e 
a2 i.e.,   
7,0 ,  7,0 
Eccentricity of conjugate hyperbola is Centre of the circle is (0, 3)
a b 2 2
 radius of the circle is
e' 
b2
 
2
7  0   0  3 =
2
= 79 = 4
The given equation of hyperbola can be
written as
x2 y 2
x2 y 2 11. The equation of the ellipse is   1.
 1 4 1
1 1
Let e be its eccentricity.
3
1 3
1 Then, e = 1  =
Here, a 2  1, b 2  4 2
3
1
The foci of the ellipse are S  
3,0 and
1
 e' 
1
3  4 2 
S  3 ,0 . 
3 1 2
Eccentricity of the hyperbola = =
e 3
9. Let AB be the line of intersection of the two 2
circles 4  a
A  b2 = a2  1 = ….(i)
3  3

M
L
The hyperbola passes through S  
3 ,0 .
O C
3
 2
 0 = 1  a2 = 3
a
B Putting a2 = 3 in (i), we get
x  y  25
2 2
….(i) b2 = 1
x  y  8x  7  0
2 2
….(ii) Hence, the equation of the hyperbola is
Solving (i) and (ii), we get coordinates of A x2 y 2
  1 i.e., x2  3y2 = 3.
and B. 3 1
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get 12. Semi minor axis = b = 2
8 x  32  0  x  4 Semi major axis = a = 4
From (i), we get 16  y 2  25 x2 y 2
Equation of ellipse is 2  2 = 1
 y 2  9  y  3 a b
Thus coordinates of A and B are (4, 3) and x2 y 2
(4, –3).   =1
16 4
y 3 x 4  x2 + 4y2 = 16
 equation of L is   x40
33 4 4
13. Given equation of circle is
Also coordinates of centre C of second circle
x2 + y2  4x  8y  5 = 0
is (4, 0).
Hence, CM  Length of perpendicular from  Centre = (2, 4) and radius = 4  16  5 = 5
44 the circle is intersecting the line 3x  4y = m
C to the line L  0 at two distinct points.
1
 length of perpendicular from centre on the line
10. Here a2 = 16, b2 = 9 < radius
But b2 = a2(1  e2) 6  16  m
 5
 9 = 16(1  e2) 5
9 7 7  |10 + m| < 25
 e2 = 1   e=
16 16 4   25 < m + 10 < 25   35 < m < 15

111
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 108. Let S = i  2  3i + 4 + 5i + ….. + 100i100
101.  +  +…. = 1  +  +….
2! 3! 4! 5! 1! 2! 3!  S = i + 2i2 + 3i3 + 4i4 + 5i5 + ….. + 100i100
which is the expansion of e1  iS = i2 + 2i3 + 3i4 + 4i5 +…+ 99i100 +100i101
x2  x  x4  x 
102. e–x = (1 – x) +  1  + 1   + …
2!  3  4!  5   S – iS = [i + i2 + i3 + i4 + …. + i100]  100i101
1  1 1  1  S(1  i) = 0  100i101 =  100 i
 e–1 = (1 – 1) + 1   + 1   + .... 100i
2!  3  4!  5   S= = 50i(1 + i) =  50(i  1)
2 4 6 1 i
= + + + …. = 50(1  i)
3! 5! 7!
1 1
103. Let tn = 109. Here, Tr = , r = 1, 2, …. n
 n  1! r(r  1)
1 1 1 1 1 1
Sn =     ....  Tr = 
2! 3! 4! 5! r r 1
 1 1 1 1 1   1 n
= 1       ....  1  1!  Required sum =  Tr
 1! 2! 3! 4! 5!   
r 1
= e  (1 + 1) = e  2
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
1 1 = 1           ….+   
 e   1 (e  1) 2  2  2 3  3 4  n n 1
2 e
104. Given ratio =  
1 1 (e  1) (e  1) 1 n
e   =1– =
2 e n 1 n 1
e 1
 110. sin A, cos A and tan A are in G.P.
e 1
sin 2 A
1 1 1  cos2 A = sin A tan A =
105. + + + ….  cos A
1 2 3 4 5 6 3 2
 cos A = sin A
 1 1 1 1 1
= 1   +    +    + …. to   cos3 A = 1  cos2 A
 2 3 4 5 6
= log 2  cos3 A + cos2 A = 1
n
3n  1 1 1
106. Tn = n = 1    111. cos4  sec2 , and sin4  cosec2  are in A.P.
3 3 2
1 1
n
  1 = cos  sec  + sin4  cosec2 
4 2

n 1      cos4  sin2  + sin4  cos2  = sin2  cos2 

n
1 3   3  
Sn = n    3  =n
 1  (1  sin2 ) cos2  sin2  + sin4  (1 sin2)
1  
n 1
 3 = sin2  (1  sin2 )
1 1  cos  sin +sin sin2 sin2(cos2+sin2)
2 2 4

=n (1  3n) = n + (3n  1) = sin2   sin4 

2 2
107. The series is  sin4+sin4–sin2 sin2 –sin2  (1 – cos2 )
2 (2  5)  2  5  8  (2  5  8  11) =0
+ + + +…..  sin4  + sin4   2 sin2  sin2  = 0
1! 2! 3! 4!
(2  5  8  ......n terms)  (sin2   sin2 )2 = 0
Hence, Tn =
n!  sin2  = sin2  and cos2  = cos2 
n  cos8  sec6  + sin8  cosec6 
[2.2  (n  1)3]
= 2 = cos2  + sin2  = 1
n! 1
n (3n  1)  cos8  sec6 , and sin8  cosec6  are in
Tn = 2
2(n)! A.P.
151
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
2 log
 0.1 
20  1 0.1  116. Given, cos (  ), cos  and cos ( + ) are
log  0.1  0.01  .....  1 
112. (0.05) 20
=  in H.P.
 20 
1 1 1
= 20
2log
20
(1/9)
= 20
2log
20
9
 , , will be in A.P.
cos(  ) cos  cos(   )
92
= 92 = 81
log
= 20 20
2 1 1
 = +
113. If logaxx, logbx x, logcx x are in H.P cos  cos(  ) cos(  )
1 1 1 cos(  )  cos(   )
Then , , are in A.P. =
log ax x log bx x log cx x cos 2   sin 2 
i.e., log x ax, log x bx, log x cx are in A.P. 2 2cos  cos 
 =
 2 logx bx = logx ax + logx cx cos  cos 2   sin 2 
 logx b2x2 = logx ac. x2  cos2   sin2  = cos2  cos 
 b2x2 = ac. x2  cos2  (1  cos ) = sin2 
 b2 = ac    
 a, b, c, are in G.P  cos2   2sin 2  = 4 sin2 cos2
 2 2 2
114. A.M.  G.M.

27cos x  81sin x  cos2  sec2 =2
  27cos x  81sin x 2
2

 27cos x + 81sin x  2 33cos x  4sin x  cos  sec =  2
2
 27cos x + 81sin x  2  35
117. sin  = sin  cos 
….[5  3 cos x + 4 sin x  5]
 sin  cos  = sin2 
2
 27cos x + 81sin x   sin 2  = 2 sin2 
9 3  1  2 sin2  = 1  sin 2 
Hence, the minimum value of 27cos x + 81sin x
 
2  cos 2  = 1  cos   2 
is . 2 
9 3
 
7 = 2 sin2    
2  4 
115. Since, tan , x, tan are in A.P. and
18 18
2 5 cos(A  C) cos A cos C  sin A sin C
tan , y, tan are in A.P. 118. cos 2B  
18 18 cos(A  C) cos A cos C  sin A sin C
2 7 2 5 1  tan 2 B 1  tan A tan C
 2x = tan + tan and 2y = tan + tan  
18 18 18 18 1  tan 2 B 1  tan A tan C
 2x = tan 20+ tan 70and  1+ tan2 B  tanA tan C  tan A tan C tan2 B
2y = tan 20+ tan 50 = 1 tan2 B + tan A tan C  tan A tan C tan2 B
sin(20  70) sin(20  50)  2 tan2 B = 2 tan A tan C
 2x = and 2y =
cos 20 cos 70 cos 20 cos 50
 tan2 B = tan A tan C
sin 90 sin 70  tan A, tan B, tan C are in G.P.
 2x = and 2y =
sin 20 cos 20 cos 20  cos 50
1 1
x= and 2y = Competitive Thinking
2sin 20 cos 20 cos 50
1 1 1. The given sequence is an A.P.
x= and 2y =
sin 40 sin 40 a = 10, d = 3
 x = 2y  = 2
x t30 = 10 + (30  1) (3)
y = 77
152
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
2 6 10. Given that, tp = a + (p  1)d = q …. (i)
2. Given series 27 + 9 + 5 + 3 + …..
5 7 and tq = a + (q  1)d = p …. (ii)
27 27 27 27 (p  q)
= 27 + + + + ….. + + ….. From (i) and (ii), we get d =  =1
3 5 7 2n 1 (p  q)
27 Putting the value of d in equation (i), we get
Hence, nth term of given series tn = a=p+q1
2n  1
27 27 10 tr = a + (r  1)d = (p + q  1) + (r  1)(1)
So, t9 = = =1 =p+qr
2  9  1 17 17
1
3. Since, a, 9, 3a – b and 3a + b are in A.P. 11. tm = a + (m  1)d = and
n
 9 – a = (3a + b) – (3a – b)
 9 – a = 2b  a + 2b = 9 .…(i)
1
tn = a + (n  1)d =
Also, 9 – a = (3a – b)  9 m
 4a – b = 18 ….(ii) 1 1
On solving, a = and d =
Eliminating b from (i) and (ii), we get mn mn
4a – 18 = (9 – a)/2 1 1
 tmn = a + (mn  1)d = + (mn  1) =1
 8a – 36 = 9 – a  9a = 45  a = 5 mn mn
So, first 2 terms of the A.P. are 5 and 9 12. Let the first term be a and common difference
So, a = 5, d = 4 be d.
 2011th term = a + 2010d The last 3 terms are T23, T22 and T21.
= 5 + 2010  4 According to the given condition,
= 8045 T21 + T22 + T23 = 261
4. According to the given condition,  (a + 20d) + (a + 21d) + (a + 22d) = 261
100 (a + 99d) = 50(a + 49d)  3a + 63d = 261 ….(i)
 2a + 198d = a + 49d Also, sum of 3 middle terms = 141
 a + 149d = 0  T11 + T12 + T13 = 141
 T150 = a + 149d = 0  (a + 10d) + (a + 11d) + (a + 12d) = 141
5. a + 1, 2a + 1, 4a  1 are in AP.  3a + 33d = 141 ….(ii)
 2a + 1  (a + 1) = 4a  1  (2a + 1) Solving (i) and (ii), we get a = 3
 a = 2a  2 13. 164 = (3m2 + 5m) – {3(m – 1)2 + 5(m – 1)}
a=2 = (3m2 + 5m) – 3m2 + 6m – 3 – 5m + 5
6. It is not possible to express a + b + 4c – 4d + e  164 = 6m + 2  m = 27
in terms of a. 14. a = 3, d = 2
44 4 n
7. Required ratio is = Sn = [2a + (n  1) d]
99 9 2
8. Given series 63 + 65 + 67 + 69 + ….. …. (i) n
= [6 + (n  1) 2]
and 3 + 10 + 17 + 24 + ….. …. (ii) 2
Now from (i), mth term = (2m + 61) and = n(n + 2)
mth term of (ii) series = (7m  4) 15. Series 108 + 117 + ... + 999 is an A.P.
According to the given condition, Here, a = 108, d = 9, tn = l = 999
7m  4 = 2m + 61 Before 108, there are 11 multiples of 9
 5 m = 65  m = 13 (and 108 is 12th multiple. 999 is 111th multiple
9. According to the given condition, of 9).
p {a+(p 1)d} = q {a+(q 1)d}  From 108 to 999 there are 100 terms.
 a(p  q) + (p2  q2)d + (q  p)d = 0  Required sum
 (p  q) {a + (p + q  1)d} = 0 100  n 
= (108 + 999) …  Sn   a  l  
 a + (p + q  1)d = 0 ....[ p  q] 2  2 
 tp+q = 0 = 50  1107 = 55350

153
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Y 26. Locus of the point P, if A and B are fixed and
PA + PB = constant, is an ellipse.
 12 9  M
 ,  B(0,1) We have, PA + PB = 4, which is a constant.
 5 5
X  Locus of the point P is an ellipse.
X
N O A(3,0)
27. Locus of the point P, if A and B are fixed and

APB  , is a circle with diameter AB.
Y 2
1
Now, area of AOM =  OA  MN But, we have PA2 + PB2 = constant.
2
 Locus of the point P is a circle.
1 9 27
=  3 = sq. unit.
2 5 10 28. y = 7x – 25 ....(i)
2 2
and x + y = 25
24. In the given figure, S is focus whose
coordinates are (ae, 0).  x2 + (7x  25)2 = 25
 x2 + 49x2 + 625 – 350x = 25
 ABS is an equilateral triangle.
50x2  350x + 600 = 0
1 3  x2  7x +12 = 0  x = 3, 4
 Area of ABS =  AB  OS  (side)2
2 4 Substituting x = 3,4 in (i), we get
1 3 y = 21 – 25  y = 4, y = 28 – 25  y = 3
  2b  ae = (2b) 2
2 4 Let A  (3, 4), B  (4, 3)
Y Using distance formula, we get
A(0, b)
AB = (3  4) 2  (4  3) 2

X X  1  49  50  5 2
O S

B(0,b)
Y
 ae = 3b ….(i)
2 2 2
Also, b = a (1  e )
2
 ae  2 2
  = a (1  e ) ....[From (i)]
 3
 e2 = 3  3e2
3
e=
2

x2 y 2
25. The auxiliary circle of the ellipse  1
a 2 b2
is x2 + y2 = a2
Area of this circle = a2
 a2 = 2  ab
 a = 2b
b2
Eccentricity of ellipse = 1 
a2
b2 3
 1 2

4b 2

114
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
  n 1   27. Given that Sn = nA + n2B
2  a1    d1 
   2   = 2n  3 Putting n = 1, 2, 3, …… we get
  n 1   6n  5 S1 = A + B, S2 = 2A + 4B, S3 = 3A + 9B
2 a 2    d2  ..............................................................
  2  
..............................................................
 n 1  Therefore,
a1    d1
 2  2n  3 T1 = S1 = A + B,
 =

a2  
n  1  6n  5 T2 = S2 – S1 = A + 3B,
 d2
 2  T3 = S3 – S2 = A + 5B,
2(25)  3 ..............................................................
a1  12d1
Put n = 25 then = ..............................................................
a 2  12d 2 6(25)  5 Hence, the sequence is
t131 53 (A + B), (A + 3B), (A + 5B)…….
 = Here, a = A + B and common difference
t132 155
d = 2B

25. Let the first term be a and common difference 28. S1 = a2 + a4 + a6 + a8 + …. + a100
be d. S2 = a1 + a3 + a5 + a7 + …. + a99
 S1  S2 = (a2  a1) + (a4  a3) +… + (a100  a99)
a1  a 2  ...  a p
p2
Given,  2 S  S2
a1  a 2  ...  a q q = d + d + … + d = 50d  d = 1
50
pa  d[1  2  ...  (p  1)] p 2 29. As given a2  a1 = a3  a2 = … = an  an1 = d
 
qa  d[1  2  ...  (q  1)] q 2 Where d is the common difference of the
given A.P.
p(p  1)  p 1 
pa  d 2 a  d Also an = a1 + (n  1)d
2 p  2  p
  2  Then by rationalising each term,
q(q  1)  q 1 
qa  d q a   d
q
1 1 1
2  2  + +…..+
a 2  a1 a3  a2 a n  a n 1
a6 a  5d
We have to find,  a 2  a1 a3  a2 a n  a n 1
a 21 a  20d = + +…..+
a 2  a1 a3  a2 a n  a n 1
p 1 q 1
Put  5 and = 20 1
2 2 = ( a 2  a1 + a 3  a 2 +…..+ a n
d
 p = 11 and  q = 41
 a n 1 )
a  5d 11
 = 1 1  a n  a1 
a  20d 41 = ( an  a1 ) =  
d d  a n  a1 

26. Acording to the given condition,
1  (n  1)d  n 1
n m =   =
{2a + (n  1)d} = {2a + (m 1)d} d  a n  a1  a n  a1
2 2
 2a(m  n) + d(m2  m  n2 + n) = 0 1 1 1 1
30.   ...  
 (m  n){2a + d(m + n  1)} = 0 S1S2 S2S3 S100S101 6
 2a + (m + n  1)d = 0 ....[ m  n] 1  S2  S1 S3  S2 S S  1
    ...  101 100  
d  S1S2 S2S3 S100S101  6
mn
 Sm+n = {2a + (m + n  1)d}
2 ….[ S2  S1 = S3 – S2 = … = d]

=
mn
{0} = 0 11 1 1 1 1 1  1
2
      ...   
d  S1 S2 S2 S3 S100 S101  6

155
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

11 1  1 11 1  1 
= (1  1)  1    ...  
1 n  1 
          2

 n  2 
d  S1 S101  6 d  S1 S1  100d  6
 1 1 1 
1 100d  1   1    ...  
    2 3 n 3
d  S1.(S1  100d)  6
n 1 1
 S1.(S1 + 100d) = 600 ….(i) = (n – 3) + = (n – 3) + 1 +
n2 n2
Given, S1 + S101 = 50
1
 S1 + (S1 + 100d) = 50  2S1 + 100d = 50 = (n – 2) +
 S1 + 50d = 25 n2
 S1 = 25  50d ….(ii) 33. As given
Putting (ii) in (i), we get d = a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = ….= an – an–1
(25 – 50d).(25 + 50d) = 600  sin d {cosec a1 cosec a2 + ….. + cosec an–1
 625 – 2500 d2 = 600 cosec an}
1 1 sin(a 2  a1 ) sin(a n  a n 1 )
 d2 =  d =   ...... 
100 10 sin a1 . sin a 2 sin a n 1 sin a n
 |S1 – S101| = |S1  (S1 + 100d)| = (cot a1 – cot a2) + (cot a2 – cot a3) + …. +
= |100d| = 100 |d| ….[ |xy| = |x|.|y|] (cot an–1 – cot an)
= cot a1 – cot an
 |S1 – S101| = 10 ….[ d = 1/10]
 7
31. a1, a2, a3, ….., an+1 are in A.P. and common 34. log32, log3(2x  5) and log3  2 x   are in A.P.
 2
difference = d
1 1 1   7 
Let S    ..........   2log3(2x  5) = log3  (2)  2 x   
a1a 2 a 2 a 3 a n a n 1   2 
x 2 x+1
 (2  5) = 2 7
1 d d d 
 S    ......    22x  12.2x + 32 = 0
d  a1a 2 a 2 a 3 a n a n 1   x = 2,3
1  a 2  a1 a 3  a 2 a a  But x = 2 does not hold, hence x = 3
 S    ......  n 1 n 
d  a1a 2 a 2a 3 a n a n 1  35. 2tan–1y = tan–1x + tan–1z
11 1 1 1 1 1   2y   xz 
 S       .......     tan1  2 
= tan1  
d  a1 a 2 a 2 a 3 a n a n 1  1 y   1  xz 
2y xz
11 1  1  a n1  a1   =
 S      1 y 2
1  xz
d  a1 a n1  d  a1a n1 
But 2y = x + z …[x, y, z are in A.P.]
1  nd  n
 S    2
1 – y = 1 – xz
d  a1a n 1  a1a n 1
 y2 = xz
Trick: Check for n = 2.  x, y, z are both in G.P. and A.P.,
32. Since, a1 = 0  x=y=z
 a2 = d, a3 = 2d,…
36. Since, a,b,c are in A.P., we get
 a3 a4 an   1 1 1 
    ...    a 2    ...   b – c = –d, ...(i)
 a2 a3 a n 1   a 2 a3 a n 2  c – a = 2d, ...(ii)
 2d 3d (n  1)d  a – b = –d ...(iii)
=    ...  
 d 2d (n  2)d  Also, since x, y, z are in G.P., we get
y2 = x.z ...(iv)
1 1 1 
d    ...   Now, xb – c.yc – a.za – b
 d 2d (n  3)d  = x–d.y2d.z–d ...[From (i), (ii), (iii)]
2 3 n 1   1 1 1  = x–d.(x.z)d.z–d
=    ...     1    ...  
1 2 n2  2 3 n 3 =1
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 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
37. If a, b, c are in A.P., then 2b = a + c 41. The given sequence is a G.P.
(a  c) 2 (a  c)2 1
So, 2 = a = 3, r =
(b  ac)  a  c 
2
 3
   ac  6 1
 2   1
t6 = 3  
4(a  c)2  3
=
[a 2  c 2  2ac  4ac] 1
5

= 3 
4(a  c) 2  3
= =4
(a  c) 2 1
=
Trick: Put a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, then the 81
4
required value is = 4. 1 20 9 60 6 3
1 42. r= .   
3 3 10 10 10 5
38. Let a – d, a, a + d be the roots of the equation 2
x3 – 12x2 + 39x – 28 = 0  10  3  10 9 2
 4
t5 = ar =    = . 
Then, (a – d) + a + (a + d) = 12 and  9  5  9 25 5
(a – d)a(a + d) = 28
 3a = 12 and a(a2 – d2) = 28 43. Given that x, 2x + 2, 3x + 3 are in G.P.
 a = 4 and a(a2 – d2) = 28 Therefore,
 16 – d2 = 7 (2x + 2)2 = x(3x + 3)
d=3  x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
 (x + 4)(x + 1) = 0
39. Arithmetic mean of nC0, nC1, nC2, ..., nCn
i.e. (n + 1) terms  x = 1,  4
n
C0  n C1  n C 2  ...n Cn Now, first term: a = x
= and second term: ar = 2(x + 1)
n 1
2( x  1)
2 n
r=
= x
n 1 3
 2( x  1)  8
40. For set a to 2b, then 4th term = ar3 = x   = 2 (x + 1)3
 x  x
2b is the (n + 2)th term
 2b = a + (n + 1)d Putting, x =  4
2b  a 8 27
d= We get, t4 = (3)3 =  =  13.5
n 1 16 2
 2b  a  44. Let the first four terms be a, ar, ar2, ar3,
 mth mean = a + md = a + m   ...(i)
 n 1  where r > 0, a > 0
For set 2a to b, According to the given conditions,
b is the (n + 2)th term a – ar = 12 and ar2 – ar3 = 48
 b = 2a + (n + 1)d By solving, we get r = 2 (r > 0)
b  2a So, a = 12
d=
n 1 1
45. t5 = ar4 = …..(i)
 b  2a  3
 mth mean = 2a + md = 2a + m   ...(ii)
 n 1  16
and t9 = ar8 = …..(ii)
 From (i) and (ii) 243
 2b  a   b  2a  2 27
a + m  = 2a + m   Solving (i) and (ii), we get r = and a =
 n 1   n 1  3 16
3 3
a m 3 2 1
 = Now 4th term = ar3 = 4 . 3 =
b n 1 m 2 3 2
157
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
46. tn = tn + 1 + tn + 2 Alternate method : As we know, if p, q, r in
 a r n 1 = a rn + a rn + 1 A.P., then pth, qth, rth terms of a G.P. are always
 rn  1 = rn (1 + r) in G.P., therefore, a, b, c will be in G.P. i.e.
 r2 + r = 1 b2 = ac.
 r2 + r  1 = 0
50. The given series is a G.P. with a = i, r = i
b  b 2  4ac i(1  i100 )
 r =  S100 =
2a
1 i
1  1  4 i(1  (i 2 )50 )
= =
2 1 i
1  5 i(1  1)
= = 0
2 1 i
47. Let first term and common ratio of G.P. are
ar n  a
respectively a and r, then under condition, 51.  364
tn = tn1 + tn2 r 1
 arn1 = arn2 + arn3 ar n 1 .r  a
 = 364 …..(i)
 arn1 = arn1 r1 + arn1 r2 r 1
1 1 3  243  a
1=  2  = 364
r r 2
 r2  r  1 = 0 a=1
Now, putting this in (i), n = 6
1 1 4 1 5
r= 
2 2 52.  nth term of series = arn1 = a(3)n1
Taking only (+) sign ( r > 1) = 486 …..(i)
and sum of n terms of series.
48. Let the G.P. be a, ar, ar2, ar3, ar4, … a(3n  1)
t2 + t5 = ar + ar4 = 216 Sn = = 728 ( r > 1) ......(ii)
3 1
t 4 ar 3 1
   3n 
t 6 ar 5 4 From (i), a   = 486 or a.3n = 3  486
 3
 r2 = 4  r =  2
= 1458
For r = 2, n
From (ii), a.3  a = 728  2
a(2 + 24) = 216
or a.3n  a = 1456
 a(18) = 216
 1458  a = 1456
216
a= = 12 a=2
18
For r = 2, 53. t2 = ar = 24
a(2 + 24) = 216 t5 = ar4 = 3
 a(14) = 216 t5 1
 = r3
216 108 t2 8
a=  1
14 7 r= & a = 48
 a = 12 2
a 1  r 6 
49. Let first term of G.P.= A and S6 =
common ratio = r 1r
We know that nth term of G.P. = Arn1   1 6 
48 1   
Now t4 = a = Ar3, t7 = b = Ar6 and t10 = c = Ar9   2   189
=  =
Relation b2 = ac is true because 1 2
1
b2 = (Ar6)2 = A2r12 and ac = (Ar3)(Ar9) = A2r12 2
158
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
54. 9 + 99 + 999 + .....10 terms 57. Since nm + 1 divides 1 + n + n2 + …… + n127
= (10 – 1) + (100 – 1) + (1000 – 1) 1  n  n 2  ......  n127
+ … 10 terms Therefore, is an integer
nm  1
= (10 + 100 + 1000 + … 10 terms) 1  n128 1
– (1 + 1 + 1 +… 10 terms)   m is an integer
1 n n 1
= (10 + 102 + 103 + … 10 terms) – (10)
(1  n 64 )(1  n 64 )
10 1010  1 
= –1 (1  n)(n m  1)
10  1 is an integer, when largest m = 64.
10 1010  1
=  10 2 1 1 1
9 58. , , ,......
2 1 2( 2  1) 2
10 1010 1  90 1
= Common ratio of the series 
9 2( 2  1)
100
=
9
109  1  sum 
a

 2 1


1 
1 

1  r  2  1   2( 2  1) 
55. Series 3 + 33 + 333 +…......+ n terms ( 2  1) 2 ( 2  1)
Given series can be written as,  .
( 2  1) (1  2)
1
= [9 + 99 + 999 +…..+ n terms]  2( 2  1) 2
3
1 59. Clearly it is a infinite G.P. whose common
= [(10 – 1) + (102 – 1) + (103 – 1)
3 ratio is 0.24.
+ …. + n terms] a 5.05
 S = = = 6.64474
1 1 1  r 1  0.24
= [10 + 102 + ….. + 10n]– [1 + 1 + 1
3 3 1 1
1  ....
+….+ n terms] 60. (32) (32)1/6(32)1/36 …. = (32) 6 36

1 10(10  1) 1
n 1 1 6
= .  .n = (32) 1 (1/6)
 (32) 5/6
 (32) 5
3 10  1 3
1 10  10
n 1
 = 26 = 64
   n
3 9  61. According to the given condition,
a 4
1 10n 1  9n 10  
   1 r 3
3 9  3 1  4
1   
 [10n 1  9n  10] 4 1 r  3
27 9 7
2 3 48 49
 r  1 
56. Let the G.P. be a, ar, ar , ar , ….., ar , ar 16 16
i.e., a1 = a, a2 = ar, a3 = ar2, …, a49 = ar48 62. According to the given condition,
and a50 = ar49 a
a1  a 3  a 5  .....  a 49
4=
 1 r
a 2  a 4  a 6  .....  a 50  4  a = 4 – 4r
a  ar 2  ar 4  .....  ar 48  4r = 4 – a
= Only option (D) satisfies this condition.
ar  ar 3  ar 5  .....  ar 49
a 1  ( r 2 ) 25  45
63. 3 + 3 + 32 + 33 + ……  =
1  (r )2
1 a a 8
= =   1
ar 1  ( r ) 
2 25
r ar a 2  1  45 7
 3  =  8 = 15(1  )   =
1  (r 2 ) 1    8 15

159
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
64. y = x  x2 + x3  x4 + …..  68. Since the series are in G.P., therefore
Then xy = x2  x3 + x4  ….. 1 1
x= and y =
Adding, y + xy = x + 0 + 0 ….. + 0 1 a 1 b
 x  xy = y x 1 y 1
 x(1  y) = y  a= ,b=
x y
y
 x=  1 + ab + a2b2 + ….. 
1 y 1 1 xy
Alternate method: = = =
1  ab x 1 y 1 x  y 1
1 .
x x x y
y=  y=
1  ( x) 1 x
1 1  a 
y 69. 1  cos    1 …   2  2
 y + yx = x x = 2 2 2  1  r 
1 y 1 3
 cos     cos
2 2 4
65. Common ratio (r) = 3
x  
2 4
For sum to be finite r < 1  1
x 70. 1 + sin x + sin2 x + …. upto  = 4 + 2 3
2<x 1
x>2   42 3
1  sin x
a 1
66. We have =x  1  sin x =
1 r 2(2  3)
a2 a a 4  2 3 1
and = . =y  sin x =
1 r 2
1 r 1 r 2(2  3)
a x(1  r)
 y = x. =x 3  2
1 r 1 r  sin x = x= ,
2 3 3
y 1 r x2 1 r
 2 =  = 
x 1 r y 1 r   234  2 232
71. 0.234 = =
x2 990 990
  (1  r) = 1 + r
y   423  4 419
72. 0.4 23 = =
 x  2
x 2 990 990
 r 1   =  1 +
 y y 73. 0.14189189189....
x2  y = 0.14 + 0.00189 + 0.00000189 + ……
 r= 2 14  1 1 
x y = + 189  5  8  .... 
100  10 10 
67. Let r be the common ratio of the G.P. Then  
1
a a 7  
S=  r=1 = + 189  10
5

1 r S 50 1   1  
Now Sn = Sum of n terms   103  
 
 1  rn 
= a  7  1 103 
 1 r 
=  5
+ 189 
50 10 999 
a 7 189 7 7
= (1  rn) = + = +
1 r 50 999 100 50 3700
  a n 
= S 1  1    7 7 21
= + =
  S   50 25  148 148
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 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
Alternate Method: 79. Since, a, b, c are in G.P.

0.14189  b2 = ac
14189  14 14175 21  logeb2 = logeac
= = =  logea  2 logeb + logec = 0
99900 99900 148
Given, (loge a)x2  (2 loge b) x + loge c = 0
74. Let  and  be the roots of equation Since, 1 satisfies this equation.
x2 – 18x + 9 = 0 Therefore, 1 is one root and other root say .
 G.M. of  and     9 = 3 [  = 9] log e c
 1. =
log e a
75. Let G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 be the G.M.’s are   = loga c
2
inserted between 486 and . So total terms x n 1  y n 1
3 80.  xy  xn+1 + yn+1 = xy (xn + yn)
are 7. xn  y n
tn = arn1 n
1
 1 1
 n 
1 1 1

2 1 x 2
 x2  y2   y 2  x2  y2 
   
 = 486(r)6  r =    
3 3 1
n
Hence, 4th G.M. will be, t5 = ar4 x 2 1
  =1  n = 
1  y 2
= 486 ( )4
3
81. a + d, a + 4d, a + 8d, are in G.P.
=6
 (a + 4d)2 = (a + d) (a + 8d)
76. Let a  d, a, a + d be three numbers in A.P.  8d2 = ad 
a
=8
 a + d + a + a  d = 15 d
a=5 a  4d
 common ratio =
a  d + 1, a + 4, a + d + 19 are in G.P. ad
 6  d, 9, 24 + d are in G.P. 84 4
= =
 81 = (6  d) (24 + d) 8 1 3
 81 = 144 + 6d  24d  d2
1 1
 d2 + 18d  63 = 0 82. Series, 2, 2 , 3 , …… are in H.P.
2 3
 d = 3, 21
1 2 3
 the numbers are 2, 5, 8 and 26, 5, 16  , , ,….. will be in A.P.
2 5 10
77. x, y, z are in G.P., then y2 = x.z 1
Now ax = by = cz = m Now, first term a = and
2
 x loge a = y loge b = z loge c = loge m 1
 x = loga m, y = logb m, z = logc m common difference d = 
10
y z So, 5th term of the A.P.
Again as x, y, z are in G.P., so =
x y 1  1 1
= + (5  1)    =
log b m log c m 2  10  10
 =
log a m log b m Hence, 5th term of the H.P. is 10.
 logb a = logc b 83. Here, 5th term of the corresponding
78. Let a1/x = b1/y = c1/z A.P. = a + 4d = 45 …..(i)
and 11th term of the corresponding
 a = k x, b = k y, c = kz
A.P. = a + 10d = 69 …..(ii)
Now, a, b, c are in G.P.
From (i) and (ii), we get a = 29, d = 4
 b2 = ac Therefore, 16th term of the corresponding A.P.
 k2y = kx.kz = kx+z = a + 15d = 29 + 15  4 = 89
 2y = x + z 1
 x, y, z are in A.P. Hence, 16th term of the H.P. is .
89
161
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
84. Since a1, a2, a3, …….. an are in H.P 88. Since, a, b, c are in H.P.
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2ac
Therefore , , , ….. will be in A.P.    b=
a1 a 2 a 3 an b a c ac
Consider option (B),
1 1 1 1
Which gives, – =  = …….  1 1   2 
a2 a1 a3 a2 2 .   2 
1
 
bc ab   ab c 

1 1 ca 1 1 ac
=  =d 
an a n 1 bc ab abc
a1  a 2 a  a3 a a 2(abc) 2
 = 2 = …… = n 1 n = d = 
a1a 2 a 2a3 a n 1a n ab 2 c(a  c) b(a  c)
 a1  a2 = da1a2, a2  a3 = da2a3 b(a  c)
 ca =
and an1  an = dan1an 2
Adding these, we get 2ac
b=
d(a1a2 + a2a3 + …… + an1an) ac
= (a1 + a2 + ….. + an1)  (a2 + a3 + ….. + an) 1 1 1
 , , are in H.P.
= a1  an …..(i) bc ca ab
Also nth term of this A.P. is given by 2pq
89. As given H 
1 1 a1  a n pq
= + (n  1)d  d =
an a1 a1a n (n  1) H H 2q 2p 2(p  q)
     =2
Substituting this value of d in (i) p q pq pq pq
a a
(a1  an)= 1 n (a1a2 + a2a3 +…..+ an1an) 90. Let, the distance of school from home = d
a1a n (n  1) and time taken are t1 and t2 .
(a1a2 + a2a3 + …… + an1an) = a1an(n  1) d d
 t1 = and t2 =
(n  1)ab x y
85. We know that, xn = Totaldistance
na  b Avg. velocity =
6 Total time
7 .3. 
 13  2d 2 xy
 Sixth H.M. i.e. x6 =   , which is the H.M. of x and y.
 6 d d x y
 6. 3     
 13  x y
126 2 xz
= 91. If x, y, z are in H.P., then y =
240 xz
63  loge(x + z) + loge(x  2y + z)
=
120 = loge{(x + z) (x  2y + z)}
 4 xz  
86. Let roots be ,  then = loge  x  z   x  z  
  x  z  
b
 +  =  = 10 = loge[(x + z)2  4xz]
a
= loge(x  z)2
c
 = = 11 = 2 loge(x  z)
a
a n 1  b n 1 2ab
2 11  2 11 92. We have =
H.M. = = = a n  bn ab
 10 5
 an+2 + abn+1 + ban+1 + bn+2 = 2an+1b + 2bn+1a
2ac  an+1(a  b) = bn+1 (a  b)
87. a,b,c are in H.P. b = n 1 0

or   = (1) =  
ac a a
By inspection, we get (A) False (B) False b
  b
 
(C) False Hence, n = 1
162
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
(C  T  M) = Set of students who play
chess, table tennis and carrom.
 n(C  T  M)
= n(C) + n(T) + n(M)  n(C  T)  n(T  M)
 n(C  M) + n(C  T  M)
 90 = 46 + 30 + 40  14  10  8
+ n (C  T 
 n(C  T  M) = 6
30. Since, y = ex, y = ex will meet, when ex = ex
 e2x = 1,
 x = 0, y = 1
 A and B meet on (0, 1)
 AB
31. Let A denote the set of Americans, who like
cheese and let B denote the set of Americans,
who like apples.
Let Population of Americans be 100.
Then n(A) = 63, n(B) = 76
Now, n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  n(A  B)
= 63 + 76  n(A  B)
 n(A  B) + n(A 
 n(A  B) = 139  n(A  B)
But, n(A  B)  100
 n(A  B)   100
 139  n(A  B)  139  100 = 39
 n(A  B)  39 i.e., 39  n(A 
Again, A  B  A, A  B  B
 n(A  B)  n(A) = 63 and
n(A  B)  n(B) = 76
 n(A  B)  63
Then, 39  n(A  B)  63  39  x  63
32. Since, 8n  7n  1 = (7 + 1)n  7n  1
= 7n + nC17n1 + nC27n2 + …..
+ nCn17 + nCn  7n  1
= C27 + C37 + …. + Cn7n,
n 2 n 3 n
(nC0 = nCn, nC1 = nCn1 etc.)
= 49[ C2 + C3(7) + …… + nCn7n2]
n n
 8n  7n  1 is a multiple of 49 for n  2
For n = 1, 8n  7n  1 = 8  7  1 = 0
For n = 2, 8n  7n  1 = 64  14  1 = 49
 8n  7n  1 is a multiple of 49 for n  N.
 X contains elements which are multiples of 49
and clearly Y contains all multiples of 49.
 XY
33. The given set is a cartesian product containing 6
elements. Only A  (B  C) contains 6 elements.
34. Here 1, 2, 3  A & 3, 5  B
 A  B = {1, 2, 3}  {3, 5}
 The remaining elements are : (1, 5), (2, 3), (3, 5)
118
35. Clearly, A is the set of all first elements in
ordered pairs in A  B and B is the set of all
second elements in A  B.
36. (1, 4), (2, 6), (3, 6)  A  B
 {1, 2, 3}  A and {4, 6} B
 A has 3 elements and B has 2 elements.
37. Number of relations on the set A = Number of
2
subsets of (A  A) = 2n , [ n(A  A) = n2].
38. n(A  A) = n(A). n(A) = 32 = 9
So, the total number of subsets of A  A is 29
and a subset of A  A is a relation over the set A.
39. Since, ( 1, 0)  A  A and (0, 1)  A  A
 ( 1, 0)  A  A   1, 0  A
and (0, 1)  A  A  0, 1  A
 {1, 0, 1}  A
41. R2  A  B, so it is a relation from A to B.
42. Number of relations from A to B = 2o(A).o(B)
43. Since, R = {(x, y)| x, y  Z, x2 + y2  4}
 R = {(2, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0 1) (0, 1),
(0, 2), (0, 2) (1, 0), (1, 1), (2, 0)}
Hence, Domain of R = {– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2}.
46. Since R is an equivalence relation on set A,
therefore (a, a)  R for all a  A. Hence, R has
at least n ordered pairs.
47. Let (a, b)  R
Then, (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R1
 (b, a)  R ….[ R = R1]
So, R is symmetric.
48. For any a  N, we find that a|a, therefore R is
reflexive but R is not symmetric, because aRb
does not imply that bRa.
49. The relation is not symmetric, because A  B
does not imply that B  A. But it is anti-
symmetric because A  B and B  A
A=B
50. The given relation is not reflexive and
transitive but it is symmetric,
2 2 2 2
because x + y = 1  y + x = 1.
51. R is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12}
defined by y = x  3  x  y = 3
 R = {11, 8},{13, 10}.
Hence, R1 = {(8, 11), (10, 13)}
52. We have, R = {(1, 3); (1, 5); (2, 3); (2, 5);
(3, 5); (4, 5)}
1
R = {(3, 1), (5, 1), (3, 2), (5, 2); (5, 3); (5, 4)}
Hence, RoR1 = {(3, 3); (3, 5); (5, 3); (5, 5)}
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
104. 225 = 32  52 = d (225) = 3  3 = 9 109. x, y, z are in G.P.
1125 = 32  53 = d (1125) = 3  4 = 12 Hence, y2 = xz
640 = 27  5 = d (640) = 8  2 = 16  2 log y = log x + log z
9, 12, 16 are in G.P  2 (log y + 1) = (1 + log x) + (1 + log z)
x y yz  1 + log x, 1 + log y, 1 + log z are in A.P.
105. If , y, are in H.P., then 1 1 1
2 2  , , are is H.P.
 x y yz 1  log x 1  log y 1  log z
2 . 
y= 
2 2  110. Since, b2, a2, c2 are in A.P.
x y yz
  a2  b2 = c2  a2
2 2
 (a  b) (a + b) = (c  a) (c + a)
2
( x  y )( y  z) 1 1 1 1
= 4   = 
1 bc ab ca bc
( x  2 y  z)
2 1 1 1
 , , are in A.P.
xy  xz  y 2  yz ab bc ca
y
x  2y  z  (a + b), (b + c), (c + a) are in H.P.
 xy + 2y2 +yz = xy + xz + y2 + yz 111. Given, a, b, c are in A.P.
 y2 = xz  2b = a + c  b  c = a  b
Thus, x, y, z will be in G.P. Also, a2, b2, c2 are in H.P.
106. (y  x), 2(y  a), (y  z) are in H.P. 1 1 1 1
  
1 1 1 b2 a 2 c2 b2
 , , are in A.P.
y  x 2( y  a) y  z a 2  b2 b2  c2
 2 2 =
1 1 1 1 a b b 2 c2
  =   (a  b) [c (a + b)  a2(b + c)] = 0
2
2( y  a) ( y  x) (y  z) 2( y  a)
y  x  2 y  2a 2 y  2a  y  z ….[ (b  c) = (a  b)]
 =  a = b or c2a + c2b  a2b  a2c = 0
yx yz
 c2a + c2b  a2b  a2c = 0
 x  y  2a y  z  2a
 =  ac(c  a) = b(a2  c2)
( y  x) ( y  z)
 ac = b(c + a)
( x  a)  ( y  a) ( y  a)  (z  a)
 =   ac = b.2b
( x  a)  ( y  a) ( y  a)  (z  a)
a
( x  a) ( y  a)  b2 =    c
 = 2
( y  a) (z  a)
a
 (x  a), (y  a), (z  a) are in G. P.   , b, c are in G.P.
2
107. x, l, z are in A.P., then 2 = x + z ......(i)
and 4 = xz ......(ii) 112. x + y + z = 15, if 9, x, y, z, a are in A.P.
Divide (ii) by (i), we get 5
Sum = 9 + 15 + a  (9  a)
x.z 4 2 xz 2
= or =4
xz 2 xz 5
 24 + a  (9  a)
Hence, x, 4, z will be in H.P. 2
108. Given, a, b, c are in G.P.  48 + 2a = 45 + 5a
 logx a, logx b logx c are in A.P.  3a = 3
log a log b log c a=1
 , , are in A.P. 1 1 1 5
log x log x log x and    , if 9, x, y, z, a are in H.P.
log x log x log x x y z 3
 , , are in H.P.
log a log b log c 1 5 1 5 1 1 
Sum = + + =  a=1
i.e., loga x, logb x, logc x are in H.P. 9 3 a 2  9 a 

164
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
113. Given, a, b, c are in G.P. 116. Let the two numbers be x, y.
 b2 = ac  x  y = 48 ….(i)
ab bc x y
x= , y= and  xy = 18
2 2 2
a c 2a 2c  x + y  2 xy = 36
  = +
x y ab bc
 48 + y + y  2 (48  y ) y = 36 ….[From (i)]
2(ab  bc  2ca)
=  12 + 2y = 2 y (48  y )
ab  ac  b2  bc
2(ab  bc  2ca) 6+y= y  48  y 
=
(ab  ac  ac  bc)  36 + y + 12y = 48y + y2
2

=2 ….[ b2 = ac]  36y = 36  y = 1

 x = 48 + 1 = 49
114. Given that a, A1, A2, b are in A.P.
a  A2 A b 117. Since, H1, H2 are two harmonic means
Therefore, A1  , A2  1 between a and b.
2 2
1 1 1 1 1
 A1 + A2 = (a + b + A1 + A2)  , , , are in A.P.
2 a H1 H 2 b
1 1 We know that 2A = a + b and G2 = ab
 (A1 + A2) = (a + b) or
2 2 1 1 1
 2 = 
A1 + A2 = a + b H1 a H 2
and a, G1, G2, b are in G.P.
1 1 1
Therefore, G12  aG 2 , G 22  bG1 Similarly, 2  = 
H 2 b H1
 G12 G 22  abG1G 2  G1G 2  ab
On adding and solving we get,
A  A2 a  b
Hence, 1   1 1   1 1  1 1
G1G 2 ab 2      = 
H
 1 H 2 H
  1 H 2  a b
Trick : Let a = 1, b = 2,
1 1 ab 2A
then A1 + A2 = 1 + 2 = 3  = = 2
and G1. G2 = 2 × 1 = 2 H1 H 2 ab G
A1  A 2 3
  , which is given by (A). 118. Let a and b be two numbers.
G1G 2 2
Sum of n A.M.’s = n  single A.M.
115. Given numbers a and 2. ab
 A1 + A2 = 2   =a+b
a2  2 
A.M. = and G.M. = 2a
2 Product of n G.M.’s = (Single G.M.)n
According to the given condition,
 
2
 G1.G2 = ab = ab
A.M.  G.M. = 1
a2 1 1 1 1
  2a = 1  , , , are in A.P.
2 a H1 H 2 b
a 1 1 1 1 ab
  11 = 2a   =  =
2 H1 H 2 a b ab
 a = 2 2a  a2 = 8a
H1H 2 G1G 2
 a(a  8) = 0  =
H1  H 2 A1  A 2
 a = 0 or 8
Since, a ≠ 0 G1G 2 H1  H 2
  =1
 a=8 H1H 2 A1  A 2

165
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

119. Given, ab = 10 123. According to the given condition,

x y
2ab
 ab = 100 and =8 2 = p
ab xy q
 a + b = 25
x y p
 a = 5, b = 20  = ....(i)
120. Let the positive numbers be a1 and a2.
2  xy  q

a  a2 x 2  y 2  2 xy p2
a1, A, a2, ……..are in A.P. then A = 1  = 2
2 4 xy q
Also, a1, G, a2, …….. are in G.P. x 2  y 2  2 xy  4 xy p2  q2
 =
 G = a 1a 2 4 xy q2
1 1 1 ( x  y)2 p2  q 2
, , , ……. are in H.P.  =
a1 H a 2 4 xy q2
2 1 1 2a1a 2 G2 x y p2  q 2
   H= H=  = ....(ii)
H a1 a 2 a1  a 2 A 2 xy q

1 Dividing (ii) by (i), we get

121. Given A.M.  2(G.M.) or (a  b)  2 ab x y p x p  p2  q 2
2 =  =
ab 2 x y p2  q 2 y p  p2  q 2
or 
2 ab 1
1 1 1 1
a  b  2 ab 2  1 3 124.    .... 
   t1 t 2 t 3 t 2003
a  b  2 ab 2  1 1  1 1 1 1 
= 4    ....  
( a  b) 23  3.4 4.5 5.6 (2005).(2006) 
 
( a  b) 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
= 4      ....  
a b 3 a  3 1
2
3 4 4 5 2005 2006 
      1 1 
a b 1 b  3  1  = 4  
 3 2006 
a 2 3 2003
  or a : b  (2  3) : (2  3) . = 4.
b 2 3 3(2006)
2ab 4006
122. We have H.M. = and G.M. = ab =
3009
ab
H.M. 4 2ab / (a  b) 4 125. It is an arithmetico-geometric series
So =  = 1
G.M. 5 ab 5 a dr 2
1 2
2 ab 4 ab 5  S = + = +
 =  = 1 r (1  r)2 1
1  1
2

 1  
(a  b) 5 2 ab 4 2  2
a  b  2 ab 5  4 =2+4
 = =6
a  b  2 ab 5  4
( a  b )2 9 a b 3 a dr
 =  = 126. S = +
1  r (1  r)2
( a  b) 2
1 a b 1
1
( a  b)  ( a  b) 3 1 Here, a = 1, r = , d = 3
 = 5
( a  b)  ( a  b ) 3 1
1
3
2 a 4 a  S = +
1 5 = 35
 =    = 22 = 4 1  1 2
2 b 2 b 16
1
5  1  5 
 a : b = 4 : 1 or b : a = 1 : 4
166
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
12. n (S) = 10
Competitive Thinking  Number of subsets of S which do not contain
4. x2 = 16  x =  4 the element 6
and 2x = 6  x = 3 = number of subsets containing the remaining
There is no value of x which satisfies both the nine elements
above equations. Thus, A = . = 29 = 512
13. Since 2m  2n  56  8  7  23  7
5. |2x + 3| < 7  7 < 2x +3 < 7
 10 < 2x < 4  5 < x < 2  0 < x + 5 < 7  2n (2m  n  1)  23  7
6. Case I: 0  x < 9  n = 3 and 2m  n = 8 = 23
2 3  x  + x  x  6 + 6 = 0 mn=3m3=3 m=6
 m = 6, n = 3
 x
2
 – 8 x + 12 = 0
 x = 6, 2
14.  
30
O(S) = O  Ai 
i 1
1
10
(5  30)  15
 x = 36, 4  x = 4 Since, element in the union S belongs to 10 of Ai' s
Case II: x  9
n  3n n
  
2 x  3 + x x 6 + 6 = 0  Also, O(S) = O   B j  
 j 1  9 3


 x
2
 –4 x =0 n
  15  n  45
 x = 0, 4 3
 x = 0, 16  x = 16 15. A  (A  B) = A  (A  Bc)c = A  (Ac  B)
 S contains exactly two elements. =   (A  B) = A  B
7. The number of non- empty subsets = 2n  1
16. A = B  C, B = C  A
= 24  1 ....[ n = 4]
 A, B are equivalent sets.
= 15.
….[ A and B are interchangeable
8. Power set is the set of all subsets.
n(A) = 5  n(P(A)) = 25 = 32 in both equations]

9. A = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, …..} 18. AX=BX=

B = {6, 12, 18, 24, 30, …….}  A and X, B and X are disjoint sets
 A  B = {12, 24,…}= {x : x is a multiple of 12}. Also, A  X = B  X  A = B
10. Given set is {(a, b) : 2a2 + 3b2 = 35, a, b  Z} 19. If A  B, then A  B = B
We can see that, 2(2)2 + 3(3)2 = 35
 n(A  B) = n(B) = 6
and 2(4)2 + 3(1)2 = 35
 (2, 3), (2, –3), (–2, –3), (–2, 3), (4, 1), (4, 1), 20. n[(A  B)  A]
(–4, –1), (–4, 1) are 8 elements of the set. = n[(A  B)  A]
 n = 8. ….[By DeMorgan’s law]
11. Let, S = {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10} = n(A  A)  n(B  A)
 A = {(x, y) : x, y  S, x  y} ….[By distributive law]
 A = {(a1, a1), (a1, a2), (a1, a3), ... (a1, a10), = n(A)  n(A  B) = 8  2 = 6
(a2, a1), (a2, a2), (a2, a3), ... (a2, a10),
21. A = {x | x is a root of x2  1 = 0}
.
. = {x | x is a root of (x  1)(x + 1) = 0}
.  x = 1
(a10, a1), (a10, a2), (a10, a3), ... (a10, a10)} B = {x | x is a root of x2  2x + 1 = 0}
 x  y, removing groups with same elements = {x | x is a root of (x  1)2 = 0}
i.e. (a1, a1), (a2, a2) ... (a10, a10), we get x=1
n(A) = 9 × 10 = 90 AB=A
121
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
136. S = 3.6 + 4.7 + ….. upto n  2 terms 139. Sn = cn2
= (1.4 + 2.5 + 3.6 + 4.7 +….upto n terms) – 14 Sn1 = c(n  1)2 = cn2 + c  2 cn
= n(n + 3)  14 Tn = 2cn  c
1 Tn2 = (2cn – c)2 = 4c2 n2 + c2  4c2n
= (2n3 + 12n2 + 10n)  14
6  Required sum = T 2
n
 2n 3  12n 2  10n  84 
= , 4c 2 .n(n  1)(2n  1)
 6  = + nc2 – 2c2n (n + 1)
6
where n = 3, 4, 5 ….. 2c 2 n(n  1)(2n  1)  3nc 2  6c 2 n(n  1)
Trick : S1 = 18, S2 = 46 =
3
Now put in options (n  2) = 1,2 i.e. n = 3,4
Option (B) gives the values. nc (4n  6n  2  3  6n  6)
2 2
=
3
2 2 2
8  12   16  nc (4n  1)
2 2
137.          .... =
5  5  5 3
1 n i j n i
= 2
5
[82 + 122 + 162 + ….] 140. 1 =
i 1 j1 k 1
 j
i 1 j1
1
= 2 2 2 2
[(4  2) + (4  3) + (4  4) + ….]
n
 i(i  1) 
5 =
i 1
  2 

42
= 2 [22 + 32 + 42 + ….+ 112] 1 n n

5 =  i2   i 
2  i 1 i 1 
42
= 2 [12 + 22 + …. 112  12] 1  n(n  1) (2n 1) n(n  1) 
5 = 
2  6 2 
42 1112  23  16
=  1 = m 1  2n  1 
52  6  5 = n(n  1)  1
4  3 
1  3036  6  3030
 m=  = n(n  1)  2n  1  3  n(n  1)(n  2)
5  6  30 = =
4  3  6
 m = 101
141. We have S = 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + 16 + ….. + tn
12
138. a 4k + 1 = 416 Again, S = 2 + 4 + 7 + 11 + …… + tn1 + tn
k =0 Subtracting, we get
 a1 + a5 + a9 + … + a49 = 416 0 = 2 + {2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + …. +(tn  tn1)}  tn
13 1
 (2a1 + 48d) = 416 tn = 2 + (n  1){(4 + (n  2)1}
2
2
 a1 + 24d = 32 …(i)
1
a9 + a43 = 66 = (n2 + n + 2)
 2a1 + 50d = 66 2
 a1 + 25d = 33 …(ii) Now,
Solving (i) and (ii), we get 1
S = tn =  (n2 + n + 2)
a1 = 8 and d = 1 2
a12  a 2 2 + … + a17 2 = 140m 1
= (n2 + n + 21)
 82 + 92 + … + 242 = 140m 2
 (12 + 22 + … + 242) 1 1 1
– (12 + 22 +…+ 72) = 140m = { n(n + 1)(2n + 1) + n(n + 1) + 2n}
2 6 2
24  25  49 7  8  15
 – = 140m n
6 6 = {(n + 1)(2n + 1 + 3) + 12}
 4900 – 140 = 140m 12
 140m = 4760 n n 2
= {(n + 1)(n + 2) + 6} = (n + 3n + 8)
 m = 34 6 6
168
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
142. Sum of cubes of ‘n’ natural number 147. Sn = 1(1!) + 2(2!) + 3(3!) + ….. + n(n!)
n 2 (n  1)2 = (2  1)(1!) + (3  1)(2!) + (4  1)(3!) +
=
4 ….. +[(n + 1)  1] (n!)
15 (16) 2
2
= (2.1!  1!) + (3.2!  2!) + (4.3!  3!) +
= = 14,400
4 …. +[(n + 1)! (n!)]
143. tn = n(n+1)(n+2) = n(n2 + 3n + 2) = (2!  1!) + (3.2!  2!) + (4.3!  3!)
= n3 + 3n2 + 2n + … + [(n + 1)(n!)  (n!)]
 Sn = (n3) + (3n2) + (2n) = (n +1)!  1!
2
 n (n  1)  3.n (n  1)(2n  1) 148. 12  22 + 32  42 + .... + 112
Sn =   +
 2  6 = (12  22) + (32  42) + .... + (92  102) + 112
2.n (n  1) Now, a2  b2 = (a  b) (a + b)
+  12  22 + 32  42 + .... + 112
2
1 = (1  2) (1 + 2) + (3  4) (3 + 4)
Sn = n(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) + .... + (9  10) (9 + 10) + 112
4
= (1) [1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 9 + 10] + 112
144. Here, tn of the A.P. 1, 2, 3, ….. = n 10 11
and tn of the A.P. 3, 5, 7, ….. = 2n + 1 = (1). + 112 = 66
2
 tn of given series = n(2n + 1)2 = 4n3 + 4n2 + n 149. G.M. of 1, 2, 22, 23, …., 2n
Hence, Here, no. of terms = (n +1)
20 20 20 20 1
S= t
1
n = 4 n 3 + 4 n 2 +
1 1
n
1
 G.M. = (1.2.22.23 .....2n ) (n 1)
1 1/ (n 1)
1 1 1  n (n 1)

= 4. 202.212 + 4. 20.21.41 + 20.21 = (201 2.... n ) (n 1) =  2 2

4 6 2  
= 188090 n
 G.M. = 2 2
3 3 3
145. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + .... = 3
 (2n  1) 3
150. 1 + 3 + 7 + ….. + tn
= 2  1 + 22  1 + 23  1 + ……. + 2n  1
=  (8n 3
 3.4n  3.2n  1) 2

= (2 + 22 + …… + 2n)  n = 2n+1  2  n
= 2n2(n + 1)2  2n(n+1)(2n + 1) + 3n(n+1)  n
= 2n4 + 4n3 + 2n2  2n(2n2 + 3n + 1) 151. Let nth term of series is tn, then
Sn = 12 + 16 + 24 + 40 + …. + tn
+ 3n2 + 3n  n
Again Sn = 12 + 16 + 24 + …… + tn
= 2n4 + 4n3 + 2n2  4n3  6n2  2n
On subtraction
+ 3n2 + 3n  n 0 = (12 + 4 + 8 + 16 + …. + upto n terms) – tn
= 2n4  n2 = n2 (2n2  1)  tn = 12 + [4 + 8
146. (n2  12) + 2 (n2  22) + …… + 16 +…..+ upto (n 1) terms]
= n2 (1 + 2 + 3 + ….)  (1.12 + 2.22 + 3.32 + ….) 4(2n 1  1)
= 12 + = 2n+1 + 8
n n 2 1
= n2  r  r 3
On putting n = 1, 2, 3 …..
r 1 r 1
t1 = 22 + 8, t2 = 23 + 8, t3 = 24 + 8 …. etc.
n 3  n 1  n  n 1 
2
Sn = t1 + t2 + t3 + …. + tn
=   = (22 + 23 + 24 + ….. upto n terms)
2  2 
+ (8 + 8 + 8 + …. upto n terms)
n 2  n  1  n 1  1 2 2
=   = n (n  1) 22 (2n  1)
2  2  4 = + 8n = 4(2n  1) + 8n
2 1

169
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
152. (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 22) + .... upto n terms 155. A = 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + … + 2.202
 Tn = 1 + 2 + 22 + .... + 2n = (12 + 22 + 32 + … + 202)
1(2n 1 1) + (22 + 42 + … + 202)
 Tn = = 2n+1  1
2 1 = (12 + 22 + 32 + … + 202)
 Sn =  T   (2
n
n 1
 1)
+ 4 (12 + 22 + … + 102)
 Sn =  2   1
n 1
20  21  41 10  11  21 
= + 4  
= 22 + 23 + 24 + .... + 2n  (n) 6  6 

= 2n+2  4  n = 2870 + 4(385)

= 4410
11 1 1 1 1  1 1 1  B = 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + … + 2.402
153. S =             .... = (12 + 22 + 32 + … + 402)
2  2 3  4  22 32  6  23 33 
1 1 1 1 1 1  + (22 + 42 + … + 402)
=    2   3  ... 
2 2 2 2 3 2  = (12 + 22 + 32 + … + 402)
1 1 1 1 1 1  + 4(12 + 22 + … + 202)
    2   3  .... 
2 3 2 3 3 3  40  41  81 20  21  41 
= + 4  
6  6 
1 1 1  1  1 1  
2 3

=         ... = 22140 + 4(2870)

2  2 2  2  3  2  
= 33620
1  1 1  1  2 1  1 3  B – 2A = 33620 – 2(4410) = 24800
         ....
2  100  = 24800   = 248
 3 2  3  3  3  
1  1 1  1 156. Since, sin , cos  and tan  are in G.P.
= log 1    log 1  
2  2 2  3
cos  tan  sin 
  
1  3 4 sin  cos  cos 2 
=
2 log 2  log 3 
 
 cos3  = sin2  .…(i)
1 3 4
= log   
2 2 3 cos 6  cos 2 
 cot6   cot2  = 
1 sin 6  sin 2 
= log 2
2 cos 6  cos 2 
=  .…[From (i)]
154. Let, S = 2 + 7 + 14 + 23 +34 +.….+ tn + cos9  cos3 
…..(i) 1 1 1  cos 2  sin 2 
=  = =
and S = 2 +7 + 14 + ……+ tn1 + tn + cos  cos 
3
cos 
3
cos3 
.…(ii)
=1 .…[From (i)]
From (i) and (ii), we get
0 = 2 + [5 + 7 + 9 + 11 ….. + tn  tn1] – tn
157. Let 1  cos  = x
 n 1 
 tn = 2 +  {2  5  (n  2) 2}  the given series = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + .... 
 2 
= (1  x)2
 tn = 2 + (n  1)(n + 3)
= (1  1 + cos )2 = sec2 
Now,
put n = 99 3 5  3
= 1 + tan2  = 1 + = ....  tan   
 t99 = 2 + 98  102 = 9998 2 2  2

170
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
158. cos (  ), cos , cos ( + ) are in HP = f(a) f(1) + f(a) f(2) + f(a) f(3) + ... f(a) f(n)
...[ f(x + y) = f(x) f(y)]
1 1 1
 , , are in AP
cos    cos  cos    
  
n
 f a  k 
k 1
= f(a)[f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + ... f(n)]
1 1 2 ...(i)
  =
cos      cos      cos  f(1) = 2
cos(  )  cos (  ) 2  f(2) = f(1 + 1) = f(1).f(1) = 4
 =
  
cos    cos     cos  f(3) = f(2 + 1) = f(2).f(1) = 8
and so on.
 2cos cos.cos = 2 cos( + ) cos( – )  substituting above values in (i), we get
n

f a  k 
2 2 2
 cos  cos = cos   sin  = f(a)[2 + 4 + 8 + ... f(n)]
k 1

 cos2 (cos  1) = (1  cos2) = f(a).2(2n – 1)

 cos2  1 + cos  f(a).2(2n – 1) = 16.(2n – 1)
 f(a) = 8
n Since, f(3) = 8
159. f a  k 
k 1
= f(a + 1) + f(a + 2) + f(a + 3)  a=3
+ ... f(a + n)

Evaluation Test
1. a1, a2, a3, .…, an are in A.P. with common 2. Since, a1, a2, a3, …. are in H.P.
difference = 5 1 1 1
 , , ,.... are in A.P.
i.e., a2 – a1 = a3  a2 = a4  a3 =…= an  an1 = 5 a1 a 2 a 3
 5  1  5  1 1
 tan1   + tan    = + 19d
 1  a1a 2   1  a 2a 3  25 5
 5  1  4  4
+ …+ tan 1  1  a a  d=   
 n 1 n  19  25  19  25
Since, an < 0
1  a 2  a1  1  a 3  a 2 
= tan   + tan   1 4
 1  a1a 2   1  a 2a 3     (n  1)  0
5 19  25
 a n  a n 1 
+ …+ tan 1  1  a a  19  5
 n 1 n   <n1
4
= tan1 (a2)  tan1 (a1) + tan1 (a3)  tan1(a2)  n > 24.75
+ …. + tan1 (an)  tan1 (an1)
3. p, q, r are positive and are in A.P.
1 1 1  a n  a1 
= tan (an)  tan (a1) = tan   pr
 1  a1a n   q= ….(i)
2
 (n  1)5  Since, the roots of px2 + qx + r = 0 are real
= tan1   ….[ an = a1 + (n  1)5]
 1  a1a n 
2
p  r
 q  4pr  
2
  4pr ….[From (i)]
 5n  5   2 
= tan1    p2  r 2  14pr  0
 1  a1a n 

171
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

r
2
r 6. We have,
    14    1  0 Length of a side of Sn
p p
….[ p  0 and p  0] = Length of a diagonal of Sn + 1

r 
2  Length of a side of Sn
   7   48  0
p  = 2 (Length of a side of Sn + 1)
2
r  Length of a side of Sn 1 1
   7   (4 3) 2  0  = for all n  1
p  Length of a side of Sn 2
r  sides of S1, S2, ......, Sn form a G.P. with
 7  4 3
p 1
common ratio and first term 10.
4. Let A be the first term and R be the common 2
ratio of the G.P. Then,  1 
n 1

a = ARp  1  length of the side of Sn = 10  

 log a = log A + (p  1) log R ….(i)
 2
b = ARq  1 10
=
 log b = log A + (q  1) log R ....(ii) n 1
2 2
c = ARr  1
2
 log c = log A + (r  1) log R ….(iii)  10 
Multiplying (i), (ii) and (iii) by (q  r), (r  p) Now, area of Sn = (side) =  n 1 
2

and (p  q) respectively and adding, we get  2 

2 
(q  r) log a + (r  p) log b + (p  q) log c = 0
100
Expanding along first row, we get =
 = (q  r) log a + (r  p) log b + (p  q) log c 2 n 1
=0 But, area of Sn < 1
5. Let x1, x2, x3 be a, ar, ar2 and 100
 <1
y1, y2, y3 be b, br, br2. 2 n 1
 A, B, C are (a,b), (ar, br), (ar2, br2) resp.  2n  1 > 100
b
Now Slope of AB = = slope of BC. The above inequality is satisfied if n  1  7
a
Hence, the points are collinear. i.e., n  8
i.e., lie on a straight line 1
7. We have, Tp  a  (p  1)d  ….(i)
Alternate method: q
Given x2  rx1 , x3  r 2 x1 , y2  ry1 , y3  r 2 y1
1
and Tq  a  (q  1)d  ….(ii)
x1 y1 1 p
1
Area of  = x2 y2 1
2 1 1
x3 y3 1 From (i) and (ii), we get a  and d 
pq pq
x1 y1 1
1 pq  2 1 
= rx1 ry1 1  sum of (pq)th terms    (pq  1) 
2 2 2  pq pq 
r x1 r 2 y1 1
pq 2  1 
1 1 1  . 1  (pq  1) 
1 2 pq  2 
= x1 y1 r r 1 =0
2 2  pq  1 pq  1
r2 r2 1  
2 2
i.e., lie on a straight line.
172

31. A  B = A  (A  B) is correct.
A = (A  B)  (A  B) is correct.
(3) is false.
A B
 (1) and (2) are true.
A–B A – (A  B)
32. n(A – B) = n(A)  n(A  B) = 25  10 = 15
33. n(X) = 60, n(C) = 25, n(T) = 20, n(C  T) = 10
 n (C  T) = n (C) + n (T) – n (C  T)
= 25 + 20 – 10 = 35
 n (C  T) = n (X) – n (C  T) = 60 – 35 = 25
34. n(X  Y) = 12 and these are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10,
20, 25, 40, 50, 100, 200
35. Let number of newspapers be x. If every
students reads one newspaper, the number of
students would be x(60) = 60x
Since, every students reads 5 newspapers
x  60
 Numbers of students = = 300, x = 25
5
36. E : English speakers
H : Hindi speakers
n(H  E) = n(H) + n(E)  n(H  E)
= 50 + 20  10 = 60
37. n(M alone)
= n(M)  n(M  C)  n(M  P)  n(M  P  C)
M P
C = n(A) – [n(A  B) + n(A  C)
= 100  28  30 + 18 = 60
38. n(C) = 224, n(H) = 240, n(B) = 336
n(H  B) = 64, n(B  C) = 80
n(H  C) = 40, n(C  H  B) = 24
n(Cc  Hc  Bc) = n(C  H  B)c]
= n(U)  n(C  H  B)
= 800  [n(C) + n(H) + n(B)  n(H  C)
 n(H  B)  n(C  B) + n(C  H  B)]
= 800  [224 +240 + 336  64  80  40 + 24]
Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
39. Given n(N) = 12, n(P) = 16, n(H) = 18,
n(N  P  H) = 30 and n(N  P  H) = 0
From, n(N  P  H)
= n(N) + n(P) + n(H)  n(N  P) n(P  H)
n(N  H) + n( N  P  H)
 n(N  P) + n(P  H) + n(N  H) = 16
Now, number of pupils taking two subjects
= n(N  P) + n(P  H) + n(N  H)
 3n(N  P  H)
= 16  0 = 16.
40. n(S P D) = 265, n(S) = 200, n(D) = 110,
n(P) = 55, n(S D) = 60, n(S P) = 30,
n(S D P) = 10,
n(S P D) = n(S) + n(D) + n(P) – n(S D)
– n(D P) – n(P S) + n(S D P)
 265 = 200 + 110 + 55 – 60 – 30
– n(P D) + 10
 n(P D) = 285 – 265 = 20
 n(P D) – n(P D S) = 20 – 10 = 10
41. n(A) = 40% of 10,000 = 4,000
n(B) = 20% of 10,000 = 2,000
n(C) = 10% of 10,000 = 1,000
n (A  B) = 5% of 10,000 = 500
n (B  C) = 3% of 10,000 = 300
n(C  A) = 4% of 10,000 = 400
n(A  B  C) = 2% of 10,000 = 200
We want to find,
n(A  Bc  Cc) = n[A  (B  C)c]
= n(A) – n[A  (B  C)]
= n(A) – n[(A  B)  (A  C)]
– n(A  B  C)]
= 4000 – [500 + 400 – 200]
= 4000 – 700 = 3300.
42. Since, y = ex and y = x do not meet for any x  R
 AB=
43. | a – 5 | < 1 and | b – 5 | < 1
 4 < a < 6 and 4 < b < 6
4(a – 6)2 + 9(b – 5)2  36
 a  6  +  b  5  1
2 2


= 800  640 = 160 9 4

123
 Textbook
Chapter No.

11 Probability
Hints

Classical Thinking 15. Three persons can be chosen out of 8 in

8
C3 = 56 ways.
5. Here, P(A) = 1 The number of girls is more than that of the
 P  A  = 1  P(A) = 0 boys if either 3 girls are chosen or two girls
and one boy is chosen. This can be done in
6. Here, n(S) = 2  2  2  2 = 16 3
C3 + 3C2  5C1 ways
A: Event of getting all heads = 1 + 3  5 = 16 ways.
 A = {(HHHH)} 16 2
 n (A) = 1  Required probability = =
56 7
1 16. Number of tickets, numbered such that it is
 P (A) =
16 10000
divisible by 20 are = 500
7. Here, n(S) = 52 20
There is one queen of club and one king of 500 1
heart Hence, required probability =  .
10000 20
 Favourable ways = 1 + 1 = 2 17. In a non-leap year, we have 365 days i.e., 52
2 1 weeks and one day. So, we may have any day
 Required Probability = =
52 26 of seven days.
12 3 18. Total no. of ways = 3! = 6
8. Required probability = = .
52 13 Favourable ways = 1
9. Total number of outcomes = 36 1
 Probability =
Favourable number of outcomes = 6 6
i.e., {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)} 19. Probability of keeping at least one letter in
6 1 1
 Required probability = = wrong envelope = 1 
36 6 n!
3 1  option (B) is the correct answer.
10. Required probability = = 20. Sample space when six dice are thrown = 66
36 12
5 1 All dice show the same face means we are
11. Required probability = = getting same number on all six dice which can
25 5 be any one of the six numbers 1, 2, …, 6.
12. Odd and perfect square (< 10) are 1, 9.  No. of ways of selecting a number is 6C1.
6
2 1 C 1
Hence, required probability = =  Required probability = 6 1 = 5
10 5 6 6
13. Since there are one A, two I and one O, hence 21. P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B)
1 2 1 4 5 1 1
the required probability = =  =   P(A  B)
11 11 8 4 2
14. Two fruits out of 6 can be chosen in 6C2 = 15  P(A  B) =
1
ways. 8
One mango and one apple can be chosen in 22. Since, events are mutually exclusive, therefore
3
C1  3C1 = 9 ways P(A  B) = 0 i.e., P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)
9 3 3
 Probability = =  0.7 = 0.4 + x  x =
15 5 10
174
 Chapter 11: Probability
23. P(A or B) = P(A  B) P(A  B) 0.5 5
= P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) 34. P(A/B) = = =
P(B) 0.6 6
= 0.25 + 0.5  0.15 = 0.6
24. P(A) = P(A  B) + P(A  B)  P(B) P(A  B) (3 / 8)  (5 / 8)  (3 / 4)
35. P(A/B) = =
1 5 2 3 1 P(B) (5 / 8)
=   = =
3 6 3 6 2 2
=
25. P(A) = 0.28, P(B) = 0.55, P(A  B) = 0.14 5
P(A  B) = P[(A  B)] = 1  P(A  B) 1
= 1  [P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B)] P(A  B) 1
36. P(B/A) = = 4 =
= 1  (0.28 + 0.55  0.14) = 0.31 P(A) 1 2
26. Here, P(A  B) = 0.6 and P( A  B) = 0.3 2
 P(A) + P(B) = P(A  B) + P(A  B) = 0.9 P  A  B P  A  B 0.15
 P(A) + P(B) = 1  P(A) + 1  P(B) 37. P(A/B) = = =
P(B) 1  P(B') 1  0.10
= 2  0.9 = 1.1
1
27. Probability of getting either first class or =
6
second class or third class = P(A)
2 3 1  A  P(A  B) P(A  B) 1  P(A  B)
= + + 38. P  = = =
7 5 10 P(B) P(B) P(B)
B
69
= 39. Let E1 be the event that man will be selected
70
and E2 be the event that woman will be
1
Probability of failing = P(A) = 1  P(A) = selected. Then
70
1 1 1
28. There are 4 kings, 13 hearts and a king of P(E1) = , So P( E1 ) = 1  = and
2 2 2
hearts is common to the two blocks.
1 1 2
4  13  1 16 P(E2) = , So P( E 2 ) = 1 – =
 Required probability = = 3 3 3
52 52
Clearly, E1 and E2 are independent events.
29. Total number of ways = {HH, HT, TH, TT}  P( E1  E 2 ) = P( E1 )  P( E 2 )
2 1
 P (head on first toss) = = = P(A), 1 2 1
4 2 =  =
2 3 3
2 1
P (head on second toss) = = = P(B) 40. Let A be the event of selecting bag X, B be the
4 2
1 event of selecting bag Y and E be the event of
and P (head on both toss) = = P(A  B) drawing a white ball, then
4
Hence, required probability is, 1 1 2
P(A) = , P(B) = , P(E/A) =
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B) 2 2 5
1 1 1 3 4 2
= + – = and P(E/B) = =
2 2 4 4 6 3
31. If A and B are independent, A and B are also  P(E) = P(A) P(E/A) + P(B) P(E/B)
independent. 1 2 1 2 8
P(A  B) = . + . =
33. P(A/B) = 2 5 2 3 15
P(B)
3
Since, A and B are mutually exclusive. 41. Required probability =
So, P(A  B) = 0. 5
0  b 
Hence, P(A/B) = =0 ....  The probability of the occurrence  
P(B)  ab 

175
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions

   19 
f    2cos 
2  4 

 cos   ;
4
88. 
f(x) = sin log ( x  1  x 2 ) 
 1 1  f( x) = sin[log( x + 1  x 2 )]
 f    2   1
2 2 2
 ( 1  x 2  x) 
83. f(x) = f(x)  f(0 + x) = f(0  x) is  f( x) = sin log  ( 1  x 2  x) 
symmetrical about x = 0.  ( 1  x 2  x) 

 f(2 + x ) = f(2  x) is symmetrical about x = 2.
84. f = {(1, 1), (2, 4), (0, 2), (1, 5)} be a linear  1 
 f( x) = sin log  
function from Z to Z. The function satisfies  ( x  1 ( x 2 ) 
the above points, if f(x) = 3x  2
1 x  f( x) = sin   log( x  1  x 2 ) 
85. Here, f(x) = log  
1 x
 f( x) =  sin log( x  1  x 2 ) 
1
1 x  1 x   
and f(x) = log   = log  
1 x  1 x 
 f( x) =  f(x)
1 x 
=  log   =  f(x) = f(x)
1 x   f(x) is odd function.
 f(x) is an odd function.
1
86. Since, f(x) is even. 89. f(x) + 2f   = 3x …. (i)
 x
 f( x) = f(x)
1 3
ax 1 a x 1  f   + 2f(x) = …. (ii)
 =  x x
( x) n  a  x  1 x n  a x  1
From (i) and (ii), we get
1 ax a x 1 6
 = 3f(x) =  3x
(1) n x n 1  a x  x n  a x  1 x
2 2
1  f(x) =  x  f(x) =  + x
 = 1  1 = (1)n x x
(1) n Since, f(x) = f(x)
1 2 2
 n=  can satisfy the equation.  x= +x
3 x x
87.
 
f( x) = sec  log  x  1  ( x) 2 
  
4
x
= 2x  x2 = 2  x =  2

 
= sec  log  x  1  x 2 
   option (B) is the correct answer.
98
2 i 
90. Given expression =    
= sec  log  1  x

x 
2
 i0  3 99 
32
2 i  98
2 i 
  1  x2  x2  =    +    
i0  3 99  i  33  3 99 
= sec log  
  1  x 2  x   98
2 i 
=0+    
  1  i  33
 3 99 
= sec log    2 2 i
  1  x 2  x    3  3  99  1


 
= sec   log 1  x 2  x 
  for i  0, 1, 2, .,32


= sec log 1  x 2  x 
   = 66
[ each term in the summation is one or more
 f(x) is an even function.
but less than 2 when i = 33, 34, 35, ….,98]
127
 Chapter 11: Probability
16. Total no. of ways in which 2 socks can be 23. Here, n(S) = 2  2  2 = 8
drawn out of 9 is 9C2. The two socks match if If A is the event that there is no tail, then
either they are both black or they are both A = {(HHH)}
blue. So, two matching socks can be drawn in  n(A) = 1
5
C2 + 4C2 ways. 1
5
C2  4 C2  P(A) =
 Required probability = 8
9
C2 1 7
 P(A) = 1  P(A) = 1  =
10  6 4 8 8
=
=
36 9 24. Required probability
17. Ace is not drawn in 26 cards.  1  1  1 2 3 4 2
It means 26 cards are drawn from 48 cards. = 1   1   1   = . . =
48  3  4  5 3 4 5 5
C26
 Required Probability = 52
C26 25. Out of 30 numbers from 1 to 30, three
18. 16
n(S) = C11 numbers can be chosen in 30C3 ways.
A: Event that the team has exactly four Three consecutive numbers can be chosen in
bowlers. one of the following ways:
 n(A) = 6C4 . 10C7 {(1, 2, 3) , (2, 3, 4),…,(28, 29, 30)} = 28 ways
6
C 4 .10 C7 75
 Probability that numbers are consecutive
 P(A) = 16
= 28 1
C11 182 = 30 =
C3 145
19. We have to select exactly 2 children
 selection contain 2 children out of 4 children
1 144
Hence, required probability = 1 =
and remaining 2 person can be selected from 145 145
2 women and 4 men 26. Total no. of ways = 7!
i.e., 4C2  6C2 ways Arrangement of boys and girls in alternate
 Total favourable ways = 6  15 = 90 seats is B G B G B G B
90 3 Boys can occupy seat in 4! ways and girls in
 Required probability = =
210 7 3! ways.
20. A committee of 4 can be formed in 25C4 ways 3 !  4! 1
 Required Probability = =
A: Event that the committee contains at least 3 7! 35
doctors 27. Two 3s, one 6 and one 8 can be dialled in
 n(A) = 4C3.21C1 + 4C4 = 85 4!
85 85 17 = 12 ways of which only one is the correct
 P(A) = 25
= = 2!
C4 12650 2530
way of dialling.
21. Since, cards are drawn with replacement. 1
 Required probability =
 Total no. of ways = 52  52. 12
Now, we can choose one suit out of four in 4C1
28. As {(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4),
ways and two cards in 13  13 ways.
(5, 5, 5), (6, 6, 6)} are only favourable
4
C  13  13 1 outcomes
 Required Probability = 1 =
52  52 4 6
22. Besides ground floor, there are 7 floors. Since  Required probability =
216
a person can leave the cabin at any of the
29. Since there are 3 As and 2 N’s.
seven floors, total no. of ways in which each
10!
of the five persons can leave the cabin at any Total no. of arrangements =
of the 7 floors = 75 3!2!
Five persons can leave the cabin at five Hence, the number of arrangements in which
different floors in 7C5  5! ways ANAND occurs without any split = 6!
7
C5  5! 6!3!2! 1
Hence, required probability =  Required probability = =
75 10! 420
177
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
30. 15 places are occupied. This includes the 36. A: Event of obtaining an even sum and
owner's car also. 14 cars are parked in 24 B: Event of obtaining a sum less than five.
places of which 22 places are available Since A, B are not mutually exclusive,
(excluding the neighbouring places) and so the
22  P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
C 15
required probability 24 14 = 18 6 4 5
C14 92 = + – =
36 36 36 9
31. Three numbers can be chosen out of 10 [ there are 18 ways to get an even sum i.e
numbers in 10C3 ways.
The product of two numbers, out of the three {(1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 1),
chosen numbers, will be equal to the third (3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 3),
number, if the numbers are chosen in one of (5, 5), (6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6)} and there are 6 ways
the following ways: to get a sum < 5 i.e., {(1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2),
{(2, 3, 6), (2, 4, 8), (2, 5, 10)} = 3 ways (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 1)} and 4 ways to get an even
3 1 sum < 5 i.e., {(1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2), (1, 1)}]
Hence, required probability = 10 =
C3 40
37. Here, A = {4, 5, 6}
32. 4 cards can drop out of 52 in 52C4 ways. They
3 1
can be one from each suit in  P(A) = =
13 6 2
C1  13C1  13C1  13C1= (13131313) ways.
and B = {4, 3, 2, 1}
13  13  13  13
 Required probability = 4 2
52
C4  P(B) = =
6 3
13  13  13  13  4!  A  B = {4}
=
52  51  50  49 1
2197  P(A  B) =
= 6
20825 1 2 1
 P(A  B) = +  =1
33. 0.7 = 0.4 + x – 0.4x 2 3 6
1
x= 38. A is independent of itself, if
2
34. Since, we have P(A  A) = P(A).P(A)
P(AB) + P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A) = P(A)2
P(A)  P(A) = 0, 1
= P(A) + 39. We have P(A + B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(AB)
2
7 3P(A) 5 1 1 4 2
   = + P(B)  P(B) = =
8 2 6 2 3 6 3
7 1 2 1
 P(A) = Thus, P(A).P(B) =  = = P(AB)
12 2 3 3
Hence, events A and B are independent.
35. Since, A  B = S.
20 1 10 1
 P(A  B) = P(S) = 1 40. Let P(A) = = , P(B) = =
100 5 100 10
 1 = P(A) + 2P(A) [P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)] Since, events are independent and we have to
 3(P(A)) = 1 find P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A).P(B)
1 1 1 1 1
 P(A) = = + – 
3 5 10 5 10
2 3 1 14
 P(B) = = – =  100 = 28%
3 10 50 50
178
 Chapter 11: Probability
41. In a leap year, there are 366 days in which 49. P(A  B) = P[(A  B)]
52 weeks and two days. The combination of 1 3
2 days may be: Sun-Mon, Mon-Tue, = 1  P(A  B) = 1  =
4 4
Tue-Wed, Wed-Thu, Thu-Fri, Fri-Sat, Sat-Sun.
2 2 1
 P(53 fri) = ; P(53 Sat) = 50. P(A  B) =
7 7 3
There is one combination in common
1
i.e., (Fri-Sat)  P[(A  B)] =
1 3
 P(53 Fri and 53 Sat) = 1
7  1  P(A  B) =
 P(53 Fri or 53 Sat) = P(53 Fri) + P(53 Sat) 3
 P(53 Fri and Sat) 1 2
 P(A  B) = 1  =
2 2 1 3 3 3
= +  =
7 7 7 7 2
 P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) =
42. Here, P(A) = P(B) = 2 P(C), 3
and P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1 1 2
1 2  p + 2p  =
 P(C) = and P(A) = P(B) = 2 3
5 5 2 1 7 7
2 2 4  3p = + = p=
Hence, P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) =  = 3 2 6 18
5 5 5
43. For both to be boys, the probability 51. Required Probability
1 1 1 = P[(A  B)  (A  B)]
=   =
2 2 4 = P(A  B) + P(A  B)
44. We have to consider order for IIT = P(A)  P(A  B) + P(B)  P(A  B)
10 9 10 5 = P(A) + P(B)  2P(A  B)
 Required probability =   =
20 19 18 38 52. P(neither A nor B)
45. In the word ‘MULTIPLE’ there are 3 vowels, = 1  P(either A or B) = 1  P(A  B)
out of total of 8, 1 vowel can be chosen in 3C1 = 1  [P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B)]
ways. In the word ‘CHOICE’ there are 3
= 1  0.25  0.50 + 0.14 = 0.39
vowels, out of the total of 6, 1 vowel can be
chosen in 3C1 ways. 53. M: Event that student passed in Mathematics.
3 3
C1 C 3 E: Event that student passed in Electronics
 Required probability =  1 =
8 6 16  n(M) = 30, n(E) = 20, n(M  E) = 10,
46. A total of 7 and a total of 9 cannot occur n(S) = 80.
simultaneously. 30 20 10
 P(total of 7 or 9)  P(M) = , P(E) = , P(M  E) =
80 80 80
6 4 5
= P(total of 7) + P(total of 9) = + =  P(M  E) = P(M) + P(E)  P(M  E)
36 36 18
(A total of 7 and a total of 9 cannot occur 30 20 10 1
= +  =
simultaneously) 80 80 80 2
1 2 1 3 7  P(Student has passed in none of the subject)
47.  +  = 1 1
2 5 2 10 20 = P[(M  E)] = 1  P(M  E) = 1  =
25 10 20 2 2
48. P(G) = , P(R) = , P(I) =
80 80
Since events are independent,
80
54. 
P(neither E1 nor E2 occurs) = P E1'  E '2 
 P(selecting rich and intelligent girls) = P E  P E 
'
1
'
2
5
= P(G)P(R)P(I) =
512 = (1  p1) (1  p2)
179
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
x 1    
111. f(x) = 116. f(x) = sin 2 x  sin 2  x    cos x cos  x  
x 1  3  3
f ( x) 1 2 x    
2
 = = sin x  sin  x   
2
f ( x )  1 2   3 
f ( x) 1   
x=  cos x cos x cos  sin x sin 
1  f ( x)  3 3
2
 f ( x)  1    
2 1 = sin x  sin x cos  cos x sin 
2

2x  1  1  f ( x)  3f ( x)  1  3 3
 f(2x) = = =
2x  1  f ( x) 1  f ( x)  3 1 3 
2  1  cos x  cos x  sin x 
1  f ( x )  2 2 
2
x  sin x 3 
112. f(x) = ; = sin2 x +   cos x 
x 1
 2 2 
 x 
  cos 2 x 3
  x   x 1   sin x cos x
f(f(x)) = f    2 2
 x 1 x
1 sin 2 x 3 cos 2 x
x 1 = sin 2 x   cos 2 x 
But f(f(x)) = x 4 4 2
2 x
3 3
 =x  sin x cos x  sin x cos x
x  x  1 2 2
5 5
L.H.S, Put  = 1, = (sin2 x + cos2 x) =
4 4
( 1) 2 x x
 = = x; 5
( 1) x  x  1 x  x 1 (gof)(x) = g  f ( x) = g   = 1
4
  = 1
117. As x  [x]  [0, 1),  x  R
113. Given, f(x) = a x + b, g(x) = cx + d
 0  x – [x] < 1,  x  R
and f(g(x)) = g(f(x))  1  1 + x [x] < 2,  x  R
 f(c x + d) = g(a x + b)  1  g(x) < 2,  x  R
 a(c x + d) + b = c(a x + b) + d Hence, f(g(x)) = 1  x  R
 ad + b = cb + d
118. (gof)(e) + (fog)() = g(f(e)) + f(g())
 f(d) = g(b) = g(1) + f(0)
114. fog (x) = f [g(x)] = 1 + 0
3 = 1
 1  13 
= f x3  = 8 x  119. g(f(x)) = g( x ) =  x 
   
= 8x and f(g(x)) = f([x]) =  x 

 x 1  When x ≥ 0,  x  = [x] =  x 
115. (fog) (x) = f(g(x)) = f  
 2   f(g(x)) = g(f(x))
 x 1  When x < 0, [x] ≤ x < 0
= 2 +1=x
 2    x ≥ x
1
 (fog) (x) = x  x = (fog) (x)   x  ≥ x ≥  x  ....[ [t] ≤ t for all t]
1 1  f(g(x)) ≥ g(f(x))
Hence, (fog)1   =
 x x  g(f(x)) ≤ f(g(x)) for all x  R
130
 Chapter 11: Probability
65. Consider the following events :  Required probability is
A  Ball drawn is black;  E 
E1  Bag I is chosen; P(A 2 ) P  
A 
P 2 =  A2  =
1
E2  Bag II is chosen and
 E   E   E  37
E3  Bag III is chosen. P(A1 )P    P(A 2 ) P  
 A1   A2 
1 A 3
Then P(E1) = (E2) = P(E3) = , P   =
3  E1  5 68. We define the following events :
A 1 A 7 A1 : Selecting a pair of consecutive letter
P  = , P  = from the word LONDON.
 E 2  5  E3  10
A2 : Selecting a pair of consecutive letters
E  from the word CLIFTON.
 Required probability = P  3 
A E : Selecting a pair of letters ‘ON’.
A 2
P(E 3 )P   Then P(A1  E) = ; as there are 5 pairs of
=  E3  5
A A A consecutive letters out of which 2 are ON.
P(E1 )P   + P(E 2 )P   + P(E 3 )P  
 E1   E2   E3  1
P(A2  E) = ; as there are 6 pairs of
7 6
=
15 consecutive letters of which one is ON.

66. Let E denote the event that a six occurs and A  The required probability is
is the event that the man reports that it is a ‘6’, 2
we have  A1  P(A1  E)
P = = 5
1 5 3  E  P(A1  E) + P(A 2  E) 2 1
P(E) = , P(E) = , P(A/E) = and +
6 6 4 5 6
1 12
P(A/E) = =
4 17
 From Baye’s theorem,
A 5 5
P(E).P   69. Required probability = =
E 5 3 8
P(E/A) =
A A  
P(E).P    P(E).P  
E
   E'  If odds in favours of an event are a : b, 
 
1 3 ....  then the probability of non  occurrence 
  
6 4 3  of that event is b 
= =
1 3 5 1 8  ab 
  
6 4 6 4
67. We define the following events : 4 4
70. Required probability = =
A1: He knows the answer. 45 9
A2 : He does not know the answer. 71. Let p be the probability of the other event.
E : He gets the correct answer. 2
Then the probability of the first event is p.
3
9 9 1
Then P(A1) = , P(A2) = 1  = , p 3
10 10 10  =
p p
2 32
 E   E  1 3
P   = 1 and P   =
 A1   A2  4  odds in favour of the other are 3 : 2
181
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
72. Probabilities of winning the race by three 4 1
3. Required probability = =
1 1 1 36 9
horses are , and .
3 4 5
4. Total number of ways = 36
1 1 1 47 and Favourable number of cases are
Hence, required probability = + + =
3 4 5 60 {(1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1), (1, 5), (2, 4),
(3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1)} = 9
1 4 1 6 37
73. Required probability =  +  = 9 1
2 7 2 8 56 Hence, the required probability = = .
36 4
74. Probability of the card being a spade or an ace
15 5
16 4 5. Required probability = =
= = . Hence, odds in favour is 4 : 9. 36 12
52 13
So, the odds against his winning is 9: 4 6. Prime numbers are {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}.
Hence, required probability
75. We have ratio of the ships A, B and C for
1  2  4  6  2 15 5
arriving safely are 2 : 5, 3 : 7 and 6 : 11 = = =
respectively. 36 36 12
 The probability of ship A for arriving safely 7. n(S) = 36
2 2 A: Event that product of numbers is even
= = n(A) = 27
25 7
27 3
3 3 P(A) = =
Similarly, for B = = and for 36 4
3  7 10
6 6 8. 9 10 11 12
C= = Ways
6  11 17
4 3 2 1
 Probability of all the ships for arriving safely
10 5
2 3 6 18 Hence, required probability = =
=   = . 36 18
7 10 17 595
10. n(S) = 6
76. Let A and B be two given events. The odds
1
2 P(T) = P(R) =
against A are 5:2, therefore P(A) = . 6
7  P(T or R) = P(T) + P(R)
And the odds in favour of B are 6:5, 1 1 1
6 =  =
therefore P(B) = 6 6 3
11
11. Total number of ways = 2n
 The required probability = 1  P (A) P (B) If head comes odd times, then favourable ways
 2  6  52 = 2n1.
= 1 1   1   =
 7   11  77 2n 1 1
 Required probability = n = .
2 2
Competitive Thinking
12. For m sided die, which is thrown n times, the
1. n(S) = 36 probability that the number on the top is
E = {(1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2)} m
Cn
4 1 increasing is given by
 P(E) =  mn
36 9 Here 6-faced die is thrown three times.
6
26 13 C 5
2. Required probability = =  Required probability = 3 3 =
36 18 6 54

182
 Chapter 11: Probability
13. 3 coins are tossed 21. STATISTICS  SSS TTT A II C
 S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, ASSISTANT  SSS TT AA I N
HTT, TTT}  S, T, A and I are the common letters.
A: Event of getting 2 heads 3
C 3
C1 1
 A = {HHT, HTH, THH}  Probability of choosing S = 1  =
10 9 10
3 3 2
 n (A) = 3  P(A) = C1 C 1
8 Probability of choosing T =  1=
10 9 15
14. n(S) = 8 1
C1 2
C 1
3 Probability of choosing A =  1=
P(2 tails) = 10 9 45
8 2
C1 1 C1 1
1 Probability of choosing I =  =
P(3 tails) = 10 9 45
8 1 1 1 1
P(at least 2 tails) = P(2 tails) + P(3 tails)  Required probability =   
10 15 45 45
3 1 1 19
=  = =
8 8 2 90
15. Three dice can be thrown in 6  6  6 = 216 22. n(S) = 12C3
ways. A total 17 can be obtained as P(not of same colour) = 1  P (Same colour)
{(5, 6, 6), (6, 5, 6), (6, 6, 5)}. A total 18 can = 1   P(red ball)  P(black ball)  P(white ball)
be obtained as (6, 6, 6).
4 1  5C 3
C 4
C 
Hence, the required probability = = = 1   12 3  12 3  12 3 
216 54  C3 C3 C3 
 60  6  24 
16. Required combinations are {(2, 2, 1), (1, 2, 2), =1  
(2, 1, 2), (1, 3, 1,), (3, 1, 1), (1, 1, 3)}  1320 
6 6 3 41
 Required probability = 3 = = =
4 64 32 44
2 1 23. Total rusted items = 3 + 5 = 8;
17. Required probability =  unrusted nails = 3.
10 5
38 11
18. n(S) = 4 C 2  Required probability = = .
6  10 16
P(no black ball) = P(red ball)
2
C 1 24. If both integers are even, then product is even.
= 4 2 = If both integers are odd, then product is odd.
C2 6 If one integer is odd and other is even, then
19. 3 batteries can be selected from 10 batteries in product is even.
10
C3 ways. 2
 Required probability = .
3 dead batteries can be selected from 4 dead 3
batteries in 4C3 ways.
25. Number which are cubes
 Probability that the all 3 selected batteries are 13 = 1, 23 = 8, 33 = 27, 43 = 64
4
C 4 3 2 1 4 1
dead = 10 3 = =  Required probability = 
C3 10  9  8 30 100 25
20. n(S) = 10
C4 26. S = {18, 16, 14, …., 20}
A: Event of getting 2 red balls n(S) = 20
A : no. divisible by both 4 and 6
n(A) = 4 C 2  6 C2 A = {12, 0, 12}
4
C2  6 C2 9 n(A) 3
 P(A) = = P(A) = =
10
C4 21 n(S) 20

183
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
27. In a non leap year, there are 365 days which 33. Let E be the event that the numbers are
has 52 weeks and 1 day. divisible by 4.
1  E = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24}
 P(53 Sundays) =
7  n(E) = 6
28. Here, n(S) = 36  n(E) = 20
Also, n(F), where F is the set of favourable 20 10
cases.  Required probability = P(E) = =
26 13
F = {(6, 1), (5, 2), (4, 3)}
where 1st number in ordered pair gives the 34. P (at least 1H) = 1 – P (No head)
number of black die and 2nd number gives the 1 15
number on white die. = 1 – P (four tail) = 1 – =
16 16
3 1
 required probability =  35. Required probability is 1 – P (no die show up 1)
36 12 3
29. 52 51
Here, n(S) = C1  C1 = 52  51 5 216  125 91
=1–   = =
A: Event that both cards chosen are Ace. 6 216 216
 n(A) = 4C1  3C1 = 12
12 1 36. We have P  A  = 0.05  P(A) = 0.95
 P(A) = =
52  51 221 Hence, the probability that the event will take
place in 4 consecutive occasions
30. There are 8 even numbers from 1 to 17
= {P(A)}4 = (0.95)4 = 0.81450625
8
 Probability of selecting 1 even number =
17 37. Probability that A does not solve the problem
Remaining number of tickets = 16 1 1
There are 7 even numbers in the remaining =1 =
2 2
tickets. Probability that B does not solve the problem
 Probability of selecting second even number
1 2
7 =1 =
= 3 3
16
Probability that C does not solve the problem
8 7 7
 Required probability =  = 1 4
17 16 34 =1 =
5 5
10! Probability that at least one of them solve
2
31. Required probability = 2! = problem = 1  no one solves the problem
11! 11
 1  2  4 
2!2! = 1     
 2  3  5 
32. HULULULU  contains 4U, 3L, 1H
Consider 3L together i.e. we have to arrange 6 4 11
=1 =
units which contains 4U. 15 15
Hence number of possible arrangements
38. The probability of A, B, and C not finishing
6!
= = 6  5 = 30 1 1 1 2
4! the game is, 1 – = , 1 – = and
2 2 3 3
Number of ways of arranging all letters of
1 3
8! 8765 1 – = respectively.
given word = = 4 4
3! 4! 3 2
 The probability that the game is not finished
=875
1 2 3 1
30 by any one of them =   =
Hence required probability = 2 3 4 4
875
 The probability that the game is finished
6 3 1 3
= = = 1 =
87 28 4 4
184
 Chapter 11: Probability
39. Total balls = 5 + x 5
Two balls are drawn. 44. 0.8 = 0.3 + x – 0.3x  x = .
7
 n(S) = 5 + xC2
5 45. Since events are mutually exclusive, therefore
Given, probability of red balls drawn = P(A  B) = 0 i.e., P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)
14
5 5
C2 3
 =  0.7 = 0.4 + x  x =
14 5 x
C2 10
46. Since, P(A + B + C)
5 5! (3  x)! 2!
 =  = P(A) + P(B) +P(C)
14 3!2! (5  x)!
2 1 1 13
5 20 1 = + + = , which is greater
 =  3 4 6 12
14 1 (5  x)(4  x)
than 1.
20  14
 (5 + x) (4 + x) = Hence, the statement is wrong.
5
 (5 + x) (4 + x) = 56  x = 3 48. If P(A) = P(B)
40. Number of ways in which two faulty machines As this gives,
may be detected (depending upon the test P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
done to identify the faulty machines) or
= 4 C2 = 6 P(A) = 2P(A) – P(A)
and Number of favourable cases = 1  P(A  B) = P(A  B)
[When faulty machines are identified in the
first and the second test] 49. A: Student who know lesson I
1 B: Student who know lesson II
Hence, required probability = .
6 P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.4, P(A  B) = 0.2
41. Favorable number of cases = 20
C1 = 20 Required probability = 1  P(A  B)
Sample space = 62
C1 = 62 = 1  [P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B)]
20 10 = 1  (0.6 + 0.4  0.2)
 Required probability = 
62 31 = 0.2
42. The number of ways to arrange 7 white and 3 1
=
10! 10.9.8 5
black balls in a row = = = 120
7 !.3 ! 1.2.3 50. Set of even numbers that can come up on die
Numbers of blank places between 7 balls are = {2, 4, 6}
6. There is 1 place before first ball and 1 place  Probability of it being either 2 or 4
after last ball. Hence, total number of places 1 1 2
are 8. =  =
Hence, 3 black balls are arranged on these 8 3 3 3
places so that no two black balls are together 3 1 4 2
in number of ways 51. Here, P(A) = = , P(B) = =
6 2 6 3
8 7  6
= 8 C3   56 and P(A  B) = Probability of getting a number
1 2  3
56 7 greater than 3 and less than 5
So required probability = = .
120 15 1
= Probability of getting 4 =
6
43. Since, we have
P(A + B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(AB)  P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B)
 0.7 = 0.4 + P(B)  0.2 1 2 1
= +  =1
 P(B) = 0.5. 2 3 6
185
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

52. n(S) = 10
C3 57. P(A  B) = P(A)  P(A  B)
A: event that minimum of chosen numbers is 3 2
= 0.7  0.3 = 0.4 =
B: event that maximum of chosen number is 7. 5
7 6 3
C C C
P(A) = 10 2 , P(B) = 10 2 , P(A  B) = 10 1 58. P( A  B) = P(B) – P(A  B) = y – z.
C3 C3 C3
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) 59. P(A  B) = P(A  B)
7
C 6
C 3
C = 1  P(A  B)
= 10 2 + 10 2  10 1
C3 C3 C3 = 1  P(A)  P(B) + P(A  B)
= 1  0.25  0.50 + 0.14 = 0.39
33
=
120 60. P(A  B) = 1 – P(A  B)
11 2
=  P(A  B) =
40 3
53. Let R1 be the event that the first ball drawn is Now P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
red, 2 1 1
 =x+x– x=
B1 be the event that the first ball drawn is 3 3 2
black,
R2 be the event that the second ball drawn is 61. Since A and B are mutually exclusive,
red. P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)
Required probability 3 1 4
= + = = 0.8
R  R  5 5 5
= P(R1) . P  2  + P(B1) . P  2 
 R1   B1  1
62. Probability of getting head =
4 6 6 4 2
=  + 
10 12 10 12 1
Probability of die showing 3 =
2 6
=
5 Since both events are independent, the
1 1 1
54. Given, P(A  B) = 0.6 and P(A  B) = 0.2 required probability =  =
2 6 12
We know that, if A and B are any two events,
then P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) 63. When two dice are thrown simultaneously,
n (S) = 36
 0.6 = 1 – P(A) + 1  P(B)  0.2 A: Event that both the numbers on top are
 P(A)  P(B)  2  0.8 = 1.2 prime number
 A = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5),
3 1 (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 5)}
55. Given P(A  B) = and P(A  B) =
5 5  n (A) = 9
We know P(A  B)= P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) 9 1
 P (A) = =
3 1 36 4
  1  P(A)  1  P(B)  When two coins are tossed simultaneously,
5 5
n (S) = 4
4 B : Event that we get one head and one tail
 2   P(A)  P(B)
5  n (B) = 2
6 2 1
 P(A)  P(B)  .  P (B) = =
5 4 2
Since both the events are independent of each
56. P(A  B) = P(A)  P(A  B) other,
4 1 3 1
=  =  Required probabiity = P (A) . P (B) =
5 2 10 8
186
 Chapter 11: Probability

64. P(A  B) = P(A  B) = 1  P (A  B) 71. Since, A and B are independent events

Since A and B are mutually exclusive, so  P(A  B) = P(A).P(B)
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) = [1 – P(A) ] [1 – P(B) ]
Hence, required probability = 1  (0.5 + 0.3) = [1 – 2/3] [1 – 2/7]
= 0.2. 1 5 5
=  
65. Consider option (B) 3 7 21
2 5
P(A  B) = [1  P(A)] [1  P(B)] 72. P  A  B  = 0.8 and P(B) =  P  B  =
 P(A  B) = P(A)  P(B) 7 7
 A and B are independent events.  P(A) + P  B  P  A  B  = 0.8
5 5
66. 
P(neither A nor B) = P A  B   P(A) +  P(A) = 0.8
7 7
= P (A) .P (B) = 0.6  0.5 
2
P(A) =
3
 P(A) = 0.3
= 0.3 7 35

67. P  A  B  = 1  P  A  B  73. Since E1  E 2  E1  E 2

= 1   P(A)  P(B)  P  A  B   and (E1  E 2 )  (E1  E 2 )  

1
=11=0  P{(E1  E 2 )  (E1  E 2 )}  P()  0 
4
68. Here, P(X) = 0.3; P(Y) = 0.2
1
Now P(X  Y) = P(X) + P(Y) – P(X  Y) 74. P  A  B =
6
Since, these are independent events
1
 P(X  Y) = P(X).P(Y)  1  P(A  B) =
6
Thus, required probability
5
= 0.3 + 0.2 – 0.06 = 0.44  P(A  B) =
6
69. Let A be the event that a man will live 10 5
more years.  P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) =
6
1
 P(A) = 3 1 5 1
4  + P(B)  =  P(B) =
4 4 6 3
Let B be the event that his wife will live 10
more years. 1 3 1
Clearly, P(A  B) = =  = P(A) P(B)
1 4 4 3
 P(B) =
3 So, A and B are independent.
 Required probability = P(A  B) Also, P(A)  P(B). So, A and B are not
= P(A) P(B) equally likely.
3 2 1
=  = 1 1
4 3 2 75. P(A  B) = and P  A  B  
6 3
3 1 1 1
70. P(A) = and P(B) =  P(A) P(B) = and P(A) P(B) 
8 2 6 3
3 1 3 1 1
 P(A) P(B) =    xy = and (1  x) (1  y) = ,
8 2 16 6 3
2 1 where P(A) = x, P(B) = y
and P(A  B) =   P(A).P(B)
8 4 1 1 1
 xy = and 1  x  y + =
 A and B are dependent. 6 6 3
187
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
157. To define f(x), 9  x2 > 0  |x| < 3 x2
162. f(x) =
 3 < x < 3, .....(i) | x  2|
and 1  (x  3)  1 1, x  2
2x4 .....(ii) f(x) = 
 1, x  2
From (i) and (ii), 2  x < 3 i.e., [2, 3).
 Range of f(x) is {1, 1}.
2
158. 1  1 + 3x + 2x  1 x 2  34 x  71
Case I : 2x2 + 3x + 1  1; 2x2 + 3x + 2  0 163. Let =y
x2  2 x  7
3  9  16 3  i 7  x2 (1  y) + 2(17  y) x + (7y  71) = 0
x= = (imaginary).
6 6 For real value of x, b2  4ac  0
Case II : 2x2 + 3x + 1  1
 y2  14y + 45  0  y  9, y  5.
 3
 2x2 + 3x  0  2 x  x    0 164. Dom (f) = R – {2}
 2
x2  4
3  3  For Range (f), let y = f (x) =
  x  0  x   , 0  x2
2  2 
In case I, we get imaginary value hence, rejected  x  2  x  2 
 y=
 3   x  2
 Domain of function =  ,0 .
2   y = (x + 2)
Since, Dom (f) = R – {2}
 1 | x |   x2
159. f(x) = cos 1    y  (2 + 2) i.e. y  4
 2 
 Range (f) = R – {4}
1 | x |
 1≤ ≤1
2 x2  x  4
165. Let y =
 2  1 ≤  | x | ≤ 2  1 x2  x  4
  3 ≤ | x|≤ 1  (y  1) x2 + (y + 1) x + 4y  4 = 0
 1 ≤ | x | ≤ 3 For real value of x, b2  4ac  0
 (y + 1)2  4(y  1)(4y  4)  0
 x  [3, 3]
 15y2 + 34y  15  0
160. 1 ≤ log2(x2 + 5x + 8) ≤ 1  15y2  34y + 15  0
1  3  5
 ≤ (x2 + 5x + 8) ≤ 2   y   y    0
2  5  3
15 3 5
 x2 + 5x + ≥0   y
2 5 3
2 2
2 5  5   5  15 166. Since maximum and minimum values of
 x + 2  x +      + ≥0
2 2 2 2 cos  sin x are 2 and  2 respectively,
2
 5 5 therefore range of f(x) is [ 2, 2].
  x+  + ≥ 0 and x2 + 5x + 6 ≤ 0
 2 4
 (x + 3) (x + 2) ≤ 0  x [3, 2] cos 2 x  7
167. cos 2x + 7 = a(2  sin x)  a =
2  sin x
161. f(x) = 9  x2 1  2sin 2 x  7 2(4  sin 2 x)
a= =
f(0) = 3, f(3) = 0 2  sin x 2  sin x
 0  f(x)  3  a = 2(2 + sin x)
 x  [0, 3]  a  [2, 6] ….[  1 ≤ sin x ≤ 1]

134
 Chapter 11: Probability


Required probability = P (A  B)  (A  B)  92. i. This question can also be solved by one
student
= P(A  B) + P(A  B)
ii. This question can be solved by two
3 1 2 1 1 students simultaneously
=  +  =
5 2 5 2 2 ii. This question can be solved by three
88. Consider the following events: students all together.
X = ‘A’ speaks truth, Y = ‘B’ speaks truth 1 1 1
We have, P(A)= , P(B)= , P(C)=
70 7 80 4 2 4 6
Then, P(X) =  and P(Y) = 
100 10 100 5  P(A  B  C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C)
Required probability = P[(X  Y )  ( X  Y)] –[P(A).P(B) + P(B).P(C) + P(C).P(A)] +
7 1 3 4
=    [P(A).P(B).P(C)]
10 5 10 5
19 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + –     
=
50
= 0.38 2 4 6  2 4 4 6 6 2 

89. Consider the following events: 1 1 1

+    
A = family who owns a car, 2 4 6
B = family who owns a house
Required probability = P(A  B)  P(A  B) 33
=
60  30  20 20 70  20 48
=  = = 0.5
100 100 100
1
90. The probability of husband is not selected    2
 
B P(A B) 10
1 6 93. P  = =  = .
=1– = A
  P(A)  1 5
7 7  
4
The probability that wife is not selected
1 4
=1– = 94. For S and T as independent events,
5 5
The probability that only husband selected P(S/T) = P(S). Thus, P(S/T) = 0.3.
1 4 4
=  =
7 5 35 7
The probability that only wife selected P  A  B  10 7 20 14
1 6 6 95. P(A/B) =    
=  = P  B 17 10 17 17
5 7 35 20
6 4 10
Hence, required probability = + =
35 35 35
96. P(A  B) = P(A) P (B/A)
2
=
7 1 2 1
 P(A  B) =  =
91. The probability of students not solving the 4 3 6
1 2 1 3 1 4
problem are 1   , 1   and 1   P(A  B)
3 3 4 4 5 5 Now, P(A/B) =
Therefore, the probability that the problem is P(B)
2 3 4 2 1 1 1
not solved by any one of them      = 
3 4 5 5 2 6 P(B)
Hence, the probability that problem is
2 3 1
solved  1   .  P(B) =
5 5 3
189
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

P(B  (A  Bc )) 101. M: student studying maths

97. P(B / (A  Bc)] =
P(A  Bc ) S: student studying science
 P (M  S) = 40% = 0.4
P(A  B)
= P (M) = 60% = 0.6
P(A)  P(Bc )  P(A  Bc )
Probability of student studying science given
P(A)  P(A  Bc ) the student is already studying maths
=
P(A)  P(Bc )  P(A  Bc ) = P (S/M) = P (M  S) / P (M)
0.7  0.5 1 0.4 2
= = = =
0.8 4 0.6 3

98. S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, 102. P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B)
TTH, TTT}  P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B)
 n(E) = 4, n(F) = 4 and n(E  F) = 3
{ P(A  B) = P(A  B)}
3
 
E P(E  F) 3  2 P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)
 P  = = 8 =
F P(F) 4 4 P(A  B)
8  2 P(A). = P(A) + P(B)
P(A)
99. Event that at least one of them is a boy  A, B
Event that other is girl  B,  2 P(A). P   = P(A) + P(B)
A
So, required probability
P(B  A) P(A  B)
P(B/A) = 103. We know that P(A / B) =
P(A) P(B)
Now, total cases are 3 (BG, BB, GG) Also we know that P(A  B) ≤ 1
1  P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) ≤ 1
P(B  A) 3 1
    P(A  B)  P(A) + P(B)  1
P(A) 2 2
3 P(A  B) P(A)  P(B)  1
 
….[ B  A = {BG} and A = {BG,BB}] P(B) P(B)
P(A)  P(B)  1
100. Consider the following events:  P(A / B) 
P(B)
A = Sum of the digits on the selected tickets is
8.
104. P(E  F) = P(E).P(F)
B = Product of the digits on the selected ticket
Now, P(E  Fc) = P(E) – P(E  F)
is zero.
There are 14 tickets having product of digits = P(E)[1 – P(F)]
appearing on them as zero. The numbers on = P(E).P(Fc)
such tickets are 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, and P(Ec  Fc) = 1 – P(E  F)
08, 09, 10, 20, 30, 40. = 1 – [P(E) + P(F) – P(E  F)
14 1 = [1 – P(E)][1 – P(F)] = P(Ec)P(Fc)
 P(B) = and P(A  B) =
50 50
E  Ec 
P(A  B) Also P   = P(E) and P  c  = P(Ec)
 Required probability = P(A/B) = F F 
P(B)
1 E  Ec 
=  P   + P  c  = 1.
14 F F 
190
 Chapter 11: Probability
P(A  B) 1 P(A  B) 107. Let E denote the event that a five occurs and
105. P   =
B
 = A be the event that the man reports it as ‘6’.
A P(A) 2 1/ 4
1 5
1 Then, P(E) = , P(E) =
 P(A  B) = 6 6
8
2 1
Hence, events A and B are not mutually P(A/E) = , P(A/E) =
3 3
exclusive. From Baye’s theorem,
 Statement II is incorrect. P  E   P  A/E 
P(E/A) =
P  E   P  A/E   P  E   P  A/E 
 A  P(A  B) 1
Now, P   =  P(B) =
B P(B) 2 1 2

= 6 3
 1  1 2 5 1
….  P(A  B)   P(A).P(B)    
 8  6 3 6 3
2
 events A and B are independent events. =
7
 A c  P(A  B )
c c
P(A c ) P(Bc )
 P c  = = 108. Let E1 be the event that the ball is drawn from
B  P(Bc ) P (Bc )
bag A, E2 the event that it is drawn from bag B
3 1 2 3
= . . = and E that the ball is red. We have to find
4 2 1 4
P(E2/E).
Hence, statement I is correct.
Since both the bags are equally likely to be
 A  1 P(A  B )
c
A
Again P    P  c  = 
B B  4 P(Bc ) 1
selected, we have P(E1) = P(E2) =
2
1 P(A)  P(A  B)
= 
4 P(Bc ) 3 5
Also P(E/E1) = , P(E/E2) =
5 9
1 1
 Hence by Baye’s theorem, we have
1 4 8
= 
4 1
P(E 2 ) P(E / E 2 )
2 P(E2/ E) =
P(E1 ) P(E / E1 )  P(E 2 ) P(E / E 2 )
1 1 1
=  = 1 5
4 4 2 .
2 9 25
Hence, statement III is incorrect. = 
1 3 1 5 52
.  .
106. Consider the following events: 2 5 2 9
S = person is smoker,
NS = person is non smoker, 109. Let A be the event of selecting bag X, B be the
D = death due to lung cancer event of selecting bag Y and E be the event
D  D  of drawing a white ball, the P(A) = 1/2,
P(D) = P(S)P   + P(NS)P  
S  NS 
P(B) = 1/2 , P(E/A) = 2/5, P(E/B) = 4/6 = 2/3
20 D 80 1 D
 0.006 =  P  +   P   P(E) = P(A) P(E/A) + P(B)P(E/B)
100  S  100 10 S
 D  1000  0.006 6 3 1 2 1 2 8
 P  = =  =    
 
S 280 280 140 2 5 2 3 15

191
 Chapter 01: Sets, Relations and Functions
10. f(x) is defined for Case I:
8.3x  2 sin  ≥ 0 and 2 sin   1 ≥ 0
1 ≤ ≤1
1  32( x 1) 1
 sin  ≥ 0 and sin  ≥
(32 1) (3x  2 ) 2
 1 ≤ 1
1  32 x  2 π 5π
 ≤≤
3x  3 x  2 6 6
1≤ ≤1
1  32 x  2   5 
 A  B =  :  
3x  3 x  2 3x  3 x  2  2 6
 + 1 ≥ 0 and 1 ≤ 0
1  32 x  2 1  32 x  2    3 
….  B   :    
1 3x  3x  2  32 x  2   2 2 
 ≥0
1  32 x  2 Case II:
3x  3x  2 1 32 x  2 sin  ≤ 0 and 2 sin   1 ≤ 0
and ≤0
1  32 x  2 1
 sin  ≤ 0 and sin  ≤
(3x  1) (3x  2  1) (3x 1)(3x  2  1) 2
 ≥ 0 and ≥0
(3x.3x  2  1) (32 x  2 1)   ≤  ≤ 2
(3x  2  1) (3x  1)  3 
 ≥ 0 and 2 x  2 ≥0  A  B =  :     
x x2
(3 .3  1) (3  1)  2

(3x  32 ) (3x  1)    3 
 ≥ 0 and ≥0 ….  B   :    
(32 x  32 ) (32 x  32 )   2 2 

(3x  32 ) (3x  1) From Case I and II, we get

 ≥ 0 and ≥0  5   3 
(3x  3) (3x  3) 
A  B =  :     :     
 2 6  2
 x ( , 1] [2, ) and x (, 0](1, )
 x ( , 0] [2, )
 log10 x 
14. Given, f(x) = log10  
11. f(x  y) = f(x) f(y)  f(a  x) f(a + y)  2(3  log10 x) 
Putting x = 0 and y = 0, we get
Now, f(x) is defined, if
f(0) = {f(0)}2  {f(a)}2
 1 = 1  {f(a)}2  f(a) = 0  log10 x  log10 x
log10   ≥ 0, >0
Now, f(2a  x) = f(a  (x  a))  2(3  log10 x)  2(3  log10 x)
= f(a) f(xa)  f (aa) f(a+xa) and x > 0
= f(a) f(x  a)  f(0) f(x) log10 x log10 x
 ≥ 100 = 1, >0
= f(a) f(x  a)  f(x) 2(3  log10 x) (3  log10 x)
....[ f(0) = 1 (given)] and x > 0
=  f(x) 3(log10 x  2) log10 x
 ≤ 0, < 0 and x > 0
2(log10 x  3) log10 x  3
12. n[(A  B)  (B  A)] = n[(A  B)  (B  A)]
= n(A  B)  n(B  A) = 3  3 = 9  2 ≤ log10x < 3, 0 < log10x < 3 and x > 0
π 3π  102 ≤ x < 103, 100 < x < 103 and x > 0
13. Given, 2 cos2  + sin  ≤ 2 and ≤  ≤  102 ≤ x < 103
2 2
2
 2  2 sin  + sin  ≤ 2  x [102, 103)
 2sin2   sin  ≥ 0
 sin  (2 sin   1) ≥ 0
 sin  ≥ 0 and 2 sin   1 ≥ 0 or
sin  ≤ 0 and 2 sin   1 ≤ 0
137
 Chapter 11: Probability
118. Y x y2
119. Let,  = 1 be the given ellipse with
a 2 b2
y2 = x Y
2 2
(0, 1) (1,1) eccentricity, e =
3
2
b
 e2 = 1 – 2 X
x2 = y a O
 b2 = a2 (1 – e2) …(i)
(1, 0) X
O (0, 0) Area of ellipse = ab
= a. a 2 1  e 2  …[From (i)]
A is an event of (x, y)which satisfies y2 ≤ x
1 1 = a2 1  e 2
2
 P (A) =  y dx =  x dx = 8 a 2
0 0 3 = a2 1  =
B is an event of (x, y) which satisfies x2 ≤ y 9 3
1 1 Also, radius of the circle = a
1
P(B) =  y dx =  x 2 dx =  Area of circle = a2
3
0 0  Probability that point inside the circle lies
2 1 1 a 2
 P (A  B) = – =
3 3 3 1 2
outside the ellipse = 1 – 3 2 = 1 – =
a 3 3

Evaluation Test

1. Out of 30 numbers from 1 to 30, three 11 2

numbers can be chosen in 30C3 ways.  x + y  2xy = and 1  x  y + xy = ,
25 25
So, total number of elementary events = 30C3. Where, P(E) = x and P(F) = y
Three consecutive numbers can be chosen in 11 2
one of the following ways:  x + y + 2  2x  2y = +2
25 25
(1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 4),….,(28, 29, 30).
....[On eliminating xy]
 Number of elementary events in which three 7 7
numbers are consecutive is 28. x+y= y= x
5 5
 Probability that the numbers are consecutive
7 2
28 1 Substituting y =  x in 1  x  y + xy = ,
= 30 = 5 25
C3 145
we get
1 144 7 7  2
 required probability = 1  = 1   x  x 
145 145 5 5  25
2. We have, 25x2  35x + 12 = 0
11 3 4
P(E) + P(F)  2P(E  F) = and x= ,
25 5 5
2 3 4 3 4
P(E  F)  When x = , y = and y = for x =
25 5 5 5 5
11 3 4 4
P(E) + P(F)  2P(E)P(F) = and Hence, P(E) = , P(F) = or P(E) = ,
25 5 5 5
2 3
P(E)P(F) = P(F) =
25 5
193
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
3. Let A denote the event that each American 6. In the 22nd century there are 25 leap years viz.
man is seated adjacent to his wife and B 2100, 2104, …., 2196 and 75 non-leap years.
denote the event that Indian man is seated Consider the following events:
adjacent to his wife. Then, E1 = Selecting a leap year from 22nd century
required probability = P(B/A) E2 = Selecting a non-leap year from 22nd
Number of waysin which Indian man century
A = There are 53 Sundays in a year of 22nd
sits adjacent to his wife when each
century
man issited adjacents to his wife We have,
=
Number of waysin which each 25
American man isseated P(E1) = , P(E2)
100
adjacent to his wife 75
=
(2!)5  (5  1)! 2 100
= =
(2!) 4 (6  1)! 5 2
P(A/E1) = and P(A/E2)
7
4. We have 13 denominations Ace, 2, 3, 4, ….,
1
10, J, Q, K. For selecting exactly one pair, we =
7
select first any 3 denominations, 2 cards from
 Required probability = P(A)
1 and one each from the other two
13 = P  (A  E1 )  (A  E 2 ) 
Thus, favourable ways = C3 .3.4 C2 .4 C1.4 C1
52 = P(A  E1) + P(A  E2)
Total ways = C4
= P(E1) P(A/E1) + P(E2) P(A/E2)
13.12.11.3.6.4.4.24 25 2 75 1
 required probability = =  + 
6.52.51.50.49 100 7 100 7
6336 5
= = 0.3042 = 0.3 =
20825 28
5. Let event A that minimum of the chosen
number is 3 and B be the event that maximum 7. We know that the probability of occurrence of
of the chosen number is an event is always less than or equal to 1 and
 P(A) = P (choosing 3 and two other numbers it is given that P(A  B  C)  0.75
from 4 to 10)  0.75  P(A  B  C)  1
7
C2 7  63 7  0.75  P(A) + P(B) + P(C)  P(A  B)
= = =  P(B  C)  P(A  C) + P(A  B  C)  1
10
C3 10  9  8 40
 0.75  0.3 + 0.4 + 0.8  0.08  P(B  C)
P(B) = P(choosing 7 and choosing two other
 0.28 + 0.09  1
numbers from 1 to 6)
 0.75  1.23  P(B  C)  1
6
C2 6  5 3 1
= = =   0.48   P(B  C)   0.23
10
C3 10  9  7 8
 0.23  P(B  C)  0.48
P(A  B) = P (choosing 3 and 7 and one other
from 4 to 6)
8. From the tree diagram,
3 3 3  2 1 P(BG)
= 10 = =
C3 10  9  8 40 4 3 3 4 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3
=           
 P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4
7 1 1 11 23
=   = =
40 8 40 40 40

194
 Chapter 11: Probability

B  3 3 1 1 5
P G = 44  44 =
 G  8
B 
 P(BG  G) = P(G) P  G 
 G 
4 5 1
 P(BG  G) =  =
5 8 2

Signal
4 1
5 5

G 1 1
3 3 R
4 4
4 4
AG AR AR AG 3
3 3 1
1 4
4 1 4 1 4 3
4 BG
4 4 BG 4 BR
BG BR
 G  P(BG  G)
 Required probability = P   =
 BG  P(BG )
1
20
= 2 =
23 23
40

195
 Textbook
Chapter No.

01 Mathematical Logic
Hints
23. Let p : x2 is not even,
Classical Thinking
q : x is not even
1. ‘Bombay is the capital of India’ is a statement. Converse of p  q is q  p
The other options are exclamatory and i.e., If x is not even then x2 is not even
interrogative sentences.
24. Converse of p  q is q  p.
2. ‘Two plus two is four’ is a statement.
The other options are imperative sentences. 25. Let p : x > y
q:x+a>y+a
3. Even though 2 = 3 is false, it is a statement in Converse of p  q is q  p
logic with truth value F. i.e., If x + a > y + a, then x > y
5. ~q: Ram studies on holiday,
26. Let p: You access the internet
‘and’ is expressed by ‘’ symbol q: You have to pay the charges
 Symbolic form is p  ~q. Given statement is written symbolically as,
6. p: There are clouds in the sky, ~q: It is not pq
raining, ‘and’ is expressed by ‘’ symbol. Inverse of p  q is ~p  ~q
 p  ~q i.e. If you do not access the internet then you
do not have to pay the charges.
7. ~p: The sun has not set, ~q: The moon has not
risen, ‘or’ is expressed by ‘’ symbol. 27. Contrapositive of p  q is ~q  ~p.
 ~p  ~q
28. ~p: Sita does not get promotion and ‘’
8. ~p: Rohit is short, ‘or’ is expressed by ‘’ symbol indicates ‘if and only if’.
symbol, ‘and’ is expressed by ‘’ symbol.
33. r: It is raining, c: I will go to college.
9. p: Candidates are present, The given statement is r  c  c  r
q: Voters are ready to vote
r: Ballot papers  r : no Ballot papers 36.
‘and’ and ‘but’ are represented by ‘’ symbol. p q pq (p  q)  p
T T T T
10. ~p: She is not beautiful, ‘’ indicates ‘or’.
T F F T
11. ~p: Ram is not lazy, ~q: Ram does not fail in F T F T
the examination, ‘’ indicates ‘or’. F F F T
15. “Implies” is expressed as ‘’. 37.
 symbolic form is p  q p q ~q p  q p ~q (p  q)  (p  ~q)
16. (~d: Driver is not drunk) implies T T F T F F
(~a: He cannot meet with an accident). T F T F T F
F T F F T F
17. “if and only if” is expressed as ‘’
F F T F T F
 symbolic form is a  b.
19. p: A, B,C, are distinct points 38.
q: Points are collinear p q ~q p  ~q ~(p ~q) p  ~(p  ~q)
r: Points form a triangle T T F F T T
 p implies (q or r) i.e. p  (q  r) T F T T F F
F T F F T T
20. ‘m  n’ means ‘If m then n’,
F F T F T T
 option (C) is correct.
196
 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
39.
(p q)  Critical Thinking
p q p  q p q p  q
(p  q) 1. ‘Incorrect statement’ means a statement in
T T T F F T T logic with truth value false.
T F F F T T F Options (A) and (C) are not statements in
F T T T F F F logic.
F F T T T T T Option (D) has truth value True.
Option (B) is a statement in logic with truth
40. Option (C) is a true statement, since, x = 3  N value false.
satisfies x + 5 = 8.
2. p: One being lucky,
41. Option (D) is the required true statement since q: One should stop working
x = 6  W satisfies x2  4 = 32  Symbolic form: (p  ~p)  ~q
43. p: Manoj has the job, q: he is not happy 3. p: Physics is interesting.
Symbolic form is p  q. q: Physics is difficult.
Its dual is p  q.  Symbolic form: ~ (~p  q)
 Manoj has the job or he is not happy.
4. p: Intelligent persons are polite.
44. ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q q: Intelligent persons are helpful.
45. ~[p  (~q)]  ~p  ~(~q)  ~p  q  Symbolic form: ~ (~p  ~q)

46. p : I like Mathematics 5. ~p  (q  ~r) and (p  q)  r

q : I like English.  ~T  (T  ~F) and (T  T)  F
~ (p  q )  ~ p  ~ q  F  (T  T) and (T  F)
 Option (D) is correct.  F  T and T  F  F and F

47. We know that, 6. (~p  q)  ~(p  q) and ~p  (p  ~q)

p  q  (p  q)  (q  p)  (~F  F)  ~(F  F) and ~F  (F  ~F)
 (p  q)  [(p  q)  (q  p)]  (T  F)  ~F and T  (F  T)
  (p  q)  (q  p)  T  T and T  T
….[By Demorgan’s Law]  T and T
 (p  q)  (q  p)
7. (p  q)  (~q  ~p) and (~p  q)  (~q  p)
….[ (p  q) = p  q]  (T  F)  (~F  ~T) and (~T  F)  (~F  T)
48. p : It is Sunday  F  (T  F) and (F  F)  (T  T)
q : It is a holiday  F  F and F  T  T and F
 Symbolic form p  q 8. pqFTF
~ (p  q)  p  ~ q p~qF~TFFF
i.e. It is Sunday, but it is not a holiday qpTFF
49. Given statement is ‘ x  N, x + 5 > 4’ pqFTT
 ~ [  x  N, , x + 5 > 4] 9. ~p~q~F~TTFF
  x  N, such that x + 5 ≤ 4 p  (q  p)  F  (T  F)  F  F  T
i.e., there exists a natural number x, for which p~qF~TFFT
x+54
q~pT~FTTT
51. Current will flow in the circuit if switch p and 10. Consider option (C)
q are closed or switch r is closed. (p  q)  (p  r)  (T  T)  (T  F)
It is represented by TT
(p  q)  r. T
 option (A) is correct.  option (C) is correct.
197
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
47. Let 1,a, b, 64 59. Here a = 3, d = 2 and r = r
 a2 = b and b2 = 64a a dr
 a = 4 and b = 16
Now S = 
1  r (1  r) 2
 r  1
48. Let the numbers be a, ar, ar2 3 2r 44 3r
 S =   
Sum = 70  a(1 + r + r2) = 70 1  r (1  r) 2 9 (1  r) 2
It is given that 4a, 5ar, 4ar2 are in A.P.  44r2 – 79r + 17 = 0
1 1 17
 2(5ar) = 4a + 4ar2  r = 2 or r =  r= or
2 4 11
Substituting values of r, a = 10 and a = 40 17
 The numbers are 10, 20, 40 or 40, 20, 10 But, r ≠
11
a 1
49. Let numbers are , a, ar  r=
r 4
According to given conditions, n n n 2(n)(n  1)
a 60.  (2r  5) = 2  r + 5 = 2
 5n
. a . ar  216 r 1 r 1 r 1
r = n(n + 6)
a=6
61. (22  12) + (42  32) + (62  52) + …..
And, sum of product pairwise = 156
= (22 + 42 + 62 + …)  (12 + 32 + 52 +…)
a a
 . a  . ar  a . ar  156 n n n n

  2r     2r  1  1
2 2
r r = = 4r 
r=3 r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1

Hence, numbers are 2, 6, 18.  n  n  1 

= 4   n = n(2n + 1)
Trick : Since 2 × 6 × 18 = 216 (as given) and  2 
no other option gives the value.
n(n  1) (2n  1)
50. Considering corresponding A.P. 62. = 1015
6
a + 6d = 10 and a + 11d = 25  d = 3, a =  8  n(n + 1)(2n + 1) = 6090
 t20 = a + 19d =  8 + 57 = 49  n(n + 1)(2n + 1) = 14  15  29
Hence, 20th term of the corresponding H.P. is  n = 14
1
. 63. (31)2 + (32)2 + (33)2 + ….. + (60)2
49 = [(1)2 + (2)2 + (3)2 +….+ (60)2]
53. H < G < A  [(1)2 + (2)2 + (3)2 +…..+ (30)2]
60 30
54. (A.M.) (H.M.) = (G.M)2 =  r 2   r 2 = 64355
 9. 36 = (G.M)2  G.M. = 18 r 1 r 1
64. The first factors of the terms of the given
56. G2 = AH series is 1, 2, 3, 4, …., n and second factors of
 144 = 25H the terms of the given series is
 H = 5.76 2, 3, 4, …….(n + 1)
58. Let S = 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 7x3 + ….  nth term of the given series
= n(n + 1) = n2 + n
Then, xS = 1x + 3x2 + 5x3 + ….
Hence, sum =
S  xS = 1 + 2x + 2x2 + 2x3 + …. to 
1 n
 S(1  x) = 1 + 2x + 2x2 + 2x3 + … to  n 2  n  n(n  1)(2n  1)  (n  1)
6 2
2x 1  x  2x
=1+ = 1
1 x 1 x  n(n  1)(2n  1  3)
6
1 x
 S= 1
1  x 
2
 n(n  1)(n  2)
3
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 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic

28. ~[ p  ( ~ q  ~ p)] 5. The symbol p  q means

 ~ p  ~ (~ q  ~ p) ….[By De Morgan’s law] Mathematics is interesting and Mathematics is
 ~ p  [ ~ ( ~ q )  ~ (~ p) ] difficult.
 ~ p  (q  p) 6. p : roses are red
 ( ~ p  q )  ( ~ p  p) q : The sun is a star
….[Distributive property] (~p)  q : roses are not red or the sun is a star.
(~pq)F ….[Complement law]
~pq ….[Identity law] 7. ~ p : Boys are not playing
The symbol ‘’ means ‘or’.
29. ~[p  (p  ~q)]  p  ~[p  (~q)]
 p  (~p  q) 8. Consider option (C),
30. 2
~ [ x  R, such that x + 3 > 0] (p  q)  q  (T  T)  T
=  x  R, x2 + 3  0  (T  F)  T
FT
31. p: Saral Mart does not reduce the prices.
q: I will not shop there any more. T
Symbolic form is p  q  option (C) is correct.
~ (p  q)  p  ~ q 9.
i.e. Saral Mart does not reduce the prices and p q ~p ~p  q p  (~p  q)
still I will shop there.
T T F T T
36. The symbolic form of circuit is
T F F F F
(p  q)  (~p  q)  (p  ~p)  q
F T T T T
Tq
F F T T T
q
37. The symbolic form of circuit is  From the table p  (~p  q) is false when p is
[(~p  ~q)  p  q ]  r true and q is false.
 [~(p  q)  (p  q)]  r 10. Since, (p   q)  ( p  r)  F
Tr
 p   q  T and  p  r  F
r
 p  T, ~ q  T and ~ p  F, r  F
 p  T, q  F, r  F
Competitive Thinking  The truth values of p, q and r are T, F, F
respectively.
2. Man is not rich : ~ q
Man is not happy : ~ p 11. Since, both the given statements p and q have
 The symbolic representation of the given truth values T,
statement is ~ q  ~ p.  p  q  T  T  T, and
3. ~ p : Ram is not rich pqTTT
~ q : Ram is not successful 12. Contrapositive of (p  q)  r is
~ r : Ram is not talented
r  (p  q) i.e. r  p  q
 The symbolic form of the given statement is
~p  ~q  ~r. 13. Given p  q
4. “Not a correct statement” means it is a Its contrapositive is q  p
statement whose truth value is false. and its converse is p  q
Option (A) is not a statement.
14. Let p : Ram secures 100 marks in maths
Options (C) and (D) are statements with truth
q : Ram will get a mobile
value true.
Converse of p  q is q  p
‘ 3 is a prime’ is false statement.
i.e., If Ram will get a mobile, then he secures
Hence, option (B) is correct. 100 marks in maths.
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
15. Inverse of q  p is ~q  ~p 25. (p  ~q)  q  (~p  q)
i.e., If a triangle is not equiangular then it is  [(p  q)  (~q  q)]  (~p  q)
not equilateral.  [(p  q)  T]  (~p  q)]
16. Let p : It is raining  (p  q)  (~p  q)
 (p  q  ~p)  (p  q  q)
q : I will not come
 (T  q)  (p  q)  T  (p  q)
Contrapositive of p  q is q  p
pq
i.e., If I will come, then it is not raining.
26.
17. Let p = x is a prime number, q = x is odd. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Contrapositive of p  q is  q   p p p
p q qp qp
(q  p) (q  p)
18. p: The weather is fine. T T T T T T
q: My friends will come and we will go for a T F T T T T
picnic. F T F T T T
 Statement is p  q F F T T F T
Contrapositive of p  q is  q   p The entries in the columns 4 and 6 are identical.
i.e., if my friends do not come or we do not go  p  (q  p)  p  (p q)
for a picnic then weather will not be fine.
27. p  (q)  p  q
19. Let p : x is prime number  q  p
q : x is odd
 Statement is p  q 28. ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q is not true as it contradicts
De Morgan’s law.
Converse of p  q is q  p
 option (D) is not true.
Contrapositive of q  p is ~p  ~q.
29. p  ( p  q)  p   p)  q
21.
Fq
1 2 3 4 5 6 F
p q p p  q q p (q  p) 30.
T T F F T F p  p p  p  p  p (pp)(p p)
T F F F T F T F F T F
F T T T F T F T T F F
F F T F T F 31.
The entries in the columns 4 and 6 are identical. (p  ~ q)
p q ~ p ~ q (p ~q) (~p  q)
 p  q  (q  p)  (~ p  q)
T T F F F F F
22. Consider option (B)
T F F T T F F
(p  q)  ~ p  (p  ~p)  (q  ~p) F T T F F T F
 F  (q  ~p) F F T T F F F
 q  ~p  Given statement is contradiction.
 ~p  q 32. Since, p  ~p  T
23. (p  q)  (~q  p)  (p  q)  (p  ~ q)  (~q  p)  (p  ~p)  (~q  p)  T  T
 (~q  p)  (p  ~p) is a tautology.
 p  (q  ~q)
pTp 33. Consider option (C)
A B AB A  (A  B) [A  (A  B)]  B
24.  (p  q)  ( p  q) T T T T T
 ( p   q)  ( p  q) T F F F T
  p  ( q  q) F T T F T
pT F F T F T
p  option (C) is correct.

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 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
34. Consider option (C) 45. ~(p  q)  (~p)  (~q)
p q q  p ~p ~p q (q p)  (~p q) i.e.,7 is greater than 4 and Paris is not in
T T T F F T France.
T F T F T T 46. ~[~s  (~r  s)]
F T F T T T
 ~(~s)  ~(~r  s) ....[De Morgan’s Law]
F F T T F T
 s  (r  ~s)
35. p  q is logically equivalent to q  p
 (s  r)  (s  ~s) ....[Distributive property]
 (p  q)  (q  p) is tautology
But, it is given contradiction.  (s  r)  F ....[Complement law]
Hence, it is false statement. sr ....[Identity law]
36. 47. pq  ~ pq
1 2 3 4 5 6
 ~ (p  q)  p  ~ q
p q q p  q ~(p  ~q) pq
T T F F T T 48. Since, p  q  p  q
T F T T F F
 p  q  p  q
F T F T F F
F F T F T T  (p  q)  (p  q)
 p  q
The entries in the columns 5 and 6 are
identical. 49. [p  (p  q)]  p   (p  q)
 ~(p  ~q)  p  q  p  (p  q)
37.  (p  p)  ~ q
p q ~p pq ~pq (~p  q) (p  q)   p  q
 q [(~p  q) q] 50. Since, p  q  p  q
T T F T T T T
 ~[(p  q)  (~p  r)]
T F F F T F T
F T T T T T T  ~[~(p  q)  (~p  r)]
F F T T F T T  ~[(~p  ~q)  (~p  r)]
 ~(~p  ~q)  ~(~p  r)
38. Option (C) is the correct answer since there
exists a real number x = 0, such that x2 = 0.  (p  q)  (p  ~r)
Zero is neither positive nor negative. 52. Let p : 2 is prime, q : 3 is odd
 Symbolic form p  q
39. Dual of ~p  (q  c) = ~p  (q  t)
 ~(p  q)  p  ~q
40. Negation of q  (p  r) is i.e., 2 is prime and 3 is not odd.
[q  (p  r)]  q  ((p  r))
 q  (p  r) 53. p: Hema gets admission in good college.
q: Hema gets above 95% marks.
41. ~[(p  ~q)  q]  ~(p  ~q)  ~q  Statement is p  q
….[De Morgan’s Law]
~ (p  q)  p   q
 (~p)  [~(~q)]  ~q
 (~p  q)  ~q 54. Given statement is
42. p : A is rich, q : A is silly  x  S, such that x > 0
 ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q  ~ (  x  S, such that x > 0)
  x  S, x  0
43. ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q
i.e., Every rational number x  S satisfies x  0.
44. p: 72 is divisible by 2.
q: 72 is divisible by 3. 55. The current will flow through the circuit if p,
 Statement is p  q q, r are closed or p, q, r are closed.
 (p  q)   p   q  option (C) is the correct answer.
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
26. The sum of n arithmetic mean between a and b Putting a = 5
n  2(25 + d2) + 25 = 83
 (a  b)
2  2d2 = 8
d=2
a n 1  b n 1 a  b Thus, numbers are 3, 5, 7.
27. 
a n  bn 2 Trick :
 a – ab + bn+1 – ban = 0
n+1 n
Since 3 + 5 + 7 = 15 and 32 + 52 + 72 = 83
 (a – b) (an – bn) = 0  1  1  1
a
n
a
0 32. 1   + 1   + 1   + ….
If an – bn = 0. Then    1     2  4  8
b b  1 1 1
Hence, n = 0  tn = 1   n th term of G.P. , , 
 2 4 8
28. The resulting progression will have n + 2 1 1
n 1

terms with 2 as the first term and 38 as the last =1  

term. 2 2
Therefore, the sum of the progression 1
=1 n
n2 2
 (2  38)
2
33. t3 = 4  ar2 = 4
= 20(n + 2)
 a  ar  ar2  ar3  ar4 = (ar2)5 = 45
By hypothesis, 20(n + 2) = 200
n=8 34. t3 = ar31 = ar2 = 36 and t6 = ar61 = ar5 = 972
29. As, log 2, log(2n – 1) and log(2n + 3) are in Solving, a = 4 and r = 3
A.P.  t8 = ar7 = 4(3)7 = 8748
Therefore, 35. tn = arn  1 and r = 2
2 log(2n – 1) = log 2 + log(2n + 3)
 tn = a(2)n  1  t9 = a(2)8
22n – 4.2n – 5 = 0
128 1
 (2n – 5)(2n + 1) = 0  a(2)8 = 128  a = =
As 2n cannot be negative, hence 2n – 5 = 0 256 2
 2n = 5 or n = log2 5 36. ab2 = a(ac) and cb2 = c(ac)
30. The given numbers are in A.P.  ab2  cb2 = a2c  ac2
 2 log9 (31–x + 2) = log3 (4.3x – 1) + 1  a (b2 + c2) = c(a2 + b2)
 2 log 2 (31–x + 2) = log3 (4.3x – 1) + log3 3 37. a + ar =  4 and ar4 = 4ar2  r2 = 4  r =  2
3

2 4
 log3 (31–x + 2) = log3[3(4.3x – 1)] Substituting r =  2, we get a = and a = 4
2 3
 31–x + 2 = 3(4.3x – 1) 4 8 16
 Required G.P. is , , , ….
3 3 3 3
 + 2 = 12y – 3, where y = 3x
y or 4,  8, 16, – 32, ….
 12y2 – 5y – 3 = 0 38. The common ratio of the G.P. is xn + 4
1 3 1 3  8th term = x52 = x4 (xn + 4)7
 y or  3x = or 3x =
3 4 3 4  7n = 28
3 n=4
 x = log3    x = 1 – log3 4
4 39. Let ARp1 = a,
31. Let the three numbers be a – d, a, a + d ARq1 = b,
We get a – d + a + a + d = 15 ARr1 = c
a=5 So
and (a – d)2 + a2 + (a + d)2 = 83 aqr brp cpq = (ARp1)qr (ARq1)rp (ARr1)pq
 a2 + d2 – 2ad + a2 + a2 + d2 + 2ad = 83 = A(qr+rp+pq) R(pqprq+r+qrpqr+p+prrqp+q)
 2(a2 + d2) + a2 = 83 = A0R0 = 1
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 Textbook
Chapter No.

02 Matrices
Hints

5. M11 = minor of a11 = |a22| = a22

Classical Thinking ….[By leaving first row and first column]
6. The minor of element a21 = M21 = 1
 1 1 1 0
1.  2 3  = 0 1  A ….[By leaving R2 and C1]
   
2 3
Applying R2  R2 – 2R1, 7. M31 = ….[By leaving R3 and C1]
1   1 4 2
 1 0 
 2  2 1 3  2 1    0  2 1 1  2 0  A = 8
       
1 1  1 0  1 1
8. M23 = =3
 0 5    2 1  A 1 2
   
9. A12 = (1)1+2 M12 = (1)3 (3) = 3
1 2 1
2. A=  
 3 2 5  10. A21 = (1)3 M21 =  (3) =  3
Applying R1  R2, 2 3
11. A32 = (1)3+2.M32 = (1)5 =2
 3 2 5  4 5
A~  
1 2 1
1 1
A31 =  1
31
Applying C1  C1 + 2C3, 12. = 3  1 =  4
1 3
13 2 5 
A~   A32 = (3  2) =  (5) = 5
 1 2 1 A33 = 1  2 =  1
1 1 2   Co-factors are  4, 5,  1
3. Let A =  2 1 3 
  13. Matrix of co-factors
 3 2 4 
A A12   2   3 
=  A ij  =  11 =
Applying R2  R2  2R1 and R3  R3  3R1, 2 2
 A 21 A 22   5 1 

1 1 2 
2 3
A ~  0 3 1 =  
 5 1
 0 5 2  T
T 2 3  2 5
5  adj A =  A ij     
Applying R3  R3    R2, 2 2
 5 1  3 1
3
1 1 2  1 4 
14. Let A =  
A ~ 0 3 1  3 2 
 1 Matrix of co-factors is:
0 0    2 3 
 3
 A ij    
which is an upper triangular matrix. 2 2
4 1 
T
4. If |A|  0, then A1 exists T  2 3  2 4
 adj A =  A ij     
 |A| is non zero
2 2
4 1   3 1 
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
15. Matrix of co-factors is : 3 2
 A11 A12 A13   3 3 9  22. Let A =    | A | = 14 ≠ 0
1 4 
 Aij    A 21 A 22 A 23  =  0 1 2 
33    
 A 31 A 32 A 33   0 0 3   4 2
adj A =  
T 1 3
 3 3 9 
adj A =  A ij  33   0 1 2  4 2
T

 14 14 
 0 0 3   A–1 =  
 3 0 0   1 3 
 14 14 
 adj A =  3 1 0 
 9 2 3 23. The inverse of the given diagonal matrix is
16. Matrix of co-factors is : 1 
0
 3 9 5 A = a
1
 
 A ij    4 1 3  0 b
33  
 5 4 1 
1 1 1
 3 4 5 
adjA  [A ij ]33   9 1
T
4  24. |A| = 1 0 2 = 4  0
3 1 1
 5 3 1 
T
17. | adj (adj A) | = | A | = 12  10 = 2  2 5 1   2 0 2 
18. |A| = a3  0 2 2   
adj A =   =  5 2 1
|A| |adj A| = |A (adj A)| = |A| I  2 1 1  1 2 1
|A| 0 0
= 0 | A | 0 = |A|3 = (a3)3 = a9  2 0 2 
–1 1  5 2 1
0 0 |A|  A =
4  
1 2 1
2 3
19. |A| = = 12  12 = 0
4 6
 3 2 1
 A1 does not exist.
25. Let A =  4 1 1  |A| = 1  0
1 3 
20. Let A =    2 0 1 
3 10 
1 3 1 2 3
 |A| =
3 10
=1 adj A =  2 5 7 

 2 4 5
10 3
adj A =  
 3 1  1 2 3
1 10 3  A =  2 5 7 
–1 
A1 = adj A =  
|A|  3 1   2 4 5
21. The multiplicative inverse of A = A–1
2 1 26. The inverse of the given diagonal matrix is,
A  = 1 0
7 4 1 
a 0 0
 4 1  
adj A =   1
 7 2  A1 =  0 0
 b 
1  4 1  
 A1 = .adjA   0 1
 0
|A|  7 2   c 

204
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 1 pq 75. a, b, c are in H.P.
From (i) – (ii), (p – q)d =  =
q p pq 2ac
 b=
1 ac
d= 2bd
pq Also b, c, d are in H.P.  c =
bd
From (i),
4abcd
1 1 1 Multiplying we get, bc =
a + (p – 1) = a= (a  c) (b  d)
pq q pq
 ab + bc + cd + ad = 4ad
 Tpq  a  (pq  1)d
 ab + bc + cd = 3ad
1 1
  (pq  1) = 1 76. We know that A > G > H
pq pq
Where A is arithmetic mean, G is geometric
Therefore, pqth term is 1. mean and H is harmonic mean, then A > G
 a2  ab
2    ab or (a + b) > 2 ab
 1  a 2 b2  2a 2 2
71. H.M. = = =a
a a 2a 77. Let the numbers be a and b, then

1  ab 1  ab 2ab ab
4= a+b=
ab 2
2ab c 2b c 2a
72. c=  = and = ab
ab a ab b ab A= and G = ab
2
c c 2b 2a Also, 2A + G2 = 27
 + = + =2
a b ab ab ab
 a + b + ab = 27  + ab = 27  ab = 18
2ab 2
73. H= and hence a + b = 9.
ab
Only option A satisfies this condition.
2ab ab  a 2
Ha= a=
ab ab 78. As given, 2b = a + c  32b = 3a+c
or (3b)2 = 3a.3c i.e 3a, 3b, 3c are in G.P.
2ab ab  b 2
and H  b = b=
ab ab T2 T3
79. 
1 1 ab ab T1 T2
 + = +
H  a H  b ab  a 2 ab  b2  2(b–a)x = 2(c–b)x
a  b  b  a    (b – a)x = (c – b)x
 b  a   ab 
=  (b – a) = (c – b)  x, x ≠ 0
 2ax+1, 2bx+1, 2cx+1 is a G.P.,  x ≠ 0
1 1
= +
a b 80. a, b, c are in A.P.  2b = a + c
Now,
2ab H 2b (10bx+10)2 = (10ax+10. 10cx+10)
74. H=  =
ab a ab  102 (bx+10) = 10ax+cx+20
Ha 3b  a  2(bx + 10) = ax + cx + 20,  x
 =
Ha ba  2b = a + c i.e. a, b, c are in A.P.
H  b 3a  b 3a  b Hence, these are in G.P.  x
Similarly, = =
Hb ab ba Alternate Method :
Ha Hb 2b  2a As we know if a, b, c are in A.P., then xan+r,
 + = =2
Ha Hb ba xbn+r, xcn+r are in G.P. for every n and r.

148
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 4. Matrix of co-factors,
36. |A| = – 0
2  4 1 4 
i   A ij    3 0 4 
0 33  
adj A =  2 
 3 1 3 
 
0 i  4 3 3
i   adj N  [A ] T
ij 33 =  1 0 1  = N
–1 1 2 0   i 0 
 A = =  4 4 3 
1    0 2i 
0 i 
2 34 39   94 39 
5. AB =    adj (AB) =  82 34 
82 94   
37.  adj (AB) = adj (B) adj (A)
6. A is a 2  2 matrix
 |adjA| = | A | = 10
Critical Thinking
7. A is a 3  3 Matrix
 1 3 2  1 0 0   | adj A | = | A |2 = (12)2 = 144
1.  3 0 5   A 0 1 0  8. A (Adj A) = | A | . (In)
   
 2 5 0  0 0 1  10 0  1 0 
  0 10  = | A | 0 1 
Applying C2  C2 – 3C1 and C3  C3 + 2C1,    
 1 3  3 2  2  1 0  3 0  2  10 0  | A | 0 
   =  
 3 0  9 5  6   A 0 1  0 0  0   0 10   0 | A |
   
 2 5  6 0  4   0 0  0 1  0   | A | = 10
9. A(adj A) = |A| I
1 0 0   1 3 2 
 |A (adj A)| = |A|n (If A is of order n  n)
 3 9 11  A 0 1 0 
 
 |A| |adj A| = |A|n
   
 2 1 4  0 0 1   |Adj A| = |A|n1
Since, A is singular
 2 3 3   |A| = 0
2. A =  2 2 3   |Adj A| = 0
Hence, adj A is a singular matrix.
 3 2 2 
10. A is a Singular matrix.
Applying C2  C2 + 2 C1,  |A| = 0 and A.(adj A) = |A|. I = 0.I = 0
2 1 3  A (adj A) is a zero matrix.
 A ~  2 6 3 
 d b 
 3 4 2  11. adj A =  
 c a 
Applying R1  R1 + R3, a b 
 adj (adj A) =   =A
5 5 5 c d 
A ~  2 6 3 
2 0 1
 3 4 2 
12. |A| = 5 1 0 = 1  0
3. a11A11 + a21A21 + a31A31 0 1 3
= 1(4  3) + 3[(4  1)] + 2(6  2) = 0  3 1 1 
and |A| = 1(4  3)  2(6  6) + 1(3  4) = 0 adj A =  15 6 5


 a11A11 + a21A21 + a31A31 = |A|  5 2 2 

206
 Chapter 02: Matrices

 3 1 1   1 1  3 2 
1
 1 1   1 2 
1  –1
(adj A) =  15 6 5
1 A =     =    
 A =  2 0  1 1   2 0   1 3 
|A|
 5 2 2  0 1 
=  
1 1 1  2 4 
17. If AB = C, then B1 A1 = C1
13. |A| = 6 7 8 = –16  0
 A1 = BC1
6 7 8 0 1  3 2
 A   =  
 2  4
T
 112 96 0  1 1 
adj A =  15 14 1
1
0 1  3 2
1
A =    
 1 2 1   2  4 1 1 
 112 15 1 0 1   1  2
=    
=  96 14 2 

 2  4   1 3 
 0 1 1   1 3 
=  
 112 15 1   6 16 
1 
 –1
A = –  96 14 2  18. If XAY = I, then A = X–1 Y–1 = (YX)–1
16
 0 1 1   3 2   2 1   8 5
Here, YX =     =  
 5 3  7 4   11 7 
2 0 0 1
 8 5
14. D =  0 3 0   A=  
 11 7 
 0 0 4 
 7 5
The inverse of the given diagonal matrix is =  
 11 8
1 
2 0 0 19. (BA)1 = C
   A–1B1 = C  A–1 = CB
1  1 
D = 0 0  1 0 1  2 6 4 
 3 
   A =  1
–1
1 3   1 0 1 
0 0 1
 4   2 0 2   1 1 1

1 1   3 5 5 
 D1 = diag  , ,  =  0 9 2 
2 3 4
 2 14 6 
15. If AC = B, then A = BC1
1 20. Since, PQ = – 5I3
 3 1 1 5 1
 A =      (PQ)–1 = – I3
6 0  0 1 5
 3 1  1 5 
=     2 3
6 0   0 1  21. |A| =  7  0
1 2
 3 16 
=    2 3
 6 30  adjA   
 1 2 
16. If AB = C, then B1 A–1 = C–1 1 1  2 3 1
 A1 = adjA =  = A
 A–1 = BC–1 A  7  1 2  7
1 1  3 2  1
Here, A   =    =
2 0 1 1  7
207
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

1 2 1 28. 4A3 + 2A2 + 7A + I = 0

22. | A |  3 4 5  34  4A1A3 + 2A1A2 + 7A1A + A1I = 0
2 6 7  4A2 + 2A + 7I + A1 = 0
Co-factor of element a23 of A = A23  A1 = (4A2 + 2A + 7I)
1 2
 A 23  ( 1) 2  3 2 29. The given system of equations can be written
2 6 in the matrix form as AX = B, where
A 23 2 1  5 7  x  2
 Element a 32 of A 1    A = , X =   and B =  
A 34 17 
 7 5   y  3
23. A2 – 3A – 7I = 0
5 7
1 |A| =  24  0
 A  3I  7A1 = 0  A1 = (A  3I) 7 5
7
1   5 3   3 0   AX = B
 A1 =   
7   1 2  0 3  
 5 7   x   2 
 7 5   y  =  3 
 2 3       
 7 7  5
=   R1  R1  R2
 1 5
  7
 7 7  24 
  1 
 0 x
 x 1   x 1   x  1 x  1 0  7   = 7
2
24. A2 =  = 
    =      y  
1 0 1 0  x 1  0 1   7 5  3
x=0 24 1 1
1 0   y=  y=
 A=  7 7 24

0 1  11
7x  5y = 3  x =
A2 = I 24
 A1 A.A = A1 I Alternate method:
 I.A = A1 I the given system of equations has a unique
solution which is given by X = A–1 B.
 A1 = A
25. AB = 3I  5 7 
adj A =  
 A1 AB = 3 A1 I  7 5 
 B = 3A1 1  5 7 
1  A–1 =  7 5 
 A–1 = B 24  
3
26. A2  A + 2I = 0 1  5 7   2  1 11
 X = A–1 B = =
 A.A  A + 2I = 0 24  7 5   3 24  1 
   
 A1.A.A  A1.A + 2 A1.I = 0
 11 
 A  I + 2 A1 = 0  24 
x
 2 A1 = I  A   =  
1  y 1 
 A1 = (I  A)  24 
2
27. A2 + mA + nI = 0 x=
11
, y=
1
 A.A + mA + nI = 0 24 24
 A1.A.A + mA1 .A + nA1.I = 0 30. AX = B
 A + mI + nA1 = 0
1 1 2   x1  3
 nA1 = A  mI 2 0 1  x  = 1 
1    2  
 A1 = (A + mI)  3 2 1   x3   4 
n

208
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 108. Let S = i  2  3i + 4 + 5i + ….. + 100i100
101.  +  +…. = 1  +  +….
2! 3! 4! 5! 1! 2! 3!  S = i + 2i2 + 3i3 + 4i4 + 5i5 + ….. + 100i100
which is the expansion of e1  iS = i2 + 2i3 + 3i4 + 4i5 +…+ 99i100 +100i101
x2  x  x4  x 
102. e–x = (1 – x) +  1  + 1   + …
2!  3  4!  5   S – iS = [i + i2 + i3 + i4 + …. + i100]  100i101
1  1 1  1  S(1  i) = 0  100i101 =  100 i
 e–1 = (1 – 1) + 1   + 1   + .... 100i
2!  3  4!  5   S= = 50i(1 + i) =  50(i  1)
2 4 6 1 i
= + + + …. = 50(1  i)
3! 5! 7!
1 1
103. Let tn = 109. Here, Tr = , r = 1, 2, …. n
 n  1! r(r  1)
1 1 1 1 1 1
Sn =     ....  Tr = 
2! 3! 4! 5! r r 1
 1 1 1 1 1   1 n
= 1       ....  1  1!  Required sum =  Tr
 1! 2! 3! 4! 5!   
r 1
= e  (1 + 1) = e  2
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
1 1 = 1           ….+   
 e   1 (e  1) 2  2  2 3  3 4  n n 1
2 e
104. Given ratio =  
1 1 (e  1) (e  1) 1 n
e   =1– =
2 e n 1 n 1
e 1
 110. sin A, cos A and tan A are in G.P.
e 1
sin 2 A
1 1 1  cos2 A = sin A tan A =
105. + + + ….  cos A
1 2 3 4 5 6 3 2
 cos A = sin A
 1 1 1 1 1
= 1   +    +    + …. to   cos3 A = 1  cos2 A
 2 3 4 5 6
= log 2  cos3 A + cos2 A = 1
n
3n  1 1 1
106. Tn = n = 1    111. cos4  sec2 , and sin4  cosec2  are in A.P.
3 3 2
1 1
n
  1 = cos  sec  + sin4  cosec2 
4 2

n 1      cos4  sin2  + sin4  cos2  = sin2  cos2 

n
1 3   3  
Sn = n    3  =n
 1  (1  sin2 ) cos2  sin2  + sin4  (1 sin2)
1  
n 1
 3 = sin2  (1  sin2 )
1 1  cos  sin +sin sin2 sin2(cos2+sin2)
2 2 4

=n (1  3n) = n + (3n  1) = sin2   sin4 

2 2
107. The series is  sin4+sin4–sin2 sin2 –sin2  (1 – cos2 )
2 (2  5)  2  5  8  (2  5  8  11) =0
+ + + +…..  sin4  + sin4   2 sin2  sin2  = 0
1! 2! 3! 4!
(2  5  8  ......n terms)  (sin2   sin2 )2 = 0
Hence, Tn =
n!  sin2  = sin2  and cos2  = cos2 
n  cos8  sec6  + sin8  cosec6 
[2.2  (n  1)3]
= 2 = cos2  + sin2  = 1
n! 1
n (3n  1)  cos8  sec6 , and sin8  cosec6  are in
Tn = 2
2(n)! A.P.
151
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

  14 1  2  3
5. Let A =  2 3 1  = 0 10. A=  
 4 1 
 6 2 3 
 2  3  2  3
Since, A1 doesnot exist 3A2 = 3    
 4 1   4 1 
 A =0
 16 9   48 27 
 14 1 = 3  =  
 12 13   36 39 
 2 3 1
 48 27   24 36 
6 2 3 3A2 + 12A =   
 36 39   48 12 
  (9  2) 14 (6  6)  1 (4  18) = 0  72  63
= 
 7 = 14
 84 51 
  = 2
 51 63
 adj (3A2 + 12A) =  
6. a11 = 1, a12 = 1, a13 = 0 84 72 
1 0
A21 = (1)2+1 = 1 1 1 1 
2 1
11. A =  0 2 3
1 0  2 1 0 
A22 = (1)2+2 =1
1 1
 3 1 1
1 1 B = adj A =  6 2 3 
A23 = (1)2+3 = 1  
1 2  4 3 2 
 a11.A21 + a12.A22 + a13.A23 = 1  1+ 1  1 + 0  1 5 5 5 
=0  adj B =  0 10 15 = 5A
1 2 3 10 5 0 
7. A =  1 1 5   adj B = C ….[ C = 5A(given)]
 2 4 7   |adj B| = |C|
a31 A31 + a32 A32 + a33 A33 adjB
 1
= 2(10 – 3) + 4[– (5 – 3)] + 7 (1 – 2) C
= 14 – 8 – 7 = – 1
12. A (adj A) = |A|.In
 t z  Where, n = order of the matrix
8. Co-factor matrix of X =  
 y x 3 2 1 0  10 0 
 A (adj A ) = 
 Transpose of adj X = co-factor matrix of X 1 4  0 1   0 10 
 t z  cos x sin x
=   13. |A| = = cos2x + sin2x = 1
 y x  sin x cos x
9. Matrix of co-factors is Since, A (adj A) = |A|.I
1 0  1 0 
 2 5 32   A(adj A) = 1  =  
 A ij    0 1 6  0 1  0 1 
33  
 0 0 2  14. Since, A(adj A) = A . I
 2 0 0 k 0  1 0 
  = (cos 2  + sin2 ) 
=  5 1 0   
T
 adj A =  A ij  0 k  0 1 
33
 32 6 2  k=1
210
 Chapter 02: Matrices

1 0 0  k 0 0  23. |adj A| = |A|n1 = |A|21 = |A|

0 1 0    Adj(adj A) = |A|n2 A = |A|0 A = A
15. Let I =   , then kI =  0 k 0 
 0 0 1   0 0 k   option (B) is the correct answer.
k 2 0 0  24. adj AB – (adj B) (adj A)
  = (adj B) (adj A) – (adj B) (adj A)
 adj(kI) =  0 k 2 0  = k2I
 0 0 k2  ….[adj AB = (adj B) (adj A)]
 
3–1
16. adj(X) =  (adj X) =O
….[ adj(kA) = kn–1 (adj A)] 25. Since, AA–1 = I
= 2 adj X  2 x 0   1 0  1 0 
  x x   1 2  =  0 1 
17. Given, A is a singular matrix.     
 |A| = 0  2 x 0  1 0 
n 1
  0 2 x  = 0 1 
Since, adjA  A    
 adjA  0 By equality of matrices,
1
 adj A is also singular. x=
2
18. |Adj A| = |A|n1 = dn1
26. Since, AA1 = I
4 2
19. |A| = = 16  6 = 10 7 1
3 4  x 2   34 17  1 0 
  3 7   3 2  =  0 1 
 | adj A | = |A|n1      
where n  order of matrix.  34 17 
 | adj A| = |A| = 10  7x  6 x  4
1 0 
20. A (adj A) = | A| In   34 17  = 0 1 
   
10 0   0 1 
   = |A| In
 0 10  By equality of matrices,
1 0  x4
 10  =0x4=0
 = |A| In 17
0 1 
 10 In = |A| In x=4
 |A| = 10
 4 2 2
21. Since, A(Adj A) = |A| I 27. 10 A =  5 0  
1
….[ B = A1]
 |A| = 10
 1 2 3 
|Adj A| = |A|n1
 |Adj A| = |A|31 = |A|2 = 102 = 100  4 2 2
 10 A A =  5 0   A
1
1 4 4 
 1 2 3 
22. adj P =  2 1 7 
 1 1 3   4 2 2  1 1 1 
 10 I =  5 0    2 1 3
|adj P| = |P|2 ….[ |adj A| = |A|n1]
 1 2 3  1 1 1 
1 4 4
 2 1 7 = |P|2 10 0 0   10 0 0 
  0 10 0    5   5   5   
  
1 1 3
 0 0 10   0 0 10 
 |P|2 = 1( 4)  4( 1) + 4(1)
 |P|2 = 4  |P| =  2  –5 +  = 0   = 5
211
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

5 4  The inverse of the given diagonal matrix is

28. |A| =  2
3 2 1 
2 0 0
 2 4   
adj A =  1

 3 5  A1 =  0 0
 3 
1  2 4   
A1 =   0 0 1
2  3 5   4 
2 3 1 
29. | A |  8 a 0 0
4 2
a 0 0   
1
2 3
adj A =  33. If B =  0 b 0  , then B–1 =  0 0
  b 
4 2  0 0 c   
0 1
1 2 3 0
A1 =    c 
8  4 2 
2  1 
k 0 0 2 0 0
 1 1 
    
2 2  3 1
30. |U|=  =10  A–1 =  0 0 = 0 0
 1 1   l   3 
    
 2 2  0 4 0 1
0 0
 1 1   m   4 
 2 2  2 1
adj U =   =  k = 4,
 1 1  k 2
 2 2  3 1
 =  l = 9 and
 1 1  l 3
1  2 2  4 1
 U1 = (adj U) =  =  m = 16
|U|  1 1  m 4
 2 2   k + l + m = 4 + 9 + 16 = 29

= UT 0 1 0
a c 34. |A| = 1 0 0 = – 1  0
31. |A| = = ab – cd
d b 0 0 1
 b c  0 1 0 
adj A =  
d a  adj A   1 0 0 
1  b c  0 0 1
 A–1 =
ab  cd d a  0 1 0
 A =  1 0 0  = A
–1
a 0 0 
 0 0 1 
32. The inverse of diagonal matrix  0 b 0  is
 0 0 c  0 1 0
1  35. | A | = 1 0 0 = 1  0
a 0 0
  0 0 1
0 1 0
 b   0 1 0 
  adj A =  1 0 0 
0 0 1
 c   0 0 1 

212
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
16. The series of all natural numbers is 21. Here, a = ` 200, d = ` 40
3, 6, 9, 12, ........ 99 Saving in first two months = ` 400
99 Remained saving = 200 + 240 + 280 + ….
Here n = = 33, a = 3, d = 3
3 upto n terms
l = 99 n
 [400 + (n – 1)40] = 11040 – 400
33 2
 S33 = {3 + 99}
2  200n + 20n2 – 20n = 10640
33  20n2 + 180n – 10640 = 0
=  102
2  n2 + 9n – 532 = 0
= 33  51 = 1683  (n + 28) (n – 19) = 0
17. Series, 2 + 5 + 8 + 11 + …..  n = 19
a = 2,d = 3 and let number of terms be n,  Number of months = 19 + 2 = 21
n
then sum of A.P. = {2a + (n  1)d} 22. According to the given condition,
2
4500 = 150  10
n
 60100 = {2  2 + (n  1)3} + {148 + 146 + … upto n terms}
2
n
 120200 = n(3n + 1) = 1500 + {296 + (n – 1) (2)}
2
 3n2 + n  120200 = 0 2
 (n  200)(3n + 601) = 0  n 149n + 3000 = 0
Hence, n = 200 (n –24)(n –125) = 0
18. 12, 19, …, 96 is the series of numbers which  n = 24 ….[ n  125]
are of two digits and leave remainder 5 when
So, total time taken = 10 + 24 = 34 min.
divided by 7.
Here, a = 12, d = 7 23. Let the number of sides of the polygon be n.
Last term (l) = 96 Then the sum of interior angles of the polygon
13
S13 = 12  96 
= (2n – 4) = (n – 2)
2
2
13
= 108 Since, the angles are in A.P.and a = 120,d = 5
2
= 702 therefore,
n
19. For given series, [2 × 120 + (n – 1)5] = (n – 2)180
2
a=1
d=2  n2 – 25n + 144 = 0
 an = a + (n – 1)d  (n – 9) (n – 16) = 0
 2001 = 1 + (n – 1)(2)  n = 9, 16
 n = 1001 But n = 16 gives,
1001 T16 = a + 15d
 S1001 = [2(1) + (1001 – 1) × (2)]
2 = 120 + 15.5
 S1001 = (1001)2 = 195 which is impossible, as interior
angle cannot be greater than 180.
20. kth term = 5k + 1
Hence, n = 9.
 1st term = a = 6
Sn 2n  3
2nd term = 11 24. We have 1 =
3rd term = 16 Sn 2 6n  5
 d=5 n
100 [2a1  (n  1)d1 ] 2n  3
 S100 = [2 × 6 + (100 – 1) × 5]  2 =
2 n
[2a 2  (n  1)d 2 ] 6n  5
 S100 = 50 (507) 2
154
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 1 2 3  1 2 3 0 3
  47. |A| = =6≠0
42. Let A = 0 1 2   |A| = 0 1 2 = 1 ≠ 0 2 0
0 0 1  0 0 1 1
A1 = adjA = (adj A) ….[Given]
2 3 A
A31 = (–1)3+1 7
1 2 1 1
A  = = 
 1
Element a13 of A = 31  7 A 6
|A|
0 1 2 1 0 0
43. A = 1 2 3  48. A  0 1 1 =60
 3 1 1  0 2 4

1 1 1  6 0 0 
2 2 2 adj A =  0 4 1
–1  
A =  4 3 1  0 2 1 
5 3 1 
  6 0 0 
1 
2 2 2  A =  0 4 1
1

1 1 6
 sum of all the diagonal entries = + 3 + = 4  0 2 1 
2 2
1 0 0  1 0 0  1 0 0
1 2 
44. A=   A = 0 1 1  0
2
1 1  =  0 1 5 
 
4 3
0 2 4  0 2 4   0 10 14 
Ax = I  A1Ax = A1 I
 x = A1  A2 + cA +dI
|A| = 5 1 0 0  c 0 0 d 0 0 
1  3 2  1  3 2  =  0 1 5  + 0
 c c  + 0 d 0
 A1 =   =  4 1  
5  4 1  5    0 10 14  0 2c 4c   0 0 d 

1 5   3 1 1  c  d 0 0 
45. A   
=  0 1  c  d 5  c 
0 1 6 0 
 3 1 1 5
1  0 10  2c 14  4c  d 
A=   
6 0  0 1 Since, 6A1 = A2 + cA + dI
 3 1 1 5   3 16   6 0 0  1  c  d 0 0 
=   =     0 4 1 =  0 1  c  d 5  c 
 6 0   0 1   6 30    
 0 2 1   0 10  2c 14  4c  d 
3 2 1 2
46. |A| =  3, adj A = 0 3   by equality of matrices,
0 1   1 + c + d = 6 and 5 + c = 1,
1 1 2   c =  6 and d = 11
 A–1 =
3 0 3 
3 49. By definition of inverse,
1 1 2  I3I31 = I3
(A–1)3 = 0 3 
27    I3–1 = I3
1  1 2  1 2  1 2 
= 50. A3 = I
27  0 3  0 3  0 3 

 A–1A3 = A–1.I
1  1 26   (A1A)A2 = A1
=
27  0 27   IA2 = A1  A2 = A–1
214
 Chapter 02: Matrices
51. A2 – A + I = 0  1 0 1  x 1 
 A.A  A + I = 0 59. Let A =  1 1 0  , X =  y  and B =
 
1 
 
 A1.A.A  A1.A + A1. I = 0
 A  I + A–1 = 0  0 1 1   z   2 
 A1 = I  A Now AX = B
52. Given, B =  A–1 BA Applying R1  R1+ R2,
 AB = –AA–1BA  0 1 1  x  2
 AB = I (BA)  AB = –BA  1 1 0   y    1 
Now (A + B)2 = (A + B) (A + B)     
 0 1 1   z   2 
= A2 + AB + BA + B2
= A2 + B2 [ BA = – AB] Applying R1  R1 + R3,
 0 0 2  x  4
53. (A1BA)2 = (A1BA) (A1BA)  1 1 0   y    1 
= A1B(AA1)BA     
= A1BIBA  0 1 1   z   2 
= A1B2A  2z = 4  z = 2
(A BA) = (A1B2A) (A1BA)
1 3
y+z=2y=0
= A1B2(AA1)BA  x + y = 1  x = –1
= A1B2IBA  (x, y, z) = (1, 0, 2)
= A1B3A
In general, 60. Applying R2  R2 + 2 R1,
(A1BA)n = A1BnA 1 1 1   x   0 
54. (M1)1  (M1)1 3 0 0   y    3 
    
 (M1)1 = (M1)1 is not true
1 3 1   z   4 
55. (B1A1)1 = (A1)1 . (B1)1 = A . B
Applying R1  R1  R3,
 2 2   0 1  2 2 
 A.B =   =    0 2 0   x   4 
 3 2   1 0   2 3  3 0 0  y    3 
56. (A2 – 5A) A–1 = A.A.A–1 – 5A . A–1     
1 3 1   z   4 
= A – 5I
 1 2 3 5 0 0  –2 y = – 4  y = 2
=  1 1 2   0 5 0  3x = 3  x = 1
x + 3y + z = 4  z = – 3
 1 2 4  0 0 5 
x  1 
 4 2 3    y   2 
   
=  1 4 2   z   3
 1 2 1
61. Applying R1 R1  R3
 1 1  x   2 
57.  1 1  y  =  4   0 0 1  x   1
      1 4 4   y   15 
 x + y = 2 and –x + y = 4     
1 3 4   z  13 
 x = –1, y = 3
 1 2 3   x  1 Applying R2  R2  R3
58.  0 4 5   y   1  0 0 1  x   1
     0 1 0   y    2 
 0 0 1   z  1     
1 3 4   z  13 
z=1
4y + 5z = 1  – z = –1  z = 1
 y = –1 y =2
x + 2y – 3z = 1 x + 3y + 4z = 13  x = 3
x=6  (x, y, z) = (3, 2, 1)
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

a b c  1 2 2
62. Let M =  x y z  , then | U | = 2 1 1 = 3
 l m n  1 4 3
1
0   1  b   1  U exists
M 1    2    y    2   1 2
0

 3 3
0   3   m   3   
7 5
 by the equality of matrices,  U 1   1
 3 3 
b = 1, y = 2, m = 3  
1 1 a  b  1  3 2 1
      1  
M  1   1    x  y  =    sum of elements of U1 = 0
 0   1 l  m   1
64. a11A11 + a12A12 + a13A13
 by the equality of matrices,
= cos(cos  0) + sin[(sin  0)] + 0(00)
a  b = 1, x  y = 1, l  m = 1
= cos2 + sin2 = 1
 a = 0, x = 3, l = 2
1  0  a  b  c  0   
65. | A | = 1 + tan2 = sec2
    
M 1   0    x  y  z  =  0 
 2 2
 
1 12  l  m  n  12   1  tan 
adjA   2
 by the equality of matrices, 
 tan  1 
a + b + c = 0, x + y + z = 0, l + m + n = 12  2 
 c = 1, z = 5, n = 7  
 sum of diagonal elements of M = a + y + n  1  tan 
1 1 2
=0+2+7=9 A 1  adjA   
|A| 2   
sec tan 1 
2  2 
 a1  a 2  a 3 
–1 1
63. Let U1 =  b1  , U2 =  b  and U =
 2 3
b 
 3
AB = I  B = IA  B = A
 
 c1   c 2   c3   1  tan 
1 2 
 B=   = cos2 . AT
1   
sec2  tan 1  2
AU1 =  0  2  2 
 0 
66. F () . F ()
1 0 0   a1  1  cos   sin  0   cos  sin  0 
2 1 0 b  = 0 
    1   =  sin  cos  0    sin  cos  0 
 3 2 1   c1   0   0 0 1   0 0 1 
 al  1  1 0 0 
 2a  b  = 0 
  1 1    = 0 1 0  = I
3a1  2b1  c1  0  0 0 1 
 by the equality of matrices,  [ F() ]1 = F()
a1 = 1, b1 = 2 and c1 = 1
Similarly a2 = 2, b2 = 1 and c2 = 4  1  tan  
67. I+A= 
a3 = 2, b3 = 1 and c3 = 3  tan  1 
1 2 2  1 tan  
IA= 
 U =  2 1 1

  tan  1 
 1 4 3  | I  A | = 1 + tan2  = sec2   0

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 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
37. If a, b, c are in A.P., then 2b = a + c 41. The given sequence is a G.P.
(a  c) 2 (a  c)2 1
So, 2 = a = 3, r =
(b  ac)  a  c 
2
 3
   ac  6 1
 2   1
t6 = 3  
4(a  c)2  3
=
[a 2  c 2  2ac  4ac] 1
5

= 3 
4(a  c) 2  3
= =4
(a  c) 2 1
=
Trick: Put a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, then the 81
4
required value is = 4. 1 20 9 60 6 3
1 42. r= .   
3 3 10 10 10 5
38. Let a – d, a, a + d be the roots of the equation 2
x3 – 12x2 + 39x – 28 = 0  10  3  10 9 2
 4
t5 = ar =    = . 
Then, (a – d) + a + (a + d) = 12 and  9  5  9 25 5
(a – d)a(a + d) = 28
 3a = 12 and a(a2 – d2) = 28 43. Given that x, 2x + 2, 3x + 3 are in G.P.
 a = 4 and a(a2 – d2) = 28 Therefore,
 16 – d2 = 7 (2x + 2)2 = x(3x + 3)
d=3  x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
 (x + 4)(x + 1) = 0
39. Arithmetic mean of nC0, nC1, nC2, ..., nCn
i.e. (n + 1) terms  x = 1,  4
n
C0  n C1  n C 2  ...n Cn Now, first term: a = x
= and second term: ar = 2(x + 1)
n 1
2( x  1)
2 n
r=
= x
n 1 3
 2( x  1)  8
40. For set a to 2b, then 4th term = ar3 = x   = 2 (x + 1)3
 x  x
2b is the (n + 2)th term
 2b = a + (n + 1)d Putting, x =  4
2b  a 8 27
d= We get, t4 = (3)3 =  =  13.5
n 1 16 2
 2b  a  44. Let the first four terms be a, ar, ar2, ar3,
 mth mean = a + md = a + m   ...(i)
 n 1  where r > 0, a > 0
For set 2a to b, According to the given conditions,
b is the (n + 2)th term a – ar = 12 and ar2 – ar3 = 48
 b = 2a + (n + 1)d By solving, we get r = 2 (r > 0)
b  2a So, a = 12
d=
n 1 1
45. t5 = ar4 = …..(i)
 b  2a  3
 mth mean = 2a + md = 2a + m   ...(ii)
 n 1  16
and t9 = ar8 = …..(ii)
 From (i) and (ii) 243
 2b  a   b  2a  2 27
a + m  = 2a + m   Solving (i) and (ii), we get r = and a =
 n 1   n 1  3 16
3 3
a m 3 2 1
 = Now 4th term = ar3 = 4 . 3 =
b n 1 m 2 3 2
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

1 2 3  x   6  1 2 0
6. 2 4 1  y    7  11. det A = 1 1 2
    
 3 2 9   z  14  2 1 1
R2  R2  2R1, R3  R3  3R1 = 13
2
1 2 3   x   6   det (adj (adj A)) = (det A)(3 1)
 0 0 5   y  =  5 
….   adj(adjA)  A
 (n 1)2 
      
 0 4 0   z   4  
4 4
= (det A) = (13)
 5z = 5  z = 1
4y = 4  y = 1 4 0 0
x + 2y + 3z = 6  x = 1 12. A. (adj A) =  0 4 0  ….(i)
 0 0 4 
 1 2 1
1 0 0 
Let A =  2  3 
= 4 0 1 0 
7.
 1 0 3 
0 0 1 
Matrix will not be invertible if |A| = 0 = 4.I
1 2 1 Since, A(adj A) = |A|.I
 2  3 =0  |A| = 4
From (i), |A| . |adj A| = 64
1 0 3
64
 |adj A| = = 16
 1(3) + 2(9)  1() = 0 4
=9 (n 1) 2
Also, |adj (adj A)| = A
8. Given, |A|  0 and |B| = 0 (31)2
= A
 |AB| = |A| |B| = 0
= (4)4 = 256
and |A1 B| = |A1| |B| adj(adjA) 256
1  1 1   = = 16
= |B| ....  | A |  adjA 16
|A|  | A | 
13. Since, A(adj A) = |A|.I
=0
1 Replacing A by adj A, we get
 AB and A B are singular.
adj A (adj(adj A)) = |adj A|I
9. (AB)1 = B1 A1  A1.|A| (adj(adj A)) = |adj A|I
 1 1   1 
  ….  A 1  (adjA) 
 B1 A1 =  2 2   |A| 
 1 0 1 2
  A (adj (adj A)) = |A| .I
 4 
….[ |adj A| = |A|n1]
10. (A  8A)A = A.A.A1  8A.A1
2 1

  A1(adj (adj A)) = 2I

= A  8I
 A1 (adj (adj A)) = I
 1 4 4  8 0 0 
Given, A1(adj (adj A)) = kI
=  4 1 4   0 8 0 
 k=
 4 4 1  0 0 8 
 7 4 4
=  4 7 4 

 4 4 7 

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 Textbook
Chapter No.

03 Trigonometric Functions
Hints

1  
Classical Thinking 7. sin2 = = sin2   = n 
4 6 6
2 2
  ….[ sin  = sin    = n  ]
2. tan = cot  tan = tan    
 2 
8. 4cos2 x + 6sin2 x = 5

  = n + –  4 + 2sin2 x = 5
2 1  
….[ tan  = tan    = n + ]  sin2 x = = sin2  x = n 
2 4 4
3. tan 3x = 1
5
  9. sec2  + tan2   ….(i)
 tan 3x = tan  3x = n + 3
4 4
5
tan   tan   1 + tan2  + tan2  =
....   3
  n    2
nπ   2 tan2  =
 x= + ,nI 3
3 12 1  
 tan2  = = tan2     = n 
  3 6 6
4. tan 3x = cot x  tan 3x = tan   x 
2  ….[ tan2  = tan2    = n  ]
π π
 3x = n + – x  4x = n +
2 2 10. tan  + tan 2 + 3 tan  tan 2 = 3
n    tan  + tan 2 = 3 (1  tan  tan 2)
 x= + = (2n + 1)
4 8 8 tan   tan 2 
 = 3  tan 3 = tan
5. sin2  + sin  = 2 1  tan  tan 2 3
 (sin – 1) (sin + 2) = 0  
 sin  = 1, –2  3 = n  +   = (3n + 1)
3 9
Since, sin  –2
 11. By sine rule,
 sin  = 1 = sin   sin A sin B
2 =
 a b
  = n + (1)n , n  I 2 / 3 sin B
2  
 sin   sin  
2 3
....    sin B = 1 = sin 90  B = 90
   n   1 
n

sin B sin B b
cos  sin  12. = =
6. cot   tan  = 2   =2 sin (A  B) sin C c
sin  cos 
 cos2   sin2  = sin 2  cos 2 = sin 2 ….[ A + B + C = , A + B =  – C]
 
 tan 2 = tan  2 = n + 13. 2s = a + b + c = 16 + 24 + 20 = 60  s = 30
4 4
n  B s s  b  30  6 3
 =   cos =  =
2 8 2 ac 320 4
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 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
Alternate Method: 79. Since, a, b, c are in G.P.

0.14189  b2 = ac
14189  14 14175 21  logeb2 = logeac
= = =  logea  2 logeb + logec = 0
99900 99900 148
Given, (loge a)x2  (2 loge b) x + loge c = 0
74. Let  and  be the roots of equation Since, 1 satisfies this equation.
x2 – 18x + 9 = 0 Therefore, 1 is one root and other root say .
 G.M. of  and     9 = 3 [  = 9] log e c
 1. =
log e a
75. Let G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 be the G.M.’s are   = loga c
2
inserted between 486 and . So total terms x n 1  y n 1
3 80.  xy  xn+1 + yn+1 = xy (xn + yn)
are 7. xn  y n
tn = arn1 n
1
 1 1
 n 
1 1 1

2 1 x 2
 x2  y2   y 2  x2  y2 
   
 = 486(r)6  r =    
3 3 1
n
Hence, 4th G.M. will be, t5 = ar4 x 2 1
  =1  n = 
1  y 2
= 486 ( )4
3
81. a + d, a + 4d, a + 8d, are in G.P.
=6
 (a + 4d)2 = (a + d) (a + 8d)
76. Let a  d, a, a + d be three numbers in A.P.  8d2 = ad 
a
=8
 a + d + a + a  d = 15 d
a=5 a  4d
 common ratio =
a  d + 1, a + 4, a + d + 19 are in G.P. ad
 6  d, 9, 24 + d are in G.P. 84 4
= =
 81 = (6  d) (24 + d) 8 1 3
 81 = 144 + 6d  24d  d2
1 1
 d2 + 18d  63 = 0 82. Series, 2, 2 , 3 , …… are in H.P.
2 3
 d = 3, 21
1 2 3
 the numbers are 2, 5, 8 and 26, 5, 16  , , ,….. will be in A.P.
2 5 10
77. x, y, z are in G.P., then y2 = x.z 1
Now ax = by = cz = m Now, first term a = and
2
 x loge a = y loge b = z loge c = loge m 1
 x = loga m, y = logb m, z = logc m common difference d = 
10
y z So, 5th term of the A.P.
Again as x, y, z are in G.P., so =
x y 1  1 1
= + (5  1)    =
log b m log c m 2  10  10
 =
log a m log b m Hence, 5th term of the H.P. is 10.
 logb a = logc b 83. Here, 5th term of the corresponding
78. Let a1/x = b1/y = c1/z A.P. = a + 4d = 45 …..(i)
and 11th term of the corresponding
 a = k x, b = k y, c = kz
A.P. = a + 10d = 69 …..(ii)
Now, a, b, c are in G.P.
From (i) and (ii), we get a = 29, d = 4
 b2 = ac Therefore, 16th term of the corresponding A.P.
 k2y = kx.kz = kx+z = a + 15d = 29 + 15  4 = 89
 2y = x + z 1
 x, y, z are in A.P. Hence, 16th term of the H.P. is .
89
161
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

  2    
29. sin  3sin 1    = sin 3, 39. cot–1 x + cot–1 y =   tan 1 x  +   tan 1 y 
  5  2  2 

2  
Where  = sin–1   ....  tan –1 x  cot –1 x  
5  2
 2 2 =  – (tan–1 x + tan–1 y)
….   sin 1   , sin   
  5 5 4 
3 = =
= 3sin   4sin  5 5
3
2 2
= 3  – 4 
5 5 40. tan–1 ( 3 )  cot–1 (– 3 )
2 2 = tan–1 3 –    cot 1 3 
….[ = sin–1   , sin  = ]
5 5
= tan–1 3 + cot–1 3 –
6 32 118
= – =  
5 125 125 = –=–
2 2
30. cos–1 (cos12) – sin–1 (sin 14) = 12  14 = 2
1 2
3     
  1 2
31. tan –1
 tan  = tan
–1
 tan      41. tan –1
+ tan–1 = tan–1 2 11
 4    4  2 11 1 2
1 
2 11
 
= tan–1   tan  15 3
 4 = tan–1 = tan–1
20 4
 π 
= – tan–1  tan  =  42. tan–1 x – tan–1 y = tan–1 A
 4 4
 x y 
 tan–1  –1
 = tan A
32. If x = sec , then x 1 =
2
sec   1 = tan 
2
 1  xy 
1 x y
 cot–1 = cot–1 (cot ) =  = sec–1 x A=
x2  1 1  xy

33. cot 1   3  =   cot1  3  43.

3  8
sin–1   + sin–1  
 5 5  17 
= =
6 6 3 3 
2 2
 8  8
= sin–1  1     1   
34. cos–1 (–1) =   cos–1 1 =  – 0 =  5  17  17  5  

  1    1  …  sin 1 x + sin 1 y = sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 
35. sin   sin 1     = sin   sin 1   
3  2  3  2 
 3 15 8 4   77 
   = sin–1      = sin–1  
= sin    = sin = 1  5 17 17 5   85 
3 6 2
3 4
 5   5   44. cos–1 – sin–1 = cos–1 x
37. cos–1  cos  + sin–1 cos  = 5 5
 3   3 2
 3 16
  cos–1 – cos–1 1  = cos–1x
....  sin 1 x + cos 1 x =  5 25
 2
3 3
   cos–1 5 – cos–1 = cos–1 x
 1   1   5
38. cos cos 1    sin 1    = cos =0
  7   7  2  cos–1 x = 0  x = 1
221
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1
7. cos x – sin x =
Critical Thinking 2
1 1 Dividing both sides by 2 , we get
1. tan  + = 0  tan   
3 3 1 1 1
cosx – sin x =
 tan  = tan 30 2 2 2
 tan  = tan (180  30) and     
 cos   x  = cos  + x = 2n 
tan  = tan (360  30) 4  3 4 3
 tan  = tan 150 and tan  = tan 330   
  = 150 and 330  x = 2n + – = 2n +
3 4 12
2. cos  = 1  2x2   
or x = 2n – – = 2n –
3 4 12
 cos = 1 – 2 cos2 40 ….[ cos 40 = x]
= – (2 cos2 40 – 1) 8. 1 + cot  = cosec 
1 cos 
= – cos (2  40) = – cos80  =1+  sin  + cos  = 1
sin  sin 
 cos = cos(180 + 80) = cos260o
Dividing both sides by 2 , we get
and cos = cos (180 – 80) = cos100o
  
  = 100 and 260° sin  sin + cos  cos = cos
4 4 4
      
3. tan  = 3  tan    n   cos     = cos – = 2n 
3 3  4 4 4 4
For  <  < 0, 
  = 2n or  = 2n +
 2 4 2
Put n = 1, we get  =    
3 3 6
9. sin x  cos x = 2
1 2 1 1
4. cot + tan = 2 cosec  =  sin x. – cos x. =1
sin  cos  sin  2 2
1    
 cos = = cos     = 2n   cos  x   = – 1 = cos 
2 3 3  4

  x+ = 2n  
5. tan  + tan     = 2 4
2 
3 5
1  x = 2n + or 2n –
 tan  + = 2  tan2  – 2tan  + 1 = 0 4 4
tan 
   
 tan  = 1 = tan   = n + 10. cot  + cot     = 2
4 4 4 

1     
cos    
6. sin  = – = sin   = sin   cos   4  2
2 6  6  
sin   
1    sin    
tan = = tan   = tan   4 
3 6  6
    
  sin   2  = 2sin  sin    
  =   4  4 
 6
7      
Hence, general value of  is 2n + . = cos       – cos     
6  4   4 

222
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

       13. r sin  = 3,
 sin   2  = cos   – cos  2  
4   4   4 r = 4 (1 + sin )
Eliminating r, we get
    1 3
 sin   2   cos   2   = 4 + 4 sin 
4  4  2 sin 
 1 1  1 3
 cos 2 sin 2   sin = ,–
 2 2  2 2
1  3 
 1 1  1  sin = ....  sin   
+ cos 2 sin 2  = 2  2
 2 2  2
  5
  = , – = in [0, 2]
2 1 1  6 6 6
 cos 2 =  cos 2   cos  
2 2 2 3
14. 2sin2  – 3sin  – 2 = 0
  3  9  16 35 1
 2  2n     n   sin  = = = 2, –
3 6 4 4 2
1
1  sin  = – ….[|sin | 1]
11. sin2 x  2cos x + =0 2
4
  
1  sin  = sin  
 1  cos2 x  2cos x + =0  6 
4
   n+1  
Putting cos x = t, we get   = n + (1)n   = n + (1)  
1  6  6
1 – t2  2t + = 0  4t2 + 8t  5 = 0
4 15. 2cos2 x + 3 sinx – 3 = 0
1 5  2 – 2sin2 x + 3sin x – 3 = 0
 t= or t = –  (2 sinx – 1) (sin x – 1) = 0
2 2
1
5  sin x = or sin x = 1
Since, cos x  2
2
 5 
1   x= , , i.e., 30, 150, 90.
 cos x = = cos  x = 2n  6 6 2
2 3 3
16. 4 sin2 + 2( 3 +1) cos = 4 + 3
12. We have, sec  + tan  = 3 ….(i) 2
 4 – 4cos  + 2( 3 +1) cos = 4 + 3
1
 sec   tan  = ....(ii) 2
 4cos  – 2( 3 + 1) cos + 3 =0
3
2( 3  1)  4( 3  1) 2  16 3
2
….[ sec  – tan  = 1]2
 cos  =
8
By solving (i) and (ii), we get 3 1
1 1  1  cos = or
tan    3  2 2
2 
3 3  
  = 2n  or 2n 
 6 3
 tan  = tan  
6 3
17. sin (A + B) = 1 and cos (A – B) =
 2
   n 
6  
A+B= and A – B =
 7 2 6
 = and in [0, 2]
6 6  
A= ,B=
Hence, there are two solutions. 3 6
223
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
104. 225 = 32  52 = d (225) = 3  3 = 9 109. x, y, z are in G.P.
1125 = 32  53 = d (1125) = 3  4 = 12 Hence, y2 = xz
640 = 27  5 = d (640) = 8  2 = 16  2 log y = log x + log z
9, 12, 16 are in G.P  2 (log y + 1) = (1 + log x) + (1 + log z)
x y yz  1 + log x, 1 + log y, 1 + log z are in A.P.
105. If , y, are in H.P., then 1 1 1
2 2  , , are is H.P.
 x y yz 1  log x 1  log y 1  log z
2 . 
y= 
2 2  110. Since, b2, a2, c2 are in A.P.
x y yz
  a2  b2 = c2  a2
2 2
 (a  b) (a + b) = (c  a) (c + a)
2
( x  y )( y  z) 1 1 1 1
= 4   = 
1 bc ab ca bc
( x  2 y  z)
2 1 1 1
 , , are in A.P.
xy  xz  y 2  yz ab bc ca
y
x  2y  z  (a + b), (b + c), (c + a) are in H.P.
 xy + 2y2 +yz = xy + xz + y2 + yz 111. Given, a, b, c are in A.P.
 y2 = xz  2b = a + c  b  c = a  b
Thus, x, y, z will be in G.P. Also, a2, b2, c2 are in H.P.
106. (y  x), 2(y  a), (y  z) are in H.P. 1 1 1 1
  
1 1 1 b2 a 2 c2 b2
 , , are in A.P.
y  x 2( y  a) y  z a 2  b2 b2  c2
 2 2 =
1 1 1 1 a b b 2 c2
  =   (a  b) [c (a + b)  a2(b + c)] = 0
2
2( y  a) ( y  x) (y  z) 2( y  a)
y  x  2 y  2a 2 y  2a  y  z ….[ (b  c) = (a  b)]
 =  a = b or c2a + c2b  a2b  a2c = 0
yx yz
 c2a + c2b  a2b  a2c = 0
 x  y  2a y  z  2a
 =  ac(c  a) = b(a2  c2)
( y  x) ( y  z)
 ac = b(c + a)
( x  a)  ( y  a) ( y  a)  (z  a)
 =   ac = b.2b
( x  a)  ( y  a) ( y  a)  (z  a)
a
( x  a) ( y  a)  b2 =    c
 = 2
( y  a) (z  a)
a
 (x  a), (y  a), (z  a) are in G. P.   , b, c are in G.P.
2
107. x, l, z are in A.P., then 2 = x + z ......(i)
and 4 = xz ......(ii) 112. x + y + z = 15, if 9, x, y, z, a are in A.P.
Divide (ii) by (i), we get 5
Sum = 9 + 15 + a  (9  a)
x.z 4 2 xz 2
= or =4
xz 2 xz 5
 24 + a  (9  a)
Hence, x, 4, z will be in H.P. 2
108. Given, a, b, c are in G.P.  48 + 2a = 45 + 5a
 logx a, logx b logx c are in A.P.  3a = 3
log a log b log c a=1
 , , are in A.P. 1 1 1 5
log x log x log x and    , if 9, x, y, z, a are in H.P.
log x log x log x x y z 3
 , , are in H.P.
log a log b log c 1 5 1 5 1 1 
Sum = + + =  a=1
i.e., loga x, logb x, logc x are in H.P. 9 3 a 2  9 a 

164
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
28. Since the angles are in A.P., therefore B = 60 BC BC BC
cos sin cos
By sine rule, 33. 2 = 2 2
b sin B 3 3 A BC A
=  =  C = 45 sin sin sin
c sin C 2 2sin C 2 2 2
BC BC
 A = 180 – 60 – 45 = 75 2sin cos
= 2 2
29. B = 60, C = 75  A A
2sin    sin
A = 180 – 60 – 75 = 45 2 2 2
By sine rule, sin B  sin C bc
b a b 2 = =
=  = b= 6 sin A a
sin B sin A sin 60 sin 45o
o
36  100  (14) 2
34. cos =
30. Let the angles of the triangle be 2x, 3x and 7x. 2.6.10
 2x + 3x + 7x = 180o  12x = 180o  x = 15o   = 120  Obtuse angled triangle
 the angles are 30o, 45o and 105o 35. Since A, B and C are in A.P., therefore
 a: b: c = sin 30 : sin45 : sin 105   A  B  C  180o 
1 1 3 1 B = 60 ….  o
= : :   A  C  2B  B  60 
2 2 2 2 Since sides a, b and c are in G.P., therefore
= 2 : 2 : ( 3 + 1) b2 = ac
a 2  c2  b2
bc sin B  sin C cos B =
31. = 2ac
a sin A
1 a  c2  b2
2
BC BC  = , ….[ b2 = ac]
2sin cos 2 2b 2

= 2 2
A A  b2 = a2 + c2 – b2
2sin cos
2 2  a2 + c2 = 2b2
 BC  BC  a2, b2, c2 are in A.P.
sin   cos  
 2   2  36. A, B, C are in A. P. then angle B = 60,
=
 BC A  A  B  C  180o 
cos   cos …. 
 2  2 o
  A  C  2B  B  60 
BC
sin a 2  c2  b2
2  cos B = ,
= 2ac
A
cos 1 a 2  c2  b2
2  =  a2 + c2 – b2 = ac
A BC 2 2ac
 (b – c) cos = a sin  b2 = a2 + c2 – ac
2 2
cos A cos B cos C
1  cos C cos (A  B) 1  cos (A  B) cos (A  B) 37. + +
32. = a b c
1  cos (A  C) cos B 1  cos (A  C) cos (A  C)
b 2  c2  a 2  a 2  c2  b2  a 2  b2  c2
1 =
1 (cos 2A  cos 2B) 2abc
= 2
1 a b c
2 2 2

1 (cos 2A  cos 2C) =

2 2abc
1 38. We have, a : b : c = 1 : 3:2
1 (1  2sin 2 A  1  2sin 2 B)
= 2
1 i.e. a = , b = 3 , c = 2 
1 (1  2sin 2 A  1  2 sin 2 C)
2 3  4   2
2 2
6 2 3
cosA = = =
sin A  sin B
2
a b 2 2 2
2( 3 ) (2 ) 4 3 2
2
= = 2
sin A  sin C
2 2
a  c2  A = 30
225
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

Similarly, cos B =
1
 B = 60, s s  a  s  b s  c 
43. 
2 bc bc
cos C = 0  C = 90. A A 2A
Hence, A : B : C = 1 : 2 : 3 = cos2  sin2 = cos = cos A
2 2 2
C C C A 3b
39. (a2 + b2  2ab) cos2 + (a2 + b2 + 2ab) sin2 44. a cos2 + c cos2 =
2 2 2 2 2
 C C s(s  c) s(s  a) 3b
= (a2 + b2 )  cos 2  sin 2   a +c =
 2 2 ab bc 2
2
 C C  2s(s  c + s  a) = 3b
– 2ab  cos 2  sin 2   2s(b) = 3b2  2s = 3b  a + b + c = 3b
 2 2
 a + c = 2b  a, b, c are in A.P.
= a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
= a2 + b2  (a2 + b2  c2) = c2 C (s  a)(s  b)
45. tan = =1
2 s(s  c)
sin B b2  c2  a 2 b
40. cos A =  = C C
2sin C 2bc 2c  tan = tan 45o  = 45o
 b2 + c2 – a2 – b2 = 0  c2 = a2 2 2
 c = a  Triangle is isosceles  C = 90

A B (s  b)(s  c) (s  a)(s  c)
41. a = sin , b = cos  and c = 1  sin  cos  tan  tan 
2 2 = s(s  a) s(s  b)
46.
Since 1  sin  cos  is greater than sin and A
tan  tan
B (s  b)(s  c) (s  a)(s  c)

2 2 s(s  a) s(s  b)
cos .
 C is the greatest angle, (s  b) s(s  c)  (s  a) s(s  c)
=
a 2  b2  c2 (s  b) s(s  c)  (s  a) s(s  c)
 cos C =
2ab
s(s  c)(s  b  s  a) ab
sin   cos 2   (1  sin  cos )
2
= =
= s(s  c) (s  b  s  a) c
2sin  cos 
1 1 1 1
=  = cos 120 47. , , are in A. P.
2 A B C
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
 C = 120 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
A B A B  – = –
A B cos 2 cos 2  sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
C
sin 2
B
sin 2
B
sin 2
A
42. 1 – tan tan = 2 2 2 2
2 2 A B
cos cos ab ac
2 2  –
 A B  (s  a)(s  b) (s  a)(s  c)
cos   
 2 2 ac bc
= = –
A B (s  a)(s  c) (s  b)(s  c)
cos cos
2 2
a   b(s  c)  c(s  b) 
sin
C    
2  s  a   (s  b)(s  c) 
=
A B  a(s  b)  b(s  a) 
cos cos
2 2 =  c   
1/ 2  s  c   (s  a)(s  b) 
 (s  a)(s  b)bc.ac 
=   abs – abc – acs + abc = acs – abc – bcs + abc
 ab.s(s  a)s(s  b)   ab – ac = ac – bc  ab + bc = 2ac
c 2c 1 1 2
= =  + =  a,b,c are in H. P.
s abc c a b
226
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
AB  c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C
48. Let t = tan  
 2  1
 c2 = 25 + 16 – 40  = 36  c = 6
1 t 4 1 t
2
1 2 8
cos (A – B) =  = t=
1 t 2
5 1 t 2
3 
AB 1 51. Since sin–1 x cannot be greater than .
So, tan   = 2
 2  3 
ab C  sin–1 x = sin–1 y = sin–1 z =
AB 2
Then, tan   = cot
 2  ab 2 Therefore, x = y = z = 1
1 63 C Putting these values in the expression, we get
 = cot  C = 90
3 63 2 1+1+1–
9
=0
1 111
 = (6) (3) sin 90 = 9 square units.
2
2 2
49. Let the common multiple be x. 52. A = tan–1    tan A =
3 3
 the sides are (2x),  6x ,  
3 1 x 5
B = cosec–1    tan B =
3
  
3  1 x is the largest side. 3 4
1  tan A tan B
If  is the angle opposite to side  3  1 x , then cot (A + B) =
tan A  tan B

  6 x    3  1 x 
2 2 2 3 6
(2 x )2 1 
  3 4 12 6
cos   = = =
2  (2 x )  ( 6 x ) 2 3 17 17

3 4 12
3 3

2 6  1+ x 
53. sin2  2tan 1 
3 1  1  x 
 cos      75
2 2 1 x
= sin2 (2), where  = tan–1
50. We have, 1 x
2
 31   2 tan   1 x
1   =  , where tan  =
 AB 1  cos(A  B)  32   1  tan  
2
1 x
tan  = =
 2  1  cos(A  B)  31   2 1+ x 
2
1  
 32    4 1+ x 1  x 
 
=  1 x  = = 1 – x2
1  x +1+ x 
2
ab C 1 
1+  1+ x  
 cot =
ab 2 63   1  x  
1 C 1
 cot =   2 
9 2 63 54. The principal value of sin1 sin  
  3 
C 7
 tan =   2       
2 3 = sin–1 sin    –1
  = sin sin  3   = 3
C   3     
1  tan 2  
2 5 5
Now, cos C =
C 55. Let sin–1 = x  sin x =
1  tan 2   13 13
2
25 12
7  cosx = 1  =
1   169 13
9 1
 cos C = =
7 8  5  12  12
1    cos  sin 1  = cos  cos 1  =
9  13   13  13

227
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series
2 6 10 14 1  2  3  .......  n
127. Let S = 1 + + + + 4 + .... to  tn =
3 32 33 3 n
2 6 10 14 1
 (S  1) = + 2 + 3 + 4 + .... to  ....(i) n(n  1)
3 3 3 3 2 n 1
= =
1 2 6 10 n 2
 (S  1) = 2 + 3 + 4 + .... to  ....(ii)
3 3 3 3 n(n  1)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 132. Here tn =
2
2 2 4 4 4
(S  1) = + 2 + 3 + 4 + .... to  1 n(n  1)(n  2)
3 3 3 3 3  Sn =
2
 n 2  n  =
6
4
2 2 2 (2n  1)
 (S  1) = + 3 133. tn =
3 3 1 1 n(n  1)(2n  1)
3 6
2 2 2 6
 (S  1) =   S = 3 =
3 3 3 n(n  1)

128.
1 1 1 1
    ....  =
4 Sn = t  n

14 24 34 44 90 1 1 
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 
= 6
 n  n  1
 
 4
 4  4  ....  4  4  4  4  4  .... 
1 3 5 2 1 2 3 4 
 1 
4 = 6 1  
=  n  1 
90
6n
1 1 1 1 1 4 4 Sn =
     ....     n 1
14 34 54 7 4 16 90 90
1 1 1 1 12  22  ....  n 2
     ....   134. General term tn =
14 34 54 7 4 1  2  ....  n
4 1   4  n(n  1) (2n 1)
=   
90 16  90  6 1
 tn = = .(2n  1)
n(n  1) 3
15  4  4
=   = 2
16  90  96
2 1
129. The sequence can be written as log a,
 t n =
3
 n n
3
(2 log a – log b), (3 log a – 2 log b), …. which 2 n(n  1) 1
are in A.P. having common difference as = .  n
3 2 3
log a  log b. 1 1
n n
= n.(n  1)  n
n
3 3
130.  k (k  2) =  k2  2  k
k 1 k 1
n(n  2)
k 1
=
n(n  1)(2n  1) 2n(n  1) 3
= 
6 2 1.(1)  2.(2)  3.(3)  ...  n.(n)
n(n  1) 135. Mean, x =
=  2n  1  6 1  2  3  ...  n
6 n  n 1 2n 1
n(n  1)(2n  7) 6
= =
6 n  n 1
1 1 2 1 2  3 2
131. Given series + + + ……
1 2 3 2 n 1

So, nth term of series is given by 3
167
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

1   1 1 
64. cos 1   =   sec1x =     
cos  tan 1  tan 1  = cos  tan 1  3 2  
 x 1 1
70.
 x = sec   3 2   1  1  1 
  3 2  
 tan  = sec 2   1 –1
= cos {tan (1)}
= x2  1  1
= cos =
1  4 2
65. sin 1  cos 1 x 
5 2
4
1  71. Let  = cos1  
 sin–1 = – cos–1 x = sin–1 x 5
5 2
  3
 x=  cos  =    tan  =  
5 5
  4
3
1 1   = tan1  
66. sin–1 x + sin–1 + cos–1 x + cos–1 4
x x
4 3 3 3
 1  1   cos 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1
= {sin–1(x) + cos–1 (x)}+ sin 1    cos 1    5 5 4 5
  x  x   3 3 
      27 
= + = = tan–1  4 5  = tan–1  
2 2 1 3.3   11 
  4 5
67. sin–1 x + cos–1 x =
2 x 1 x 1 
72. tan–1 + tan–1 =
   3 x2 x2 4
 cos–1 x = – sin–1 x = – =
2 2 5 10  x 1 x 1 
   
68.  = sin–1 x + cos–1 x – tan–1 x =

– tan–1 x  tan–1  x  2 x  2  =
2 1   x  1  x  1   4
  x  2  
 x  2  
 
Since, – < tan–1 x <
2 2  2 x ( x  2)  
  x 2  4  4 x  x 2  1  = tan 4
   
 > – tan–1 x > –
2 2 2 x ( x  2)
 =1
 4x  5
0< – tan–1 x < 
2 5
 2x2 + 4x = 4x + 5  x = 
52 2
–1 2 –1 2
69. (tan x) + (cot x) =
8  1 
tan–1   – tan  cos   = x
–1
 (tan–1 x + cot–1 x)2 73.
 cos  
  5
2
– 2tan–1 x   tan 1 x  =  1 
2  8   cos  
 tan –1  cos   =x
2  52  cos  
 –2 tan–1 x + 2 (tan–1 x)2 =  1 
4 2 8  cos  
3 2
1  cos 
 2(tan–1 x)2 –  tan–1 x – =0  tan x =
8 2 cos 
 3 
 tan–1 x = – , 2sin 2
4 4 1  cos  2 = tan2   
 sin x = =  
 1  cos   2
 tan–1 x = –  x = –1 2cos 2
4 2
229
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
ax ax   x 1   1 1 
74. tan–1 + tan–1 =  yc  c c 
a a 6
= tan 
–1 1  + tan  1
–1 2 

 ax ax  1 x . 1  1 1 

 a  a   
 y c1 


 c1c2 
 tan–1  =
1 a  x  a  x  6  1 1 
 a a  c c  1
+ tan  2
–1 3 
+ ….+ tan–1
2a 2  1 1 1  cn
 = tan =  x2 = 2 3 a2  c c 
x 2
6 3  2 3 

x 1 1 1

 a  1  b 
= tan–1   – tan–1   + tan–1   – tan1  c 
75. tan1   y  c1   c1   2
 + tan  
bc ca 1
1  1 
 ac  bc  a 2  b2  + tan–1   – tan–1  c  + ….+ tan–1  
= tan1   c2   3   cn 1 

 ac  bc  c
2
 1 1
  x  y  – tan–1  c  + tan–1  c 
 n  n
….  tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1  
  1  xy   x
= tan–1  
= tan1 (1) ….[ c2 = a2 + b2]  y
  d  –1  d 
= 79. tan–1   + tan  
4  1  a 1a 2   1  a 2a 3 
3 3 8  d 
76. tan–1 + tan–1 – tan–1 + ……..+ tan–1  
4 5 19  1  a n 1a n 
 3 3   a a   a a 
  = tan–1  2 1  + tan–1  3 2 
–1  4 5 – tan–1 
= tan    1  a 1a 2   1  a 2a 3 
1   3 
3 19
 a  a n 1 
 4 5 + …....+ tan–1  n 
 1  a n 1a n 
 27 8 
 = (tan–1 a2 – tan–1 a1) + (tan–1 a3 – tan–1 a2)
–1 27 –1 8 –1  11 19 
= tan – tan = tan   +…….+ (tan–1 an – tan–1 an–1)
11 19 1  27  8   
 11 19  = tan–1 an – tan–1 a1 = tan–1  a n  a1 
 1  a n a1 
–1  425  –1 
= tan   = tan (1) =  (n  1)d 
 425  4 = tan–1  
 1  a 1a n 
 xy   yz   xz   1 
77. tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   80. tan  2 tan 1    
 zr   xr   yr    5 4
 xy yz xz xyz   2 
    3   1 5 
 zr xr yr r  = tan–1 () = 
1
= tan–1 = tan  tan  tan (1) 
 1
 x2  y2  z2   2  1 
 1  2    25 
  r  
 5 
= tan  tan 1  tan 1 (1) 
c x y  c2  c1   12 
78. tan–1  1  + tan
–1
 
   5 
c
 1 y x   1  c 2 c1   1  12  1   7
 c c  1 = tan  tan   = –
+ tan–1  3 2  + …. + tan–1   1  5  17
 1  c3 c 2  cn   12  

230
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

  1   1   1   1   
3
 1
81. sin 3sin 1    = sin sin 3    4      1 
  5     5   5    1 5  + cot–1 3
87. sin–1 + cot–1 3 = cot–1 
5  1 
 3 4   1  75  4   
= sin sin 1     = sin sin  125    5 
  5 125     
= cot–1(2) + cot–1(3)
 71  71
= sin sin 1 =  2  3 1


125  125 = cot–1  
 3 2 
  7    7  7 
82. cot cos 1     cot  cot 1    = = cot–1 (1) =
  25     24   24 4
 x  88. On expanding determinant,
....  cos 1 x = cot-1 
1  x2  cos2 (A + B) + sin2 (A + B) + cos 2B = 0

 1 + cos2B = 0  cos2B = cos
83. Let sin1x =   x = sin  
1 1  2B = 2n +   B = (2n + 1) , n  Z.
cos  2sin 1 x    cos 2 = 2
9 9
1 1 Competitive Thinking
 1  2sin2 =  1 – 2x2 =
9 9 1. tan2 x = 1
1 8 4  
 2x2 = 1 – =  x2 =  tan2 x = tan2  x = n 
9 9 9 4 4
2 2. No solution as | sin x |  1, |cos x | 1 and both
x=
3 of them do not attain their maximum value for
  1  the same angle.
84. sin  2 tan 1    + cos [tan–1 (2 2 )]
  3  3. cot  + tan  = 2
 2/3  1
= sin  tan 1  + cos [tan–1 (2 2 )]  + tan  = 2  1 + tan2  = 2 tan 
 11 / 9  tan 
3 2 tan 
= sin [ tan–1 ] + cos [tan–1 2 2 ]  = 1  sin 2 = 1
4 1  tan 2 
  
  3     2 = n + (1)n
   1  2
 1  4 
= sin sin  cos  cos 1 n 
2  2 


 3
1   


 
1 2 2  

=
2
 (1)n
4
4 
3 1 14 4. tan 2 = 1
= + = The value of tan  is positive if  is in 1st and
5 3 15
3rd quadrant.
 3   Option (B) is the correct answer.
85. Given, tan–1 x = sin–1  
 10 
 3
  3  5. The given equation is defined for x  , .
 x = tan sin 1  –1 2 2
  = tan {tan 3}
  10   Now, sec x cos 5x + 1 = 0
x=3  sec x cos 5x = 1
 1 4   cos 5x =  cos x
86. tan  cos 1  sin 1   cos 5x + cos x = 0
 5 2 17 
 2 cos 3x.cos 2x = 0
= tan (tan–1 7 – tan–1 4)  cos 3x = 0 or cos 2x = 0
  7  4  3  
= tan  tan 1   =  3x = (2n  1) or 2x = (2n  1)
  1  28   29 2 2
231
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
152. (1 + 2) + (1 + 2 + 22) + .... upto n terms 155. A = 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + … + 2.202
 Tn = 1 + 2 + 22 + .... + 2n = (12 + 22 + 32 + … + 202)
1(2n 1 1) + (22 + 42 + … + 202)
 Tn = = 2n+1  1
2 1 = (12 + 22 + 32 + … + 202)
 Sn =  T   (2
n
n 1
 1)
+ 4 (12 + 22 + … + 102)
 Sn =  2   1
n 1
20  21  41 10  11  21 
= + 4  
= 22 + 23 + 24 + .... + 2n  (n) 6  6 

= 2n+2  4  n = 2870 + 4(385)

= 4410
11 1 1 1 1  1 1 1  B = 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + … + 2.402
153. S =             .... = (12 + 22 + 32 + … + 402)
2  2 3  4  22 32  6  23 33 
1 1 1 1 1 1  + (22 + 42 + … + 402)
=    2   3  ... 
2 2 2 2 3 2  = (12 + 22 + 32 + … + 402)
1 1 1 1 1 1  + 4(12 + 22 + … + 202)
    2   3  .... 
2 3 2 3 3 3  40  41  81 20  21  41 
= + 4  
6  6 
1 1 1  1  1 1  
2 3

=         ... = 22140 + 4(2870)

2  2 2  2  3  2  
= 33620
1  1 1  1  2 1  1 3  B – 2A = 33620 – 2(4410) = 24800
         ....
2  100  = 24800   = 248
 3 2  3  3  3  
1  1 1  1 156. Since, sin , cos  and tan  are in G.P.
= log 1    log 1  
2  2 2  3
cos  tan  sin 
  
1  3 4 sin  cos  cos 2 
=
2 log 2  log 3 
 
 cos3  = sin2  .…(i)
1 3 4
= log   
2 2 3 cos 6  cos 2 
 cot6   cot2  = 
1 sin 6  sin 2 
= log 2
2 cos 6  cos 2 
=  .…[From (i)]
154. Let, S = 2 + 7 + 14 + 23 +34 +.….+ tn + cos9  cos3 
…..(i) 1 1 1  cos 2  sin 2 
=  = =
and S = 2 +7 + 14 + ……+ tn1 + tn + cos  cos 
3
cos 
3
cos3 
.…(ii)
=1 .…[From (i)]
From (i) and (ii), we get
0 = 2 + [5 + 7 + 9 + 11 ….. + tn  tn1] – tn
157. Let 1  cos  = x
 n 1 
 tn = 2 +  {2  5  (n  2) 2}  the given series = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + .... 
 2 
= (1  x)2
 tn = 2 + (n  1)(n + 3)
= (1  1 + cos )2 = sec2 
Now,
put n = 99 3 5  3
= 1 + tan2  = 1 + = ....  tan   
 t99 = 2 + 98  102 = 9998 2 2  2

170
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
16. (1 + tan ) (1 + tan 4) = 2   
 2 sin2 – 2 sin2 cos =0
 1 + tan  + tan 4 + tan .tan 4 = 2 2 2 2
 tan  + tan 4 = 1  tan .tan 4   
tan   tan 4  2 sin2  1  cos  = 0
 =1 2  2
1  tan .tan 4
  2 
 tan ( + 4) = 1  2 sin2  2sin  = 0
2  4
 tan 5 = 1
 
      2 sin 2  0 or 2sin 2  0
 5 = ….     0,   2 4
4   16    
  sin = 0 or sin  0
 = 2 4
20  
  k or  k
3 2 4
17. cos x + cos y =
2   = 2k or  = 4k, k  I
x y  x y 3  option (B) is the correct answer.
 2 cos   cos  =
 2   2  2 21. sin 5x = cos 2x
  x y 3  
 2 cos cos  =  sin 5x = sin   2 x 
3  2  2 2 
 2
….  x  y   given   
 5x = n + (–1)n   2 x 
 3  2 
 x y 3 
 cos   = , which is not possible  5x + (–1)n 2x = [2n + (–1)n]
 2  2 2
 3  
….   1  x [5 + 2 (–1)n] = [2n + (–1)n]
2
 2 
Hence, the system of equations has no solution.  2n    1n  
x=  
 5  2   1  2
2x 2x n
18. 81sin  81cos ….(i)  30

Check by options, put x = in (i), 22. tan 5 = cot 2
6
 
sin 2

cos 2

 tan 5 = tan   2 
81 6
 81 6
 30 2 
1 3
  81   81 = 30  30 = 30 
4 4
 5 = n +  2
2
 option (A) is the correct answer.

19. 4 sin4 x + cos4 x = 1  7 = n +
2
 4 sin4 x = 1 – cos4 x
n 
 4 sin4 x = (1  cos2 x) (1 + cos2 x) = +
 4 sin4 x – (sin2 x) (1 + 1 – sin2 x) = 0 7 14
 sin2 x [4 sin2 x  2 + sin2 x] = 0  
 sin2 x (5 sin2x  2) = 0 23. tan  =  1  tan  = tan  2  
 4
2
 sin x = 0 or sin x =  1  
5 and cos    cos   cos  2  
2  4
Hence x = n is the required answer.
  7
  general value is 2n   2    2n 
20. 1  cos  = sin .sin  4 4
2
     If tan   tan  and cos   cos  
 2sin 2  2sin .cos .sin ….  
2 2 2 2    2n   
233
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

1   
24. tan  =  = tan     ,  2 = n + 
3  6 2
 
1   3 = n +
sin  = = sin     2
2  6
nπ π  1π
3   = + = n + 
and cos  =  = cos     3 6  23
2  6
 5 29. cos 2 = sin
 principal value of  =  – =  
6 6  cos 2 = cos    
2 
25. cos p = cos q  p = 2n  q
 
2n  2 = 2n     
  2 
pq
   
  = n    
26. (2 cos x  1) (3 + 2 cos x) = 0  4 2 
1  3  30. sin 6 + sin 4 + sin 2 = 0
 cos x  ....  cos x  
2  2  sin 6 + sin 2 + sin 4 = 0
  2 sin 4 cos 2 + sin 4 = 0
 x = 2n 
3  sin 4 (2 cos 2 + 1) = 0
 5  sin 4 = 0 or 2 cos 2 + 1 = 0
x = , in [0, 2] 1
3 3  4 = n or cos 2 =
2
    n 
27. sin  cot   = cos  tan   = or cos 2 = – cos
4  4  4 3
      
 sin  cot   = sin   tan   cos 2 = cos    
4  2 4   3
   2
 cot  =  tan  cos 2 = cos
4 2 4 3
2
 tan  + cot  = 2 2 = 2n 
sin  cos  3
  2 
cos  sin   = n 
3
1
 =2 31. sin 5x + sin 3x + sin x = 0
sin  cos 
   sin 3x = sin 5x + sin x = 2 sin 3x cos 2x
 sin 2 = 1 = sin  sin 3x = 0  x = 0
2
1   
 or cos 2x =    cos    cos    
 2 = (4n + 1) 2 3  3
2
   
 2x = 2n       x  n   
  = n +  3 3
4
  
28. tan 2 tan  = 1 x= ....  0  x  
3  2
tan 2
 =1 32. sin x + sin 3x + sin 5x = 0
cot 
 sin 5x + sin x + sin 3x = 0
 tan 2 = cot   2 sin 3x cos 2x + sin 3x = 0
   sin 3x (2 cos 2x + 1) = 0
 tan 2 = tan    
2   sin 3x = 0 or 2 cos 2x = –1
234
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
1   1 
 3x = n or cos 2x =  sin     = = sin
2  4 2 4
n 
 x= or cos 2x = – cos ….[ sin (A+B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B]
3 3
 
cos 2x = cos    
  + = n + (–1)n
3 4 4

 
2   = n + (–1)n –
cos 2x = cos 4 4
3
2 2 sin 
2x = 2n  36. 2 sec + tan = 1  + =1
3
cos  cos 

x = n   sin  – cos  = – 2
3
1 1
2 4    3    cos  – sin = 1
 x = , , …  x   ,  2 2
3 3   2 2 
 
33. sin x – sin 2x + sin 3x = 2 cos2 x – cos x  cos     = cos (0)
 4
 sin x + sin 3x – sin 2x = cos x (2 cos x – 1)
 2 sin 2x cos x – sin 2x = cos x (2 cos x – 1)  
+ = 2n  0   = 2n –
 sin 2x (2 cos x – 1) = cos x (2 cos x – 1) 4 4
 2 sin x cos x = cos x or 2 cos x – 1 = 0
37. 3 cos  + sin  = 2
1 1
 sin x = or cos x = 0 or cos x =
 3
2
2 2 Dividing both sides by  12 = 2,
 
 sin x = sin or cos x = 0 or cos x = cos we get
6 3
  3 1 2
 x = n + (–1)n or x = (2n + 1) cos   sin  
6 2 2 2 2
   1
or x = 2n   sin  cos + cos  sin =
3 3 3 2
   5   
x= , , , …[ x  (0, )]  sin      sin  
6 3 2 6  3 4
1  
34. sin x cos x = + = n + (– 1)n
4 3 4
1   
 sin 2x = = sin    n  ( 1) n 
2 6 4 3
 38. sin 6 + sin 4 + sin 2 = 0
 2x = n + (1)n
6  2sin 4 cos 2 + sin 4 = 0
n   sin 4 (2 cos 2 + 1) = 0
x=  (1) n
2 12  sin 4 = 0 or 2 cos 2 + 1 = 0
     n
x= ....  x   0,  
12   2  Now, sin4 = 0  4 = n   =
4
35. sin + cos = 1 1  2 
and 2 cos 2 = –1  cos 2 = – = cos  
Dividing both sides by 1  1 = 2 2
2 , we get 2  3 
1
sin  
1
cos  
1 2 
 2 = 2n    = n 
2 2 2 3 3
  1 n 
 sin  cos + cos  sin =  = or n 
4 4 2 4 3
235
 Chapter 04: Sequence and Series

x 1 x  2 x  a 10. Let the first installment be a and common

8. x2 x3 xb difference of A.P. be d.
x3 x4 xc Given, 3600 = sum of 40 terms
40
Applying C1  C1  C2, = [2a + (40  1)d]
2
1 x  2 x  a
 3600 = 20(2a + 39d)
= 1 x  3 x  b
 180 = 2a + 39d ….(i)
1 x  4 x  c
After 30 installments one third of the debt is
1 x2 xa unpaid
= (1) 1 x  3 x  b 3600
 = 1200 is unpaid and 2400 is paid.
1 x4 xc 3
Applying R2  R2  R1, R3  R3  R1, 30
Now, 2400 = [2a + (30  1)d]
2
1 x2 xa
= (1) 0 1 ba  160 = 2a + 29d ….(ii)
0 2 ca Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 20 = 10d
 d=2
= (1) (c + a  2b) = 0
From (i), 180 = 2a + 39(2)
….[ a, b, c are in A.P.  2b = a + c]  2a = 180  78 = 102
 a = 51
1.3 1.3.5
9. Let S = 1 +   ....  value of the 8th installment
6 6.8
= a + (8  1) d = 51 + 7(2) = ` 65
S 1 1.3 1.3.5
     ....
4 4 4.6 4.6.8
1
Multiplying on both sides by , we get
2
S 1 1.3 1.3.5
   + .... 
8 2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8
1 S 1  1 1.3 1.3.5 
       ...... 
2 8 2  2.4 2.4.6 2.4.6.8 
1 S 1 1 1 1 1.3 1 1.3.5
    .  .  .  ....
2 8 2 2 4 2 4.6 2 4.6.8
1  1  1  1  1 
1 1  2
1 S 1 2  2  2  2  2 
  1  
2 8 2 1.2 1.2.3
11  1 1 
  1   2    3 
2 2   2  2   ….
+
1.2.3.4
1 S 1
  = 11 2 = 0
2 8
S 1
  S=4
8 2

173
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
 cos  = 0 or cos 5 = 0 Since,   < x < 
    3
  = (2n + 1) or 5 = (2n + 1)  x   , ,
2 2 4 2 4
 n   option (B) is the correct answer.
  = n + or  = +
2 5 10
47. sin 2x + sin 4x = 2 sin 3x 51. tan (cot x) = cot (tan x)
 2 sin 3x cos x  2 sin 3x = 0  
 tan (cot x) = tan   tan x 
 sin 3x = 0 or cos x = 1 3x = n or x = 2n  2 
n 
x= or x = 2n  cot x = n + – tan x
3 2
48. a sin x + b cos x = c 
a b c  cot x + tan x = n +
 sin x  cos x  2
a b
2 2
a b
2 2
a  b2
2
cos x sin x 
c  + = n +
 cos  sin x + sin  cos x = sin x cos x 2
a  b2
2
2  cos 2 x  sin 2 x  
c  = n +
 sin ( x  )   1 , which is not 2sin x cos x 2
a  b2
2

possible. 2 
 = n +
 there is no solution. sin 2 x 2
 p   q  2 4
49. tan   = cot    sin 2x = =
 (2n  1)
 4   4  n 
2
 p    q 
 tan   = tan   
 4  2 4  52. Let 3 + 1 = r cos  and 3 – 1 = r sin .
p  q
 = n + 
   
2 2
4 2 4 Then r = 3 1  3 1 =2 2
p 1 q
 =n+ –  1 
4 2 4 1  
pq 2n  1 3 1  3  
 = tan = = = tan   
4 2 3 1  1  4 6
1  
 p + q = 2(2n + 1)  3
50. 2sin2 x + sin2 2x = 2 
=
 (1  cos 2x) + (1  cos2 2x) = 2 12
….[sin2  + cos2  = 1 and 2sin2  = 1  cos 2] The given equation reduces to
 cos 2x (cos 2x + 1) = 0 2 2 cos ( – ) = 2
 cos 2x = 0 or cos 2x =  1   
  cos     = cos
 2x = (2n + 1) or (2n + 1)   12  4
2
   
  – = 2n    = 2n  +
 x  (2n  1) or (2n  1) 12 4 4 12
4 2
Putting n =  2,  1, 0, 1, 2, we get 4
3   3 5 53. sec   cosec  =
x , , , , 3
4 4 4 4 4
3   3 5  3(sin  – cos ) = 4 sin  cos 
and , , , ,
2 2 2 2 2  3(sin  – cos ) = 2 sin 2
237
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Squaring on both sides, we get 9(1 – s) = 4s2, 1 
Let sin–1 = , 0 <  < are the solutions
where s = sin2 3 2
 4s2 + 9s – 9 = 0 in [0, 5]. Then, ,  – , 2 + , 3 – ,
3 4 + , 5 –  are the solutions in [0, 5].
 (s + 3) (4s – 3) = 0  s =  number of solutions = 6
4
….[ sin 2  –3] 57. sin 2x + cos 2x = 0
 (sin 2x + cos 2x)2 = 0
3
 sin2 = = sin   sin2 2x + cos2 2x + 2 sin 2x cos 2x = 0
4
 1 + sin 4x = 0  sin 4x = 1
 2 = n + (–1)n 
  
1   3   4x = n + (1)n  
=  n  ( 1) n sin 1     2 
2   4 

 4x = n + (1)n+1
1 1  tan 2  2
54. Using sec 2 = = , we can
cos 2 1  tan 2  n 
 x=  (1)n 1
write the given equation as 4 8
1  tan 2  11 15
tan2 + =1  For  < x < 2, the values of x are , .
1  tan 2  8 8
 tan2  (1 – tan2) + 1 + tan2  = 1 – tan2 
58. 2sin2 = 3cos
 3tan2  – tan4  = 0
 2 – 2cos2  = 3 cos
 tan2  (3 – tan2 ) = 0
 2cos2  + 3 cos  – 2 = 0
 tan  = 0 or tan2  = 3
3  9  16 3  5
  cos  = =
 tan  = 0 or tan2  = tan2 4 4
3
Neglecting (–) sign, we get

  = m or  = n  , 1  
3 cos  = = cos     = 2n 
2 3 3
where m and n are integers.
 5
The values of  between 0 and 2 are , .
55. 2 3 cos  = tan  3 3
 2 3 cos2  = sin 

2
 2 3 sin  + sin  – 2 3 = 0 59. 5 cos2 + 2cos2 +1=0
2
1  7 8  5(2 cos2  – 1) + (1 + cos ) + 1 = 0
 sin  =  sin  = ,
4 3 4 3  10 cos2  + cos – 3 = 0
which is not possible  (5 cos + 3) (2 cos – 1) = 0
6 3  1 3
and sin  = = = sin  cos  = , cos = –
4 3 2 3 2 5
  3
  = n + (–1)n   = ,  – cos–1  
3 3 5
56. 3 sin2 x – 7 sin x + 2 = 0 60. 2sin2 + 3 cos  + 1 = 0
 3sin2 x – 6 sin x – sin x + 2 = 0
 2 – 2cos2  + 3 cos  + 1 = 0
 3sin x (sin x – 2) – (sin x – 2) = 0 2
 (3 sin x – 1) (sin x – 2) = 0  2 cos  – 3 cos  – 3 = 0
1 3  3  24 3(1  3)  1
 sin x = or 2  cos = = = 3  
3 4 4  2
1 5
 sin x = ….[ sin x  2] =
3 6
238
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
61. 3sin2 x + 10 cos x  6 = 0 1 1
 cos  = or 2 cos =
 3 (1  cos2 x) + 10 cos x  6 = 0 2 2
 3 – 3 cos2 x + 10 cos x – 6 = 0 1 1
 3 cos2 x – 10 cos x + 3 = 0  cos  = or cos  =
2 2
 3 cos2 x – 9 cos x – cos x + 3 = 0
1  1
 3 cos x (cos x – 3) – 1 (cos x – 3) = 0  cos  = ….  cos   
 (cos x  3) (3 cos x 1) = 0 2  2
 cos x = 3, (which is not possible) 
 cos  = cos
1 4
or cos x = 
3   = 2n 
1 4
 cos x = = cos  (say) 1
3 64. cos 2 =
 x = 2n   3
1 1  tan 2  1
 x = 2n  cos1    =
3 1  tan 
2
3
 3 – 3 tan2  = 1 + tan2   2 = 4 tan2 
62. cos2 x – 2 cos x = 4 sin x – sin 2x 1
 cos2 x – 2 cos x = 4 sin x – 2 sin x cos x  tan2  =
2
 cos x (cos x – 2) = 2 sin x (2 – cos x) 1
 cos x(cos x – 2) – 2 sin x (2 – cos x) = 0  tan8  =
16
 cos x(cos x – 2) + 2 sin x (cos x – 2) = 0 Now, 32 tan8  = 2 cos2   3 cos 
 (cos x – 2)(cos x + 2 sin x) = 0  1
 cos x + 2 sin x = 0 ….[ cos x ≠ 2]  32   = 2 cos2  – 3 cos 
 16 
 cos x = – 2 sin x  2 cos2  – 3 cos  – 2 = 0
1  (2 cos  + 1)(cos  – 2) = 0
 tan x =  = tan  (say)
2 But cos  – 2 ≠ 0
 x = n +   2 cos  + 1 = 0
 1 1
 x = n + tan 1    , n  I  cos  = 
 2 2
2
Since, 0 ≤ x ≤   cos  = cos
3
 1
 x =  + tan 1    2
 2   = 2n ±
3
 1  65. cos 2 = sin   1  2 sin2 = sin 
63. cos 2 = ( 2  1)  cos   
 2  2 sin2 + sin   1 = 0
 (2 sin   1) (sin  + 1) = 0
2 1 1
 2 cos2  1 = ( 2 cos  1)  sin  = or sin  = 1
2 2
2 1 1  
 2 cos2  – 1 – ( 2 cos  – 1) = 0  sin  = = sin   = n + (1)n
2 2 6 6
  2  1   3

 ( 2 cos  1)  2 cos   1      = 0 and sin  = 1 = sin
2

  2  
3
2 1   = m + (1)m
 2 cos  – 1 = 0 or 2 cos  + 1 = 2
2  5 3
2 1 2  = , ,
 2 cos  = 1 or 2 cos  = 6 6 2
2  number of solutions = 3
239
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
66. tan  = cot 5       
 cos  x   cos  x    cos  x  
 tan  – cot 5 = 0  6   6  6
sin  cos 5
 – =0 
cos  sin 5 2cos  = 0
6
 cos 5 cos  – sin 5 sin  = 0
 cos (5 + ) = 0     
 cos  x   2cos x cos  2cos  = 0
  6  6 6
 cos 6 = 0 = cos
2   
 2 cos  x   cos (cos x – 1) = 0
  6 6
 6 = 2n 
2  
 3 5  cos  x   (cos x – 1) = 0
 6 = ± , ± ,  6
2 2 2 

  5  cos  x   = 0 or cos x = 1
=± ,± ,  6
12 4 12
 
and sin 2 = cos 4 x+ = (2n + 1) or x = 2n
6 2
 sin 2 = 1 – 2 sin2 2
 
 2 sin2 2 + sin 2 – 1 = 0 x+ = ± or x = 0
 (2 sin 2 – 1)(sin 2 + 1) = 0 6 2
1  2 
 sin 2 = or sin 2 = –1 x= , ,0
2 3 3
      
 sin 2 = sin   or sin 2 = – 1  x = 0, ….  x    ,  
3   2 2 
6
   number of solutions = 2.
 2 = n + (– 1)n or 2 = (4n – 1)
6 2      1
68. 8 cos x cos   x   cos   x    = 1
 5   6  6  2
 2 = , or 2 = –
6 6 2   1
 5   8 cos x  cos 2  sin 2 x   = 1
= , or  = –  6 2
12 12 4
3 1
  5  8 cos x   sin 2 x   = 1
 the common values of  are – , and . 4 2
4 12 12
1 
Hence, there are 3 values of  satisfying the  
 8 cos x   1  cos 2 x  = 1
4 
given equation.
3
 2 (4 cos x – 3 cos x) = 1
      2 cos 3x = 1
67. cos2  x   + cos2 x – 2cos  x   cos  
 6  6 6 1
 cos 3x =
 2
= sin2
6 
 cos 3x = cos
    3
 cos2  x   +  cos 2 x – sin 2  2n  
 6  6 x= 
 3 9
 
– 2cos  x   cos   = 0  5 7 
 6 6 x= , , …[ x  [0, ]]
9 9 9
       5 7  13
 cos2  x   + cos  x   cos  x   Sum = + + =
 6  6  6 9 9 9 9
   13
– 2 cos  x   cos = 0 k=
 6 6 9
240
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
4 5x 3x 5x x
69. sec2  =  2cos  cos  2cos  cos = 0
3 2 2 2 2
2
3  3 5x  3x x
 cos    
2
  cos  cos  cos  = 0
4  2  2  2 2
5x x
  cos .2cos x .cos = 0
 cos2   cos 2   2 2
6  
  x = (2n + 1) , (2k + 1) or (2m + 1) 
   n  5 2
6  3 7 9  3
….[ cos2  = cos2    = n  ]  x = , , , , , , in 0  x < 2
5 5 5 5 2 2
70. cot  = sin 2, (  n) 73. Let the angles of the triangle be x, 2x and 3x.
cos  Then, x + 2x + 3x = 180  x = 30
 = 2 sin  cos   angles of the triangle are 30, 60 and 90.
sin 
 a : b : c = sin30: sin60 : sin90
 2 sin2  cos  = cos  1 3
 cos  (2 sin2  – 1) = 0 = : :1=1: 3 :2
2 2
1
 cos  = 0 or sin2  = 74. Let x be the common multiple.
2  A + B + C = 12x = 180  x = 15
  A = 45, B = 75, C = 60
 cos  = 0 or sin2  = sin2  
4 a b c
  k
  sin 45 o
sin 75 o
sin 60o
  = (2n + 1) or  = n 
2 4 1 3 1 3
  = 90 and 45  a= k, b  k, c  k
2 2 2 2
  at θ = 90° and 45, 
…  33 3
 the given equation is satisfied.   a+b+ c 2  3b
2 2
 75. Let the angles of the triangle be 4x, x and x.
71. We have, x – y = ….(i)  4x + x + x = 180  6x = 180  x = 30
4
and cot x + cot y = 2 sin120o sin 30o sin 30o
 
1 1 a b c
  2 ….(ii)
tan x tan y  a : (a + b + c)
From (i) and (ii), we get = (sin 120) : (sin 120 + sin 30 + sin 30)
1 1 3 32
 2 = :  3: 32
   tan y 2 2
tan  y  
 4 cos A cos B cos C
76. Given, = = ….(i)
 (1 – tan y) tan y + 1 + tan y a b c
= 2tan y (1 + tan y) By Sine rule,
 3 tan2 y = 1 sin A sin B sin C
1 
  ….(ii)
 tan2 y = = tan 2 a b c
3 6 From (i) and (ii), we get
 cos A cos B cos C
y= ….[smallest +ve value]  = =
6 sin A sin B sin C
From (i),  cot A = cot B = cot C
   5  A = B = C = 60
x= +y= + =
4 4 6 12  ABC is equilateral.
72. cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + cos 4x = 0 3 2 3
 = a = (2) 2 = 3
 cos x + cos 4x + cos 2x + cos 3x = 0 4 4
241
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
77. sin2 A + sin2 B = sin2 C sin A sin B sin C
81.  
 a b c
 sin C = 1  C = A
2 According to the given condition,
a b c 10 In  ABC, a = 2b and
b
 
sin A sin B sin C A  B = 60  A = 60 + B
a b 10 C B sin(60  B) sin B
   a  
sin A sin B 1 2b b
 a = 10sin A, b = 10sin B sin B 1
 =
1 1 sin(B  60) 2
A(ABC) = ab = (10 sin A) (10 sin B)
2 2  2 sin B = sin B cos 60 + cos B sin 60
1
=  100  sin A  sin B 3 3
2  sin B = cos B
2 2
1
Maximum value of sin A sin B = 1
2  tan B =  B = 30
3
1 1
 A (ABC) =  100   A = 30 + 60 = 90
2 2
= 25 sq. units  ABC is right angled.
ab cos 2A cos 2B
78. sin A sin B = 2 82. 
c a2 b2
(k sin A) (k sin B) 1  2sin 2 A 1  2sin 2 B
 sin A sin B = = 
k 2 sin 2 C a2 b2
 sin2 C = 1  sin C = 1 ….[ sin C  1] 1 1 2sin 2 A 2sin 2 B
= 2 2  +
 C = 90 a b a2 b2
 ABC is right angled. 1 1  sin 2 A sin 2 B 
= 2  2  2  
79. According to the given condition, a b  a
2
b2 
6(sin A  sin B  sin C)
a+b+c= 1 1  a b 
3 =  ….  By sine rule,  .
 k (sin A + sin B + sin C) = 2 (sin A + sin B a 2 b2  sin A sin B 
+ sin C)
a b c 32  52  7 2
where k = = = 83. cos C =
sin A sin B sin C 2  3 5
k=2 ….[ sin A + sin B + sin C  0] 1
 cos C = 
1 2
a
 = 2  sin A = .…[ a  1 ]  C = 120
sin A 2
 option (B) is the correct answer.

A=
6 sin B 2(c 2  b 2  a 2 ) b
84. 2 cos A =  
ac sin A  sin C sin C 2bc c
80. =
b sin B  c2 = a2  c = a
AC AC c2  a 2  b2 1 
2sin   cos   85. cos B =  cos B   B 
=  2   2  2ac 2 3
sin B
86. (a + b + c) (a – b + c) = 3ac
2sin B AC  a2 + 2ac + c2 – b2 = 3ac
= cos   ….[ 2B = A + C]
sin B  2   a2 + c2  b2 = ac
AC a 2  c2  b2 1
= 2 cos   But cos B    B  60o
 2  2ac 2
242
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
6 6 6. The sum 2 can be found in one way i.e.,
42. Required probability = = {(1, 1)}
6  5 11
The sum 8 can be found in five ways i.e.,
 a 
....  The probability of the occurrence   {(6, 2), (5, 3), (4, 4), (3, 5), (2, 6)}.
 ab  Similarly, the sum twelve can be found in one
way i.e., {(6, 6)}.
3 7
43. Here, P(A) = , P(B) = 7
7 12 Hence, required probability = .
36
4 5
 P(A) = and P(B) = 7. Between 1 and 100, there are 25 prime numbers.
7 12  n(S) = 98 and n(A) = 25
 P(Problem will be considered solved even if 25
one person solves it)  P(A) =
98
5 16
= 1 – [P(A)P(B)] = 1 – = 8. Total cases = 4
21 21
1
So, probability of correct answer =
4
Critical Thinking
9. In a leap year, there are 366 days in which 52
1. Here, n(S) = 2  2 = 4 weeks and two days. The combination of 2
A: Event of getting 2 heads or 2 tails days may be: Sun – Mon, Mon – Tue,
Tue – Wed, Wed – Thu, Thu – Fri, Fri – Sat,
 A = {(H H), (T T)}
Sat – Sun.
 n(A) = 2
2
2 1  P(53 Sun) =
 P(A) = = 7
4 2
10. When a coin is tossed, there are two outcomes
52
2. One card can be selected from a pack in C1 and when a dice is rolled, there are six
ways. possible outcomes.
 n(S) = 52C1 = 52 Hence, there are 8 (2 corresponding to head
A: Event of getting a red queen and six corresponding to tail at first toss)
 P(A) = P(diamond queen or heart queen) sample points in the sample space.
2 Sample space is {HH, HT, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5,
C T6}.
= 52 1
C1 11. It six does not appear on either dice then, there
are only five possible outcomes associated
3. Favourable ways
with one dice, the number of sample points is
= {29, 92, 38, 83, 47, 74, 56, 65}
5  5.
8 2 12. Since, the total ‘13’ can’t be found.
Hence, required probability = =
100 25 13. Probabilities of H1, H2 and H3 winning a race
4. Two digits, one from each set can be selected must be in the ratio 4 : 2 : 1 (due to given
in 9  9 = 81 ways. condition) and should also add up to 1.
Favourable outcomes are (1, 9), (2, 8), (3, 7),
(4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4), (7, 3), (8, 2) and (9, 1). 14. Here, n(S) = 6C2 = 15
If both are vowels, then they are selected in
 n(S) = 81 2
C2 ways = 1.
and n(A) = 9
1
9 1  Required probability =
 P(A) = = 15
81 9
15. Here, n(S) = 10C2
5. When six dice are thrown, the total number of A: Event that the watches selected are
outcomes is 66.They can show different defective
number in 6P6 = 6! ways  n (A) = 2C2 = 1
6! 5! 5 1 1
 Required probability = 6 = 5 =  P (A) = 10 =
6 6 324 C2 45

176
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
99. a2 cos2A  b2  c2 = 0  a2 + b2  c2 =  2ab
b 2  c2 a 2  b2  c2 2ab 1
 cos2A =  = =
a2 2ab 2ab 2
Since, cos A ≤ 1 i.e., cos2A < 1
2
 cos C = cos 45 or cos 135
b 2  c2
 < 1  b2 + c2  a2 < 0  C = 45 or 135
a2
b 2  c2  a 2 104. We have, b + c = 2a ….(i)
  0 ….[ 2bc > 0]
 b  c   2bc  a 2
2
2bc b c a
2 2 2
cos 60  =
  2bc 2bc
 cos A < 0  A   ,  
2  1 4a  2bc  a
2 2
1 3a 2
    1
2 2bc 2 2bc
100. Let a =  – , b =  + , c = 3 2 2
3 3a 2
 
Since 3 2 2 is the largest side, the largest 2 2bc
angle is C.  bc = a2 ….(ii)
a 2  b2  c2 From (i) and (ii), we get
 cos C =
2ab b+c=2 b c
 cosC =     2   2  2 2  3    
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 b c =0b=c
2(   )
( 2   2 )  2  From (i), a = b = c
 cos C = – = cos     ABC is equilateral.
2(   )
2 2
 3 
2 sin A sin A cos B  cos Asin B
C= 105. 
3 sin C sin Bcos C  cos Bsin C
a a cos B  bcos A
b2  c2  a 2  
101. cos A = c bcos C  ccos B
2bc
 ab cos C  ac cos B = ac cos B  bc cos A
1 9  c 2  16
 cos 60 =   ab cos C + bc cos A = 2ac cos B
2 2  3 c
2
 3c = c – 7 a 2  b 2  c2 b 2  c2  a 2 c2  a 2  b2
  
 c2  3c  7 = 0 2 2 1
c a
2 2

102. We have, b = 3 , c = 1, A = 30  b2 = c2 + a2  b2  b2 =

2
b2  c2  a 2 2 2 2
 a , b , c are in A.P.
cos A =
2bc
2 cos A cos B 2 cos C a b
3 ( 3) 2  12  a 2 106. + + = +
  a b c bc ca
2 2. 3.1
2(b 2  c 2  a 2 ) a 2  c 2  b 2 2 2 2
 a = 1, b = 3 , c = 1  + + 2(a  b  c )
2abc 2abc 2abc
 b is the largest side. Therefore, the largest a b
angle B is given by = +
bc ca
a 2  c2  b2 1  1  3 1
cos B =    = cos 120o 
3b 2 +c 2 +a 2
= a +
b
2ac 2.1.1 2 2abc bc ca
 B = 120 c a a b
3b
 + + = +
103. a4 + b4 + c4 = 2 c2 (a2 + b2) 2ac 2ab 2bc bc ca
 a4 + b4 + c4  2a2c2  2b2c2 + 2a2b2 = 2a2b2  b2 + c2 = a2
 (a2 + b2  c2)2 = 2a2b2 Hence, A = 90
244
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
107. 4 sin A = 4 sin B = 3 sin C 110. cot A, cot B and cot C are in A. P.
 4a = 4b = 3c or a = b  cot A + cot C = 2 cot B
2 cos A cos C 2cos B
 4a   + =
a2  a2    sin A sin C sin B
a b c
2 2 2
 3 
 cos C = = b2  c2  a 2 a 2  b2  c2 a 2  c2  b2
2ab 2 a  a  + =2
2bc(ka) 2ab(kc) 2ac(kb)
16a 2 8a 2
2a 2  a2  2 2
 a + c = 2b 2

= 9 = 9 =1 8 = 1
2 2 Hence, a2, b2, c2, are in A. P.
2a a 9 9
sin 3B 3sin B  4sin 3 B
108. A 111. = = 3 – 4 sin2 B
sin B sin B
= 3 – 4 + 4 cos2 B
60° 4(a 2  c 2  b 2 ) 2
30° x =–1+
x 4(ac) 2
30° 120 60° 60°
2
 a 2  c2 
B x D x C  
2 
= – 1+  .... 2b 2  a 2  c 2 
(ac) 2
From the figure,
(a 2  c 2 ) 2
x 2  x 2  AB2 =–1+
cos 120 = 4(ac) 2
2 x2
2
2 x 2  AB2 1 (a 2  c 2 ) 2  4a 2 c 2  c2  a 2 
 = = =  
2 x2 2 4(ac) 2  2ac 
 4x2 – 2AB2 = – 2x2
cos B cos C
 3x2 = AB2  AB = x 3 112. cot B + cot C – cot A = + – cot A
sin B sin C
 a2 : b2 : c2 = (2x)2 : x2 : (x 3 )2 sin C cos B  cos Csin B
= 4x2 : x2 : 3x2 = 4 : 1 : 3. = – cot A
sin Bsin C
sin(B  C) cos A
3 b = –
109.  1 sin Bsin C sin A
2 a
sin 2 A  sin Bsin Ccos A a 2  bc cos A
b = =
 1 sin A sin Bsin C (abc)
a
b<a (b2  c 2  a 2 )
a 2  bc
c<b<a = 2bc
(abc)
 B = 60 ….[ Angles are in A.P.]
3a  b  c2 3a 2  (b 2  c2 )
2 2

3 b = 
Consider  1 2(abc) 2(abc)
2 a
3a 2  3a 2
3 b  cot B + cot C – cot A = 0
  2(abc)
2 a
….[ b2 + c2 = 3a2]
 3 a < 2b
 3a2 < 4b2 113. Largest side is p 2  pq  q 2 . If largest angle
 4b2  3a2 > 0 is , then
Now, b2 = a2 + c2  2ac cos 60 p 2  q 2  p 2  pq  q 2 1  2 
 c2  ac + (a2  b2) = 0 cos  = = – = cos  
2pq 2  3 
a  4b 2  3a 2 2
 c= =
2 3

245
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
114. B(c, d) 116. Let the fourth side be of length d.
d
120° 3
A C
 A(a,b) D
O
2
(AB)2 = (a – c)2 + (b – d)2 60° 5
(OA)2 = (a – 0)2 + (b – 0)2 = a2 + b2
and (OB)2 = c2 + d2 B

Now from triangle AOB, From the figure,

(OA) 2  (OB) 2  (AB) 2 In  ADC,
cos  = AC2 = CD2 + DA2 – 2.CD.DA.cos 120
2OA.OB
….[By Cosine rule]
a 2  b 2  c2  d 2  {(a  c) 2  (b  d) 2 } In  BAC,
=
2 a 2  b 2 . c2  d 2 AC2 = AB2 + BC2 – 2.AB.BC.cos 60
ac  bd ….[By Cosine rule]
=  3 + d – 2  3  d cos 120 = 22 + 52
2 2
(a  b 2 )(c 2  d 2 )
2

2  2  5cos 60
2
115. A  d + 3d – 10 = 0  d = – 5 or d = 2
 d=2

2x + 1 x2  1
117. By sine rule,
a b
=
sin A sin B
/6
B C a b
x2 + x + 1  =
sin 2B sin B
b2  a 2  c2 a
cos C =  sin 2B = sin B
2ba b
 ( x 2  1) 2  ( x 2  x  1)2  (2 x  1) 2 a
 cos =  2 sin B cos B = sin B
6 2( x 2  1)( x 2  x  1) b
a
3 ( x 2  1) 2  ( x 2  3 x  2) ( x 2  x)  =b
 = 2cos B
2 2( x 2  x  1)( x 2 1)
a
 =b
3 ( x 2  1) 2  ( x  1)( x  2) x( x  1)  a  c2  b2 
2
 = 2
2 2( x 2  x  1) ( x 2 1) 
 2ac 
x  1  x  x 2  1  x  2 
2
2
 a c = b (a + c – b2)
2 2 2

 3 =  a2 (b – c) – (b + c) (b – c) b = 0
x 2
 x  1 x 2  1
 a2 – b (b + c) = 0
x 2  1 x( x  2)  a2 = b2 + bc
 3=
x2  x  1 Now, a =  + 1, b =  – 1, c = 
 3( x 2  x  1) = 2x2 + 2x  1  ( + 1)2 = ( – 1)2 +  ( – 1)
 2 + 2 + 1 = 2 – 2 + 1 + 2 – 
  
3  2 x2   32 x   
3 1 = 0  2 – 5 = 0   ( – 5) = 0
  = 0, 5
On solving, x2 + x  3 3  5 = 0  
118. (b + c) cos A + (c + a) cos B + (a + b) cos C
x= 3 + 1,  2  3   =a+b+c
= (b cos C + c cos B) + (c cos A + a cos C)
Since, x cannot be negative.
+ (a cos B + b cos A)
 x=1+ 3 =a+b+c ….[By projection rule]
246
 Chapter 11: Probability
41. In a leap year, there are 366 days in which 49. P(A  B) = P[(A  B)]
52 weeks and two days. The combination of 1 3
2 days may be: Sun-Mon, Mon-Tue, = 1  P(A  B) = 1  =
4 4
Tue-Wed, Wed-Thu, Thu-Fri, Fri-Sat, Sat-Sun.
2 2 1
 P(53 fri) = ; P(53 Sat) = 50. P(A  B) =
7 7 3
There is one combination in common
1
i.e., (Fri-Sat)  P[(A  B)] =
1 3
 P(53 Fri and 53 Sat) = 1
7  1  P(A  B) =
 P(53 Fri or 53 Sat) = P(53 Fri) + P(53 Sat) 3
 P(53 Fri and Sat) 1 2
 P(A  B) = 1  =
2 2 1 3 3 3
= +  =
7 7 7 7 2
 P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) =
42. Here, P(A) = P(B) = 2 P(C), 3
and P(A) + P(B) + P(C) = 1 1 2
1 2  p + 2p  =
 P(C) = and P(A) = P(B) = 2 3
5 5 2 1 7 7
2 2 4  3p = + = p=
Hence, P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) =  = 3 2 6 18
5 5 5
43. For both to be boys, the probability 51. Required Probability
1 1 1 = P[(A  B)  (A  B)]
=   =
2 2 4 = P(A  B) + P(A  B)
44. We have to consider order for IIT = P(A)  P(A  B) + P(B)  P(A  B)
10 9 10 5 = P(A) + P(B)  2P(A  B)
 Required probability =   =
20 19 18 38 52. P(neither A nor B)
45. In the word ‘MULTIPLE’ there are 3 vowels, = 1  P(either A or B) = 1  P(A  B)
out of total of 8, 1 vowel can be chosen in 3C1 = 1  [P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B)]
ways. In the word ‘CHOICE’ there are 3
= 1  0.25  0.50 + 0.14 = 0.39
vowels, out of the total of 6, 1 vowel can be
chosen in 3C1 ways. 53. M: Event that student passed in Mathematics.
3 3
C1 C 3 E: Event that student passed in Electronics
 Required probability =  1 =
8 6 16  n(M) = 30, n(E) = 20, n(M  E) = 10,
46. A total of 7 and a total of 9 cannot occur n(S) = 80.
simultaneously. 30 20 10
 P(total of 7 or 9)  P(M) = , P(E) = , P(M  E) =
80 80 80
6 4 5
= P(total of 7) + P(total of 9) = + =  P(M  E) = P(M) + P(E)  P(M  E)
36 36 18
(A total of 7 and a total of 9 cannot occur 30 20 10 1
= +  =
simultaneously) 80 80 80 2
1 2 1 3 7  P(Student has passed in none of the subject)
47.  +  = 1 1
2 5 2 10 20 = P[(M  E)] = 1  P(M  E) = 1  =
25 10 20 2 2
48. P(G) = , P(R) = , P(I) =
80 80
Since events are independent,
80
54. 
P(neither E1 nor E2 occurs) = P E1'  E '2 
 P(selecting rich and intelligent girls) = P E  P E 
'
1
'
2
5
= P(G)P(R)P(I) =
512 = (1  p1) (1  p2)
179
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)
A B C
sc  sbsa  129. Let cot , cot and cot be in A.P.
= 2s   2 2 2
s   s  a  s  b  
  B C A
Then, 2 cot = cot + cot
 2s  a  b  2 2 2
= 2 s s  c    we need to prove that
  s  a  s  b  
s(s  b) s(s  c) s(s  a)
2 = 
s s  c (s  a)(s  c) (s  a)(s  b) (s  b)(s  c)
= 2c …[ 2s – a – b = c]
 s  a  s  b  s  (s  c) (s  a) 
R.H.S. =   
C (s  b)  (s  a) (s  c) 
 2c cot
2 s  scsa 
C =  
2c cot sb  (s  a)(s  c) 
A B 2
 tan  tan 
2 2 abc s  2s  a  c 
=  
sb  (s  a)(s  c) 
 A B  B A
128. cot  cot  a sin 2  bsin 2  s (s  b) 2
 2 2  2 2 =2
(s  b) (s  a)(s  c)
 C 
 cos 2   2 B A  2b  a  c 
=   a sin  bsin 2   
....  2s – 2b  2s –  a  c 
 sin A sin B   2 2
 2 2  2 s – b   2s – a – c 
 
 B A s(s  b)
sin sin  =2 = L.H.S.
 C  2 2 (s  a)(s  c)
= cos  a b 
 2   sin A B
sin 
 2 2 130.  is right angled, C = 90
1 1
 (s  a)(s  c) (s  b)(s  c)    = ab sin90o = ab
s(s  c)   2 2
ac b bc
= a  1 
2
ab  (s  b)(s  c) (s  a)(s  c)   42 = 4  ab  = a2b2
 bc ac  2 

s(s  c)   s  a   s  b   1 1
131.  = bcsin A  9  .36sin A
=    ab    ab  2 2
ab   s  b   s  a  
1
 s  a  s  b   sin A   A  30
= s(s  c)  2

 (s  a)(s  b)  132. We have, a = 1, b = 2, C = 60
1
 2s  a  b  Area of triangle = absin C
= s(s  c)   2
 (s  a)(s  b) 
1 3
= (1) (2)sin 60 
s(s  c) C 2 2
=c = c cot
(s  a)(s  b) 2
1
Alternate Method : 133.  = ab sin C
2
Let a = 1, b = 3 , c = 2 and A = 30, 1
=  1  2  sin 60
B = 60, C = 90. 2
Hence, the given expression is equal to 2, 3
=
which is given by option (D). 2
248
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

a 2  b2  c2 2sin P  2sin P cos P 2sin P(1  cos P)

cos C = =
2ab 2sin P  2sin P cos P 2sin P (1 cos P)
1  4  c2 P
 cos 60 = 1  cos P 2sin 2
2(1)(2) = = 2 = tan2 P
1  cos P P 2
1 5  c2 2cos 2
 = 2
2 4
(s  b)(s  c) (s  b) 2 (s  c) 2
 c2 = 3 = =
2 s(s  a) 2
2 2  3
 4 + c = 4   + 3  7 
2
5
2

 2  4  4  2
2  2  3 
=3+3 =  =  
2  4 
=6
 BC bc A
134. a2 sin 2C + c2 sin 2A 137. tan   cot
 2  bc 2
= a2(2 sin C cos C) + c2 (2 sin A cos A)
 2   2   90  3 1 A
= 2a2  cos C  + 2c2  cos A   tan   cot
 ab   bc   2  3 1 2

 1 1  A 3 1 3 1 2 3
 tan     2 3
   2 ab sinC  2 bc sin A, 2 3 1 2
....  
 sinC  2 , sin A  2  A
  15o  A  30o
 ab bc  2
 a cos C  ccos A  b  2 x +1 
139. sin1 
= 4   = 4   = 4  is defined for
 b  b  3 
2 x +1
135.  = a2  (b  c)2 1  1
3
= 2bc  (b2 + c2  a2)
 –3 ≤ 2x + 1 ≤ 3  –4 ≤ 2x ≤ 2
 b2  c 2  a 2  2x1
= 2bc – 2bc   = 2bc (1  cos A)
 2bc  140. Given, sin1 x = 2 sin1 2a
A  
  = 2bc . 2 sin2 ....(i) Since,   sin1 x 
2 2 2
1  
Also,  = bc sin A    2 sin1 2a 
2 2 2
1 A A  
= bc . 2 sin cos    sin1 2a 
2 2 2 4 4
A A   
  = bc. sin cos ....(ii)  sin     sin (sin1 2a)  sin
2 2  4 4
A 1 1 1
 tan = ....[From (i) and (ii)]   2a 
2 4
2 2
136. a = 2 = QR, 1 1 1
P  a i.e., | a | 
7 2 2 2 2 2 2
b= = PR,
2
c b 1
5 141. Let cot1   = 
c = = PQ 2
2
Q R 1 2
abc 8 a  cot  =  sin  =
s= = =4
2 2 2 5
249
 Chapter 11: Probability
13. 3 coins are tossed 21. STATISTICS  SSS TTT A II C
 S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, ASSISTANT  SSS TT AA I N
HTT, TTT}  S, T, A and I are the common letters.
A: Event of getting 2 heads 3
C 3
C1 1
 A = {HHT, HTH, THH}  Probability of choosing S = 1  =
10 9 10
3 3 2
 n (A) = 3  P(A) = C1 C 1
8 Probability of choosing T =  1=
10 9 15
14. n(S) = 8 1
C1 2
C 1
3 Probability of choosing A =  1=
P(2 tails) = 10 9 45
8 2
C1 1 C1 1
1 Probability of choosing I =  =
P(3 tails) = 10 9 45
8 1 1 1 1
P(at least 2 tails) = P(2 tails) + P(3 tails)  Required probability =   
10 15 45 45
3 1 1 19
=  = =
8 8 2 90
15. Three dice can be thrown in 6  6  6 = 216 22. n(S) = 12C3
ways. A total 17 can be obtained as P(not of same colour) = 1  P (Same colour)
{(5, 6, 6), (6, 5, 6), (6, 6, 5)}. A total 18 can = 1   P(red ball)  P(black ball)  P(white ball)
be obtained as (6, 6, 6).
4 1  5C 3
C 4
C 
Hence, the required probability = = = 1   12 3  12 3  12 3 
216 54  C3 C3 C3 
 60  6  24 
16. Required combinations are {(2, 2, 1), (1, 2, 2), =1  
(2, 1, 2), (1, 3, 1,), (3, 1, 1), (1, 1, 3)}  1320 
6 6 3 41
 Required probability = 3 = = =
4 64 32 44
2 1 23. Total rusted items = 3 + 5 = 8;
17. Required probability =  unrusted nails = 3.
10 5
38 11
18. n(S) = 4 C 2  Required probability = = .
6  10 16
P(no black ball) = P(red ball)
2
C 1 24. If both integers are even, then product is even.
= 4 2 = If both integers are odd, then product is odd.
C2 6 If one integer is odd and other is even, then
19. 3 batteries can be selected from 10 batteries in product is even.
10
C3 ways. 2
 Required probability = .
3 dead batteries can be selected from 4 dead 3
batteries in 4C3 ways.
25. Number which are cubes
 Probability that the all 3 selected batteries are 13 = 1, 23 = 8, 33 = 27, 43 = 64
4
C 4 3 2 1 4 1
dead = 10 3 = =  Required probability = 
C3 10  9  8 30 100 25
20. n(S) = 10
C4 26. S = {18, 16, 14, …., 20}
A: Event of getting 2 red balls n(S) = 20
A : no. divisible by both 4 and 6
n(A) = 4 C 2  6 C2 A = {12, 0, 12}
4
C2  6 C2 9 n(A) 3
 P(A) = = P(A) = =
10
C4 21 n(S) 20

183
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
1   1 
  = sin–1 Given, cos  cot 1    = cot (cos1 x)
2
1 x   2 
 1  1 x 1 x2
 sin (cot–1 x) = sin  sin 1     =
1  x2  5 1  x2 5 1  x2

 6x2 = 1
1
= 1
1 x 2 x=
6
1
= (1  x 2 ) 2 1
152. Let cos–1 x =   x = cos   sec  =
x
 2a   2b  1 1
149. sin–1  2 
+ sin–1  2 
= 2tan–1 x  tan = sec 2   1 = 2
1 = 1 x 2
 1  a   1  b  x x
Putting a = tan  and b = tan , we get Now,
 
sin cot 1 (tan  = sin cot –1 
1
1  x2 
 x 
 2 tan    2tan  
–1 –1
 = 2tan–1 x Again, putting x = sin 
sin   + sin  2 
 1  tan 2
   1+ tan    1  sin 2  
1 
 sin cot–1  1  x 2  = sin cot–1  
 sin–1 [sin (2)] + sin–1 [sin (2)] = 2 tan–1 x x   sin  
 
 2( + ) = 2tan–1 x = sin cot–1 (cot )
 x = tan ( + ) = sin  = x
–1 –1
tan θ + tan  153. cos x + cos (2x) = –
x=
1  tan θ tan   cos–1 2x = – – cos–1 x
 2x = cos ( + cos–1 x)
Resubstituting the values of a and b, we get
2x= (cos ) cos (cos–1 x) – (sin) sin (cos–1x)
ab 2x = – x  x = 0
x=
1  ab But x = 0 does not satisfy the given equation.
 No solution will exist.
1
150. cos (2 tan–1 x) = 7  7  5
2 154. cos = cos  2   = cos
  6  6  6
 2 tan–1 x = ,
3 3 7 5
 cos = cos
  6 6
 tan–1x = ,
6 6  7   5  5
 cos1  cos  = cos1  cos  =
1 1  6   6  6
x= ,
3 3 53  50 3 
155. cos = cos   
5  5 5 
  1 
151. cos  cot 1    = cos (tan1 2)  3 
= cos 10  
  2   5 
   1 3
1 = cos
= cos cos 1   = 5
  1  (2) 2  5
    3 
= sin   
 1  x2  2 5 
and cot (cos1 x) = cot  tan 1 
x    
 = sin  
 10 
 x  x
= cot  cot 1   53  1    
 sin1  cos  = sin  sin  =
 1 x 
2
1  x2  5   10  10

251
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)
156. tan–1(cot x) + cot–1 (tan x) 
= sin [tan–1 {tan ( – 2) }+ cos–1 (cos 2)]
 π   π  2
= tan–1  tan   x   + cot–1 cot  2  x  
 2     
= sin =1
π π 2
= –x+ –x
2 2  1  sin x  1  sin x 
=  – 2x 160. cot–1  
 1  sin x  1  sin x 
2 2
157. Let  = cos–1  cos  =  ( 1  sin x  1  sin x )
5 5 = cot–1 
1 2    ( 1  sin x  1  sin x )
tan  cos 1   tan 2
2 5 ( 1  sin x  1  sin x ) 
 
1  cos  ( 1  sin x  1  sin x ) 
=
1  cos 
 (1  sin x )  (1  sin x)  2 1  sin 2 x 
2 = cot–1  
1  (1  sin x)  (1  sin x) 
= 5
2  2(1  cos x) 
1 = cot –1  
5  2sin x 
5  2  x 
=  2cos 2   
5  2 = cot–1   2 
 2sin  x  cos  x  
     
2
5 2  2  2 
=
 5 2  5 2   x   x 
= cot–1   cot  = cot–1  cot     
 2   2 
 5  2
2
= x
=–
= 5 2 2
158. Putting 161. Putting x = tan  in the given equation, we
get
a = tan, b = tan  and x = tan  in the given
 1  x2  1   1  tan 2   1 
expression, we get cot 1    cot 1  
 x   tan  
sin–1 (sin 2) – cos–1 (cos 2) = tan–1 (tan 2)    
 2 – 2 = 2   –  =   sec   1 
= cot 1  
Taking ‘tan’on both sides, we get  tan  
tan ( – ) = tan   1  cos  
= cot 1  
tan   tan   sin  
 = tan 
1  tan  tan  
 
 2sin 2 
ab 1 2
 =x = cot  
1  ab  2sin  cos  
 2 2 
159. Putting x = tan , we get
 
  1  x2  1  1  x 
2
 = cot 1  tan 
sin  tan 1    cos  2   2
  2x   1  x 
   
= cot 1  cot    
  1  tan 2   1  1  tan  
2
  2 2 
= sin  tan 1    cos  
 2 tan    1  tan   
2
    tan 1 x
=  = 
= sin [tan–1 (cot 2) + cos–1 (cos2)] 2 2 2 2
252
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
1 x 1 167. Given,
162. tan–1 = tan–1 x
1 x 2 sec–1 x = cosec–1 y
1  tan   1 1 1
 tan–1  = . ....[Put x = tan]  cos–1   = sin–1  
1  tan   2  x  y
   1  1
–1  tan 4  tan     cos–1   = – cos–1  
 tan  =  x 2  y
1  tan  tan   2
 4  1 1 
 cos–1   + cos–1   =
      x  y 2
 tan–1 tan     =  –  =
4  2 4 2 168. x2 + 5| x |  6 = 0
   1  | x |2  5 | x |  6  0
= =  tan1 x =  x = tan =
6 6 6 3
 | x |2  6 | x |  | x |  6  0
  x 1  x2     | x |  6  | x | 1  0
163. tan sin 1     sin x 
1

  2 2    | x |  1 or | x |  6
  x  1  x 
2  But | x | cannot be negative
= tan sin 1    sin x 
1

  2    | x| = 1  x=1

  = 1,  = 1
 sin   cos   
= tan sin 1     tan 1   tan 1  = tan 1 1  tan 1 (1)
  2  
 Put sin –1 x     
....   =  
 x  sin   4  4

     
= tan sin 1 sin         =
2
  4  
    169. 4 sin1 x + cos1 x = 
= tan      = tan = 1
 4  4  3 sin1 x + sin1 x + cos1 x = 

164. sec1 [sec ( 30)]  3sin 1 x   
2
= sec1 (sec 30) ….[ sec () = sec ]

….  sin 1 x  cos 1 x  
= 30  2
    2   
165. cos1 cot     cos 1 sin     3sin 1 x   sin1 x =
  2    3  2 6
 3  1
 x  sin 
= cos1 (0) + cos1   6 2
 2 
 1 1 1
   170. cos  cos 1  sin 1  cos 1 
=  cos 1  cos   5 5 5
2  6
 1  1 1 
  2 = cos   cos 1  = – sin  cos 
=  = 2 5  5
2 6 3
 24 
 2 = – sin  sin 1 
166.
tan 1  3   sec (2) =
1 
3 3 = 4  25 
 2
cosec 1   2   cos   12 
1
4

3
5
=–
2 6
5
253
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

52. n(S) = 10
C3 57. P(A  B) = P(A)  P(A  B)
A: event that minimum of chosen numbers is 3 2
= 0.7  0.3 = 0.4 =
B: event that maximum of chosen number is 7. 5
7 6 3
C C C
P(A) = 10 2 , P(B) = 10 2 , P(A  B) = 10 1 58. P( A  B) = P(B) – P(A  B) = y – z.
C3 C3 C3
P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) 59. P(A  B) = P(A  B)
7
C 6
C 3
C = 1  P(A  B)
= 10 2 + 10 2  10 1
C3 C3 C3 = 1  P(A)  P(B) + P(A  B)
= 1  0.25  0.50 + 0.14 = 0.39
33
=
120 60. P(A  B) = 1 – P(A  B)
11 2
=  P(A  B) =
40 3
53. Let R1 be the event that the first ball drawn is Now P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A  B)
red, 2 1 1
 =x+x– x=
B1 be the event that the first ball drawn is 3 3 2
black,
R2 be the event that the second ball drawn is 61. Since A and B are mutually exclusive,
red. P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)
Required probability 3 1 4
= + = = 0.8
R  R  5 5 5
= P(R1) . P  2  + P(B1) . P  2 
 R1   B1  1
62. Probability of getting head =
4 6 6 4 2
=  + 
10 12 10 12 1
Probability of die showing 3 =
2 6
=
5 Since both events are independent, the
1 1 1
54. Given, P(A  B) = 0.6 and P(A  B) = 0.2 required probability =  =
2 6 12
We know that, if A and B are any two events,
then P(A  B) = P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) 63. When two dice are thrown simultaneously,
n (S) = 36
 0.6 = 1 – P(A) + 1  P(B)  0.2 A: Event that both the numbers on top are
 P(A)  P(B)  2  0.8 = 1.2 prime number
 A = {(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5),
3 1 (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 5)}
55. Given P(A  B) = and P(A  B) =
5 5  n (A) = 9
We know P(A  B)= P(A) + P(B)  P(A  B) 9 1
 P (A) = =
3 1 36 4
  1  P(A)  1  P(B)  When two coins are tossed simultaneously,
5 5
n (S) = 4
4 B : Event that we get one head and one tail
 2   P(A)  P(B)
5  n (B) = 2
6 2 1
 P(A)  P(B)  .  P (B) = =
5 4 2
Since both the events are independent of each
56. P(A  B) = P(A)  P(A  B) other,
4 1 3 1
=  =  Required probabiity = P (A) . P (B) =
5 2 10 8
186
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

x  x y 
180. tan –1 – tan –1   184. tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z =
y  x y 2
 y  x  y  z  xyz  
1   tan–1   = 2
x  x 1  xy  yz  xz 
= tan –1 – tan –1  
y 1 y   x  y  z  xyz  
 x    = tan
1  xy  yz  zx  2
x  y
= tan –1 –  tan 1 1  tan 1   xy + yz + zx – 1 = 0
y  x Alternate Method:
x y  1
= tan –1 y + tan –1 – Let x = y = z =
x 4 3
x x     1 1 1 
= tan–1 + cot–1 – = – = Then, tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 =
y y 4 2 4 4 3 3 3 2
181. A + B + C =  Option (D) holds for these values of x, y, z.
 tan–1 2 + tan–1 3 + C =  2x
185. Since, 2 tan–1 x = tan–1
 23  1  x2
  + tan–1   +C=
1  2  3  2
1  1 1  5
 5   4 tan–1 =2  2 tan 5  = 2 tan
–1
 tan–1   + C = 0 5   1
 5  1
–1 25
 – tan (1) + C = 0
20
π 10 120
– +C=0 = 2 tan–1 = tan–1 24 = tan–1
4 24 100 119
π 1
C= 576
4 1 1 120 1
 4 tan–1 – tan–1 = tan–1 – tan–1
182. A = 90 5 239 119 239
C
 c  –1  b  120 1
tan–1   + tan   
ab ac –1 119 239 (120  239)  119
b b2 + c2 = a2 = tan = tan–1
  120 1 (119  239)  120
c b 1 .
   119 239
= tan–1  a  b a  c  A c B 
1   c  b   = tan–1 1 =
  a  b  
 a  c   4
 ca  c 2  ab  b 2  186. 2 tan1 (cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)
= tan–1  2   tan1 (cos x) + tan1 (cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)
 a  ab  ca  bc  bc 
 tan [tan1 (cos x) + tan1 (cos x)]
 a 2  ab  ca 
= tan–1  2  ….[ b2 + c2 = a2] = tan  tan 1 (2cosec x) 
 a  ab  ca 
tan (tan 1 cos x)  tan (tan 1 cos x)
  =2 cosec x
= tan–1 (1) = 1  tan (tan 1 cos x).tan(tan 1 cos x)
4
cos x  cos x
 xy  1   = 2 cosec x
183. Since, cot–1 x – cot–1 y = cot 1   1  cos 2 x
 yx 
 2 cos x = 2 cosec x . (1  cos2 x)
ab  1 bc  1 ca  1
 cot1 + cot1 + cot1  cos x = cosec x . sin2 x
ab bc ca
 cos x = sin x
= cot1 b  cot1 a + cot1 c  cot1 b
+ cot1 a  cot1 c 
x=
=0 4
255
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)
  1 5 2 1
 sin x + cos x = sin + cos 189. 2 tan–1 + sec–1 + 2 tan–1
4 4 5 7 8
1 1  1 1 5 2
=   2 = 2  tan 1  tan 1   sec1
2 2  5 8 7
 1 1 
a(a  b  c) b(a  b  c)    5 2 
2
187.  = tan–1 + tan–1
bc ca = 2 tan 1  5 8   tan 1
 7   1
1  1  1    
  
+ tan–1
c(a  b  c) 5  8  
ab
…[ sec–1 x = tan–1 x 2  1 ]
abc
Let s2 = 13 1
abc = 2 tan 1  tan 1
39 7
  = tan–1 a 2s 2 + tan–1 b 2s 2 + tan–1 c 2 s 2 1 1
= 2 tan 1  tan 1
= tan–1 (as) + tan–1 (bs) + tan–1 (cs) 3 7
 as  bs  cs  abcs 3   1 
= tan–1  2   2  
1  abs  acs  bcs 
2 2
= tan 1   3    tan 1 1
 1 
2
7
 s  (a  b  c)  abcs 2   1    
 tan =   
 3 
 1  (ab  bc  ca)s 
2

 2x 
...  2 tan 1 x  tan 1 , if  1  x  1
 s[(a  b  c)  (a  b  c)]   1  x2 
=  
 1  s (ab  bc  ca) 
2
 3 1 
2   
….[ s (abc) = (a + b + c)] 3 1
= tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1  4 7 
=0 4 7 1  3  1  
  
Alternate Method : 4  7  
Let a = b = c = 1. Then, 190. Consider option (A),
–1 –1 –1
 = tan 3 + tan 3 + tan 3 =
sin (cos1 x) = cos (sin1 x) = 1  x 2
 tan  = 0
…. sin 1 x  cos 1 1  x 2 ,cos 1 x  sin 1 1  x 2 
–1 1 1 1  
188. 4 tan – tan–1 + tan–1
5 70 99
191. sin–1 cos (sin–1 x) + cos–1 sin (cos–1 x)
–1 120 1 1
= tan + tan–1 – tan–1 = sin 1 1  x 2  cos 1 1  x 2
119 99 70
 1 1  …  cos  sin 1 x   sin  cos 1 x   1  x2 
 99  70   
= tan–1 
120  –1
 + tan   
 119  1  1 . 1  =
 99 70  2
–1  29  1 2
= tan–1 
120 
 + tan   192. sin–1 + sin–1
 119   6931  3 3
120 29 1 4 2 1
= tan–1 – tan–1 = sin–1  1  1 
119 6931 3 9 3 9
120 1  54 2
= tan–1 – tan–1 = sin–1  
119 239  9 
 54 2
= tan–11 =  x=
4 9

256
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
2  1 
193. sin–1x + cos–1y = And cos (tan–1x) = cos  cos 1 
5 1  x2 

  2
 – cos–1 x + – sin–1 y = 1
2 2 5 =
2 1 x 2
  – cos–1x – sin–1y = 1 1
5 Thus, =
2 x2  2 x  2 1 x 2
 cos–1x + sin–1y =  –
5 1
 x2 + 2x + 2 = 1 + x2  x = –
3 2
=
5
 1 
2 198. cos(tan1x) = cos cos 1 
194. Given, sin1 x + sin1 y =  1 x 2 
3
2    1 
 cos 1 x  cos 1 y     ….  tan 1 x  cos 1  
3 3  1 x 2 
  
 If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  ,  
….  
1 1 1
 then cos x  cos y      =
1 x 2
2 2 1  1 
195. sin1   + sin  
 3   3 199. tan(cos1 x)
 1  x2 
2 2 1
2
= tan  tan 1 
= sin1   + cos1
1  
x
 3  3  
…. sin 1 x  cos1 1  x 2   1  x2 
  ….  cos 1 x  tan 1 
2 2  x 
1  2 2 
= sin1   + cos  
 3   3  1  x2
=
   x
= …. sin 1 x + cos 1 x  
2  2
 
2  
 3 
196. sin  tan 1    1  3   
200. cos  tan    = cos cos 1
1 
  4  4 2 
    3
   
2
1   
   4  
   3   
  1  4  
= sin sin      4 
   1  3 
2
  = cos cos 1   
  


4
  
    5 
 
4
  x  =
….  tan 1 x = sin 1    5
  1 x
2
 
2 2
201. Let x = cos    = cos1 x
  3  3 9
= sin  sin 1       x 1 
  5  5 25 Now, cos1 x + cos1   3  3x 2 
 2 2 
 1   cos  3 
197. sin [cot–1 (x + 1)] = sin  sin 1  =  + cos1   1  cos 2  
 x2  2 x  2   2 2 
1 1 3 
= =  + cos1  .cos   sin  
x  2x  2
2
2 2 
257
 Chapter 11: Probability


Required probability = P (A  B)  (A  B)  92. i. This question can also be solved by one
student
= P(A  B) + P(A  B)
ii. This question can be solved by two
3 1 2 1 1 students simultaneously
=  +  =
5 2 5 2 2 ii. This question can be solved by three
88. Consider the following events: students all together.
X = ‘A’ speaks truth, Y = ‘B’ speaks truth 1 1 1
We have, P(A)= , P(B)= , P(C)=
70 7 80 4 2 4 6
Then, P(X) =  and P(Y) = 
100 10 100 5  P(A  B  C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C)
Required probability = P[(X  Y )  ( X  Y)] –[P(A).P(B) + P(B).P(C) + P(C).P(A)] +
7 1 3 4
=    [P(A).P(B).P(C)]
10 5 10 5
19 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + –     
=
50
= 0.38 2 4 6  2 4 4 6 6 2 

89. Consider the following events: 1 1 1

+    
A = family who owns a car, 2 4 6
B = family who owns a house
Required probability = P(A  B)  P(A  B) 33
=
60  30  20 20 70  20 48
=  = = 0.5
100 100 100
1
90. The probability of husband is not selected    2
 
B P(A B) 10
1 6 93. P  = =  = .
=1– = A
  P(A)  1 5
7 7  
4
The probability that wife is not selected
1 4
=1– = 94. For S and T as independent events,
5 5
The probability that only husband selected P(S/T) = P(S). Thus, P(S/T) = 0.3.
1 4 4
=  =
7 5 35 7
The probability that only wife selected P  A  B  10 7 20 14
1 6 6 95. P(A/B) =    
=  = P  B 17 10 17 17
5 7 35 20
6 4 10
Hence, required probability = + =
35 35 35
96. P(A  B) = P(A) P (B/A)
2
=
7 1 2 1
 P(A  B) =  =
91. The probability of students not solving the 4 3 6
1 2 1 3 1 4
problem are 1   , 1   and 1   P(A  B)
3 3 4 4 5 5 Now, P(A/B) =
Therefore, the probability that the problem is P(B)
2 3 4 2 1 1 1
not solved by any one of them      = 
3 4 5 5 2 6 P(B)
Hence, the probability that problem is
2 3 1
solved  1   .  P(B) =
5 5 3
189
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
x b ( x  1) 2 A Bx  C
 = 211.   2
1  x2 b2  a 2 x3  x x x 1

x2 b2 ( x  1) 2 Ax 2  A  Bx 2  Cx
 =  
b2  a 2 x( x 2  1) x( x 2  1)
1  x2
 x2 + 2x +1 = (A + B)x 2 + Cx + A
1 x 2 b2  a 2 Equating coefficients on both sides, we get
 =
x2 b2 A + B = 1, C = 2, A = 1
1 2b 2  a 2 B=0
 =
x2 b2 1 1
 cosec1   + cot1   + sec1 C
b A  B
x=   5
2b 2  a 2 = 0 
2 3 6
  2   1 1
208. tan1 sin  cos  l  212. 2y = 1  y =  sin x =
  3   2 2
 5 7  11
  x= , , , in 2  x  2
1   6 6 6 6
= tan1 sin  sin  l 
  3    number of points of intersection = 4
a b 5 4
...  cos 1 x  sin 1 1  x 2  213. =  =
  sin A sin B    sin B
sin   B 
 1   2 
= tan1  =
 3 6 5 4 4
 =  tan B =
cos B sin B 5
5 x  5 x 5
209. We know 1 ....  A.M.  G.M.  
2 Now, tan A = tan   B  =  cot B =
2  4
Since, cos (ex)  1 tan C = tan(  (A + B))
So, there does not exist any solution. =  tan(A + B)
 5 4
210. Applying R1  R1 – R3 and    
(tan A  tan B) 4 5 9
R2  R2 – R3 in the given determinant, we get = =  =
1  tan A.tan B  5 4  40
1 0 1 1   
 4 5
0 1 1 =0
 1 
sin  cos  1  4sin 4
2 2
 2. 
1  9 
 C = tan
 1 + 4sin 4 + cos2  + sin2  = 0   1 2 
 4 sin 4 = – 2 1   
 9 
1 1
 sin 4 =  C = 2 tan1  
2 9
7 11
 4 = or 214. Given, x = sin1 K, y = cos1 K
6 6
  sin x = cos y = K
Since, 0 <  <
2  
 sin x = sin   y 
 0 < 4 < 2 2 
7 11  
= or  x= y x+y=
24 24 2 2
259
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)

 1 1  x  
2
sin  πx  tan  π    sin (sin–1 x) =
3
1   
215. A – B =
π  1  x   2
 sin   cot  πx   x=
1

 π  3

 1  x    100  
  cos  πx  tan  π  
1 n
218. cot   cot 1 1   2k  
1      n 1  
 k 1
π  1  x  
 sin    tan  πx  
1
 100

 π  = cot   cot 1 1  2  4  6  ...  2n  
 n 1 
   100 
0 = cot  cot 1 1  n  n  1  
1 2
=    n 1 
 
0  100   
 2  1
= cot  tan 1  
1  n 1 1  n  n  1  
= I
2  100  n  1  n  
= cot  tan 1  
1  n 1 1  n  n  1  
216. sin , cos  and tan  are in G.P.


6

cos2  =
1
. sin . tan 
100
= cot   tan 1  n  1  tan 1 n 
n 1 
6 = cot [(tan–12 – tan–11) + (tan–13 – tan–12) + …..
sin  + (tan–1 101 – tan–1 100)]
 6 cos2  = sin . = cot (tan–1101 – tan–11)
cos 
 6 cos3  = sin2    101  1  
= cot  tan 1  
 6 cos3  + cos2   1 = 0   1  101  
1   100  
Here, cos  = is the only real root. = cot  tan 1  
2   102  
   50  
  = 2n  = cot  tan 1   
3   51  
sin B sin A   51  
217.  = cot cot 1   
b a   50  
bsin A 8sin 30o 2 51
 sin B =   =
a 6 3 50

Evaluation Test

1. sin 3x = 3 sin x  4 sin3x 1

 cos 3x (cos 3x + 3 cos x)
4
1
 sin3x = (3sin x  sin 3 x) 1
4 + sin 3x (3 sin x  sin 3x) = 0
4
cos 3x = 4 cos3x  3 cos x 1
 cos 2 3x+ 3cos x cos3x +3sin x sin 3x  sin 2 3x   0
1 4
 cos3x = (cos3 x  3cos x)  cos2 3x  sin2 3x + 3(cos 3x cos x
4
+ sin 3x sin x) = 0
Given, cos 3x cos3x + sin 3x sin3 x = 0  cos 6x + 3 cos 2x = 0
260
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
 4 cos3 2x  3 cos 2x + 3 cos 2x = 0 Let t = 16sin x
2

 4 cos3 2x = 0 16
 cos 2x = 0 t+ = 10  t2 + 16 = 10t
t

 2x = (2n + 1)  t2  10t + 16 = 0  (t  2) (t  8) = 0
2
 t = 2 or t = 8

 x = (2n + 1) 2 2
 16sin x = 2 or 16sin x = 8
4 2 2
 24sin x = 21 or 24sin x = 23
2. sin x 8cos 2 x = 1  4 sin2x = 1 or 4 sin2x = 3
 sin x 2 2 cos x = 1 ….  8  2 2   sin2 x =
1
or sin2 x =
3
4 4
1
 sin x |cos x| =  
2 2  sin2x = sin2   or sin2x = sin2  
6 3
Case I:
1  
If cos x > 0, sin x cos x =  x = n ± or x = n ±
6 3
2 2
 7  5 11  4  2  5
1 1 x= , , , or x = , , ,
 sin 2x = 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3
2 2 2
 There are 8 solutions in [0, 2].
1
 sin 2x = 4. The maximum value of a sin x + b cos x is
2
a 2  b2 .
 3 9 11
 2x = , , ,  Maximum value of sin x + cos x is 2 and the
4 4 4 4
maximum value of 1 + sin 2x is 2.
….[ x  (0, 2),  2x  (0, 4)]
 The given equation will be true only when
 3 9 11
 x= , , , sin x + cos x = 2 and 1 + sin 2x = 2
8 8 8 8
If sin x + cos x = 2
But cos x > 0 (x must be in 1st or 4th Quadrant)
 3 1 1
 the possible values are , .  cos x  + sin x  =1
8 8 2 2
Case II:  
 cos x cos + sin x sin = 1
If cos x < 0, 4 4
1 1  
sin x(cos x) =  sin 2x =   cos  x   = 1
2 2 2  4
5 7  
 2x = ,  x  = 2n,
4 4 4
5 7  
 x= ,  x = 2n + ….(i)
8 8 4
 The values of x satisfying the given equation 1 + sin 2x = 2  sin 2x = 1
 3 5 7  
between 0 and 2 are , , , .  sin 2x = sin
8 8 8 8 2
 
These are in A.P. with common difference .  2x = n + (1)n.
4 2
2 2x n 
3. 16sin x 16cos = 10 x= + (1)n. ….(ii)
sin 2 x 1  sin 2 x
2 4
 16 16 = 10 The value of x [, ] which satisfies both
sin 2 x 16 
 16  2
= 10 (i) and (ii) is .
16sin x 4
261
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
110. K = He knows the answers, NK = He 115. Probability [Person A will die in 30 years]
randomly ticks the answers, C = He is correct 8
=
C 85
P(K).P  
K K 8 5
P    P(A)   P(A) 
C
  P(K).P  C   C  13 13
   P(NK).P  
K  NK 
4 3
Similarly, P(B) =  P(B) 
p 1 5p 7 7
= 
1 4p  1
p  1  (1  p)  There are two ways in which one person is alive
5
after 30 years. AB and AB are independent
111. Consider the following events: events.
E1  He knows the answer, E2  He guesses So, required probability
the answer = P(A).P(B)  P(A).P(B)
A  He gets the correct answer.
5 4 8 3 44
We have, =    
13 7 13 7 91
90 9 1
P(E1) = = , P(E2) = , 116. The probability of solving the question by
100 10 10
1 2 3
1 these three students are , and
P(A/E1) = 1, P(A/E2) = 3 7 8
4
respectively.
 Required probability = P(E2/A)
1 2 3
P(E 2 ) P(A / E 2 )  P(A) = ; P(B) = ; P(C) =
= 3 7 8
P(E1 ) P(A / E1 )  P(E 2 ) P(A / E 2 )
Then, probability of question solved by only
1 1
 one student = P (A BC or A BC or A BC)
10 4 1
= =
9 1 1
10
1 
10 4
37
     
= P(A) P B P C + P A P(B) P C  
112. Required probability
+ P  A  P  B  P(C)

1 7 1 5 5 2 2 5 2 5 3
 = . . + . . + . .
7 9 1 3 7 8 3 7 8 3 7 8
= =
1 7 3 8 2 5 1 8 7
       25 + 20 + 30 25
7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 = =
168 56
(21)!2! 1 1
113. Required probability = = = 117. The quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has
(22)! 11 1  10 real roots when,  = b2 – 4ac ≥ 0
 Odds against = 10 : 1. Since a, b, c are chosen from the numbers
2, 3, 5.
0.1 6 different equations having distinct
114. Required probability =
0.1+ 0.32 coefficients can be formed. Of these, only two
equations having b = 5 will have real roots.
0.1 5 2 1
= =  Required probability = =
0.42 21 6 3
192
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
 bc = 18 bc ca ab 2(a  b  c)
12. Let   k =
b2  c2  a 2 11 12 13 36
cos A =
2bc abc
=
2 (b  c) 2  2bc  a 2 18
 cos =
3 2bc ….(By property of equal ratio)
1 (3 3)  2 18  a 2
2  b + c = 11k, c + a = 12k, a + b = 13k,
 = a + b + c = 18 k
2 2 18
 a = 7k, b = 6k, c = 5k
  18 = 27 + 36  a2 b 2  c2  a 2
 a2 = 27 + 36 + 18 = 81 cos A =
2bc
 a = 9 cm 36k  25k 2  49k 2
2
=
11. 2(6k)(5k)
B
12k 2 1
= 2
=
30
3 1 60k 5
1
 cos A =
5
105 45
A C 13. A
Let B = 30, C = 45  A = 105 n+1 n
sin A sin B sin C
 
a b c
B C
sin105 sin 30 sin 45 n+2
  
3 1 b c Let AC = n, AB = n + 1, BC = n + 2

 b=
 
3 1 sin 30

3 1


Largest angle is A and smallest angle is B.
A = 2B
sin105 2sin105 Since, A + B + C = 180

c=
 
3 1 sin 45
=
3 1  3B + C = 180
 C = 180  3B
sin105 2 sin105
 sin C = sin(180  3B) = sin 3B
1 sin A sin B sin C
A(ABC) = bc sin A  = =
2 n2 n n 1
1 3 1 3 1 sin 2B sin B sin 3B
=    sin105  = =
2 2sin105 2 sin105 n2 n n 1

  2sin Bcos B sin B 3sin B  4sin 3 B

2
3 1  = =
= n2 n n 1
4 2 sin (60  45) 2cos B 1 3  4sin B2
 = =
 
2
3 1 n2 n n 1
= n2 n 1
 3 1 1 1   cos B = , 3  4 sin2B =
4 2     2n n
 2 2 2 2 n  1
 3  4(1  cos2 B) =
 
2
3 1 n
2
= n2 n 1
 3 1   3  4 + 4  =
4 2   2n  n
 2 2  n  4n  4
2
n 1
1+ =
3 1 n 2
n
=
2   n2 + n2 + 4n + 4 = n2 + n
263
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)
 n2  3n  4 = 0 Also  = rs, where r = Radius of incircle of
 (n + 1) (n  4) = 0 ABC
 n = 1 or n = 4 15 7 2
k
But n cannot be negative.  4 7
 r= = = k
s 15k 2
 n=4
2
 The sides of the  are 4, 5, 6.
R 8 2 16
 = k =
14. r 7 7k 7
A R 16
 =
r 7
E O B b 2  c2  a 2
16. cos A =
2bc
r 72 r 4  3  a2
 cos 30 =
4 3
D C 3 7a 2
 =  7  a2 = 6
360 2 4 3
In ODC, OD = OC = r, DOC = = 72  a2 = 1
5
1 1 a=1 ….[ a  1]
 A(ODC) = r.r. sin 72 = r2 sin 72
2 2 1 1
= bcsin A =  2  3  sin 30
5 2 2 2
 A2 = Area of pentagon = r sin 72
2 1 3
2
= 3 =
A1 = Area of circle = r 2 2
A1 r 2 a  b  c 1 2  3 3 3
 = s = = =
A2 5 2 2 2 2
r sin 72
2  = rs
2 2 2   3 2
= = sec 18 = sec  r = = 
5cos18 5 5 10 s 2 3 3
3(3  3) 3 3 3 3 1
15. Let a = 4k, b = 5k, c = 6k = = =
93 6 2
abc 4k  5k  6k 15k 17. a4 + b4 + c4 = 2a2(b2 + c2)
Now, s = = =
2 2 2  a4 + b4 + c4  2a2b2  2a2c2 = 0
= s(s  a) (s  b) (s  c)  a4 + b4 + c4  2a2b2 + 2b2c2  2a2c2 = 2b2c2
b  c2  a 2  =  
2 2
15k  15k  15k  15k   2
2bc
=   4k   5k   6k 
2  2  2  2   b2 + c2  a2 = 2bc
15k 7k 5k 3k 15 7 2 b  c  a2
2 2
2bc 1
=    = k  cos A = = =
2 2 2 2 4 2bc 2bc 2
a a  A = 45
By sine Rule, = 2R  sin A =  A
sin A 2R 18.
4
1
= b csin A
2 p

1 a abc
  = bc = 8
2 2R 4R B a C
abc 4k.5k.6k 8
 R= = = k 5
4 15 7k 2
7 8
264
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
Let length of altitude = p A B
19. tan and tan are the roots of the quadratic
Since, A + B + C =  2 2
2
 5 equation 6x  5x + 1 = 0
 A+ + =
8 8 A B 5 A B 1
 tan + tan = , tan . tan =
 5  2 2 6 2 2 6
 A=  =
8 8 4 A B 5 5
tan  tan
A  2 2 = 6 = 6 =1
1 1  tan    =
Area of  = ap = bc sin A  2 2  1  tan A tan B 1  1 5
2 2
2 2 6 6

 ap = bc sin  AB
4  tan   1
 2 
1
 ap = bc  AB 
2  =
2 4
bc
 p= ….(i)  
2a  A+B=  C=
2 2
By sine rule,  ABC is a right angled triangle.
a b c
= = 1
  5 acsin B
sin sin sin  ac
4 8 8 20. r= = 2 =
s 1 a  bc
 (a  b  c)
a sin 2
8 = 
 b= 2a sin ….[ sin B = sin 90 = 1]
1 8
2 ac acb
 r = 
5 acb acb
a sin ac(a  c  b) ac(a  c  b)
8 = 5
c= 2 a sin = = 2
1 8 (a  c)  b
2 2
a  c 2  2ac  b 2
2 acb
= ….[ a2 + c2 = b2]
 From (i), 2
 5  Diameter = a + c  b
2a sin . 2a sin
8 8 = 5 
p= 2a sin sin 21. A = 55, B = 15, C = 110
2a 8 8
a b c
5   = = =k
2a  sin 55 sin15 sin110
=  2sin sin 
2  8 8
 a = k sin 55, b = k sin 15, c = k sin 110
a   5    5     c2  a2 = k2 sin2 110  k2 sin2 55
=  cos  8  8   cos  8  8  
2      = k2(sin 110 + sin 55) (sin 110  sin 55)
a   3   165 55   55 165 
=  cos  cos  = k2  2sin cos
2  2 4   2sin cos 
 2 2   2 2 
a   1  = k2 sin 165 sin 55
= 0    
2  2  = k2 sin 15 sin 55
a = (k sin 55) (k sin 15)
 P=
2 = ab
265
 Chapter 11: Probability

B  3 3 1 1 5
P G = 44  44 =
 G  8
B 
 P(BG  G) = P(G) P  G 
 G 
4 5 1
 P(BG  G) =  =
5 8 2

Signal
4 1
5 5

G 1 1
3 3 R
4 4
4 4
AG AR AR AG 3
3 3 1
1 4
4 1 4 1 4 3
4 BG
4 4 BG 4 BR
BG BR
 G  P(BG  G)
 Required probability = P   =
 BG  P(BG )
1
20
= 2 =
23 23
40

195
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
 2 3 3 5
26. sin1 x + sin1 2x = =   
3 7 7 8 8
 ….[ cos1 (x) =   cos1 x]
 sin1 2x =  sin1 x
3
  13
  =   = 2  
 2x = sin   sin 1 x  7 7 7
3  13 a
   
= sin cos (sin1 x) – cos sin (sin1 x) 7 b
3 3  a = 13, b = 7
3 1  a + b = 13 + 7 = 20
 2x = cos (sin1 x)   x …. (i)
2 2
Let sin1 x =  4 5 16
28. sin1 + sin1 + sin1
 sin  = x 5 13 65
cos  = 1  x 2 4 5
2
5 4 
2

= sin1  1     1   
 cos (sin1 x) = 1  x 2 ….(ii) 5  13  13  5  

From (i) and (ii), we get 16
3 1 + sin1
2x =  1  x2  x 65
2 2
 4 12 5 3  16
= sin1      + sin1
 4x = 3 1 x  x
2
 5 13 13 5  65
 5x = 3 1  x 2  48  15  1  16 
= sin1   + sin  
 25x2 = 3  3x2 (squaring both sides)  65   65 
 28x2 = 3  63   16 
3 = sin1   + sin1  
 x2 =  65   65 
28
 2 
 1   63   + sin1  
3 1 3 1 3 1 16
 x= =  = = cos
28 4 7 2 7   65    65 
 
(From the given relation it can be seen that x is  16   16 
positive) = cos1   + sin1  
 65   65 
 33  1    
27. L.H.S. = sin1  sin  + cos  cos  =
 7   7  2
 13  1  19 
+ tan1   tan  + cot   cot  29. 2 = 1.414
 8   8 
 2 2  1 = 2  1.414  1 = 2.828  1 = 1.828
  2       
= sin1 sin  5    + cos
1
 cos    7    2 21> 3 ….[ 3  1.732 ]
  7    
    
+ tan1   tan     
 tan1 (2 2  1) > tan1  3
  8 
….[ tan1 x is an increasing function]
    
+ cot1   cot      
  8   2 tan1 (2 2  1) > 2 
3
 2  1  3  
= sin1  sin   cos   cos   A> ….(i)
 7   7  3
      sin 3  = 3 sin   4 sin3 
+ tan1  tan  + cot1  cot 
 8   8   3 = sin1 (3 sin   4 sin3 )
267
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)
1 Let A = tan1 x, B = tan1 y, C = tan1 z
Put sin  =
3 tan  A  B   tan C
 tan (A + B + C) =
1 1  tan (A  B) tan C
  = sin1  
 3 tan A + tan B
 tan C
 1 1  tan A tan B
1 
3
1 =
 3 sin1   = sin1 3   4    tan A  tan B
1  tan C
 3  3  3  
1  tan A tan B
 4  tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C
= sin1 1   =
 27  1  tan A tan B  tan B tan C  tan C tan A
 23   tan (A + B + C) = 0
= sin1   = sin1 (0.852)
 27   tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
 tan (tan1 x) + tan(tan1 y) + tan(tan1z)
3 1.732
 = 0.866, 0.852 < 0.866 = tan(tan1 x) tan(tan1 y) tan(tan1 z)
2 2
 x + y + z = xyz
 sin1 (0.852) < sin1 (0.866)

….[ sin1 x is also an increasing function]  1  9 9  

31. cos1   cos  sin  
 2 10 10  
 3
1 1 1     9  9 
 3 sin   < sin  2  = cos1 cos cos  sin sin 
 3  4 10 4 10 

1     9  
 3 sin1   < ....(ii) = cos1  cos   
 3 3   4 10  
 3   5  18  
3 = cos1 cos 
sin1   = sin1 (0.6) < sin1  2  
5     20  
  23  
1 3  = cos1  cos  
 sin   < ….(iii)   20  
5 3
  23  
From (ii) and (iii), we get = cos1  cos  2  
  20  
1 3   
B = 3 sin1   + sin1   < + =   17    17
 3 5 3 3 3 = cos1 cos    and 0 ≤ ≤
  20   20
 17
 B< ….(iv) =
3 20
From (i) and (iv), A > B 17
 Principal value is .
20

30. cot1 x + cot1 y + cot1 z =  23 
2 32. tan1 2 + tan1 3 =  + tan1  
1 23 
   
  tan1 x +  tan1 y +  tan1 z = ….[ 2  3 > 1]
2 2 2 2
=  + tan1 (1)
 tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z = 
=   tan1 1
 tan (tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z) = tan  = 0  tan1 1 + tan1 2 + tan1 3 = 
268
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
1 1 2
33. tan1 + tan1 = tan1 2
1  2x 4x  1 x
 1 1 
   2
 tan1  1  2 x 4 x  1  = tan1 2
1 1  1  x
 1  2x 4x  1 
4x  1  2x  1 2
 = 2
1  2 x  4 x  1  1 x
6x  2 2
 = 2
4 x  8x  1  2 x  1 x
2

 x2 (6x + 2) = 2(8x2 + 6x)

 6x3 + 2x2 – 16x2  12x = 0
 6x3  14x2  12x = 0
 3x3  7x2  6x = 0
 x(3x2  7x  6) = 0
 x(x  3) (3x + 2) = 0
2
 x = 0, 3, 
3
But x > 0,  x=3
1 
34. cot1 x + sin1 =
5 4
1
1 5 
 tan1 + tan1 =
x 1 4
1
5
 x 
….  sin 1 x  tan 1 
 1  x2 
1 1 
 tan1  tan 1 
x 2 4
 1 1 
1
 x2  
 tan   =
1 1  1  4
 x 2
2 x 
 = tan = 1
2x 1 4
 2 + x = 2x – 1
 x=3

269
 Textbook
Chapter No.

04 Pair of Straight Lines

Hints

8. Equation of straight lines parallel to

Classical Thinking ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 and passing through point
1. Joint equation of pair of lines having slopes (x1, y1) is found by shifting the origin to (x1, y1)
m1 and m2 and passing through the origin is  The required equation is
y2  (m1 + m2)xy + m1m2 x2 = 0 a(x – x1)2 + 2h(x – x1)(y – y1) + b(y – y1)2 = 0
 3x2  4xy + y2 = 0 9. L1 = x2 – y2 = 0 represents pair of straight lines
Alternate method: passing through the origin
Equations of the lines are y = x and y = 3x To find equation of pair of straight lines
respectively. parallel to L1 and passing through (3, 4), shift
i.e. y – x = 0 and y – 3x = 0 the origin to (3, 4)
 (x  3)2 + (y  4)2 = 0
 the combined equation of the pair of lines is
 x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 25 = 0
(y – x)(y – 3x) = 0
 y2 – 3xy – xy + 3x2 = 0  3x2  4xy + y2 = 0 10. L1: ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
Equation of any line passing through origin
2. The required equation is and perpendicular to L1 is given by
8 bx2  2hxy + ay2 = 0
y2    xy  x2 = 0 ….(interchanging coefficients of x2 and y2 and
3
change of sign for xy term)
 3x2 + 8xy  3y2 = 0
 The required equation is ay2  2hxy + bx2 = 0
3. The required equation is 11. The required equation is
3 3x2 + 7xy + 5y2 = 0
y2 – xy – x2 = 0 i.e. 3x2 – 7xy – 5y2 = 0
2
 2x2 + 3xy – 2y2 = 0 12. Comparing given equation with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get
4. x2 + xy  12y2 = 0 1
 x2 + 4xy  3xy  12y2 = 0 h= and b = 6
2
 x(x + 4y)  3y(x + 4y) = 0 2h
 (x  3y)(x + 4y) = 0  Sum of slopes = m1 + m2 =
b
 x  3y = 0 and x + 4y = 0
 1 
2  
5. It is a homogeneous equation of degree 2 in x
=  2   1
and y. 6 6
 Correct option is (C). 13. Given equation of pair of lines is
6. 2 2
3x  10xy  8y = 0 ax2 + 10xy + y2 = 0
 A = a, H = 5, B = 1
 3x2  12xy + 2xy  8y2 = 0
Let the slopes of the lines given by
 3x(x  4y) + 2y(x  4y) = 0 be m1 and m2
 (3x + 2y)(x  4y) = 0 2H A
 3x + 2y = 0 and x – 4y = 0 m1 + m2 = and m1m2 =
B B
7. 6x2  5xy + y2 = 0 Given that m2 = 4m1
 6x2  3xy  2xy + y2 = 0 2H
 m1 + 4m1 = = –10  m1 = –2
 3x(2x  y)  y(2x  y) = 0 B
 (2x  y)(3x  y) = 0 A
and m1  4m1 = = a  4m12 = a  a = 16
 3x  y = 0 and 2x  y = 0 B
270
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
11. 18.
p q q q  p pq pq qp (~p  ~q)
T T F T T T T p q r ~p ~ q ~p ~q qr
 (q  r)
T F T T F F T T T T F F F T F
F T F F F T F T T F F F F F F
F F T T T T T T F T F T F F F
T F F F T F F F
Alternate Method: F T T T F F T F
~ q  p: F F T F T F F F F
 ~ q is F, p is F F F T T T T F F
i.e., q is T, p is F F F F T T T F F
 pqFTT  Given statement is contradiction.
12. p: Seema solves a problem 19. Consider option (C)
q: She is happy
p q q pq (pq) pq (pq)(pq)
i. pq ii. p  q
T T F T F F T
iii. q  p iv. q  p
T F T F T T T
(i) and (iii) have the same meaning,
F T F T F F T
(ii) and (iv) have the same meaning.
F F T T F F T
13. i. br  option (C) is correct.
ii. b  r 20. consider option (B)
iii. r  b
P q ~ q p  ~q p  q (p  ~ q)  (p  q)
iv. r  b
T T F F T F
(i) and (iv) are the same and (ii) and (iii) are
T F T T F F
the same.
F T F F T F
14. p  (p  q) F F T F T F
 p  (~p  q) ….[Conditional law]  option (B) is correct.
 (p  ~p)  (p  q) ….[Distributive law] 21. Consider option (B)
 F  (p  q) ….[Complement law]
p q p q pq p q (pq)(pq)
pq ….[Identity law]
T T F F T T T
15. ~[p  (p  ~q)]  ~[~p  (p  ~q)] T F F T F T F
....[ p  q  ~p  q] F T T F F F T
F F T T F T F
 p  ~[p  (~q)]
 option (B) is correct.
 p  [~p  ~(~q)]
 p  (~p  q) 22. Since, x = 4, 5, 7, 9 satisfies x + 1  10
 option (B) is correct.
16. (q)  (p) is contrapositive of p  q and
hence both are logically equivalent of each 23. Option (A) is the true statement since square
other. of every natural number is positive.
24. Option (C) is false, since for every natural
17.
number the statement x  1  0 is always true.
p ~p ~(~p) ~(~p)  p
25. Dual of (p  q)  s is (p  q)  s.
T F T T
F T F T 27. Negation of (p  q)  (q  r) is
[(p  q)  (q  r)]
All the entries in the last column of the above  (p  q)  (q  r)
truth table is T.  (p  q)  [(q)  r]
 ~(~p)  p is a tautology.  (p  q)  (q  r)
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
23. Given equation of pair of lines is 29. Given equation of pair of lines is
3x2 + 18xy + by2 = 0 4x2 + hxy + y2 = 0
 a = 3, h = 9, b = b The lines are coincident
Now  =   tan = 0   H2 = AB
2 81  3b h2
 tan  =  = 4(1)
3 b 4
h=4
2 81  3b
0= 30. Given equation of pair of lines is
3 b
x2 + xy + y2 = 0
 81 = 3b  b = 27
1
 a = 1, h = , b = 1
24. Given equation of pair of lines is 2
3x2 + 10xy + 8y2 = 0 -3
 a = 3, h = 5, b = 8 Here, h2  ab = <0
4
Now  = tan1(p)  tan  = p
Hence, the lines are imaginary.
2 25  24
 tan  = 31. Given equation of pair of lines is
11
y2 + (1 – 2)xy – x2 = 0
2 2  a = – , b = 
p= =
11 11 Now a + b = 0
 the lines are perpendicular
25. Given equation of pair of lines is
3x2 +2hxy + y2 = 0  Angle between the lines is 90.
 a = 3, h = h, b = 1 32. Given equation of pair of lines is
The two lines are real and coincident if xy = 0
h2  ab = 0 1
 h2 – ab = h2  3  a = 0, h = ,b=0
2
for these lines to be real and coincident, Now, a + b = 0
h 2  3  0  h2  3  the lines are perpendicular to each other.
26. Given equation of pair of lines is  angle between the pair of line is 90.
9x2  12xy + 4y2 = 0 33. The condition for a pair of straight lines to be
a = 9, h = 6, b = 4 perpendicular is a + b = 0.
Now, h2  ab = (6)2  9  4 = 0 Consider the equation 2x2 = 2y(2x + y)
 The lines are coincident. i.e. 2x2  4xy  2y2 = 0
27. The condition for a pair of straight lines to be  a = 2, b = 2
real and coincident is h2 – ab = 0  a + b = 2 + (2) = 0
Consider the equation 4x2 – 4xy + y2 = 0  Correct option is (A).
 a = 4 , h = 2, b = 1
h2  ab = (2)2  (4)(1) = 0 34. It is a homogeneous equation of degree 2 in x
 Correct option is (A). and y
Hence, it represents a pair of lines and
28. Given equation of pair of lines is a+b=0
6x2 + hxy + 12y2 = 0  lines are perpendicular
h
 A = 6, H = , B = 12 35. Given equation of pair of lines is
2
Since lines are parallel, 3y2 + 9xy + kx2 = 0
i.e. kx2 + 9xy + 3y2 = 0
 H2 – AB = 0
 a = k, b = 3
h2
 = 6(12)  h2 = (24)(12) The lines are perpendicular
4
 a+b=0
 h =  12 2  k + 3 = 0  k = 3
272
 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
36. Given equation of pair of lines is 40. Given equation of pair of lines is
a2x2 + bcy2 = a (b + c) xy x2 – y2 – x – y – 2 = 0
 A = a2, B = bc  1
Since the lines are mutually perpendicular,  a = 1, b = –1, c = –2, f = ,g= ,h=0
2 2
 A+B=0
 a2 + bc = 0 Now, abc + 2fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0
2 1 2 9
37. Consider 2x2 + 3xy  2y2 + 5x + 5y + 3 = 0  2– + =0 =
Comparing the given equation with 4 4 4 4
2
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get  =9
5 5 3 =3
a = 2, b = 2, c = 3, f = , g = , h =
2 2 2
41. Given equation of pair of lines is
Condition for equation to represent pair of
lines is abc + 2fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0 3x2 + 2hxy  3y2  40x + 30y  75 = 0
5 5 3  A = 3, B = 3, C = 75, F = 15, G = 20, H = h
 2(2)(3) + 2       Now ABC + 2FGH  AF2  BG2  CH2 = 0
2 2 2
2 2 2  (3)(3)(75) + 2(15)(20)(h)
5 5 3 3(15)2  (3)(20)2  (75)h2 = 0
 2    (2)    3  
2 2 2  675  600h  675 + 1200 + 75h2 = 0
75 50 50 27  h2  8h + 16 = 0
= 12 +  +  =0
4 4 4 4  (h  4)2 = 0
 Condition is satisfied  h = 4,4
 Correct answer is option (A).
38. Given equation of pair of lines is 42. Given equation of pair of lines is
y2 + xy + px2  x 2y = 0 2x2 – 10xy + 12y2 + 5x – 16y – 3 = 0
1 1 5
 a = p, b = 1, c = 0, f = –1, g = ,h=  a = 2, b = 12, c = –3, f = –8, g = , h = 5
2 2 2
The given equation represents pair of straight Equation of perpendicular drawn from origin
lines if on ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
abc + 2fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0 bx2  2hxy + ay2 = 0
 1   1   12x2 + 10xy + 2y2 = 0
 p(1)(0)  2(1)      p(1)2
 2  2  i.e., 6x2 + 5xy + y2 = 0
2
 1  43. Given equation of pair of lines is
1    0 = 0
 2  2x2  5xy + 3y2 + 8x  9y + 6 = 0
1 1 1 9 5
 p =0p=  a = 2, b = 3, c = 6, f = – , g = 4, h =
2 4 4 2 2
The point of intersection is given by
39. Given equation of pair of lines is
6x2 + 11xy  10y2 + x + 31y + k = 0  hf  bg gh  af 
 , 2 
 ab  h ab  h 
2
31 1 11
 a = 6, b = 10, c = k, f = , g = , h =
2 2 2   5  9   5   9  
Now, abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0      3(4) 4    2   
2 2 2 2
2 2      2 ,    2    (3, 4)
 31  1  11   31  1  5 5 
 6(10)k + 2      6    10    2(3)    2(3)    
 2  2  2  2 2  2 2 
2
 11 
 k  = 0 44. Given equation of pair of lines is
2 3x2 + 10xy + 3y2 – 15x – 21y + 18 = 0
361 5415 21 15
 k = k = 15 a = 3, b = 3, c = 18, f = ,g= ,h=5
4 4 2 2
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
The point of intersection is Since the equation represents a pair of lines
  21   15   15   21    abc + 2fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0
 (5)  2   (3)  2   2  (5)  (3)  2    9q  56 + 3  147  16q = 0
    ,   
 (3)(3)  (5) 2 (3)(3)  (5)2   25q  200 = 0  q = 8
 
  52. Given equation of pair of lines is
 15 3  ax2 + 6xy + by2 – 10x + 10y – 6 = 0
  , 
 8 8 A = a, B = b, C= 6, F = 5, G = 5, H = 3
The lines are perpendicular
45. Given equation of pair of lines is
6x2 – xy – 12y2 – 8x + 29y – 14 = 0  a + b = 0  a = b
1 Also these lines satisfy the condition
a = 6, b = 12, h = ABC + 2FGH  AF2  BG2  CH2 = 0
2
 6a2 + 2(75)  25a + 25a + 54 = 0
2 h 2  ab 17  17 
 tan  = =   = tan 1    6a2  96 = 0  a2  16 = 0  a =  4
ab 6  6 

46. Given equation of pair of lines is

Critical Thinking
x2 + 2 3 xy + 3y2  3x  3 3 y  4 = 0 1. The lines passing through origin and parallel
 a = 1, h = 3 , b = 3 to the given lines are y = m1x and y = m2x,
 the combined equation is
 3   (1) (3) = 0
2
Now, h2  ab = (y  m1x)(y  m2x) = 0
 the lines are parallel.  m1m2x2  (m1 + m2)xy + y2 = 0
47. Given equation of pair of lines is 2. Given line 2x  y = 0  Slope = 2
4x2 + 2pxy + 25y2 + 2x + 5y – 1 = 0 Let the slope of required line be m
 a = 4, b = 25, h = p m2
The lines are parallel  tan 30 =
1  2m
 h2  ab = 0  h2 = ab
 p2 = 4(25) = 100 1 m2
 =
 p = 10 3 1  2m
2
48. Given equation of pair of lines is  m + 16m  11 = 0 ….(i)
3y2 – 8xy – 3x2 – 29x + 3y – 18 = 0 Since, the line passes through origin, its
equation is
 a = –3, b = 3
Now, a + b = –3 + 3 = 0, y
y = mx  m =
 The lines are perpendicular to each other. x
49. Given equation of pair of lines is Substituting of m in equation (i), we get
2
x2  y2  2y  1 = 0  y  y
 a = 1, b = 1   + 16    11 = 0
 x  x
Now, a + b = 1 + (1) = 0
 11x  16xy  y2 = 0
2
 The lines are perpendicular to each other.
50. Given equation of pair of lines is 3. From the diagram, the required lines are
3xy  4y = 0 x
y = i.e., 3 y  x = 0
 a=b=0 3 x=2
Now a + b = 0 and
 The lines are perpendicular to each other. x
y= i.e., 3 y + x = 0 30
51. Given equation of pair of lines is 3 30
px2  8xy + 3y2 + 14x + 2y + q = 0  Combined equation is
a = p, b = 3, c = q, f = 1, g = 7, h = 4
This lines are perpendicular if a + b = 0 ( 3 y  x)( 3 y + x) = 0
 p + 3 = 0  p = 3 i.e., 3y2  x2 = 0
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 Chapter 01: Mathematical Logic
34. Consider option (C) 45. ~(p  q)  (~p)  (~q)
p q q  p ~p ~p q (q p)  (~p q) i.e.,7 is greater than 4 and Paris is not in
T T T F F T France.
T F T F T T 46. ~[~s  (~r  s)]
F T F T T T
 ~(~s)  ~(~r  s) ....[De Morgan’s Law]
F F T T F T
 s  (r  ~s)
35. p  q is logically equivalent to q  p
 (s  r)  (s  ~s) ....[Distributive property]
 (p  q)  (q  p) is tautology
But, it is given contradiction.  (s  r)  F ....[Complement law]
Hence, it is false statement. sr ....[Identity law]
36. 47. pq  ~ pq
1 2 3 4 5 6
 ~ (p  q)  p  ~ q
p q q p  q ~(p  ~q) pq
T T F F T T 48. Since, p  q  p  q
T F T T F F
 p  q  p  q
F T F T F F
F F T F T T  (p  q)  (p  q)
 p  q
The entries in the columns 5 and 6 are
identical. 49. [p  (p  q)]  p   (p  q)
 ~(p  ~q)  p  q  p  (p  q)
37.  (p  p)  ~ q
p q ~p pq ~pq (~p  q) (p  q)   p  q
 q [(~p  q) q] 50. Since, p  q  p  q
T T F T T T T
 ~[(p  q)  (~p  r)]
T F F F T F T
F T T T T T T  ~[~(p  q)  (~p  r)]
F F T T F T T  ~[(~p  ~q)  (~p  r)]
 ~(~p  ~q)  ~(~p  r)
38. Option (C) is the correct answer since there
exists a real number x = 0, such that x2 = 0.  (p  q)  (p  ~r)
Zero is neither positive nor negative. 52. Let p : 2 is prime, q : 3 is odd
 Symbolic form p  q
39. Dual of ~p  (q  c) = ~p  (q  t)
 ~(p  q)  p  ~q
40. Negation of q  (p  r) is i.e., 2 is prime and 3 is not odd.
[q  (p  r)]  q  ((p  r))
 q  (p  r) 53. p: Hema gets admission in good college.
q: Hema gets above 95% marks.
41. ~[(p  ~q)  q]  ~(p  ~q)  ~q  Statement is p  q
….[De Morgan’s Law]
~ (p  q)  p   q
 (~p)  [~(~q)]  ~q
 (~p  q)  ~q 54. Given statement is
42. p : A is rich, q : A is silly  x  S, such that x > 0
 ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q  ~ (  x  S, such that x > 0)
  x  S, x  0
43. ~(p  q)  ~p  ~q
i.e., Every rational number x  S satisfies x  0.
44. p: 72 is divisible by 2.
q: 72 is divisible by 3. 55. The current will flow through the circuit if p,
 Statement is p  q q, r are closed or p, q, r are closed.
 (p  q)   p   q  option (C) is the correct answer.
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
But for a = 1 the two pair have both the lines 19. Let the gradient of one line be m.
common.  the gradient of second line is 2m
So a = –3 and the slope m of the line common We know,
to both the pairs is 1. 2h
Now x2 + 2xy + ay2 = x2 + 2xy – 3y2 m + 2m =
b
= (x – y)(x + 3y)
2h 2h
and ax + 2xy + y = –3x2 + 2xy + y2
2 2
 3m = m= ….(i)
= –(x – y)(3x + y) b 3b
Thus, required equation is (x + 3y)(3x + y) = 0 a a
Also, m  2m =  2m2 = ….(ii)
i.e., 3x2 + 10xy + 3y2 = 0 b b
16. The equation of given lines are  from (i) and (ii), we get
2
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 ….(i)  2h  a 8h 2 a 8h 2
2 2 2  =  =  ab =
ax + 2hxy + by = 0 ….(ii)  3b  b 9b 2 b 9
Let the line common to both be y = mx.
It will satisfy both the above equations. 20. Given equation of pair of lines is
Hence, a + 2mh + bm2 = 0 ….(iii) ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
and a + 2mh + bm2 = 0 ….(iv) given that m2 = m1
Now eliminating ‘m’ from the equations (iii) 2h
Now, m1 + m2 = m1 + m1 =
and (iv), we get b
m2 m 1 2h
= =  m1 = ....(i)
2ha   2h a ba  ba 2bh  2bh b(1   )
ha  ha a a
 m2 = ....(v) m1.m2 = m1.m1 =  m1 = ….(ii)
bh  bh b b
(ab  ba ) 2  from (i) and (ii), we get
and m2 = ....(vi)
4(bh   bh) 2 a 2h
=
From (v) and (vi), we get the required b b(1   )
condition. Squaring both sides, we get
17. Given equation of pair of lines 4h2 = ab(1 + )2
x2  2xy tan A  y2 = 0 21. Given equation of pair of lines is
 a = 1, h =  tan A, b = 1 ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
2h 2 tan A Given that, m1 = m2
2
m1 + m2 =  4=
b 1 2 a
 tan A = 2 m1 m2 = m2 m2 =
b
 A = tan1(2) 1
 a 3
18. Given equation of pair of lines is  m2 =  
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 b
Given that m1 = 5m2 2 2h
Also, m1 + m2 = m2 + m2 =
2h b
 m1 + m2 = 5m2 + m2 = 2
b  1
 1
 a  3   a 3 2h
h h 2
    +   =
 m2 =  m 22  2 ....(i)  b   b b
3b 9b
a Cubing both sides, we get
m1m2 = (5m2)m2 =
b 2
2 1
 2 1

a a  a  3  a  3  a  3.  a  3 
a     3   .   .      
 m 22  ....(ii) b b  b   b   b  b 
5b  
 From (i) and (ii), we get 8h 3
= 3
5h2 = 9ab b
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 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
2
 a  a 6ah 8h
3
 4 tan 2 
    2 = b3 =  4(sec2  cosec2  1)
b b b sin 
4

 1 2

  a  3  a  3 2h  = 4sec2  cosec 2   4sec2  cosec 2   4
….        
  b   b  b 
 =2
3
 ab(a + b)  6abh + 8h = 0 25. Given equation of pair of lines
22. Given equation of pair of lines is (tan2  + cos2 )x2 – 2xy tan  + sin2  y2 = 0
2x2 – 5xy + 3y2 = 0 a = tan2  + cos2 , h =  tan , b = sin2 
5 If 1 and 2 are the angles made by lines with
 a = 2, h = ,b=3
2 X-axis, then tan 1 = m1 and tan 2 = m2
5 2 2 tan 
 m1 + m2 = and m1.m2 = ….(i) Now, m1 + m2 = = 2sec  cosec 
6 3 sin 2 
1 1 tan 2   cos 2 
Slopes of lines = and m1m2 = = sec2  + cot2 
m1 m2 sin 
2

 Required equation of pair of lines is

 m1  m2 = 4 sec 2 a cosec 2 a – 4(sec 2 a  cot 2 a)
 1 1  1
y2     xy + x2 = 0 = 4sec 2 a (cosec 2 a – 1) – 4cot 2 a
 m1 m2  m1m2
2  m  m2  1 = 4cot 2 a (sec 2 a  1)
y   1  xy + x2 = 0
 m1m 2  m1m 2 = 4cot 2  tan 2 
 5  =2
  1
 y2   6  xy + x2 = 0 26. The equation of one of the lines passing
2
   2 
  through origin is y = mx.
 3   3
2 2 The line makes an angle  with the line y = x
 2y  5xy + 3x = 0
 m1  m 2  (m  1)
23. Let the angle made by one of the lines with  tan  =   = 
X-axis =  1  m1m 2  1 m
 The angle made by other line with Y-axis =   (1 + m)2 tan2  = (m  1)2
 m1 = tan , 1  tan 2  
m2 = tan (90  ) = cot   m2  2m   +1=0
1  tan  
2

a
 m1m2 = = 1  m2  2m sec 2 + 1 = 0
b
a  1  tan 2  
 =1a=b ….   sec 2 
 1  tan 
2
b 
24. Given equation of pair of lines is y
But m =
x2(sec2  – sin2 ) – 2xy tan  + y2 sin2  = 0 x
 a = sec2   sin2 , h =  tan , b = sin2  On eliminating m, we get
2 tan  y2 – 2xy sec 2 + x2 = 0.
Now, m1 + m2 = ,
sin 2  27. Let the equation of one of the line which
sec 2   sin 2  bisects the angle between the co-ordinate axes
m1 m 2 =
sin 2  be y = x
 m1 – m2 = (m1  m2 )2  4m1m2  m1 = tan 45o = 1
Let m2 be the slope of the other line.
2
 2 tan    sec 2   sin 2   a
=    4   Now, m1m2 =
 sin   sin 2 
2
  b
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
a 31. Given equation of pair of lines is
Since m1 = 1, we get m2 = ;
b ax2  bxy  y2 = 0
2h b
Also, m1 + m2 =  A = a, H = , B = –1
b 2
a 2h Since lines make angles  and  with X-axis,
1+ =
b b  m1 = tan and m2 = tan
 a + b = –2h b
28. Let the equation of one of the lines be y = x Now, m1 + m2 =  tan  + tan  = b
1
 m1 = tan 45 = 1
a
a and m1m2 =  tan  tan  = a
Now, m1m2 = 1
c
tan   tan 
a We know, tan ( + ) =
Since m1 = 1, we get m2 = 1  tan  tan 
c
b b b
Also, m1 + m2 = = =
c 1  (a) 1  a
a b
 1+ = 32. Given equation of pair of lines is
c c
abc ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
 =0  A = a, H = h, B = b
c
a+b+c=0  2 H 2  AB 
29. Let the equation of one of the angle bisector of tan  =  
 AB 
co-ordinate axes be x + y = 0  m1 = 1  
a  4h 2  4ab 
Now, m1m2 = = 
b  ab 
 
a
 m2 =   3a 2  3b 2  10ab  4ab 
b = 
 ab 
2h  
Also, m1 + m2 =
b ….[3a2 + 3b2 + 10ab = 4h2]
a 2h
 1 =  (a + b)2 = 4h2  3(a  b)2 
b b  tan  =  
30. The line makes angles  and  with X-axis  ab 
 
 m1 = tan  and m2 = tan 
 cot  =
1
and cot  =
1   = tan1  3
m1 m2 = 60
Given equation of pair of lines is
33. Given equation of pair of lines is
2x2  3xy + y2 = 0 x2 – 2pxy + y2 = 0
3  a = 1, h = p , b = 1
 a  2,h  ,b  1
2
2 h 2  ab
Now, m1 + m2 = 3 and m1m2 = 2  tan  =
m 2  m 22 ab
1 1
 cot2  + cot2  = 2  2 = 1
m1 m 2 (m1 m 2 ) 2  2 p2  1
 tan  = =  p2  1
(m1  m 2 )  2m1m 2
2
11
=
(m1m 2 ) 2  tan2 = p2 – 1
(3) 2  2(2) 5  sec2  1 = p2 – 1
= =
(2) 2
4   = sec1 p
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 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
34. Given equation of pair of lines is Squaring both sides, we get
(x2 + y2) sin + 2xy = 0 4  25(h2  ab) = (a + b)2
 a = b = sin , h = 1 100(h2  ab) = (a + b)2
 2 1  sin 2   Comparing with given condition,
 tan =   k(h2  ab) = (a + b)2, we get
 2 sin  
  k = 100
 cos  
  = tan1  1
 = tan (cot) 38. Comparing the given equations with
 sin   ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
    7
  = tan1  tan      =   a1 = 3, h1 = , b1 = 4
 2  2 2
35. Given equation of pair of lines is 5
a2 = 6, h2 = , b2 = 1
ax2 + xy + by2 = 0 2
1 If 1 and 2 are acute angles between the two
 A = a, H = ,B=b
2 pairs of lines, then
Now,  = 45  tan  = 1  49 
2  12 
1
2  ab tan 1 = 
4 = 1
 tan 45 = 4  3 4  7
ab  
 
 (a + b)2 = (1  4ab)
1
 a2 + b2 + 6ab  1 = 0  1 = tan1  
The above equation is satisfied by 7
a = 1 and b =  6  25 
2 6   1 
36. Given equation of pair of lines is tan 2 =  4 =  
k  6 1   7 
 a =  tan2 A, h = , b = 1  
2  
1
2 h 2  ab  2 = tan1  
 tan 2A = 7
ab
Hence, 1 = 2.
k2
2  tan 2 A 39. Given equation of pair of lines is
4
tan 2A = a2x2 + bcy2 = a(b + c)xy
1  tan 2 A
a(b  c)
k2  A = a2, H = , B = bc
2  tan 2 A 2
2 tan A 4
 = Since the lines are coincident
1  tan 2 A 1  tan 2 A  H2  AB = 0
k2 2
 + tan2 A = tan2 A  k = 0  a(b  c)  2
4     a (bc) = 0
 2 
37. Here, a1 = a, h1 = h, b1 = b, 2 2
5  a (b  c) = 0
a2 = 2, h2 = , b2 = 3  a = 0 or b = c
2
Given that 1 = 2 40. Given equation of pair of lines is
 tan 1 = tan 2 (p  q)x2 + 2(p + q)xy + (q  p)y2 = 0
2
25
6  a = p  q, h = p + q, b = q  p
2 h 2  ab 4 Since, the lines are mutually perpendicular
 =
ab 5  a+b=0
2 h 2  ab 1  (p  q) + (q  p) = 0
 = The above equation is true for all values of p
ab 5
and q.
279
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
41. Given equation of pair of lines is 45. Given equation of pair of lines is
3ax2 + 5xy + (a2 – 2) y2 = 0 hxy + gx + fy + c = 0
5 f g h
 A = 3a, H = , B = a2 – 2 A = B = 0, C = c, F = , G = , H =
2 2 2 2
2 2 2
Since the lines are perpendicular Now, ABC + 2FGH – AF – BG – CH = 0
2
 A+B=0  f  g  h  h
 0 + 2     – 0 – 0 – c   = 0
 3a + (a2 – 2) = 0  2  2  2  2
 a2 + 3a – 2 = 0 f gh ch 2

Since, the equation is a quadratic equation in   0

4 4
‘a’ and B2 – 4AC > 0,
 fg = ch
The roots of ‘a’ are real and distinct.
 Lines are perpendicular to each other for two 46. Given equation of pair of lines is
values of ‘a’. 2x2 + 5xy + 2y2 + 3x + 3y + 1 = 0
3 3 5
42. Given equation of pair of lines is a = 2, b = 2, c = 1, f = , g = , h =
2 2 2
ay2 + (1  2) xy  ax2 = 0
1   2  25 
2  4
 A = a, H = ,B=a 2 h  ab
2
 4  3
2  tan  = = =
ab 22 4
A + B = (a) + a = 0
 Angle between the given lines is 90. 4 4
 cos  =   = cos1  
Now, consider xy = 0. Here, A = B = 0 5 5
A+B=0
47. Given equation of pair of lines is
 the angle between the lines is 90
x2  3xy + y2 + 3x  5y + 2 = 0
 Correct option is (C). 3
5 3
a = 1, b = , c = 2, f = ,g= ,h=
43. Given equation of pair of lines is 2 2 2
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + 1 = 0 1 1
 = tan1    tan  =
A = 1, B = 1, C = 1, F = f, G = g, H = 0 3 3
The given equation represents a pair of lines
2 h 2  ab
 ABC + 2FGH  AF2  BG2  CH2 = 0 Since, tan  =
ab
 (1)(1)(1) + 2fg(0)  (1)f2  1(g)2  (1)(0)2 = 0
 f2 + g2 = 1  3 
2

2   
1  2 
44. Given equation of pair of lines is  =
ax2 + by2 + cx + cy = 0 3  1
c c  ( + 1) = 9(9  4)  2 + 38  80 = 0
2

 A = a, B = b, C = 0, F = , G = , H = 0  ( + 40)( – 2) = 0   = 40, 2
2 2
Now ABC + 2FGH – AF2 – BG2 – CH2 = 0 48. Given equation of pair of lines is
2 ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
c
 ab(0) + 2     (0)  a  
c c

 2  2  2 =  tan  = 1
2
4
c 2 h 2  ab
 b    0(0)2 = 0  1=
2 ab
 ac2 + bc2 = 0
 4(h2 – ab) = (a + b)2
 c2(a + b) = 0
 4h2 – 4ab = a2 + 2ab + b2
 c(a + b) = 0
 a2 + 6ab + b2 = 4h2
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 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
49. Given equation of pair of lines is 54. Given equation of pair of lines is
x2 – 3xy + y2 + 3x – 5y + 2 = 0 2x2 – 4xy – py2 + 4x + qy + 1 = 0
5 3 3 q
a = 1, b = , c = 2, f = ,g= , h= a = 2, b = – p, c = 1, f = , g = 2, h = 2
2 2 2 2
Now, abc + 2 fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0 The lines are perpendicular,
 5   3   3  25 9  18  a+b=0
2 + 2         – – – =0 2p=0p=2
 2  2  2  4 4 4
The equations represents pair of lines
=2 2
9 q q
2 2  2(2)(1) + 2   (2) (2)  2  
4 1 2 2
tan  = =
1 2 3 + 2(2)2  1(2)2 = 0
 cot  = 3 2
 q  8q = 0  q = 0 or 8
 cosec2  = 1 + cot2  = 1 + 9 = 10
55. Given equation of pair of lines is
50. Given equation of pair of lines is 12x2 + 7xy + by2 + gx + 7y – 1 = 0
9x2 + y2 + 6xy – 4 = 0
7 g 7
 a = 9, b = 1, h = 3  A = 12, B = b, C = –1, F = ,G= ,H=
h2 – ab = 32 – 9(1) = 0 2 2 2
 The lines are parallel The lines are perpendicular
Now, 9x2 + 6xy + y2 = 4  A + B = 0  12 + b = 0  b = 12
 (3x + y)2 = 4  3x + y =  2 Also, ABC + 2FGH – AF2 – BG2 – CH2 = 0
Hence, the lines are parallel and not  7  g  7 
 (12)(12)(1) + 2    
coincident.  2  2  2 
51. Given equation of pair of lines is 2 2 2
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 7 g 7
 (12)    (12)    (1)   = 0
 A = a, B = b, H = h 2 2 2
2
The lines are parallel  12g + 49g + 37 = 0
 H2 = AB  (g + 1)(12g + 37) = 0
 h = ab 37
 g = 1 or 
Now ABC + 2FGH  AF2  BG2  CH2 = 0 12
 abc + 2fg ab  af2  bg2  abc = 0
56. Given equation of pair of lines is
 ( a f  b g)2 = 0  af2 = bg2 12x2 + 7xy – py2 – 18x + qy + 6 = 0
52. Given equation of pair of lines is q 7
x2 + k1y2 + 2k2y = a2 a = 12, b = –p, c = 6, f = , g = –9, h =
2 2
a = 1, b = k1, c =  a2, f = k2, g = 0, h = 0 The lines are be perpendicular
The lines are perpendicular  a + b = 0.
 a + b = 0  k1 = 1
 12 – p = 0  p = 12
Substituting value of k1 in the given equation
of lines, we get Also, abc + 2 fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0
2
x2  y2 + 2k2y  a2 = 0 q 7 q
 12(–12)6 + 2   (– 9)   – 12  
 a2  k 22 = 0  k2 =  a 2 2 2
2
53. (x2 + y2)(h2 + k2  a2) = (hx + ky)2 7
2
 x2(h2 + k2  a2) + y2(h2 + k2  a2) – (–12)(–9) – 6   = 0
2
= h2x2 + k2y2 + 2hkxy
2 2 2 2 2 2 63q 147
 x (k  a ) + y (h  a )  2hkxy = 0  – 864 – – 3q2 + 972 – =0
 A = k2  a2, B = h2  a2 2 2
The lines are perpendicular  23 – 21q – 2q2 = 0
 A+B=0 23
 (q – 1)(2q + 23) = 0  q = 1 or –
 k2  a2 + h2  a2 = 0  h2 + k2 = 2a2 2
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
57. The separate equations of lines represented by Angle between L2 and L3 is
x2  7xy + 6y2 = 0 are  l  3m  l
x – 6y = 0 and x – y = 0    
S2  S3  m  3l  m
Let the 3 points be as shown in figure. 23 = tan–1 = tan1
1  S2S3  l  3m   l 
A(0, 0) 1     
 m  3l   m 
3m 2  3l 2
x – 6y = 0 x–y=0 = tan1 = tan1 ( 3) = 60
G(1,0) m2  l 2
 Angle between the lines L1 and L2 = 60
(x1, y1)B C(x2, y2) Hence, the triangle is equilateral.
0  x1  x2
We know =1 Competitive Thinking
3 Y
2.
 x1 + x2 = 3 ….(i)
and y1 + y2 = 0 ….(ii)
Also, x1 – 6y1 = 0 ….(iii)
x2 – y2 = 0 ….(iv) 150
B A
[Since the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) lie on the
lines AB and AC respectively]
60 60
On solving, we get the co-ordinates of B and
C. 30
X X
 18 3   3 3  O
 B   ,  and C   , 
 5 5  5 5 
Hence, the equation of third side i.e., BC is
3 3 3
y  Y
5 = 5 5 Let OA and OB be the required lines.
18 3 18
x   angles made by OA and OB with X-axis are
5 5 5 30 and 150 respectively.
 2x – 7y – 3 = 0. 1 1
58. The given pair of lines can be separated as:  their equations are y = x and y =  x
3 3
L1 = (l + 3 m)x + (m  3 l )y = 0
i.e., x  3y = 0 and x + 3y = 0
L2 = (l  3 m)x + (m + 3 l )y = 0
 The joint equations of the lines is
and L3 = lx + my + n = 0
 The slopes S1, S2 and S3 of the three lines  x  3 y  x  3 y  = 0  x2  3y2 = 0
respectively are, 3. The lines trisecting the first quadrant are as
(l  3m) (l  3m) l shown in the figure.
S1 = , S2 = , S3 = Y
y= 3 x
(m  3l ) (m  3l ) m
Angle between L1 and L3 is
S S 1
13 = tan–1 1 3 y= x
1  S1S3 3

 l  3m  l 60
  30
O X
= tan1  m  3l  m  The joint equation of the lines is
 l  3m   l   1 
1    y 
x  y  3x = 0 
 m  3l   m   3 

 3m 2  3l 2   3y  x  y  3x = 0
= tan1
l m
2 2
 tan 1  3  = 60  3x 2  4 xy + 3 y 2 = 0

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 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
4. Y  x2  4x + 4 + y2 = 16 + x2 + 4x + 4 + y2
 x  2
2
135 xy2=0 8  y2

 x  2
2
y=3 45 x2  y2
(5,3)
Again squaring both sides, we get
x+y8=0
(x + 2)2 = (x + 2)2 + y2
 y2 = 0
O x=5 X
This is an equation of pair of two coincident
The equations of bisectors are, straight lines.
y  3 = (1)(x  5) and y  3 = (1)(x  5)
8. The required lines are parallel to
 x  y  2 = 0 and x + y  8 = 0
x2  4xy + 3y2 = 0, which pass through (3, 2).
 The joint equation of the bisectors is
 the combined equation of lines is
(x  y  2)(x + y  8) = 0
(x  3)2  4(x  3)(y + 2) + 3(y + 2)2 = 0
 x2  y2  10x + 6y + 16 = 0
 x2  6x + 9  4(xy + 2x  3y  6)
5. Slope of QR = –2. + 3(y2 + 4y + 4) = 0
P(2, 1)
Slope of PQ = m1  x2  6x + 9  4xy  8x + 12y + 24 + 3y2
m1  2 + 12y + 12 = 0
 tan 45  2 2
 x  4xy + 3y  14x + 24y + 45 = 0
1  m1 (2)
45 45
Q R 9. The required equation is 2x2  3xy + 5y2 = 0
m 2 2x+y = 3
 1 1 i.e., 2x2 + 3xy  5y2 = 0
1  2m1
1 10. Given equation of pair of lines is
 m1 =  4xy + 2x + 6y + 3 = 0
3
 2x(2y + 1) + 3(2y + 1) = 0
 Equation of PQ passing through point P (2, 1)
 (2y + 1)(2x + 3) = 0
and having slope m1 is
 Separate equations of lines are 2x + 3 = 0 and
1
y  1   ( x  2) 2y + 1 = 0
3 3 1
 3(y  1) + (x  2) = 0 ….(i) i.e. x = and y =
2 2
Slope of PR = m2 = 3 …. [PQ  PR] The equation of line passing through (2, 1) and
 equation of PR is 3
y – 1 = 3(x – 2) perpendicular to x = is y = 1 i.e. y – 1 = 0
2
 (y  1)  3(x  2) = 0 ….(ii) The equation of line passing through (2, 1) and
 The joint equation of the lines is 1
[3(y – 1) + (x – 2)][(y – 1) – 3(x – 2)] = 0 perpendicular to y = is x = 2 i.e. x – 2 = 0
2
 3(y – 1)2 – 8(y – 1)(x – 2) – 3(x – 2)2 = 0
 Combined equation of pair of lines is
 3(x2 – 4x + 4) + 8(xy – x – 2y + 2) (x – 2)(y – 1) = 0
– 3(y2 – 2y + 1) = 0
 xy – x – 2y + 2 = 0
 3x2 – 3y2 + 8xy – 20x – 10y + 25 = 0
11. OD is the median
6. x2  7xy + 12y2 = 0
1 3 2  4 
(x  3y)(x  4y) = 0  D  , 
Hence, the lines are intersecting and  2 2 
non-perpendicular.  D  (2, 3) O(0, 0)

7. ( x  2)2  y 2 + ( x  2)2  y 2 = 4
i.e. ( x  2)2  y 2  4  ( x  2)2  y 2
Squaring both sides, we get
(x 2)2 + y2 = 168 ( x  2)  y 2 +(x +2)2 + y2 B(3, 4)
A(1, 2) E D
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Equation of OD is y = mx 2 1
Substituting x = ,y= in above equation,
3 5 5
 y = x  3x  2y = 0 we get
2
2 c1 = 1
Slope of line AB = = 1  equation of AD becomes 2x – y + 1 = 0
2 Similarly equation of side DC is x + 2y + c2 = 0
Given, OE  AB i.e., x + 2y + 1 = 0
 Slope of OE = 1
 3 1 
Equation of OE is y = mx  D , 
 5 5 
 y = x  x + y = 0
Now, equation of diagonal BD is
 Joint equation of median and altitude is
1
(3x  2y) (x + y) = 0 0 
y–0= 5 (x – 0)
 3x2 + xy  2y2 = 0 3
0 
5
12. We have, x2  5x + 6 = 0 and y2  6y + 5 = 0
3 1
 (x  3)(x  2) = 0 and (y  1)(y  5) = 0  y = x
5 5
 One pair of opposite sides of parallelogram is
 x – 3y = 0
x  3 = 0 and x  2 = 0 and the other pair is
y  1 = 0 and y  5 = 0 14. Substituting the value of y in the equation
 The vertices of the parallelogram are as shown ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
in the figure below. ax2 + 2hx(mx) + b(mx)2 = 0
x–3=0  a + 2hm + bm2 = 0
D(3, 1) C(3, 5)
15. One of the lines is 3x + 4y = 0
y–1=0 y – 5= 0 y 3
d2 i.e.,  
d1 x 4
A(2, 1)
x–2=0
B(2, 5) The given joint equation is 6x2  xy + 4cy2 = 0
2
 equation of diagonal d1 is  y  y
 4c       6 = 0 ….(i)
5 1  x  x
y–1= ( x  2) y
3 2 Substituting value of in equation (i), we get
 y – 1 = 4(x – 2)  y = 4x – 7 x
and equation of diagonal d2 is 2
 3   3 
5 1 4c       + 6 = 0
y–1= ( x  3)  4   4
23 9 3
 y – 1 = – 4(x – 3)  4x + y = 13  4c   +6=0
16 4
 the equations are 4x + y = 13 and y = 4x – 7.
9c 3  24
   0  9c + 27 = 0
13. 2x2 + 3xy – 2y2 = 0 4 4
 x + 2y = 0 and 2x – y = 0  c = 3
A 2x – y + c1 = 0 16. Given equation of pair of lines is
D
kx2  5xy  3y2 = 0
2
y  y
x + 2y = 0 x + 2y + c2 = 0 k 5  3  = 0
x  x
 k  5m  3m2 = 0 ….(i)
B C
2x – y = 0 1
Now, slope of line x  2y + 3 = 0 is m1 = .
From the figure, 2
 2 1   1 2 
 slope of the line perpendicular to x  2y + 3 = 0
A ,  , B(0, 0), C  ,  is m = 2.
 5 5  5 5 
Substituting value of m in equation (i), we get
Now, equation of side AD is
k  5(2)  3(2)2 = 0
2x – y + c1 = 0
 k =  10 + 12  k = 2
284
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 4. Matrix of co-factors,
36. |A| = – 0
2  4 1 4 
i   A ij    3 0 4 
0 33  
adj A =  2 
 3 1 3 
 
0 i  4 3 3
i   adj N  [A ] T
ij 33 =  1 0 1  = N
–1 1 2 0   i 0 
 A = =  4 4 3 
1    0 2i 
0 i 
2 34 39   94 39 
5. AB =    adj (AB) =  82 34 
82 94   
37.  adj (AB) = adj (B) adj (A)
6. A is a 2  2 matrix
 |adjA| = | A | = 10
Critical Thinking
7. A is a 3  3 Matrix
 1 3 2  1 0 0   | adj A | = | A |2 = (12)2 = 144
1.  3 0 5   A 0 1 0  8. A (Adj A) = | A | . (In)
   
 2 5 0  0 0 1  10 0  1 0 
  0 10  = | A | 0 1 
Applying C2  C2 – 3C1 and C3  C3 + 2C1,    
 1 3  3 2  2  1 0  3 0  2  10 0  | A | 0 
   =  
 3 0  9 5  6   A 0 1  0 0  0   0 10   0 | A |
   
 2 5  6 0  4   0 0  0 1  0   | A | = 10
9. A(adj A) = |A| I
1 0 0   1 3 2 
 |A (adj A)| = |A|n (If A is of order n  n)
 3 9 11  A 0 1 0 
 
 |A| |adj A| = |A|n
   
 2 1 4  0 0 1   |Adj A| = |A|n1
Since, A is singular
 2 3 3   |A| = 0
2. A =  2 2 3   |Adj A| = 0
Hence, adj A is a singular matrix.
 3 2 2 
10. A is a Singular matrix.
Applying C2  C2 + 2 C1,  |A| = 0 and A.(adj A) = |A|. I = 0.I = 0
2 1 3  A (adj A) is a zero matrix.
 A ~  2 6 3 
 d b 
 3 4 2  11. adj A =  
 c a 
Applying R1  R1 + R3, a b 
 adj (adj A) =   =A
5 5 5 c d 
A ~  2 6 3 
2 0 1
 3 4 2 
12. |A| = 5 1 0 = 1  0
3. a11A11 + a21A21 + a31A31 0 1 3
= 1(4  3) + 3[(4  1)] + 2(6  2) = 0  3 1 1 
and |A| = 1(4  3)  2(6  6) + 1(3  4) = 0 adj A =  15 6 5


 a11A11 + a21A21 + a31A31 = |A|  5 2 2 

206
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

2h 2h 31. Given equation of pair of lines is

m1 + m2 = –  m + 3m = – 4x2  24xy + 11y2 = 0
b b
 a = 4, h =  12, b = 11
h
m= h 2  ab 144  44 4
2b  tan  =  2 =2 =
a a ab 15 3
m1.m2 =  m.3m =  4
b b   = tan1   
a h 2
a h2 4  3
 3 m2 =  3. 2 =  =
b 4b b ab 3 32. Given equation of pair of lines is
x2 + 2xy sec  + y2 = 0
27. m1 : m2 = 1 : 2  a = 1, h = sec , b = 1
h 2  2  12
9 Let  be the angle between the lines.
 = =
ab 4(2) 8 2 sec 2   1
 tan  =
ab 8 2
 =
h2 9  tan  = tan    = 
28. Given equation of pair of lines is
x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 33. Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines given
 a = 1, h = 2, b = 1 by x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0
 m1 + m2 =  4  m2 =  4  m1
2 h 2  ab 2 (2)2  (1)(1) and m1.m2 = 1  m1( 4  m1) = 1
 tan  = = = 3
ab 11  m12  4m1  1 = 0

  = tan1  3  = 60  m1, m2 = 2  3

Slope of line x  y = 4 is
m3 = 1
29. Given equation of pair of lines is
 Angle between first two lines,
(x2 + y2) 3 = 4xy m1  m2 (2  3)  (2  3)
tan1 12 = =
 a= 3 , h =  2, b = 3 1  m1.m2 1  (2  3) (2  3)

 tan  =
2 43 1
=
 12 = tan1  3  = 60
2 3 3 Angle between second and third line
 1  
  = tan1  =
23 = tan1 
 2  3  1 
 1  ( 2  3)1
 = tan

1
 3  = 60
 3 6
Similarly, we have, 31 = 60
30. Given equation of pair of lines is  The triangle formed by the lines is equilateral
x2 + 4y2  7xy = 0 triangle.
7 34. Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines given
 a = 1, h =  ,b=4
2 by 23x2 – 48xy + 3y2 = 0
2 48
 7   m1 + m2 = = 16  m2 = 16 – m1
2    1 4  3
 2 
 tan  = 23 23
1   4 and m1m2 =  m1 (16 – m1) =
3 3
49 23
2 4   m12 + 16m1 – =0
4 33
= = 3
5 5  3m12 – 48m1 + 23 = 0
 33 
  = tan1   24  13 3
 m1, m2 =
 5  3
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 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
slope of line is 2x+ 3y + 4 = 0 is 36. Given equation of pair of lines is
2 x2 + ky2 + 4xy = 0
m3 =
3 k
 a = 1, h = , b = 4
 Angle between first two lines, 2
m1  m 2 The pair of lines are coincident if h2  ab = 0
tan–1 12 = k2
1  m1m 2  h2 = ab  = 4(1)
4
 24  13 3   24  13 3  k=4
    
 3   3 
= 37. Given equation of pair of lines is
 24  13 3  24  13 3 
1   
  px2  qy2 = 0
 3  3   a = p, b = q, c = 0
26 3 26 3 Since, the lines are real and distinct
3 3  h2  ab > 0
= =
9  576  507 78  0  p(q) > 0
9 9  pq > 0
 tan–1 12 = 3 38. Given equation of pair of lines is
 12 = tan –1
 3  = 60 y2 sin2  xy sin2  + x2 (cos2   1) = 0
 a = sin2 , b = cos2 1 = (1cos2 )
Angle between second and third line
= sin2 
 24  13 3 
  2
   Now, a + b = sin2  sin2  = 0
 3  3   The lines are perpendicular.
23 = tan–1   

 1   24  13 3    2   
  3   3    =
    2
 26  13 3   26  13 3 
    39. Consider option (C)
= tan –1
 3  = tan–1  3  Given equation is y2 + x + 1 = 0
 9  48  26 3   39  26 3 
    1
 9   9   a = 0, b = 1, c = 0, f = 0, g = ,h=0
2
 26  13 3 9  Now, abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2
= tan–1   
 3 39  26 3 
 1 1
= 0 + 0  0   + 0 = 0
= tan–1 
 
 13 2  3  3 

4 4


 13 3 2  3 
   The equation does not represent a pair of
straight lines.
= tan–1  3  = 60 40. Given equation of pair of lines is
Similarly, we have, 31 = 60 3x2 + 7xy + 2y2 + 5x + 5y + 2 = 0
 The triangle formed by the lines is equilateral 5 5 7
a = 3, b = 2, c = 2, f = , g = , h =
triangle. 2 2 2
2 2 2
Consider abc + 2fgh af  bg  ch
35. Given equation of pair of lines is
 5  5   7 
4x2 + 12xy + 9y2 = 0 = (3)(2)(2) + 2     
a = 4, h = 6, b = 9  2  2   2 
2 2 2
Here, 5 5 7
3   2   2   = 0
h2  ab = (6)2  (4)(9) = 36  36 = 0 2 2 2
Hence, the lines are real and coincident.  the given equation represents a pair of straight lines.
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
41. Given equation of pair of lines is 45. Given equation of pair of lines is
xy + a2 = ax + ay x2 – y2 + x + 3y – 2 = 0
i.e. ax + ay – xy – a2 = 0 1 3
 a = 1, b = –1, g = , f = , c = – 2
a a 1 2 2
 A = 0, B = 0, C = – a2, F = , G = , H = 
2 2 2  point of intersection of the lines is
2 2 2
Now, ABC + 2FGH – AF –BG – CH  hf  bg gh  af   1 3 
 , 2 
= , 
 ab  h ab  h   2 2 
2 2
 a  a  1   1 
= 0  2      (a 2 )    0
 2  2  2   2 46. Given equation of pair of lines is
 the given equation represents a pair of straight lines. 2x2 – 10xy + 2y2 + 5x – 16y – 3 = 0
42. Given equation of pair of lines is 5
 a = 2, b = 2, c = –3, f = –8, g = , h = –5
ax2 – y2 + 4x – y = 0 2
1 Since the equation represents pair of lines,
 A = a, B = –1, C = 0, F = , G = 2, H = 0  abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0
2
The given equation represents a pair of 5
 2(2)(–3) + 2(–8)   (–5) – 2(64)
straight lines, 2
 ABC + 2FGH – AF2 – BG2 – CH2 = 0  25 
 2   + 3(25) = 0
1  4 
 0 – 0 – a   – (–1)(4) = 0
4
  49λ
a  = 147   = 6
– + 4 = 0  a = 16 2
4  Point of intersection of the lines is
43. Given equation of pair of lines is  hf  bg gh  af 
 , 2 
 ab  h ab  h 
2
kxy + 10x + 6y + 4 = 0
k  5 5 
 a = b = 0, c = 4, f = 3, g = 5, h =   5  8   2  6   2   5   2  8  
2   , 2 
Now, abc + 2fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0  2 12    5  2 12    5  
2 2

 
k
2
 
k
 0 + 2(3)(5)    0  0  4   = 0  7 
2 2   10, 
2
15k  k = 0  k(15  k) = 0  2 
 k = 0 or k = 15 47. Given equation of pair of lines is
44. Given equation of pair of lines is 2x2  3xy  2y2 + 10x + 5y = 0
5 3
x2 + kxy + y2  5x  7y + 6 = 0  a = 2. b = 2, c = 0, f = , g = 5, h =
7 5 k 2 2
 a = 1, b = 1, c = 6, f = ,g= ,h=  Point of intersection of the lines is
2 2 2
2 2
Now, abc + 2fgh  af  bg  ch = 0 2  hf  bg gh  af 
 ,    1, 2
2  ab  h 2 ab  h 2 
 7  5  k   7 
 (1)(1)(6) + 2      1   Slope of line joining origin and (1, 2) m = 2
 2  2  2   2 
2 2
Slope of kx + y + 3 = 0 is –k
 5  k 1
1    6    0 Now, (k)( 2) = 1  k =
 2  2 2
2
35k 49 25 6k 48. The line 5x + y –1 = 0 is coincides
6+    =0
4 4 4 4 5x2 + xy – kx – 2y + 2 = 0
 6k2 + 35 k  50 = 0 k 1
 a = 5, b = 0, c = 2, f = –1, g =  , h =
 (2k  5)(3k  10) = 0 2 2
5 10 2h
k= or k = m1 + m2 =
2 3 b
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 Chapter 02: Matrices
R1  2R1 + R3 1 n 2n
 5 0 5  x1  10  32.  = 2n 1 n
 2 0 1  x  = 1
   2   n 2n 1
 3 2 1   x3   4  Applying C1  C1 + C2 + C3, we get
R1  R1  5R2 1  n  2n n 2n 0 n 2n
 5 0 0   x1  5  = 1  n  2n 1 n = 0 1 n
 2 0 1  x  = 1  1  n  2n 2n 1 0 2n 1
   2  
 3 2 1   x3   4  ….[ 1 + n + 2n = 0, if n is not multiple of 3]
 5x1 = 5  x1 = 1  =0
2x1 + x3 = 1  x3 = 3 1 sin 
33. A  1  sin 2   0
3x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 4  x2 = 2  sin  1
 1  1  sin  
adj A = 
 X =  2  sin  1 
 3  1 1  1  sin  
 A1 = (adj A) =
A 1  sin  sin 
2
1 
31. X = A1 D 1  1 sin    1 sin  
=    sec 2  
 AX = D cos    sin 
2
1    sin  1 
 1 1 2   x   3 
2 1 1   y  =  5  Competitive Thinking
    
 4 1 2   z  11 2 2
1. |A| =
R1  R1 + R2, R3  R3 + R2 2 2

 3 0 1  x  8  =44=0
2 1 1   y =  5  1 1
      |B| = =11=0
1 1
 6 0 1  z  16
 A1 and B1 does not exist
R3  R3  R1
1 a 2
 3 0 1  x  8
 2 1 1   y  = 5  2. The matrix is not invertible if 1 2 5 = 0
      2 1 1
 3 0 0   z  8
 1(2 – 5) – a(1 – 10) + 2(1 – 4) = 0
8  – 3 + 9a – 6 = 0
 3x = 8  x =
3 a=1
3x  z = 8  z = 0 3. |A| = k2 + 1, which can be never zero.
1 Hence matrix A is invertible for all real k.
2x + y + z = 5  y =
3 4. The given matrix will be invertible, if
8  1 4
3 3 0 1  0
 
1 1 1 2
 X=  
3
   (0 – 1) + 1(– 6 + 1) + 4(– 3)  0
0  –  – 5 – 12  0
     – 17
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

56. The equation of line is y = 2 2 x + c 4 4

x= and y = ,
 y  2 2x  3 3
   = 1 ….(i)
Orthocentre is  , 
c 4 4
  
Given equation of circle is
3 3 
x2 + y2 = 2 (1)2 ….(ii) 58. Given equations of pair of lines are
 from (i) and (ii), we get xy + 4x  3y  12 = 0 and
 
2
xy  3x + 4y  12 = 0
x + y = 2  y  2 2 x 
2 2
 x(y + 4) 3(y + 4) = 0 and x(y  3) + 4(y  3) = 0
 c 
 (y + 4)(x  3) = 0 and (x + 4)(y  3) = 0
 c2(x2 + y2) = 2(y2  4 2 xy + 8x2)  The vertices of the square are as shown in the figure
 (c2  16)x2 + (c2  2)y2 + 8 2 xy = 0 D(4, 3)
y3=0
C(3, 3)
The lines are perpendicular if A + B = 0.
 c2  16 + c2  2 = 0
 2c2 18 = 0  c2  9 = 0 x+4=0 x3=0
d1 d2
57. Lines represented by the equation
2y2  xy  6x2 = 0 are A(4, 4) B(3, 4)
3 y+4=0
y = 2x and y =  x
2 Equation of diagonal d1 is
The co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle 4  3
y+4= ( x  4)
formed by above lines with x + y = 1 are 4  3
1 2 y+4=x+4
(0, 0),  ,  and (2, 3)
3 3 xy=0
The altitude from vertex (0, 0) on x + y = 1 is and equation of diagonal d2 is
y = x. ....(i) 3 4
y+4= (x  3)
1 2 3 4  3
The altitude from vertex  ,  on y = x
3 3 2  y + 4 = 1 (x  3)
2 2 1  y + 4 = x + 3
is y    x   x+y+1=0
3 3 3
 Combined equation of diagonals d1 and d2 is
 6x  9y + 4 = 0 ....(ii)
(x  y)(x + y + 1) = 0
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
 x2  y2 + x  y = 0

Evaluation Test
1. L1: ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0  (m1 – m2)2 = (m1 + m2)2 – 4m1m2
Equation of any line passing through origin 4h 2  4ab
and perpendicular to L1 is given by =
b2
bx2  2hxy + ay2 = 0 4h 2  3h 2
….(interchanging coefficients of x2 and y2 and = 2
….[ 4ab = 3h2 (given)]
b
change of sign for xy term) 2
h
 The required equation of pair of lines is  2
–15x2 + 7xy + 2y2 = 0 b
i.e. 15x2 – 7xy – 2y2 = 0 h
 m1  m2  .....(ii)
b
2h On solving (i) and (ii), we get
2. Here, m1  m2  .....(i)
b h 3h
m1  and m2 
a 2b 2b
and m1m2 
b  m1 : m2 = 1 : 3
290
 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
3. The lines are parallel, if af2 = bg2 Now abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0
 4f2 = 9g2 5 75 1  2
12 –    =0
3 4 4 2 2
f= g
2  22 – 5  25 = 0  ( 5)(2 + 5) = 0
Let g = 2 and f = 3 5
 abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2   = 5 or
2
= 4 (9) (c) + 2 (3) (2) (6) – 4(3)2 – 9(2)2 – c (6)2 = 0
10. Let y = mx be the common line and let y = m1x
 c is any number.
and y = m2x be the other lines given by
4. Given equation is x2  y2  x  y  2 = 0. 2x2 + axy + 3y2 = 0 and 2x2 + bxy  3y2 = 0
 1 respectively. Then,
 a = 1, b = 1, c = 2, f = ,g= ,h=0
2 2 a 2
This equation represents a pair of straight m + m1 =  , mm1 = , and
3 3
lines, if abc + 2fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0 b 2
2 1 2 9 m + m2 = , mm2 = 
2  =0 =  2 = 9   =  3 3 3
4 4 4 4
2  2
5. The given equation of pair of lines is  (mm1) (mm2) =   
3  3
x2 + 2 2 xy – y2 = 0
4
 a = 1, b = 1, h = 2  m2(m1m2) = 
9
Now, a + b = 1 + (1) = 0
4
 The lines are perpendicular  m2 = ….[ m1m2 = 1 (given)]
9
6. The joint equation of the lines through the 2
point (x1, y1) and at right angles to the lines m=
3
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is
b(x – x1)2 – 2h(x – x1)(y – y1) + a(y – y1)2 = 0 2
When m = ,
 joint equation of pair of lines drawn through 3
(1, 1) and perpendicular to the pair of lines 2 2
mm1 = and mm2 =   m1 = 1 and m2 = 1
3x2 – 7xy + 2y2 = 0 is 3 3
2(x – 1)2 + 7(x – 1)(y – 1) + 3(y – 1)2 = 0 a b
7. The given equations are x – y – 1 = 0 and  m + m1 =  and m + m2 =
3 3
2x + y – 6 = 0  a = 5 and b = 1
 The joint equation is given by 2
(x – y – 1) (2x + y – 6) = 0 When m =  ,
3
 2x2 + xy – 6x – 2xy – y2 + 6y – 2x – y + 6 =0
2 2
 2x2 – y2 – xy – 8x + 5y + 6 =0 mm1 = and mm2 =  m1 = 1 and m2 = 1
8. Let the equation of one of the angle bisector of 3 3
the co-ordinate axes be x + y = 0  m1 = –1 a b
 m + m1 =  and m + m2 =
Given equation of pair of lines is 3 3
2x2 + 2hxy + 3y2 = 0  a = 5 and b = 1
 A = 2, H = h, B = 3 11. Given equation of pair of lines is
a 2 3x2 – 48xy + 23y2 = 0
Now, m1m2 =  m2 =
b 3  a = 3, h = –24, b = 23
2h 2 2h
Also m1 + m2 =  –1 – = 2 576  69
b 3 3  tan  =
3  23
5
h=
2 2 507 2  13 3
9. The given equation of pair of lines is  tan  = = = 3
26 26
3x2 – 2y2 + xy – x + 5y – 2 = 0
5 1  
 a = 3, b = –2, c = –2, f = ,g= ,h=   = tan–1 ( 3 ) =
2 2 2 3
291
 Textbook
Chapter No.

05 Vectors
Hints

Classical Thinking 6. Given, 3A  2B

 3(x + 4y) = 2(y – 2x + 2)
1. Since the vectors are collinear,  7x + 10y = 4 ….(i)
 b = a and 3(2x + y + 1) = 2(2x – 3y – 1)
 (–2 î + m ĵ ) = ( î – ĵ)  2 x + 9y = – 5 ….(ii)
On comparing, we get On solving (i) and (ii), we get
 = –2 and – = m x = 2, y = –1
m=2
8. 1( a ) + 1( b ) = a + b .
2. c = d  1( a ) + 1( b )  1 (a + b) = 0
 (x  2) a + b = (2x + 1) a   b  The vectors are coplanar.
On comparing, we get
 = –1 and 9. Let R (r) be the point dividing PQ internally
(x –2) = (2x +1) in the ratio 2 : 5
 x – 2 = – 2x – 1 5p  2q
1  r =
x= 7
3
10. Let R (r) divide line AB internally in the ratio
3. Let a = 3 î  2 ĵ + 5 k̂ and b =  2 î + p ĵ  q k̂ 2:3
Two vector are collinear if 2b + 3a
a1 a 2 a 3  r=
  23
b1 b 2 b3
2(3iˆ  ˆj  4k)
ˆ  3(2iˆ  3jˆ  k)
ˆ
3 2 5 =
   5
2 p q ˆ ˆ ˆ
12i +11j + 5k
4 10 =
 p ,q 5
3 3  12 11 
4. For the points to be collinear,  Co-ordinates of R are  , ,1
 5 5 
AB  BC = 0
 (b  a)  (c  b) = 0  2  4 1  3 
11. C  ,   (– 1, 1)
 2 2 
 b  c  a  c + a b = 0
 OC = – î + ĵ
 ab  bc  ca  0

5. Here a  ˆi + ˆj , b  2iˆ  ˆj and r  2 ˆi – 4jˆ 12. If M(m) is the mid-point of AB, then
Let r  t1 a + t 2 b ab
m=
2
 2iˆ  4ˆj = t1 (iˆ + ˆj) + t 2 (2iˆ  ˆj)
ˆi  3jˆ  kˆ  3iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ
= (t  2t )iˆ + (t  t )ˆj
1 2 1 2
 = 2 î + ĵ – 2 k̂
2
Comparing the coefficients, we get
t1 + 2t2 = 2 .…(i)
t1  t2 = 4 ….(ii) 13. Let R (r) divide AB externally in the ratio 5:2
On solving (i) and (ii), we get 5(iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ  2(2iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ ˆi  7ˆj  12kˆ
 r= =
t1 = 2, t2 = 2 52 3
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 Chapter 05: Vectors

14. Let R (r) divide PQ externally in the ratio 2 : 1 1 1 1

2q  p 21. [a b c ] = 1 1 4
 r=
2 1 1 2 1
2(3iˆ  2ˆj  k)
ˆ  (2 ˆi  ˆj  4k)
ˆ = 1 (1 + 8) + 1(1 4) + 1(2 + 1)
= =5
1
= 4iˆ  5jˆ  2kˆ 3 2 2
 Co-ordinates of R are (4, 5, 2) 22. 
a. b  c = 6 4 2
3 2 4
15. Let P divide AB in the ratio  : l
= 3(16 4) + 2(24 + 6) + 2(12 12)
 17 11   2λ + 5 7λ + a kλ  1 
  , ,0    , ,  = –144
 4 4   λ +1 λ +1 λ +1 
17 2λ + 5 1 24. Since  a b c  =  b c a  =  c a b  =   b a c 
 = =
4 λ +1 3
25. [iˆ kˆ ˆj]  [kˆ ˆj ˆi]  [ ˆj kˆ ˆi] = [iˆ kˆ ˆj]  [iˆ kˆ ˆj]  [iˆ kˆ ˆj]
16. If A(a), B(b),C(c) are the vertices and G(g) is  [iˆ kˆ ˆj] = – 1
the centroid of ABC, then
27.  a  2b a  c b 
a bc  
g =
3 =  a a  c b  +  2b a  c b 
(2iˆ  3jˆ  4k)
ˆ  (miˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ  (3iˆ  2ˆj  2k)
ˆ
 3iˆ  2ˆj  nkˆ  =  a a b  +  a c b  +  2b a b  +  2b c b 
3
3(3 î + 2 ĵ + n k̂ ) = (5 + m) î + 6 ĵ + (–3) k̂ = 0   a b c  + 2 (0) + 2 (0)
On comparing, we get =   a b c 
9 = 5 + m  m = 4, and
3n = 3  n = 1 28. Let p = a  2b + 3c , q = 2a + mb  4c and

 x + x + x y + y + y z +z +z  r =  7b  c
17. G  1 2 3, 1 2 3, 1 2 3 Since the points are collinear.
 3 3 3 
 p q r  = 0
 2a  1 4  b 1   
 (2, 1, c)   , , 
 3 3 3 1 2 3
2a  1 4b 1  2 m 4 = 0
2= ,1= ,c=
3 3 3 0 7 10
5 1  1(10m – 28) + 2(20 – 0) + 3(– 14 – 0) = 0
 a = , b = 1, c =
2 3  10m – 30 = 0  m = 3
29. Let a  ˆi  2jˆ  3kˆ , b  ˆi  4ˆj  7kˆ , and
18. [ î k̂ ĵ] = î .( k̂  ĵ) = î .(– î ) = – 1.
c  3iˆ  2ˆj  5kˆ
19. 2iˆ  3jˆ  (5k)
ˆ  =  30 [ î ( ĵ  k̂ )]

Since the vectors are collinear,
1 2 3
=  30( î  î ) =  30(1)  4 7 =0

= 30
3 2 5
20. ( î + ĵ)  [( ĵ + k̂ ) × ( k̂ + î )]
  6 + 10  42  6 + 36 = 0
1 1 0 =3
= 0 1 1 30. We know that,
1 0 1 [a – b b – c c – a ] = 0
= 1 (1) – 1 ( – 1) = 2  Vectors a – b , b – c and c – a are coplanar
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
31. Since, the vectors are coplanar, 39. Let a  2 ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , b  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ and
 a b c  = 0
 c  3iˆ  ˆj  kˆ
1 1 1 2 1 1
 1 2 1 = 0  volume of parallelopiped = 1 2 3
3 p 5 3 1 1
 10 + p + 5 + 3 + p  6 = 0 = 2(2 + 3)  1(1 + 9)  1(1  6)
p=–6 = 5 cu. unit.

32. Let a  ˆi  3jˆ  2kˆ , b  ˆi  ˆj  4kˆ , and 3 7 5

c  3iˆ  2ˆj  xkˆ 40. Volume of parallelopiped = 3 7 3
Since the vectors are coplanar, 7 5 3
1 3 2 = (3)(21  15)  7(9  21)  5(15  49)
 2 1 4 = 0 = 108  210  170 =  272
3 2 x But volume cannot be negative.
 – x – 8 – 6x + 36 – 14 = 0  Volume of parallelopiped = 272 cu. unit.
x=2
41. A, B, C, D are vertices of tetrahedron.
33. Let a  ˆi + ˆj + k,
ˆ b   ˆi + ˆj and  AB , AC and AD are its edges.
c = ˆi + 2j+
ˆ akˆ Now, AB = – 2 î – 2 ĵ – 3 k̂

Since a, b and c are coplanar. AC = 4 î – 9 k̂

1 1 1 AD = 6 î – 3 ĵ – 3 k̂
 1 1 0 = 0 1
 Volume of tetrahedron =  AB AC AD 
1 2 a 6  
2 2 3
 1(a – 0) – 1(– a – 0) + 1(– 2 – 1) = 0 1
= 4 0 9
3 6
 2a = 3  a = 6 3 3
2
1
= [2(0  27) + 2( 12 + 54)  3( 12  0)]
35. We have [ a b a  b ] = a   b  (a  b)  6
= ( a  b ). ( a  b ) 1
= (174) = 29 cu. unit.
6
= | a  b |2
42. Let A, B, C, D be the given points
36. [ a c b ] = a .( c  b )
 AB  2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ , AC   4iˆ  5jˆ  9kˆ and
= c .( b  a )
AD   6iˆ  2ˆj  6kˆ
=0 ….[ a and b are parallel]
2 3 6
1
37. a . ( b  c ) = 0 or ( a  b ). c = 0  Volume of tetrahedron = 4 5 9
6
6 2 6
38. Volume of parallelopiped =  a b c 
66
= = – 11
 11   13  6
=   (12)   ˆi ˆj kˆ 
2  3 But volume cannot be negative
= 286 cu. unit.  Volume of tetrahedron = 11 cu.unit.
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 Chapter 05: Vectors
43. Consider ABC, On comparing, we get
AD, BE and CF are its medians. 1
A 4 = –12    = ,
3
4 – x = – 6  x = 2, and
F E 2 = (y – 3)  – 6 = y – 3  y = –3
5. Here a  ˆi  ˆj , b  ˆi  ˆj , c  a ˆi  b ˆj  c kˆ
B C The points are collinear
D
 AB =  BC
 AD + BE + CF = d  a  e  b  f  c
 –2 ĵ = [(a – 1) î + (b + 1) ĵ + c k̂ ]
b c ac ab
=  a+  b+  c =0 On comparing, we get
2 2 2
(a–1) = 0, (b+1) = –2, c = 0
Critical Thinking Hence a = 1, c = 0 and b is arbitrary scalar.
6. Let A, B, C be the three collinear point.
1.   
Let A a , B b , C c be the given points
 AB =  BC
a  60 ˆi  3 ˆj , b  40 ˆi  8 ˆj , c  a ˆi  52ˆj Here, AB = – 2b, BC = (k + 1) b
 AB = k ( BC )   k  R  AB =  BC
 – 20 î – 11 ĵ = k (a  40)iˆ  44jˆ  7. Since, a + 2b is collinear with c , and b + 3c
On comparing, we get is collinear with a .
1  a + 2b = x c and b + 3c = y a  x, y  R
– 11 = – 44k  k =
4  a + 2b + 6c = (x + 6) c
1 Also, a + 2b + 6c = a  2(b  3c) = (1 + 2y) a
and – 20 = (a – 40)  a = – 40
4
 (x + 6) c = (1 + 2y) a
2. Let a  ˆi  2kˆ , b  ˆj  kˆ and c  ˆi   ˆj Since, a and c are non-collinear.
 AB = m. BC  x + 6 = 0 and 1 + 2y = 0
 – î + ĵ – k̂ = m[( î + ( – 1) ĵ – k̂ )] 1
 x =  6 and y = 
On comparing, we get 2
– 1 = – m  m = 1, Now, a + 2b = x c
– 1 =  m   = – 1,  a + 2b + 6c = 0
and 1 = m( – 1)   = 2
8. AB = a + b
3. Let a =  ˆi + 3jˆ + 2kˆ , b =  4iˆ + 2jˆ  2kˆ and
BD = 3 a + 3 b = 3 AB
c = 5iˆ + ˆj  kˆ  Points A, B, D are collinear.
 AB = m. BC 9. Let R = x a + y b + z c
 –3 î – ĵ – 4 k̂ = m 9iˆ  (  2)ˆj  (  2)kˆ   R = x(2 p + 3 q  r ) + y( p  2 q + 2 r )
 
On comparing, we get + z( 2 p + q  2 r )
1  3p  q + 2 r = (2x + y  2z) p
9m = –3  m = ,
3
+ (3x  2y + z) q + (x + 2y 2z) r
–1 = m( – 2)   = 5
On comparing, we get
and – 4 = m( + 2)   = 10
2x + y  2z = 3, ….(i)
4. Here a = ˆi + xˆj  3kˆ , b = 3iˆ + 4ˆj  7kˆ , and 3x  2y + z = 1, ….(ii)
c = yˆi  2ˆj  5kˆ  x + 2y  2z = 2 ….(iii)
Solving above equations, we get
 AB =  BC
x = 2, y = 5, z = 3
 2iˆ  (4  x) ˆj  4 kˆ =  ( y  3) ˆi  6ˆj  12kˆ  
  R = 2a + 5b + 3c
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

a b c  1 2 2
62. Let M =  x y z  , then | U | = 2 1 1 = 3
 l m n  1 4 3
1
0   1  b   1  U exists
M 1    2    y    2   1 2
0

 3 3
0   3   m   3   
7 5
 by the equality of matrices,  U 1   1
 3 3 
b = 1, y = 2, m = 3  
1 1 a  b  1  3 2 1
      1  
M  1   1    x  y  =    sum of elements of U1 = 0
 0   1 l  m   1
64. a11A11 + a12A12 + a13A13
 by the equality of matrices,
= cos(cos  0) + sin[(sin  0)] + 0(00)
a  b = 1, x  y = 1, l  m = 1
= cos2 + sin2 = 1
 a = 0, x = 3, l = 2
1  0  a  b  c  0   
65. | A | = 1 + tan2 = sec2
    
M 1   0    x  y  z  =  0 
 2 2
 
1 12  l  m  n  12   1  tan 
adjA   2
 by the equality of matrices, 
 tan  1 
a + b + c = 0, x + y + z = 0, l + m + n = 12  2 
 c = 1, z = 5, n = 7  
 sum of diagonal elements of M = a + y + n  1  tan 
1 1 2
=0+2+7=9 A 1  adjA   
|A| 2   
sec tan 1 
2  2 
 a1  a 2  a 3 
–1 1
63. Let U1 =  b1  , U2 =  b  and U =
 2 3
b 
 3
AB = I  B = IA  B = A
 
 c1   c 2   c3   1  tan 
1 2 
 B=   = cos2 . AT
1   
sec2  tan 1  2
AU1 =  0  2  2 
 0 
66. F () . F ()
1 0 0   a1  1  cos   sin  0   cos  sin  0 
2 1 0 b  = 0 
    1   =  sin  cos  0    sin  cos  0 
 3 2 1   c1   0   0 0 1   0 0 1 
 al  1  1 0 0 
 2a  b  = 0 
  1 1    = 0 1 0  = I
3a1  2b1  c1  0  0 0 1 
 by the equality of matrices,  [ F() ]1 = F()
a1 = 1, b1 = 2 and c1 = 1
Similarly a2 = 2, b2 = 1 and c2 = 4  1  tan  
67. I+A= 
a3 = 2, b3 = 1 and c3 = 3  tan  1 
1 2 2  1 tan  
IA= 
 U =  2 1 1

  tan  1 
 1 4 3  | I  A | = 1 + tan2  = sec2   0

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 Chapter 05: Vectors
19. Since the points are coplanar,
1 2 0
25.       
a  b  c    a  b  a  c 

 0 1 4 =0      
= a  b  a  b  a  c 

 1 2 3
  
+ c  ab  ac 
 
 1(3 – 8) – 2[(0 – 4( – 1)] = 0
13 = 0 +  c a  b a  c 
 –5 + 8 – 8 = 0   =
8 =  c a a  c  +  c b a  c 
20. Since, the given vectors are coplanar, =  c a a  +  c a c  +  c b a  +  c b c 
a 1 1
 1 b 1 = 0 = 0 + 0 +  c b a  + 0 =   a b c 
1 1 c
26. r = l (b  c)  m (c  a)  n (a  b)
 a(bc  1) 1(  c  1) + 1(1 + b) = 0
 abc  a + c + 1 + 1 + b = 0
    
a r = la . bc + ma . ca + na  a  b  
 abc + 2 = a  b  c = l a b c  + 0 + 0
21. Since the given vectors are coplanar,
a  r = 2l ....  a b c   2 ….(i)
bc b 2  bc c 2  bc  
Similarly,
 a 2  ac ac c2  ac = 0
b  r = 2m, ….(ii)
a 2  ab b 2  ab ab
c. r  2n ….(iii)
 (ab + bc + ca)3 = 0  ab + bc + ca = 0.
 On adding equations (i), (ii) and (iii) we get
22. Let P(p) , Q(q) , R(r) be the three points.  a  b  c .r  2(l  m  n)
 p = a  b + c , q = 4 a  7 b  c and
l  m  n   a  b  c  .r
1

r = 3a + 6b + 6c 2
PQ is not scalar multiple of PR 27. Volume of parallelopiped
 they are not collinear 1 2 1
1 1 1 = 1 1 0  a b c  = k  a b c 
 p q r  = 4 7 1 1 1 1
 
3 6 6
 1(1  0)  2(1  0) 1(1 + 1) = k
= 36  0 1+20=kk=3
 they are not coplanar.
p 0 5
(b × c).(a + b + c) 28. Volume of parallelopiped = 1 1 q = 8
23.
λ 3 5 0
(b × c).a + (b × c).b + (b × c).c
=  – p ( 0 + 5q) + 5 (– 5 + 3) = 8
λ  – 5pq – 18 = 0
(b × c).a + 0 + 0 a .(b  c)   5pq + 18 = 0
= = = =1
λ  
29. Let A  (1, 2, 0), B  (2, 0, 4), C  (1, 2, 0)
24. ( a  b )[( b + c )  ( c + a )] and D  (1, 1, ) be the vertices of the
= ( a  b )[ b  c + b  a + c  c + c  a ] tetrahedron
= a ( b  c ) + a .( b  a ) + a ( c  a )  AB = ˆi  2ˆj+ 4kˆ
 b ( b  c )  b ( b  a )  b ( c  a ) AC   2iˆ
= [a b c ]  [a b c ] = 0 AD = 2iˆ  ˆj + kˆ
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 34. Let a , b , c , d be the position vectors of A,
Volume of tetrahedron =  AB AC AD 
6  B, C, D respectively
1 2 4 For parallelogram:
2  a + c = b + d
  2 0 0
3 6  d = a + c – b  d = – î + ĵ + k̂
2 1 
 2(2) + 4(2) = 4 35. A D
=1

30. AB + BC + AC = b  a  c  b  c  a B C
= 2( c  a ) We have, p = AC + BD
= 2( c  d + d  a ) = AC + BC + CD
= 2( DC + AD ) = AC +  AD + CD
= 2( DC  BD ) =  AD + (AC  CD)
….[ D is mid-point of AB] =  AD + AD
= ( + 1) AD
31. If AD is the median,
Also, p   AD
bc  =+1
 AD = d – a = – a
2
(b  a)  (c  a) 1
= = ( AB + AC ) Competitive Thinking
2 2
= 4 î – ĵ + 4 k̂ 1. Here, a = i , b = j , c = x i + 8 j

 l (AD) = 16  1  16 = 33 AB = – i + j , BC = x i + 7 j
Since the points are collinear,
32. AA ' + BB' + CC ' = a ' – a + b ' – b + c ' – c  AB =  BC
= (a ' + b'+ c') – (a + b +c ) 
 – i + j =  x i  7j 
= 3g' – 3g On comparing, we get
….[ G and G are centroids] 1
7 = 1   =
= 3 GG ' 7
x = –1  x = –7
33. A 2. Let A (a) , B (b) , C (c) be the given points
 a  20iˆ  pjˆ , b  5iˆ  ˆj , c  10 ˆi  13 ˆj
H  AB  k BC
O  – 15 i – ( p + 1) j = k (5i  12j)

B C On comparing, we get
– 15 = 5 k  k = –3 and
HA = HO + OA …(i) – (p + 1) = – 12k
HB = HO + OB ….(ii)  – (p + 1) = 36
HC = HO + OC ….(iii)  p = – 37
 Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get 3. PQ  k QR
HA + HB + HC a  b  c  k ( 2a  2b  tc)
= 3 HO + OA + OB + OC On comparing, we get
Since, OA + OB + OC = OH =  HO 1
1 = – 2k  k = and –1 = kt  t = 2
 HA + HB + HC = 2 HO 2
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 Chapter 05: Vectors

4. Here AB = b – a and 13. A  (1, 1, 2), B  (2, 3, 1)

Point P divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 3.
AC = 2 a – 2 b = – 2 ( b – a )
 2(2)  3(1) 2(3)  3(1) 2(1)  3(2) 
 AC = m AB  P , , 
 23 23 23 
Hence A, B, C are collinear.
7 3 4
 , , 
5. Since, a  3b is collinear with c , and b  2c 5 5 5
is collinear with a , 1
 the position vector of P is (7iˆ  3jˆ  4k)
ˆ
 a  3b  x c and b  2c  y a  x, y  R. 5
 a  3b  6c  ( x  6) c 14. C(x1, y1, z1) D(x2, y2, z2)
Also, a  3b  6c = a  3(b  2c) = (1  3 y )a A(2, 1, 4) B(1, 3, 6)

 ( x  6) c = (1  3 y )a C divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2 and

D divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 1.
 ( x  6) c  (1  3 y )a = 0
1(6)  2(4) 2(6)  1(4)
 x + 6 = 0 and 1 + 3y = 0  z1 + z2 = 
1 2 2 1
1 14 16 30
 x = 6 and y =  =  =
3 3 3 3
Now, a  3b  x c  a  3b  6c  0 = 10

6. Let a = 3 î +2 ĵ – k̂ and b = 6 î  4x ĵ + y k̂ 15. Let position vector of B be r

Since, a divides AB in the ratio 2 : 3
Since, a and b are parallel,
2r  3(a  2b)
3 2 1  = a
= = 2 3
6 4 x y
 2r = 5a – 3a – 6b = 2a – 6b
 x = – 1 and y = – 2
 r = a – 3b
7. The given vectors are collinear.
16. We know that, centroid of a triangle divides
3 1 5
 = = the line segment joining the orthocentre and
a b 15 circumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1.
 a = 9, b = 3 The co-ordinates of orthocentre and
circumcentre are (–1, 3, 2), (5, 3, 2)
8. x = 0, y = 0, otherwise one vector will be a
respectively.
scalar multiple of the other and hence
collinear which is a contradiction.  Co-ordinates of centroid
 2  5   1 1 2  3  1 3 2  2   1 2  
 , , 
11. c  ma  nb 2 1 2 1 2 1 

 3iˆ  kˆ  m(iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ  n(2iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ
 (3, 3, 2)
Comparing the co-efficients of î and ˆj , we get 17. Let the co-ordinates of circumcentre be (x, y, z).
3 = m + 2n, and ….(i) Co-ordinates of orthocentre and centroid are
m=n ….(ii) (–3, 5, 2) and (3, 3, 4) respectively.
 Solving the above two equations, we get We know that, centroid of triangle divides the
m=n=1 line segment joining its orthocentre and
circumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1.
 m+n=1+1=2
 2 x  3 2 y  5 2z  2 
  , ,   (3, 3, 4)
12. Let P(p) divide the line internally in the ratio  3 3 3 
2:3 2x  3 2y  5 2z  2
 = 3, = 3, =4
3(2a  3b) + 2(3a  2b) 12a  13b 3 3 3
 p= =
2+3 5  x = 6, y = 2, z = 5
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 Textbook
Chapter No.

03 Trigonometric Functions
Hints

1  
Classical Thinking 7. sin2 = = sin2   = n 
4 6 6
2 2
  ….[ sin  = sin    = n  ]
2. tan = cot  tan = tan    
 2 
8. 4cos2 x + 6sin2 x = 5

  = n + –  4 + 2sin2 x = 5
2 1  
….[ tan  = tan    = n + ]  sin2 x = = sin2  x = n 
2 4 4
3. tan 3x = 1
5
  9. sec2  + tan2   ….(i)
 tan 3x = tan  3x = n + 3
4 4
5
tan   tan   1 + tan2  + tan2  =
....   3
  n    2
nπ   2 tan2  =
 x= + ,nI 3
3 12 1  
 tan2  = = tan2     = n 
  3 6 6
4. tan 3x = cot x  tan 3x = tan   x 
2  ….[ tan2  = tan2    = n  ]
π π
 3x = n + – x  4x = n +
2 2 10. tan  + tan 2 + 3 tan  tan 2 = 3
n    tan  + tan 2 = 3 (1  tan  tan 2)
 x= + = (2n + 1)
4 8 8 tan   tan 2 
 = 3  tan 3 = tan
5. sin2  + sin  = 2 1  tan  tan 2 3
 (sin – 1) (sin + 2) = 0  
 sin  = 1, –2  3 = n  +   = (3n + 1)
3 9
Since, sin  –2
 11. By sine rule,
 sin  = 1 = sin   sin A sin B
2 =
 a b
  = n + (1)n , n  I 2 / 3 sin B
2  
 sin   sin  
2 3
....    sin B = 1 = sin 90  B = 90
   n   1 
n

sin B sin B b
cos  sin  12. = =
6. cot   tan  = 2   =2 sin (A  B) sin C c
sin  cos 
 cos2   sin2  = sin 2  cos 2 = sin 2 ….[ A + B + C = , A + B =  – C]
 
 tan 2 = tan  2 = n + 13. 2s = a + b + c = 16 + 24 + 20 = 60  s = 30
4 4
n  B s s  b  30  6 3
 =   cos =  =
2 8 2 ac 320 4
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 Chapter 05: Vectors
28. Let n̂ be the unit vector perpendicular to 36. Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ , b  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ and
a and b c  3iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ
a b c  = a .( b  c ) = a .(| b | | c | sin  n̂ )
  Since, a, b and c are coplanar,
2  3   a b c  = 0
= a .(3  4 sin . n̂ ) = a. 12  nˆ   
3  2 
 2 1 1
= 6 3| a | | nˆ |cos 0  6 3  2  1  12 3 .  1 2 3 = 0
29. | a | = 1, | b | = 2, | c | = 3 3  5
[a  b  c b  a c]  2(10 + 3) + 1(5 + 9) + 1 ( – 6) = 0
   
= a  b  c  [ b  a c] =–4

= a  b  c .  b  c  a  c 37. Let a, b and c be the given vectors

= [a b c ] – [b a c ] The given vectors are coplanar
 1 2
= 2 [a b c ]
 1  1 = 0

= 2 a. b  c  2 1 
= 2| a | . | b  c | cos 0  (2 1)  ( + 2) + 2(1  2) = 0
= 2| a | . | b  c |  3  6  4 = 0
= 2 | a | . | b | . | c | sin 90  ( + 2)(2  2  2) = 0
= 2  1  2  3 = 12 2  4 8
  =  2 or  = =1 3
30.  a – b b – c c – a  = a b c    b c a  2
    
= a b c   a b c  = 0 38. Let a  4iˆ  11jˆ  mkˆ , b  7iˆ  2ˆj  6kˆ and
c  ˆi  5jˆ  4kˆ .
31.  a  b .  b  c    c  a  Since a , b and c are coplanar,
=  a  b b  c c  a  = 0
 [a b c ] = 0
32. Vector  lies in the plane of  and  4 11 m
  ,  ,  are coplanar  7 2 6 =0
 [   ] = 0 1 5 4
 4 (8 – 30) – 11 (28 – 6) + m (35 – 2) = 0
33.  a + b b + c c + a  = 2 a b c 
     – 330 + 33m = 0
=0 ....[ a , b , c are coplanar]  m = 10
34.  a + b b + c c + a  = 2 a b c  39. Here a = 2i  2j  6k , b = 2i  λj  6k ,
   
35. Here C  C ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
1
c = 2i  3j  k
To make three vectors coplanar [A BC]  0 Since a , b and c are coplanar,
1 1 1 2 2 6
 1 0 0 0  2 λ 6 =0
C1 1 1 2 3 1
 1(0  0)  1(1  0) + 1(1  0) = 0  2 ( + 18) – 2 (2 – 12) + 6 (–6 – 2) = 0
 The value of [A BC] is independent of C1  –10 = –20
Hence no value of C1 can be found. =2
301
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

40. Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  k,

ˆ b  ˆi  ˆj  k,
ˆ c  ˆj  kˆ and 1 5 4
d  ˆj  kˆ  1 1 1 = 0
Since the given points are coplanar. k  2 9 7
  AB AC AD  = 0  2 + 5 (7 + k – 2) + 4 (– 9 – k + 2) = 0
 
3 0 0  2 + 25 + 5k – 28 – 4k = 0
 1 + k = 0
 2 0 2 = 0
k=1
2  1 0
 3(2  2) + 0 + 0 = 0 44. Since, aiˆ  ˆj  kˆ , ˆi  bjˆ  kˆ and ˆi  ˆj  ckˆ
 6  6 = 0 are coplanar,
=1 a 1 1
41. Since a = i + j + k , b = i  j + 2k and  1 b 1 =0
1 1 c
c = x i + (x – 2) j – k are coplanar vectors
 a b c  = 0  a (bc – 1) – 1 (c – 1) + 1 (1 – b) = 0
   abc – a – b – c + 2 = 0
1 1 1
 abc – (a + b + c) = – 2
 1 1 2 =0
x x  2 1 45. Let a, b and c be the given vectors.
 1 [1 – 2(x – 2)] –1 (–1 – 2x) + 1(x – 2 + x) = 0 The vectors are coplanar
 1 – 2 x + 4 + 1 + 2 x + 2x – 2 = 0  2 1 1
 2x = 4  1  2
1 0
 x = 2 1 1  2
42. Let a  3i  2ˆj  kˆ , b  2i  3j  4k ,  – 2(4 – 1) – 1(– 2 – 1) + 1( 1 + 2) = 0
c =  i  j  2k and d = 4i  5j  λk  6  32  2 = 0
Since, the given points are coplanar,  (1 + 2)2 (2  2) = 0
  AB AC AD  = 0 = 2
 
1 5 3 46. The given vectors are coplanar
 4 3 3 = 0 3 0 1
1 7 λ +1  1  3
0 0
 –1(3 + 3 – 21) – 5(–4 – 4 – 3) 1 2  sin  
–3(–28 – 3) = 0
 3(4 – 0) + 1(2 – sin  + 3) = 0
 –3 + 18 + 20 + 35 + 93 = 0
 7 + 3 + 2 = sin  ….(i)
 17  = –146
146 This is true for  = 0.
= For non-zero values of , equation (i) is
17
sin 
6 +2 + 2 = ....(ii)
43. Let s  2a  3b  c , t  a  2b  3c , 
u  3a  4b  2c , v  ka  6b  6c sin x
We know that < 1 for all x  0.
 ST   a  5b  4c , SU  a  b  c x
SV   k  2  a  9b  7c  L.H.S. of (ii) is greater than 2 and R.H.S. is
less than 1.
Since, the given points are coplanar,
So, (ii) is not true for any non-zero .
 ST SU SV  = 0
  Hence, there is only one value of .
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 Chapter 05: Vectors

47. Let  ,  and  be the given vectors 54. options (A), (B) and (D) =  u v w  ,
 ,  and  are coplanar while option (C) = –  u v w 
1 2 3
 0  4 =0 55. a .( a  b ) = ( a  a ) . b = 0
0 0 (2  1)
a.b × c b.a × c a.b × c b.a × c
1 56. + = +
 (2  1) = 0   = 0, c × a.b c.a × b c.a  b c.a  b
2
[a b c] [b a c]
Hence,  ,  ,  are non-coplanar for all = +
[c a b] [c a b]
1
values of  except 0 and . [a b c] [a b c]
2 = – =0
48. Since, O(0, 0, 0), P(2, 3, 4), Q(1, 2, 3), [c a b] [c a b]
R(x, y, z) are co-planar
57. a,b and c are non-coplanar.
  OR OP OQ  = 0
  So,  a b c   0
x y z
 2 3 4 =0  b  c   c  a 
a.    b.  
1 2 3  3b.(c  a)   2c.(a  b) 
 x (9  8)  y (6  4) + z (4  3) = 0 [a b c] [b c a] 1 1 1
=    
 x  2y + z = 0 3[b c a] 2[c a b] 3 2 6
49. Let the vector be aiˆ  bjˆ  ckˆ . 58. a . [(b  c)  (a  b  c)]
It is perpendicular to 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ .
= a .  b  a  b  c  c  a  c  b 
 2a + b + c = 0 .…(i)
The vector is coplanar with ˆi  2jˆ  kˆ and ....  b  b  0, c  c  0 
ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ = [a b a] +[a b c] + [a c a] +[a c b]
a b c = 0 + [a b c] + 0 – [a b c]
 1 2 1 0 =0
1 1 2
59. ( a + b ).( b + c )( a + b + c )
 3a – b – c = 0 ….(ii)
= ( a + b ).  b  a  b  c  c  a  c  b 
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
a = 0, b = 5, c = 5 =  a b a  +  a b c  +  a c a  +  a c b 
 The required vector is 5(ˆj  k)
ˆ
+  b b a  +  b b c  +  b c a  +  b c b 
5 6 7
50.      = 7 8 9 = 0 +  a b c  + 0 +  a c b  + 0 + 0 +  b c a  + 0
 
3 20 5 =  a b c  –  a b c  +  a b c  =  a b c 
= 5(40 – 180)  6(35 – 27) + 7(140 + 24) = 0
 the given vectors are coplanar. 60. Since, a .b  0
51. Since x is a non-zero vector, the given  a and b are perpendicular unit vectors.
  
conditions will be satisfied, if either
i. at least one of the vectors a , b , c is zero or 
Now, 2a  b . a  b  a  2b 
ii. x is perpendicular to all the vectors =  2a  b a  b a  2b 
a ,b,c
=   a  b 2a  b a  2b 
In case (ii), a , b , c are coplanar
  a b c  = 0   
=  a  b . 2a  b  a  2b  
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

  
=  a  b .5 a  b   p2 
1 2
pq + q2 = 0
2 2 3 3
= 5 a  b  5 a b ….  a  b   1 1  1 2
  p 2  pq  q 2   q 2  q 2  0
=5 ….  a  b  1  3 36  36 3
  2
 q 23 2
  p    q 0
bc  ca  a b  6  36
61. p+ q + r =
[a b c] q
 p  = 0, q = 0
[a b c]  [b c a]  [c a b] 6
( a + b + c ).( p + q + r ) =  p = 0, q = 0
[a b c]
Hence, there is exactly one value of (p, q).
=3

62. ( u + v  w )  [( u  v )  ( v  w )] 66.
  
 a  b  2 b  c   a b  c b 
  
= u  (u  v) – u  (u  w) + u  (v  w) + v  (u  v)    a  b b c    a b  c b 
4

– v  (u  w) + v  (v  w) – w  (u  v)
   
  4  a b c    b b c    a bb    acb 
+ w  (u  w) – w  (v  w)
  4  a b c     a b c 
= [u v w]  [v u w]  [w u v]
 (4 + 1)  a b c  = 0
= [u v w] + [u v w] – [u v w] = u  (v  w)
But,  a b c   0.
63. p.(a  b) = p.a  p.b
 4 + 1 = 0
(b  c).a (b  c).b This is not true for any real value of .
= +
a b c  a b c 
    67. Let a  2iˆ  3j,
ˆ b  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and c  3iˆ  kˆ
b c a  b c b Volume of parallelopiped = a b c 
=  + 
a b c  a b c  2 3 0
   
=1+0 = 1 1 1
=1 3 0 1
Similarly, q.(b  c)  1 and r . (a  c) = 1 = 2(1) + 3(1 + 3) = 4 cu.unit.
( a + b ) . p +( b + c ) . q +( c + a ) . r
2 3 1
=1+1+1=3
68. Volume of parallelopiped = 1 1 2
64. Since d  a  b  c 2 1 1
 d.(b  c) = a.(b  c)+ b.(b  c) + c.(b  c) = 2(1 – 2) + 3(1 4) + 1(1 + 2) = 14
 d.(b  c) = [a b c] But, volume cannot be negative.
[d bc] [bcd]  Volume of parallelopiped = 14 cu. units.
= 
[a bc] [bca] 1
69. Volume of tetrahedron = a b c 
65. 3u p v p w    pv w q u    2w qv qu  = 0 6  
      1
4=  a b c    a b c  = 24
  3p  u v w   pq  v w u   2q  w v u   0 6    
2 2

 3p 2  u v w   pq  u v w   2q 2  u v w   0 Edges of parallelopiped are a  b, b  c, c  a

 Volume of parallelopiped = [ a  b b  c c  a ]
 (3p2  pq + 2q2)  u v w  = 0 2
=  a b c 
But,  u v w   0 = 242
 3p2  pq + 2q2 = 0 = 576 sq. units
304
 Chapter 05: Vectors

12 0  75. Let AM be the angle bisector of BAC

70. Volume of parallelopiped = 0 3 1 | AB | = 16  25  9 = 50 = 5 2
2 1 15 | AC | = 1  1  16 = 18 = 3 2
A(4, 3, 5)
 546 = –12(– 45 + 1) + (0  6)
  = 3

71. Volume of parallelopiped = [a  b b  c c  a]

= a b c    b c a 
B(0, 2, 2) C(3, 2, 1)
M
= a b c   a b c 
 M divides BC internally in the ratio 5 : 3
=0 5c  3b 5(3iˆ  2ˆj  k)
ˆ  3( 2ˆj  2k)
ˆ
M = =
72. Volume of parallelopiped 8 8
ˆ ˆ
15i  4 j  11kˆ
=  a  b b  c c  a  = 2  a b c  =
8
2 3 5  15 4 11 
 M = , , 
= 2 3 4 5  8 8 8 
5 3 2 76. Let AM be the angle bisector of angle A
= 2  2(8  15)  3( 6  25)  5( 9  20) | AB |  6and (AC)  3
= 2  46  93  55  M divides BC internally is the ratio 2 : 1
2(2iˆ  5jˆ  7k)
ˆ  1(2iˆ  3jˆ  4k)
ˆ
= 16 cu. Unit  M=
2 1
73. Let A, B, C and D be the given points. ˆ ˆ
6i  13j  18k ˆ
=
 AB   4iˆ  6ˆj , AC   ˆi  4ˆj  3kˆ , and 3
AD   6iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ 77. AB = 6iˆ  2ˆj  3kˆ , BC = 2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ
4 6 0 CD = 6iˆ  2ˆj  3kˆ , DA = 2iˆ  3jˆ  6kˆ
1
Volume of tetrahedron = 1 4 3 AC = 8iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ and BD = 4iˆ  5jˆ  9kˆ
6
6 1 3
Here, AB = BC = CD = DA = 7
30
= and AC.BD  0  AC  BD
6
Hence, ABCD is a rhombus.
=5
A 78. In ABC, hypotenuse AB = p
74. AD is the median  AC  CB
ˆ ˆ ˆ
AB  AC 3i + 5j+ 4k 5iˆ  5j+
ˆ 2kˆ  AC.CB = 0 ....(i)
 AD = Now, AB.AC  BC.BA  CA.CB
2
bB D
D C   
= AB.AC  BC.  AB   AC .CB 
(3  5)iˆ  (5  5)ˆj  (4  2)kˆ = AB.AC  BC.AB  AC.CB
 AD =
2 
= AB. AC  BC  0  ....[From (i)]
ˆ ˆ
8i  6k
= = AB.  AC  CB 
2
= 4 î + 3 k̂ = AB.AB ....  AC  CB  AB
 l(AD) = | AD | = 16  9 = 5 units. = | AB |2 = p2
305
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

  2    
29. sin  3sin 1    = sin 3, 39. cot–1 x + cot–1 y =   tan 1 x  +   tan 1 y 
  5  2  2 

2  
Where  = sin–1   ....  tan –1 x  cot –1 x  
5  2
 2 2 =  – (tan–1 x + tan–1 y)
….   sin 1   , sin   
  5 5 4 
3 = =
= 3sin   4sin  5 5
3
2 2
= 3  – 4 
5 5 40. tan–1 ( 3 )  cot–1 (– 3 )
2 2 = tan–1 3 –    cot 1 3 
….[ = sin–1   , sin  = ]
5 5
= tan–1 3 + cot–1 3 –
6 32 118
= – =  
5 125 125 = –=–
2 2
30. cos–1 (cos12) – sin–1 (sin 14) = 12  14 = 2
1 2
3     
  1 2
31. tan –1
 tan  = tan
–1
 tan      41. tan –1
+ tan–1 = tan–1 2 11
 4    4  2 11 1 2
1 
2 11
 
= tan–1   tan  15 3
 4 = tan–1 = tan–1
20 4
 π 
= – tan–1  tan  =  42. tan–1 x – tan–1 y = tan–1 A
 4 4
 x y 
 tan–1  –1
 = tan A
32. If x = sec , then x 1 =
2
sec   1 = tan 
2
 1  xy 
1 x y
 cot–1 = cot–1 (cot ) =  = sec–1 x A=
x2  1 1  xy

33. cot 1   3  =   cot1  3  43.

3  8
sin–1   + sin–1  
 5 5  17 
= =
6 6 3 3 
2 2
 8  8
= sin–1  1     1   
34. cos–1 (–1) =   cos–1 1 =  – 0 =  5  17  17  5  

  1    1  …  sin 1 x + sin 1 y = sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 
35. sin   sin 1     = sin   sin 1   
3  2  3  2 
 3 15 8 4   77 
   = sin–1      = sin–1  
= sin    = sin = 1  5 17 17 5   85 
3 6 2
3 4
 5   5   44. cos–1 – sin–1 = cos–1 x
37. cos–1  cos  + sin–1 cos  = 5 5
 3   3 2
 3 16
  cos–1 – cos–1 1  = cos–1x
....  sin 1 x + cos 1 x =  5 25
 2
3 3
   cos–1 5 – cos–1 = cos–1 x
 1   1   5
38. cos cos 1    sin 1    = cos =0
  7   7  2  cos–1 x = 0  x = 1
221
 Chapter 05: Vectors
6. Volume of the parallelopiped formed by 9. Let c  2iˆ  3jˆ  4kˆ
vectors is
 a c  cb
1 a 1
i.e., V = 0 1 a = 1  a + a3  
 a  c   b  c  a  b  c  0  a  b || c  
a 0 1 
Let a  b  c 
2
dV d V  ab   c  29  |  | . 29   = 1
 = 1 + 3a2, = 6a
da da 2
 a  b = (2iˆ  3jˆ  4k)
ˆ
dV
For max. or min. of V,
da
=0
 
Now, a  b . 7iˆ  2ˆj  3kˆ   (14  6  12) 
1 1 =4
 a2 =  a=
3 3 10. Given,
2
d V 1 l a  mb  nc l b  mc  na l c  ma  nb   0
2
= 6a > 0 for a =  
da 3
 l a  mb  nc na  l b  mc ma  nb  l c   0
1
 V is minimum for a =
3 l m n
 n l m a b c   0
7. Given, a .b  b.c = c.a = 0 m n l
The scalar triple product of three vectors is l m n
[ a b c ] = (a  b).c  n l m 0 ....  a b c   0 
 a .b  0  ab m n l

 angle between a and b is  = 90  l3 + m3 + n3  3lmn = 0

 (l + m + n) (l2 + m2 + n2  lm  mn  nl) = 0
Similarly, [ a b c ] = | a | | b |n.c ˆ where n̂ is a
l+m+n=0
normal vector. A
 n̂ and c are parallel to each other 11. P
 [ a b c ] = | a | | b | | nˆ |.| c |  | a | | b | | c | . M

8. Given, r  b = c  b H

 
 r  c  b= 0 O

 r  c is parallel to b B C
D
 r  c =  b for some scalar 
 r = c  b ….(i)
 
 r . a = c.a +  b  a Let point O be the circumcentre of ABC.
Let a , b , c , p , d , h , m be the position
 0 = c.a +   b  a  ….  r  a  0(given)  vectors of the respective points.
a.c Since, h = a + b + c ….(Standard formula)
=
a.b ph pabc
 m= =
Substituting the value of  in (i), we get 2 2
a.c pabc bc pa
r= c b  DM  m  d =  =
a.b 2 2 2
pa 
 r.b = c.b 
a.c
(b.b)  DM  PA = 
 2 
1 2

  a  p = 2  a  p  = 0
2

a.b
(4) ….[ O is circumcentre,  OA = OP i.e., a = p]
 r.b 1  2=9
1  DM is perpendicular to PA.
307
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

15. Let position vector of Q be r  A(l, m, n), B(l, m, n), C(l, m, n)
Since, p divides PQ in the ratio 3 : 4 By distance formula,
AB2 = (l  l)2 + (m m)2 +(n + n)2 = 4m2 + 4n2
3r  4(3p  q)
 = p BC2 = (l + l)2 + (m  m)2 +(n n)2 = 4l2 + 4n2
3 4
CA2 = (l + l)2 + (m m)2 +(n  n)2 = 4l2 + 4m2
 7 p = 3 r + 12 p + 4 q AB2  BC 2  CA 2

 – 5p – 4q = 3 r l 2  m2  n 2
1 4m 2  4n 2  4l 2  4n 2  4l 2  4m 2
 r =
3

5p  4q  =
l 2  m2  n 2
16. A(3, 2, 0) =8
l 2
 m2  n 2 
=8
 l 2  m2  n 2
3 13 18. A(1, 0, 3)

B(5, 3, 2) D C (–9, 6, –3)

By distance formula,
AB = (5  3) 2  (3  2) 2  (2  0) 2 B(4, 7, 1) D C(3, 5, 3)

= 4 1 4 = 9=3 Let D be the foot of perpendicular and let it

AC = (3  9)  (2  6)  (0  3)
2 2 2
divide BC in the ratio  : 1 internally
= 144  16  9 = 169 = 13  3  4 5  7 3  1 
 D  , , 
 Point D divides seg BC in the ratio of 3 : 13   1  1  1 
 By section formula, AD = d  a
 mx  nx1 my2  ny1 mz 2  nz1   3  4  ˆ  5  7  ˆ  3  1  ˆ ˆ ˆ
D  2 , ,  = i    j  k  i  3k
 mn mn mn    1    1    1 


 3(9)  13(5) 3(6)  13(3) 3(3)  13(2)   2  3  ˆ  5  7  ˆ  2  ˆ
3  13
,
3  13
,
3  13
 = i    j k
    1    1    1

 27  65 18  39 9  26 
, ,  
BC = 3iˆ  5jˆ  3kˆ  4iˆ  7ˆj  kˆ 
 16 16 16 
= ˆi  2ˆj  2kˆ
 38 57 17   19 57 17 
  , ,   , ,  Since, AD  BC .
 16 16 16   8 16 16 
A(x1, y1, z1) AD . BC = 0
17.  2  3   5  7   2 
  ( 1)    ( 2)    (2)  0
   1     1    1
(l, 0, 0) (0, 0, n)
 2  3  10  14  4 = 0
7
  12  21 = 0   = 
4
B(x2, y2, z2) (0, m, 0) C(x3, y3, z3)   7  7  7 
x1 + x2 = 2l, x2 + x3 = 0, x3 + x1 = 0  3  4   4 5  4   7 3  4  1 
On solving we get x1 = l, x2 = l, x3 = l  D    ,   ,   
  7 1 7
 1
7
  1 
y1 + y2 = 0, y2 + y3 = 2m, y3 + y1 = 0  4 4 4
 
On solving we get y1 = m, y2 = m, y3 = m
z1 + z2 = 0, z2 + z3 = 0, z3 + z1 = 2n  21  16 35  28 21  4   5 7 17 
 , ,   , , 
On solving we get z1 = n, z3 = n, z2 = n  7  4 7  4 7  4  3 3 3 

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 Textbook
Chapter No.

06 Three Dimensional Geometry

Hints

Classical Thinking 10. cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1

 cos2 + cos2(90  ) + cos2  = 1
1. For every point (x, y, z) on X-axis y = 0, z = 0 ….[  +  = 90]
2. Let the direction cosines of the line be l, m, n  cos2  + sin2  + cos2  = 1
 l = cos 45º, m = cos 60º, n = cos 60º  cos2  +1 = 1
1 1 1  cos2  = 0
 l= ,m= and n =
2 2 2   = 90
1 1 1 11. Let l, m, n be the d.c.s of the line.
 d.c.s are , , .
2 2 2  l = cos ; m = cos 60; n = cos 45
Since, cos2  + cos2 60 + cos2 45 = 1
3. Let the d.c.s of the line be l, m, n
1 1 1
 l = cos 90, m = cos 60, n = cos 30  cos2 = 1   =
2 4 4
1 3
 l = 0, m = , n = 1
2 2  cos  = 
2
1 3
 d.c.s are 0, , 1 1 1
2 2  the d.c.s are  , ,
2 2 2
4. The d.c.s of Y-axis are
cos90, cos0, cos90 13. Let r = 2iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ
i.e. 0, 1, 0 |r|= 22  22  ( 1) 2  3
5. The d.c.s of X-axis are 1, 0, 0. x y z
 The d.c.s are , ,
7. For option (B), |r| |r| |r|
cos2  + cos2  + cos2   1 2 2 1
i.e., , ,
 option (B) is correct answer. 3 3 3
8. Since, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1 14. Let r = 3iˆ  4kˆ .
2
1 32  02  42 = 5
 k 2 +   + 02 = 1 |r| =
2
3 4
1 3  The d.c.s are , 0,
 k2 = 1 – = 5 5
4 4
3 a b c
k= 15. D.c.s are , ,
2 |r| |r| |r|
2 3 6
9. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 i.e., , ,
7 7 7
 cos2 45 + cos2 60 + cos2  = 1
1 1 1 16. A  (1, 2, 6) and B  (4, 5, 0)
 cos2  = 1     D.r.s of AB are 4  1, 5  2, 0  6
2 4 4
1 i.e., 5, 3, 6
 cos  = 
2 17. On Y-axis, x and z co-ordinates are zero.
  = 60 or 120 Hence, (B) is the correct option.
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
18. Since (–l)2 + (–m)2 + (–n)2 = 1, we can say Since, AB CD,
that –l, –m, –n are the direction cosines of the a1 b c
line.  = 1= 1
a 2 b2 c 2
l  m  n
Also that    1
l m n  1 =   1 = 2
Hence, we can say that –l, –m, –n are the d.r.s. 1 1 2
of the line. i.e.,   1 = 1   = 2
19. Let a, b, c be the d.r.s of the line. 25. Let A  (5, 2, 4), B  (6, 1, 2) and C  (8, 7, k)
 The d.c.s are given by  The d.r.s of AB are 6  5, 1  2, 2  4
a b c
, , i.e., 1, 3, 2, and
a b  c
2 2 2
a b  c
2 2 2
a  b2  c2
2
The d.r.s of BC are 8  6, 7 + 1, k  2
2 1 i.e. 2, 6, k  2
i.e., , ,
2  (1)  (2)
2 2 2
2  (1) 2  (2) 2
2
Since, the points A, B, C are collinear,
AB || BC
2
2 6 k2
2  (1) 2  (2) 2
2
 = =
1 3 2
2 1 2
i.e., , ,  k  2 = 4
3 3 3
 k = 2  4 = 2
20. The direction cosines are
26. Let A (2, 4, ), B (3, 6, 8), C (1, 2, 2)
2  5 2
, , The d.r.s of AB are
252 252 252
5, 10, +8, and
2  5 2 The d.r.s of AC are
i.e., , ,
3 3 3 3, 6, +2
21. The d.r.s of line through (1, 2, 3) and Since, the points A,B,C are collinear,
(2, 3, 1) are –2 – 1, 3 – 2, 1 – (–3) AB || AC
i.e. –3, 1, 4 5 10   8
  
 d.c.s are 3 6   2
3 1 4  5( + 2) = 3( + 8)
, ,
9 1 16 9  1  16 9  1  16  5 + 10 = 3 + 24
3 1 4  2 = 14
i.e. , ,
26 26 26 =7
22. The d.r.s of AB are 2 –14, –3 –5, 1 + 3 1 1 2
i.e. – 12, – 8, 4 i.e., 3, 2, – 1 27. Let, l1 = , m1 = , n1 =
6 6 6
3 2 1
 The d.c.s are , , 2 1 1
14 14 14 and l2 = , m2 = , n2 =
6 6 6
23. Let O(0, 0, 0) and P(1, 2, 3) be two points.  angle between the lines is
 Then the d.r.s of OP are 1, 2, 3 cos  = | l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 |
 The d.c.s of OP are
1  2   1  1   2  1 
1 2 3  cos  =      
, , 6  6   6  6   6  6 
14 14 14
1
24. D.r.s. of line through A(3, 1, 2), B(4, , 0) are  cos  =
6
4  3,   1, 0  2  1,   1, 2  a1, b1, c1
D.r.s. of line through C(1, 2, 1), D(2, 3, 1) 1
  = cos1  
are 2  1, 3  2, 1  1  1, 1, 2  a2, b2, c2 6
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 Chapter 06: Three Dimensional Geometry
28. Let, a1, b1, c1 = 5,  12, 13 2. We know that, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
and a2, b2, c2 = 3, 4, 5 Consider option (D)
2 2 2
a1 a 2  b1 b2  c1 c2  2   3   4  4  9  16
 cos =       = 25
a12  b12  c12  a 22  b 22  c22  25   25   25 
29
5  3   12  4  13(5) = 1
= 25
5  ( 12) 2  132  ( 3) 2  42  52
2
 correct answer is option (D).
15  48  65 3. Consider option (B)
=
13 2  5 2   
 cos2 + cos2 + cos2
1 4 3 3
=
65 1 1 1
=   =1
 1  2 4 4
  = cos–1    correct answer is option (B).
 65 
29. Here, A  (1, 2, 3), B  (4, 5, 7), 4. cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
2 2
C  (–4, 3, –6) and D  (2, 9, 2) 8 
196 2
cos  = ± 1       = ±    = 
14 1

 d.r.s of lines AB and CD are 3, 3, 4 and 6, 6, 8  15   3  9  225  15
respectively.
  3 6    3 6    4  8   5. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
  = cos1    cos2  + cos2 60 + cos2 60 = 1
 34. 136  1 1 1 1
 68   cos2  = 1   =1 =
= cos1  4 4 2 2
 = 0
 2  34  1
 cos  = 
2
2a  3  10
30. cos 45 =   = 45 or  = 135
2  (1) 2  22 a 2  32  52
2

6. Since, the line lies in ZOX plane, it makes an

1 2a  7 angle 90 with Y-axis
 =
2 3 a 2  34 Also, line makes angle 30 and   30 with
 9(a2 + 34) = 2(2a + 7)2 positive Z-axis and 60 and   60 with
 9a2 + 306 = 8a2 + 56a + 98 positive X-axis
 a2  56a + 208 = 0  d.c.s of the required line are
a=4  cos ,  cos ,  cos 
i.e.,  cos 60,  cos 0,  cos 30
31. Let a1, b1, c1 = 1, 2, 1 and
1 3
a2, b2, c2 = 2, 3, 4 i.e.  , 0, ±
Consider, 2 2
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 1(2) + (2)(3) + 1(4) 3 1 1
=0 7. cos  = 1   = which is not possible.
4 2 4
 OP  OQ.
8. Let l, m, n be the d.c.s of r .
Critical Thinking l=m=n
1. If , β,  are direction angles of any vector ….[  =  =   cos  = cos  = cos ]
OL , then those Now, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
of OL are   ,   ,    respectively l=
1
 correct answer is option (B). 3
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
9. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 4 6 12
 The d.c.s. of line are , ,
 cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 (  =  = ) r r r
1 1 2 3 6
 cos2  =  cos  = i.e., , ,
3 3 7 7 7
Now, sum of d.c.s. = l + m + n 15. Let , ,  be the angles which OP makes with
= cos  + cos  + cos  the co-ordinates axes,
= 3 cos  = 3  x = rcos , y = rcos , z = rcos 
x y z
10. cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2  cos  = ; cos  = ; cos  =
= 2cos2   1 + 2cos2   1 + 2cos2   1 r r r
= 2(cos2  + cos2  + cos2 )  3 x y z
So, the direction cosines are , , .
= 2(1)  3 = 1 r r r
11. sin2  + sin2  + sin2  1
16. We have l = cos45 = ,
= (1  cos2 ) + (1  cos2 ) + (1  cos2 ) 2
= 3  (cos2  + cos2  + cos2 ) = 3  (1) = 2 1
  m = cos60 = and n = cos
12. Let  = and  = 2
6 4 We know that l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
3 1 1 1
 cos  = and cos  =    n2  1
2 2 2 4
Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 3 1 1
 n2  1    n = 
3 1 4 4 2
 + + cos2  = 1
4 2 1
 cos = 
1 2
 cos2  = –
4
Square of a real number cannot be negative.
ˆ 
r = r li  mjˆ  nkˆ 
 option (A) is the correct answer.  1 ˆ 1ˆ 1 ˆ
 r = 12  i  j  k
13. The line makes angle  with Xaxis and  2 2 2 
Zaxis and  with Yaxis.
17. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
 l = cos , m = cos , n = cos 
cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1  cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 (  =  = )
 2cos2  = 1  cos2  1 1
 cos2  =  cos  =
 2 cos2  = sin2  …(i) 3 3
But sin2  = 3sin2  …(ii) 1 1 1
From (i) and (ii), we get  The d.c.s are  , , .
3 3 3
3sin2  = 2cos2 
The magnitude of the given vector is 6.
 3(1  cos2 ) = 2cos2 
3  r = 6 (cos  ˆi  cos  ˆj  cos  k)
ˆ
 3 = 5cos2   cos2  =
5 6 ˆ ˆ ˆ
= (i  j  k) =  2 3 (iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ
14. Let the length of the line segment be r and its 3
d.c.s be l, m, n. 18. For a line passing through origin, d.r.s are the
 The projections on the co-ordinate axes are lr, co-ordinates of the point.
mr, nr.
 lr = 4, mr = 6 and nr = 12 1 1 1
19. D.c.s. of the line are , ,
 l2r2 + m2r2 + n2r2 = (4)2 + (6)2 + (12)2 3 3 3
r2 (l2 + m2 + n2) = 16 + 36 + 144 1 1 1
 cos  = , cos  = , cos  =
r2 = 196 ….[ l2 + m2 + n2 = 1] 3 3 3
 r = 14 Hence, line is equally inclined to axes.
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
56.  = sin–1[sin (–600)] 2x –1 1  x
2
61. 3sin–1 – 4 cos
  = sin–1 [–(sin 240)] 1 x 2 1  x2
  = sin–1 [– sin(180 + 60)] 2x 
+ 2 tan–1 =
     1 x 2
3
  = sin–1 (sin60) = sin–1 sin    
  3  3 Putting x = tan , we get
 cos x  sin x   2 tan   –1  1  tan  
2
–1  1  tanx  3sin–1   – 4 cos  
57. tan–1   = tan    1  tan    1  tan  
2 2

 cos x + sin x   1  tan x 

  2 tan   
π  + 2 tan–1   = 3
= tan–1  tan   x    1  tan  
2

 4 
 3sin–1 (sin 2) – 4 cos1 (cos2)

= –x 
4 + 2 tan–1 (tan 2) =
3
 a cos x  bsin x   a 
   tan x  
1 b cos x –1  b  3(2) – 4 (2) + 2(2) =
58. tan   = tan   3
 b cos x  a sin x  1  a tan x 
  
b cos x  b   6 – 8 + 4 =
3
a
= tan–1 – tan–1(tan x)  
b =  tan–1 x =
6 6
a
= tan–1 –x  1
b  x = tan =
6 3
  
 sin (  x) 
1 cos x  1 2  1  x2  1 
59. tan   = tan
 
 1  sin x   62. tan–1  
1  cos (  x)   x 
 2   
  x  x   1  tan 2   1 
 2sin (  )cos (  )  = tan–1  
= tan–1  4 2 4 2  tan  

2  x
 2cos (  )  (Putting x = tan )
 4 2 
 sec   1  1  cos  
   x   x = tan–1   = tan –1  
= tan1  tan        tan    sin  
  4 2  4 2
 2  
 3a 2 x  x 3  –1  3a x  x 
2 3
 2sin 2 
60. tan–1  2  = tan  2  = tan–1 
 a(a  3 x ) 
2
 a  3ax 
3
 
 2sin cos 
  x   x 3   2 2
 3         1
a a
= tan–1     2  = tan–1  tan  = = tan–1 x
 x   2 2 2
 1  3  
 a  63. Let x = sin  and x = sin 
x Hence
Put = tan 
a
 sin–1 (x 1 x – x 1  x2 )
 The given expression becomes
 3tan   tan 3   = sin–1 (sin 1  sin 2  – sin  1  sin 2  )
tan–1  –1
 = tan (tan 3)
 1  3tan   = sin–1 (sin  cos  – sin  cos )
2

x = sin–1 sin ( – )
= 3 = 3tan–1
a =  –  = sin–1 (x) – sin–1 ( x )

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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
32. Since, the three lines are mutually
1(2)  2(3)  1(4)
28.  = cos1 perpendicular
12  22  12 22  (3) 2  4 2  l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 = 0
 l2l3 + m2m3 + n2n3 = 0
 = cos–1 (0) = l3l1 + m3m1 + n3n1 = 0
2
Also, l12 + m12 + n12 = 1,
29. Given, A  (1, 2, 1), B  (2, 0, 3), C  (3, 1, 2)
The d.r.s of AB = 1, 2, 4 and d.r.s of l22 + m22 + n 22 = 1,
AC = 2, 3, 3 l32 + m32 + n32 = 1
1(2)  ( 2) ( 3)  4(3) Now, (l1 + l2 + l3)2 + (m1 + m2 + m3)2
 cos =
1  4  16 4  9  9 + (n1 + n2 + n3)2
2  6  12 20 = (l12  m12  n12 ) + (l22  m 22  n 22 ) + (l32  m 32  n 32 )
 cos =  + 2 (l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2) + 2(l2l3 + m2m3 +
21 22 462
n2n3)
 462 cos = 20 + 2 (l3l1 + m3m1 + n3n1)
30. l+m+n=0 =3
 l = (m + n) and lm = 0  (m + n)m = 0  (l1 + l2 + l3)2 + (m1 + m2 + m3)2
 m = 0 or m + n = 0  m = 0 or m = n +(n1 + n2 + n3)2 = 3
If m = 0, then l =  n Hence, direction cosines of required line are :
l m n l1 + l2 + l3 m1 + m 2 + m 3 n1 + n 2 + n 3
 = = , ,
1 0 1 3 3 3
If m = n, then l = 0 33. Y
l m n
 = =
0 1 1
(0, a, 0) C B (a, a, 0)
 the d.r.s of the lines are proportional to
1, 0, 1 and 0, 1, 1 D F(a, a, a)
 angle between them is (0, a, a)
0  0 1 1 A
cos  = = X
1 0 1 0 11 2 E
O (a, 0, 0)
π (0, 0, a)
 =
3
31. l + m  n = 0 and l2 + m2  n2 = 0
Z
 l + m = n and l2 + m2 = n2 The d.r.s of diagonal EB = a, a, a
Putting l + m = n in l2 + m2 = n2, we get The d.r.s of diagonal AD = a, a, a
l2 + m2 = (l + m)2  Angle between EB and AD is
 2lm = 0  l = 0 or m = 0
a 2  a 2  a 2
If l = 0, then m = n cos  =
3a 2
l m n
 = =
0 1 1 1
  = cos1  
If m = 0, then l = n  3
l m n
 = = 34. As d.r.s. are proportional, the required lines
1 0 1 are parallel to the given lines.
 the d.r.s of the lines are proportional to 0, 1, 1  (d.r.s.)1  2, 3, 6 and (d.r.s.)2  3, 4, 5
and 1, 0, 1.
6  12  30 36 18 2
0(1)  1(0)  1(1) 1  cos  = = =
 cos  =
0 11 1 0 1 2
= 49 50 7 5 2  
7  5

 18 2 
1    = cos1 
 35 
1
  = cos    =
2 3  

314
 Chapter 06: Three Dimensional Geometry
35. Let A  (–2, 1, –8) and B  (a, b, c)
 the d.r.s of the line AB are a + 2, b  1, c + 8 Competitive Thinking
Since, AB is parallel to the line whose d.r.s are
6, 2, 3. 2. cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2
a  2 b 1 c  8 = 2 cos2   1 + 2 cos2   1 + 2 cos2   1
   = 2 (cos2  + cos2  + cos2 )  3 = 2(1)  3 = 1
6 2 3
Only option (A) satisfies this condition. 3. l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
2 2
36. The d.r.s of AB and CD are 1, 2, 2 and 1 1 2
   +   +n =1
2, 3, 4 respectively 2  3
Now, a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 1(2) + 2(3) + (2) (4) 23 23
=0  n2 =  n =
36 6
 AB  CD, 2 2 2
 projection of AB on CD is 0. 4. l +m +n =1
1 1 1
a b c  2
+ 2 + 2 =1
37. As = = c c c
 1   1   1  2
      c =3 c= 3
bc
  ca
   ab 
the lines are parallel. 5. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
 cos2 45 + cos2 120 + cos2  = 1
ˆi ˆj kˆ 1 1 1 1
 cos2  = 1   =  cos  = 
38. l1 m1 n1 2 4 4 2
l2 m2 n2 Since,  is an acute angle.
1
= i (m1n2 – m2n1) + ĵ (n1l2 – l1n2)  cos  =   = 60
2
+ k̂ (l1m2 – m1l2) 6. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
 The d.c.s are  cos2120 + cos2 + cos260 = 1
m1n2  m2n1, n1l2  n2l1, l1m2  l2m1 2 2
1
   + cos2 +   = 1
1
ˆi ˆj kˆ  2  2
39. 2 1 3 = – 5 î – 5 ĵ – 5 k̂ 1 1
 cos2 = 1  
1 2 1 4 4
2 1
 d.r.s of line are 5, –5, –5  cos  =
2
i.e. 1, 1,1 1
 cos  =    = 45 or 135
 1 1 1 2
 the d.c.s are , ,
3 3 3 7. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
 
40. The vectors 4 î + ĵ+ 3 k̂ and 2 î  3 ĵ + k̂ will  cos2 + cos2 + cos2  = 1
lie along the given lines. 4 4
The vector perpendicular to these vectors is 1 1
 cos2  = 1   = 0
given by 2 2
(4 î + ĵ+ 3 k̂ )  (2 î  3 ĵ+ k̂ ) 
 cos  = 0   =
ˆi ˆj kˆ 2
= 4 1 3 = 10 î + 2 ĵ 14 k̂ 8. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
 
2 3 1  cos2   + cos2   + cos2 = 1
4  4 
 The d.r.s of required line are 1 1
10, 2, 14.  cos2 = 1  
2 2
1 1 7 
 The d.c.s. are , ,  cos2 = 0   =
3 5 3 5 3 2

315
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
9. cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 15. Let the length of the line segment be r and its
2 2 2
 cos 45 + cos  + cos  = 1 ….(  = ) direction cosines be l, m, n.
 The projections on the co-ordinate axes are lr,
2 1 1 mr, nr.
 2cos  = 1  =
2 2  lr = 3, mr = 4 and nr = 5
1  l2r2 + m2r2 + n2r2 = 32 + 42 + 52
 cos2  =
4 r2 (l2 + m2 + n2) = 9 + 16 + 25
  = 60 = 
r2 = 50 ….[ l2 + m2 + n2 = 1]
  +  +  = 165°
r= 50 = 5 2
10. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
 cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 ….( =  = ) 16. The projections on the co-ordinate axes are
 3 cos2  = 1 lr, mr, nr.
1  lr = 2, mr = 3 and nr = 6
 cos2  =  l2r2 + m2r2 + n2r2 = 4 + 9 + 36
3
1 r2 (l2 + m2 + n2) = 49
 cos  = 
3 r=7
Now, l = m = n = cos  17. d.r.s. of line are 2  4, 1  3, 8  (5)
1 i.e., 6, 2, 3
 l=m=n=
3 i.e. 6, 2, 3
11. Since, 18. AD is the median
 =  =   cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1   1 5  3   2    1 2
 1 
 D  , ,   , 4, 
 cos  =     2 2 2   2 2 
 3
 1 2
So, there are four lines whose direction cosines are  d.r.s. of AD are  2, 4  3, 5
2 2
 1 1 1   1 1 1   1 1 1 
 , , ,  , ,   , , ,  5  8
 3 3 3  3 3 3  3 3 3 i.e. , 1, …(i)
2 2
 1 1 1  Since AD is equally inclined to co-ordinate
 , , .
 3 3 3 axes, its d.r.s. are 1, 1, 1
12. Since, the vector is equally inclined to the Option (D) satisfies (i).
co-ordinate axes,
1 19. The d.c.s. are
l=m=n=  1 3 2
3 , ,
1 9  4 1 9  4 1 9  4
13. cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 1 1 3 2
1  cos 2 1  cos 2 1  cos 2  , , .
   1 14 14 14
2 2 2
 cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + 3 = 2 20. d.r.s. of line are 2  4, 1  3, 8 + 5
 cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + 1 = 0 i.e., 6, 2, 3 i.e., 6, 2, 3
6 2 3
α β γ  The d.c.s. are , ,
14. cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 1 7 7 7
2 2 2
Now, cos  + cos  + cos  21. The d.r.s of OP are 3, 12, 4
α β γ  The required d.c.s. are
= 2cos2  1 + 2cos2  1 + 2cos2 1
2 2 2 3 12 4
i.e., , ,
= 2(1)  3 = 1 13 13 13
316
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

  1   1   1   1   
3
 1
81. sin 3sin 1    = sin sin 3    4      1 
  5     5   5    1 5  + cot–1 3
87. sin–1 + cot–1 3 = cot–1 
5  1 
 3 4   1  75  4   
= sin sin 1     = sin sin  125    5 
  5 125     
= cot–1(2) + cot–1(3)
 71  71
= sin sin 1 =  2  3 1


125  125 = cot–1  
 3 2 
  7    7  7 
82. cot cos 1     cot  cot 1    = = cot–1 (1) =
  25     24   24 4
 x  88. On expanding determinant,
....  cos 1 x = cot-1 
1  x2  cos2 (A + B) + sin2 (A + B) + cos 2B = 0

 1 + cos2B = 0  cos2B = cos
83. Let sin1x =   x = sin  
1 1  2B = 2n +   B = (2n + 1) , n  Z.
cos  2sin 1 x    cos 2 = 2
9 9
1 1 Competitive Thinking
 1  2sin2 =  1 – 2x2 =
9 9 1. tan2 x = 1
1 8 4  
 2x2 = 1 – =  x2 =  tan2 x = tan2  x = n 
9 9 9 4 4
2 2. No solution as | sin x |  1, |cos x | 1 and both
x=
3 of them do not attain their maximum value for
  1  the same angle.
84. sin  2 tan 1    + cos [tan–1 (2 2 )]
  3  3. cot  + tan  = 2
 2/3  1
= sin  tan 1  + cos [tan–1 (2 2 )]  + tan  = 2  1 + tan2  = 2 tan 
 11 / 9  tan 
3 2 tan 
= sin [ tan–1 ] + cos [tan–1 2 2 ]  = 1  sin 2 = 1
4 1  tan 2 
  
  3     2 = n + (1)n
   1  2
 1  4 
= sin sin  cos  cos 1 n 
2  2 


 3
1   


 
1 2 2  

=
2
 (1)n
4
4 
3 1 14 4. tan 2 = 1
= + = The value of tan  is positive if  is in 1st and
5 3 15
3rd quadrant.
 3   Option (B) is the correct answer.
85. Given, tan–1 x = sin–1  
 10 
 3
  3  5. The given equation is defined for x  , .
 x = tan sin 1  –1 2 2
  = tan {tan 3}
  10   Now, sec x cos 5x + 1 = 0
x=3  sec x cos 5x = 1
 1 4   cos 5x =  cos x
86. tan  cos 1  sin 1   cos 5x + cos x = 0
 5 2 17 
 2 cos 3x.cos 2x = 0
= tan (tan–1 7 – tan–1 4)  cos 3x = 0 or cos 2x = 0
  7  4  3  
= tan  tan 1   =  3x = (2n  1) or 2x = (2n  1)
  1  28   29 2 2
231
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
34. Let the direction ratios of the line 1 5 3
 the required d.c.s. are , , .
perpendicular to both the lines be a, b, c. 35 35 35
The line is perpendicular to the lines with
Direction ratios 1, 2, 2 and 0, 2, 1 36. If the straight line makes angles , , ,  with
diagonals of a cube, then
 a + 2b + 2c = 0 ….(i)
4
2b + c = 0 ….(ii) cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2 =
Solving (i) and (ii), we get 3
a b c 1  cos 2 1  cos 2
= =  +
2 1 2 2 2
 The d.r.s. of the line are 2, 1, 2. 1  cos 2 1  cos 2 4
+ + =
2 1 2 2 2 3
 The required d.c.s. of the line are , , . 8
3 3 3  cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2 =  4
3
35. The d.r.s. of the two lines are 1, 1, 2 and
4
2, 1, 1  cos2 + cos2 + cos2 + cos2 =
3
Let d.r.s. of the line be a, b, c.
 a  b + 2c = 0 ….(i) 4
37. cos2  + cos2  + cos2  + cos2  =
and 2a + b  c = 0 ….(ii) 3
Solving (i) and (ii), we get 4
 1  sin2  + 1 sin2  +1  sin2  +1 sin2  =
a b c 3
 
1 5 3 4 8
 sin2  + sin2  + sin2  + sin2  = 4  =
 d.r.s. of the line are 1, 5, 3. 3 3

Evaluation Test

1.  =  = 2 = l12 l22  l12 m 22  l12 n 22  l22 m12  m12 m 22  m12 n 22


  = ,  = + l22 n12  m 22 n12  n12 n 22  l12l22  m12 m 22  n12 n 22
2
2l1l2 m1m 2  2m1m 2 n1n 2  2n1n 2l1l2
Since, cos  + cos2 + cos2 = 1
2

 = l12 m 22  2l1l2 m1m 2  l22 m12  m12 n 22  2m1m 2 n1n 2

 cos2 + cos2 + cos2 =1
2  m 22 n12  l22 n12  2l1l2 n1n 2  l12 n 22
1  cos  = (l1m2  l2m1)2 + (m1n2  m2n1)2 + (n1l2  n2l1)2
 2cos2 + =1
2
 4 cos2 + cos  1 = 0 3. Given, A(2, 3, 7), B(1, 3, 2), C(p, 5, r)
1  1  16 1  17 Let D be the midpoint of BC.
 cos  = 
2(4) 8  1  p 3  5 2  r   p  1 r  2 
 D  , ,   , 4, 
If  is acute, then cos  is positive.  2 2 2   2 2 
17  1 p 1 r2
 cos  =  d.r.s. of AD are 2, 4 – 3, 7
8 2 2
p5 r  12
2. cos = l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 i.e., , 1,
2 2
sin2= 1 – cos2 
Since, AD is equally inclined to the axes
= 1.1  cos2 
p5 r  12
=  l12  m12  n12   l22  m 22  n 22   =1=
2 2
 (l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2)2  p = 7, r = 14

318
 Chapter 06: Three Dimensional Geometry
4. The d.r.s of AB are 3  1, 2  4, 6  5 Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
i.e. 2, –2, 1 2(l2 + m2 + n2)  2(lm + mn + nl)
Let a1, b1, c1 = 2, 2, 1  lm + mn + nl  1
d.r.s. of BC are 1 – 3, 4 – 5, 5  3  The maximum value of lm + mn + nl is 1.
i.e., 2, 1, 2
7. Let A = (a, 2, 3), B  (3, b, 7) and
Let a2, b2, c2 = 2, 1, 2
C  (3, 2, 5)
 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 2(2) + (2)(1) + 1(2)
d.r.s of AB are 3  a, b  2, 4
=4+2+2=0
d.r.s of BC are 6, 2b, 12
 AB and BC are perpendicular.
Since the points are collinear
 mABC = 90
3a b  2 4
  
5. The given equations are 6 2  b 12
6mn  2nl + 5lm = 0, and ….(i)  a = 2, b = 4
3l + m + 5n = 0
8. Let the d.r.s of the line perpendicular to both
 m = –3l  5n ….(ii)
the lines be a, b, c.
Substituting value of m in equation (i),
d.r.s of lines is 1, 1, 0 and 2, 1, 1
we get
 ab=0 ….(i)
6(3l  5n)n  2nl + 5l(– 3l  5n) = 0
2a  b + c = 0 ….(ii)
 18ln  30n2  2nl  15l2  25nl = 0
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
 15l2 + 45ln + 30n2 = 0
a b c
 l2 + 3ln + 2n2 = 0  
1 1 1
 (l + n)(l + 2n) = 0
 d.r.s of the line are 1, 1, 1
 l = n or l = 2n
1 1 1
If l = n, then m = 2n  the required d.c.s are , ,
l n m n 3 3 3
  and 
1 1 2 1 9. Since cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
l m n  cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 ….[  =  = ]
  
1 2 1
 3 cos2  = 1
 d.r.s. of the 1st line are 1, 2, 1.
1
If l = 2n, then m = n  cos  = 
l n m n 3
  and  1
2 1 1 1  l = m = n = cos  = 
l m n 3
  
2 1 1
 d.r.s. of the 2nd line are 2, 1, 1.
1  (2)  2  1  (1)  1
 cos  =
1  22  (1) 2 ( 2) 2  12  12
2

2  2  1 1
= 
6 6 6
 1 
  = cos1  
 6 
6. Since, (l  m)2  0
 l2  2lm + m2  0
 l2 + m2  2lm ….(i)
Similarly, m2 + n2  2mn ….(ii)
and n2 + l2  2nl ….(iii)
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 Textbook
Chapter No.

07 Line
Hints

 2 1 
Classical Thinking  The given line passes through  , ,1 ,
3 2 
1. On X-axis, y = 0 and z = 0 and has direction ratios proportional to 2, 3, 2.
2. On Y-axis, the co-ordinates of x and z = 0  The vector equation is
2 1 
3. Equation of X-axis is y = 0, z = 0. r =  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  +  (2 î + 3 ĵ + 2 k̂ )
3 2 
Hence y and z remain fixed.
9. Given cartesian equation of the line is
4. Vector equation of line passing through a and 6x – 2 = 3y + 1 = 1 – 2z
parallel to b is  1  1  1
 6 x   = 3 y   = – 2z  
r  a  b  3  3  2

 r = (iˆ  ˆj  3k)
ˆ + ˆi + 2jˆ  5k)
ˆ 1 1 1
x y z
 3 = 3 = 2
5. Let A  (2, 1, 1) 1 2 3
 a  2iˆ + ˆj  kˆ  1 1 1 
The given line passes through  , ,  and
3 3 2
b  ˆi + 2jˆ  kˆ
the direction ratios are proportional to 1, 2,  3
Now, r = (2iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ +  ˆi  2ˆj+ k)
ˆ  The vector equation is
1 1 1 
6. The given line passes through (3, –4, 6) r =  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  + ( î + 2 ĵ – 3 k̂)
3 3 2 
The d.r.s. of line are 2, 5, 3
 The given line is parallel to 2iˆ  5jˆ  3kˆ 11. The given vector equation is
r = 3 î – 5 ĵ + 7 k̂ +  (2 î + ĵ – 3 k̂)
 The vector equation of the line is
 The line passes through (3, 5, 7) and has
r  (3iˆ  4jˆ  6k)
ˆ  (2iˆ  5jˆ  3k)
ˆ
direction ratios 2, 1, 3
7. The given line passes through (5,  4, 6) x3 y 5 z7
 The equation of line is  
The d.r.s. of line are 3, 7, 2 2 1 3

 The given line is parallel to 3 î + 7 ĵ + 2 k̂ 12. The required lines passes through (2, 1, 1)
and has d.r.s. proportional to 2, 7, 3
 The vector equation of the line is
 The equation of line is
r = 5 î  4 ĵ + 6 k̂ + (3 î + 7 ĵ + 2 k̂ )
r  2i  j  k   (2i  7j  3k)

8. Given, cartesian equation of the line is
3x – 2 = 2y + 1 = 3z – 3 x  2 y  3 z 1
13. The line is parallel to  
 2  1 3 1 2
 3  x   = 2  y   = 3(z – 1)  d.r.s of line are 3, 1, 2
 3  2
also, the line passes through origin
2 1
x y  The equation of line is
 3 = 2 = z 1
2 3 2 r = 3iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ

320
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Squaring on both sides, we get 9(1 – s) = 4s2, 1 
Let sin–1 = , 0 <  < are the solutions
where s = sin2 3 2
 4s2 + 9s – 9 = 0 in [0, 5]. Then, ,  – , 2 + , 3 – ,
3 4 + , 5 –  are the solutions in [0, 5].
 (s + 3) (4s – 3) = 0  s =  number of solutions = 6
4
….[ sin 2  –3] 57. sin 2x + cos 2x = 0
 (sin 2x + cos 2x)2 = 0
3
 sin2 = = sin   sin2 2x + cos2 2x + 2 sin 2x cos 2x = 0
4
 1 + sin 4x = 0  sin 4x = 1
 2 = n + (–1)n 
  
1   3   4x = n + (1)n  
=  n  ( 1) n sin 1     2 
2   4 

 4x = n + (1)n+1
1 1  tan 2  2
54. Using sec 2 = = , we can
cos 2 1  tan 2  n 
 x=  (1)n 1
write the given equation as 4 8
1  tan 2  11 15
tan2 + =1  For  < x < 2, the values of x are , .
1  tan 2  8 8
 tan2  (1 – tan2) + 1 + tan2  = 1 – tan2 
58. 2sin2 = 3cos
 3tan2  – tan4  = 0
 2 – 2cos2  = 3 cos
 tan2  (3 – tan2 ) = 0
 2cos2  + 3 cos  – 2 = 0
 tan  = 0 or tan2  = 3
3  9  16 3  5
  cos  = =
 tan  = 0 or tan2  = tan2 4 4
3
Neglecting (–) sign, we get

  = m or  = n  , 1  
3 cos  = = cos     = 2n 
2 3 3
where m and n are integers.
 5
The values of  between 0 and 2 are , .
55. 2 3 cos  = tan  3 3
 2 3 cos2  = sin 

2
 2 3 sin  + sin  – 2 3 = 0 59. 5 cos2 + 2cos2 +1=0
2
1  7 8  5(2 cos2  – 1) + (1 + cos ) + 1 = 0
 sin  =  sin  = ,
4 3 4 3  10 cos2  + cos – 3 = 0
which is not possible  (5 cos + 3) (2 cos – 1) = 0
6 3  1 3
and sin  = = = sin  cos  = , cos = –
4 3 2 3 2 5
  3
  = n + (–1)n   = ,  – cos–1  
3 3 5
56. 3 sin2 x – 7 sin x + 2 = 0 60. 2sin2 + 3 cos  + 1 = 0
 3sin2 x – 6 sin x – sin x + 2 = 0
 2 – 2cos2  + 3 cos  + 1 = 0
 3sin x (sin x – 2) – (sin x – 2) = 0 2
 (3 sin x – 1) (sin x – 2) = 0  2 cos  – 3 cos  – 3 = 0
1 3  3  24 3(1  3)  1
 sin x = or 2  cos = = = 3  
3 4 4  2
1 5
 sin x = ….[ sin x  2] =
3 6
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

27. Line L1: r = (2 ĵ  3 k̂ ) + ( î + 2 ĵ+ 3 k̂ ) Solving equations (ii) and (iii), we get
 =  1,  = 1.
Line L2: r = (2 î + 6 ĵ+ 3 k̂ ) + (2 î + 3 ĵ+ 4 k̂ )
Equation (i) holds true for these values.
L1 and L2 can be written in cartesian form as
 Intersection is ( 1,  1,  1).
x y2 z3
L1: = = and
1 2 3 29. The point (4, 0, 1) satisfies both equations.
x2 y6 z3  The two lines intersect at (4, 0, 1)
L2: = =
2 3 4 Alternate method:
The point (2, 6, 3) satisfies both the equations. x 1 y 1
Let = = ; z = 1
 it is the point of intersection. 3 1
Alternate method:  general point on this line is
x y2 z3 (3 + 1,   + 1,  1)
L1: = = =
1 2 3 x4 z 1
 x = , y = 2 + 2, z = 3  3. Also, = = ; y = 0
2 3
x2 y6 z3
L2: = = =  general point on this line is
2 3 4
(2 + 4, 0, 3  1)
 x = 2  + 2, y = 3  + 6, z = 4  + 3
For  = 1 and  = 0, they have a common
Co-ordinates of a point on the line L1 are
point on them. i.e., (4, 0, 1)
( , 2 + 2, 3  3)
Co-ordinates of a point on the line L2 are 30. Co-ordinate of any point on Y-axis is
(2 + 2, 3 + 6, 4 + 3) x = 0, z = 0 i.e. (0, y, 0)
They intersect. Therefore, their co-ordinates  The foot of perpendicular from the point
must be same. (, , ) on Y-axis is (0, , 0)
  = 2 + 2, 2 + 2 = 3 + 6, 3  3 = 4 + 3
   2 = 2 ….(i) 31. Any point on Z-axis is (0, 0, z)
2  3  = 4 .....(ii)  The foot of perpendicular from the point
3  4  = 6 ….(iii) (a, b, c) on Z-axis is (0, 0, c)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
 = 2,  = 0. 32. Distance from X-axis = y2  z2 = b2  c2
Equation (i) holds true for these values.
 Intersection is (2, 6, 3). 33. Distance = y 2  z2 = 9  16 = 5
28. The point (1, 1, 1) satisfies both the
equations so it is the point of intersection 34. Distance from Z-axis = x2  y 2 = 5
Alternate method:
x 1 y 2 z3 35. Distance from Y-axis = 1  9 = 10
Let = = =
2 3 4
 x = 1 + 2 , y = 2 + 3, z = 3 + 4.
36.  
Let p  = 2i  j  kˆ

x4 y1 z Comparing the equation of line with

Let = = = r  a   b , we get
5 2 1
 x = 4 + 5 , y = 1 + 2 , z =  a  i  2j  2k , b  3i  k
Co-ordinates of a point on the first line are
Now,
(1 + 2 , 2 + 3, 3 + 4)
Co-ordinates of a point on the second line are   a  3i  j  k
(4 + 5, 1 + 2, )   a  32  (1)2  (1)2
They intersect. Therefore, their co-ordinates
must be same. = 11
 1 + 2 = 4 + 5, 2 + 3 = 1 + 2 , 3 + 4 = 
 2  5  = 3 ….(i)    a .b = (3i  j  k).(3i
   k)


3  2  =  1 .....(ii) =9–1
4   =  3 ….(iii) =8
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 Chapter 07: Line
 The distance of point from the line is x y 1 z  2
38. = =
  1 2 3
2
   a .b 
2
d a   Any point on the line is P (, 2 + 1, 3 + 2)
 b  Given point is A (1, 6, 3)
 
 the d.r.s of the line AP are
88 46 23  – 1, 2 + 1 – 6, 3 + 2 – 3
= 11  = =
10 10 5   – 1, 2 – 5, 3 – 1
Since, AP is perpendicular to the given line,
37. Let A  (2, 4, – 1)
(1)( – 1) + (2)(2 – 5) + (3)(3 – 1 ) = 0
x5 y3 z6
Let = = =    1 + 4   10 + 9  3 = 0
1 4 9
 14  14 = 0   = 1
Any point on the line is
 P  (1, 3, 5)
P  ( – 5, 4 – 3, – 9  + 6)
The d.r.s. of the line AP are  AP = (1  1) 2  (6  3) 2  (3  5) 2 = 13
2 –  + 5, 4 – 4 + 3, – 1 + 9 – 6
Since, AP is perpendicular to the given line, 40. First line passes through
1(2   + 5) + 4(4  4 + 3)  9(1 + 9  6) = 0 (x1, y1, z1) = (4, 1, 0) and has d.r.s
 2 –  + 5 + 16 – 16 + 12 + 9 – 81 + 54 = 0 a1, b1, c1 = 1, 2, 3
 98 – 98 = 0   = 1 Second line passes through
The point P is (1 – 5, 4 – 3, –9 + 6)  (4, 1, 3) (x2, y2, z2) = (1, 1, 2) and has d.r.s
a2, b2, c2 = 2, 4, 5
 2   4     4  1   1  3
2 2 2
AP =  Shortest distance between them is
= 36  9  4 = 7 x2  x1 y2  y1 z 2  z1
Alternate method: a1 b1 c1
Since the point is (2, 4, 1) d=
a2 b2 c2
 a = 2, b = 4, c = 1  b1c2  b 2c1    c1a 2  c2a1    a1b 2  a 2b1 
2 2 2

Given equation of line is

x5 y3 z6 1  4 1  1 2  0
  1 2 3
1 4 9
Comparing with 2 4 5
d=
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 10  12    6  5
2 2
  ,  (4  4) 2
a b c
x1 = 5, y1 = 3, z1 = 6 3  2   0  2  0  6
= =
d.r.s. are 1, 4, 9 5 5
1 4 9 Alternate method:
 d.c.s. are , ,
98 98 98 Shortest distance between the lines
 Perpendicular distance of point from the line is r1 = a1   b1 and r 2 = a 2  b2 is given by
(a  x1 ) 2  (b  y1 ) 2  (c  z1 ) 2 
d=
a 2 
 a1  b1  b 2 
  (a  x1 )l  (b  y1 )m  (c  z1 )n 
2
b1  b 2
(2  5)  (4  3)  (1  6) 
2 2 2

Here a1 = 4 î – ĵ, a 2 = î – ĵ + 2 k̂
  1 4 9 
2

 (2  5)  (4  3)  (1  6)  b1 = î + 2 ĵ – 3 k̂ , b 2 = 2 î + 4 ĵ – 5 k̂
 98 98 98 
Now a 2 – a1 = – 3 î + 2 k̂
98  98 ˆi ˆj kˆ
 49  49  49 
98
b1  b 2 = 1 2 3 = 2 î – ĵ
= 49
2 4 5
=7
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 Shortest distance (d) =

 3i  2k . 2i  j (a2, b2, c2) = (3, 4, 5)
2 1 4  2 53
4 1 0
2 3 4

6 3 4 5
=  d=
5 15  16 2  12  10 2   8  9 2
6 1( 1)  2( 2)  2( 1)
= =
5 ( 1) 2  (2) 2  ( 1) 2
41. Here, (x1, y1, z1) = (1, 1, 0) 1
=
(x2, y2, z2) = (2, 1, 0) 6
(a1, b1, c1) = (2, 0, 1)
44. The given equation of lines are
(a2, b2, c2) = (1, 1, 1) x  a  2 y  12z and x  y  2a  6z  6a
2  1 1  1 0  0 xa y z x y  2a z  a
i.e., = = and = =
2 0 1 12 6 1 6 6 1
1 1 1 a 2a a
d=
 0  12  1  2 2   2  0 2 12 6 1
6 6 1
1 0  1 d=
= ( 6  6) 2  (6  12) 2  (72  36) 2
14
 a  12   2a  12  6   a  72  36 
1 =
= 122  182  362
14
12a  36a  36a 84a
= = = 2a
42. Here, (x1, y1, z1) = (3, 5, 7) 1764 42
(x2, y2, z2) = (1, 1, 1) 45. Since, the line intersect each other,
(a1, b1, c1) = (1, 2, 1) x2  x1 y2  y1 z 2  z1
(a2, b2, c2) = (7, 6, 1)  a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2
4 6 8
1 2 1 2  1 2  k 1  1
7 6 1  3 6 2  0
d= 1 4 1
 2  6    7  1   6  14 
2 2 2

 1 (6 + 8)  (2  k) (3  2) + 0 = 0
16  36  64  2 + (2  k) 5 = 0
=
2 29  12  5k = 0
116 12
= k=
5
2 29
46. Comparing the given equations with
= 2 29
r  a1   b1 and
43. Here, (x1, y1, z1) = (1, 2, 3) r  a 2   b 2 we get

(x2, y2, z2) = (2, 4, 5) a1   i  3j  k , and a 2  3i  j

(a1, b1, c1) = (2, 3, 4) b1  b 2  b  5i  j  4k

324
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
4 5x 3x 5x x
69. sec2  =  2cos  cos  2cos  cos = 0
3 2 2 2 2
2
3  3 5x  3x x
 cos    
2
  cos  cos  cos  = 0
4  2  2  2 2
5x x
  cos .2cos x .cos = 0
 cos2   cos 2   2 2
6  
  x = (2n + 1) , (2k + 1) or (2m + 1) 
   n  5 2
6  3 7 9  3
….[ cos2  = cos2    = n  ]  x = , , , , , , in 0  x < 2
5 5 5 5 2 2
70. cot  = sin 2, (  n) 73. Let the angles of the triangle be x, 2x and 3x.
cos  Then, x + 2x + 3x = 180  x = 30
 = 2 sin  cos   angles of the triangle are 30, 60 and 90.
sin 
 a : b : c = sin30: sin60 : sin90
 2 sin2  cos  = cos  1 3
 cos  (2 sin2  – 1) = 0 = : :1=1: 3 :2
2 2
1
 cos  = 0 or sin2  = 74. Let x be the common multiple.
2  A + B + C = 12x = 180  x = 15
  A = 45, B = 75, C = 60
 cos  = 0 or sin2  = sin2  
4 a b c
  k
  sin 45 o
sin 75 o
sin 60o
  = (2n + 1) or  = n 
2 4 1 3 1 3
  = 90 and 45  a= k, b  k, c  k
2 2 2 2
  at θ = 90° and 45, 
…  33 3
 the given equation is satisfied.   a+b+ c 2  3b
2 2
 75. Let the angles of the triangle be 4x, x and x.
71. We have, x – y = ….(i)  4x + x + x = 180  6x = 180  x = 30
4
and cot x + cot y = 2 sin120o sin 30o sin 30o
 
1 1 a b c
  2 ….(ii)
tan x tan y  a : (a + b + c)
From (i) and (ii), we get = (sin 120) : (sin 120 + sin 30 + sin 30)
1 1 3 32
 2 = :  3: 32
   tan y 2 2
tan  y  
 4 cos A cos B cos C
76. Given, = = ….(i)
 (1 – tan y) tan y + 1 + tan y a b c
= 2tan y (1 + tan y) By Sine rule,
 3 tan2 y = 1 sin A sin B sin C
1 
  ….(ii)
 tan2 y = = tan 2 a b c
3 6 From (i) and (ii), we get
 cos A cos B cos C
y= ….[smallest +ve value]  = =
6 sin A sin B sin C
From (i),  cot A = cot B = cot C
   5  A = B = C = 60
x= +y= + =
4 4 6 12  ABC is equilateral.
72. cos x + cos 2x + cos 3x + cos 4x = 0 3 2 3
 = a = (2) 2 = 3
 cos x + cos 4x + cos 2x + cos 3x = 0 4 4
241
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Since, x co-ordinate is 4 14. a1, b1, c1 = 2, p, 5 and
 It satisfies (i) a2, b2, c2 = 3, p, p
4  2 y  2 z 1 Since, the given lines are perpendicular.
  
3 1 3  (2)(3) + p(p) + (5)(p) = 0
z 1 2  6  p2 + 5p = 0
 
3 3  p2  5p  6 = 0
 3z  3 = 6  (p  6) (p + 1) = 0
 z = 1  p = 6 or p =  1
11. The equation of the line joining the points 15. a1, b1, c1 = 2, , 0 and a2, b2, c2 = 1, 3, 1
(3, 4, 1) and (5, 1, 6) is Since, the lines are perpendicular.
x 3 y4 z 1 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0
= =
53 1 4 6 1  2 (1) +  (3) + 0 (1) = 0
x 3 y4 z 1  2+3=0
 = = ….(i)
2 3 5 2
 =
Co-ordinate of any point on the XY-plane is 3
z=0
x  3 y  4 0 1 16. Given lines pass through common point
   (1, 2, 3)
2 3 5
Also, a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 2(3) + 3(4) + 4(5)  0
x  3 1
   lines are intersecting
2 5
2 17. Let r = x î + y ĵ + z k̂ , then
x–3= 
5
r  a = b  a  (r  b)  a = 0
13
x= ˆi ˆj kˆ
5
y4 1  x  2 y z 1 = 0
Also we have =–
3 5 1 1 0
3 23
y–4= y=  (z 1) î  ( z 1) ĵ + (x  y  2) k̂ = 0
5 5
 z =  1, x  y = 2 ….(i)
 13 23 
 The line meets the XY-plane at  , ,0  Now, r  b = a  b  ( r  a )  b = 0
5 5 
ˆi ˆj kˆ
12. Here, (x1, y1, z1) = (3, 6, 10) and | r |  17  x 1 y 1 z = 0
x2 = x1 + lr = 3 
2
17
 17  = 1 2 0 1

 (1  y) î  (1  x  2z) ĵ + (2  2y) k̂ = 0
y2 = y1 + mr = 6 +
3
17
 17  = 3  y = 1, x + 2z = 1 ….(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
z2 = z1 + nr = 10 
2
17
 17  = 8 x = 3, y = 1, z = 1
18. Let P (x, y, z) be any point
13. The d.r.s. of the two lines are 2, 1, 1 and
Now by the given condition, we get
4, 1,  2 2 2
 ( x 2 + y 2 )  +  ( y 2 + z 2 )  +  (z 2 + x 2 )  = 36
Since, the lines are perpendicular      
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 i.e., x2 + y2 + z2 = 18
 2(4) + (–1) (–1) + (1) () = 0  The distance from origin
+9=0
=–9 = x 2  y 2  z 2  18  3 2

326
 Chapter 07: Line

19. Let
x y 1 z 1
= = = 22.  
Distance of point P  from the
2 3 3
 Any general point on this line is line r  a   b is
Q (2, 3+1, 3+1)
 
2
   a .b 
2
Let P  (1, 2, 3). a  
 D.r.s. of PQ are 2  1, 3  1, 3  2  b 
 
P(1, 2, 3)
 
Given, P   (0,0,0) and

x y 1 z 1
  
t  4i  2j  4k   3i  4j  5k 
Q 2 3 3
(2, 3 + 1, 3 + 1)  a  4i  2j  4k and
b  3i  4j  5k
 Distance of point
Since, PQ is perpendicular to given line 2

 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0.  4(3)  2(4)  4(5) 

= (4)  (2)  (4)   
2 2 2

 (2  1)2 + (3  1)3 + (3  2)3 = 0  32  42  (5) 2 
1
 =  16  4  16
2
=6
 5 5
 Q  1, ,  Alternate method:
 2 2
AO = 4iˆ  2ˆj  4kˆ
x y2 z3
20. Let = = =
2 3 4  OA = 16  4  16  6
Any point on the line is O (0, 0, 0)
P  (2, 3 + 2, 4 + 3)
d
Given point is A (3, – 1, 11)
 The d.r.s. of AP are 3iˆ  4ˆj  5kˆ
A
2 3, 3 + 3, 4  8 M L
(4,2,4)
Since, the line AP is perpendicular to the
given line AM = Projection of OA on AL
12  8  20
 2(2  3) + 3(3 + 3) + 4(4  8) = 0 = =0
9  16  25
 29   29 = 0
In right angled OAM, d2 = OA2  AM2
=1  d2 = 62  0  d = 6
 P  (2, 5, 7)
x 1 y z
23. Any point on the line = = =  is
x3 y 1 z  4 2 9 5
21. Let = = =
5 2 3 P (2 +1, 9, 5)
 Any general point on this line is Let A  (5, 4, – 1)
Q (5 3, 2 + 1, 3  4) The d.r.s. of the line AP are
2 + 1 – 5, 9 – 4, 5 – (– 1)
Let P  (0, 2, 3).
 2 – 4, 9 – 4, 5 + 1
 The d.r.s. of PQ are 5  3, 2  1, 3  7 Since, AP is perpendicular to the given line
Since, PQ is perpendicular to given line  2 (2 – 4) + 9 (9 – 4) + 5 (5 + 1) = 0
 5(5  3) + 2(2  1) + 3(3  7) = 0  4 – 8 + 81 – 36 + 25 + 5 = 0
=1 39
=
 Q  (2, 3, 1) 110
327
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 188 351 195   492 = 196

 P  , ,   2 = 4   =  2
 110 110 110 
2 2 2
 The points are (14, 1, 5) and (– 10, – 7, – 7)
 188   351   195   The point nearer to the origin is (10, 7, 7).
 AP =  5   4    1  
 110   110   110 
27. Any point on the line
1 x+5 y +3 z6
= 131044  7921  93025 = = =  is given by
1102 1 4 9
2109 M  (  5, 4  3,  9 + 6).
=
110 P
(2, 4, 1)
x  11 y  2 z  8
24. Let = = =
10 4 11
Any point on the line is
P(10 + 11, – 4  – 2, – 11 – 8)
Let A  (2, – 1, 5)
The d.r.s. of the line AP are A B
(5, 3, 6) M
10 + 11 – 2, – 4 – 2 – (– 1), – 11 – 8 – 5
i.e., 10 + 9,  4  1, 11  13 The d.r.s. of PM are
Since, AP is perpendicular to the given line   7, 4  7, 9 + 7
 10(10 + 9) – 4(– 4 – 1) – 11(– 11 – 13) = 0 Since, PM is perpendicular to AM,
 100 + 90 + 16 + 4 + 121 + 143 = 0  1(  7) + 4 (4  7)  9( 9 + 7) = 0
 237 + 237 = 0   = – 1  98  98 = 0   = 1
 P  (1, 2, 3)  M = ( 4, 1,  3)
Now, Equation of perpendicular passing
 2  1   1  2    5  3
2 2 2
 AP =
through P(2, 4, 1) and M(4, 1, 3) is
= 1  9  4 = 14 x2 y4 z 1
= =
25. The given equation of line is 4  2 1 4 3  1
x 1 y 1 x2 y4 z 1
 z  = =
2 3 6 3 2
The co-ordinates of any point on the given line 28. The direction ratios are same. Also both lines
are (2 + 1,  3  1, ) pass through origin.
The distance of this point from the point  Given lines are coinciding lines.
(1,  1, 0) is 4 14 .
29. The lines can be rewritten as
 (2)2 + ( 3)2 + ()2 = (4 14) 2   =  4
r = ( î  2 ĵ + 3 k̂ ) + t( î + ĵ  k̂ ) and
 The co-ordinates of the required point are
(9,  13, 4) or ( 7, 11,  4) r = ( î  ĵ  k̂ ) + s( î + 2 ĵ  2 k̂ )
The point nearer to the origin is (7, 11, 4). Here, (x1, y1, z1) = (1, 2, 3)
(x2, y2, z2) = (1, 1, 1)
26. The equation of the line joining the points
(a1, b1, c1) = (1, 1, 1)
A(2, – 3, – 1) and B(8, – 1, 2) is
(a2, b2, c2) = (1, 2, 2)
x2 y3 z 1
= =  Shortest distance (d)
82 1  3 2  1
1  1 1  2 1  3
x2 y3 z 1
 = = = 1 1 1
6 2 3
Any point on the line is 1 2 2
d=
(6 + 2, 2 – 3, 3 – 1)  2  2 2   1  2 2   2  12
The distance of this point from the point
A(2, – 3, – 1) is 14 units. 0  1 3  4  3 9 3
= = =
 (6)2 + (2)2 + (3)2 = (14)2 3 2 3 2 2
328
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
99. a2 cos2A  b2  c2 = 0  a2 + b2  c2 =  2ab
b 2  c2 a 2  b2  c2 2ab 1
 cos2A =  = =
a2 2ab 2ab 2
Since, cos A ≤ 1 i.e., cos2A < 1
2
 cos C = cos 45 or cos 135
b 2  c2
 < 1  b2 + c2  a2 < 0  C = 45 or 135
a2
b 2  c2  a 2 104. We have, b + c = 2a ….(i)
  0 ….[ 2bc > 0]
 b  c   2bc  a 2
2
2bc b c a
2 2 2
cos 60  =
  2bc 2bc
 cos A < 0  A   ,  
2  1 4a  2bc  a
2 2
1 3a 2
    1
2 2bc 2 2bc
100. Let a =  – , b =  + , c = 3 2 2
3 3a 2
 
Since 3 2 2 is the largest side, the largest 2 2bc
angle is C.  bc = a2 ….(ii)
a 2  b2  c2 From (i) and (ii), we get
 cos C =
2ab b+c=2 b c
 cosC =     2   2  2 2  3    
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 b c =0b=c
2(   )
( 2   2 )  2  From (i), a = b = c
 cos C = – = cos     ABC is equilateral.
2(   )
2 2
 3 
2 sin A sin A cos B  cos Asin B
C= 105. 
3 sin C sin Bcos C  cos Bsin C
a a cos B  bcos A
b2  c2  a 2  
101. cos A = c bcos C  ccos B
2bc
 ab cos C  ac cos B = ac cos B  bc cos A
1 9  c 2  16
 cos 60 =   ab cos C + bc cos A = 2ac cos B
2 2  3 c
2
 3c = c – 7 a 2  b 2  c2 b 2  c2  a 2 c2  a 2  b2
  
 c2  3c  7 = 0 2 2 1
c a
2 2

102. We have, b = 3 , c = 1, A = 30  b2 = c2 + a2  b2  b2 =

2
b2  c2  a 2 2 2 2
 a , b , c are in A.P.
cos A =
2bc
2 cos A cos B 2 cos C a b
3 ( 3) 2  12  a 2 106. + + = +
  a b c bc ca
2 2. 3.1
2(b 2  c 2  a 2 ) a 2  c 2  b 2 2 2 2
 a = 1, b = 3 , c = 1  + + 2(a  b  c )
2abc 2abc 2abc
 b is the largest side. Therefore, the largest a b
angle B is given by = +
bc ca
a 2  c2  b2 1  1  3 1
cos B =    = cos 120o 
3b 2 +c 2 +a 2
= a +
b
2ac 2.1.1 2 2abc bc ca
 B = 120 c a a b
3b
 + + = +
103. a4 + b4 + c4 = 2 c2 (a2 + b2) 2ac 2ab 2bc bc ca
 a4 + b4 + c4  2a2c2  2b2c2 + 2a2b2 = 2a2b2  b2 + c2 = a2
 (a2 + b2  c2)2 = 2a2b2 Hence, A = 90
244
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
x  2 2y  5 Given that the line passes through the point
4.  , z = 1 (– 3, 2, – 5)
2 3
5 x3 y2 z5
y  The equation of line is = =
x2 2 , z = 1 1 1 1
 
2 3
10. Here, (x1, y1, z1)  (a, b, c)
2
and (x2, y2, z2)  (a  b, b  c, c  a)
5
y Required equation of line is
x2 2 , z = 1
  xa yb zc
4 3 = =
 d.r.s of given line are 4, 3, 0 a ba bcb ca c
 d.c.s of the line are xa yb zc
i.e., = =
4 3 4 3 b c a
, ,0  , ,0
4 3
2 2
4 3
2 2 5 5 x 1 y  2 z 1
11. Given equation is  
5. d.r.s. of given line are 1, 1, 1 l m n
1 1 1 The equation of line passing through
 d.c.s. are , ,
3 3 3 (1, 2, 1) and (1, 0, 1) is
6. Given equation of line x = 4z + 3, y = 2 – 3z x 1 y  2 z 1
 
x 3 y2 1  1 0  2 1  1
z= ,z=
4 3 x 1 y  2 z  1
  
x 3 y2 z0 2 2 2
 Equation of line is = =
4 3 1 x 1 y  2 z 1
   ….(i)
d.r.s of line are 4, –3, 1 1 1 1
4 4 Comparing (i) with given equation, we get
 cos  = = ,
4  (3)  1
2 2 2
26 l = 1, m = 1, n = 1
3 1 12. Equation of line AB in vector form is
cos  = , cos  =
26 26 
r = 6a  4b  4c   4c  {6a  4b  4c} 
4 3 1
 cos  + cos  + cos  =
26
–
26
+
26 
 r = 6a  4b  4c   6a  4b  8c  ....(i)
2 Equation of line CD in vector form is
=
26 
r   a  2b  5c    a  2b  3c  {a  2b  5c} 
7. The given equation is
x  3 y  2 z 1
3
=
1
=
0

 r   a  2b  5c   2a  4b  2c  ....(ii)

The direction ratios of the above line are 3, 1, 0 The point of intersection of AB and CD will
satisfy
 n = cos  = 0   = 90
 The given straight line is perpendicular to r  r
Z-axis.  6a  4b  4c   (6a  4b  8c)
8. Let a, b, c be the direction ratios of the line.  a  2b  5c    ( 2a  4b  2c)
 a  b + c = 0 and ….(i)
a  3b = 0 ….(ii) Comparing the coefficients of a and b , we get
a b c 6  2 = 5 …(iii)
   2 + 2 = 3 …(iv)
3 1 2
 the direction ratios of the line are 3, 1, 2. 1
  = 1 and  =
9. If a line is equally inclined to axes, then 2
1 Substituting value of  in equation (i), we get
l=m=n= the point of intersection
3
 d.r.s. of the line are 1, 1, 1  Point of intersection r   4c i.e. point B.

330
 Chapter 07: Line
13. The equation of the line joining the points 2(1)  2(2)  (1)(2) 4 4
(3, 5, – 7) and (– 2, 1, 8) is 17. cos = = 
4  4 1 1 4  4 9. 9 9
x3 y 5 z   7 
= = 4
2  3 1 5 8   7    = cos1  
9
x 3 y 5 z7
Let = = = 18. The d.r.s. of the line joining the points
5 4 15
(2, 1, 3) and (3, 1, 7) are 5, 0, 10
 x = 3 – 5, y = 5 – 4, z = 7 + 15
The d.r.s. of the line parallel to line
For YZ plane, x = 0
x 1 y z  3
3   are 3, 4, 5
 3 – 5 = 0   = 3 4 5
5
 The angle between the lines having d.r.s.
3 12 13 –5, 0, 10 and 3, 4, 5 is
Now, y = 5 – 4 = 5 – 4   = 5  =
5 5 5  5(3)  0(4)  10(5)
cos  
3 25  0  100 9  16  25
z = 7 + 15 = 7 + 15   = 2
5 35
 cos  
 13  25 10
 The required point is  0, , 2 
 5   7 
   cos 1  
14. Given equations of line are  5 10 
r = (iˆ  2ˆj  k)
ˆ  (3iˆ  4k)
ˆ ….(i) 19. a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = (2) (1) + (5) (2) + (4) (3)
and r = (1  t) (4iˆ  ˆj)  t(2iˆ  ˆj  3k)
ˆ =0
 Lines are perpendicular
i.e., r = (4iˆ  ˆj)  t( 2iˆ  2ˆj  3k)
ˆ ….(ii)
  = 90
Now, d.r.s. of line (i) and (ii) are
a1, b1, c1 = 3, 0, 4 20. The equation of given lines are
and a2, b2, c2 = 2, 2, 3 x y z x y z
= = and  
3(2)  0(2)  (4)(3) 3 2 6 2 12 3
cos  =
9  0  16 4  4  9 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 3(2) + 2(12) + (6) (3)
=0
6
 cos  =  Lines are perpendicular
5 17   = 90
 6 
  = cos1   21. The first line is parallel to Z-axis and the
 5 17  second line is parallel to X-axis.
15. The d.r.s. of the lines are 2, 5, 3 and 1, 8, 4  The angle between them is 90.
2(1)  5(8)  ( 3)(4) 22. Let the d.r.s of the given line be a, b, c
 cos  =
2  5  (3)
2 2 2
( 1)  8  4
2 2 2 Then, according to given condition of
perpendicularity,
26 1.a + 2.b + 2.c = 0 ....(i)
 cos  =
9 38 0.a + 2.b + 1.c = 0 ....(ii)
 26  On solving (i) and (ii), we get
  = cos1   a = 2, b = 1 and c = 2
 9 38 
23. a1,b1, c1, = 3, 2k, 2 and a2, b2, c2 = 3k, 1, 5
16. The d.r.s. of the lines are 1, 0, 1 and 3, 4, 5 Since, the lines are perpendicular to each other,
1(3)  0(4)  (1) (5) 2 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0
 cos  = =  (– 3)(3k) + (2k)(1) + (2)(– 5) = 0
1  0  (1)
2 2 2
3 4 5
2 2 2 10
 9k + 2k  10 = 0
1 10
  = cos1   k=
5 7

331
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

sin Bcos C cos Bsin C a  b  c 16  24  20

119.  124. s =  = 30
sin A sin A 2 2
 B s(s  b)
b c  cos   =
=  cos C  cos B  2 ac
 a a 
=1 …[By projection rule] 30(30  24) 9 3
= = =
16  20 16 4
cos C  cos A cos B
120.  C C
ca b 125. (a  b)2 cos2 + (a + b)2 sin2
2 2
(b cos C  ccos B)  (b cos A  a cos B)
= 2C C
b(c  a) = (a + b  2ab) cos + (a + b + 2ab) sin2
2 2 2 2
2 2
ac  C C 
= ….[By projection rule] = (a2 + b2) cos 2  sin 2 
b(c  a)  2 2 
1  C C
= 2ab cos2  sin 2 
b  2 2
2 2
= a + b  2ab cos C
121. Since, a, b, c are in A. P., = c2 ….[By cosine rule]
 2b = a + c
126. a, b, c are in A.P.  2b = a + c
C A  2s  2b = 2s  (a + c)
a cos    c cos 2  
2

2 2  2(s  b) = s  a + s  c

a 1  cos C  c 1  cos A   2s(s  b) = s(s  a) + s(s  c)
=   4s2(s  b)2 = s2(s  a)2 + s2(s  c)2
2 2
+ 2s2(s  a) (s  c)
a  c  a cos C  c cos A 4s 2 (s  b) 2 s 2 (s  a) 2
=  =
2 s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c) s(s  a) (s  b) (s  c)
a  c  b s 2 (s  c) 2 2s 2 (s  a) (s  c)
= + +
2 s(s  a) (s  b) (s  c) s(s  a) (s  b) (s  c)
2b  b Taking square root on both sides, we get
=
2
s(s  b) s(s  a)
3b 2 =
= (s  a)(s  c) (s  b)(s  c)
2
s(s  c)
+
A (s  b)(s  c) (s  b)(s  a)
122. sin 
2 bc
B A C
A  2 cot = cot + cot
 bc sin2 = (s  b) (s  c) 2 2 2
2
 x = bc A  s  b  s  c  B  s  a  s  c 
127. tan = , tan =
2 s s  a  2 s s  b 
A C B
123. sin .sin  sin  A B
2 2 2 (a + b + c)  tan  tan 
 2 2
(s  b)(s  c) (s  a)(s  b) (s  a)(s  c)
  =   s  b  s  c   s  a  s  c  
bc ab ac = a  b  c   
 s s  a  s s  b 
(s  b) (s  a)(s  c) (s  a)(s  c) 
 = sc  sb sa 
b ac ac = 2s 
 
 s  b = b  s = 2b s  sa sb

247
 Chapter 07: Line

A (1, 8, 4) Since, PM is perpendicular to the given line

whose d.r.s. are 3, 2, 2,
 3(3 + 5) + 2(2 + 5)  2(2 + 4) = 0
x y  11 z  4  9 + 15 + 4 + 10 + 4  8 = 0
 
2 8 3  17  + 17 = 0
M   = 1
x y  11 z  4  M  (3, 5, 9)
Let   
2 8 3  PM =  3  12   5  2 2   9  32
Any general point on this line is = 4  9  36 = 7
M  (2, 8 – 11, – 3 + 4)
Let A  (1, 8, 4) 35. Since the point is (–2, 4, –5),
d.r.s. of AM are 2 – 1, 8 – 19, – 3  a = –2, b = 4, c = –5
Since, AM is perpendicular to the given line, Given equation of line is
 2 (2 – 1) + 8 (8 –19) – 3 (– 3) = 0 x 3 y 4 z+8
= =
 77 = 154 3 5 6
=2  x1 = –3, y1 = 4, z1 = –8
 M  (4, 5, – 2) d.r.s of the line are 3, 5, 6
3 5 6
x  1 y  2 z 1  d.c.s are , ,
33. Let = = = 70 70 70
3 2 1
Perpendicular distance of point from the line is
A (1, 0, 2)
( a  x1) 2  (b  y1) 2  (c  z1) 2 

  (a  x1 ) l  (b  y1 ) m + (c  z1 ) n 
2
x 1 y  2 z 1
 
3 2 1  3(1) 0(5) 3(6) 
2

B = 12  0  32     
 70 70 70 
Any general point on this line is
2
B (3 – 1, – 2 + 2, –  – 1)  3 18 
= 1 9    
Let A  (1, 0, 2)  70 70 
 d.r.s. of AB are 3 – 2 , – 2 + 2 , –  – 3
Since, AB is perpendicular to the given line, 37
= units
 3 (3 – 2) – 2 (– 2 + 2) – 1 (–  – 3) = 0 10
 14 = 7 36. Let M be the foot of perpendicular drawn from
1 the point P(2, 3, 4) to the line
=
2 x 1 y  0 z 1
and   =
1 3  1 2 3
 B   , 1, 
2 2   M  ( + 1, 2, 3  1).
The d.r.s of PM are   1, 2  3, 3  5
34. Let M be the foot of perpendicular drawn from
Since, PM is perpendicular to the given line,
the point P(1, 2, 3) to the line
x 6 y 7 z7 1(1) + 2(2  3) + 3(3  5) = 0
and = = =   + 1 + 4  6 + 9  15 = 0
3 2 2
 The co-ordinates of any point on the line are  14 = 20
M  (3 + 6, 2 + 7, 2 + 7) 10
=
 The d.r.s of PM are 7
3 + 6  1, 2 + 7  2, 2 + 7  3  3 20 23 
 M  , , 
i.e., 3 + 5, 2 + 5,  2 + 4 .  7 7 7 
333
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
2 2 2 Now, M is the midpoint of AB.
 3  20   23 
 PM = 2    3    4    1  x1 6  y1 3  z1 
 7   7   7    , ,  = (1, 3, 5)
 2 2 2 
289 1 25  x1 = 1, y1 = 0, z1 = 7
=  
49 49 49
x  1 y +1 z  1
3 39. Let = = =
= 35 2 2 1
7
any point on the line is
37. The equation of the line joining the points P  (2 + 1, 2  1,   1)
(– 9, 4, 5) and (11, 0, – 1) is Let A  (1, 1, 1)
x+9 y4 z5 Now, PA = 3
= =
11  9 04 1  5  (2  1  1) 2  (2  1  1) 2  (  1  1) 2 = 3
x+9 y4 z5  4 2  4 2   2 = 3
 = =
20 4 6  92 = 9
x+9 y4 z5 =±1
 = =
10 2 3  P  (3, 3, 0) or P  (1, 1, 2)
 The d.r.s. of the given line are 10, 2, 3
40. First line passes through (x1, y1, z1) = (3, 8, 3)
x+9 y4 z5 and has d.r.s. (a1, b1, c1) = (3, 1, 1)
Let = = =
10 2 3 Second line passes through
 Any point on the line is (x2, y2, z2) = (3, 7, 6) and has d.r.s.
P  (10  9, 2 + 4, 3 + 5) (a2, b2, c2) = (3, 2, 4)
 The d.r.s.of OP are  Shortest distance (d) between them is
10  9, – 2 + 4, –3 + 5 x2  x1 y2  y1 z 2  z1
Since, the given line is perpendicular to OP, a1 b1 c1
10(10  9) – 2(– 2 + 4) – 3(– 3 + 5) = 0 d=
a2 b2 c2
 100  90 + 4 – 8 + 9 – 15 = 0  b1c2  b 2c1    c1a 2  c2a1    a1b 2  a 2b1 
2 2 2

 113 = 113
6 15 3
=1
 P  (1, 2, 2) 3 1 1
x y 1 z  2 3 2 4
38. Let = = = =
1 2 3 (4  2)2  (3  12)2  (6  3)2
A (1, 6, 3) 6(4  2)  15(12  3)  3(6  3)
=
36  225  9
270
M x y 1 z2 = = 3 30
= = 270
1 2 3
41. Here, (x1, y1, z1) = (1, 2, 1)
B (x1, y1, z1) (x2, y2, z2) = (2, 2, 3)
Any general point on this line is (a1, b1, c1) = (3, 1, 2)
M  (, 2 + 1, 3 + 2) (a2, b2, c2) = (1, 2, 3)
Let A  (1, 6, 3) 3 0 4
d.r.s. of AM are  – 1, 2 – 5, 3 – 1 3 1 2
Since, AM is perpendicular to the given line, 1 2 3
 1 ( – 1) + 2 (2 – 5) + 3 (3 – 1) = 0 d=
 14 = 14 (3  4) 2  (2  9) 2  (6  1) 2
 =1 17 17
= 
 M = (1, 3, 5) 75 5 3
334
 Chapter 07: Line
42. Since, the given lines intersect each other,
x2  x1 y2  y1 z 2  z1  a + 3b + 5c = 0 and 3a + b  5c = 0
 a1 b1 c1 =0 a b c
 = =
5 5 2
a2 b2 c2
Thus, the equation of the line through the
3 1 k 1 0 1 origin intersecting the given lines is
 2 3 4 =0 x y z
= =   (say)
1 2 1 5 5 2
The co-ordinates of any point on this line are
 2(3 – 8) – (k + 1) (2 – 4) – 1 (4 – 3) = 0 (5, 5, 2).
 – 10 + 2k + 2 – 1 = 0 The co-ordinates of any point on
9 x2 y 1 z 1
k= = = = 1(say) are
2 1 2 1
(1 + 2, 21 + 1, 1  1).
43. Since, the given lines intersect each other, If these two lines intersect, then
2 1 3  2 1 3 5 = 1 + 2, 5 = 21 + 1 and 2 = 1  1
 k 2 3 =0  1 = 3 and  = 1
So, the co-ordinates of P are (5, 5, 2).
3 k 2
 10 10 8 
 1(4  3k) 1(2k  9)  2(k2  6) = 0 Similarly, co-ordinates of Q are  , , 
 3 3 3
 2k2 + 5k  25 = 0 2 2 2
 10   10  8 
5  PQ2 =   5  +   5 +   2 = 6
 k = , 5  3   3  3 
2
45. Lines L1 and L2 are parallel to the vectors
44. Let the equation of a line passing through the
b1 = 3 î + ĵ + 2 k̂ and b2 = î + 2 ĵ + 3 k̂
x y z
origin be = = . respectively.
a b c  The unit vector perpendicular to both L1 and
This meets the lines L2 is
8 b1  b 2
x n̂ 
x  2 y 1 z 1 3 = y  3 = z 1
= = and b1  b 2
1 2 1 2 1 1
ˆi ˆj kˆ
8
3 1 Now, b1  b2 = 3 1 2 =  î  7 ĵ + 5 k̂
2 1 1 3
 a b c = 0 and a b c = 0 1 2 3
1 2 1 2 1 1
 n̂ =
5
1
3
 ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ 

Evaluation Test

x  1 y  12 z  7   110r2 – 550r – 660 = 0

1. Let   =r
1 5 2
 r2 + 5r + 6 = 0
 x =  r  1, y = 5r + 12, z = 2r + 7
 Co-ordinates of any point on the line are  (r + 2)(r + 3) = 0
(r  1, 5r + 12, 2r + 7).  r = 2 or r = 3
This point lies on the curve 11x2 – 5y2 + z2 = 0
If r = 2, then the point is (1, 2, 3)
 11( r  1)2  5(5r + 12)2 + (2r + 7)2 = 0
 11r2 + 22r + 11  125r2 – 600r  720 and if r = 3, then the point is (2, 3, 1)
+ 4r2 + 28r + 49 = 0  option (A) is correct.
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)
A B C
sc  sbsa  129. Let cot , cot and cot be in A.P.
= 2s   2 2 2
s   s  a  s  b  
  B C A
Then, 2 cot = cot + cot
 2s  a  b  2 2 2
= 2 s s  c    we need to prove that
  s  a  s  b  
s(s  b) s(s  c) s(s  a)
2 = 
s s  c (s  a)(s  c) (s  a)(s  b) (s  b)(s  c)
= 2c …[ 2s – a – b = c]
 s  a  s  b  s  (s  c) (s  a) 
R.H.S. =   
C (s  b)  (s  a) (s  c) 
 2c cot
2 s  scsa 
C =  
2c cot sb  (s  a)(s  c) 
A B 2
 tan  tan 
2 2 abc s  2s  a  c 
=  
sb  (s  a)(s  c) 
 A B  B A
128. cot  cot  a sin 2  bsin 2  s (s  b) 2
 2 2  2 2 =2
(s  b) (s  a)(s  c)
 C 
 cos 2   2 B A  2b  a  c 
=   a sin  bsin 2   
....  2s – 2b  2s –  a  c 
 sin A sin B   2 2
 2 2  2 s – b   2s – a – c 
 
 B A s(s  b)
sin sin  =2 = L.H.S.
 C  2 2 (s  a)(s  c)
= cos  a b 
 2   sin A B
sin 
 2 2 130.  is right angled, C = 90
1 1
 (s  a)(s  c) (s  b)(s  c)    = ab sin90o = ab
s(s  c)   2 2
ac b bc
= a  1 
2
ab  (s  b)(s  c) (s  a)(s  c)   42 = 4  ab  = a2b2
 bc ac  2 

s(s  c)   s  a   s  b   1 1
131.  = bcsin A  9  .36sin A
=    ab    ab  2 2
ab   s  b   s  a  
1
 s  a  s  b   sin A   A  30
= s(s  c)  2

 (s  a)(s  b)  132. We have, a = 1, b = 2, C = 60
1
 2s  a  b  Area of triangle = absin C
= s(s  c)   2
 (s  a)(s  b) 
1 3
= (1) (2)sin 60 
s(s  c) C 2 2
=c = c cot
(s  a)(s  b) 2
1
Alternate Method : 133.  = ab sin C
2
Let a = 1, b = 3 , c = 2 and A = 30, 1
=  1  2  sin 60
B = 60, C = 90. 2
Hence, the given expression is equal to 2, 3
=
which is given by option (D). 2
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 Chapter 07: Line
7. d.r.s. of L1 are 3, 1, 2 and d.r.s. of L2 are 1, 2, 3 15
ˆi ˆj kˆ
 a–1= 2 =5
3
 vector perpendicular to L1 and L2 = 3 1 2
2
1 2 3
 a=5+1=6
= ˆi(3  4)  ˆj(9  2)  k(6
ˆ  1) and 3 + 3b = 17 – 2b
= ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ  5b = 20  b = 4
 a = 6, b = 4
ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ
 unit vector = =
1  49  25 5 3

8. Let S be the foot of perpendicular drawn from

P(1, 0, 3) to the join of points A(4, 7, 1) and
B(3, 5, 3)
P (1, 0, 3)

 1
A(4,7,1) S B(3,5,3)
Let S divide AB in the ratio  : 1
 3  4 5  7 3  1 
 S  , ,  ….(i)
  1  1  1 
Now, d.r.s. of PS are
3  4 5  7 3  1
1 , 0 , 3
 1  1  1
2  3 5  7 2
i.e., , ,
 1  1  1
i.e., 2 + 3, 5 + 7, 2
Also, d.r.s. of AB are 1, 2, 2
Since, PS  AB
 (2 + 3)(1) + (5 + 7)(2) + (2)(2) = 0
  2  3  10  14  4 = 0
7
=
4
Substituting the value of  in (i), we get
 5 7 17 
S=  , , 
3 3 3 
9. Equation of the line passing through the points
(5, 1, a) and (3, b, 1) is
x  3 y  b z 1
  ….(i)
5  3 1  b a 1
 17 13 
The line passes through the point  0, , 
 2 2 
17 13
b 1
3
 = 2  2 ….[From (i)]
2 1 b a 1
337
 Textbook
Chapter No.

08 Plane
Hints

Classical Thinking Since, p is the distance from the origin, p

should be greater than zero.
1. Here, n  i  2j  3k and p = 1  All the statements are true,
n i  2j  3kˆ i  2j  3k  correct answer is option (D)
n   
n 1 4  9 14 6. Equation of XY plane is z = 0,
 The vector equation of the plane is  d.c.s. of its normal are 0, 0, 1
r.n = p x y z
7. + + =1
 i  2j  3k  7 7 7
 r. 
  1
 14  a
7

 r. i  2j  3k  14  For equal intercepts,
a
=7 a=1

2. The given vector equation is 8. Equation of plane in intercept form is


r. 3i  2j  2k  12  ….(i) x
a
+
b
y z
+ =1
c
r.n  12 , where n  3i  2j  2k Here, a = b = c and point (1, 1, 2) lies in the
n 3i  2j  2k 3i  2j  2k plane,
n   = 1 1 2
n 944 17    =1a=2
a a a
3  2  2   the required equation of a plane is x + y + z = 2.
 n  i j k
17 17 17
9. Here, a  i  j  2k and n  3i  2j  3k
 Normal form is
The vector equation of the plane is
 3 ˆ 2 ˆ 2 ˆ 12
r.  i j k = r.n  a.n
 17 17 17  17
3. Given equation of plane is    
 r. 3i  2j  3kˆ  i  j  2k . 3i  2j  3k 
 
r. 2i  3j  k  9  0  r.  3i  2j  3k   7


 r. 2i  3j  k  9  ….(i)
10. Let a  j  3k and n  i  2j  4k
n  2i  3j  k The vector equation of plane is
 n 
2i  3j  k
4  9 1

2i  3j  k
14
   
r. i  2j  4k  j  3k . i  2j  4k 
 The d.c.s. of normal to the plane are  r.i  2j  4k  =  10
2 3 1
, ,
14 14 14 11. The plane passes through (2, 1, 1)
4. Given that lx + my + nz = p is the equation of This point satisfies the equation of plane in
the plane in normal form. option (D)
 l, m, n are the direction cosines. Also, it has d.r.s. 1, 1, 2.
Also l2 + m2 + n2 = 1,  option (D) is correct answer.
338
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)
156. tan–1(cot x) + cot–1 (tan x) 
= sin [tan–1 {tan ( – 2) }+ cos–1 (cos 2)]
 π   π  2
= tan–1  tan   x   + cot–1 cot  2  x  
 2     
= sin =1
π π 2
= –x+ –x
2 2  1  sin x  1  sin x 
=  – 2x 160. cot–1  
 1  sin x  1  sin x 
2 2
157. Let  = cos–1  cos  =  ( 1  sin x  1  sin x )
5 5 = cot–1 
1 2    ( 1  sin x  1  sin x )
tan  cos 1   tan 2
2 5 ( 1  sin x  1  sin x ) 
 
1  cos  ( 1  sin x  1  sin x ) 
=
1  cos 
 (1  sin x )  (1  sin x)  2 1  sin 2 x 
2 = cot–1  
1  (1  sin x)  (1  sin x) 
= 5
2  2(1  cos x) 
1 = cot –1  
5  2sin x 
5  2  x 
=  2cos 2   
5  2 = cot–1   2 
 2sin  x  cos  x  
     
2
5 2  2  2 
=
 5 2  5 2   x   x 
= cot–1   cot  = cot–1  cot     
 2   2 
 5  2
2
= x
=–
= 5 2 2
158. Putting 161. Putting x = tan  in the given equation, we
get
a = tan, b = tan  and x = tan  in the given
 1  x2  1   1  tan 2   1 
expression, we get cot 1    cot 1  
 x   tan  
sin–1 (sin 2) – cos–1 (cos 2) = tan–1 (tan 2)    
 2 – 2 = 2   –  =   sec   1 
= cot 1  
Taking ‘tan’on both sides, we get  tan  
tan ( – ) = tan   1  cos  
= cot 1  
tan   tan   sin  
 = tan 
1  tan  tan  
 
 2sin 2 
ab 1 2
 =x = cot  
1  ab  2sin  cos  
 2 2 
159. Putting x = tan , we get
 
  1  x2  1  1  x 
2
 = cot 1  tan 
sin  tan 1    cos  2   2
  2x   1  x 
   
= cot 1  cot    
  1  tan 2   1  1  tan  
2
  2 2 
= sin  tan 1    cos  
 2 tan    1  tan   
2
    tan 1 x
=  = 
= sin [tan–1 (cot 2) + cos–1 (cos2)] 2 2 2 2
252
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
ˆi ˆj kˆ 24. Consider option (D)
2x + 2y  5z = 0
Now, b  c = 0 1 1
Since, the given points (4, 1, 2), (1, 1, 0) and
1 2 3 (0, 0, 0) satisfy the above plane,
= 5iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  correct answer is option (D)
 the equation of required plane is 25. Consider option (C)
r.(5iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ = (3iˆ  ˆj).(5iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ 3x – 4z + l = 0
Since, the given points (1, 1, 1), (1, –1, 1) and
 r.(5iˆ  ˆj  k)ˆ = 14
(–7, –3, –5) satisfy the above plane,
21. Consider option (B)  correct answer is option (C)
 
r. ˆi  11ˆj  3kˆ = 14
26. Here n1  i  j  2k and n 2  3i  j  k
Its Cartesian form is The vector equation of plane passing through
x + 11y + 3z = 14
intersection of r.n1 = p1 and r.n 2 = p2 is
Since, the given points (1, 2, 3), (3, 1, 0) and
(0, 1, 1) satisfiy the above plane,  
r. n1   n 2 = p1 + p2
 correct answer is option (B)
Alternate method:   
 r. i  j  2k   3i  j  k   3  (4)

Equation of a plane passing through three
points is  r. 1  3  i  1    ˆj   2    k   3  4
 
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
27. Consider option (B)
x2  x1 y2  y1 z 2  z1 = 0
r (10 î + 11 ĵ + 12 k̂ ) = 33
x3  x1 y3  y1 z 3  z1
Its Cartesian form is
x 1 y  2 z  3 10x + 11y + 12z = 33
 2 1 3 =0 Since, the given point (1, 1, 1) is satisfies the
1 1 4 above plane
 (x  1)(1)  (y  2)(11) + (z + 3)(3) = 0  correct answer is option (B)
 x  11y  3z + 14 = 0 Alternate method:
The equation of plane through the intersection
 x + 11y + 3z = 14
of given planes is
Its vector form is
(x + y + z  4) + (x + 2y + 3z + 3) = 0
 
r. ˆi  11ˆj  3kˆ = 14 Since, it passes through (1, 1, 1)
1
22. Consider option (B)  (1 + 1 + 1  4) + (1 + 2 + 3 + 3) = 0   =
9
r .(3 î + ĵ – k̂ ) + 4 = 0
1
Its Cartesian form is  (x + y + z  4) + (x + 2y + 3z + 3) = 0
9
3x + y  z = 4
Since the given points A(1, –2, 5),  10x + 11y + 12z – 33 = 0
B(0, –5, –1) and C(–3, 5, 0) satisfy the above  the equation of plane in vector form is
plane, r (10 î + 11 ĵ + 12 k̂ ) = 33
 correct answer is option (B).
28. Consider option (D)
 
23. Consider option (B)
r. 11i  3j  5k  22
r .(9 î + 3 ĵ – k̂ ) = 14
Its Cartesian form is Its Cartesian form is
9x + 3y  z = 14 11x + 3y  5z = 22
Since, given points (1, 1, 2), (2, 1, 1) and Since, the given point (1, 2, 1) is satisfies the
(1, 2, 1) satisfy the above plane, above plane,
 correct answer is option (B)  correct answer is option (D)
340
 Chapter 08: Plane
29. Equation of plane passing through intersection Solving (i) and (ii), we get
of given planes is, a b c
(x + y + z  1) + (2x + 3y  z + 4) = 0  = =
12  10 5  15 10  4
(1 + 2)x + (1 + 3)y + (1  )z + 4  1 = 0 a b c
Since, the plane is parallel to X-axis,  = =
1 5 3
1
 (1 + 2) = 0   =   The equation of the required plane is
2 x – 5y + 3z = 0
Hence, the equation of required plane is
y  3z + 6 = 0 37. Since, line is perpendicular to the plane
 d.r.s. of the line are a, b, c
30. Plane passes through (1, 2, 3) It passes through (, , )
The point (1, 2, 3) satisfies the equation of  equation of perpendicular is
plane represented by option (B)
x  y  z  
 option (B) is correct  
Alternate method: a b c
Any plane parallel to 2x + 4y + 2z = 5 is 38. Since, line is perpendicular to the plane
2x + 4y + 2z = k  d.r.s. of the line are 2, 3, 1
It passes through (1, 2, 3)  k = 16 It passes through (1, 1, 1)
 Equation of plane is x + 2y + z = 8  the equation of required line is
31. Plane passes through (0, 0, 0) x 1 y 1 z 1
 
The point (0, 0, 0) satisfies the equation of 2 3 1
plane represented by option (A)
39. Since, line is perpendicular to the plane
 option (A) is correct.
 d.r.s. of the line are 1, 2, 3
32. Equation of plane parallel to ZX-plane is y = b. It passes through (1, 1, 1)
It is passes through (0, 2, 0)  the equation of required line is
 its equation is y = 2. x 1 y 1 z 1
 
33. Equation of plane parallel to YZ-plane is x = a 1 2 3
Since, it is passes through (–1, 3, 4) 40. D.r.s of line perpendicular to YZ-plane are
 equation of required plane is x = 1 1, 0, 0
i.e., x + 1 = 0 It passes through (1, 2, 3)
34. Since, the plane is parallel to X-axis,  equation of required line is
 the d.r.s. of the normal to the plane are 0, b, c x 1 y  2 z  3
 
 The equation of required plane is by + cz + d = 0 1 0 0
35. Since, the plane is parallel to ax + by + cz = 0, 41. D.r.s of the normal to the XZ plane are a, 0, c
their d.r.s will be same and The required line passes through (1, 2, 3)
It passes through (, , )  The equation of required line is
 The equation of the plane is x 1 y  2 z  3
 
a(x  ) + b(y  ) + c(z  ) = 0 a 0 c
 ax + by + cz = a + b + c
42. Equation of line passing through point (1, 1, 1)
36. Equation of the plane through the origin is is
ax + by + cz = 0 x 1 y 1 z 1
The required plane passes through the line  
a b c
x 1 y2 z3 Also, the line is parallel to the plane
= =
5 4 5 2x + 3y + z + 5 = 0
 5a + 4b + 5c = 0 ….(i)  2a + 3b + c = 0
The plane passes through the point (1, 2, 3) The above equation is satisfied by 1, 1, 1
 a + 2b + 3c = 0 ….(ii)  correct answer is option (A)
341
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

43. The line

x4
=
y2
=
zk
lies in the 51. Here, b  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and n  3iˆ  4kˆ
1 1 2  Angle between the line and plane is
plane 2x – 4y + z = 7.
(iˆ  ˆj  k).(3i
ˆ ˆ  4k)
ˆ 1
 the point (4, 2, k) lies on the line and hence sin  = =
lies in the plane 1  1  1 . 9  16 5 3
 2(4) – 4(2) + k = 7  1 
k=7   = sin1  
5 3
44. n1  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and n 2  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ
52. Let a, b, c = 2, 3, 4 and a1, b1, c1 = 3, 2, 3
n1 .n 2 aa1  bb1  cc1
 cos =  sin  =
n1 n 2 a  b 2  c 2 a12  b12  c12
2

2(3)  3(2)  4(3)

2 1  11  1 2  1 =
= = 2  3  42 (3) 2  (2)2  (3) 2
2 2
4 11 11 4 2
  sin  = 0
=   = 0
3
45. Let a1, b1, c1 = 1, 2, 3 and a2, b2, c2 = 4, 1, 2 53. Let a, b, c = 3, 2, 4 and a1, b1, c1 = 2, 1, 3
 The angle between the planes is 6  2  12
 sin  =
9  4  16 4  1  9
a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2
cos  = 4 4
a  b12  c12 . a 22  b 22  c 22
2
1
 sin  = =
29  14 406
1(4)  2(1)  (3)(2)  4 
= 0   = sin1  
1  4  9 . 16  1  4
 406 

= 54. The d.r.s. of line and plane are a, b, c
2
a a  bb  cc
48. The d.r.s. of normal to first plane are a, b, c  sin  =
and the d.r.s. of normal to second plane are a  b2  c2  a 2  b2  c2
2

a, b, c a 2  b 2  c2
= =1
Since the two planes are perpendicular, a 2  b 2  c2
 aa + bb + cc = 0   = 90
49. The d.r.s of the normal to the plane are 0, 2, 3. 55. Given equation of line is 6x = 4y = 3z
The d.r.s of X axis are 1, 0, 0 x y z
Now, a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0(1) + 2(0) + 3(0) i.e.  
2 3 4
=0
 the d.r.s. of line are 2, 3, 4
 The plane 2y + 3z = 0 passes through X-axis.
the d.r.s. of plane are 3, 2, 3
50. Comparing the equations of line and plane 2(3)  3(2)  4(3)
with r  a   b and r.n  p , we get  sin  = =0
4  9  16 . 9  4  9
b  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ and n  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ   = 90°
 The angle between the line and plane is
57. Since the line r = î +  (2 î  m ĵ  3 k̂ ) is
b.n
sin  = parallel to the plane r .(m î + 3 ĵ + k̂ ) = 0
b.n
 b.n  0
1(2)  2(1)  1(1) 1
= =  (2 î – m ĵ – 3 k̂ ) . (m î + 3 ĵ + k̂ ) = 0
1 4 1 4 11 6
 2(m)  m(3)  3(1) = 0
1 m=3
  = sin 1  
6  m = 3
342
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions

x  x y 
180. tan –1 – tan –1   184. tan–1 x + tan–1 y + tan–1 z =
y  x y 2
 y  x  y  z  xyz  
1   tan–1   = 2
x  x 1  xy  yz  xz 
= tan –1 – tan –1  
y 1 y   x  y  z  xyz  
 x    = tan
1  xy  yz  zx  2
x  y
= tan –1 –  tan 1 1  tan 1   xy + yz + zx – 1 = 0
y  x Alternate Method:
x y  1
= tan –1 y + tan –1 – Let x = y = z =
x 4 3
x x     1 1 1 
= tan–1 + cot–1 – = – = Then, tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 =
y y 4 2 4 4 3 3 3 2
181. A + B + C =  Option (D) holds for these values of x, y, z.
 tan–1 2 + tan–1 3 + C =  2x
185. Since, 2 tan–1 x = tan–1
 23  1  x2
  + tan–1   +C=
1  2  3  2
1  1 1  5
 5   4 tan–1 =2  2 tan 5  = 2 tan
–1
 tan–1   + C = 0 5   1
 5  1
–1 25
 – tan (1) + C = 0
20
π 10 120
– +C=0 = 2 tan–1 = tan–1 24 = tan–1
4 24 100 119
π 1
C= 576
4 1 1 120 1
 4 tan–1 – tan–1 = tan–1 – tan–1
182. A = 90 5 239 119 239
C
 c  –1  b  120 1
tan–1   + tan   
ab ac –1 119 239 (120  239)  119
b b2 + c2 = a2 = tan = tan–1
  120 1 (119  239)  120
c b 1 .
   119 239
= tan–1  a  b a  c  A c B 
1   c  b   = tan–1 1 =
  a  b  
 a  c   4
 ca  c 2  ab  b 2  186. 2 tan1 (cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)
= tan–1  2   tan1 (cos x) + tan1 (cos x) = tan1 (2 cosec x)
 a  ab  ca  bc  bc 
 tan [tan1 (cos x) + tan1 (cos x)]
 a 2  ab  ca 
= tan–1  2  ….[ b2 + c2 = a2] = tan  tan 1 (2cosec x) 
 a  ab  ca 
tan (tan 1 cos x)  tan (tan 1 cos x)
  =2 cosec x
= tan–1 (1) = 1  tan (tan 1 cos x).tan(tan 1 cos x)
4
cos x  cos x
 xy  1   = 2 cosec x
183. Since, cot–1 x – cot–1 y = cot 1   1  cos 2 x
 yx 
 2 cos x = 2 cosec x . (1  cos2 x)
ab  1 bc  1 ca  1
 cot1 + cot1 + cot1  cos x = cosec x . sin2 x
ab bc ca
 cos x = sin x
= cot1 b  cot1 a + cot1 c  cot1 b
+ cot1 a  cot1 c 
x=
=0 4
255
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
68. Given planes are parallel, and can be written as 2. Since, the plane contains the X-axis, it passes
7 through the origin
x + 2y + 3z + 7 = 0 and x + 2y + 3z + = 0  d=0
2
 the distance between these planes is  The equation of the plane is
ax + by + cz = 0 ….(i)
7
7 7
Also, plane passes through (1, 1, 1)
d= 2 =  a+b+c=0 ….(ii)
1 4  9 2 2
x y z
The equation of the X-axis is = =
1 0 0
69. The plane passes through points (1, –2, 3) and As the plane contains the X-axis, the d.r.s of
(4, 0, –1) the normal to the plane are perpendicular to
This points satisfies the equation of plane in X-axis
option (A)  a(1) + b(0) + c(0) = 0
 option (A) is correct answer. a=0
Substituting value of a in (ii) we get
70. The plane passes through (1, 2, 1) b+c=0b=–c
This point satisfies the equation of plane in  The equation of the required plane is
option (A)
by – bz = 0
ˆi ˆj kˆ y–z=0
Also, it has d.r.s = b  c = 1 2 1
3. The plane passes through (1, 1, 3) and
1 1 3 (2, 3 4)
= 7 î – 4 ĵ – k̂ The points satisfies the equation of plane in
option (B)
i.e., 7, 4, 1  option (B) is correct answer.
 option (A) is correct answer. Alternate method:
Alternate Method Let ax + by + cz + d = 0 be the equation of the
Let a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , b  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and c  ˆj  2kˆ required plane.
Since, the plane is parallel to X-axis,
Now, b  c = ˆi  4ˆj  2 kˆ
 a=0
 the vector equation of required plane is The points (1, –1, 3) and (2, 3, – 4) lie in the
  
r. b  c  a. b  c  
plane,
– b + 3c + d = 0, and ….(i)
 r (7 î – 4 ĵ – k̂ ) = (iˆ  2ˆj  k).(7i
ˆ ˆ  4ˆj  k)
ˆ 3b – 4c + d = 0 ….(ii)
 r .(7 î – 4 ĵ – k̂ ) = 0 Solving the equations (i) and (ii), we get
b c d
= =
3  (4) 3  1 4  9
Critical Thinking
b c d
 = =
1. Let x1, y1, z1 be the intercepts made by the plane 7 4 5
 Equation of plane is  Equation of the required plane is 7y + 4z – 5 = 0
x y z
+ + =1 4.
x1 y1 z1 A  a   ˆi  2ˆj  4kˆ
Since it passes through (a, b, c),
a b c
 + + =1 M  m   2ˆj  kˆ
x1 y1 z1
a b c
 Locus of (x1, y1, z1) is
x
+
y
+
z
=1 B  b   ˆi  2ˆj  6kˆ

344
 Chapter 08: Plane

1  1 ˆi   2  2  ˆj   4  6  kˆ It lies on the plane

  
M m =
2 2 2 The d.r.s. of normal to the plane are 4, 2, 2
ˆ ˆ i.e. –2, 1, 1
= 2j k
 The equation of the plane is
 equation of plane passing through the vector –2(x + 1) + 1(y – 3) + 1(z – 4) = 0
2 ˆj  kˆ and perpendicular to AB  2 ˆi  10kˆ is  2x – y – z = –9
x y z
   
r. 2iˆ  10kˆ  2ˆj  kˆ . 2iˆ  10kˆ     =1
9 9 9
 r.  ˆi  5kˆ   10
2
9
 Intercepts are , 9, 9
5. P be the point (a, b, c). 2
 The d.r.s of OP are a, b, c. 8. (2, –1, 0) lies on the plane 9x  2y  3z = k
 Equation of the plane passing through the  9(2) – 2(–1) – 3(0) = k
 k = 20
point (a, b, c) is
9. Since, the point (1, 0, z1) lies on the plane
a( x  a) + b( y  b) + c(z  c) = 0
 ax + by + cz = a2 + b2 + c2  
r. ˆi  3kˆ  2
i.e.  x + 3z = 2
6. Mid-point of the line segment joining the  z1 = 1
points (1, 2, 3) and (3,  5, 6) is
1  3 2  5 3  6  10. (3, 2, –1) lies on the plane 5x + 3y  2z = 
M   , ,   5 (3) + 3 (2) – 2 (– 1) = 
 2 2 2 
  = 23
 3 9 
M   1, ,  11. The equation of the plane passing through the
 2 2
The plane passes through point M intersection of the planes r  a = p and
It satisfies option (C) r  b = q is
Alternate method: r  ( a +  b ) = p + q ….(i)
The required plane bisects the line segment Since, the plane passes through the origin,
perpendicularly. p + q = 0
 the d.r.s. of the normal to the plane are p
3  (1),  5  2, 6  3 =
q
i.e. 4, 7, 3
Substituting the value of  in (i), we get
 3 9
Since, the mid-point  1,  ,  lies in the  p   p 
 2 2 r   a  b  = p    (q)
plane,  q   q 
 The equation of the plane is  
 r  aq  bp = pq – pq
 3  9
4(x  1)  7  y   + 3  z   = 0  r   qa  pb  = 0
 2  2
 4x  7y + 3z = 28 12. The line of intersection of the planes
7. P r . (3 î  ĵ + k̂ ) = 1 and r . ( î + 4 ĵ  2 k̂ ) = 2
is perpendicular to each of the normal vectors
n1 = 3 î  ĵ + k̂ and n2 = î + 4 ĵ  2 k̂ .
(–1, 3, 4)  The line is parallel to the vector n 1  n 2
ˆi ˆj kˆ
 n 1  n 2 = 3 1 1
Q 1 4 2
Mid-point of line joining P(1, 2, 3) and
Q(3, 4, 5) is (–1, 3, 4) = 2 î + 7 ĵ + 13 k̂

345
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
13. The equation of the required plane is 16.
n
x + 2y + 3z – 4 + (2x + y – z + 5) = 0  a, b, c 
 (1 + 2)x + (2 + )y + (3 – )z – 4 + 5 = 0
….(i)
Let a, b, c be the d.r.s of the required plane
 From equation (i), a = 1 + 2; b = 2 + ;
c=3–
The required plane is perpendicular to x 1 y  2 z  3
5x + 3y – 6z + 8 = 0  
1 3 2
 5a + 3b – 6c = 0
 5(1 + 2) + 3(2 + ) – 6(3 – ) = 0 ˆi ˆj kˆ
 5 + 10 + 6 + 3 – 18 + 6 = 0 n = 1 3 2 = î – ĵ + k̂
 – 7 + 19 = 0
2 7 5
7
=  the d.r.s of the normal to the plane are 1, –1, 1
19
Substituting the value of  in equation (i), we  the equation of plane passing through the
get point (1, 2, 3)
1(x – 1) – 1(y – 2) + 1(z – 3) = 0
 7  7  7
1  2   x +  2   y +  3   z x–y+z=2
 19   19   19 
17. Equation of any plane through ( x1 , y1 , z 1 ) is
 7
– 4 + 5  = 0 a (x – x1) + b (y – y1) + c(z – z1) = 0 ….(i)
 19 
it contains the line
33 45 50 41
 x+ y+ z =0 x  x2 y  y2 z  z2
19 19 19 19 = = =0
d1 d2 d3
 33x + 45y + 50z – 41 = 0
i.e. it passes through (x2, y2, z2)
14. The equation of the plane passing through the  a (x2 – x1) + b (y2 – y1) + c (z2 – z1) = 0 ….(ii)
origin is ax + by + cz = 0. Also, ad1 + bd2 + cd3 = 0 ….(iii)
The required plane is perpendicular to the line Eliminating a, b, c from (i) , (ii), (iii), we get
x = 2y = 3z the equation of the required plane as
x y z x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
i.e., = =
6 3 2 x2  x1 y 2  y1 z 2  z1 = 0
 the d.r.s. of the line are 6, 3, 2
d1 d2 d3
 the d.r.s. of the normal to the plane are 6, 3
and 2. 18. Vector perpendicular to plane is
 the equation of the required plane is
n = 6 î  3 ĵ + 5 k̂
6x + 3y + 2z = 0
Thus, the line perpendicular to the given line
15. Let a, b, c be the d.r.s. of the required plane. will be parallel to n
Since, the plane passes through Z-axis,  The equation of line which passes through
 a(0) + b(0) + c(1) = 0 a = 2 î  3 ĵ  5 k̂ and parallel to n is
c=0
Given that the required plane is perpendicular r = a + n
x 1 y2 z3  r = (2 î  3 ĵ  5 k̂ ) + (6 î  3 ĵ + 5 k̂ )
to = =
cos  sin  0
19. The d.r.s. of the line are 3,  4, 5 and it passes
 d.r.s of normal to plane are cos , sin , 0
through is 3,  5, 7
 the equation of required plane is  The equation of line is
x cos  + y sin  = 0
 x + y tan  = 0  
r  3iˆ  5jˆ  7kˆ   3iˆ  4jˆ  5kˆ

346
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)

     cot A 1  cot 2 A  
=   tan 1 
tan A 
=  + cos1  cos .cos   sin .sin     tan 
1

 3 3   1  tan A   1  cot A  1  cot A  
2 2 2

     tan A  1  cot A 
=  + cos1 cos      =  +   =   tan 1    tan  
 3  3  1  tan A 
2
 1  cot A 
2

  tan A  1  tan A 
= =   tan 1    tan  
3  1  tan A 
2
 tan A  1 
2

 2x   tan A  1   tan A 
202. tan1 y = tan1x + tan1  =  + tan–1    tan  
2   1  tan A 
2
 1  tan A 
2
1 x 
= tan1x + 2 tan1x =+0 …[tan–1(– x) = – tan–1 x]
 tan y = 3 tan1x
1 =
 3x  x3   15  1
Since, 3tan1x = tan1  2  205. cos–1   + 2 tan–1  
 1  3x   17  5
3x  x3  1 
 y= –1  15 
 1  25 
1  3x 2 = cos   + cos  –1

 17  1 1 
1 4  25 
203. 2 cot1    cot1  
2 3  15   12 
= cos–1   + cos–1  
4  17   13 
= 2 tan1 (2)  cot1  
 3  15 12 2 2 
 15   12 
  = cos–1    1    1    
1  17 13 
....  cot –1  x   tan –1   , if x  0   17   13  
 x 
 140 
 4  4 = cos–1  
=   tan 1    cot 1    221 
  3  3
 2x   4 2
….[ 2 tan1 (x) =  + tan1  , if x > 1] 206. tan  cos 1  tan 1 
2  5 3
1 x  
4 4   16  
=   tan 1    cot 1    1   
 3  3 = tan  tan 1
 25  2
 tan 1 
 4 3
 4  4   
=    tan 1    cot 1    5
  3  3   
   3 2 
=  1  4  3  
2 = tan  tan  
   1  3 . 2 
=   4 3  
2
1   17 
204. tan–1  tan 2A  + tan–1 (cot A) + tan–1 (cot3 A) = tan  tan 1 
2   6
 1 2 tan A   1  cot A  cot A 
3
= tan 1        tan   =
17
 2 1  tan A
2
  1  cot A
4
 6
     
 0  A  4 ,  207. cot (cos–1 x) = sec  tan 1 
a

    b2  a 2  
 1 1  x  y     
…  tan x  tan y    tan 
1
, 
  1  xy       
x a2
for x, y  0 and xy  1   cot cot 1    = sec sec 1 1  2 2 
    1  x2   b a 
    

258
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
27. Equation of the line  n = – 3 î + 3 ĵ + 3 k̂
x3 y4 z5
L: = = i.e. n = – î + ĵ + k̂
2 3 1
and equation of the plane  Vector equation of the plane passing through
P : 2x  3y + 5z = 1. î + ĵ and containing the given lines is
The d.r.s of the line are 2, 3, 1 r .(– î + ĵ + k̂ ) = ( î + ĵ).(– î + ĵ + k̂ )
The d.r.s of the normal to the plane are 2, 3, 5.
 r . (– î + ĵ + k̂ ) = 0
Now consider
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 4 – 9 + 5 = 0 31. The plane passes through
 Line L is parallel to the plane P. (0, 2, 3) and (2, 6, 3)
x3 y4 z5 The two points satisfy the equation of plane is
28. Since, the line = = lies in option (A)
2 3 4
 option (A) is correct.
the plane 4x + 4y – cz – d = 0,
Alternate Method:
 aa1 + bb1 + cc1 = 0 The equation of the plane is
 2(4) + 3(4) + 4(–c) = 0
x  y  z  
 20 – 4c = 0
c=5 a1 b1 c1  0
Also, the plane passes through (3, 4, 5) a2 b2 c2
 4(3) + 4(4) – 5(5)  d = 0 x y2 z3
d=3  1 2 3 =0
29. Given equation of plane 2 3 4
x 1 y 1 z  2  – x – (y – 2)(– 2) + (z + 3)(– 1) = 0
 
2 3 2  – x + 2y – 4 – z – 3 = 0
 The line passes through (1, 1, 2)  x – 2y + z + 7 = 0
The above point lies on the plane
x + By  3z + D = 0 32. The plane passes through
 1+B+6+D=0 (5, 7, 3) and (8, 4, 5)
The two points satisfy the equation of plane is
 B + D = 7 ....(i)
option (A)
Also the given line is perpendicular to the
normal to the plane  option (A) is correct.
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 33. Let a, b, c be the d.r.s of the normal to the
 2(1) + 3(B) + 2(3) = 0 plane
4 ˆi ˆj kˆ
B=
3  n = 3 5 7 = î – 2 ĵ + k̂
Substituting value of B is equation (i), we get
25 1 4 7
D=
3 Since, the plane passes through (– 1, – 3, – 5)
 1(x + 1) – 2(y + 3) + 1(z + 5) = 0
30. Since both the given lines pass through the
 x – 2y + z = 0
point with position vector ˆi  ˆj , the required From the given options only (0, 0, 0) satisfies
plane also passes through ˆi  ˆj , and normal to the equation of the plane.
the plane is perpendicular to the vectors  The plane passes through (0, 0, 0).
î + 2 ĵ – k̂ and – î + ĵ – 2 k̂ . 34. Here x1, y1, z1 =  l, 3, 5 and x2, y2, z2 = 2, 4, 6
Let a, b, c be the d.r.s. of the normal to the a1, b1, c1 = 3, 5, 7 and a2, b2, c2 = 1, 3, 5
plane. Since the given lines are coplanar
ˆi ˆj kˆ x2  x1 y2  y1 z 2  z1
 n = 1 2 1  a1 b1 c1 =0
1 1 2 a2 b2 c2

348
 Chapter 08: Plane

l  2 3  4 5  6 38. Let d1 be the distance of the point (1, 2, 1)

 3 5 7 =0 from the plane 2x  3y + z + k = 0
1 3 5 2 1  3  2    1  k 5  k
 d1 = =
 ( l 2)(25  21)  (34)(15  7) 22   3  12
2
4  9 1
+ (5 6)(9  5) = 0
k 5
 12 = 4(l + 2) =
 l = 1. 14
35. The lines are coplanar Let d2 be the distance of the point (1, 2, 1)
1  2 3  4 5  6 from the plane x + 2y + 3z = 0
 1 4 k 0 1  2  2   3  1 2
 d2 = =
3 5 k 1 2 3
2 2 2
14
 3(4k  5k) + 7(k  3k) 11(7) = 0 Given that d1.d2 = 1.
k=7 k 5 2
 =1
36. Since the given lines are coplanar, then 14 14
3 1 1 2 3 1  (k  5) 2 = 14
 1 2  = 0 k5=7
 3 4  k = 12
2 1 2
 1 2  = 0 3(2)  6(3)  2(4)  11
39. P1 = =1
 3 4 32  ( 6) 2  (2) 2
 2 + 2 + 26 = 0
3(1)  6(1)  2(4)  11 16
 = 4  4(1)(26) < 0 P2 = 
 Roots are imaginary 3  (6)  (2)
2 2 2 7
So no real value of  exists. the equation P1 and P2 satisfies
x y2 z3 7P2  23P + 16 = 0.
37. = = and
1 2 3  P1 and P2 are the roots of the equation (B).
x2 y6 z3
= = 40. Equation of plane parallel to x  2y + 2z = 5 is
2 3 4
The d.r.s. of the first line are 1, 2, 3 and x  2y + 2z + k = 0 ….(i)
The d.r.s. of the second line are 2, 3, 4 distance of the above plane from (1, 2, 3) is 1.
Ratio of the d.r.s. are not same 1 4  6  k
 = 1
2 3 4 9
i.e.  
1 2 3 i.e. k + 3 =  3
 The lines are not parallel.  k = 0 or – 6
Sum of the products of the d.r.s. is not equal
to 0 i.e., 2(1) + 2(3) + 3(4)  0 41. Let x, y, z be any point
 The lines are not perpendicular. d12  d 22  d 32  36
0  2 2  6 3  3 2 4 6 2 2 2
xz x  2y  z x yz
Consider 1 2 3 = 1 2 3  + + = 36
2 6 3
2 3 4 2 3 4
1
1 2 3  [3x2 – 6xz + 3z2 + x2 + 4y2 + z2 – 4xy
6
= 2 1 2 3 = 0 ( the two rows are same) – 4yz + 2xz + 2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 + 4xy + 4yz
2 3 4 + 4xz] = 36
 The two lines are coplanar.  2 2 2
 x + y + z = 36
349
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
42. Since all the planes are parallel, 30 0 06 0 900
|26|  G  , , 
4  3 3 3 
 p1 = =
2  (3)  4
2 2 2
29  G  (1, 2, 3)
Equation of the plane 4x  6y + 8z + 3 = 0 can 46. The given equations of plane is ax + by + cz = 1
3 x y z
be written as 2x  3y + 4z + = 0 i.e. + + =1
2 1 1 1
3 a b c
2
2 1 1 1 1
 p2 = =  The intercepts made by the plane are , ,
22  (3) 2  42 2 29 a b c
|26| 8 1   1   1
and p3 = =  A   ,0,0  ; B   0, , 0  ; C   0,0, 
2  (3)  4
2 2 2
29 a   b   c
1 1 1
Now consider p1 + 8p2  p3  a 00 0 b 0 00 c 
4 4 8  centroid   , , 
=    3 3 3 
29 29 29  1 1 1 
=0 G  , , 
 3a 3b 3c 
43. Let A  (a, 0, 0), B  (0, b, 0) and c  (0, 0, c)
The equation of the plane in intercept form is 47. Let equation of plane be lx + my + nz = p
x y z x y z
+ + =1 i.e., + + =1
a b c p p p
Since, centroid is (3, 3, 3) l m n
x  x  x3 a 00 p   p   p
 3= 1 2 = =3  A   , 0, 0  , B   0, , 0  , C   0, 0, 
3 3 l   m   n
a=9 If centroid of ABC is (x1, y1, z1), then
0b0 p p p
Similarly = 3  b = 9, and x1 = , y1 = , z1 =
3 3l 3m 3n
00c Now, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
=3 c=9
3 p2 p2 p2
   =1
x y z 9 x12 9 y12 9z 12
 The equation of plane is + + = 1
9 9 9 1 1 1 9
x+y+z=9  2
 2  2  2
x1 y1 z1 p
44. Let A  (a, 0, 0), B  (0, b, 0) and C  (0, 0, c).
Since, centroid is (, , ) 48. The equation of line perpendicular to given
 a = 3, b = 3, c = 3 plane passing through (2, 2, 2) is
x y z x2 y2 z2
 the equation of the plane is   = 1 = = =  (say)
a b c 1 1 1
x y z Any general point on it is P  ( + 2,  + 2,  + 2)
  1 Since, P lies the plane x + y + z = 0
3 3 3
 +2++2++2=9=1
x y z
   =3  The foot of perpendicular is (3, 3, 3).
  
49. The required plane is perpendicular to the line
45. The given equation of plane is 6x – 3y + 2z = 18
x2 y4 z5
x y z = = =  (say)
i.e.   1 1 2 2
3 6 9
the d.r.s of normal to the plane are
If a, b, c are intercepts made by the plane, then
proportional to 1, 2, 2
a 00 0b0 00c  Equation of the plane is
Centroid   , , 
 3 3 3  x + 2y + 2z + d = 0 ….(i)
350
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
 4 cos3 2x  3 cos 2x + 3 cos 2x = 0 Let t = 16sin x
2

 4 cos3 2x = 0 16
 cos 2x = 0 t+ = 10  t2 + 16 = 10t
t

 2x = (2n + 1)  t2  10t + 16 = 0  (t  2) (t  8) = 0
2
 t = 2 or t = 8

 x = (2n + 1) 2 2
 16sin x = 2 or 16sin x = 8
4 2 2
 24sin x = 21 or 24sin x = 23
2. sin x 8cos 2 x = 1  4 sin2x = 1 or 4 sin2x = 3
 sin x 2 2 cos x = 1 ….  8  2 2   sin2 x =
1
or sin2 x =
3
4 4
1
 sin x |cos x| =  
2 2  sin2x = sin2   or sin2x = sin2  
6 3
Case I:
1  
If cos x > 0, sin x cos x =  x = n ± or x = n ±
6 3
2 2
 7  5 11  4  2  5
1 1 x= , , , or x = , , ,
 sin 2x = 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3
2 2 2
 There are 8 solutions in [0, 2].
1
 sin 2x = 4. The maximum value of a sin x + b cos x is
2
a 2  b2 .
 3 9 11
 2x = , , ,  Maximum value of sin x + cos x is 2 and the
4 4 4 4
maximum value of 1 + sin 2x is 2.
….[ x  (0, 2),  2x  (0, 4)]
 The given equation will be true only when
 3 9 11
 x= , , , sin x + cos x = 2 and 1 + sin 2x = 2
8 8 8 8
If sin x + cos x = 2
But cos x > 0 (x must be in 1st or 4th Quadrant)
 3 1 1
 the possible values are , .  cos x  + sin x  =1
8 8 2 2
Case II:  
 cos x cos + sin x sin = 1
If cos x < 0, 4 4
1 1  
sin x(cos x) =  sin 2x =   cos  x   = 1
2 2 2  4
5 7  
 2x = ,  x  = 2n,
4 4 4
5 7  
 x= ,  x = 2n + ….(i)
8 8 4
 The values of x satisfying the given equation 1 + sin 2x = 2  sin 2x = 1
 3 5 7  
between 0 and 2 are , , , .  sin 2x = sin
8 8 8 8 2
 
These are in A.P. with common difference .  2x = n + (1)n.
4 2
2 2x n 
3. 16sin x 16cos = 10 x= + (1)n. ….(ii)
sin 2 x 1  sin 2 x
2 4
 16 16 = 10 The value of x [, ] which satisfies both
sin 2 x 16 
 16  2
= 10 (i) and (ii) is .
16sin x 4
261
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
x y z
56. The d.r.s ratios of the line = = are
2 3 6 Competitive Thinking
2, 3,  6.
1. n  2iˆ  3jˆ  kˆ
 The d.r.s of any line parallel to it are also


2, 3, 6.
The equation of the line passing through
 n̂ 
1
14

2iˆ  3jˆ  kˆ 
P(1, 2, 3) and parallel to the given line is The equation of required plane is
x 1 y2 z3 r . nˆ = d
= = = (say) ….(i)
2 3 6
x y z P(1, 2, 3)
 r.
1
14
 
2iˆ  3jˆ  kˆ =
3
14
 
2 3 6
 
 r . 2iˆ  3jˆ  kˆ = 3

2. Let A  (1, 1, 2)
Q  a =  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ
n = ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
Any point on the line is  equation of plane is r  n = a  n
Q  (2 + 1, 3  2, 6 + 3)
The point Q lies on the plane x  y + z = 5.    
 r  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ = ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ 
 (2 + 1)  (3  2) + (6 + 3) = 5  r   ˆi  ˆj  kˆ  = 2
1
 7 = 1   =
7 3. The d.r.s. of the normal to the plane are 1, 2, 3
 9 11 15   the d.c.s. of the normal to the plane are
 Q  , ,  1 2 3
7 7 7  , ,
 1  2   3 1  2   3 1  22   3
2 2 2
Required distance = l(PQ) = d 2 2 2 2 2

2
 9   11   15
2

2
1 2 3
 d=   1    2     3 i.e., , , .
7   7  7  14 14 14
2 2
 2   3   6 
2 4. d.c.s of normal to the plane are
=       π π π 1 1
7 7  7  cos , cos , cos = , ,0
4 4 2 2 2
4 9 36 49
=   = =1 Equation of the plane is lx + my + nz = p
49 49 49 49 x y
 + = 2
57. Let 1 : x + 2y + 3z = 5 be two given planes 2 2
2 : x + 2y + 3z = 7 x+y=2
Any plane parallel to the given planes and 5. The equation of plane passing through
equidistant from these is given by (1, 2, 3) and (2, 2, 1) and parallel to X-axis is
d  d2 5  7 x 1 y  2 z  3
x + 2y + 3z = 1 =
2 2 2  1 2  2 1  3 = 0
i.e. x + 2y + 3z = 6
1 0 0
58. Given planes are parallel,  (y  2)(4) + (z + 3)(4) = 0
 the required plane is also parallel to them y+z+1=0
Let 3x + 4y + 5z +  = 0 be the required plane
6. The plane passes through (2, 3, 4)
d  d 2 6  6
 1  0 This point satisfies the equation of plane in
2 2 option (D)
 the equation of required plane is Also, it has d.r.s. 1, 2, 4.
3x + 4y + 5z = 0  option (D) is correct answer.
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 Chapter 08: Plane
Alternate method: 14. Let P  (2, 3, 4) and Q  (6, 7, 8)
The equation of the required plane parallel to If R is the mid-point of PQ,
the plane x + 2y + 4z = 5 is  R  (4, 5, 6)
x + 2y + 4z + k = 0 This point satisfies the equation of plane in
The plane passes through (2, 3, 4) option (D)
 2 + 2(3) + 4(4) + k = 0  option (D) is correct answer
 k = 24 Alternate method:
 the equation of the required plane is n  4iˆ  4ˆj  4kˆ , a  4iˆ  5jˆ  6kˆ
x + 2y + 4z = 24
 equation of plane is
7. The plane passes through (2, 3, 4)
This point satisfies the equation of plane in rn  an
option (B)  r   4iˆ  4ˆj  4kˆ  =  4iˆ  5jˆ  6kˆ  .  4iˆ  4ˆj  4kˆ 
Also, it has d.r.s. 5, –6, 7.  4x + 4y + 4z = 16 + 20 + 24
 option (B) is correct answer.  x + y + z – 15 = 0
8. The plane passes through (1, 2, 3)
15. The plane passes through (1, 2, 2)
This point satisfies the equation of plane in
This point satisfies the equation of plane in
option (D)
option (B)
Also, it has d.r.s. 2, 3, 4.
Also, it has d.r.s. 1, 2, 2.
 option (D) is correct answer.
 option (B) is correct answer.
9. 5x  3y + 6z = 60
5 x 3 y 6z x y z 16. Let M (1, 2, 3) be the foot of perpendicular
   1    1 from the origin O(0, 0, 0) to the plane
60 60 60 12 20 10 d.r.s. of normal are 1, 2, 3
 the intercepts are (12, –20, 10).  the equation of the required plane is
10. The plane x – 3y + 5z = d passes through (1, 2, 4). 1(x 1) + 2(y 2) + 3(z 3) = 0
 d = 15  x 1 + 2y  4 + 3z  9 = 0
 the equation of plane becomes x – 3y + 5z = 15  x + 2y + 3z 14 = 0
x y z Consider the option (B)
   1
15 5 3 point (7, 2, 1) satisfies the above equation of
 length of intercept cut by plane on the X, Y, Z plane.
axes are 15, –5, 3 respectively.  option (B) is correct answer.
11. The plane  is parallel to Y-axis. 8
 Y intercept is zero 17. The plane is y = which is parallel to XZ-plane
5
x z  Foot of the perpendicular drawn from the
 the equation of plane is   1
4 3  8 
 3x + 4z = 12 origin   0, ,0 
 5 
12. Here, a = b = c = 1
x y z 18. The plane passes through (2, 6, 3)
 the equation of the required plane is   1 It satisfies option (D)
1 1 1
Alternate Method:
x+y+z=1
The d.r.s of OP are 2 – 0, 6 – 0, 3 – 0 i.e., 2, 6, 3
13. The intercepts made by the plane are The plane passes through P(2, 6, 3).
a, b, c = l, m, n  the equation of the required plane is
 The distances of plane from origin is 2(x  2) + 6(y  6) + 3(z  3) = 0
1  2x + 6y + 3z = 49
d=
1 1 1
  19. The plane passes through (1, 1, 1) and
a 2 b2 c2
(1, 1, 1)
1 1 1 1 1 The above points satisfies the equation of
k=  2 2 2  2
1 1 1 l m n k plane in option (B)
 
l2 m2 n2  option (B) is correct answer.
353
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
20. The plane passes through A(2, 2, 2) and 26. Equation of plane passing through (1, 0, 2),
B(2, 2, 2) (–1, 1, 2) and (5, 0, 3) is
The above points satisfies the equation of x 1 y 0 z 2
plane in option (A) 11 1  0 2  2 = 0
 option (A) is correct answer. 5 1 0  0 3  2
21. The plane passes through (0, 1, 2) and x 1 y z 2
(–1, 0, 3)  2 1 0 =0
The above points satisfies the equation of
4 0 1
plane in option (D)
 option (D) is correct answer.  (x – 1) – y (–2) + (z – 2) (–4) = 0
 x – 1 + 2y – 4z + 8 = 0
22. The plane passes through (2, –3, 1)  x + 2y – 4z + 7 = 0
This point satisfies the equation of plane in
option (A) 27. Equation of plane passing through (1, 2, 3),
Also, it has d.r.s. 3  2 , 4 + 1, 1 5 (1, 4, 2) and (3, 1, 1) is
i.e. 1, 5, 6. x 1 y  2 z  3
 option (A) is correct answer. 1  1 4  2 2  3  0
Alternate method: 3 1 1 2 1 3
The d.r.s. of the line joining the points x 1 y  2 z  3
(3, 4, 1) and (2, 1, 5) are 1, 5, 6.
 2 2 1  0
The plane passes through (2, –3, 1)
 the equation of required plane is 2 1 2
1(x – 2) + 5(y + 3) – 6(z – 1) = 0  (x  1) (4 –1)  (y  2) (4 + 2)
 x + 5y – 6z + 19 = 0 + (z  3) (2  4) = 0
 5x + 5  6y + 12  2z + 6 = 0
23. The d.r.s. of the line joining the points
 5x  6y  2z + 23 = 0
(4, 1, 2) and (3, 2, 3) are 7, 3, 1
 5x + 6y + 2z = 23
The plane passes through (10, 5, 4)
 The equation of required plane is 28. Equation of plane passing through
(1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 1) and (3, 1, 2) is
7 (x + 10)  3 (y 5) 1 (z  4) = 0
x 1 y  2 z  3
 7x + 70  3y + 15  z + 4 = 0
 7x  3y  z + 89 = 0 2 1 3  2 1 3  0
3 1 1 2 2  3
24. The equation of the plane is
b(x – 1) + c(y – 1) + a(z – 1) = 0 ….(i) x 1 y  2 z  3
Now, 2001 = 3  23  29  1 1 2  0
Since, a  b  c 2 1 1
 a = 3, b = 23 and c = 29  (x – 1) (–3) – (y – 2) (3) + (z – 3) (–3) = 0
Substituting the values of a, b, c in equation  –3x + 3 – 3y + 6 – 3z + 9 = 0
(i), we get  x + y +z = 6
23x + 29y + 3z = 55 Comparing the above equation with
ax + by + cz = d, we get
25. r = (1  p  q) a + p b + q c a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
 r = a + p b  a  + q c  a  ....(i) Now, a + 2b + 3c = (1) + 2(1) + 3(1) = 6
Comparing with r  A   B  C , 29. The equation of the required plane is
the equation (i) represents a plane passing (x + 2y + 3z + 4) + (4x + 3y + 2z + 1) = 0
....(i)
through a point having position vector a and The plane passes through origin i.e., (0, 0, 0)
parallel to the vectors b  a and c  a .  4+=0=–4
354
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs)
 n2  3n  4 = 0 Also  = rs, where r = Radius of incircle of
 (n + 1) (n  4) = 0 ABC
 n = 1 or n = 4 15 7 2
k
But n cannot be negative.  4 7
 r= = = k
s 15k 2
 n=4
2
 The sides of the  are 4, 5, 6.
R 8 2 16
 = k =
14. r 7 7k 7
A R 16
 =
r 7
E O B b 2  c2  a 2
16. cos A =
2bc
r 72 r 4  3  a2
 cos 30 =
4 3
D C 3 7a 2
 =  7  a2 = 6
360 2 4 3
In ODC, OD = OC = r, DOC = = 72  a2 = 1
5
1 1 a=1 ….[ a  1]
 A(ODC) = r.r. sin 72 = r2 sin 72
2 2 1 1
= bcsin A =  2  3  sin 30
5 2 2 2
 A2 = Area of pentagon = r sin 72
2 1 3
2
= 3 =
A1 = Area of circle = r 2 2
A1 r 2 a  b  c 1 2  3 3 3
 = s = = =
A2 5 2 2 2 2
r sin 72
2  = rs
2 2 2   3 2
= = sec 18 = sec  r = = 
5cos18 5 5 10 s 2 3 3
3(3  3) 3 3 3 3 1
15. Let a = 4k, b = 5k, c = 6k = = =
93 6 2
abc 4k  5k  6k 15k 17. a4 + b4 + c4 = 2a2(b2 + c2)
Now, s = = =
2 2 2  a4 + b4 + c4  2a2b2  2a2c2 = 0
= s(s  a) (s  b) (s  c)  a4 + b4 + c4  2a2b2 + 2b2c2  2a2c2 = 2b2c2
b  c2  a 2  =  
2 2
15k  15k  15k  15k   2
2bc
=   4k   5k   6k 
2  2  2  2   b2 + c2  a2 = 2bc
15k 7k 5k 3k 15 7 2 b  c  a2
2 2
2bc 1
=    = k  cos A = = =
2 2 2 2 4 2bc 2bc 2
a a  A = 45
By sine Rule, = 2R  sin A =  A
sin A 2R 18.
4
1
= b csin A
2 p

1 a abc
  = bc = 8
2 2R 4R B a C
abc 4k.5k.6k 8
 R= = = k 5
4 15 7k 2
7 8
264
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

39. Here, n 1  pi  j  2k and n 2  2i  pj  k 44. The equation of plane passing through (4, 4, 0)
is a(x – 4) + b(y – 4) + c(z – 0) = 0
n1 . n 2  a(x – 4) + b (y – 4) + cz = 0 …(i)
 cos =
n1 n 2 Since, plane (i) is perpendicular to the planes
2x + y + 2z + 3 = 0 and 3x + 3y + 2z – 8 = 0

 cos 
 pi  j  2k   2i  pj  k   2a + b + 2c = 0, and …(ii)
3 3a + 3b + 2c = 0 …(iii)
p2  1  4 4  p2  1
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
  2p + p  2  a = –4, b = 2, c = 3
 =   Substituting the values of a, b, c in (i), we get
 p 5 
2
2
–4(x – 4) + 2(y – 4) + 3z = 0
 3p  2
 = 2  –4x + 16 + 2y – 8 + 3z = 0
2 p 5
 4x – 2y – 3z = 8
…. (considering positive value)
 p2 + 5 = 6p  4 45. Comparing with r  a   b and r.n  p , we get
 p2  6P + 9 = 0
b   ˆi  ˆj + kˆ and n  3iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ
 (p  3)2 = 0
p=3  Angle between the line and plane is given by
b.n
40. Let the d.r.s of the normal to the plane be sin  =
proportional to a, b, c. b n
It passes through (1, 0, 0)
 the equation of the plane is =
 1 3  1 2   1 1 = 2
a(x  1) + b(y  0) + c(z  0) = 0 ....(i) 3 14 42
Also, the plane passses through (0, 1, 0).  2 
  = sin1  
 a(1) + b(1) + c(0) = 0  42 
a= b ....(ii)
Now, the angle between the required plane 46. The d.r.s. of line are 3, 4, 5 and
 the d.r.s. of normal to the plane are 2, 2, 1
and the plane x + y = 3 is .
4  The angle between line and plane is
 a(1)  b(1)  c(0) aa1  bb1  cc1
 cos  sin  =
4 a 2  b2  c2 1  1 a 2  b 2  c 2  a12  b12  c12
1 ab (2)(3)  (2)(4)  (1)(5)
  =
2 a  b2  c2 2
2
2  (2) 2  (1) 2  32  42  52
2

Squaring both sides, we get

 a2 + b2 + c2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab 3 1 2
=  =
 c2 = 2ab ....(iii) 9 50 5 2 10
From (ii) and (iii), we get
47. The d.r.s. of line are 1, 2, 2 and
a : b : c = a : a : 2a= 1 : 1 : 2
the d.r.s. of normal to the plane are 2, 1, 
41. For perpendicular planes, a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0 1(2)  2( 1)  2(  )
 2(1) + 1(2) – 2(k) = 0  sin  =
1 4  4  4 1 
k=2
1 2 
42. Since the planes are perpendicular,  =
3 3 5
 (3)(2) + (6)(1) + (2)(k) = 0
k=0  2  = 5
43. Since, the planes are perpendicular to each other. 4=5+
 3(4) + (2)(3) + 2  ( k) = 0 5
=
k=3 3
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 Chapter 08: Plane
48. d.r.s. of normal to the plane are 2, –3, 6 x4 y2 zk
53. line   lies on the plane
d.r.s. of X-axis are 1, 0, 0. 1 1 2
 The angle between the plane and X-axis is 2x  4y + z = 7.
aa1  bb1  cc1  Point (4, 2, k) lies on the plane 2x  4y + z = 7
sin  =
a  b 2  c 2 a12  b12  c12
2
 2(4)  4(2) + k = 7
2 1  3  0   6  0  k=7
=
4  9  36  1 54. Line is perpendicular to normal of plane

=
2   
 2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ . l ˆi  mjˆ  kˆ  0
7 2l  m  3 = 0 ....(i)
2
–1 (3,  2, 4) lies on the plane lx+my – z = 9
  = sin  
7  3l  2m + 4 = 9
But  = sin–1   3l  2m = 5 ....(ii)
2 Solving (i) and (ii)
 =
7 l = 1, m = 1
49. The d.r.s. of line are 1, 2,  and l2 + m2 = 2
The d.r.s. of normal to the plane are 1, 2, 3.
1(1)  2 ( 2)   (3) 55. The d.r.s. of the XY-plane are 0, 0, 1
 sin  = the d.r.s. of the given line are l, m, n
1  4  9 1  4  2
Since, the line is parallel to the plane
5  3
 sin  =  aa1 + bb1 + cc1 = 0
14 5   2  l(0) + m(0) + n(1) = 0
(5  3)2 n=0
 sin2  =
14(5   2 )
56. Let the position vector of Q be
5 (5  3)2
1 =
14 14(5   2 )    
ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ +  3iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ

 5  = (3 + 1) î + (  1) ĵ + (5 + 2) k̂
....  cos   (given) 
 14   PQ = (3  2) î + (  3) ĵ + (5  4) k̂
9 25  30  9 2
Since, PQ is parallel to the plane
 =
14 14(5   2 )  (32)(1) + (3)(4) + (54)(3) = 0 
On solving, we get 1
2   
= 4
3
50. Let a, b, c = 3, 2 + , 1 and a1, b1, c1 = 1, 2, 0 57. The plane passes through points (– 3, 0, 2) and
Since, the line lies on the plane (3, 2, 6)
 aa1 + bb1 + cc1 = 0 This points satisfies the equation of plane in
 3(1) + (2 + ) (2) + (1) (0) = 0 option (D)
1  option (D) is correct answer.
=
2 58. Lines are coplanar if
51. The line is parallel to the plane if x2  x1 y2  y1 z 2  z1
aa1 + bb1 + cc1 = 0
a1 b1 c1 =0
Consider option (B), 2(3) + 1(4)  2(5) = 0
 2x + y  2z = 0 is the required plane. a2 b2 c2
52. The equation of the plane is ax + by + cz + d = 0 1 2 4  3 5  4
 the d.r.s. of the normal to the plane are a, b, c  1 1 k = 0
Since the given line is parallel to the plane,
k 2 1
 al + bm + cn = 0
357
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 1 1 Distance of point P from the given plane is
 1 1 k = 0 given by
k 2 1 3(6)  6(2)  2(3)  10
d=
2
 1(1 + 2k) 1(1 + k ) + 1(2  k) = 0 (3) 2  (6) 2  (2) 2
 k2 + 3k = 0 18  12  6  10
 k = 0,  3 =
9  36  4
59. The planes are concurrent, 14 14
= =
1  c b 49 7
 c 1 a = 0  d=2
b a 1
2 2 2
 a + b + c + 2abc – 1 = 0
64. 
Given equation of plane is r  3iˆ  2jˆ  6kˆ = 13 
The vector form of the equation is
 a2 + b2 + c2 = 1 – 2abc
3x + 2y + 6z = 13
x y z   3x + 2y + 6z  13 = 0
60. The equation of the plane is   =1
8 4 4 Given point  (2, 3, )
i.e., x + 2y + 2z = 8  Distance of the point from the plane
 The length of the perpendicular from origin to ax1  by1  cz1  d
the plane is =
a 2  b 2  c2
8 8
d= = 3(2)  2(3)  6()  13
1 4  4 3 5=
9  4  36
61. The equations of the plane with reference to 6  1
the two systems of rectangular axes are 5=
7
x y z  6  1 =  35
  1 ....(i)
a b c 17
X Y Z   = 6,
and + + =1 ....(ii) 3
a  b c 
65. Here, a = 2, b = 1, c = 2, d = 5, x = 2, y = 1,
Since the origin of axes is same.
z=0
 Length of the perpendicular from (0, 0, 0) on
plane (i) 2(2)  1(1)  2(0)  5
 d=
= Length of the perpendicular from (0, 0, 0) 22  12  22
on plane (ii)
10 10
1 1 = =
 = 9 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
   
a 2 b2 c 2 a 2 b2 c2
ˆi ˆj kˆ
1 1 1 1 1 1
 2  2  2  2  2  2 0 66. Normal vector n̂ = 1 2 3
a b c a  b  c
2 1 1
62. Since the line is parallel to XY-plane, the
distance of the point P (6, 7, 8) from this plane = ˆi (2  3)  ˆj(1  6)  kˆ (1  4)
is equal to its Z co-ordinate i.e. 8 units. = 5iˆ  7ˆj  3kˆ
63. P (6, 2, 3) Let A  (1, 1, 1)
 a = ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
 Equation of the plane is
M 3x  6y + 2z + 10 = 0
5(x  1) + 7(y + 1) + 3(z + 1) = 0
 5x + 7y + 3z + 5 = 0
358
 Chapter 03: Trigonometric Functions
 2 3 3 5
26. sin1 x + sin1 2x = =   
3 7 7 8 8
 ….[ cos1 (x) =   cos1 x]
 sin1 2x =  sin1 x
3
  13
  =   = 2  
 2x = sin   sin 1 x  7 7 7
3  13 a
   
= sin cos (sin1 x) – cos sin (sin1 x) 7 b
3 3  a = 13, b = 7
3 1  a + b = 13 + 7 = 20
 2x = cos (sin1 x)   x …. (i)
2 2
Let sin1 x =  4 5 16
28. sin1 + sin1 + sin1
 sin  = x 5 13 65
cos  = 1  x 2 4 5
2
5 4 
2

= sin1  1     1   
 cos (sin1 x) = 1  x 2 ….(ii) 5  13  13  5  

From (i) and (ii), we get 16
3 1 + sin1
2x =  1  x2  x 65
2 2
 4 12 5 3  16
= sin1      + sin1
 4x = 3 1 x  x
2
 5 13 13 5  65
 5x = 3 1  x 2  48  15  1  16 
= sin1   + sin  
 25x2 = 3  3x2 (squaring both sides)  65   65 
 28x2 = 3  63   16 
3 = sin1   + sin1  
 x2 =  65   65 
28
 2 
 1   63   + sin1  
3 1 3 1 3 1 16
 x= =  = = cos
28 4 7 2 7   65    65 
 
(From the given relation it can be seen that x is  16   16 
positive) = cos1   + sin1  
 65   65 
 33  1    
27. L.H.S. = sin1  sin  + cos  cos  =
 7   7  2
 13  1  19 
+ tan1   tan  + cot   cot  29. 2 = 1.414
 8   8 
 2 2  1 = 2  1.414  1 = 2.828  1 = 1.828
  2       
= sin1 sin  5    + cos
1
 cos    7    2 21> 3 ….[ 3  1.732 ]
  7    
    
+ tan1   tan     
 tan1 (2 2  1) > tan1  3
  8 
….[ tan1 x is an increasing function]
    
+ cot1   cot      
  8   2 tan1 (2 2  1) > 2 
3
 2  1  3  
= sin1  sin   cos   cos   A> ….(i)
 7   7  3
      sin 3  = 3 sin   4 sin3 
+ tan1  tan  + cot1  cot 
 8   8   3 = sin1 (3 sin   4 sin3 )
267
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Solving (ii) and (iii), we get  1 1 1  1 1 
 Centroid   , ,  =  , , 1
a =  1, b =  7, c =  4  3a 3b 3c   6 3 
Substituting the values of a, b, c in equation  3a = 6  a = 2
(i), we get
3b = –3  b = –1
1(x + 1)  7(y – 3)  4(z) = 0
1
 x + 7y + 4z – 20 = 0 3c = 1  c =
3
 The distance of this plane from the point
(5, 7, 8) is 1
 a + b + 3c = 2 – 1 + 3   = 2
 
3
1(5)  7(7)  4(8)  20 66
d=   66 1 9 7 
12  7 2  42 66
78. [a b c]  8 2 7  = [0 0 0]
73. Given planes are  7 3 7 
2x + y + 2z – 8 = 0
 a + 8b + 7c = 0, 9a + 2b + 3c = 0,
4x + 2y + 4z – 16 = 0 ….(i)
7a + 7b + 7c = 0
and 4x + 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 ….(ii)  a = 1, b = 6, c = 7
The distance between two parallel planes is P(a, b, c) lies on the plane 2x + y + z = 1.
d1  d 2 16  5 21 7  7a + b + c = 7 + 6  7 = 6
d= = = = 79. The equation of the required plane is
a 2  b2  c2 42  22  42 6 2
(2x – 5y + z  3) + (x + y + 4z  5) = 0 ….(i)
74. x2  5x + 6 = 0  (2 + )x + (5 + )y + (1 + 4)z + ( 3 – 5) = 0
 (x – 2) = 0 or (x  3) = 0, which represents Since, this plane is parallel to x + 3y + 6z = 1
a plane. 2   5   1  4
  
75. Here, the co-ordinates of A, B, C are (3a, 0, 0) 1 3 6
On solving, we get
(0, 3b, 0) and (0, 0, 3c) respectively.
11
 The centroid is (a, b, c). = 
2
76. Let A  (a, 0, 0), B  (0, b, 0) and C  (0, 0, c) Substituting the value of  in equation (i), we
The equation of the plane in intercept form is get
x y z 11
  =1 (2x – 5y + z  3)  (x + y + 4z  5) = 0
a b c 2
Since, centriod is (6, 6, 3)  –7x – 21y – 42z + 49 = 0
x  x  x3  x + 3y + 6z –7 = 0
 6= 1 2
3  1 9 25 
a 00 80. The point  , ,  satisfies both the
6=  a = 18  11 11 11 
3 equations
0b0  it is the point of intersection.
Similarly = 6  b = 18
3 Alternate method:
00c x y 1 z  2
=3c=9 Let    (say)
3 1 2 3
x y z Any general point on the line is (, 2+1, 3–2)
 The equation of plane is   =1 This point lies on the plane 2x + 3y + z = 0
18 18 9
 x + y + 2z 18 = 0  2 + 3(2 + 1) + (3  2) = 0
1
77. Given equation of plane is ax + by + cz = 1  
11
1   1  1 25
 A   , 0 , 0 , B   0, , 0  and 9
a   b   x , y ,z
11 11 11
 1  1 9 25 
C  0 , 0 ,   The point is  , , 
 c  11 11 11 

360
 Chapter 08: Plane
81. The point (5, –1, 1) satisfies both the Since, M lies on the plane
equations x + 2y – 2z = 10
 it is the point of intersection   + 1 + 4 – 4 + 4 – 2 = 10
 option (D) is correct 5
 9 = 15   =
82. The point (10, 10, 3) satisties both the 3
equations.  8 4 7 
Hence, the co-ordinates of M are  , , .
 it is the point of intersection. 3 3 3 
 option (B) is correct
x y z
86. The d.r.s. of the line = = are 1, 4, 5
83. The point (–4, –3, 0) satisfies the given 1 4 5
equations  The d.r.s. of any line parallel to it are also
 correct answer is option (D). 1, 4, 5
x  2 y 1 z  2 The equation of the line passing through
84. Let = = = Q (1, 2, 3)
3 4 12
 the co-ordinates of any point on the line are x 1 y  2 z  3
  = (say) …(i)
P  (3 + 2, 4  1, 12 + 2) 1 4 5
This point lies on the plane x  y + z = 16
x y z Q(1, 2, 3)
 3 + 2  4 + 1 + 12 + 2 = 16  
1 4 5
 11 = 11   = 1
 P  (5, 3, 14)
 Let Q  (1, 0, 2) p
 distance PQ is given by
d= (5  1)2  (3  0) 2  (14  2) 2  13 Any point on the line is
P  ( + 1, 4  2, 5 + 3)
85. P (1, –2, 1) The point P lies on the plane
2x + 3y  4z + 22 = 0
 2( + 1) + 3(4  2)  4 (5 + 3) + 22 = 0
x + 2y – 2z =   6 = 6 =1
M  P = (2, 2, 8)
 Required distance = l(PQ) = d
Distance of point P (1, –2, 1) from the
d= (2  1) 2  (2  2) 2  (8  3) 2
x + 2y – 2z =  plane is 5
1 4  2  
= 1  16  25
 5  d= 42 units
1 4  4
 |  + 5| = 15 x y z
87. Since line PQ is parallel to line  
  + 5 =  15 1 4 5
  = 10, – 20  d.r.s. of PQ are 1, 4, 5
 Equation of line PQ passing through P(1, 2, 3)
  = 10 ...(  > 0)
is
The equation of line PM whose d.r.s. are 1, 2, –2 x 1 y 2 z3
= =
is 1 4 5
x 1 y  2 z 1 x 1 y 2 z3
  = (say) Let = = =
1 2 2 1 4 5
The co-ordinates of M are ( + 1, 2 – 2, –2 + 1) Any point R on PQ  ( + 1, 4  2, 5 + 3)
361
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Since point R lies in the plane Direction ratios of normal to the given plane is
2x + 3y  4z + 22 = 0 1, 1, 1.
 2( + 1) + 3(4  2)  4(5 + 3) + 22 = 0 1 1  1 0   1 1
cos (90 – ) =
 6y + 6 = 0 1  12  12 12  02  12
2

=1
2 4 1
 R  (2, 2, 8)  sin  =  cos  = 1 =
6 6 3
PQ = 2PR
Required projection = AB cos 
= 2 (2  1) 2  (2  2) 2  (8  3) 2

= 2 42 units 1 2
= 2  =
3 3
88. Let A = (5, –1, 4), B = (4, –1, 3)
AB = ˆi  kˆ  AB = 2 89. The line of intersection of first two planes is
B 8
z
A
x5 y 3
= =
0 3 5a

B It must lie on third plane.

90  
A   3b(0) + (3) (1) + (3) (5a) = 0

 8 
and 3b(5) + 0(1) + (3)   = 0
 3 
x+y+z=7
1
a= and 15b + 8 = 0
5
Projection of AB in the plane x + y + z = 7
1 8
is AB cos  = A B cos  a= and b = 
5 15

Evaluation Test
1. Given planes are ck
x  cy  bz = 0 ….(i) Also,  = b  ak
a
cx  y + az = 0 ….(ii)
 a  bc 
bx + ay  z = 0 ….(iii)  c  b  ac   a  bc 
Equation of a plane passing through the line of     b  a 
intersection of planes (i) and (ii) is  a   b  ac 
x  cy  bz + k(cx  y + az) = 0  
 (1 + ck)x  (c + k)y  (b  ak)z = 0 ….(iv)  bc  ac 2  a  bc
 = b2 + abc + a2 + abc
Now, planes (iii) and (iv) are same for some a
value of k,
 1 – c2 = a2 + b2 + 2abc
1  ck c  k (b  ak)
 =  =  a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1
b a 1
1  ck ck 2. Let a, b, c be the intercepts form by the plane
 = 
b a on co-ordinate axes.
 a + ack = bc – bk 1 1 1 1
Since,   
 k(b + ac) = (a + bc) a b c 2
 a  bc  2 2 2
k=      1
 b  ac  a b c
362
 Textbook
Chapter No.

04 Pair of Straight Lines

Hints

8. Equation of straight lines parallel to

Classical Thinking ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 and passing through point
1. Joint equation of pair of lines having slopes (x1, y1) is found by shifting the origin to (x1, y1)
m1 and m2 and passing through the origin is  The required equation is
y2  (m1 + m2)xy + m1m2 x2 = 0 a(x – x1)2 + 2h(x – x1)(y – y1) + b(y – y1)2 = 0
 3x2  4xy + y2 = 0 9. L1 = x2 – y2 = 0 represents pair of straight lines
Alternate method: passing through the origin
Equations of the lines are y = x and y = 3x To find equation of pair of straight lines
respectively. parallel to L1 and passing through (3, 4), shift
i.e. y – x = 0 and y – 3x = 0 the origin to (3, 4)
 (x  3)2 + (y  4)2 = 0
 the combined equation of the pair of lines is
 x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 25 = 0
(y – x)(y – 3x) = 0
 y2 – 3xy – xy + 3x2 = 0  3x2  4xy + y2 = 0 10. L1: ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
Equation of any line passing through origin
2. The required equation is and perpendicular to L1 is given by
8 bx2  2hxy + ay2 = 0
y2    xy  x2 = 0 ….(interchanging coefficients of x2 and y2 and
3
change of sign for xy term)
 3x2 + 8xy  3y2 = 0
 The required equation is ay2  2hxy + bx2 = 0
3. The required equation is 11. The required equation is
3 3x2 + 7xy + 5y2 = 0
y2 – xy – x2 = 0 i.e. 3x2 – 7xy – 5y2 = 0
2
 2x2 + 3xy – 2y2 = 0 12. Comparing given equation with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get
4. x2 + xy  12y2 = 0 1
 x2 + 4xy  3xy  12y2 = 0 h= and b = 6
2
 x(x + 4y)  3y(x + 4y) = 0 2h
 (x  3y)(x + 4y) = 0  Sum of slopes = m1 + m2 =
b
 x  3y = 0 and x + 4y = 0
 1 
2  
5. It is a homogeneous equation of degree 2 in x
=  2   1
and y. 6 6
 Correct option is (C). 13. Given equation of pair of lines is
6. 2 2
3x  10xy  8y = 0 ax2 + 10xy + y2 = 0
 A = a, H = 5, B = 1
 3x2  12xy + 2xy  8y2 = 0
Let the slopes of the lines given by
 3x(x  4y) + 2y(x  4y) = 0 be m1 and m2
 (3x + 2y)(x  4y) = 0 2H A
 3x + 2y = 0 and x – 4y = 0 m1 + m2 = and m1m2 =
B B
7. 6x2  5xy + y2 = 0 Given that m2 = 4m1
 6x2  3xy  2xy + y2 = 0 2H
 m1 + 4m1 = = –10  m1 = –2
 3x(2x  y)  y(2x  y) = 0 B
 (2x  y)(3x  y) = 0 A
and m1  4m1 = = a  4m12 = a  a = 16
 3x  y = 0 and 2x  y = 0 B
270
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 The equation of the line AM is The planes given by equation (i) and (ii) are
x  2 y 1 z  3 parallel.
  = k, say
3 2 1  A=1
 x = 3k + 2, y = 2k  1, z = k + 3 distance between the planes (D) is
Let M  (3k + 2, 2k  1, k + 3) d d
D= 
 equation of plane becomes
12   2   12 6
2

3(3k + 2)  2(2k  1)  (– k + 3) = 9
2 d
 k=  = 6
7 6

6 4 2   20 11 19   |d| = 6
 M    2,   1,   3    ,  , 
7 7 7   7 7 7 10. P(2, 1, 2)
Since, M is the mid point of AB.
x1  2 20 y1  1 11 z  3 19
 = ,  , 1 
2 7 2 7 2 7 Q 2x + y + z = 9
26 15 17
 x1 = , y1 =  , z1 =
7 7 7
 26 15 17 
Image of A is B  ,  ,  Since, direction cosines of PQ are equal and
 7 7 7 
positive
8. Since, a and b are coplanar, a  b is a vector 1 1 1
 the d.r.s. of PQ are , ,
3 3 3
perpendicular to the plane containing a and b .
 The equation of the line PQ is
Similarly, c  d is a vector perpendicular to the
x  2 y 1 z  2
plane containing c and d .  
1 1 1
The two planes will be parallel, if their normals 3 3 3
a  b and c  d are parallel.  x – 2 = y + 1 = z  2 = k, say
 a  b   c  d   0  Co-ordinate of the point Q are
(k + 2, k  1, k + 2)
9. Equation of the plane containing the given The point Q lies on the plane 2x + y + z = 9
lines is  2(k + 2) + k  1 + k + 2 = 9
x 1 y  2 z  3  4k + 5 = 9 k=1
2 3 4 =0  Q  (3, 0, 3)
3 4 5
3  2   0  1   3  2 
2 2 2
 PQ =
 (x  1) (15  16)  (y  2) (10  12)
= 111 = 3
+ (z  3) (8  9) = 0
 (x  1) (1)  (y  2) (2) + (z  3) (1) = 0 11. Let A  (a, 0, 0), B  (0, b, 0), C  (0, 0, c)
 x + 1 + 2y  4  z + 3 = 0 a b c
 G  (x, y, z)   , , 
 x + 2y  z = 0  3 3 3
 x  2y + z = 0 ….(i) a b c
 = x, = y, = z
Given equation of plane is 3 3 3
Ax  2y + z = d ….(ii)  a = 3x, b = 3y, c = 3z ….(i)
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 Chapter 08: Plane
The equation of the plane is 13. The equation of the given plane can be written
x y z x y z
  =1 as   =1
a b c 20 15 12
Since, this plane is at a distance of 1 unit from Let the plane intersects the x, y and z axes in the
the origin, points A(20, 0, 0), B(0, 15, 0), C(0, 0, 12)
 ˆ b 15jˆ , and c   12kˆ
a  20i,
1
=1 1
1 1 1  Volume of tetrahedron = a b c 
2
 2 2 6 
a b c
20 0 0
1 1 1 1
 2  2  2 =1 = 0 15 0 = 600 = 600
a b c 6
0 0 12
1 1 1
 2  2  2 = 1 ….[From (i)]
9x 9y 9z
14. Given lines are coplanar.
1 1 1 1 2 4  3 5  4
 2  2  2 =9
x y z  1 1 k = 0
k=9 k 2 1
12. Let the equation of the plane OAB be   1(1 + 2k)  1(1 + k2) + 1(2  k) = 0
ax + by + cz = d   1  2k  1  k2 + 2  k = 0
This plane passes through the points A(1, 2, 1)   k2  3k = 0  k(k + 3) = 0
and B(2, 1, 3)
 k = 0 or k = 3
 a + 2b + c = 0, …(i)
and 2a + b + 3c = 0 …(ii)
 on solving (i) and (ii), we get
a b c
 
5 1 3
Similarly, let the equation of the plane ABC be
a(x + 1) + b(y  1) + c(z  2) = 0
Substituting the co-ordinates of A and B, we get
2a + b  c = 0,
and 3a + c = 0
a  b c
  
1 5 3
If  is the angle between two planes, then it is
the angle between their normals.
51 (1)  ( 5)  (3)  (3)
 cos  =
25  1  9 1  25  9
559
=
35 35
19
=
35
 19 
  = cos1  
 35 
365
 Textbook
Chapter No.

09 Linear Programming
Hints

Classical Thinking
3. Option D is the only option which is non-linear.
4. ‘p’ is a linear inequality and ‘q’ is a non-linear inequality
5. Since the profit should be maximum, the objective function is
Maximum profit, z = 40x + 25y.
9. Let x = number of table clothes produced in a day, and
y = number of curtains produced in a day
 x  0, y  0 ….[ both items cannot be negative]
Representing the given information in tabular form, we get
Table cloth (x) Curtain (y) Total availability
Money earned (`) 50 250 500
Hours of work 1 3 z
 50x + 250y  500
 total hours = z = x + 3y
 Required LPP is formulated as
Minimize, z = x + 3y , subject to 50 x + 250 y  500, x  0 , y  0
15. At (800, 400), P = 12 (800) + 6 (400) = 12000
At (1050, 150), P = 12 (1050) + 6 (150) = 13500
At (600, 0), P = 12 (600) + 6 (0) = 7200
 Maximum value of P is 13500.
16. The corner points of feasible region are O(0, 0), A(7, 0), B(3, 4) and D(0, 2)
At A(7, 0), z = 5(7) + 7(0) = 35
At B(3, 4), z = 5(3) + 7(4) = 43
At C(0, 2), z = 5(0) + 7(2) = 14
 Maximum value of z is 43.
17. The corners of feasible region are O(0, 0), A(25, 0), B(16, 16) and C(0, 24)
At O(0, 0), z = 0
At A(25, 0), z = 4(25) + 3(0) = 100
At B (16, 16), z = 4(16) + 3(16) = 112
At C(0, 24), z = 4(0) + 3(24) = 72
 Maximum value of z is 112.
18. The corners of feasible region are O (0,0), A (52, 0), E (44, 16) and D (0, 38).
 At A(52, 0), z = 3(52) + 4(0) = 156
At E(44, 16), z = 3(44) + 4(16) = 196
At D(0, 38), z = 3(0) + 4(38) = 152
 Maximum value of z is 196

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 Chapter 09: Linear Programming
5 3
19. At A (50, 50), P = (50) + (50) + 410 = 610
2 2
5 3
At B (10, 50), P = (10) + (50) + 410 = 510
2 2
5 3
At C (60, 0), P = (60) + (0) + 410 = 560
2 2
5 3
At D (60, 40), P = (60) + (40) + 410 = 620
2 2
 Minimum value of P is 510 at B (10, 50)

20. The corners of given feasible region are A(12, 0), B(4, 2), C(1, 5) and D(0, 10)
At A(12, 0), z = 3(12) + 2(0) = 36
At B(4, 2), z = 3(4) + 2(2) = 16
At C(1, 5), z = 3(1) + 2(5) = 13
At D(0, 10), z = 3(0) + 2(10) = 20
Minimum value of z is 13

21. The corner points of feasible region are (0, 3), (0, 5) and (3, 2)
 At (0, 3), z = 11(0) + 7(3) = 21
At (0, 5), z = 11(0) + 7(5) = 35
At (3, 2), z = 11(3) + 7(2) = 47
 Minimum value of z is 21

 3 24  3  24  51
22. At P  ,  , z = + 2  = = 3.923
 13 13  13  13  13
 3 15  3  15 
At Q  ,  , z = + 2  = 9
2 4  2  4
7 3 7 3
At R  , ,z= + 2  = 5
2 4 2 4
 18 2  18  2  22
At S  ,  , z = + 2  = = 3.143
 7 7 7 7 7
 Maximum value of z is 9, and
22
Minimum value of z is .
7

23. Assume that x and y take arbitrary large values. So the objective function can be made as large as we want.
Hence the problem has unbounded solution.

24. The feasible region is unbounded. x and y can take arbitrary large values.
Hence the problem has unbounded solution.

25. Since there are two disjoint feasible regions, the LPP has no solution.

26. The feasible region is disjoint.

 There is no solution.

367
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

Critical Thinking
1. From the given table the constraints are 2x + 3y  36; 5x + 2y  50; 2x + 6y  60
Also x  0, y  0 ….[ number of magazines cannot be negative]
 The number of constraints are 5.
2. Repersenting the given information in table form, we get
Shirt (x) Pants (y) Total availability
Work time on machine (hours) 2 3 70
Man labour (hours) 3 2 75
Linear constraints are 2x + 3y  70, 3x + 2y  75.
Also, x  0, y  0 ….[ number of shirts and pants cannot be negative]
3. Let the factory owner purchase x units of machine A and y units of machine B for his factory.
 x0,y0 .…[ number of machines cannot be negative]
Representing the given information in tabular form, we get
Machine A(x) Machine B(y) Total Availability
Machine Area (m2) 1000 1200 7600
Skilled men 12 8 72
Daily output (no. of units) 50 40 z
 1000x + 1200y  7600
12x + 8y  72
4. Let, x = number of necklaces, and y = number of bracelets
 x  0, y  0 ….[ number of necklaces and bracelets cannot be negative]
Representing the given information in tabular form, we get
Necklace (x) Bracelet (y) Total availability
1
Time required (hrs) 1 16
2
Profit (`) 100 200 z
1
  x + y  16  x + 2y  32
2
x + y  24
total profit z = 100x + 300y
 Required LPP is formulated as
Maximize z = 100x + 300y, subject to
x + y  24, x + 2y  32, x  0, y  0
5. Let the consumption per day be, x grams of food X and Y grams of food Y.
 x  0 and y  0 ….[ the quantities cannot be negative]
Representing the given information in table form, we get
Type of food Food X (x) Food Y (y) Minimum requirement
Vitamin A per gram (units) 4 6 90
Vitamin B per gram (units) 7 11 130
Cost per gram (paise) 15 22 z
 4x + 6y  90,
7x + 11y  130, and z = 15 x + 22 y
 Required LLP is formulated as,
Minimize z = 15x + 22y , subject to constraints
4x + 6y  90, 7x + 11y  130, x  0, y  0
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 Chapter 09: Linear Programming
6. Suppose x kg of food A and y kg of food B are consumed to form a weekly diet.
 x  0, y  0. ….[Since quantity of food cannot be negative]
Representing the given information in table form, we get
Food A (x) Food B (y) Minimum requirement
Fats (units) 4 12 18
Carbohydrates (units) 16 4 24
Protein (units) 8 6 16
Cost (`) 6 5 z
 Required LPP is formulated as
Minimize, z = 6x + 5y subject to constraints,
Y
4x + 12y  18, 16x + 4y  24, 8x + 6y  24, x  0, y  0
(0, 5)
y=5
7. Converting the given inequalities into equations, we get x + y = 4
The equation intersects the axes at (4 , 0) and (0 , 4) (0, 4)
The feasible region lies on origin side of lines y = 5 and x + y = 4 and
in first quadrant.
It is bounded in first quadrant. X X
O (4, 0)
8. Converting given inequalities into equations, we get x+y=4
Y
x y
y  x = 1 i.e.  1 ….(i) Y
 1 1 yx=1
x y
2x  6y = 3 i.e.  1 ….(ii)
3  1 
2  2 
2x  6y = 3
x = 0, y = 0 A(0, 1) B  , 0 
3
2 
 Equation (i) intersects the axes at (1, 0) and (0, 1) X (1, 0) O X
 1 
3   1   0, 
Equation (ii) intersects the axes at  ,0  and  0,   2 
2   2  Y
Substituting x = 0, y = 0 in given inequalities, we get
(0)  (0) = 0  1 , and 2 (0)  6 (0) = 0  3
 Feasible region lies on the origin side of both the lines, in first quadrant.
It is unbounded and convex.
Y
9. The feasible region lies on origin side of line
2x + 3y  5 = 0 and non-origin side of line 4x–3y+2= 0
4x  3y + 2 = 0. However, it is not bounded by
any axes.
X O X

2x+3y–5= 0
10. Y  x + 3y = 9 Y

(0,3)

(0,1)
X X
(–9,0) (– 1, 0) O

x+y=1 Y
The feasible region lies on origin side of the lines x + 3y = 9 and x + y = 1, and in first quadrant.
It is unbounded.

369
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
11. Feasible region lies on origin side of line 2x  3y = 5. Y

 O lies inside the region

Substituting P (2, 2) in given inequality, we get 2x–3y=5
X X
2 (2)  3 (2) = 10  5 O 5 
 ,0 
2 
 P lies outside the region.  5
 0,  
 3

Y
12. It is clear from the graph that origin is not there in the feasible region. Out of the 4 options, only option (B)
satisfies this condition i.e., 4(0)  2(0) = 0  3 is correct.

13. The shaded region lies;

On origin side of line x + 2y = 8  x + 2y  8,
On non-origin side of line 2x + y = 2  2x + y  2,
On origin side of line x  y = 1  x  y  1
and in first quadrant  x  0, y  0. Y

2x+y=2
14. The feasible region lies on non-origin side of line 2x + y = 2
and origin side of line x  y = 3 as shown in the figure. (0,2)
x–y=3
By solving the two equations, we get the point of (1,0) X
 5 4  X
intersection  , O (3,0)
 , which is the vertex of the common
3 3   5 4 
 , 
3 3 
graph.
(0,–3)

Y

15. Feasible region lies on origin side of line x + y = 6, non-origin side of line 3x + 2y = 6 and in the first
quadrant.
 Vertices of the feasible region are (0, 6), (0,3), (2, 0) and (6, 0)

B(0,6)

D(0,3)

X X
O C(2,0) A(6,0)

3x + 2y = 6 x+y=6
Y

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 Chapter 09: Linear Programming
16. Converting the given inequalities into equations, we get x = 5, x = 10, y = 5 and y = 10
The feasible region is as shown in the figure
Y
(5, 10) ( 10 , 10)
y = 10

y=5
(5, 5) (10, 5)

X X
O
x=5 x = 10
Y
 The vertices of the feasible region are (5, 5), (10, 5), (10,10) and (5, 10)
17. Converting the given inequations into equations, we get
x y
2x + 3y = 6 i.e.   1 ….(i)
3 2 Y
x y
5x + 3y = 15 i.e.   1 ….(ii) (0,5)
3 5
 Equation (i) intersects the axes at points (3, 0) and (0, 2) 5x+3y=15
Equation (ii), intersects at points (3, 0) and (0, 5). 2x+3y=6
Also substituting origin (0, 0) in both in equalities we get, (0,2)
2(0) + 3(0) = 0  6 and 5(0) + 3(0) = 0  15
(3,0)
 Feasible region lies on origin side of both the lines as shown in the graph X X
O
 the vertices of feasible region are (0, 2), (0, 0) and (3, 0)
Y
 (0, 5) is not a vertex of feasible region.
18. Using two point form we have, equation of line AB : x + 2y = 8 and equation of line CD : 3x + 2y = 12
Since, the shaded region lies on, origin side of line AB, non-origin side of line CD and above X axis.
 x + 2y  8 , 3x + 2y  12 and y  0
19. Take a test point (1, 1) that lies within the feasible region. Since (1) + (1) = 2  5, is true we have x + y  5.
Since 1  4 and 1  3 are true, we have x  4 and y  3. Since 4(1) + 1 = 5  4, we have 4x + y  4
20. The feasible region lies on the origin side of 2x + y = 30 and x + 2y = 24, Y
in the first quadrant.
The corners of the feasible region are O (0, 0), A (15, 0), B (0, 12) and
C (12, 6) 2x+y = 30
At A(15, 0), z = 90
At B(0, 12), z = 96 B(0,12) C(12,6)
At C(12, 6), z = 120
 Maximum value of z is 120. X X
O A(15,0)
x+2y = 24
Y
21. The feasible region lies on origin side of lines x + y = 5 and Y
3x + y = 9, in first quadrant.
3x + y = 9
 The corners of feasible region are (0,9)
O (0, 0), A (0, 5), B (2, 3) and C (3, 0) x+y = 5
 Maximum value of objective function A(0,5) B(2,3)
z = 12x + 3y is at C (3, 0)
 z =12 (3) + 3 (0) = 36 (5,0)
X X
O C(3,0)

Y
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
22. The feasible region lies on the origin side of 3x + 5y = 15 and 5x + 2y = 10, Y
in first quadrant.
The corners of the feasible region are 5x + 2y = 10
D(0,5)
 20 45  3x+5y = 15
O (0, 0), B (0, 3), E  ,  and C (2, 0)
 19 19  B(0,3)  20
E , 
45 
 19 19 
 20 45 
The maximum value of z = 5x + 3y is at E  ,  A(5,0)
 19 19  X C(2,0)
X
O
 20   45  235
 Maximum z = 5   + 3   = Y
 19   19  19
23. Feasible region lies on the origin side of x + 5y = 200 and Y
2x + 3y = 134, in first quadrant.
The corner points of the feasible region are
O (0, 0), A (67, 0), B (10, 38) and C (0, 40)  134 
 0, 
 3  B(10, 38)
At A (67, 0), z = 268
C(0, 40)
At A (10, 38), z = 382 x + 5y =200
At A (0, 40), z = 360 X X
 Maximum value of z is at B (10, 38) O A(67, 0) 2x + 3y = 134 (200, 0)

24. z = px + qy Y
At (15, 15), z = 15p + 15q
At (0, 20), z = 0 + 20q = 20q
 Maximum z occurs at both the points,
 15p + 15q = 20q  15p = 5q  3p = q
25. Suppose that the manufacturer produces x soaps of Y
type I and y soaps of type II.
 x  0; y  0; 2x + 3y  480 and 3x + 5y  480 300
Feasible region lies on origin side on both inequalities, 250
in first quadrant. 200
The corners of the feasible region are (0, 160)
150
O (0, 0), A (0, 96) and B (160, 0) 100 A(0, 96)
Maximum profit, P = 0.25x + 0.5y 50
 At A (0, 96), P = 0.25(0) + 0.5(96) = 48 B(160, 0) (240, 0)
X X
At B (160, 0), P = 0.25(160) + 0.5(0) = 40 O 50 100 150 200 250 300
For maximum profit of ` 48, 96 soaps of type II must be 2x + 3y = 480
3x + 5y = 480
manufactured. Y
26. The feasible region lies on the origin side of both the lines. Y
The corner points of feasible region are
O (0, 0), A (30, 0), B (0, 40) and P (30, 40) B (0, 40) P (30, 40)
 At O (0, 0), z = 4(0) + 5(0) = 0 y = 40
At A (30, 0), z = 4(30) + 5(0) = 120
At B (0, 40), z = 4(0) + 5(40) = 200
At P (30, 40), z = 4(30) + 5(40) = 320
 The minimum value of z is 0
X
X' O A (30, 0)

Y'
x = 30
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 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
2
 a  a 6ah 8h
3
 4 tan 2 
    2 = b3 =  4(sec2  cosec2  1)
b b b sin 
4

 1 2

  a  3  a  3 2h  = 4sec2  cosec 2   4sec2  cosec 2   4
….        
  b   b  b 
 =2
3
 ab(a + b)  6abh + 8h = 0 25. Given equation of pair of lines
22. Given equation of pair of lines is (tan2  + cos2 )x2 – 2xy tan  + sin2  y2 = 0
2x2 – 5xy + 3y2 = 0 a = tan2  + cos2 , h =  tan , b = sin2 
5 If 1 and 2 are the angles made by lines with
 a = 2, h = ,b=3
2 X-axis, then tan 1 = m1 and tan 2 = m2
5 2 2 tan 
 m1 + m2 = and m1.m2 = ….(i) Now, m1 + m2 = = 2sec  cosec 
6 3 sin 2 
1 1 tan 2   cos 2 
Slopes of lines = and m1m2 = = sec2  + cot2 
m1 m2 sin 
2

 Required equation of pair of lines is

 m1  m2 = 4 sec 2 a cosec 2 a – 4(sec 2 a  cot 2 a)
 1 1  1
y2     xy + x2 = 0 = 4sec 2 a (cosec 2 a – 1) – 4cot 2 a
 m1 m2  m1m2
2  m  m2  1 = 4cot 2 a (sec 2 a  1)
y   1  xy + x2 = 0
 m1m 2  m1m 2 = 4cot 2  tan 2 
 5  =2
  1
 y2   6  xy + x2 = 0 26. The equation of one of the lines passing
2
   2 
  through origin is y = mx.
 3   3
2 2 The line makes an angle  with the line y = x
 2y  5xy + 3x = 0
 m1  m 2  (m  1)
23. Let the angle made by one of the lines with  tan  =   = 
X-axis =  1  m1m 2  1 m
 The angle made by other line with Y-axis =   (1 + m)2 tan2  = (m  1)2
 m1 = tan , 1  tan 2  
m2 = tan (90  ) = cot   m2  2m   +1=0
1  tan  
2

a
 m1m2 = = 1  m2  2m sec 2 + 1 = 0
b
a  1  tan 2  
 =1a=b ….   sec 2 
 1  tan 
2
b 
24. Given equation of pair of lines is y
But m =
x2(sec2  – sin2 ) – 2xy tan  + y2 sin2  = 0 x
 a = sec2   sin2 , h =  tan , b = sin2  On eliminating m, we get
2 tan  y2 – 2xy sec 2 + x2 = 0.
Now, m1 + m2 = ,
sin 2  27. Let the equation of one of the line which
sec 2   sin 2  bisects the angle between the co-ordinate axes
m1 m 2 =
sin 2  be y = x
 m1 – m2 = (m1  m2 )2  4m1m2  m1 = tan 45o = 1
Let m2 be the slope of the other line.
2
 2 tan    sec 2   sin 2   a
=    4   Now, m1m2 =
 sin   sin 2 
2
  b
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
a 31. Given equation of pair of lines is
Since m1 = 1, we get m2 = ;
b ax2  bxy  y2 = 0
2h b
Also, m1 + m2 =  A = a, H = , B = –1
b 2
a 2h Since lines make angles  and  with X-axis,
1+ =
b b  m1 = tan and m2 = tan
 a + b = –2h b
28. Let the equation of one of the lines be y = x Now, m1 + m2 =  tan  + tan  = b
1
 m1 = tan 45 = 1
a
a and m1m2 =  tan  tan  = a
Now, m1m2 = 1
c
tan   tan 
a We know, tan ( + ) =
Since m1 = 1, we get m2 = 1  tan  tan 
c
b b b
Also, m1 + m2 = = =
c 1  (a) 1  a
a b
 1+ = 32. Given equation of pair of lines is
c c
abc ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
 =0  A = a, H = h, B = b
c
a+b+c=0  2 H 2  AB 
29. Let the equation of one of the angle bisector of tan  =  
 AB 
co-ordinate axes be x + y = 0  m1 = 1  
a  4h 2  4ab 
Now, m1m2 = = 
b  ab 
 
a
 m2 =   3a 2  3b 2  10ab  4ab 
b = 
 ab 
2h  
Also, m1 + m2 =
b ….[3a2 + 3b2 + 10ab = 4h2]
a 2h
 1 =  (a + b)2 = 4h2  3(a  b)2 
b b  tan  =  
30. The line makes angles  and  with X-axis  ab 
 
 m1 = tan  and m2 = tan 
 cot  =
1
and cot  =
1   = tan1  3
m1 m2 = 60
Given equation of pair of lines is
33. Given equation of pair of lines is
2x2  3xy + y2 = 0 x2 – 2pxy + y2 = 0
3  a = 1, h = p , b = 1
 a  2,h  ,b  1
2
2 h 2  ab
Now, m1 + m2 = 3 and m1m2 = 2  tan  =
m 2  m 22 ab
1 1
 cot2  + cot2  = 2  2 = 1
m1 m 2 (m1 m 2 ) 2  2 p2  1
 tan  = =  p2  1
(m1  m 2 )  2m1m 2
2
11
=
(m1m 2 ) 2  tan2 = p2 – 1
(3) 2  2(2) 5  sec2  1 = p2 – 1
= =
(2) 2
4   = sec1 p
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 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
34. Given equation of pair of lines is Squaring both sides, we get
(x2 + y2) sin + 2xy = 0 4  25(h2  ab) = (a + b)2
 a = b = sin , h = 1 100(h2  ab) = (a + b)2
 2 1  sin 2   Comparing with given condition,
 tan =   k(h2  ab) = (a + b)2, we get
 2 sin  
  k = 100
 cos  
  = tan1  1
 = tan (cot) 38. Comparing the given equations with
 sin   ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
    7
  = tan1  tan      =   a1 = 3, h1 = , b1 = 4
 2  2 2
35. Given equation of pair of lines is 5
a2 = 6, h2 = , b2 = 1
ax2 + xy + by2 = 0 2
1 If 1 and 2 are acute angles between the two
 A = a, H = ,B=b
2 pairs of lines, then
Now,  = 45  tan  = 1  49 
2  12 
1
2  ab tan 1 = 
4 = 1
 tan 45 = 4  3 4  7
ab  
 
 (a + b)2 = (1  4ab)
1
 a2 + b2 + 6ab  1 = 0  1 = tan1  
The above equation is satisfied by 7
a = 1 and b =  6  25 
2 6   1 
36. Given equation of pair of lines is tan 2 =  4 =  
k  6 1   7 
 a =  tan2 A, h = , b = 1  
2  
1
2 h 2  ab  2 = tan1  
 tan 2A = 7
ab
Hence, 1 = 2.
k2
2  tan 2 A 39. Given equation of pair of lines is
4
tan 2A = a2x2 + bcy2 = a(b + c)xy
1  tan 2 A
a(b  c)
k2  A = a2, H = , B = bc
2  tan 2 A 2
2 tan A 4
 = Since the lines are coincident
1  tan 2 A 1  tan 2 A  H2  AB = 0
k2 2
 + tan2 A = tan2 A  k = 0  a(b  c)  2
4     a (bc) = 0
 2 
37. Here, a1 = a, h1 = h, b1 = b, 2 2
5  a (b  c) = 0
a2 = 2, h2 = , b2 = 3  a = 0 or b = c
2
Given that 1 = 2 40. Given equation of pair of lines is
 tan 1 = tan 2 (p  q)x2 + 2(p + q)xy + (q  p)y2 = 0
2
25
6  a = p  q, h = p + q, b = q  p
2 h 2  ab 4 Since, the lines are mutually perpendicular
 =
ab 5  a+b=0
2 h 2  ab 1  (p  q) + (q  p) = 0
 = The above equation is true for all values of p
ab 5
and q.
279
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
19. Feasible region lies on origin side of x + y = 7 and Y
x + 2y = 10, and in first quadrant. B(0,7)
The corners of feasible region are
O(0, 0), A(7, 0), E(4, 3) and D(0, 5) D(0,5)
 Maximum z = 5x + 2y is at A (7, 0)
 Maximum, z = 5 (7) + 2 (0) = 35
E(4,3)

X A(7,0) C(10,0)
X
O
x+y = 7 x+2y = 10
Y
20. Corner points of the feasible region are Y
9 5  26 
(0, 0) (6, 0),  ,  and  0 ,  10
2 2  5  3x + 5y = 26
At (0, 0), z = 2(0) + 0 = 0 8
At (6, 0), z = 2(6) + 0 = 12 6
 26 
9 5 9 5  0, 
At  ,  , z  2    = 11.5  5  4 9 5
 2 2  2
  2  , 
2 2
 26  26 2
At  0 ,  , z = 2(0) + = 5.2
 5  5 (6, 0)
X X
 Maximum value of z is 12 at (6, 0). O 2 4 6 8 10

Y
5x + 3y = 30
21. The feasible region lies on origin side of all the inequalities and in first quadrant
X2 x1= 4
The corners of feasible region are
(0, 0), (4, 0), (4, 3), (2, 6) and (0, 6).
At (4, 0), z = 3(4) + 0 = 2 (0, 9)
At (4, 3), z = 3(4) + 5(3) = 27 (2,6)
x2 = 6
At (2, 6), z = 3(2) + 5(6) = 36 (0, 6)
At (0, 6), z = 0 + 5(6) = 30 (4, 3)
 Maximum value of 2 is 36 at (2, 6)
X1 X1
O (4, 0) (6, 0)
3x1+2x2=18
X2
Y
22. The feasible region lies on the origin side of the lines
x + y = 20, x + 2y = 35 and x – 3y = 12
The corners of the feasible region are x + y = 20
B(0,20)
 35 
O (0, 0), E (12, 0), H (18, 2), G (5, 15), D  0,   35  E(5,15)
 2  0, 
 The maximum value of 4x + 5y is at G (5, 15) D 2 
x – 3y = 12
 Maximum 4x + 5y = 4 (5) + 5 (15) = 95 H(18,2)
X C(35,0)
O X
E(12,0) A(20,0)
x + 2y = 35
F(0,–4)

Y
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 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
49. Given equation of pair of lines is 54. Given equation of pair of lines is
x2 – 3xy + y2 + 3x – 5y + 2 = 0 2x2 – 4xy – py2 + 4x + qy + 1 = 0
5 3 3 q
a = 1, b = , c = 2, f = ,g= , h= a = 2, b = – p, c = 1, f = , g = 2, h = 2
2 2 2 2
Now, abc + 2 fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0 The lines are perpendicular,
 5   3   3  25 9  18  a+b=0
2 + 2         – – – =0 2p=0p=2
 2  2  2  4 4 4
The equations represents pair of lines
=2 2
9 q q
2 2  2(2)(1) + 2   (2) (2)  2  
4 1 2 2
tan  = =
1 2 3 + 2(2)2  1(2)2 = 0
 cot  = 3 2
 q  8q = 0  q = 0 or 8
 cosec2  = 1 + cot2  = 1 + 9 = 10
55. Given equation of pair of lines is
50. Given equation of pair of lines is 12x2 + 7xy + by2 + gx + 7y – 1 = 0
9x2 + y2 + 6xy – 4 = 0
7 g 7
 a = 9, b = 1, h = 3  A = 12, B = b, C = –1, F = ,G= ,H=
h2 – ab = 32 – 9(1) = 0 2 2 2
 The lines are parallel The lines are perpendicular
Now, 9x2 + 6xy + y2 = 4  A + B = 0  12 + b = 0  b = 12
 (3x + y)2 = 4  3x + y =  2 Also, ABC + 2FGH – AF2 – BG2 – CH2 = 0
Hence, the lines are parallel and not  7  g  7 
 (12)(12)(1) + 2    
coincident.  2  2  2 
51. Given equation of pair of lines is 2 2 2
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 7 g 7
 (12)    (12)    (1)   = 0
 A = a, B = b, H = h 2 2 2
2
The lines are parallel  12g + 49g + 37 = 0
 H2 = AB  (g + 1)(12g + 37) = 0
 h = ab 37
 g = 1 or 
Now ABC + 2FGH  AF2  BG2  CH2 = 0 12
 abc + 2fg ab  af2  bg2  abc = 0
56. Given equation of pair of lines is
 ( a f  b g)2 = 0  af2 = bg2 12x2 + 7xy – py2 – 18x + qy + 6 = 0
52. Given equation of pair of lines is q 7
x2 + k1y2 + 2k2y = a2 a = 12, b = –p, c = 6, f = , g = –9, h =
2 2
a = 1, b = k1, c =  a2, f = k2, g = 0, h = 0 The lines are be perpendicular
The lines are perpendicular  a + b = 0.
 a + b = 0  k1 = 1
 12 – p = 0  p = 12
Substituting value of k1 in the given equation
of lines, we get Also, abc + 2 fgh  af2  bg2  ch2 = 0
2
x2  y2 + 2k2y  a2 = 0 q 7 q
 12(–12)6 + 2   (– 9)   – 12  
 a2  k 22 = 0  k2 =  a 2 2 2
2
53. (x2 + y2)(h2 + k2  a2) = (hx + ky)2 7
2
 x2(h2 + k2  a2) + y2(h2 + k2  a2) – (–12)(–9) – 6   = 0
2
= h2x2 + k2y2 + 2hkxy
2 2 2 2 2 2 63q 147
 x (k  a ) + y (h  a )  2hkxy = 0  – 864 – – 3q2 + 972 – =0
 A = k2  a2, B = h2  a2 2 2
The lines are perpendicular  23 – 21q – 2q2 = 0
 A+B=0 23
 (q – 1)(2q + 23) = 0  q = 1 or –
 k2  a2 + h2  a2 = 0  h2 + k2 = 2a2 2
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
57. The separate equations of lines represented by Angle between L2 and L3 is
x2  7xy + 6y2 = 0 are  l  3m  l
x – 6y = 0 and x – y = 0    
S2  S3  m  3l  m
Let the 3 points be as shown in figure. 23 = tan–1 = tan1
1  S2S3  l  3m   l 
A(0, 0) 1     
 m  3l   m 
3m 2  3l 2
x – 6y = 0 x–y=0 = tan1 = tan1 ( 3) = 60
G(1,0) m2  l 2
 Angle between the lines L1 and L2 = 60
(x1, y1)B C(x2, y2) Hence, the triangle is equilateral.
0  x1  x2
We know =1 Competitive Thinking
3 Y
2.
 x1 + x2 = 3 ….(i)
and y1 + y2 = 0 ….(ii)
Also, x1 – 6y1 = 0 ….(iii)
x2 – y2 = 0 ….(iv) 150
B A
[Since the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) lie on the
lines AB and AC respectively]
60 60
On solving, we get the co-ordinates of B and
C. 30
X X
 18 3   3 3  O
 B   ,  and C   , 
 5 5  5 5 
Hence, the equation of third side i.e., BC is
3 3 3
y  Y
5 = 5 5 Let OA and OB be the required lines.
18 3 18
x   angles made by OA and OB with X-axis are
5 5 5 30 and 150 respectively.
 2x – 7y – 3 = 0. 1 1
58. The given pair of lines can be separated as:  their equations are y = x and y =  x
3 3
L1 = (l + 3 m)x + (m  3 l )y = 0
i.e., x  3y = 0 and x + 3y = 0
L2 = (l  3 m)x + (m + 3 l )y = 0
 The joint equations of the lines is
and L3 = lx + my + n = 0
 The slopes S1, S2 and S3 of the three lines  x  3 y  x  3 y  = 0  x2  3y2 = 0
respectively are, 3. The lines trisecting the first quadrant are as
(l  3m) (l  3m) l shown in the figure.
S1 = , S2 = , S3 = Y
y= 3 x
(m  3l ) (m  3l ) m
Angle between L1 and L3 is
S S 1
13 = tan–1 1 3 y= x
1  S1S3 3

 l  3m  l 60
  30
O X
= tan1  m  3l  m  The joint equation of the lines is
 l  3m   l   1 
1    y 
x  y  3x = 0 
 m  3l   m   3 

 3m 2  3l 2   3y  x  y  3x = 0
= tan1
l m
2 2
 tan 1  3  = 60  3x 2  4 xy + 3 y 2 = 0

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 Chapter 04: Pair of Straight Lines
4. Y  x2  4x + 4 + y2 = 16 + x2 + 4x + 4 + y2
 x  2
2
135 xy2=0 8  y2

 x  2
2
y=3 45 x2  y2
(5,3)
Again squaring both sides, we get
x+y8=0
(x + 2)2 = (x + 2)2 + y2
 y2 = 0
O x=5 X
This is an equation of pair of two coincident
The equations of bisectors are, straight lines.
y  3 = (1)(x  5) and y  3 = (1)(x  5)
8. The required lines are parallel to
 x  y  2 = 0 and x + y  8 = 0
x2  4xy + 3y2 = 0, which pass through (3, 2).
 The joint equation of the bisectors is
 the combined equation of lines is
(x  y  2)(x + y  8) = 0
(x  3)2  4(x  3)(y + 2) + 3(y + 2)2 = 0
 x2  y2  10x + 6y + 16 = 0
 x2  6x + 9  4(xy + 2x  3y  6)
5. Slope of QR = –2. + 3(y2 + 4y + 4) = 0
P(2, 1)
Slope of PQ = m1  x2  6x + 9  4xy  8x + 12y + 24 + 3y2
m1  2 + 12y + 12 = 0
 tan 45  2 2
 x  4xy + 3y  14x + 24y + 45 = 0
1  m1 (2)
45 45
Q R 9. The required equation is 2x2  3xy + 5y2 = 0
m 2 2x+y = 3
 1 1 i.e., 2x2 + 3xy  5y2 = 0
1  2m1
1 10. Given equation of pair of lines is
 m1 =  4xy + 2x + 6y + 3 = 0
3
 2x(2y + 1) + 3(2y + 1) = 0
 Equation of PQ passing through point P (2, 1)
 (2y + 1)(2x + 3) = 0
and having slope m1 is
 Separate equations of lines are 2x + 3 = 0 and
1
y  1   ( x  2) 2y + 1 = 0
3 3 1
 3(y  1) + (x  2) = 0 ….(i) i.e. x = and y =
2 2
Slope of PR = m2 = 3 …. [PQ  PR] The equation of line passing through (2, 1) and
 equation of PR is 3
y – 1 = 3(x – 2) perpendicular to x = is y = 1 i.e. y – 1 = 0
2
 (y  1)  3(x  2) = 0 ….(ii) The equation of line passing through (2, 1) and
 The joint equation of the lines is 1
[3(y – 1) + (x – 2)][(y – 1) – 3(x – 2)] = 0 perpendicular to y = is x = 2 i.e. x – 2 = 0
2
 3(y – 1)2 – 8(y – 1)(x – 2) – 3(x – 2)2 = 0
 Combined equation of pair of lines is
 3(x2 – 4x + 4) + 8(xy – x – 2y + 2) (x – 2)(y – 1) = 0
– 3(y2 – 2y + 1) = 0
 xy – x – 2y + 2 = 0
 3x2 – 3y2 + 8xy – 20x – 10y + 25 = 0
11. OD is the median
6. x2  7xy + 12y2 = 0
1 3 2  4 
(x  3y)(x  4y) = 0  D  , 
Hence, the lines are intersecting and  2 2 
non-perpendicular.  D  (2, 3) O(0, 0)

7. ( x  2)2  y 2 + ( x  2)2  y 2 = 4
i.e. ( x  2)2  y 2  4  ( x  2)2  y 2
Squaring both sides, we get
(x 2)2 + y2 = 168 ( x  2)  y 2 +(x +2)2 + y2 B(3, 4)
A(1, 2) E D
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MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
38. The feasible region is unbounded. Y
 its maximum value does not exist. (0, 100)
3x+2y = 160

(20, 50)
(0, 40)
(40, 20)
(80,0)
X X
x+2y=80

Y 5x+2y = 200
39. The feasible region lies on the origin side of the line x + 2y = 2 and on non-origin side of x + 2y = 8.
 There is no feasible solution.
8
6

x + 2y = 2 4

2 4 6 8 10
x + 2y = 8
40. The feasible region is disjoint. Y
 there is no point common to all inequations. x + y = 10
 There is no maximum value of z.
D(0,10)

B(0,6)

C(10,0)
X
X O A(9,0)

Y
2x+3y = 18

Evaluation Test

1. Let no. of model M1 = x and no. of model M2 = y Y

 x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
Constraints are 4x + 2y ≤ 80  2x + y ≤ 40, 2x + 5y ≤ 180 (0, 40)
Maximize z = 3x + 4y
C(0, 36)
The corners of feasible region are B(2.5, 35)
O(0, 0), A(20, 0), B(2.5, 35), C(0, 36)
2x + 5y = 180
 At A (20, 0), z = 3(20) + 0 = 60
(90,0)
At B (2.5,35), z = 3(2.5) + 4(35) = 147.5 X X
O A(20, 0)
At C (0, 36), z = 0 + 3(36) = 108 2x+y=40
 z is maximum at B(2.5, 35).
Y

380
 Chapter 09: Linear Programming
Y
3. Objective function P = 2x + 3y
The corner points of feasible region are (0,30) x = 20
B(12, 12), C(3,3), D(20, 3), E(20, 10), F(18, 12) xy=0
At B = PB = 2 (12) + 3 (12) = 60
At C = PC = 2 (3) + 3 (3) = 15 B(12,12) F(18,12)
y = 12
At D = PD = 2 (20) + 3 (3) = 49 E(20,10)

At E = PE = 2 (20) + 3 (10)= 70 C(3,3) D(20,3) y=3

X O X
At F = PF = 2 (18) + 3 (12) = 72 (30, 0) x + y = 30

 P is maximum at F(18, 12). Y

4. For (1, 3), 3x + 2y = 3 + 6 > 0,

for (5, 0), 3  5 + 0 > 0,
and for (1, 2), 3 + 4 > 0
Similarly, other inequalities satisfies the given points.
 Option (D) is the correct answer.
5. Y

(0,1500)

(0,1000)

B(800,600) x2 = 600
A(0,600) C(1000,500)

(2000,0)
X X
O D(1500,0)
x1 + 2x2 = 2000
Y x1 + x2 = 1500
OABCD is the feasible region
 O(0, 0), A(0, 600), B(800, 600), C(1000, 500), D(1500, 0)
z = x1 + x2
At point C and D, z is maximum. Max z = 1500
 Infinite optimal solutions exist along CD.
6. Consider option (C)
3 + 2(4)  11
3(3) + 4(4) ≤ 30
2(3) + 5(4) ≤ 30
 All the above three in-equalities hold for point (3, 4).
 Option (C) is the correct answer.
7. Let the manufacturer produce x and y bottles of medicines A and B.
3x y
He must have +  66, x + y  45000, x  20000, y  40,000, x  0, y  0.
1000 1000
 the number of constraints is 6.
381
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
8. Let the company produce x telephones of A type and y telephones of B type.
 Constraints are 2x + 4y  800  x + 2y  400, x + y  300
Maximize z = 300x + 400y
Y

(0, 300)
(0, 200)
x + 2y = 400
(400, 0)
X X
O (300,0)

Y x + y = 300
 the feasible region of the LPP is bounded.
9. Given that 4x + 2y  8, 2x + 5y  10
 the feasible region lies on origin side of 4x + 2y = 8 and 2x + 5y = 10.
Also, x, y  0
 the feasible region lies in first quadrant.
 option (C) is correct.
X2
10. Objective function z = x1 + x2
The corner points of feasible region are
2 7
2 7 C , 
O(0, 0), A(2, 0), B(2, 1), C  ,  and D(0, 1) 3 3
3 3
2 7 D(0,1) B(2, 1)
At B(2, 1) and C  ,  , z is maximum. Max z = 3
3 3
X1 X1
 Infinite number of solutions exists along BC. O A(2,0)
2x1 + x2 = 1 x1 + x2 = 3
X 2 x1 = 2
11. Objective function z = 3x + 2y
The corner points of feasible region are
1 5 1 5 5 7 Y
A  ,  , B  ,  , C(1, 0), D(3, 0), E(3, 3), F  ,  y  5x = 0
4 4 6 6 2 2
(0,6) x=3
1 5
At A = zA = 3    2   = 3.25
4 4
F(5/2, 7/2)
1 5
At B = zB = 3    2   = 2.167 E(3,3)
6 6
At C = zC = 3(1) + 2(0) = 3
A(1/4, 5/4)
At D = zD = 3(3) + 2(0) = 9
B(1/6,5/6)
At E = zE = 3(3) + 2(3) = 15 D(3,0) (6,0)
X O C(1,0) X
5 7 x  y = 1 x+y=6
At F = zF = 3    2   = 14.5 x+y=1
2 2
Y
 Maximum value of z at (3,3) is 15.

382
 Textbook
Chapter No.

01 Continuity
Hints
8. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Classical Thinking
 f(0) = lim f(x)
 sin x  x 0
1. lim f(x) = lim   cos x 
x0 x 0  x  sin  x
 k = lim
= 1 + 1 = 2 = f(0) x 0 5x
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0.  sin  x  
 k = lim  .
1 x 0
 x  5
2. lim f(x) = lim sinx2 = 0 = f(0)
x0 x0 2 
 k = (1).
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0. 5
1 
 4x  x k=
3. lim f(x) = lim 1   5
x0 x 0
 5 
4
9. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
 5
 4 5 (e3 x  1)sin x
  4x 4x   f(0) = lim f(x) = lim
= lim  1   = e 5 = f(0) x 0 x 0 x2
 x 0  5  
  e3 x  1 sin x
= lim  3 = 1 3 1
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0. x 0 3x x
4. Since, f(x) is continuous x = 0.  f(0) = 3
 f(0) = lim f(x)
x 0 10. lim f(x) = lim (2 x + 1) = 3  f(1)
x 1 x 1
= lim (sin x  cos x)
x 0 lim f(x) = lim (x 2 + 1) = 2 = f(1)
x 1
= sin 0  cos 0 = 1 x 1

5. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. 1 1 1

11. f  =1 =
 f(0) = lim f(x) 2 2 2
x 0

2 x + tanx 1
= lim lim f(x) = lim (x) =
x0 x x
1
x
1 2
2 2
 tanx 
= lim  2 +  =2+1=3
x0  x  1 1
lim f(x) = lim (1  x) = 1  =
6. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 1. x
1
x
1 2 2
2 2
x2  1
 f (1)  lim f ( x)  k  lim 1
x 1 x 1 x  1  lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f  
 k = lim (x + 1) k=2 x
1 
x
1 
2
x 1 2 2

7. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. 1

 f(x) is continuous at x = .
 f(0) = lim f ( x ) 2
x 0
12. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
k sin 3x sin 3x  lim f(x) = f(1)
 = lim = lim 3
2 x 0 x x  0 3x x 1

k  lim (8x – 1) = k
 =3 k=6 x 1
2 k=7
383
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
13. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 2. 20. lim f(x) = lim x2 = 1 and f(1) = 2
x 1 x 1
 f(2) = lim f(x)
x 2  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
 3 = lim (kx – 1)
x 2 21. lim f(x) = lim x 2 = 1
x 1 x 1
 3 = 2k – 1
 k=2 lim f(x) = lim  x + 5  = 6
x 1 x 1

14. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 1.  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.

 lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x 1 x 1 22. lim f ( x) = lim x = 1
x 1 x 1
 2 = lim (c – 2x)
x 1
lim f ( x ) = lim ( x  1) = 1 + 1 = 2
2=c–2 x 1 x 1

c=4  lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )

x 1 x 1
15. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
 lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x 0 x 0
23. lim f(x) = lim (x – 1) = – 1
 lim (– x2 – k) = lim (x2 + k) x  0 x0
x 0 x 0
lim f(x) = lim x2 = 0
–k=k 
x 0 x0

k=0  lim f(x)  lim f(x)

x  0 
x 0
16. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
 lim f(x) = lim f(x)  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
x 1 x 1

 lim (2x + 1) = lim (3 – kx2) 5  1

x 1 x 1
24. lim f ( x) = lim   x  =
x 2  x2 2
  2
 2 + 1 = 3 – k(1)2
 3 1
k=0 lim f ( x)  lim  x    and f(2) = 1
x  2 x 2
 2 2
17. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 3.
 f(3) = lim f ( x )  lim f ( x) = lim f ( x)  f(2)
 
x 2 x 2
x  3

 4 = lim f(3  h)  4 = lim (3  h + )  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 2.

h 0 h 0
25. lim f ( x )  lim (1  x ) = 0
3+=4=1 x 1 x 1

18. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 2. lim f(x) = lim (1  x 2 ) = 1 + 12 = 2

x 1 x 1
 f (2)  lim f ( x)
x  2  lim f(x)  lim f(x)
x 1 x 1
 x 4  2
 f(2) = lim  a  8 = 4 + a  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
x 2  x  2 
a=4 26. lim f(y) = lim (y2  y  1) = 4  2  1 = 1
y  2 
y 2
Also, f (2)  lim f ( x)
x  2 lim f(y) = lim (4y + 1) = 8 + 1 = 9
y  2 
y 2
 f(2) = lim (x + b + 4)  8 = 6 + b
x 2  lim f(y)  lim f(y)
y  2 
y 2
b=2
 f(y) is discontinuous at y = 2.

19. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = .
2 28. lim f(x) = lim x2 = 1
x 3 x 3
 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x

x
 f(3) = 3  2 = 1
2 2
 lim f(x) = f(3)
 lim (ax + 1) = lim (sin x + b) x 3
 
x
2
x
2  f(x) is continuous at x = 3.
 a Since, 3  (2, 4)
 a. + 1 = 1 + b b=
2 2  f(x) is continuous in (2, 4).

384
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

56. The equation of line is y = 2 2 x + c 4 4

x= and y = ,
 y  2 2x  3 3
   = 1 ….(i)
Orthocentre is  , 
c 4 4
  
Given equation of circle is
3 3 
x2 + y2 = 2 (1)2 ….(ii) 58. Given equations of pair of lines are
 from (i) and (ii), we get xy + 4x  3y  12 = 0 and
 
2
xy  3x + 4y  12 = 0
x + y = 2  y  2 2 x 
2 2
 x(y + 4) 3(y + 4) = 0 and x(y  3) + 4(y  3) = 0
 c 
 (y + 4)(x  3) = 0 and (x + 4)(y  3) = 0
 c2(x2 + y2) = 2(y2  4 2 xy + 8x2)  The vertices of the square are as shown in the figure
 (c2  16)x2 + (c2  2)y2 + 8 2 xy = 0 D(4, 3)
y3=0
C(3, 3)
The lines are perpendicular if A + B = 0.
 c2  16 + c2  2 = 0
 2c2 18 = 0  c2  9 = 0 x+4=0 x3=0
d1 d2
57. Lines represented by the equation
2y2  xy  6x2 = 0 are A(4, 4) B(3, 4)
3 y+4=0
y = 2x and y =  x
2 Equation of diagonal d1 is
The co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle 4  3
y+4= ( x  4)
formed by above lines with x + y = 1 are 4  3
1 2 y+4=x+4
(0, 0),  ,  and (2, 3)
3 3 xy=0
The altitude from vertex (0, 0) on x + y = 1 is and equation of diagonal d2 is
y = x. ....(i) 3 4
y+4= (x  3)
1 2 3 4  3
The altitude from vertex  ,  on y = x
3 3 2  y + 4 = 1 (x  3)
2 2 1  y + 4 = x + 3
is y    x   x+y+1=0
3 3 3
 Combined equation of diagonals d1 and d2 is
 6x  9y + 4 = 0 ....(ii)
(x  y)(x + y + 1) = 0
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
 x2  y2 + x  y = 0

Evaluation Test
1. L1: ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0  (m1 – m2)2 = (m1 + m2)2 – 4m1m2
Equation of any line passing through origin 4h 2  4ab
and perpendicular to L1 is given by =
b2
bx2  2hxy + ay2 = 0 4h 2  3h 2
….(interchanging coefficients of x2 and y2 and = 2
….[ 4ab = 3h2 (given)]
b
change of sign for xy term) 2
h
 The required equation of pair of lines is  2
–15x2 + 7xy + 2y2 = 0 b
i.e. 15x2 – 7xy – 2y2 = 0 h
 m1  m2  .....(ii)
b
2h On solving (i) and (ii), we get
2. Here, m1  m2  .....(i)
b h 3h
m1  and m2 
a 2b 2b
and m1m2 
b  m1 : m2 = 1 : 3
290
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
6. lim f ( x ) = lim f (0  h) 1  kx  1  kx
x  0 h 0 11. lim f(x) = lim
x  0 x 0 x
h h By rationalising, we get
= lim 1
 lim 0
h 0 h 0 1 2kx
e 1
h 1 1 lim f(x) = lim
eh x 0  x 0

x 1  kx  1  k x 
h k
lim f ( x )  lim f (0  h) = lim 1
=0 = 2 lim =k

x 0 h 0 h 0 x 0
1  kx  1  kx
e 1
h
lim f(x) = lim(2 x 2  3x  2)  2
 lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )  f (0) 
x 0 x 0
x  0 x  0 Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0.  lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x  0 x  0

sin 2x  k = 2
7. lim = 2  f(0) 12. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 4.
x0 x
1
 f(4) = lim f(x)
x4
lim 1  x  x = e  f(0)
x0 x 4  64 x
1
= lim
1 1 1 x 4
x2  9  5
lim e x  lim = = = 0  f(0)
e  x  x3  64   
x0 x 0 1
ex x2  9  5
= lim
 3x 4 tan x 
lim    = 3 + 4 = 7 = f(0)
x4
x 2
 9   25
x 0  x x 
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0.

=  lim 2

x3  43  
x  4 x  42 
 lim
 x 4

x x2  9  5 
 
3
 
1 1
8. lim f(x) = lim 5 x = lim5

h
=0 = (4)  4 16  9  5 

x 0  x 0 h 0 2  
= 240
lim f(x) = lim [x] = 0, for all   R
x  0 x 0 13. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
f(0) = (0) = 0 tan ( x 2  x)
 f(0) = lim f ( x) = lim
 f is continuous at x = 0, whatever  may be.
x 0 x 0 x
tan[ x( x  1)]
= lim  (x  1) = 1  (1) = 1
9. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = a. x 0 x( x  1)
 f(a) = lim f ( x) 14. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
x a
 f(0) = lim f(x)
xa x a x 0
= lim  1  cos 4 x 2sin 2 2 x
x a x a x a  k = lim = lim
x 0 8x2 x 0 8x2
= lim
x a
 x a =  a + a =2 a
 k = lim
2
sin 2 x
=1
x 0 4 x2
10. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 1. 15. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
x3 2  f(0) = lim f ( x)
 f(1) = lim f ( x)  lim x 0
x 1 x 1 x3  1 1  cos 4 x
 a  lim
x3 2 x3  2 x 0 x2
= lim 
x 1 x3 13 x3  2 2sin 2 2 x
= lim
x 0 x2
x 1 1 1
= lim = = sin 2 2 x
x 1
 x 1  x 2
 x 1  x3 2  3(4) 12 = 2lim
x 0 (2 x ) 2
4=24=8

386
 Chapter 01: Continuity
16. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
 f(0) = lim f ( x) 9cos3x  cos x 9  1
x 0   lim    = 4
1  cos3x x 0 2 2
 k = lim
x tan x
x 0

1  cos3x 1 20. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = .
 k = lim  4
x 0 x2 tan x
x 
 f   = lim f(x)
3 2
  1  cos kx  k 
2
 4  x  4
k= 1 ....  lim    
2  x 0  x2  2 1  tan x
 k = lim
9 1  2 sin x
k= x
4
2
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
  sec 2 x 2
17. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = . k = lim  =2
2 x

 2 cos x 1

4
 f   = lim f ( x )
2 x

2 
21. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = ,
 k cos x  6
 3 = lim  
x    2 x 


2  lim f(x) = f  
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get x

6
6
k( sin x) 3sin x  3 cos x
3 = lim  lim =a
x
 2 x
 6x  
2
6
k Applying L'Hospital rule to L.H.S, we get
3= k=6
2
3cos x + 3 sin x
lim =a
 x
 6
18. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = . 6
4
 3 1
 3    3  
 f   = lim f(x) 2 2
 4  x  4    =a
6
cos x  sin x 4 3 1
 k = lim  =a a=
x
 cos 2 x 12 3
4

cos x  sin x
 k = lim 
x cos2 x – sin 2 x 22. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = .
4
2
cos x  sin x
 k = lim 
x (cos x – sin x ) (cos x + sin x )  f   = lim f(x)
4
 2  x  2
1 1
 k = lim = 1  sin x
x cos x + sin x 2   = lim
  2x
4  2
x
2
19. Since, f(x) is continuous x = 0. Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
 f(0) = lim f ( x )  cos x
x0
 = lim
cos3x  cos x x
 4    2 x 
   lim 2
x 0 x2 Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
sin x 1
3sin 3x  sin x  = lim  =
   lim
x 0 2x
x  
 4 2
2
8

387
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
23. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0, Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
f(0) = lim f ( x ) cos x cos x
x 0 
(a  x) 2 sin(a  x)  a 2 sin a f(0) = lim 2 1  sin x 2 1  sin x
 f(0) = lim
x0 1
x 0 x 1
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get = (1 + 1) = 1
2
2(a  x) sin (a  x)  (a  x) 2 cos(a  x) 28. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
f(0) = lim
x 0 1  f(0) = lim f(x)
 f(0) = 2a sin a + a2 cos a x 0

cos2 x  sin 2 x  1
24. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.  f(0) = lim
x 0
x2  1  1
2 x4
 f(0) = lim f(x) = lim (cos2 x  1)  sin 2 x x2  1  1
x 0 x 0 sin 2 x = lim 
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get x 0
x2  1  1 x2  1  1


1
2 x4

 1 = lim
  sin 2
x  sin 2 x   x2  1  1 
f(0) = lim   x 0 x 11
2
x 0 2cos 2 x 8
2sin x
 
2
= lim  x2  1  1
25. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. x 0 x2
 
1
(27  2 x) 3  3 = 2(1)2 0 2  1  1 = 4
 f(0) = lim f ( x)  lim 1
x 0 x 0
9  3(243  5 x) 5 29. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
 2 x  2 x 
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get  f (0)  lim f ( x )  lim  
2
x0 x0
 x 
1
(27  2 x ) 3 ( 2) Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
f(0) = lim 3 4
2  (2 x  2 x ) loge 2 
x 0 3 f(0) = lim 
 (243  5 x ) (5)
5

5 x 0
 1 
= (20 + 20) loge 2

26. For f(x) to be continuous at x = ,  f(0) = 2loge 2 = loge 4
2 30. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
 3x + 3 x  2
f   = lim f ( x )  f(0) = lim f ( x) = lim
 2  x  2 x 0 x 0 x2
2  1  sin x (3x  1) 2
= lim 2
x
 cos 2 x = lim x x
2 x0 3
2  (1  sin x) (log 3) 2
= lim = = (log3)2
x

2
(1  sin x ) 2
 2  1  sin x  1
31. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
1  sin x
= lim  f(0) = lim f ( x)
x

2
(1  sin x) (1  sin x)  2  1  sin x  x 0

8x  2 x
1  2 = lim
= lim x 0 k x  1
x
2
(1  sin x )  2  1  sin x   4x  1 
2x 
1 1 x  20 log 4
= =  2 = lim  x 2=
(1  1)  2  11  4 2 x 0 k 1 log k
x
27. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,  2 log k = log 4
1  sin x  1  sin x  2 log k = 2 log 2
f(0) = lim f(x) = lim
x0 x 0 x k=2
388
 Chapter 01: Continuity
32. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. 36. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
 f(0) = lim f(x)  f(0) = lim f ( x)
x 0 x 0
1
(e  1)sin x
3x
 4x  1  x
= lim = lim 
x 0 x2 x 0 1  4 x

 
x 4
e3 x  1
sin  1

= lim 180  
 3  (1  4 x ) 4x

x
3x 180 = lim  
x 0

180 x 0 1 4
  
(1  4 x) 
4x
 
=131 =  
180 60 4
e
= 4 = e8
33. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. e
 f(0) = lim f ( x) 37. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
x 0
 f(0) = lim f ( x)
k e5 x  e 2 x x 0
 = lim 2x
2 x 0 sin 3x  k = lim (sec 2 x)cot
x 0
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get 1
2x
k 5e5 x  2e 2 x  k = lim (1  tan 2 x) tan
= lim x 0
2 x 0 3cos3 x k=e
k 5e0  2e0 5  2 
 = = =1 38. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = ,
2 3cos 0 3 2
k=2 
 f   = lim f ( x)
 
2 
x
34. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0, 2
1
f(0) = lim f(x)
x 0 = lim (sin x)  2 x

x
e x  esin x 2
= lim
x 0 2  x  sin x 
1
= lim 1  (sin x  1)   2 x

x
1  e x sin x  1  2
= lim esin x    sin x 1 
2 x 0  x  sin x  lim 
x
   2 x 


= e 2

1  ex  1 
= × e0 × 1 ...   lim  1  
1 cos   x 
2  x 0 x  
1
lim 2 
2 x   
 x
1 = e
2 2 
=
2 = e0
=1
35. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,
39. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
f(0) = lim f(x)
x 0  f(0) = lim f(x)
x 0
= lim  x  1
cot x
log (1  kx)
x 0
 5 = lim
x cot x x 0 sin x
 1

= lim (1  x) x  log (1  kx)
x 0
  k
 5 = lim kx
 x 
lim  
x 0 sin x
 1
 x 0  tan x 
= lim (1  x) x  x
x 0
  1 k
1 5= k=5
=e =e 1
389
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
40. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 7. 12(log 4)3
 f(7) = lim f(x)  x
x 7
3  
log x  log 7  4x  1  p  p
 k = lim = lim   
x 7 x7 x 0
 x   x   1 2
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get  sin  log 1  3 x 
 p  
l x 2

1 3
k = lim x = 3
x 7 1 7
 12(log 4)3 = (log 4)3(1)  
3p
41. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.  1 
 f(0) = lim f ( x) p=4
x 0

log (1  2ax)  log (1  bx) 45. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 3.

 k = lim
x 0 x  lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )  f (3)
x  3 x  3
 log (1  2ax) log (1  bx) 
 k = lim   2a   b lim f ( x ) = f(3)
x 0  2ax  bx  x  3
 k = 2a + b  lim (2x2 + 3x + b) = 5
x 3
42. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
 f(0) = lim f(x)  2(3)2 + 3(3) + b = 5
x 0
 b =  22
(3sin x  1) 2 Also, lim f(x) = f(3)
 k = lim x 3
x 0 x log (1  x)
2 2  x2  9 
 3sin x  1   sin x   lim  a 5
  .  x 3  x  3


 sin x   x 
 k = lim  (3 + 3 + a) = 5
x 0 log (1  x)
x  a = 1
(log 3)  (1)
2 2
2
k= = (log 3)2 1 1
1 46. f   a
2 2
43. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. 1 7
 f(0) = lim f(x)  2 = a  a = ....(i)
x 0 4 4
log (sec 2 x) Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
= lim
x 0 x sin x  lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )
x  0 x  0

= lim
x 0
log (1  tan 2 x) tan 2 x
tan 2 x

x sin x  
 lim 2 x 2  1  b  lim ( x 2  a)
x  0 x  0

tan 2 x  2 0 1  b  0  a
log (1  tan x)2
x2
= lim  7
x 0 tan 2 x sin x 2+b= ....[From (i)]
4
x
1
1 2
b= 
=1 =1 4
1
44. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. 47. lim f(x) = lim f(4 – h)
x  4 h 0
 f(0) = lim f(x) 4h4
x 0
= lim +a
4  1 4h4
x 3 h 0

 12(log 4)3 = lim

x 0 x  2
  h 
sin log  1  x  = lim    a  = a – 1
p  3  h 0  h 
390
 Chapter 01: Continuity
lim f(x) = lim f(4 + h) | x|
x  4 h 0 51. As is discontinuous at x = 0.
x
4h4
= lim +b=b+1 |3x  4 |
h 0 4h4  is discontinuous at 3 x – 4 = 0.
3x  4
and f(4) = a + b 4
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 4.  x=
3
 lim f(x) = f(4) = lim f(x)
x 4 x 4
52. lim f(x) = lim |x| = lim (– x) = 0
x  0
a–1=a+b=b+1 x0 x0

 b = – 1 and a = 1 lim f(x) = lim x = 0

x  0 x0

sin (a  1) x  sin x lim f(x) = lim x = 1

x 1 x1
48. lim f ( x) = lim
x  0 x 0 x lim f(x) = lim 1 = 1
x 1 x1
 sin (a  1) x sin x 
= lim   (a  1) 
x  0  (a  1) x
 x  53. When x < 0, x =  x
=a+1+1 x
 lim f(x)= lim = lim (1) = 1
=a+2 x 0  x 0 x x 0
When x > 0, x = x
x  bx 2  x
lim f ( x) = lim x
x  0 x  0 b x  lim f(x) = lim = lim (1) = 1
x 0  x 0 x x 0

= lim
x  
1  bx  1  lim f(x)  lim f(x)
x 0  x 0
x  0 b x  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
1  bx  1 0
= lim = = 0, if b  0 sin x sin x
x 0  b b 54. lim = lim =1
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
x 0 x x 0 x
 lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f(0) sin x sin x
x  0 x  0
and lim = lim = 1
x 0 x x  0 x
a+2=0=c
 the given function is discontinuous at x = 0.
 a = 2, c = 0
 a = 2, b  0 and c = 0 55. lim f(x) = 1 + 1 = 2
x  0

49. lim f ( x)  lim e1/ h  0 lim f(x) = 0

x  0 h 0 x  0

lim f ( x)  lim e1/ h    f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

x  0 h 0

 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x) x
x  0 x  0
56. lim f ( x) = lim
x  0 x  2x
x 0
2

 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0. x
= lim 2
x 0 x  2 x
x 4  16
50. lim f ( x ) = lim 1
x2 x2 x2 =
2
( x – 2)( x + 2) ( x 2  4)
= lim x
x2 x–2 lim f ( x) = lim 2
x  0 x 0 x  2 x
= lim ( x + 2)( x  4) = 32 and f(2) = 16
2
x 2 x 1
= lim 2 =
 lim f ( x)  f  2  x 0 x  2 x 2
x2
 lim f ( x ) does not exist.
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 2. x0

391
 Chapter 05: Vectors

14. Let R (r) divide PQ externally in the ratio 2 : 1 1 1 1

2q  p 21. [a b c ] = 1 1 4
 r=
2 1 1 2 1
2(3iˆ  2ˆj  k)
ˆ  (2 ˆi  ˆj  4k)
ˆ = 1 (1 + 8) + 1(1 4) + 1(2 + 1)
= =5
1
= 4iˆ  5jˆ  2kˆ 3 2 2
 Co-ordinates of R are (4, 5, 2) 22. 
a. b  c = 6 4 2
3 2 4
15. Let P divide AB in the ratio  : l
= 3(16 4) + 2(24 + 6) + 2(12 12)
 17 11   2λ + 5 7λ + a kλ  1 
  , ,0    , ,  = –144
 4 4   λ +1 λ +1 λ +1 
17 2λ + 5 1 24. Since  a b c  =  b c a  =  c a b  =   b a c 
 = =
4 λ +1 3
25. [iˆ kˆ ˆj]  [kˆ ˆj ˆi]  [ ˆj kˆ ˆi] = [iˆ kˆ ˆj]  [iˆ kˆ ˆj]  [iˆ kˆ ˆj]
16. If A(a), B(b),C(c) are the vertices and G(g) is  [iˆ kˆ ˆj] = – 1
the centroid of ABC, then
27.  a  2b a  c b 
a bc  
g =
3 =  a a  c b  +  2b a  c b 
(2iˆ  3jˆ  4k)
ˆ  (miˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ  (3iˆ  2ˆj  2k)
ˆ
 3iˆ  2ˆj  nkˆ  =  a a b  +  a c b  +  2b a b  +  2b c b 
3
3(3 î + 2 ĵ + n k̂ ) = (5 + m) î + 6 ĵ + (–3) k̂ = 0   a b c  + 2 (0) + 2 (0)
On comparing, we get =   a b c 
9 = 5 + m  m = 4, and
3n = 3  n = 1 28. Let p = a  2b + 3c , q = 2a + mb  4c and

 x + x + x y + y + y z +z +z  r =  7b  c
17. G  1 2 3, 1 2 3, 1 2 3 Since the points are collinear.
 3 3 3 
 p q r  = 0
 2a  1 4  b 1   
 (2, 1, c)   , , 
 3 3 3 1 2 3
2a  1 4b 1  2 m 4 = 0
2= ,1= ,c=
3 3 3 0 7 10
5 1  1(10m – 28) + 2(20 – 0) + 3(– 14 – 0) = 0
 a = , b = 1, c =
2 3  10m – 30 = 0  m = 3
29. Let a  ˆi  2jˆ  3kˆ , b  ˆi  4ˆj  7kˆ , and
18. [ î k̂ ĵ] = î .( k̂  ĵ) = î .(– î ) = – 1.
c  3iˆ  2ˆj  5kˆ
19. 2iˆ  3jˆ  (5k)
ˆ  =  30 [ î ( ĵ  k̂ )]

Since the vectors are collinear,
1 2 3
=  30( î  î ) =  30(1)  4 7 =0

= 30
3 2 5
20. ( î + ĵ)  [( ĵ + k̂ ) × ( k̂ + î )]
  6 + 10  42  6 + 36 = 0
1 1 0 =3
= 0 1 1 30. We know that,
1 0 1 [a – b b – c c – a ] = 0
= 1 (1) – 1 ( – 1) = 2  Vectors a – b , b – c and c – a are coplanar
293
 Chapter 01: Continuity

5x  e x 5x  1  1  e x 
68. lim f ( x)  lim = lim  f   = lim f(x)
x 0 x 0 sin 2 x x 0 sin 2 x  4  x  4
5x  1 e x  1
  
= lim x x tan   x 
sin 2 x   4 
x 0
2  f   = lim
2x  4  x  cot 2 x
4
log 5  log e Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
=
2  
 sec 2   x 
1 
  4  = 1 = 1
=  log5  1 f   = lim
2  4  x   2cos ec 2 x
2
2 2
4
 lim f(x)  f(0)
x 0
72. Since, f(x) is continuous in [1, 1].
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.  it is continuous at x = 0.
69. Applying L'Hospital rule, we get  lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x  0 x  0
5cos x 1 5cos x .log 5   sin x  2x  1
lim = lim 1  px  1  px
   1  lim = lim
x
2 x x
2
x 0 x x  0 x2
2

  lim
1  px   1  px  =
1
 
cos
=5 2
.log 5sin x0
x 1  px  1  p x 2
2
= log 5 1
 p=
  2
and f   = 2 log 5
2
73. For all x  R, 1  sin x  1

 f(x) is discontinuous at x = .  f(x) is continuous for all real values of x.
2
74. Since, f(x) is continuous in [0, 8].
 
Here, lim f ( x ) exists but not equal to f   .  it is continuous at x = 2 and x = 4.
x
 2
2  lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )
x  2 x  2

 the discontinuity at x = is removable. 2
 lim (x + ax + 6) = lim (3x + 2)
2 x  2 x  2
2
 (2) + 2a + 6 = 3(2) + 2
2 1
x 2
 10 + 2a = 8
70. lim f ( x)  lim
x 0 x 0 tan x . log(1  x)  a = 1 ….(i)
Also, lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
2 1
x 2
x  4 x  4
1 1
= lim    lim (3x + 2) = lim (2ax + 5b)
x 0 x2 tan x log 1  x  x  4 x  4
x x  3(4) + 2 = 2a (4) + 5b
= (log 2)2  1 = (log 2)2  14 = 8a + 5b
and f(0) = log 4 22
b= ....[From (i)]
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0. 5
Here, lim f ( x ) exists but not equal to f(0).
x0 75. Since, f(x) is continuous in [2, 2].
 the discontinuity at x = 0 is removable.  it is continuous at x = 0 and x = 1.
 lim f(x) = lim f(x)
  x  0 x  0
71. Since, f(x) is continuous in  0,  .
 2  sin ax 
 lim   2  = lim (2 x  1)
 x 0 
 x  x  0
 f(x) is continuous at x = .
4 a2=0+1a=3
393
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Also, lim f(x) = lim f(x) For any x  1, 2, f(x) is the quotient of two
x 1 x 1
polynomials and a polynomial is everywhere
 lim (2x + 1) = lim 2b x 2  3  1
x 1  x 1
  continuous. Therefore, f(x) is continuous for
all x  1, 2.
 2(1) + 1 = 2b 1  3  1  f(x) is continuous on R  {1, 2}.
 3 = 4b  1 79. Since, f(x) is continuous in [0, ].
b=1  
 it is continuous at x = and x = .
 a+b=3+1=4 4 2
 lim f ( x) = lim f ( x)
76. Since, f(x) is continuous on its domain. 
x  


x  


 it is continuous at x = 2 and x = 9. 4 4

 lim f(x) = lim f(x)  lim ( x + a 2 sin x) = lim  (2 x cot x  b)


x  2 x  2  
x   x  
4 4
 lim (ax + b) = 7
x  2   1  
 a 2  = 2   (1)  b
 2a + b = 7 ….(i) 4  2 4
Also, lim f(x) = lim f(x)  
x 9 x  9  a= b
4 2
 lim (ax + b) = 21
x 9  
ab= ….(i)
 9a + b = 21 ….(ii) 4
Solving (i) and (ii), we get a = 2, b = 3 Also, lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
 
  
x   x  
2 2
    lim   2x cot x + b   lim  (a cos 2x – b sin x)
77. f(x) is continuous in   ,  except at x = 0.
 2 2 
x  

x  
2 2
   
For f(x) to be continuous in   ,  ,  2   (0) + b = a(1)  b(1)
 2 2 2
f(0) = lim f(x) b=ab
x 0

e x  e x  2  a + 2b = 0 ....(ii)
 f(0) = lim From (i) and (ii), we get
x 0 x sin x  
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get a= and b =
6 12
e x  e x
f(0) = lim 80. Since, f(x) is continuous in (, 6).
x  0 x cos x + sin x
 it is continuous at x = 1 and x = 3.
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get  lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )
x 1 x 1
e x  e x
f(0) = lim  x 
x  0 – x sin x  cos x  cos x  lim 1  sin  = lim (ax + b)
x 1  2  x 1
e0  e0 11 
= = =1  1  sin  a  b
0  2cos 0 2(1) 2
a+b=2 .....(i)
( x  1)( x  1)( x  2)( x  2)
78. f(x) = Also, lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
| x  1| | x  2 | x  3 x  3

x 
x 1  lim (ax + b) = lim  6 tan 
Since, lim does not exist. 
x 3  x 3  12 
x 1 | x  1|
3
x2  3a  b  6 tan
Also, lim does not exist 12
x 2 | x  2 |
 3a + b = 6 .....(ii)
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1, 2. From (i) and (ii), we get a = 2, b = 0
394
 Chapter 01: Continuity
6. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,
Competitive Thinking 1
f(0) = lim f(x) = lim (1  x) x = e
x 0 x 0
1. f (2) = k (2)2
= 4k 7. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = – 5.
lim f ( x) = lim 3 = 3  f(–5) = lim f(x)
x 5
x  2 x  2
x 2  3x  10
Since the function is continous at x = 2,  a = lim
x 5 x 2  2 x  15
lim f ( x) = f (2)
x  2 ( x  2) ( x  5)
 a = lim
 4k = 3 x  5 ( x  5)( x  3)

3
k = a lim x  2  7
4 x  5 x  3 8
2. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = a. 8. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 3.
 f(a) = lim f ( x)  f(3) = lim f(x)
x a x 3
x3  a 3 x2  9
 b = lim  2(3) + k = lim
x a xa x 3 x  3

 b = 3a 31  3a 2 ( x  3)( x  3)
3. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 2.  6 + k = lim
x 3 x3
 lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(2)  6 + k = lim ( x  3)
x  2 x  2 x 3
2
 lim (x – 1) = lim (2x – 1) = k 6+k=6k=0
x  2 x  2
9. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0,
3=3=k k=3
 lim f(x) = lim f(x)
4. lim f ( x)  lim (3 x  8) = 7 x  0 x  0
x  5 x 5
1 kx  1  kx 2 x 1
lim f ( x)  lim 2k = 2k  lim  lim
x  5 x 5 x 0 x x  0 x 1

Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 5. Applying L'Hospital rule on L.H.S, we get

 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x 5 x 5 k

 k 
7 2 1 kx 2 1  kx
 7 = 2k  k = lim  1
2 x 0 1
5. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0, k k
  = –1  k = –1
 f(0) = lim f (x) 2 2
x  0
10. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
 02 +  = lim 2 x 2 1   f(0) = lim f ( x)
x 0 x 0
 =2+ sin 2 x
 =–2  k = lim
5x
x 0

1 sin 2 x 2
Also, f   = 2  k = lim 
2 x 0 2x 5
2
1 2
   +=2 k=
2 5
1 7 11. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
 +=2  =  f(0) = lim f ( x )
4 4 x0
7 1 3sin x 3sin x 3
=–2= –2=–   2k = lim = lim =
4 4 x 0 5x x  0 5  x  5
2 2
7  1 50 25 3
 2 + 2 =       =   k=
4  4 16 8 10
395
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

10. a + b + c + d = (1 + ) d 15. 2a + b = 3c
Also, a + b + c + d = (1 + ) a  2a = 3c  b
 (1 + ) d = (1 + ) a 3c  b 3c  b
 a = =
if   –1, then 2 3 1
1    A divides BC in the ratio 3 :1 externally.
d = a
1   16. P( p ) is midpoint of BC
Now, a + b + c + d = (1 + ) a
bc
1    p =
 a + b + c +  a = (1 + ) a 2
1    2p = b + c ….(i)
 1   
 1     (1  )  a + b + c = 0 Q( q ) divides CA internally in the ratio 2:1
 1   
2a  c
This contradicts the fact that a , b , c are  q =
3
non-coplanar
=–1  3q = 2a + c ….(ii)
 a + b + c + d = 0 R( r ) divides AB externally in the ratio 1:2
11. The position vector of A is 6 b  2a and b  2a
r =
the position vector of P is a  b 1 2
2p  3q
Let the position vector of B be r = ….[From (i) and (ii)]
Since, P divides AB in the ratio 1 : 2 1

 ab
 
1 r  2 6 b  2a   r = – 2p + 3q
 points P, Q and R are collinear.
3
 3 a – 3 b – 12 b + 4 a = r
1 0 1
 r = 7 a – 15 b
17. [a b c ] = x 1 1 x
12. 2a + 3b – 5c = 0 y x 1 x  y
3b  2a
 5c = 2a + 3b c = Applying, C3  C 3 + C1
3 2
1 0 0
 point C divides segment AB internally in the
ratio 3:2. = x 1 1 = 1(1 + x – x) = 1
13. | OA | = 1  9  4 = 14 y x 1 x

| OB | = 9  1  4 = 14 18. Let A  (1,1, 2), B  (2, 1, p), C  (1, 0, 3) and

 OA = OB A D  (2, 2, 0).
C
Let C be any point on angle  AB = î + (p  2) k̂

bisector and on line AB 
O
AC =  ĵ + k̂ , and
 C is midpoint of AB B
AD = î + ĵ  2 k̂
ab
 c = = 2 î + 2 ĵ – 2 k̂ The points are coplanar.
2
 AB , AC and AD are coplanar
14. P( p ) divide AB internally in the ratio 3 : 1.
 AB AC AD  = 0
3b  a  
 p= 1 0 p 2
4
Q( q ) is midpoint of AP  0 1 1 =0
3b  a 1 1 2
a
ap 4 = 5a  3b  1(2  1) + (p  2)(1) = 0
 q = =
2 2 8 1+p2=0 p=1
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 Chapter 01: Continuity
22. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. Since the function is continuous at x = 1,
 f(0) = lim f(x)  lim f(x) = f (1)
x 0 x 1

 k = lim log(13x) (1 + 3 x)  e3 = (k – 1)3

x 0
e=k–1
log(1  3x)
 k = lim k=e+1
x 0 log(1  3x)
26. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,
log(1  3 x)
lim 3 f(0) = lim f(x)
k=
x 0 3x x 0
log(1  3 x) log e 1  x   log e 1  x 
lim  3 = lim
x 0 3 x x 0 x
 k = 1 Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
23. Since the function is continuous at x = 0, 1 1

lim f(0) = f(x) f(0) = lim 1  x 1  x
x 0
2x
x 0 1
 k = lim log (sec 2 x)cot  f(0) = 2
x 0

= lim cot 2 x log sec 2 x 27. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,

x 0
f(0) = lim f(x)
log (1  tan 2 x) x 0
= lim
x 0 tan 2 x log(1  ax)  log(1  bx)
 f(0) = lim
=1 x 0 x
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
24. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0
a b
 f(0) = lim f ( x) 
f(0) = lim 1  ax 1  bx
x 0
1 x 0 1
   x
 k = lim  tan   x    f(0) = a + b
x 0
 4 
1 28. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
 1  tan x  x  f(2) = lim f ( x )
= lim   x2
x  0 1  tan x
  x 2  (A  2) x  A
tan x  2 = lim
 1
 x
x 2 x2
 1  tan x  tan x
 x( x  2)  A( x  1)
= lim
   2 = lim ,
x 0  tan x x 2 x2
 1
 x
which is true if A = 0
1  tan x 
 tan x

 
1
e1 29. If x  0, then the value of sin passes
= 1 = e2 x
e through [–1,1] infinitely many ways, therefore
limit of the function does not exist at x = 0.
lim  log 2 2x 
log x 8
25.
x 1 Hence, there is no value of k for which the
log x 23 function is continuous at x = 0.
= lim  log 2 2  log 2 x 
x 1
1 1
30. lim f ( x)  lim x sin , but 1  sin  1 and
= lim 1  log 2 x 
3 log x 2

x 1
x 0 x 0 x x
3
x0
log 2 x  lim f ( x) = 0
= lim 1  log 2 x  x 0
x 1
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
3
lim log 2 x 
x 1 log 2 x  f(0) = lim f(x)
=e x 0

= e3 k=0
397
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
31. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 1. Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
 f(1) = lim f(x)  2 cos x 1
x 1 k = lim k=
x
 4 4
 2 = lim (ax2 – b) 4
x1

2=a–b 35. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = .
4
The values of a and b in options (A), (B) and
(C) satisfies this relation. 
 f   = lim f ( x )
 option (D) is the correct answer.  4  x  4
32. f(x) = sin x tan x  cot x
 f(0) = sin 0 = 0  a = lim
 
lim x2 + a2 = 02 + a2 = a2
x
4 x
x  0 4
Since the function is continuous at x = 0, Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
lim f ( x) = f (0) sec 2 x  cosec 2 x
x  0 a = lim
 0 = a2 x
 1
4

a=0
 2 +  2
2 2
a= =4
lim x2 + a2 = 12 + a2
x 1

=1 36. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,

f (x) = bx + 2 lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f(0)
x  0 x  0
 f (1) = b + 2
Now, lim f(x) = f (1)  f(0) = lim f(x)
x  0
x 1

1=b+2 
cos [0  h]
 b = –1  k = lim f(0 – h) = lim 2
a + b + ab = 0 – 1 + 0 (–1) = –1 h 0 h 0 [0  h]
 
33. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = . cos [  h]
2  k = lim 2
h 0 [  h]

 f   = lim f(x)
 2  x  2  
cos   
1  sin x  k = lim  2
  = lim h 0 1
x   2x
2
 k=0
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
37. If f(x) is continuous from right at x = 2, then
 cos x
 = lim f(2) = lim f(x)
x
 2 x  2
2

  k = lim f(2 + h)
cos h 0
cos x 2 =0
  = lim = 1
x
 2 2  1

2  k = lim (2  h) 2  e 2  (2  h ) 
h 0
 

34. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = , 1
4  1

 k = lim  4  h  4h  e h 
2
 h 0
 
 f    lim f ( x)
 4  x  4
 k =  4  0  0  e  
1

1  2 sin x
k = lim 1
x
   4x k=
4 4
398
 Chapter 01: Continuity
38. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. k 1
 
 f(0) = lim f(x) 16 32
x 0
1
log e (1  x 2 tan x) k=
= lim 2
x 0 sin x3
1
log3  
….  a  x
log x
 log e (1  x 2 tan x) x 2 tan x  k= 3 2 a

lim
= x 0    

 x 2 tan x sin x3 
41. lim f(x) = lim f(2 – h)
 log e (1  x 2 tan x) x3 tan x  x  2 h 0
= lim     2h2
x 0
 x 2 tan x sin x3 x  = lim +a
h 0 2h2
 f(0) = 1
 h 
= lim    a  = a – 1
39. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. h 0  h 
 f(0) = lim f ( x ) lim f(x) = lim f(2 + h)
x0 x2 h 0

1 2  2h2
= lim   2 x  = lim +b=b+1

x 0 x e 1 h 0 2h2
e2 x  1  2 x and f(2) = a + b
= lim Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 2,
x  0 x (e 2 x  1)

 lim f(x) = f(2) = lim f(x)

Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get x2 x2

2e  2
2x a–1=a+b=b+1
f(0) = lim  b = – 1 and a = 1
x 0 x  2e   1 e2 x  1
2x

Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get 42. Given, f(x) = |x| + |x  1|

4e 2 x   x  ( x  1), if x  0
f(0) = lim 
x 0 2 x  2e 2 x   e 2 x  2   2e 2 x  f(x) =  x  ( x  1), if 0  x  1
 x  ( x  1), if x  1

4
 f(0) = =1 2 x  1 , if x  0
22 
 f(x) =  1 , if 0  x  1
40. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.  2 x  1 , if x  1

 f(0) = lim f ( x)
x 0 lim f ( x)  lim (2 x  1)  1
x  0 x 0

 k   10  20  3  6  10 x x x x
   log    log 2 = lim lim f ( x)  lim 1  1
 16   3  x 0 1  cos8 x x  0 x 0

= lim
10 x
 3x  2 x  1 f(0) = 1
x 0 2sin 2 4 x  lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)  f (0)
 
x 0 x 0

 10 x  1 3x  1   2 x  1   f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
   . 
 x x  x  lim f ( x)  lim 1  1
= lim  x 1
x 0 sin 2 4 x x 1
2  16
16 x 2 lim f ( x)  lim (2 x  1)  1
x 1 x 1
(log10  log 3)(log 2)
= f (1) = 2(1)  1 = 1
32
 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)  f (1)
 k   10  1  10  x 1 x 1
   log   .log 2 = log   log 2
   
16 3 32  3  f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
399
 Chapter 05: Vectors

4. Here AB = b – a and 13. A  (1, 1, 2), B  (2, 3, 1)

Point P divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 3.
AC = 2 a – 2 b = – 2 ( b – a )
 2(2)  3(1) 2(3)  3(1) 2(1)  3(2) 
 AC = m AB  P , , 
 23 23 23 
Hence A, B, C are collinear.
7 3 4
 , , 
5. Since, a  3b is collinear with c , and b  2c 5 5 5
is collinear with a , 1
 the position vector of P is (7iˆ  3jˆ  4k)
ˆ
 a  3b  x c and b  2c  y a  x, y  R. 5
 a  3b  6c  ( x  6) c 14. C(x1, y1, z1) D(x2, y2, z2)
Also, a  3b  6c = a  3(b  2c) = (1  3 y )a A(2, 1, 4) B(1, 3, 6)

 ( x  6) c = (1  3 y )a C divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2 and

D divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 1.
 ( x  6) c  (1  3 y )a = 0
1(6)  2(4) 2(6)  1(4)
 x + 6 = 0 and 1 + 3y = 0  z1 + z2 = 
1 2 2 1
1 14 16 30
 x = 6 and y =  =  =
3 3 3 3
Now, a  3b  x c  a  3b  6c  0 = 10

6. Let a = 3 î +2 ĵ – k̂ and b = 6 î  4x ĵ + y k̂ 15. Let position vector of B be r

Since, a divides AB in the ratio 2 : 3
Since, a and b are parallel,
2r  3(a  2b)
3 2 1  = a
= = 2 3
6 4 x y
 2r = 5a – 3a – 6b = 2a – 6b
 x = – 1 and y = – 2
 r = a – 3b
7. The given vectors are collinear.
16. We know that, centroid of a triangle divides
3 1 5
 = = the line segment joining the orthocentre and
a b 15 circumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1.
 a = 9, b = 3 The co-ordinates of orthocentre and
circumcentre are (–1, 3, 2), (5, 3, 2)
8. x = 0, y = 0, otherwise one vector will be a
respectively.
scalar multiple of the other and hence
collinear which is a contradiction.  Co-ordinates of centroid
 2  5   1 1 2  3  1 3 2  2   1 2  
 , , 
11. c  ma  nb 2 1 2 1 2 1 

 3iˆ  kˆ  m(iˆ  ˆj  2k)
ˆ  n(2iˆ  ˆj  k)
ˆ
 (3, 3, 2)
Comparing the co-efficients of î and ˆj , we get 17. Let the co-ordinates of circumcentre be (x, y, z).
3 = m + 2n, and ….(i) Co-ordinates of orthocentre and centroid are
m=n ….(ii) (–3, 5, 2) and (3, 3, 4) respectively.
 Solving the above two equations, we get We know that, centroid of triangle divides the
m=n=1 line segment joining its orthocentre and
circumcentre in the ratio 2 : 1.
 m+n=1+1=2
 2 x  3 2 y  5 2z  2 
  , ,   (3, 3, 4)
12. Let P(p) divide the line internally in the ratio  3 3 3 
2:3 2x  3 2y  5 2z  2
 = 3, = 3, =4
3(2a  3b) + 2(3a  2b) 12a  13b 3 3 3
 p= =
2+3 5  x = 6, y = 2, z = 5
299
 Chapter 01: Continuity
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get Also, lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
 
  sec x 2 x x
2 2
f   = lim
 4  x 4
 4  lim   sin x     lim  cos x 
 
x x
   2 1
2 2
 f = =  (1) +  = 0
4 4 2
+=0 ....(ii)
55. Since, f(x) is continuous at each point of its
From (i) and (ii), we get
domain.
 = 1,  = 1
 it is continuous at x = 0.
 f(0) = lim f(x) 
x 0 59. For f(x) to be continuous at x = ,
2
 2 x  sin 1 x 
= lim     
x  0 2 x  tan 1 x lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f 
  
x
 
x
 
 2 
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get 2 2

 1    
2   lim A sin x + B = – 2 sin  
 1  x2  x

 2 
f(0) = lim 2
x 0  1 
2    –A+B=2
 1  x2 
 A – B = –2 …(i)
2 1 1 
  For f(x) to be continuous at x = ,
2 1 3 2
56. The given function is defined only in the 
interval [1,). For x > 2, y = 3x  2 which is a lim f(x) = lim f(x) = f  
x
 
x
 
2
straight line, hence continuous. Also, the 2 2

given function is continuous at x = 2. 

 lim A sin x + B = cos
 option (C) is the correct answer. x
 2
2
57. lim f ( x) = 0, lim f ( x ) = 0 and  A+B=0 …(ii)
x 1 x 1

f(1) = 0 On solving (i) and (ii), we get

 lim f ( x) = lim f ( x ) = f(1) A = –1 , B = 1
x 1 x 1

 f(x) is continuous at x = 1. 60. Since, f(x) is continuous for all x in R.

lim f ( x) = 0 and lim f ( x) = 1  f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
x  2 x  2

 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )  f(0) = lim f ( x)

x  2 x  2 x  0

 f(x) is not continuous at x = 2. sin(p  1) x  sin x

 q = lim
58. Since, f(x) is continuous over [ , ]. x 0 x
 
 it is continuous at x =  and x = .  sin(p  1) x sin x 
2 2  q = lim  (p  1)  
x 0
 (p  1) x x 
 lim f(x) = lim f(x)
 
x
2
x
2  q = (p + 1) + 1
 lim  2sin x  = lim   sin x +   q=p+2
 
x x
2 2
The values of p and q in option (C) satisfies
 2 (1) = (1) + 
  +  = 2 ....(i) this condition.
401
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
61. Since, f is continuous at every point in R. Replacing n by n  1, we get

 f is continuous at x = 2n. an1  bn = 1

 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x) = f(2n) So, options (A) and (D) are correct.
x  2n   x  2n 

Hence, option (B) does not hold.

 lim  (bn + cos x) = lim  (an + sin x)
x  2n  x  2n 

63. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,

 bn + cos 2n = an + sin 2n
1 1
 bn + 1 = an  an  bn = 1 1  x  2  1  x  3
f(0) = lim f ( x ) = lim
x0 x0 x
So, option (C) is correct.
 1 1 2   1 1 2 
Also, f is continuous at x = 2n + 1. 1  x  x + ....  1  x  x + ....
2 8 3 9
= lim    
lim f ( x)  lim f ( x) = f(2n + 1) x 0 x
x (2n 1) x (2n 1)

1 1 1 1 2
 lim (an + sin x) = lim (bn+1 + cos x)    x +    x + ....
= lim 
x (2n 1) 
x (2n 1)
2 3 9 8
x 0 x
 an + sin(2n + 1) = bn+1 + cos(2n + 1)
 1 1   1 1  
....[ f(x) = bn+1 + cos  x, x  (2n + 1, 2n + 2)] = lim    +    x + ....
x 0  2
 3 9 8 

 an = bn+1 1 1
 f(0) =
6
 an  bn+1 = 1

Evaluation Test

1  cos(1  cos x) 2. f is continuous at x = 0.

1. f(0) = lim  log(1  x 2 )  log(1  x 2 ) 
x 0 x4  f (0) = lim  
x 0
 sec x  cos x 
 2  x 
 2sin  2    
  
2sin 2  2 
log(1  x )  log(1  x ) 
2
 2  = lim 
  x 0  1  cos 2 x  
= lim   cos x  
x 0 x 4
   
2  cos x  log 1  x 2   log 1  x 2   
  x    x   
2sin 2 sin 2    sin 2    = lim 
x 0  sin 2 x 
  2    2   
= lim 2
x 0
  x    log 1  x  log 1  x   
2 2
x 4 sin 2     cos x 
 2   
   x2  x2  
= lim  
 x
sin 4  
x 0
  sin 2 x  
2  1  1  2 
= 2lim  x 
4 3
x 0
 x 4 2 8
  2 1  1 
2 = (cos 0)  2  = 2
1 

402
 Chapter 01: Continuity
3. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0, we must
 x  . (1)3x
3
(1)3
have f (0)  lim f ( x ) =
(1)  x  (1)5 x .x
2
x 0 2

a 2  ax  x 2  a 2  ax  x 2 3
= lim =
x 0
ax ax 5

a 2  ax  x 2  a 2  ax  x 2 6. For f to be continuous at x = 2,
= lim 1
x 0 ax ax f(2) = lim  x  1  2  x 
x 0
1
ax ax a  ax  x  a  ax  x = lim 1  ( x     x -2 = e1
2 2 2 2
  x 0
ax ax a 2  ax  x 2  a 2  ax  x 2
7. Given function is continuous at (– , 6).
= lim 
 a 2  ax  x 2    a 2  ax  x 2    a  x  a  x   at x = 1 and x = 3, function is continuous.
 
x 0  2 2 2 2
 a  x    a  x    a  ax  x  a  ax  x 
If the function f(x) is continuous at x = 1, then
lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )
x 1 x 1

= lim
2ax  ax ax   1 + sin

=a+b
x 0
2x  a  ax  x  a  ax  x
2 2 2 2
  a+b=2
2
.....(i)

 
If the function is continuous at x = 3, then
a a a
= lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )
x  3 x  3
a2  a2
3
 3a + b = 6 tan
 f(0) =  a 12
 3a + b = 6 .....(ii)
5 .2  7  7 .2  5
x x x x x x From (i) and (ii), a = 2, b = 0
4. lim
x 0 x 8. Since, x and | x | are continuous for all x.
2sin 2
2  x + | x | is continuous for x  (– , ).
5x (2 x 1)  7 x (2 x 1) 9. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have
= lim lim f(x) = f(0) = lim f(x)
x 0 x
2sin 2 x  0 x  0
2
lim f(x) = lim e tan 2 x / tan 3 x
x  0 x 0
1  2 1   5 1 7 1 
x
1 x x
= lim     2
 tan 2 x

  tan 3 x
2 x 

3 x 
x 0 2  x  x x  sin x / 2 1 = lim e  2x   3x 

x2 / 4 4 x  0
2
 5  e3
= 2(log 2)  log 
 7  f(0) = lim f(x)
 x 0

It is discontinuous at x = 0 and it is removable. 2

 b  e3
sin 3 x log 1  3 x  lim f(x) = lim (1 | sin x |) a / | sin x |
 
5. a = lim x 0 x0

  
2
x0
tan 1 x e5 x
1 x 
lim  | sin x | 
a 

 e x 0  | sin x | 
 ea
 x   log(13x 3x)  3x
3
sin x 3
f(0) = lim f(x)

 x
3  x 0

= lim 2

 tan x   x  b = e  e = ea
x 0 2 a 3
1
e5 x  1
 
2
 5 x  x 2
 x a=
2
5 x
3
403
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

40. Let a  2iˆ  ˆj  k,

ˆ b  ˆi  ˆj  k,
ˆ c  ˆj  kˆ and 1 5 4
d  ˆj  kˆ  1 1 1 = 0
Since the given points are coplanar. k  2 9 7
  AB AC AD  = 0  2 + 5 (7 + k – 2) + 4 (– 9 – k + 2) = 0
 
3 0 0  2 + 25 + 5k – 28 – 4k = 0
 1 + k = 0
 2 0 2 = 0
k=1
2  1 0
 3(2  2) + 0 + 0 = 0 44. Since, aiˆ  ˆj  kˆ , ˆi  bjˆ  kˆ and ˆi  ˆj  ckˆ
 6  6 = 0 are coplanar,
=1 a 1 1
41. Since a = i + j + k , b = i  j + 2k and  1 b 1 =0
1 1 c
c = x i + (x – 2) j – k are coplanar vectors
 a b c  = 0  a (bc – 1) – 1 (c – 1) + 1 (1 – b) = 0
   abc – a – b – c + 2 = 0
1 1 1
 abc – (a + b + c) = – 2
 1 1 2 =0
x x  2 1 45. Let a, b and c be the given vectors.
 1 [1 – 2(x – 2)] –1 (–1 – 2x) + 1(x – 2 + x) = 0 The vectors are coplanar
 1 – 2 x + 4 + 1 + 2 x + 2x – 2 = 0  2 1 1
 2x = 4  1  2
1 0
 x = 2 1 1  2
42. Let a  3i  2ˆj  kˆ , b  2i  3j  4k ,  – 2(4 – 1) – 1(– 2 – 1) + 1( 1 + 2) = 0
c =  i  j  2k and d = 4i  5j  λk  6  32  2 = 0
Since, the given points are coplanar,  (1 + 2)2 (2  2) = 0
  AB AC AD  = 0 = 2
 
1 5 3 46. The given vectors are coplanar
 4 3 3 = 0 3 0 1
1 7 λ +1  1  3
0 0
 –1(3 + 3 – 21) – 5(–4 – 4 – 3) 1 2  sin  
–3(–28 – 3) = 0
 3(4 – 0) + 1(2 – sin  + 3) = 0
 –3 + 18 + 20 + 35 + 93 = 0
 7 + 3 + 2 = sin  ….(i)
 17  = –146
146 This is true for  = 0.
= For non-zero values of , equation (i) is
17
sin 
6 +2 + 2 = ....(ii)
43. Let s  2a  3b  c , t  a  2b  3c , 
u  3a  4b  2c , v  ka  6b  6c sin x
We know that < 1 for all x  0.
 ST   a  5b  4c , SU  a  b  c x
SV   k  2  a  9b  7c  L.H.S. of (ii) is greater than 2 and R.H.S. is
less than 1.
Since, the given points are coplanar,
So, (ii) is not true for any non-zero .
 ST SU SV  = 0
  Hence, there is only one value of .
302
 Textbook
Chapter No.

02 Differentiation
Hints

f ( x)  f (1)
4. f (1) = lim
Classical Thinking x 1 x 1
px  1  p  1
2
p( x 2  1)
f (2  h)  f (2) = lim = lim
1. f (2) = lim x1 x 1 x1 x 1

h 0 h
= p lim (x + 1)
(2  h  1)  3 x1
= lim
h 0 h = 2p
h f ( x)  f (1) x+ p  p  1
= lim  1 f (1+) = lim = lim
h 0 h x 1 x 1 x1 x 1
f (2  h)  f (2) x 1
f (2+) = lim = lim
h 0
 h x1 x 1
2(2  h)  1  3 =1
= lim
h 0 h Since, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
2h 1
= lim 2  2p = 1  p =
h 0 h 2
 f (2) ≠ f (2+)
5. lim f ( x)  lim x  1
 f (2) does not exist. x 1 x 1

lim f ( x)  lim(2 x  1)  1
 f (3  h)  f (3) x 1 x 1
2. f (3 )  lim

h 0 h f(1) = 1
(3  h  2)  5 h  f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
 lim  lim  1
h 0 h h  0 h f (1  h)  f (1) 1  h 1
f (1) = lim = lim
f (3  h)  f (3) h  0 h h 0 h
f (3+)  lim
h  0 h h
= lim = 1
8  (3  h)  5 h h 0 h
 lim  lim  1
h 0 h h 0 h f (1  h)  f (1)
f (1+) = lim
 f (3) ≠ f (3+) h 0  h
 f (3) does not exist. 2(1  h)  1  1
= lim
h 0 h
f  0  h   f  0 h 0
3. f (0+) = lim = lim 2h
h 0
 h h 0
 h = lim =2
h 0 h
h
= lim =1  f (1) ≠ f(1+)
h 0 h
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.
f  0  h   f  0 h 0
f (0) = lim = lim
h 0
 h h 0
 h 6. lim f ( x)  lim( x  1)  3
x  2 x 2
h
= lim =1 lim f ( x)  lim(5  x)  3
h0 h x  2 x 2

 f  (0+)  f  (0) f(2) = 1 + 2 = 3

 f  (0) does not exist.  f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
405
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
f (2  h)  f (2) d 1 d
f (2) = lim 12. [log(log x)] = . (log x)
h  0 h dx log x dx
1  (2  h)  3 1 1
= lim = . = (x log x)1
h 0 h log x x
h
= lim = 1 log e | x |
h 0 h
13. y = log10 | x | =
f (2  h)  f (2) log e 10
f (2+) = lim
 h dy 1 1 | x| 1
h 0
 = . . =
5  (2  h)  3 dx log e 10 | x | x x log e 10
= lim
h 0 h 14. y = f (ax2 + b)
h dy d
= lim = 1  = f  (ax2 + b). (ax 2  b) = 2ax f (ax2 + b)
h 0 h
dx dx
 f (2) ≠ f (2+)
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2. 15. y = (4x3  5x2 + 1)4
dy d
7. f (0) = 0  = 4(4x3  5x2 + 1)3 (4x3  5x2 + 1)
dx dx
1
lim f ( x)  lim x sin = 0 = 4(4x3  5x2 + 1)3 (12x2  10x)
x 0 x 0 x
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0. d 2 d
x  cos x   4( x 2  cos x)3 . ( x 2  cos x)
4
16.
f ( x)  f (0) dx dx
f (0) = lim
x 0  x0  4( x  cos x) (2 x  sin x)
2 3

f (0  h)  f (0)
= lim dy dy du
h 0 0h 0 17. = .
dx du dx
 1 
 h sin  0 2 1
  h  = 
= lim (u  1) 2 x
2
h 0 h
1 1
1 = 
  lim sin  
 
2
h 0 h x 1 x
= (a number which oscillates between 1
 1 and 1) =
 
2
 f(0) does not exist. x 1 x
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
18. y = log  tan x 
d d
8. [sin (2x + 3)] = cos(2x + 3). (2x + 3) dy 1 d
dx dx   .  tan x 
dx tan x dx
= 2 cos (2x + 3)
1 1
x = . sec2 x .
dy d
9. y= e x = e x.  x   dy = e tan x 2 x
dx dx dx 2 x sec 2 x
=
d x3 3 d 3 2 x tan x
10. (e ) = e x . ( x3 ) = 3x 2 .e x
dx dx
19. y = log(sec x + tan x)
4
11. Let y = (log x) dy 1 d
 =   sec x  tan x 
dy d dx sec x + tan x dx
 = 4(log x)3 (log x)
dx dx sec x tan x  sec 2 x
3 =
4(log x ) sec x  tan x
=
x = sec x
406
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

79. Since, c is coplanar with a and b c = 3xˆj + 3 xkˆ = 3x( ĵ+ k̂ )

 c = xa + yb Now, | c | = 1
 c = x (2 ˆi  ˆj  k)
ˆ  y (iˆ  2ˆj  k)
ˆ  9x2 + 9x2 = 1
 c = (2x + y) î + (x + 2y) ĵ + (x  y) k̂ 1
x= 
3 2
Also, a . c = 0 ....  c  a 
1 ˆ ˆ
 2(2x + y) + x + 2y + x  y = 0  c (  j  k)
2
 y = 2x
Evaluation Test

1. Since, a  b and b  c are collinear with c 4. aˆ  aˆ 1, bˆ  bˆ 1, cˆ  cˆ  1,

and a respectively 1
aˆ  bˆ  bˆ  cˆ  cˆ  aˆ 
 a  b  tc …(i) 2
b  c  sa …(ii) aˆ  aˆ aˆ  bˆ aˆ  cˆ
2
From (i) and (ii), we get   a b c   bˆ  aˆ bˆ  bˆ bˆ  cˆ
 
a  c  tc  sa  a(1  s)  c(1  t) cˆ  aˆ cˆ  bˆ cˆ  cˆ
But a and c are non-collinear 1 1
1
 1 + s = 0, 1 + t = 0  s = 1, t = 1 2 2
Substituting value of t in (i) and value of s in 1 1 1
(ii), we get  1 
2 2 2
a  b  c and b  c  a 1 1
1
Hence, a  b  c  0 . 2 2
1
2. Given, r  1 r 1   2 r 2   3 r 3  a b c   cubic units
  2
 2a  3b  4c  (1   2   3 )a
a 1 1
 ( 1   2   3 )b  (1   2   3 ) c
5. Since, 1 b 1  0
 1   2   3  2, 1   2   3 = 3,
1 1 c
1   2   3  4
Applying R2  R2  R1 and R3  R3  R1,
7 1
 1  , 2 = 1, 3 =  we get
2 2
a 1 1
 1 + 3 = 3
1 a b 1 0  0
3. Since, the given vectors are coplanar 1 a 0 c 1
a a c
 a(b  1)(c  1)  (1  a)(c  1)  (1  a)(b  1)  0
 1 0 1 =0
Dividing by (1  a)(1  b)(1  c), we get
c c b
a 1 1
Applying C2  C2 – C1,   0 ….(i)
1 a 1 b 1 c
a 0 c 1 1 1
1 1 1 = 0 Consider,  
1 a 1 b 1 c
c 0 b 1 a
=  ….[From (i)]
 a (–b) + c (c) = 0  c2 = ab 1 a 1 a
Hence, c is the geometric mean of a and b. =1
306
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
31. y = x log x 36. y = cos (x + y)
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy  dy 
 = sin (x + y) .  1  
log y = log x log x dx  dx 
= (log x)2 dy
 [1 + sin (x + y)] =  sin (x + y)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get dx
1 dy 1 dy  sin( x  y )
 = 2 log x .  
y dx x dx 1  sin( x  y )
dy 2 y 37. sin2 x + 2 cos y + xy = 0
 = log x Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx x
dy dy
dy x log x 2 sin x cos x – 2 sin y +y+x =0
 =2 . log x = 2xlog x  1 . log x dx dx
dx x
dy
 ( x  2sin y ) =  y  sin 2x
32. y = x2 + x log x dx
dy d log x dy y  sin 2 x
 = 2x + (x )  =
dx dx dx 2sin y  x
dy 2 38. ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
 = 2x + log x (xlog x) Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx x
 dy  dy dy
2 2 2 2ax + 2h  y  x  + 2by + 2g + 2f =0
 dx  dx dx
33. x3  y3  a3
dy
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  (2hx + 2by + 2f) = – (2ax + 2hy + 2g)
dx
2 23 1 2 23 1 dy dy ax  hy  g
x  y  0  =–
3 3 dx dx hx  by  f
2 31 2 31 dy
 x  y  0 39. x + y =1
3 3 dx
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
1 1 1
dy dy y
y3   x 3 dy  y 3 =–
 dx    
dx x dx x
 dy 
34. x3 + y3 – 3 axy = 0    1 1  = – 1
 dx  , 
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 4 4

dy  dy  40. x = a cos  and y = b sin 

3x2 + 3y2. – 3a  x  y = 0
dx  dx  dx dy
 =  a sin  and = b cos 
dy d d
 3(x2 – ay) + 3 (y2 – ax) = 0 dy
dx
dy d b cos   b 
dy ay  x 2  = = =    cot 
 = dx dx a sin   a 
dx y 2  ax d
35. x3 + 8xy + y3 = 64 41. Let y = 5x and z = log5 x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get dy dz 1
 = 5x log 5 and =
dx dx x log 5
 dy  dy
3x2 + 8  y  x  + 3y2 =0
 dx  dx dy
dy dx 5 x log 5
dy 3x 2  8 y   = = x.5x (log 5)2
 =– dz dz 1
dx 8x  3 y2 dx x log 5

408
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
1 48. y = log(ax + b)
42. x= and y = 1 + t2
1  t2 dy 1
  a
dx 2t dy dx ax  b
 = and = 2t
dt (1  t )2 2
dt d2 y a 2
 
dy dx 2 (ax  b) 2
dy dt 2t
 = = = (1  t2)2 49. y = log(sin x)
dx dx 2t
dy 1
dt (1  t 2 ) 2    cos x = cot x
dx sin x
43. Let y = sin x2 and z = x2 d2 y
dy  = – cosec2 x
 = cos x2.(2x) = 2x cos x2 dx 2
dx
dz 50. xy = 1
and = 2x
dx  xy = 1
dy 1
dy y=
  dx = cos x2 x
dz dz
dy 1
dx  =
3
dx x 2
44. Let y  e x and z = log x
d2 y 2
dy 3 3 dz 1  2
= 3
  e x .3x 2  3x 2 e x and  dx x
dx dx x
dy 51. y = sin mx ….(i)
dy dx 3 x 2 e x
3
dy
    3 x3e x
3
 = m cos mx
dz dz 1 dx
dx   d2 y
x  = m2sin mx
sin 1 x
dx 2
45. Let y = a and z = sin1 x d2 y
 y=a z  + m2y = 0 ….[From (i)]
dx 2
dy 1
 = az log a = a sin x log a 52. y = 2 sin x + 3 cos x
dz
46. x = a sec2  and y = b tan 
2 dy
 = 2 cos x  3 sin x
dx dx
 = 2a sec2  . tan 
d d2 y
 = 2 sin x  3 cos x
dy dx 2
and = 2b tan  . sec2 
d d2 y
dy  y+ = 2 sin x + 3 cos x 2 sin x  3 cos x
dx 2
dy b
 = d = d2 y
dx dx a y+ =0
dx 2
d
2
47. x = a (sin  + cosec ) …(i) 53. x = a cos nt  b sin nt ….(i)
2
y = a (sin   cosec ) …(ii) dx
 = – na sin nt – nb cos nt
Squaring (i) and (ii) and subtracting, we get dt
x2  y2 = 4a4 d2 x
 = – n2 a cos nt + n2 b sin nt
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get dt 2
dy dy x = – n2 (a cos nt – b sin nt)
2x  2y =0  
dx dx y = – n2 x …[From (i)]
409
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
54. y = a sin (mx) + b cos (mx) ….(i) f ( x)  f (1)
3. f (1) = lim
dy x 1 x 1
 = am cos (mx)  bm sin (mx)
dx 2 x  3x  4  9
2
= lim
d2 y x 1 x 1
 2
=  am2 sin (mx)  bm2 cos (mx) ( x  1)(2 x  5)
dx = lim
x 1 x 1
=  m2 [a sin (mx) + b cos (mx)] = lim (2x + 5)

=  m2y ….[From (i)] x 1

=7
55. y = a + bx2 f ( x )  f (1)
f (1+) = lim
dy x 1 x 1
 = 2bx ….(i) kx  9  k  9
dx = lim
x 1 x 1
d2 y
 = 2b k( x  1)
dx 2 = lim
x 1 x 1
d2 y dy =k
x = 2bx = ….[From (i)]
dx 2
dx Since, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
 k=7
56. f(x) = beax + aebx x
 f ( x) = abeax + abebx 4. f (x) =
1 x
 f ( x) = a2beax + ab2ebx  x
 , x0
f (0) = a b + ab = ab(a + b) f (x) = 1  x
2 2
 
 x , x0
1  x
Critical Thinking
 x
 (1  x) 2 , x  0
  ( x  3), x  3 
1. f ( x)    f (x) = 
( x  3), x  3  x , x0

f (3 ) = 1 and f  (3+) = 1  (1  x) 2
 f  (3)  f  (3+)  f(x) is differentiable at (, ).
 f  (3) does not exist. 5. Applying L'Hospital rule, we get
2. lim f ( x )  lim f (2  h)  lim | 2  h  2 | 0 2 x 2  4f ( x) 4 x  4f "( x )
x  2 h 0 h 0 lim = lim
x 2 x2 x2 1
lim f ( x )  lim f (2  h)  lim | 2  h  2 | 0
x  2 h 0 h 0 = 8 – 4f (2) = 8 – 4(1) = 4
 f (2) = 0 6. Since, f (a) exists.
 f (x) is continuous at x = 2. f ( x )  f (a)
f (2  h)  f (2)  lim = f (a) ....(i)
f (2) = lim
xa xa
h  0 h xf (a)  af ( x )
Now, lim
(2  h  2)  0 xa xa
= lim
h 0 h ( x  a) f (a)  a(f ( x)  f (a))
= lim
= 1 xa xa
f (2  h)  f (2) f ( x )  f (a) 
f (2+) = lim = lim f (a)  a lim  
h 0  h xa xa
 xa 
2h 20 = f(a)  af (a) ....[From (i)]
= lim =1
h 0 h 7. If a function f(x) is continuous at x = a, then it
 f (2) ≠ f  (2+) may or may not be differentiable at x = a.
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 2.  Option (B) is not true.
410
 Textbook
Chapter No.

06 Three Dimensional Geometry

Hints

Classical Thinking 10. cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1

 cos2 + cos2(90  ) + cos2  = 1
1. For every point (x, y, z) on X-axis y = 0, z = 0 ….[  +  = 90]
2. Let the direction cosines of the line be l, m, n  cos2  + sin2  + cos2  = 1
 l = cos 45º, m = cos 60º, n = cos 60º  cos2  +1 = 1
1 1 1  cos2  = 0
 l= ,m= and n =
2 2 2   = 90
1 1 1 11. Let l, m, n be the d.c.s of the line.
 d.c.s are , , .
2 2 2  l = cos ; m = cos 60; n = cos 45
Since, cos2  + cos2 60 + cos2 45 = 1
3. Let the d.c.s of the line be l, m, n
1 1 1
 l = cos 90, m = cos 60, n = cos 30  cos2 = 1   =
2 4 4
1 3
 l = 0, m = , n = 1
2 2  cos  = 
2
1 3
 d.c.s are 0, , 1 1 1
2 2  the d.c.s are  , ,
2 2 2
4. The d.c.s of Y-axis are
cos90, cos0, cos90 13. Let r = 2iˆ  2ˆj  kˆ
i.e. 0, 1, 0 |r|= 22  22  ( 1) 2  3
5. The d.c.s of X-axis are 1, 0, 0. x y z
 The d.c.s are , ,
7. For option (B), |r| |r| |r|
cos2  + cos2  + cos2   1 2 2 1
i.e., , ,
 option (B) is correct answer. 3 3 3
8. Since, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1 14. Let r = 3iˆ  4kˆ .
2
1 32  02  42 = 5
 k 2 +   + 02 = 1 |r| =
2
3 4
1 3  The d.c.s are , 0,
 k2 = 1 – = 5 5
4 4
3 a b c
k= 15. D.c.s are , ,
2 |r| |r| |r|
2 3 6
9. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1 i.e., , ,
7 7 7
 cos2 45 + cos2 60 + cos2  = 1
1 1 1 16. A  (1, 2, 6) and B  (4, 5, 0)
 cos2  = 1     D.r.s of AB are 4  1, 5  2, 0  6
2 4 4
1 i.e., 5, 3, 6
 cos  = 
2 17. On Y-axis, x and z co-ordinates are zero.
  = 60 or 120 Hence, (B) is the correct option.
309
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
So, f(x) is continuous at x = 0 f (1  h)  f (1)
16. Lf  (1)  lim
Also, h 0 h
Lf (0) = 1 and m (1  h)  m
2
m (1  h 2  2h  1)
f (0  h)  f (0)  lim  lim
Rf (0) = lim h 0 h h 0 h
h 0  h  lim m (2  h)  2m
2/h
he 0 h 0
= lim  lim e 2/ h  0 f (1  h)  f (1)
h  0 h h 0 2(1  h)  m
R f  (1)  lim  lim
 f is not differentiable at x = 0. h 0 h h 0 h
Thus, f(x) is everywhere continuous but not For differentiability, Lf (1)  R f  (1) .
differentiable at x = 0.
But for any value of m, Lf (1)  R f  (1) is not
 x 2 possible.
  x, x  0
 x f ( x )  f (0)
14. f ( x)   0, x  0 17. Lf (0) = lim
 x2

x 0 x0
   x, x  0  a sin x  be  x  b 
  x = lim 
x 0 

x 
lim f  x   lim ( x)  0, lim f  x   lim x  0
x  0 x  0 x  0 x  0 Applying L Hospital rule, we get
and f (0)  0.  a cos x  be  x 
Lf (0) = lim    (a  b)
So, f ( x) is continuous at x  0. x 0  1 
Also, f ( x) is continuous for all other values of f ( x )  f (0)
Rf (0) = lim
x. x 0  x0
Hence, f ( x) is continuous everywhere.  a sin x  be x  b 
Here, Lf '(0)  1 and Rf '(0)  1. = lim 
x 0 

x 
 f(x) is not differentiable at x  0. Applying L Hospital rule, we get
f ( x)  f (0) e x  ax  b  a cos x + be x 
15. Lf (0) = lim  lim Rf (0) = lim 
x 0 
ab
x  0 x0 x 0 x 1 
f ( x )  f (0) Since, f(x) is differentiable at x = 0.
Rf (0) = lim
x  0 x0  Lf (0) = Rf (0)
b  x  1  b
2   (a + b) = a + b
= lim a+b=0
x0 x
b  x  2 x  1  1
2

= lim 18. Let y = x 1

x 0 x
dy 1 d
= lim b  x  2   2b  = .( x  1)
x 0 dx 2 x  1 dx
Since f (0) exists.
 Lf (0) must exist. 1
=
 1b=0b=1 4 x. x 1
Lf (0) = Rf (0) = 2 1
e x  ax  1 =
and Lf (0) = lim 4 x( x 1)
x 0 x
 e 1
x
 x
= lim   a  1 a 19. As x = radian.
x 0
 x  180
 1 + a = 2  a = 3 dy 
 = sec x tan x
 (a, b) = (3, 1) dx 180
412
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

20.
d 
10x tan x  (10 x tan x )  25. y = log  x  xa 
 dx 
dy 1 d
d  = .  x  xa
= 10 x tanx
. 10 x tan x
. log10 .  x tan x  dx x  x  a dx
dx
= log 10 (tan x + x sec2 x) 1  1 1 
= 
x  x  a  2 x 2 x  a 

x2

21. y = e1 x
2 1  1 1 
=   
dy 2
x2 2  x  xa   x xa 
 = e1 x  d  x 2 
dx   1  xa  x 
dx  1  x 2  =  
x2
 (1  x 2 ).(2 x)  x 2 .(0  2 x) 
2  x  xa   x xa 
1 x 2
e .  1
 (1  x 2 ) 2  =
x2
2 x xa
2
2 x e1 x
 
 d    d 1 
(1  x 2 ) 2 26.  log  sin e x     log sin e x 
dx     dx  2 

22.
dy dy du dv
 
dx du dv dx
 1
 
1
2 sin e dxx

d
sin e x  
1
  3  4v   2 x
.cos e x .  e x 
 1 1 d
2 u  
2 sin e x dx
1
=
 3  2v  v
  3  4v   x

1
cot e x .
1 1 x x
.e x  e 2 cot e 2  
2 2 ex 4
1
=  3  4x2   x
3  2x  x 2 2
d  eax 
27.  
3  4x 2
dx  sin(bx  c) 
=
3  2 x2 d d
sin (bx  c).eax . (ax)  eax .cos(bx  c). (bx  c)
2 2 = dx dx
23. y = (cos x )
sin(bx  c)
2

dy d
 = 2 cos x2.  cos x 2  sin(bx  c).eax .a  eax cos(bx  c).b
dx dx 
d {sin(bx  c)}2
= 2 cos x2.(sin x2).  x 2 
dx
eax [a sin(bx  c)  b cos(bx  c)]
= 2 cos x2.(sin x2).2x 
sin 2 (bx  c)
= 2x (2 sin x2 cos x2) = 2x sin 2x2

tan x  cot x
tan x 
1
tan x
28. y  sin  sin x  cos x 
24. y 
tan x  cot x tan x  1
tan x 
dy
dx
 cos  sin x  cos x .  ddx  sin x  cos x 
1  tan x
2
=    sec 2 x  cos  sin x  cos x  .
1 d
  sin x  cos x 
1  tan 2 x 2 sin x  cos x dx

dy
dx
d
  sec 2 x tan 2 x. (2 x)
dx 
cos  sin x  cos x  .(cos x  sin x)
 2sec 2 x tan 2 x 2 sin x  cos x
413
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

d   1 1    x 
29. d
 sec2 x  cosec2 x    2
 2 
 1  cos x   2sin 2   
dx dx   cos x sin x   2 
33. log   =  log
 1  cos x    x 
d  1  d  4   2cos 2   
  2 2      2 
dx  cos x sin x  dx  sin 2 2 x 
= log  tan 
x
d d
=  2cosec 2 x   2cosec 2 x cot 2 x.  2 x   2
dx dx
dy 1 d  x
 4cosec 2 x cot 2 x  =   tan 
dx x
tan dx  2
3
2
30. 
y = x cot x 3
 2
=
1 x 1
.sec 2 .
x 2 2
1 tan
dy 3  d
  x cot 3 x  2 . ( x cot 3 x) 2
dx 2 dx 1
=
3 1
 d  x x
  x cot 3 x  2  cot 3 x.1  x.3cot 2 x. (cot x)  2sin cos
2  dx  2 2
1 1
=
=
3
2
 
x cot 3 x 2 [cot3 x+3x cot2 x(–cosec2 x)] sin x
= cosec x
1
=
3
2
 
x cot 3 x 2 (cot3 x – 3x cot2 x cosec2 x)   3

  x  x  2  4

34. Let y = log e   
 x2  
1 tan x      
31. y= = tan   x 
1 tan x 4  3
 x  2 4
x
 y = log e + log  
dy 1 d  π   x2 
 =   tan   x  
dx   dx   4 
2 tan   x  3
4   y=x+ [log(x  2)  log(x + 2)]
4
1 1 tan x   dy 3 1 1 
= . sec2   x   =1+   
2 1 tan x 4  dx 4 x 2 x  2
3 x 2 1
=1+ =
  x 
32. y = log  tan     x2  4 x2  4
4 2
 
1
dy 1 d    x  35. f(x) =
 = .  tan     x  a  x2  b2
2 2
dx   x  dx   4 2  
tan   
 4 2 1 x2  a 2  x2  b2
= 
1 π x 1 x2  a 2  x2  b2 x2  a 2  x2  b2
= . sec2  +  .
 x  4 2 2 1  2 2
tan    = 2 
x  a  x2  b2 
4 2 a b
2 
1 1 1  1 1 
= =   2x   2x
 x  x   f ( x) = 2 
2sin    cos    sin   x  a  b  2 x2  a 2
2
2 x 2  b2 
4 2 4 2 2 
1 x  1 1 
= = sec x = 2 
 
cos x a  b  x2  a 2
2
x2  b2 
414
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

 1  sin x  1  1  sin x  d
36. y = log   = log  39. Let y = log f (e x  2 x) 

 1  sin x  dx 
 1  sin x  2
1 d
= . f (e x  2 x ) 
1 1 f (e  2 x ) dx
x
= log(1  sin x)  log(1  sin x)
2 2 1 d
= .f (e x  2 x ). (e x  2 x)
dy 1 1  1 f (e x  2 x) dx
 = . .cos x  . .( cos x)
dx 2 1  sin x 2 1  sin x f (e x  2 x)(e x  2)
=
1  1 1  f (e x  2 x)
= cos x    f (1).3 2.3
2  1  sin x 1  sin x   (y)(x = 0) = = 2
f (1) 3
1  2  2cos x
= cos x    19   19 
 1  sin x  2cos x
2 2
2
40. y = sin–1  x  + cos–1  x 
1  20   20 
=  sec x   
cos x = ….  sin 1 x  cos1 x  
2  2
dy
37. y
x 2
2
a2
a  x 2  log x  x 2  a 2
2
  
dx
=0

dy 1  2 1   x 1 –1  x  1 
   a  x2  x  .2 x  41. y = sec–1   + sin  
dx 2   x 1   x 1
2 a 2  x2 
 x 1  –1  x  1 
= cos–1   + sin  
a2 1  1   x 1  x 1
  1  .2 x 
2 x x a  2 x a
2 2 2 2
   
 y= ....  sin 1 x  cos1 x  
1 2  2
= a 2
 x2  x2 
2  a x2 2
 
dy
dx
=0

a2 1 x2  a 2  x  x 1   x 1 
   42. y = cos1  1
 + sin   = /2
2 x  x2  a 2 x2  a 2  x 1  x 1
1 dy
= a 2
 2 x2  a 2   =0
2  a x2 2
 dx

43. sin1 x + sin1 1  x 2

2a  x 2 2

= a 2  x2 = sin1 x + cos1 x ....  cos1 x  sin 1 1  x 2 
 
2 a x 2 2

=
2
38. f(x) = cos (sin x2)
d d 
d  (sin–1 x + sin–1 1  x 2 ) =   =0
 f (x) =  sin (sin x2) . (sin x 2 ) dx dx  2 
dx
=  sin (sin x2) . (cos x2) .(2x) 44. Let y = tan1 (cot x) + cot1(tan x)
     
       = tan1  tan   x    cot 1  cot   x  
 f   = 2 sin  sin  cos  2   2 
 2 2  2  2
=   2x
   dy
=0 ….  cos  0   =2
 2  dx
415
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
d   x x 
45. { sin (2 cos–1 (sin x))} cos 2  sin 2  
dx d  1  2 2
  tan  2 
d   1       dx   cos  sin   
 x x
= sin  2 cos  cos   x        
dx    2      2 2   
d        x x 
= sin  2   x    cos  sin  
dx    2   d  1  2 2
  tan  
d
dx   cos  sin x  
x
= {sin ( – 2x)}   2 2  
dx
= –2 . cos ( – 2x)   x 
  1  tan  
= 2 cos 2x d 2
  tan 1  
 13 13 
dx   1  tan x  
x a  1  3 
1
 13    2  
46. y = tan1  1 1 
= tan   + tan
x 1
a 
 1 x 3 a 3      d  1   x 
  =  tan tan    
dx   4 2 
dy 1 1  23 1
  2
. x = 2 2 d  x 1
dx  13  3 =   = –
1  x  3 x 3
(1  x 3
) dx  4 2  2
  Alternate Method:
 6   cos x 
 5  tan x  Let y = tan1  
47. –1
y = tan   1  sin x 

 1  6 (tan x)     
 5   sin   x  
= tan1  2 
6 
= tan–1   + tan–1 (tan x)  
1  cos   x  
5  2  
6   x   x 
 y = tan–1   + x 2sin    cos    
5 1  4 2 4 2
= tan  
dy    x 
 =0+1=1 2cos   
2

dx  4 2 
  x   x
 2  = tan1  tan     = 
 5x  x   3x    4 2  4 2
48. y = tan1   + tan
1
 
 1  5 x.x  1 2.x  
dy
=
1
 3  dx 2
2
= tan1 5x  tan1 x + tan1 + tan1 x 50. y = tan1(sec x  tan x)
3
2 dy d  1  1  sin x  
= tan1 5x + tan1  =  tan  
3 dx dx   cos x  
dy 1 5
  .5 =   x x 
dx 1   5 x  2
1  25 x 2 cos  sin  
d  1  2 2
=  tan  
d  1  cos x   dx   cos  sin x  
x
49. tan     2  
dx   1  sin x  
2

  x x    x 
cos 2  sin 2 1  tan  
d  1  2 2  d  1  2
=  tan   =  tan  
dx   cos 2 x  sin 2 x  2sin x cos x   dx   1  tan x  
  2 2 2 2     2  
416
 Chapter 06: Three Dimensional Geometry
28. Let, a1, b1, c1 = 5,  12, 13 2. We know that, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
and a2, b2, c2 = 3, 4, 5 Consider option (D)
2 2 2
a1 a 2  b1 b2  c1 c2  2   3   4  4  9  16
 cos =       = 25
a12  b12  c12  a 22  b 22  c22  25   25   25 
29
5  3   12  4  13(5) = 1
= 25
5  ( 12) 2  132  ( 3) 2  42  52
2
 correct answer is option (D).
15  48  65 3. Consider option (B)
=
13 2  5 2   
 cos2 + cos2 + cos2
1 4 3 3
=
65 1 1 1
=   =1
 1  2 4 4
  = cos–1    correct answer is option (B).
 65 
29. Here, A  (1, 2, 3), B  (4, 5, 7), 4. cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
2 2
C  (–4, 3, –6) and D  (2, 9, 2) 8 
196 2
cos  = ± 1       = ±    = 
14 1

 d.r.s of lines AB and CD are 3, 3, 4 and 6, 6, 8  15   3  9  225  15
respectively.
  3 6    3 6    4  8   5. Since, cos2  + cos2  + cos2  = 1
  = cos1    cos2  + cos2 60 + cos2 60 = 1
 34. 136  1 1 1 1
 68   cos2  = 1   =1 =
= cos1  4 4 2 2
 = 0
 2  34  1
 cos  = 
2
2a  3  10
30. cos 45 =   = 45 or  = 135
2  (1) 2  22 a 2  32  52
2

6. Since, the line lies in ZOX plane, it makes an

1 2a  7 angle 90 with Y-axis
 =
2 3 a 2  34 Also, line makes angle 30 and   30 with
 9(a2 + 34) = 2(2a + 7)2 positive Z-axis and 60 and   60 with
 9a2 + 306 = 8a2 + 56a + 98 positive X-axis
 a2  56a + 208 = 0  d.c.s of the required line are
a=4  cos ,  cos ,  cos 
i.e.,  cos 60,  cos 0,  cos 30
31. Let a1, b1, c1 = 1, 2, 1 and
1 3
a2, b2, c2 = 2, 3, 4 i.e.  , 0, ±
Consider, 2 2
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 1(2) + (2)(3) + 1(4) 3 1 1
=0 7. cos  = 1   = which is not possible.
4 2 4
 OP  OQ.
8. Let l, m, n be the d.c.s of r .
Critical Thinking l=m=n
1. If , β,  are direction angles of any vector ….[  =  =   cos  = cos  = cos ]
OL , then those Now, l2 + m2 + n2 = 1
of OL are   ,   ,    respectively l=
1
 correct answer is option (B). 3
311
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
58. Put x = tan    = tan1x    
 2 tan    1  tan 2   = sin1  sin cos   cos sin  
 4 4 
 y = sin 1  tan 2   + sec  1  tan 2  
1  1
        1
= sin1  sin      =  cos1 x
= sin1(sin 2) + sec1(sec2)  4  4 2
= 2 + 2 = 4 = 4 tan1x dy 1
 =
dy 4 dx 2 1  x2
 =
dx 1  x2  
62. Let y = tan–1  1  x  1  x 
 1 x  1 x 
1  
59. Put x = cos 2   = cos 1 x 1
2 Put x = cos 2   = cos1 x
2
 1 x   1  cos 2 
 sin–1  –1
 
2
 = sin 
2
  y = tan–1  1  cos 2  1  cos 2 
     1  cos 2  1  cos 2 
 
= sin–1  
sin 2  =   
= tan–1  2cos   2sin  
2 2

 2cos 2   2sin 2  
 
1
= cos–1 x –1  cos   sin   –1  1  tan  
2 = tan   = tan  
 cos   sin    1  tan  
d  1  1  x   d 1 1    
 sin    = dx  2 cos x  = tan–1  tan     
dx   2    4 

1   1
=  y = –= – cos–1 x
2 1  x2 4 4 2
dy 1 1 
60. Put e2x = cot    = cot1 (e 2x)  =  
dx 2  1  x2 
 cot   1   1  tan  
 y = tan1   = tan
1
 
 cot   1   1  tan     1  x  
63. Let y = sin 2 cot 1   
     1  x  
= tan1  tan     
  4  Put x = cos 
    1  cos   
= +  = + cot1 (e2x)  y = sin2 cot 1   
4 4   1  cos   
dy 1   2 

 =0 . e2x.2   2sin 
dx 1  (e 2 x ) 2
 sin 2 cot 1  2  
dy 2e 2 x   2cos 2   
 =  
  2  
dx 1  e4 x
   
 1+ x  1 x   sin 2 cot 1  tan  
  2 
61. Let y = sin 1  
 2       
   sin 2 cot 1  cot     
1    2 2  
Put x = cos 2   = cos 1 x
2  
 sin 2   
 2 2   2 2
 y = sin 1  cos   sin    1  cos  1  x
 2 2   y = cos 2  
2 2 2
 1 1  dy 1
= sin–1  cos   sin    
 2 2  dx 2
418
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
64. f (x) = cot–1 (cos 2x)1/2 x2
68. y= x
 f (x) = cot –1
 cos 2x  Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
1  2sin 2 x  log y = x2 log x
 f (x) =   Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x. we get
1  cos 2 x  2 cos 2 x 
1 dy 1
sin 2 x  = x2. + log x . (2x)
= y dx x
(1  cos 2 x) cos 2 x
dy
 = y (x + 2x log x)
3 dx
  2 2 x2 x 2 1
 f   = = = x (x + 2x log x) = x (1 + 2 log x)
 6   1  1  3
 1   
 2  2  69. Let y = x 4 x
3

2 Taking logarithm on both sides, we get

  
65. Since, 1 + sin  =  sin  cos  log y = 4x3 . log x
 2 2 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
2
   1 dy
and 1 – sin  =  sin  cos   = 4x2 + 12x2 log x
 2 2 y dx
 x x  1  tan x  dy 3
cos  sin   = x 4 x . 4x2 (1 + 3 log x)
 –1 
f (x) = tan  2 2 = tan 
1 2 dx
  x
 cos x  sin x 
3 2
 1  tan  = 4x4 x (1  3log x)
 2 2  2
   x  1 x
= tan–1  tan     70. y
  4 2  1 x
 x 1 Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
 f (x) = +  f (x) = 1 1
4 2 2 log y = log(1  x)  log(1  x)
2 2
 1 Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
 f  =
6 2 1 dy 1 1 1 1
     .(1)
y dx 2 1  x 2 1  x
66. Put log x = tan    = tan1 (log x)
dy 1 x 1
 1  tan 2     
 f(x)  cos 1   dx 1  x (1  x)(1  x)
 1  tan 2  
1
= cos1 (cos 2) = 1 3
= 2 = 2 tan1(log x) (1  x) (1  x) 2
2

1 1
 f (x) = 2. . 3
1  (log x) x
2
2( x  sin x) 2
71. y=
2 1 2 1 1 x
 f (e) = .  . 
1  (log e) e 1  12 e e
2
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
67. x x
y = (x ) 3 1
log y  log 2  log( x  sin x)  log x
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get 2 2
log y = x log xx = x2 log x Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 1 dy 3 1 1
 0  .(1  cos x) 
1 dy 1 y dx 2 x  sin x 2x
. = x 2 . + 2x log x = x(1 + 2 log x)
y dx x 3

dy dy 2( x  sin x ) 2  3 1  cos x 1 
 = xy(1 + 2 log x)    .  
dx dx x  2 x  sin x 2 x 
419
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

e x log x dy
72. y  (x – y – x – y) + (x – y + x + y) =0
x2 dx
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy
 2x = 2y
log y = x + log (log x)  2 log x dx
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get dy y
1 dy 1 2  =
 1  dx x
y dx x log x x
77. cos(x + y) = y sin x
dy e x log x  x log x  1  2log x 
    Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dx x2  x log x 
 dy  dy
e [( x  2) log x  1]
x  sin( x  y ).1    y cos x  sin x.
=  dx  dx
x3
dy y cos x  sin( x  y )
73. Let y = (sin x)log x  
dx sin( x  y )  sin x
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
log y = log x log (sin x) 78. sin (x + y) + cos (x + y) = 1
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy 1 1
.  log x. .cos x  log(sin x).  dy   dy 
y dx sin x x cos (x + y). 1   sin (x + y). 1  = 0
 dx   dx 
dy 1  dy
 = (sin x)log x  log sin x  cot x log x   [cos (x + y)  sin (x + y)]
dx x  dx
74. y = (tan x)sin x =  cos (x+ y) + sin (x + y)
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy sin  x  y   cos( x  y )
log y = sin x log (tan x)  =
dx cos( x  y )  sin( x  y )
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy 1 dy
 = sin x. .sec2x + log (tan x).cos x  = 1
y dx tan x dx
1 dy cos x 1 79. sin(x + y) = log(x + y)
  = sin x. . + cosx log(tan x)
y dx sin x cos 2 x Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy  dy  1  dy 
 = (tan x)sinx [sec x + cos x log (tan x)] cos (x + y) 1    1  
dx  dx  x  y  dx 
75. x2ey + 2xyex + 13 = 0 dy 1 dy 1
 cos (x + y)     cos( x  y )
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get dx x  y dx x  y
dy  dy  dy  1  1
2xey + x2ey  2  xye x  xe x  ye x  = 0   cos( x  y )  =  cos( x  y )
dx  dx  dx  x  y  x+ y
dy 2 xe y  2 y ( xe x  e x ) dy
   = 1
dx x( xe y  2e x ) dx
dy 2 xe y  x  2 y ( x  1)
 =  80. 3sin(xy) + 4cos(xy) = 5
dx x( xe y  x  2) Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 x y x y  dy   dy 
= sec–1 a 3cos(xy)  y  x   4sin( xy )  y  x   0
76. sec   =a  dx   dx 
 x  y  x  y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get dy 4 y sin( xy )  3 y cos( xy )
 
 dy   dy  dx 3 x cos( xy )  4 x sin( xy )
( x  y ) 1    ( x  y ) 1  
 d x   dx  = 0 y[4sin( xy )  3cos( xy )] y
2 = = 
( x  y)  x[4sin( xy )  3cos( xy )] x

420
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
32. Since, the three lines are mutually
1(2)  2(3)  1(4)
28.  = cos1 perpendicular
12  22  12 22  (3) 2  4 2  l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 = 0
 l2l3 + m2m3 + n2n3 = 0
 = cos–1 (0) = l3l1 + m3m1 + n3n1 = 0
2
Also, l12 + m12 + n12 = 1,
29. Given, A  (1, 2, 1), B  (2, 0, 3), C  (3, 1, 2)
The d.r.s of AB = 1, 2, 4 and d.r.s of l22 + m22 + n 22 = 1,
AC = 2, 3, 3 l32 + m32 + n32 = 1
1(2)  ( 2) ( 3)  4(3) Now, (l1 + l2 + l3)2 + (m1 + m2 + m3)2
 cos =
1  4  16 4  9  9 + (n1 + n2 + n3)2
2  6  12 20 = (l12  m12  n12 ) + (l22  m 22  n 22 ) + (l32  m 32  n 32 )
 cos =  + 2 (l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2) + 2(l2l3 + m2m3 +
21 22 462
n2n3)
 462 cos = 20 + 2 (l3l1 + m3m1 + n3n1)
30. l+m+n=0 =3
 l = (m + n) and lm = 0  (m + n)m = 0  (l1 + l2 + l3)2 + (m1 + m2 + m3)2
 m = 0 or m + n = 0  m = 0 or m = n +(n1 + n2 + n3)2 = 3
If m = 0, then l =  n Hence, direction cosines of required line are :
l m n l1 + l2 + l3 m1 + m 2 + m 3 n1 + n 2 + n 3
 = = , ,
1 0 1 3 3 3
If m = n, then l = 0 33. Y
l m n
 = =
0 1 1
(0, a, 0) C B (a, a, 0)
 the d.r.s of the lines are proportional to
1, 0, 1 and 0, 1, 1 D F(a, a, a)
 angle between them is (0, a, a)
0  0 1 1 A
cos  = = X
1 0 1 0 11 2 E
O (a, 0, 0)
π (0, 0, a)
 =
3
31. l + m  n = 0 and l2 + m2  n2 = 0
Z
 l + m = n and l2 + m2 = n2 The d.r.s of diagonal EB = a, a, a
Putting l + m = n in l2 + m2 = n2, we get The d.r.s of diagonal AD = a, a, a
l2 + m2 = (l + m)2  Angle between EB and AD is
 2lm = 0  l = 0 or m = 0
a 2  a 2  a 2
If l = 0, then m = n cos  =
3a 2
l m n
 = =
0 1 1 1
  = cos1  
If m = 0, then l = n  3
l m n
 = = 34. As d.r.s. are proportional, the required lines
1 0 1 are parallel to the given lines.
 the d.r.s of the lines are proportional to 0, 1, 1  (d.r.s.)1  2, 3, 6 and (d.r.s.)2  3, 4, 5
and 1, 0, 1.
6  12  30 36 18 2
0(1)  1(0)  1(1) 1  cos  = = =
 cos  =
0 11 1 0 1 2
= 49 50 7 5 2  
7  5

 18 2 
1    = cos1 
 35 
1
  = cos    =
2 3  

314
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 95. xmyn = 2(x + y)m + n
91. y = x2 + Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
y
m log x + n log y = log 2 + (m + n)log(x + y)
1 dy yf ( x) Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
If y = f(x) + , then 
y dx 2 y  f ( x) m n dy m  n  dy 
dy 2 xy
+  = 1  
  x y dx x + y  dx 
dx 2 y  x 2  m  n n  dy m m  n
    
92. y = xexy  x  y y  dx x x  y
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy y
 =
log y = log x + log exy dx x
 log y = logx + xy
96. xy = 2x  y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
1 dy 1 dy
 = +x +y y log x = (x  y) log2
y dx x dx
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy  1  1
   x= + y 1 dy  dy 
y.  log x.  log 2  1  
dx  y  x x dx  dx 
dy (1  xy ) y dy y
 =  (log x + log 2)  log 2 
dx (1  xy ) x dx x
dy x log 2  y
93. xy = yx   log (2 x) 
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dx x
 y loge x = x loge y dy x log 2  y
 
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get dx x log (2 x)
dy y 1 dy
log e x   log e y  x   97. y = ax
y
dx x y dx
 log y = xy log a
dy  y log e x  x  x log e y  y
    log (log y) = y log x + log(log a)
dx  y  x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
dy y ( x log e y  y )
  1 1 dy y dy
dx x( y log e x  x)   = + log x
log y y dx x dx
94. xy.yx = 1  1  dy y
  log x  =
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get  y log y  dx x
y log x + x log y = 0 dy
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  x(1  y log x log y )  y 2 log y
dx
dy 1 1 dy
log x. + y. + x.  + log y.1 = 0 98. log (x + y) = 2xy ....(i)
dx x y dx
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy  x y
  log x   + + log y = 0  1   dy   dy 
dx  y x   1    2  x  y 
 x  y   dx   dx 
y 
dy   log y  dy 1  2 xy  2 y 2
 x   
 = dx 2 x 2  2 xy  1
dx x
log x 
y Putting x = 0 in (i), we get
y=1
dy y  y  x log y  1 0  2
 =     y(0) = 1
dx x  x + y log x  0  0 1
422
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
99. Let y = excos x and z = ex sin x dy
dy

dy
= ex (cos x  sin x) and   d = – tan 
dx dx dx
d
dz
= ex (cos x  sin x) 2
dx  dy 
 1    = 1  tan 2  = sec 2  = |sec |
dy  dx 
dy
 = dx = e2x 104. y = log (1 + ), x = sin1
dz dz
dx dy 1 dx 1
 = , =
d 1   d 1  2
100. Let y  cos
1
 x  and z  1 x dy
dy 1  2
  d =
dy 1 1 dz 1 dx dx 1 
   and 
dx 1 x 2 x dx 2 1  x d
dy (1  )(1  ) 1 
= =
dy dx 1 (1  ) 2 1 
  
dz dz x
dx 105. Let y = sin1x and z = cos1  1 x 2 
e t  e t et  e t dy 1
101. x = and y =  =
2 2 dx 1  x2


dx e t  e  t
dt

2
and
dy e t  e  t
dt

2
z  cos 1  
1  x 2 = sin1 x

dy e t  e  t dz 1
 =
dy dt x dx 1  x2
   t 2 t 
dx d x e e y
dy
dt 2 dy
 = dx = 1
dz dz
102. x = a(t cos t  sin t) and y = a(t sin t + cos t)
dx
dx
 = a( t sint + cos t  cos t) =  at sin t
dt 1 x 
106. Let y  sin 1   and z  x
1 x 
dy
and = a(t cos t + sin t  sin t) = at cos t dy 1 (1  x)( 1)  (1  x)(1)
dt  .
 dx 2 (1  x) 2
dy 1 x 
1  
dy dt at cos t 1 x 
 = = =  cot t
dx dx at sin t 1
dt = x (1  x)
dz 1
103. x = a cos3  and y = a sin3  and dx  2 x
dx
 = – 3a cos2  . sin  dy
d
dy dx 2
  
dy dz dz 1  x
and = 3a sin2  . cos 
d dx
423
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
107. Let y = asec x and z = atan x  1   cos 2 t 
= a   sin t   = a 
dy  sin t   sin t 
 = asec x log a sec x tan x
dx = a cos t cot t
dz dy
and = atan x log a sec2 x and  a cos t
dx dt
dy dy
dy dx a sec x log a sec x tan x dy dt 1
 = =     tan t
dz dz a tan x log a sec2 x dx dx cot t
dx dt
sin x 1
= a sec x  tan x . = sin x asec x  tan x 110. x = a(sin 2 + sin 4),
1 2
cos x.
cos x  1 
y = b cos 2  (1  cos 4) 
 2 
 1 dx
108. x = e      = 2a(cos 2 + cos 4) = 2a(2cos 3 cos)
  d
dx  1   1 dy
 = e 1  2  + e     and = 2b(sin 4 – sin 2) = 2b(2cos 3 sin)
d      d
dy
 1 1 
= e 1     2  dy d b
     = = tan 
dx dx a
 2  3    1  d
= e  
 2  111. x = t log t and y = tt
 1  x = log tt = log y
y = e     Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 
1 dy
dy  1   1 1= .
 = e– 1  2  – e
–
   y dx
d     
dy
 = y = tt
–  1 1 dx
=e 1  2    
   Since, x = t log t
 2  1  3     x = log tt
= e–    ex = tt
 2  dy
 = ex
dy dx
dy d e –2 (1  2  3  )
 = =  2x   2x 
dx dx 2  1  3   112. Let y = tan–1  and z = sin–1 
2 
d 1 x   1  x2 
Put x = tan 
   2 tan  
dx  1 2 t 1
  y = tan1  1
 = tan (tan 2) = 2
109.  a   sin t   sec    1  tan 2
 
dt  t 2 2
tan
 2   2 tan  
and z = sin1  1
 = sin (sin 2) = 2
 1  tan 2
 
 
 1   y=z
 a   sin t 
 t t dy
2sin cos   =1
 2 2 dz
424
 Chapter 06: Three Dimensional Geometry
22. Let the length of the line segment be r and its 28. d.r.s. of AB and BC are (2, 2, 2) and
direction cosines be l, m, n. (1, 1, 1) respectively.
 The projections on the co-ordinate axes are lr, mr, nr. 2 2 2
 lr = 6, mr = 3 and nr = 2   
1 1 1
 l2r2 + m2r2 + n2r2 = (6)2 + (3)2 + (2)2
 the given points are collinear.
r2 (l2 + m2 + n2) = 36 + 9 + 4
r2 = 49 ….[ l2 + m2 + n2 = 1] 29. The d.r.s. of the diagonal of the line joining
the origin to the opposite corner of cube are
r=7
a  0, a  0, a  0 i.e. 1, 1, 1.
6 3 2
Now, d.c.s. of line are , ,
r r r 30. Here, a1, b1, c1 = 1, 1, 2 and
6 3  a2, b2, c2 = 3  1,  3  1 , 4
i.e., ,  , .
7 7 7 1    
3  1  1  3  1  2(4)
23. Here, a = 3 î + 5 ĵ  2 k̂ , b  6i  2j  3k  cos  =
   
2 2

18  10  6
a.b 22 11 4 3  1   3  1  16
 Projection = = =
b 7 7 6 6 1
= = =
6 4 + 4 +16 6 24 2
4  (2) 3  4
24. For option (C),    = 60
3  4 2  (3)
 option (C) is the correct answer. 31. D.r.s. are 2, 2, 1 and
25. Let A(5, 2, 7), B(2, 2, ), C(1, 6, 1) be the 7  3, 2  1, 12  4  4, 1, 8
given points 2  4  2 1  1 8 18 2
 cos  = = 
d.r.s. of AB are 2  5, 2 + 2,   7 2  2 1 4 1  8
2 2 2 2 2 2 3  9 3
i.e., 3, 4,   7
2
d.r.s. of BC are 1  2, 6  2, 1     = cos1  
i.e., 3, 4, 1   3
Since, the points are collinear 32. The direction ratios of AB = 1, 2,  2 and the
 AB || BC direction ratios of CD = 2, 3, 4
4 7 a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = (1) (2) + (2) (3) + (2) (4) = 0
 =    7 = 1     = 3
4 1   
 AB  CD  =
26. Let A (1, 2, 3), B (4, a, 1) and C (b, 8, 5) 2
Since, the given points are collinear.
 AB || BC 33. Putting l =  m  n in l2 = m2 + n2, we get
4   1 a  2 1   3  (m  n)2 = m2 + n2
 = =  mn = 0  m = 0 or n = 0
b4 8a 5 1
5 a2 If m = 0, then l =  n
 = 1, =1 l m n
b4 8a  = =
 b = 9, a = 5 1 0 1
27. P(4, 5, x), Q(3, y, 4) and R(5, 8, 0) If n = 0, then l = m
Since, the points are collinear l m n
 = =
 PQ || QR 1 1 0
1 y  5 4  x  a1, b1, c1 = 1, 0, 1 and
  
2 8 y 4 a2, b2, c2 = 1, 1, 0
1 y  5 4  x 1  The angle between the lines is given by
  and  1 0  0 1
2 8 y 4 2 cos  = =
 y – 8 = 2y – 10 and 8 – 2x = 4 1 0 1 11 0 2
 y = 2 and x = 2 π
 =
 x+y=4 3
317
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 cos x  dy
z = tan 1   dy dt 2cos t cos 2t  sin t sin 2t
1  sin x    =
dx dx cos t cos 2t  2sin t sin 2t
 (cos2 x / 2  sin 2 x / 2)  dt
= tan1  2 
 (sin x / 2  cos x / 2)  1
0
 (cos x / 2  sin x / 2)   dy  2 1
= tan1  
     
 (cos x / 2  sin x / 2)   dx  t   0  2  1 2
 4
 1  tan x / 2  2
= tan1  1  tan x / 2   1  x2  1 
124. Let y = tan–1   and
= tan1[tan(/4  x/2)] = /4  x/2  x 
 
dz 1
 =   2x 1  x 2 
dx 2 z = tan–1  
 1  2 x2 
dy  
dy dx Put x = tan    = tan1 x
 = = 1
dz dz  sec   1  
–1 
dx  y = tan–1   = tan  tan 
 tan    2
121. x = a cos4  and y = a sin4   1
dx  = tan–1 x
  4a cos3  sin  2 2
d dy 1
 =
and
dy
d
 4a sin 3  cos  dx 
2 1 x 2 
dy  2x 1  x2 
z  tan 1  
dy d  sin 2   1  2 x2 
     tan 2 
dx dx cos 2  Put x = sin    = sin1x
d 2sin  cos   1  sin 2 
 z = tan–1    tan  
 dy  2  3   1  2sin    cos 2 
2

   3    tan    (1)  1
2
–1
d x
     4 = tan (tan 2) = 2
 4 
= 2 sin–1 x
dz 2
 1   =
122. Let y = sec 1  2  and z  1  3 x dx
 2x 1  1  x2
 y = cos (2x  1) = 2cos1x
1 2 dy
dy 2 dz 3 dy dx 1  x2
   = =

dx
and
dx 2 1  3x dz dz 4 1  x 2 
1 x 2
dx
dy
 dy  1
dy dx 2 2 1  3x    =
     dz  x  0 4
dz dz 1 x 2 3
dx 3x 3x
125. y = cos2  sin2
 dy  2 2
   1   0
 dz  x=   y = cos 3x ….(i)
 3 
dy
 =  3 sin 3x
123. x = sin t cos 2t and y = cos t sin 2t dx
dx d2 y
  cos t cos2t  2sin t sin2t  =  9 cos 3x
dt dx 2
dy d2 y
and  2cos t cos 2t  sin t sin 2t  2 =  9y ….[From (i)]
dt dx
426
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
126. x = t2 and y = t3 + 1 1
dx dy 131. ey (x + 1) = 1  ey =
 = 2t and = 3t2 x 1
dt dt
 1 
dy  y = log  
 x 1
dy 3t
 = dt =  y = log (x + 1)
dx d x 2
dy 1
dt  =  ....(i)
dx x 1
d2 y 3 dt 3 1 3
 = .  . = d2 y 1  1 
2

dx 2 2 dx 2 2t 4t  = =  
dx 2 ( x  1)2  x  1 
dy dx
127. = 10t9 and = 8t7  dy 
2
dt dt =  .....[From (i)]
dy  dx 
dy 5t 2
 = dt = b
dx dx 4 132. y = ax5 + 4 ....(i)
dt x
2
d y 5 dt 5t 1 5 dy 4b
 = 2t  =  7 =  = 5ax4  5
dx 2
4 dx 2 8t 16t 6 dx x
2
1 d y 20b
128. x = log t and y =  2
= 20ax3 + 6
t dx x
dx 1 dy 1 20  b  20y
 = and = 2 = 2  ax5  4  = 2 ….[From (i)]
dt t dt t x  x  x
dy 133. y = axn+1 + bxn ….(i)
dy 1 dy
  dt =  ….(i)  = (n  1)ax n  nbx  n 1
dx dx t dx
dt d2 y
2   n(n  1)ax n 1  n(n  1)bx  n  2
d y  1  dt dx 2
 =   2 
n  n  1 n 1
2
dx  t  dx d2 y
1 1 1 1 1
 2 =
dx x 2  ax  bx  n 
= 2. = 2. =
t dx t 1 t d 2
y
dt t  x2 2  n(n  1) y ….[From (i)]
dx
2
d y dy 134. y = a cos (log x) + b sin (log x) ….(i)
 2
= ….[From (i)]
dx dx a sin(log x) b cos(log x)
 y = +
x2 x3 x x
129. y = 1 – x + – + ….
(2)! (3)!  xy = a sin (log x) + b cos (log x)
 y = e–x ….(i) Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
dy a cos (log x) bsin (log x)
 = e–x(– 1) xy + y = 
dx x x
d2 y  x2y + xy = [a cos (log x) + b sin (log x)]
 2
= (– 1){e–x.(– 1)} = e–x = y ….[From (i)]  x2y + xy = y ….[From (i)]
dx
135. y = ax.b2x – 1 ….(i)
130. Consider option (C),
dy
f(x) = sinx  = b2x1.ax log a + ax. 2b2x1 log b
dx
 f(0) = 0 and
= axb2x – 1(log a + 2 log b)
f (x) = cosx 2
d y
 f (0) = 1  2
= axb2x – 1(log a + 2 log b)2
dx
Also, f (x) =  sinx = f(x) = axb2x – 1(log ab2)2
 option (C) is the correct answer. = y(log ab2)2 ….[From (i)]
427
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)


136. y = log x + x 2  a 2  140. y = e2x
d2 y
dy
dy 1  1   = 2e2x  = 4e2x
 = .1  .2 x  dx dx 2
dx x  x2  a 2  2 x2  a 2  Now, y = e2x
dy 1 x2  a 2  x  log y = 2x
 = 
dx x  x2  a 2 x2  a 2 1 dx 1
 x= log y  =
dy 1 2 dy 2y
 =
dx x2  a 2
d2 x 1 1
d y 1 2
2 3
x  = =

dx 2
=
2
x  a 
2 2
.2 x = 3 dy 2
2y 2
2(e 2 x ) 2
x 2
a 
2 2

d2 y d2 x 2
2  2
 2
= 2x
= – 2e– 2x
137. y = x + 2x + 3 dx dy e
dy
 = 2x + 2
dx 141. Let y = 2 cos x cos 3x
dx 1  y = cos 4x + cos 2x
 =
dy 2x  2 dy
 = – 4 sin 4x – 2 sin 2x
d2 x 1 dx 1 dx
 = . =
dy 2
2( x  1) dy
2
4( x  1)3 d2 y
 = –16 cos 4x – 4 cos 2x
138. y = x + ex dx 2
dy = – 4(cos 2x + 4cos 4x)
 = 1 + ex ....(i)
dx = –22 (cos 2x + 22 cos 4x)
dx 1
  = (1 + ex)–1 1
dy 1  e x d x  dy 
142. =
d2 x d dy  dx 
 2
= – (1 + ex)–2 . (1 + ex)
dy dy
d  dy  
1
d  dx 
dx    =   
=  (1 + ex)2 . ex . dy  dy  dy  dx  
dy
d 2 x d  dy   dx
1
ex 1  
= . ....[From (i)]   
(1  e ) 1  e x
x 2 dy 2 dx  dx   dy
ex d2 x  dy  d  dy  dx
2
=  2 =    .  .
(1  e x )3 dy  dx  dx  dx  dy
139. y = sin x + ex d2 x  dy   d y 
2 3

 dy = cos x + e x  =     2
dy 2  d x   dx 
dx
dx
 = (cos x + ex)1 ….(i) x2 y2
dy 143. + =1 ….(i)
a2 b2
d2 x dx
 2
 (cos x  e x )2 ( sin x  e x )  Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
dy dy
2x 2 y dy
= (sin x  ex )2  (cos x  e x ) 1 ….[From (i)]
x
2
+ 2  =0
(cos x  e ) a b dx
sin x  e x dy b2 x
=  = 2 ….(ii)
(cos x  e x )3 dx a y

428
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

 dy  d2 y dy
2  yx 
2  x2 x y ....[From (i)]
d y b dx dx 2 dx
 = 2  
dx 2 a  y2  d2 y dy
   x2 2
x y=0
2
dx dx
b  dy 
= 2 2 yx  147. y = etan x
a y  dx 
 log y = tan x
b2  b2 x2  Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
=  y   ….[From (ii)]
a 2 y2  a2 y  1 dy dy y
 = sec2x  =
b2 b2  y 2 x 2  b 4 y dx dx cos 2 x
=    = …[From(i)]
a 2 y2 y  b2 a 2  a 2 y3 dy
 cos2x =y
144. x = f (t) and y = g (t) dx
dx dy Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 = f (t) and = g(t) d2 y dy dy
dt dt cos2 x 2  2 cos x sin x =
dy dx dx dx
dy g(t) 2
d y dy
 = dt =  cos2x 2 = (1 + sin 2x)
dx dx f (t) dx dx
dt 1
148. y = emcos x ....(i)
2
d y f (t).g(t)  g (t).f (t) dt
 =  dy 1 1
dx 2
[f (t)]2 dx  = emcos x .m.
dx 1  x2
f (t).g(t)  g(t)f (t) dy
=  1  x2 = my ....[From (i)]
[f (t)]3 dx
2
cos x  sin x 1  tan x 2  dy 
145. y =   (1  x )   = m2y2
cos x  sin x 1  tan x  dx 
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 
 y = tan   x  ....(i) dy d 2 y  dy 
2
dy
4  (1  x2) .2 . 2    .(0  2 x) = 2m2y
dx dx  dx  dx
dy  
 =  sec2   x  2
d y dy
dx  4   (1  x2) 2  x = m2y
dx dx
d2 y      (1  x2) y2  xy1  m2y = 0
 2
= 2 sec2   x  . tan   x 
dx 4  4  dy 2sin 1 x 2cos1 x
149. = 
d2 y dx 1  x2 1  x2
 dx 2 = 2 tan    x  =  2y ....[From (i)] dy 2(sin 1 x  cos 1 x)
dy    =
4  dx 1  x2
dx
dy
 1  x2 = 2 (sin1x  cos  1 x)
146. y = cos (log x) ....(i) dx
dy 1 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 =  sin (log x). d 2 y dy 1
dx x 1  x2  2    ( 2 x)
dy dx dx 2 1  x 2
x = sin (log x)
dx  1 (1)  4
=2   =
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  1 x
2
1  x2  1  x2
d 2 y dy 1 d2 y dy
x 2
 .1   cos(log x).  (1  x2) x =4
dx dx x dx 2 dx
429
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
150. y = cos (m sin1x) ….(i) 154. x = a (1  cos ) and y = a( + sin )
m dx dy
 y1 = sin (m sin1 x)   = a sin  and = a (1 + cos )
1  x2 d d
 1  x 2 y1 = m sin(m sin1x) dy 
2cos 2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get dy d a(1  cos ) 2  cot 
   
xy1 m dx dx a sin    2
1  x 2 y2  = m cos (m sin1 x)  2sin cos
1 x 2
1  x2 d 2 2
 (1  x2) y2  xy1 = m2y ….[From (i)] d2 y  1 d
 2
=  cosec2 . .
2 2
 (1  x ) y2  xy1 + m y = 0 dx 2 2 dx
1  1
151. y2 = ax2 + bx + c =  cos ec 2 .
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get 2 2 a sin 
dy  d2 y  1
 2  . a(1)
1 1
2
2y = 2ax + b   2  
dx  dx    2 a
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get 2

d 2 y dy dy 155. Let y = a sin3t and x = a cos3 t

2y 2   2 = 2a
dx dx dx dy
Multiplying both the sides by y2, we get  = 3a sin2t cos t
2
dt
d2 y  dy  dx
y3 2
 ay 2   y  and = –3a cos2t sin t ….(i)
dx  dx  dt
2
 b dy dy / dt
2
= a(ax + bx + c) –  ax    = = tan t
 2 dx dx / dt
b2 d2 y dt
= a2x2 + abx + ac – a2x2 –  abx  = sec2 t.
4 dx 2 dx
b2 1
= ac – = a constant =  sec2t. ….[From (i)]
3a cos 2 t sin t
4
1
  =
 log ex   8  log x  3a cos 4 t sin t
1  
e + tan 1+8log x 
1 
152. y = tan  d2 y  1
 log    2 =
 x  dx  t   3a cos4    sin   
4    
4 4
1 + log x   8  log x 
 y = tan1 1  log x  + tan1 1+8log x  1 4 2
    = 5
=
 1  3a
 y = tan11+ tan1(log x) + tan1 8 –tan1(log x) 3a  
 2
 y = tan11 + tan1 8
dy d2 y 156. ey + xy = e
 = 0,  =0 Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
dx dx 2
dy dy
153. x = sin t and y = sin3 t ey +y+x =0 ….(i)
dx dx
 y = x3
Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
dy d2 y
 = 3x2  = 6x d2 y y  dy  dy
2
d2 y
dx dx 2 ey + e   + 2 + x = 0 ….(ii)
  dx 2  dx  dx dx 2
At t = , x = sin =1 Putting x = 0 in ey + xy = e, we get y = 1
2 2
 d2 y   d2 y  Putting x = 0, y = 1 in (i), we get
  2    2  = 6(1) = 6 dy 1
 dx  t    dx  x  1 =
2 dx e
430
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
dy 1
=  in (ii), we get
Putting x = 0, y = 1, Competitive Thinking
dx e
2
d y 1 2 d2 y 1 f (0 + h)  f (0)
e 2 + e. 2  + 0 = 0  2 = 2 1. Lf (0) = lim
dx e e dx e h  0 h
158. f (–x) = – f(x) ….[ f ( x) is an odd function] 11
= lim =0
h 0 h
 f (x) = – f (–x)
Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get f (0 + h)  f (0)
Rf (0) = lim
f  (x) = [f (x)] h 0  h
 f  (x) = f  (x) 1  sinh  1
= lim
 f  (3) = f  (3) h 0 h
 f  (3) = 2 sin h
= lim =1
h 0 h
 y  x
159.   +   = 2  Lf (0) ≠ Rf (0)
 x  y
 f (0) does not exist.
 y2 + x2 = 2xy
 (x  y)2 = 0  1
xy=0  x  1 , if x  1, 2
x=y 
2. f(x) =  2 , if x 1
dy  1
 =1 , if x  2
dx 

160. y = ex. e2x.e3x….enx 1
1
y= e 
x 1 23............. n  f ( x )  f (2)
 lim = lim x  1
 n (n 1) 
x 
x2 x2 x2 x2
y= e  2 
x2
=  lim
 n(n  1)  x  2 ( x  1)( x  2)
 log y = x  
 2  1
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get =  lim
x2
x 1
1 dy n(n  1)
. = = –1
y dx 2
dy n(n  1) y  1
 =  2 x  5 , for x  1
dx 2 3. f ( x)  
 1 , for x  1
1  ex 1  ex  3
161. y   y 2

1  ex 1  ex f ( x)  f (1)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  f (1) = lim
x 1 x 1
dy (1  e x )e x  (1  e x )e x 2e x 1
   
2y   1
dx (1  e x ) 2 (1  e x ) 2 2x  5  3 
= lim
dy ex 1  ex
x 1 x 1
  2x  2
dx (1  e ) 1  e x
x 2
= lim
x 1 3(2 x  5)( x  1)
ex  1  e x  1  e x 
=    2 x 1
(1  e x ) 2  1  e x  1  e x  = lim
3 x 1 (2 x  5)( x  1)
ex
= 2 1 2
(1  e x ) 1  e 2 x = lim = 
3 x 1 2 x  5 9
431
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

f  x   f 0  f (1) = 1
4. f  (0–) = lim
x  0 x0  f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
f  0  h   f  0 If f(x) is differentiable, it has to be continuous.
= lim
h 0 h  f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x = 1.
h log  cosh 
2
0 6. lim f ( x) = 0
log 1  h 2  x  0
= lim lim f ( x) = lim x = 0
h 0 h x  0 x  0
 log  cosh  1 lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f(0)
= lim lim
log 1  h 2 
x  0 x  0
h 0 h h 0
 The function is continuous at x = 0
h2 Y
 log  cosh 
= lim .(1)
h 0 h
Applying L'Hospital rule, we get x0 x>0
X
sinh O
= lim
h 0 cosh

=0 y=x
f  x   f  0
f(0+) = lim
x 0  x0 Since the function has a sharp edge at x = 0,
f  0  h   f  0  The function is not differentiable.
= lim
h 0 h
7. lim f  x   lim  x  1  1  1  0
h 2 log  cosh  x 1 x 1
0
log 1  h 2
 lim f  x   lim  x3  1  1  1  0
= lim x 1 x 1
h 0 h
f 1  0
=0
 f  (0 ) = f  (0+)
–  f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
 f(x) is differentiable at zero. f ( x )  f (1) x 1  0
Lf (1) = lim  lim 1
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
f ( x )  f (1) f ( x )  f (1)
5. Lf (1) = lim Rf (1) = lim

x 1 x 1 x 1  x 1
x 2 3x 13 x 1
3
3x 2
  2 = lim  lim 3
= lim 4 2 4 x 1 x  1 x 1 1
x 1 x 1  Lf  (1) ≠ Rf  (1)
x  6x  5
2
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.
= lim
x 1 4  x  1
8. Since, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
lim
 x  5 x  1  Lf (1) = Rf (1)
=
x 1 4  x  1 d  d 
   x 2  bx  c     ( x ) 
1  dx  x 1  dx  x 1
= lim ( x  5)  1
4 x 1  [2x + b]x=1 = 1
f ( x )  f (1) x3 2 2+b=1
Rf (1) = lim = lim

x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1  b = –1 ….(i)
3 x 2 f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
= lim  1
x 1 x 1  f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
432
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
 f(1) = lim f ( x) f (1  h)  f (1)
x 1 Now, f (1) = lim
h 0 h
 1 = lim  x 2  bx  c  f (1  h)  0
x 1
 f (1) = lim
1=1+b+c h 0 h
b+c=0  f (1) = 5
c=1 ….[From (i)] 13. The continuous line shown in the figure below
 b – c = –1 –1 = –2 represents the graph of f (x).
Y
x 2 f 1  f  x  y = x3
9. lim
x 1 x 1 y=x
Applying L' Hospital rule, we get (1, 1)
lim 2 x f 1  f   x  = 2f(1) – f  (1)
x 1

X O X
10. Applying L'Hospital rule, we get
xf (2)  2f ( x ) f (2)  2f ( x )
lim  lim
x2 x2 x  2 1
(1, 1)
= f(2)  2f (2)
= 4  2(1) = 2 Y
 x, x  1
11. Since, f(x) is differentiable at x = a.  x3 , 1  x  0

 f (x) exists  f (x) = 
f ( x)  f (a)  x, 0  x  1
Let lim = f (a) ….(i)  x3 , 1  x
x a xa
Clearly, f (x) is not differentiable at x = 1, 0, 1.
x 2 f (a)  a 2 f ( x)
Now, lim
x a xa  x  1, x  1
14. Let f(x) = |x  1| = 
x f (a)  a 2 f (a)  a 2 f (a)  a 2 f ( x) 1  x, x  1
2
= lim
x a xa  p = left hand derivative of f(x) at x = 1
( x  a )f (a)  a 2 f ( x)  f (a)
2 2
f ( x)  f (1) 1 x  0
= lim  p = lim = lim = 1
x a xa x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
 ( x  a )f (a)
2 2
 f ( x )  f (a)   Now, lim g(x) = p
= lim   a2  x 1

x a
 xa  x  a   lim g(1 + h) =  1
h 0
f ( x)  f (a)
2
= lim (x + a) f(a)  a lim hn
x a x a xa  lim  1
h  0 log cos m h
2
= 2a f(a)  a f (a) ....[From (i)]
hn
12. Since, f(x) is differentiable for all x. So, it is  lim  1
h  0 m log cos h
everywhere continuous.
Applying L'Hospital rule on L.H.S., we get
 lim f(x) = f(1)
x 1 1 n h n 1
lim =1
 lim f(1 + h) = f(1) m h 0  tan h
h 0

f (1  h) n h n 2
 lim  h  f (1)  lim 1
h 0 h m h 0  tan h 
 
f (1  h)  h 
 lim  lim h  f (1)
h 0 h h 0 n
 n = 2 and =1
 5  0 = f(1) m
 f(1) = 0 m=n=2
433
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 Solving (i) and (ii), we get

x 2 cos 0
f ( x)  f (0) x 2
m = and k =
8
15. lim = lim
x 0 x0 x 0 x 5 5
 8 2
= lim x cos =0  k+m=  =2
x 0 x 5 5
So, f(x) is differentiable at x = 0. 17. Differentiability at x = :
Now, Rf (2) = lim f  2  h   f  2 
Ls'()
h  0 h
= hlim
h e  h

 1 sin   h  0
   h
2  h 0
2
cos  0
= lim  2h  =0
h 0 h Rs'()
2  h
2 
sin  
 

 2 2h  = hlim
h e  h

 1 sin   h  0
= lim 0 h
h 0 h
 h 
=0
2  h
2
sin   Differentiability at x = 0:
= lim  2  2  h  
h 0
h
Ls'(0) = hlim
h   e  h

 1 sin  h  0

 h 
0 h
sin  
= lim  2  2  h    2  h   =0
 
h 0 h 2  h
h   e  1 sin h  0 
2 2  h Rs'(0) = hlim
0 h
Similarly, Lf (2) =   =0
 Lf (2)  Rf (2) The function f(x) is differentiable at x = 0, .
So, f (x) is not differentiable at x = 2.  Set S is an empty set.

k x  1  2k 18. y = cos (2x + 45)

g( x )  g(3)
16. Lg(3) = lim = lim dy d
 x 3 x3 x 3 x 3  = sin (2x + 45)  (2x + 45)
dx dx
 
x 1 4 = 2 sin (2x + 45)
= lim k  
x 3
 
 ( x  3) x  1  2  
 19. y= sin x
k k
= lim
x 3
=
x 1  2 4 
dy
dx
=
1

d
2 sin x dx
sin x  
g( x )  g(3) mx  2  2k
Rg(3) = lim = lim 1 1

x 3 x3 x 3 x3 =  cos x 
Applying L'Hospital rule, we get 2 sin x 2 x
Rg(3) = m cos x
=
Since, g(3) exists.
4 x sin x
 Rg(3) must exist.
 3m + 2 – 2k = 0 ….(i) d d  1 
20. log|x|e =  
Since, g(x) is differentiable. dx dx  log x 
 Lg(3) = Rg(3)
1 1 1
k = × =
 = m  k = 4m ….(ii)
x  log x 
2 2
log x x
4
434
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
21. f(x) = log x d x
 f[log x] = log  log x 
26.
dx
 e log sin 2 x 
1 d 1 d
 f [log x] = .
log x dx
 log x   log sin 2 x.e x  e x . .  sin 2 x 
sin 2 x dx
1 1 d
=  e x log sin 2 x  e x . .cos 2 x .  2 x 
x log x sin 2 x dx

22. y = log2 (log2x) = e x logsin 2 x  e x cot 2 x.2

 log x  = e x (log sin 2 x  2cot 2 x)
log  
 log 2 
 
= d
log 2 1 x 2
27. e .tan x
log(log x )  log(log 2) dx
=
log 2 =e 1 x 2
.sec2 x  tan x.e 1 x 2

d
dx
 1  x2 
dy 1  1 1 
   .  0 1 x 2 1 x 2 1
dx log 2  log x x  =e .sec 2 x  tan x.e   (2 x)
2 1  x2
1
=  2
( x log x ) log 2 1 x 2 x tan x 
=e sec x  
 1  x2 
 1  x2 
23. y = log  2 
1 x  e 2 x  e 2 x
28. y
e 2 x  e2 x
dy 1 (1  x 2 ) (0  2 x)  (1  x 2 ) (0  2 x)
 = . dy 1
dx 1 x 
2
(1  x 2 ) 2   2 x 2 x 2 (e2 x  e2 x ).2(e 2 x  e2 x )
 2  dx (e  e )
1 x 
1  2 x  2 x3  2 x  2 x3  (e 2 x  e 2 x ).2(e 2 x  e 2 x ) 
= 
(1  x )
2
(1  x 2 ) 8
=
dy 4 x (e2 x  e2 x )2
 =
dx 1  x 4
2)
29. y  log x.e (tan x  x
d d
24. [cos(1  x 2 ) 2 ]   sin(1  x 2 ) 2  (1  x 2 )2  dy 2 1 2 d
dx dx   e(tan x  x ) .  log x  e(tan x  x ) . (tan x  x 2 )
d dx x dx
  sin(1  x 2 )2 .2(1  x 2 ). (1  x 2 ) 2 1 2
dx  e(tan x  x ) .  log x.e(tan x  x ) (sec 2 x  2 x)
  sin(1  x 2 ) 2 . 2(1  x 2 ).( 2 x) x
2 1 
 4 x(1  x 2 )sin(1  x 2 )2 = e(tan x  x )   (sec 2 x  2 x) log x 
x 
d x
25. e log(1  x 2 )  30. H(x) = G[F(x)]
dx x
1 d = e e
 log(1  x ).e  e .
2 x x
 (1  x 2 ) x
1  x dx2
 H(x) =  e x . e e
ex  H(0) =  e0 . e e
0
 e x log(1  x 2 )  .2 x
1  x2 =  e1
 2x  1
 e x log(1  x 2 )  = 
 1  x 2  e
435
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
31. h(x) = f(g(x)) 
2

1 sin 1 x 36. y  5 x(1  x) 3

 cos 2 (2 x  1)
 h(x) = f(sin x) = e ....(i) 5 2
dy 2  d 
d 1  = 5x. (1  x) 3 . (1  x)  5(1  x) 3
 h(x) = e sin 1 x
.
dx
 sin 1 x  = e sin 1 x
. dx 3 dx
1  x2 d
 2cos(2 x  1). [cos(2 x  1)]
h ( x) 1 dx
  ....[From (i)]
h( x) 1  x2 10 x 5
= 5
 2
32. At x = 1, f(x) is not defined. 3(1  x) 3
(1  x) 3
For x  R {1}, 2 [2cos(2x + 1) sin(2x + 1)]
  5  2x 
= 2 
 1  2sin(4 x  2)
  1   1  3(1  x ) 
g(x) = f f f  x   f f    f   (1  x) 3 
 
  1  x    1  1 
 1 x  ...[ 2sincos = sin2]
x 1 5(3  x)
= f 
1
 =x =  2sin(4 x  2)
 x  x 1 5
1 3(1  x) 3
x
 g(x) = 1 for all x  R  {1} 37. y = f (x2 + 2)
dy
2x 1  = f (x2 + 2).(2x)
33. Let t  . Then, y = f(t) dx
x2  1
 dy  2
dy dt d  2x 1     = f (1 + 2).(2 1)
  f (t).  sin t 2 .  2   dx  x  1
dx dx dx  x  1 
= f (3).2 = 5.2 = 10
.... [ f   x  = sin x2 (given)]
log(log x)
 ( x 2  1)(2  0)  (2 x  1)(2 x  0) 
2
38. f ( x)  log x (log x) 
= sin t   log x
 ( x 2  1) 2 
1 d 1
2 log x.   log x   log  log x  .
2 x 2  2 x  2  2x 1  log x dx x
 .sin  2   f ( x) 
( x  1)
2 2
 x 1   log x 
2

34. f 1 (x) = g(x) 1 1

 log(log x )
 x = f  g(x )  = x x
(log x ) 2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
f   g(x)  g(x) = 1 1
0
e 1
1  1   f (e)  
  g( x) = 1 ...  f ( x)  1 2
e
1   g( x)
4
 1  x 4 
39. f(x) = 1  cos 2 ( x 2 )
 g(x) = 1 +  g( x)
4

1
 f (x) = .(2 cos x2).(– sin x2).(2x)
g (x) =  f (2f ( x)  2) 2 1  cos ( x )
2 2 2
35.
 g(x) = 2 [f (2f (x) + 2)] . [f (2f (x) + 2)]  x sin 2 x 2
 f (x) =
= 2 [(2f (x) + 2] f [2f (x) + 2] . 2f (x) 1  cos 2 ( x 2 )
 g(0) = 2 [f (–2 + 2)] f [2f (0) + 2] . 2(1)  2 
= 2 [ f (0)] (1) 2     2 .sin 4 
2
.1 
 f      =–
= 4 (–1)  2  2  3 6
1  cos
= –4 4 2

436
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

sin 2 x cos 2 x 45. y = sec(tan1 x)

40. f(x) = +
1  cot x 1  tan x dy 1
 = sec(tan1 x) tan(tan1 x).
2 2 dx 1 x 2
sin x (sin x) cos x(cos x)
=  x
sin x  cos x cos x  sin x = 1  x2 .
1 x 2
sin 3 x  cos3 x
= ….[ tan1 x = sec1 1  x 2 ]
sin x  cos x
 sin 2 x  sin x cos x  cos 2 x x
=
1+ x 2
...  a 3  b3  (a  b)(a 2  ab  b 2 ) 
1  
= (sin 2 x  cos 2 x )  (2sin x cos x)  3 
2  6x x   6 x2 
46. Let y = tan1  3 
= tan1 
1  3 2 
=1 .sin 2x  1  9x  1   3 x 2  
2    
   
 
 f (x) =  cos 2x  f    =  cos   = 0  
 
4 2  3 
 2 3x2 
1 x  = tan1  3 2 
d d
41. tan–1   = [tan–1(1) – tan–1(x)] 1   3 x 2  
dx 1 x  dx
   
1 1    
=0– = 3
1 x 2
1  x2
= 2 tan1 3x 2
 a x dy 2 3 1 9
42. y = tan 1   = tan
–1
a – tan–1 x  =  3  x2 = x
 1  ax  dx  2
3 2 2
1  9 x3
1 3x 
1 d

dy  0  .  x= – 1 . 1  
dx 1  ( x ) dx
2
(1  x) 2 x Comparing with x g(x), we get
 sin x  cos x   1  tan x  9
43. y = tan–1  –1 g(x) =
 = tan   1  9 x3
 cos x  sin x   1  tan x 
 π  π 47. y = e m sin
1 x
….(i)
= tan–1  tan   x   = +x
 4  4 dy m sin 1 x m
dy  =e 
 =1 dx 1  x2
dx
dy
 1  x2  my ….[From (i)]
 a cos x  b sin x 
1 dx
44. y = tan  
 b cos x + a sin x 
2
 dy 
 (1  x2 )    m 2 y 2
 a   dx 
 b  tan x  2
= tan 1
  A=m
 1  a tan x 
 b  48. Putting x = sin A and x = sin B, we get
a
= tan 1    tan 1  tan x 
–1
y = sin (sin A 1  sin 2 B  sin B 1  sin 2 A)
b
 sin 1 (sin A cos B  sin Bcos A)
a dy
 y = tan 1    x   1
b dx = sin–1[sin(A+B)]=A + B = sin–1 x + sin–1 x
437
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
dy 1 1 1  x x
   .
51. y = tan–1   = tan–1 ( x ) – tan–1 (x)
1  x  2 x
dx 1  x2 2
 3

 1 x2 
1 1
=  1 1 1
1 x 2
2 x  x2  y = . 
1  x 2 x 1  x2
 x   1 x  1 1 1 1
49. y = tan–1   + sin  2 tan
1
  y(1) = .  
 1 1  x 2   1  x  2 2 2 4
 
Put x = cos    = cos–1 x  1  x2  1 
52. y = tan1  
 cosθ   1 1  cos θ
  x 
 y = tan–1   + sin  2 tan   
 1  sin θ   1  cosθ 
Put x = tan    = tan1x
 θ  θ   1  tan 2   1   sec 1 
 1  tan 2   2sin 2
2
  y = tan1   = tan1  
= tan–1   + sin  2 tan 1   tan    tan  
θ  
 1  tan θ   2cos 2 
 2  2 
   1  cos  
= tan1  
  π θ   1  θ   sin  
= tan–1  tan     + sin  2 tan  tan 2  
  4 2       
 2sin 2
π θ = tan1  2 

 2sin  cos  
= – + sin
4 2
 2 2
π cos 1 x
= – + sin(cos–1 x)    1
4 2 = tan 1  tan  = = tan1x
 2 2 2
=
π
4
–
cos 1 x
2

+ sin sin 1 1  x 2   y =
1
2(1  x 2 )
π cos 1 x
= – + 1  x2
4 2 1 1
 y(1) = =
dy 1 (2 x) 2 1  1  4
2

 = +
dx 2 1 x 2
2 1 x 2 x
 1
1  2x 53. y  1  
=  x
2 1  x2
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get

50. Put xx = tan    = tan1 (xx)  1

log y  x log 1  
 tan 2   1   x
 f(x) = cot1   Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
 2 tan  
= cot1 (cot 2)
1 dy  1 1  1 
  log 1    x   
y dx  x 1  2
=   cot1(cot 2) 1  x 
x
 f(x) =   2 =   2tan1(xx)
1 dy  1 1
2    log 1   
 f (x)  .x x (1  log x) y dx  x  1 x
1  x2 x
x
2 dy  1    1 1 
 f (1) = .11  0  = 1   1   log 1  x   1  x 
1  12 dx  x     

438
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
54. y = (sin x)tan x 58. y   (tan x ) tan x 
tan x

Taking logarithm on both sides, we get

log y = tan x.log (sin x) Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get log y = tan x log(tan x )tan x
1 dy  log y = (tan x)2 log (tan x)
  tan x.cot x  log  sin x  .sec2 x Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
y dx
1 dy 1
dy   (tan x ) 2   sec 2 x
  (sin x) tan x 1  sec2 x log  sin x   y dx tan x
dx
e 2 x cos x  log(tan x).2 tan x.sec2 x
55. y dy  tan x tan x
x sin x    tan x   .tan x sec2 x [1 + 2log(tan x )]
dx  
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
log y = 2x + log (cos x)  log x  log (sin x)  dy 
 2  (1  0)  2
2

Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

      1.1.
 dx  x  
  sin x  1 cos x  4
1 dy
 2  
y dx  cos x  x sin x 59. y = 1 + x ey .…(i)
2x
dy e cos x  sin x 1 cos x  dy dy
  = ey.1+ x. ey.
 2     dx dx
dx x sin x  cos x x sin x 
dy
2 1 1 cot 2 x   (1 – x ey) = ey
= e2 x  cot x   2 cot x   dx
x x x x 
dy
e2 x  (2  y) = ey .…[From (i)]
= 2  2 x cot x  cot x  x(1  cot 2 x)  dx
x
dy ey
e2 x  =
= 2 [(2 x  1) cot x  x cosec 2 x] dx 2  y
x
56. y = {f(x)}(x) 60. xy = 1 + log y
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
log y =  (x) log {f(x)} dy 1 dy
x. + y.1 = 
 y = e(x) log f(x) dx y dx
dy d dy
 = e(x) log f(x) [( x)log f ( x)]  (xy – 1) + y2 = 0
dx dx dx
 k = xy – 1
(x) log f(x)  f ( x) 
=e  ( x )   log f ( x).( x) 
 f ( x)  61. tan1 (x2 + y2) = 
 x2 + y2 = tan 
57. y = (x log x)log (log x) Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy dy  x
log y = log (log x)[log x + log (log x)] 2x + 2y =0 =
dx dx y
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy 1  1 
  log x  log  log x    
sin 1 t 2 1 sec1  
 
cos1 t 2 1
y dx x log x 
 t 2 1 
62. y= e and x = e =e

1 1   
+ log  log x    
 xy = e 2 ….  sin 1 x  cos 1 x  
 x x log x   2
dy  1 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 = (x log x)log (log x)   log x  log  log x   dy
dx  x log x x  y.1  0
dx
1 1  
 log  log x     
dy  y

 x x log x   dx x
439
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
63. 2x2  3xy + y2 + x + 2y  8 = 0 68. yy = x sin y
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
 dy  dy dy y log y = log x + log (sin y)
4x 3 x   y  + 2y + 1 + 2 =0 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 dx  dx dx
1 dy dy 1 1 dy
dy y. .  log y. =   cos y 
 (3x + 2y + 2) + 4x  3y + 1 = 0 y dx dx x sin y dx
dx
dy 3 y  4 x  1 dy 1
 =  (1 + log y  cot y) =
dx 2 y  3x  2 dx x
dy 1
 =
64. y sec x + tan x + x2 y = 0 dx x (1  log y  cot y )
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy  x2  y 2 
sec x.  y.sec x tan x  sec 2 x  y.2 x  x 2 .  0 69. log10  2 2 
=2
dx dx x y 
dy 2 xy  sec 2 x  y sec x tan x x2  y 2
   = 102
dx x 2  sec x x2  y2
 x2  y2 = 100 x2 + 100 y2
65. If y = f ( x)  f ( x)  f ( x)  ... ,
 99x2 + 101y2 = 0
dy f '( x) Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
then 
dx 2 y  1  dy 
99(2x) + 101  2 y   0
dy 1  dx 
 =
dx 2 y 1 dy 99 x
 
dx 101 y
66. xy = exy
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get  x3  y 3 
y log x = x  y 70. log10  3 3  = 2
 x y 
x
y= x3  y 3
1  log x  = 102
x3  y 3
1  log x  .1  x  0 
1
  x3 – y3 = 100 x3 + 100y3
dy  x
 =  99x3 = –101y3 ...(i)
dx (1  log x) 2 Differentating w.r.t. x, we get
log x dy
= 99(3x2) = –101 (3y2)
(1  log x) 2 dx
dy 99 x 2
 =
67. xpyq = (x + y)p+q dx 101 y 2

Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy  101y 3  1

 =  × ...[From (i)]
dx  x  101y 2
p log x + q log y = (p + q)log(x + y)
dy y
 =
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get dx x
p q dy pq  dy   x2  y 2 
+  = 1   71. cos1  2 2 
= log a
x y dx x y  dx  x y 
dy y x2  y 2
 =  = cos (log a)
dx x x2  y2
440
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  x  dy 1
  x cos( xy )  2  1  2 x   y cos( xy )
 dy   dy   y  dx y
( x2 + y 2 )  2 x  2 y   ( x2  y 2 )  2 x  2 y 
 dx   dx 
0
( x 2 + y 2 )2 dy y[2 xy  y 2 cos( xy )  1]
 
 dy  2  dy  dx xy 2 cos( xy )  y 2  x
(x2 + y2)  2 x  2 y 2
  (x  y )  2 x  2 y  =0
 dx   dx 

 4xy2  4x2y
dy
=0
75. y x 2  1  log  x2  1  x 
dx
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy 1
 4xy2 = 4x2y . x 2  1  y. .2 x
dx dx 2 x2  1
dy y 1  1 
 = =  .2 x  1 
dx x
x 1  x  2 x 1
2 2

72. sin y = x sin(a + y) dy xy
 x2  1  
dx x2  1
sin y
x=
sin (a  y ) 1 x  x2  1
 
x2  1  x x2  1
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
dy 1
dy dy  ( x 2  1)  xy  x 2  1 
sin(a  y ).cos y  sin y.cos(a  y ) dx x2  1
1 = dx dx
sin 2 (a  y ) dy
 ( x 2  1)  xy  1  0
dy dx
.sin  a  y  y 
 1 = dx 2 xe xy  y  sin 2 x
sin  a  y  76. ...(i)
dy sin 2 (a  y ) When x  0 , y  0
 = Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x, we get
dx sin a
 dy  dy
e xy  xe xy  x  y    2sin x cos x
73. cos y = x cos(a + y)  dx  dx
cos y Putting x  0, y  0 , we get
x=
cos  a  y  dy
Differetiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 1
dx
dy dy
 cos  a  y  sin y  cos y sin  a  y 
dx dx 77. 2x + 2y = 2x+y
1=
cos 2  a  y  Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy  dy 
sin  a  y  y  2x(log2) + 2y(log2) = 2(x + y).(log2) 1  
 1 = dx 2 dx  dx 
cos  a  y 
dy  dy 
dy cos 2  a  y   2 x + 2y = 2x + y + 2 x + y  
 = dx  dx 
dx sin a
dy y
 (2 – 2 x + y) = 2 x + y – 2x
x dx
74. sin( xy )   x2  y
y dy 2 x+y  2 x
 = y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get dx 2  2 x+y

 dy   1  dy 1 dy  dy  22  2 2
cos( xy )  y  x   x   2    2 x     = = = –1
 dx   y  dx y dx  dx  x  y 1 2  2 2 2

441
 Chapter 07: Line
 The distance of point from the line is x y 1 z  2
38. = =
  1 2 3
2
   a .b 
2
d a   Any point on the line is P (, 2 + 1, 3 + 2)
 b  Given point is A (1, 6, 3)
 
 the d.r.s of the line AP are
88 46 23  – 1, 2 + 1 – 6, 3 + 2 – 3
= 11  = =
10 10 5   – 1, 2 – 5, 3 – 1
Since, AP is perpendicular to the given line,
37. Let A  (2, 4, – 1)
(1)( – 1) + (2)(2 – 5) + (3)(3 – 1 ) = 0
x5 y3 z6
Let = = =    1 + 4   10 + 9  3 = 0
1 4 9
 14  14 = 0   = 1
Any point on the line is
 P  (1, 3, 5)
P  ( – 5, 4 – 3, – 9  + 6)
The d.r.s. of the line AP are  AP = (1  1) 2  (6  3) 2  (3  5) 2 = 13
2 –  + 5, 4 – 4 + 3, – 1 + 9 – 6
Since, AP is perpendicular to the given line, 40. First line passes through
1(2   + 5) + 4(4  4 + 3)  9(1 + 9  6) = 0 (x1, y1, z1) = (4, 1, 0) and has d.r.s
 2 –  + 5 + 16 – 16 + 12 + 9 – 81 + 54 = 0 a1, b1, c1 = 1, 2, 3
 98 – 98 = 0   = 1 Second line passes through
The point P is (1 – 5, 4 – 3, –9 + 6)  (4, 1, 3) (x2, y2, z2) = (1, 1, 2) and has d.r.s
a2, b2, c2 = 2, 4, 5
 2   4     4  1   1  3
2 2 2
AP =  Shortest distance between them is
= 36  9  4 = 7 x2  x1 y2  y1 z 2  z1
Alternate method: a1 b1 c1
Since the point is (2, 4, 1) d=
a2 b2 c2
 a = 2, b = 4, c = 1  b1c2  b 2c1    c1a 2  c2a1    a1b 2  a 2b1 
2 2 2

Given equation of line is

x5 y3 z6 1  4 1  1 2  0
  1 2 3
1 4 9
Comparing with 2 4 5
d=
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
 10  12    6  5
2 2
  ,  (4  4) 2
a b c
x1 = 5, y1 = 3, z1 = 6 3  2   0  2  0  6
= =
d.r.s. are 1, 4, 9 5 5
1 4 9 Alternate method:
 d.c.s. are , ,
98 98 98 Shortest distance between the lines
 Perpendicular distance of point from the line is r1 = a1   b1 and r 2 = a 2  b2 is given by
(a  x1 ) 2  (b  y1 ) 2  (c  z1 ) 2 
d=
a 2 
 a1  b1  b 2 
  (a  x1 )l  (b  y1 )m  (c  z1 )n 
2
b1  b 2
(2  5)  (4  3)  (1  6) 
2 2 2

Here a1 = 4 î – ĵ, a 2 = î – ĵ + 2 k̂
  1 4 9 
2

 (2  5)  (4  3)  (1  6)  b1 = î + 2 ĵ – 3 k̂ , b 2 = 2 î + 4 ĵ – 5 k̂
 98 98 98 
Now a 2 – a1 = – 3 î + 2 k̂
98  98 ˆi ˆj kˆ
 49  49  49 
98
b1  b 2 = 1 2 3 = 2 î – ĵ
= 49
2 4 5
=7
323
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

88. x = a(t  sin t) and y = a(1 cos t) 91. Let y = (logx)x and z = logx
dx dy  log y = x log(log x)
 = a(1  cos t) and = a sin t Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
dt dt
dy t t 1 dy 1
2a sin cos  = log(log x) +
dy dt a sin t 2 2 y dx log x
  = =
dx dx a(1  cos t) t dy  1 
2a sin 2
dt 2 
dx
= (log x)x  log  log x   log x 
 
t
= cot z = logx
2
dz 1
 =
89. x = 2 cos   cos 2 and y = 2 sin   sin 2 dx x
dx dy
 = 2 sin  + 2 sin 2 and
d d y dx  1 
 
dz dz
= x(log x)x  log  log x   log x 
dy  
= 2 cos   2 cos 2 dx
d
dy  x 
dy d cos   cos 2 92. Let y  tan 1  2 
and z = sin1 x
 = = 1 1 x 
dx dx sin 2  sin 
d Put x = sin    = sin1x
3   sin  
2sin sin  y = tan1  
= 2 2  1  cos  
3 
2cos sin   
2 2 = tan 1  tan  
 2 2
3
= tan sin 1 x
2 =
2
2t 2t dy 1 dz 1
90. sin x = , tan y =   and 
1 t 2
1  t2 dx 2 1 x 2 dx 1  x2
Putting t = tan  in both equations, we get dy
2 tan θ dy 1
sin x =   dx 
1  tan 2 θ dz dz 2
 sin x = sin 2 dx
 x = 2 93. Let u = cos1 (2x2 – 1) and v = cos1 x
dx Putting x = cos  in both equations, we get
 =2
dθ u = cos1 (2 cos2  – 1)
2 tan θ u = cos1 (cos 2)
tan y =
1 tan 2 θ = 2
 tan y = tan 2 v = cos1 (cos )
 y = 2 =
dy du dv
 =2  = 2 and =1
dθ dθ dθ
 dy   du 
dy    
dθ
=   =1
du dθ
=   =2
dx  dx  dv  dv 
   
 dθ   dθ 
443
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1
 1  x2  1  97. f(x) = x tan x
94. Let y  tan  1
 and z = tan1 x
 x   log f(x) = tan–1x log x
 
Put x = tan    = tan1 x 1 log x tan 1 x
 f  (x) = 
 sec   1  f  x 1  x2 x
 y = tan1  
 tan   1 x  log x tan 1 x 
 f(x) = x tan   
 1  cos   1  x
2
x 
= tan1  
 sin    1 
   tan 1 x g(x) = sec–1  2 
  2x  1 
= tan1  tan  = 
 2 2 2  g(x) = cos–1(2x2 – 1)
dy 1 dz 1 Put x = cos   = cos–1x
  and 
dx 2(1  x ) 2
dx 1  x 2  g(x) = cos–1(2cos2 – 1)
dy = cos–1(cos2)
d y dx 1 = 2
  
dz dz 2  g(x) = 2cos–1x
dx 2
 g(x) =
95. Let y = sin 1 2x 1 x 2
 1  x2
1 3 Now,
and z = sin (3x  4x )
1  log x tan 1 x 
Put x = sin    = sin1 x x tan x  
f  x 1  x
2
x 
 y = sin1  2sin  1  sin 2   and =
g  x  2
z = sin 1 (3sin   4sin 3 ) 1  x2
 y = sin 1  sin 2  and z = sin 1  sin 3  1 1  log x tan 1 x 
1 1 =  1  x 2 x tan x   
 y = 2 = 2 sin x and z = 3 = 3sin x 2 1  x
2
x 
dy 2 dz 3
  and  c
dx 1  x2 dx 1  x2 98. x = ct and y =
t
dy
dy dx 2 dx dy c
    = c and = 2
dz dz 3 dt dt t
dx c
dy 2 1
 = t = 2
1  
x dx c t
96. Let y = tan  
 1 x 
2
 dy  1 1
   = 2 =
and z = sin1 (3x  4x3)  dx (t  2) 2 4
Put x = sin    = sin1 x
 sin   99. y = a sin3  and x = a cos3 
 y = tan1   dy dx
 1  sin  
2
 = 3a sin2  cos  and = 3a cos2  sin 
d d
= tan1 (tan ) =  = sin1 x and
dy
z = sin1 (3sin   4 sin3 )
dy d  sin 
= sin1 (sin 3) = 3 = 3 sin1 x  =  =  tan 
1 dx dx cos 
dy
d
dy dx 1
 1 x 
2
   dy  
dz dz 3 3     =  tan   3
dx  dx  3
1 x 2
3

444
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
100. x = e(sin – cos) 103. Let y = f(tan x) and z = g (sec x)
dx
 = e(cos + sin) + e(sin – cos) dy
d   f (tan x).sec2 x
dx
= 2esin
y = e(sin + cos) dz
dy and = g(sec x).sec x tan x
 = e(cos – sin) + e(sin + cos) dx
d
= 2e cos dy
dy dy dx f (tan x)
   .cosec x
dy 2e cos  dz dz g(sec x)
=  = d = cot dx
dx dx 2e sin 
d
 dy  f (1) 2 2 1
dy       . 2 

dx    
 4
=1  dz  x   g 2
 4
  4 2

101. Let y = log (sec  + tan ) and z = sec  104. y = A sin 5x …(i)
dy 1 dy
   (sec  tan   sec2 ) = sec   = 5 A cos 5x
d sec   tan  dx
dz
and = sec  tan  d2 y
d  = 25 A sin 5x
dx 2
dy
dy d sec  1 d2 y
    = cot   = 25 y …[From (i)]
dz dz sec  tan  tan  dx 2
d
 105. x = A cos 4t + B sin 4t
 dy 
     cot  1 dx
 dz  4  = –4A sin4t + 4B cos4t
4
dt
 1  d2 x
102. Let y  sec 1  2  and z  1  x
2
 = –16A cos 4t – 16B sin 4t
 2x  1  dt 2
1 2
 y = cos (2x  1) = –16 (A cos 4t + B sin 4t)
Put x = cos    = cos1x
= –16x
 y = cos1( 2 cos2  1)
= cos1(cos2) = 2 = 2cos1 x
x2 y2
dy 2 106.  =1
  a2 b2
dx 1  x2
dz 2 x x  b2x2 + a2y2 = a2b2
and  
dx 2 1  x 2 1  x2 Differentiating w.r.t x, we get

dy dy
2b2x + 2a2y =0
dy dx 2 dx
  
dz dz x dy
dx  2a2y = –2b2x
dx
 dy  dy b 2  x 
   1   4  = 2  
 dz  x   dx a  y
 2

445
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 dy 
 sin x 
1 2

 yx dy sin 1 x
b dx 
2 2
d y 111. y=  =
 2
= 2  2  2 dx 1  x2
dx a  y 
  dy
 1  x2 = sin–1x
b 
2
 b2 x   dx
= 2 2  y  x  2  d2 y dy   x  1
a y   a y   1  x2 2 +   =
dx dx  1  x 2  1  x2
b2  a 2 y 2  b2 x2 
= 2 2    (1 – x2)y2 – xy1 = 1
a y  a2 y 
112. y = cos1x  y = (cos1x)2
b2 a 2 b2
= 2 2  2
a y a y dy 2cos 1 x
 =
b4 dx 1  x2
=
a 2 y3 2 x cos 1 x
2
107. y = log (log x) d2 y 1  x2
 =
dy 1 dx 2 1  x2
 =
dx x log x dy
2 x
d2 y dx
d2 y 1  2 =
 = [1 + log x] dx 1  x2
 x log x 
2
dx
d2 y dy
 (1  x2) x =2
e 1
x
1 dx 2
dx
108. Let y = x
= 1 + x = 1 + ex
e e 113. r = a.e (cot  )  r = a 2 .e 2 (cot  )
dy
 = ex dr
dx  = a2 . e 2  (cot  ) .2 cot 
d
d2 y 1
 = ex = x
dx 2
e dr
 = 2a2 cot .e2(cot  )
109. y = (tan–1 x)2 d
dy 2 tan 1 x d2r
 =  = 4a2 cot2 .e 2 (cot  )
dx 1  x2 d2
dy
 (1 + x2) = 2tan–1 x d2r
dx   4r cot2 
dy d2 y 2 d2
 (2x) + (1 + x2) 2 =
dx dx 1  x2 = 4a2 cot 2 .e2 (cot  )  4a2 cot 2 .e2 (cot  ) = 0
d2 y dy
 (x2 + 1)2 2 + 2x(x2 + 1) =2
dx dx 2  ab x
114. y = tan-1  tan 
110. y = (sin1 x)2 a 2  b2  ab 2

dy 2sin 1 x dy 2 1
 = ….(i)  =
dx 1  x2
dx a  b 1   a  b  tan 2 x
2 2
 
ab 2
d2 y 1  x.sin 1 x.(1  x 2 ) 1/2 
 = 2   ab x1
dx 2  1  x2  × sec2  
ab 2 2
d2 y x
 (1  x2) = 2 1  x.sin 1 x.(1  x 2 ) 1/ 2  sec 2
dx 2 1 2
= ×
d2 y dy ab ab 2 x
 (1  x2) x =2 ….[From (i)] 1   tan
dx 2
dx ab 2

446
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
x 117. x = f (t) and y = g (t)
dy sec 2
 = 2 dx dy
x  = f (t) and = g(t)
dx
 a  b    a  b  tan 2 dt dt
2 dy
 2 x  x x x dy g(t)
 a  b    a  b  tan 2   sec 2 sec 2 tan 2   = dt =
dx d x f (t)
x x x
 sec 2  a  b  tan sec 2  dt
d2 y 2 2 2
 = d2 y f (t).g(t)  g (t).f (t) dt
dx 2
2
 2 x  = 
  a  b    a  b  tan dx 2
[f (t)]2 dx
2 
a  b  a  b  2  2 1  =
f (t).g(t)  g (t).f (t) 1

[f (t)]2 f ( x)
 2  a  b 
 2  
2 2
 f (t).g(t)  g(t) f (t)
d y 
2

 2 = =
[f (t)]3
a  b  a  b
2
 dx    
 
 4

4a  4  a  b  118. y = (x + 1  x 2 )n ….(i)
=
4a 2
 x 
dy
4b b  = n(x + 1  x 2 )n–1. 1  
= = 2 dx  1  x2 
2
4a a
 
n
dx dy dy n x  1  x2
115. Here, = 1, =2 ....(i)  =
ds ds dx 1  x2
d2 x d2 y
and 2 = 0, 2 = 0
ds
Now, u = x2 + y2
ds
....(ii)
 1  x2
dy
dx

= n(x + 1  x 2 )n

du dx dy Again, differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get

 = 2x. + 2y.  x 
d 2 y dy 
ds ds ds 1  x2 . 2 + . 1  x2 
2
d u  dx 
2
 d2 x   dy 
2
 d2 y  dx dx  
 = 2    2 x  2  2    2 y  2
ds 2  ds   ds   ds   ds   x 
From (i) and (ii), we get = n2(x + 1  x 2 )n–1 1  
 1  x2 
d2u
= 2(1) + 0 + 2(4) + 0 = 10 d2 y dy
ds 2  (1 + x2) +x = n2(x + 1  x 2 )n
2
dx dx
116. x = at2
dx d2 y dy
 = 2at  (1 + x2) 2
+x = n 2y ….[From (i)]
dt dx dx
y = 2at
119. x2y3 = (x + y)5
dy
 = 2a ...(i) Taking logarithm on both sides,we get
dt
dx 2at dx 2logx + 3logy = 5log (x + y)
 =  =t
dy 2a dy Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
d  dx  d 2 3 dy 5  dy 
 +  = 1  
  = (t) x y dx x y  dx 
dy  d y  dy
d2 x dt dy 3 5  5 2
 2
=     = –
dy dy dx  y x y x y x
d2 x 1 dy y
 = ...[From (i)]  = ….(i)
dy 2 2a dx x
447
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
dy  2 y  dy 2  2 x 
d 2 y x dx  y 5 1  x 2   dx  5 1  y  2 
 2 1 y  2 1 x 
2

2
= d y 
dx 2 x2  =
 1  x2 
2
dx 2
 y
x   y
5 y 1  x 2 dy 5 x 1  y
2
d2 y d2 y
 2 = x ….[From (i)]  1  x 2  2 =  
dx x2 dx 1  y 2 dx 1  x2
d2 y d2 y dy

dx 2
=0  1  x 2  2 = 25 y + x ...[From (i)]
dx dx
2
d y dy
120. x = sin t and y = sin pt  1  x 2  2  x = 25y
dx dx
dx
  cos t
dt 122. y = e x  e  x

dy dy e x e x
and  p cos pt   
dt dx 2 x 2 x
dy
dy dt p cos pt

dy

1
dx 2 x
e x  e  x

  
dx dx cos t d2 y 1  e x e  x  (e x – e x )  1 
dt  2
      3/ 2 
dx 2 x 2 x 2 x  2  2x 

dy p 1  y  e  e
2
d2 y e x x
e x x
  ….(i)   
dx 1  x2 dx 2 4x 4x x
2
d y 1 dy e x
 e x
e x
 e x 
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  x  .  x  
dx 2
2 dx  4x 4x x
 
 –2y  dy  –2x 
p 1– x 2 
 2 1– y 2
 – p 1– y 2 
 dx  1  e x  e x 
d2 y  
2
 2 1–x    
= 2  2 x 
dx 2  1  x2 
2

e x
 e x
e x
 e x
e x
 e x
=  
d2 y 1  x 2 dy 1  y2 4 4 x 4 x
 (1  x 2 )   p y   px
dx 2 1  y 2 dx 1  x2 e x
 e x
=
4
d2 y dy
 (1  x 2 )  p 2 y  x ….[From (i)] d 2 y 1 dy 1
dx 2
dx  x  . = y ....[From (i)]
dx 2 2 dx 4
d2 y dy
 (1  x 2 ) 2
 x  p2 y = 0 123. x = 2at2 and y = at4
dx dx
dx dy
 = 4at and = 4at3
121. x = cos  and y = sin 5 dt dt
dx dy dy
 = sin and = 5 cos 5 dy
d d   dt = t2
dy dx dx
dy d 5cos5 dt
 = = 2
dx dx sin  d y dt 1 1
 = 2t. = 2t. =
d dx 2
dx 4at 2a
dy 5 1  y2 d y
2
1
  ….(i)   2 =
dx 1  x2  dx (t  2) 2a

448
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 188 351 195   492 = 196

 P  , ,   2 = 4   =  2
 110 110 110 
2 2 2
 The points are (14, 1, 5) and (– 10, – 7, – 7)
 188   351   195   The point nearer to the origin is (10, 7, 7).
 AP =  5   4    1  
 110   110   110 
27. Any point on the line
1 x+5 y +3 z6
= 131044  7921  93025 = = =  is given by
1102 1 4 9
2109 M  (  5, 4  3,  9 + 6).
=
110 P
(2, 4, 1)
x  11 y  2 z  8
24. Let = = =
10 4 11
Any point on the line is
P(10 + 11, – 4  – 2, – 11 – 8)
Let A  (2, – 1, 5)
The d.r.s. of the line AP are A B
(5, 3, 6) M
10 + 11 – 2, – 4 – 2 – (– 1), – 11 – 8 – 5
i.e., 10 + 9,  4  1, 11  13 The d.r.s. of PM are
Since, AP is perpendicular to the given line   7, 4  7, 9 + 7
 10(10 + 9) – 4(– 4 – 1) – 11(– 11 – 13) = 0 Since, PM is perpendicular to AM,
 100 + 90 + 16 + 4 + 121 + 143 = 0  1(  7) + 4 (4  7)  9( 9 + 7) = 0
 237 + 237 = 0   = – 1  98  98 = 0   = 1
 P  (1, 2, 3)  M = ( 4, 1,  3)
Now, Equation of perpendicular passing
 2  1   1  2    5  3
2 2 2
 AP =
through P(2, 4, 1) and M(4, 1, 3) is
= 1  9  4 = 14 x2 y4 z 1
= =
25. The given equation of line is 4  2 1 4 3  1
x 1 y 1 x2 y4 z 1
 z  = =
2 3 6 3 2
The co-ordinates of any point on the given line 28. The direction ratios are same. Also both lines
are (2 + 1,  3  1, ) pass through origin.
The distance of this point from the point  Given lines are coinciding lines.
(1,  1, 0) is 4 14 .
29. The lines can be rewritten as
 (2)2 + ( 3)2 + ()2 = (4 14) 2   =  4
r = ( î  2 ĵ + 3 k̂ ) + t( î + ĵ  k̂ ) and
 The co-ordinates of the required point are
(9,  13, 4) or ( 7, 11,  4) r = ( î  ĵ  k̂ ) + s( î + 2 ĵ  2 k̂ )
The point nearer to the origin is (7, 11, 4). Here, (x1, y1, z1) = (1, 2, 3)
(x2, y2, z2) = (1, 1, 1)
26. The equation of the line joining the points
(a1, b1, c1) = (1, 1, 1)
A(2, – 3, – 1) and B(8, – 1, 2) is
(a2, b2, c2) = (1, 2, 2)
x2 y3 z 1
= =  Shortest distance (d)
82 1  3 2  1
1  1 1  2 1  3
x2 y3 z 1
 = = = 1 1 1
6 2 3
Any point on the line is 1 2 2
d=
(6 + 2, 2 – 3, 3 – 1)  2  2 2   1  2 2   2  12
The distance of this point from the point
A(2, – 3, – 1) is 14 units. 0  1 3  4  3 9 3
= = =
 (6)2 + (2)2 + (3)2 = (14)2 3 2 3 2 2
328
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1x
a cos 1 z  1
129. y = and z = a cos x
y= 133. x = a  t   ....(i)
1+ a cos1x 1 z  t
 1
dy (1  z)1  z(1) 1 1 and y = a  t   ....(ii)
   = 1  t
dz (1  z) 2
(1  z) 2
(1  a cos x )2 Squaring (i) and (ii) and subtracting, we get
x2 – y2 = a2(– 4)  y2 – x2 = 4a2
 1 x  x
130. Let f(x) = cos 1  sin   x Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 2 
dy dy x
   1 x   x 2y – 2x = 0  =
= cos1 cos    + x dx dx y
  2 2  
134. 2y = sin1(x + 5y)
 1 x
=  + xx  sin 2y = x + 5y
2 2
1 1 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 f (x) =  . + xx (1 + log x)
2 2 1 x  dy   dy 
2 cos 2y   = 1 + 5 
1 3  
dx  dx 
 f (1) =  + 1 =
4 4 dy
 (2 cos 2y  5) = 1
dx
131. Since, g(x) is the inverse of f(x).
 fog(x) = x dy 1
 =
dx 2 cos 2 y  5
d d
 [fog(x)] = (x)
dx dx dx 1
Now, =
 f [g(x)].g(x) = 1 dy (dy / dx)
1
 .g(x) = 1 dx
1   g( x)  = 2 cos 2y  5
3
dy

 given  
1
….  f  ( x)  135. f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) for all x, y  R
 1 x 3

 g(x) = 1 + [g(x)]3 Putting x = 0 and y = 0, we get
f(0) = f(0) + f(0)  f(0) = 0
132. f(x) = tan1x
f (0  h)  f (0)
1 Now, f (0) = lim
 f (x) = h 0 h
1  x2
f (h)
1  f (0) = lim ....(i)
 f (x) = . 2x h 0 h
1  x  2 2

f ( x  h)  f ( x)
 f (x) = lim
Since, f (x) + f (x) = 0
h 0 h

1 f ( x)  f (h)  f ( x)
 
2x
=0 = lim
h 0 h
1 x 1  x 2 
2 2

f (h)
2  f (x) = lim = f (0) ....[From (i)]
 1 + x  2x = 0 h 0 h
x=1  f(x) = xf (0) + c
450
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
But, f(0) = 0 d d fn 1  x 
137. fn(x) = e
 c=0 dx dx
Let n = 3
Hence, f(x) = xf (0) for all x  R
d d f2  x 
Clearly, f(x) is everywhere continuous and  f3(x) = e
dx dx
differentiable and f (x) is constant for all x  R.
d
= e 2
f x
f2(x)
Hence, option (D) is incorrect. dx
d f1  x 
= e 2
f x
2 2 2 e
136. x + y = t + dx
t
d
= e 2  e 1
f x f x
Squaring on both sides, we get f1(x)
dx
4
x4 + y4 + 2x2y2 = t2 + +4 d x
= e 2   e 1
f x f x
t2 e
dx
 4 4 = ef2  x  e f1  x  e x
  t 2  2  + 2x2y2 = t2 + 2 + 4
 t  t
d
f3(x) = f3(x) f2(x) f1(x)
 x2y2 = 2 ....(i) dx
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get Similarly,
dy d
x2.2y + y2.2x = 0 fn(x) = fn(x) fn – 1(x) ... f1(x)
dx dx
dy
 x2 y = xy2 138. f (x) = f (–x) ….[ f(x) is an even function]
dx

dy  f (x) = – f (–x)
 x3 y = x2 y2
dx  f (0) = – f (0)
dy  2f (0) = 0
 x3y = 2 ....[From (i)]
dx  f (0) = 0

Evaluation Test

x  1  x  1  x  1  x  1
3 5 7
 x  1  x  1  x  1
3 5 7
1. y= + + + +…  x–1+ + + + ….
4 12 20 28 3 5 7
  x  1  x  1  x  1 
3 5 7
1
=  x  1     ....
4  3 5 7  1  1 x 1 
= log  
1   x  1 
2 3 4
x x x 2
Now, log(1 + x) = x – + – + ….
2 3 4
x 2 x3 x 4 x5
 log(1 – x) = – x  –   – …. 1  x 
2 3 4 5 = log  
2 2 x
1 x 
 log   = log(1 + x) – log(1 – x)
1 x 
1  x 
 x3 x5   y= log  
= 2  x    .... 8 2 x
 3 5 
451
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

dy 1  2  x    2  x 1  x  1  2 2 1 1
 =    When x = , cos x = cos = , |cos x| =
 3 3 2 2
2  x
2
dx 8  x   
2  x  x 2 3 3
1 2 x 1 and sin x = sin = , |sin x| =
=     = 3 2 2
8 x    2  x  
2
4x  2  x
 dy   3  1 
2. y = (cos x + i sin x) (cos 3x + i sin 3x)    2  = –1   + 1  
 dx  x   2   2 
….(cos(2n – 1)x + i sin(2n – 1)x) 3

Since, cos  + i sin  = ei 3 1

 y = eix  ei3x  ei5x …. ei(2n – 1)x =
2
= eix[1 + 3 + 5 + …. + (2n – 1)]
2
= ein x  1  2  n
5. y =  1    1   ….  1  
dy 2  x  x  x
 = in 2 ein x
dx dy  1   2   3   n
 =   2   1    1   ….  1  
d2 y 2
dx  x   x  x  x
 2
= i 2 n 4 ein x = – n4y
dx
 1  2   3  n
+ 1     2   1   ….  1  
 3x     x  x  x  x
3. y = f 
 5x  4   1  2  3   n
+  1    1     2  ….  1   + ….
 x  x  x   x
dy  3x    d  3x   
 = f     1 1
dx  5 x  4  dx  5 x  4  When x = –1, 1 + = 1 + =1–1=0
x  1
 3x      5 x  4  3  5  3x      Except 1st term all terms are 0.
= f    
 5x  4  5x  4  dy 
2
   = (–1) (–1) (–2) …. (1 – n)
 
 dx ( x 1)
 dy     12  5  = (–1)n (n – 1)!
   = f    
 dx  x 0  4   16 
 x
    12  5  1  x , x  0
= tan2     6. f (x) = 
 4   16   x , x0
1  x
 12  5 
= (1)2   x
 16  0
f ( x)  f (0) 1  x
 Lf (0) = lim = lim =1
12  5 x  0 x0 x 0 x
=
16 x
0
4. y = |cos x| + |sin x| Rf (0) = lim 1  x =1
x  0 x0
d x
Since, |x| =  f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 and f (0) = 1.
dx x
7. f(x) = sin(log x)
dy cos x d sin x d 1
 =  (cos x) +  (sin x)  f (x) = cos(log x)
dx cos x dx sin x dx x
cos x sin x  2x  3 
= (–sin x) + cos x y = f 
cos x sin x  3  2x 
452
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

dy  2x  3  d  2x  3  1

2
 = f     = sin 16x cos 16x
dx  3  2 x  dx
 3  2x  32 sin x
  2x  3   sin 32 x
= cos  log  =
 32sin x
  3  2x  
  3  2 x  2    2  2 x  3   3  2 x  1  sin x  32cos32 x  sin 32 x cos x 
 f (x) =
.    32  sin 2 x 

3  2x    2 x  3 
2

 1 
  2x  3    6  4x  4x  6    32 1  0 
= cos  log     1  2 
  f  =
  3  2x    3  2x   4  32  1 
2

1  
  2
2x  3
1 1 2
12   2 x  3  =   32  2 = = 2
= cos log   32 2 2
9  4x   3  2 x 
2

10. 1 + x4 + x8 = 1 + 2x4 + x8 – x4
d   x  1  1 = (1 + x4)2 – x4
8.  a tan 1 x  b log   = 4
dx   x  1  x  1 = (1 + x4 + x2) (1 + x4 – x2)
 x 1  1 x  x
4 8

 a tan–1 x + b log   = 1 – x2 + x4
 1  x2  x4
 x 1
d  1  x 4  x8  d
1   4 
= (1 – x2 + x4)
= 4 dx  1  x  x 
2
dx
x 1
1 = 4x3 – 2x = ax3 + bx
= 2  a = 4, b = –2
 x  1 x2  1 1 1

1  1 1  11. 2x = y 5 + y 5
=  2  2  dx
2  x 1 x 1 1
Let y = a 5
1 1  x 1  1 –1
=  log   – tan x 
1
1 1
2 2  x  1  2  y 5= ,  a+ = 2x
a a
1 1 2
 a=– ,b=  a – 2ax + 1 = 0
2 4
2 x  4 x2  4
1 1 1 1  a=
 a – 2b = – – 2   = – – = –1 2
2 4 2 2 1
 y = x + x2  1
5
9. f(x) = cos x cos 2x cos 4x cos 8x cos 16x
 
5
1 16  y = x  x2  1
=  (2 sin x cos x cos 2x cos 4x
32 sin x
dy
   1 
4
cos 8x cos 16x)  = 5 x  x2  1 1  2x 
dx  2 x 1 
2
1 16
=  (sin 2x cos 2x cos 4x cos 8x dy
  x  
4
32 sin x  x2  1 = 5 x  x2  1 x2  1
cos 16x) dx
= 5y
1 8
=  (sin 4x cos 4x cos 8x  dy 
2
32 sin x  (x2 – 1)   = 25y2
cos 16x)  dx 
2
1 4 2 2dy d 2 y  dy  dy
=  (sin 8x cos 8x cos 16x)  (x  1)   2 +   (2x) = 25  2y
32 sin x dx dx  dx  dx
453
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
x  2 2y  5 Given that the line passes through the point
4.  , z = 1 (– 3, 2, – 5)
2 3
5 x3 y2 z5
y  The equation of line is = =
x2 2 , z = 1 1 1 1
 
2 3
10. Here, (x1, y1, z1)  (a, b, c)
2
and (x2, y2, z2)  (a  b, b  c, c  a)
5
y Required equation of line is
x2 2 , z = 1
  xa yb zc
4 3 = =
 d.r.s of given line are 4, 3, 0 a ba bcb ca c
 d.c.s of the line are xa yb zc
i.e., = =
4 3 4 3 b c a
, ,0  , ,0
4 3
2 2
4 3
2 2 5 5 x 1 y  2 z 1
11. Given equation is  
5. d.r.s. of given line are 1, 1, 1 l m n
1 1 1 The equation of line passing through
 d.c.s. are , ,
3 3 3 (1, 2, 1) and (1, 0, 1) is
6. Given equation of line x = 4z + 3, y = 2 – 3z x 1 y  2 z 1
 
x 3 y2 1  1 0  2 1  1
z= ,z=
4 3 x 1 y  2 z  1
  
x 3 y2 z0 2 2 2
 Equation of line is = =
4 3 1 x 1 y  2 z 1
   ….(i)
d.r.s of line are 4, –3, 1 1 1 1
4 4 Comparing (i) with given equation, we get
 cos  = = ,
4  (3)  1
2 2 2
26 l = 1, m = 1, n = 1
3 1 12. Equation of line AB in vector form is
cos  = , cos  =
26 26 
r = 6a  4b  4c   4c  {6a  4b  4c} 
4 3 1
 cos  + cos  + cos  =
26
–
26
+
26 
 r = 6a  4b  4c   6a  4b  8c  ....(i)
2 Equation of line CD in vector form is
=
26 
r   a  2b  5c    a  2b  3c  {a  2b  5c} 
7. The given equation is
x  3 y  2 z 1
3
=
1
=
0

 r   a  2b  5c   2a  4b  2c  ....(ii)

The direction ratios of the above line are 3, 1, 0 The point of intersection of AB and CD will
satisfy
 n = cos  = 0   = 90
 The given straight line is perpendicular to r  r
Z-axis.  6a  4b  4c   (6a  4b  8c)
8. Let a, b, c be the direction ratios of the line.  a  2b  5c    ( 2a  4b  2c)
 a  b + c = 0 and ….(i)
a  3b = 0 ….(ii) Comparing the coefficients of a and b , we get
a b c 6  2 = 5 …(iii)
   2 + 2 = 3 …(iv)
3 1 2
 the direction ratios of the line are 3, 1, 2. 1
  = 1 and  =
9. If a line is equally inclined to axes, then 2
1 Substituting value of  in equation (i), we get
l=m=n= the point of intersection
3
 d.r.s. of the line are 1, 1, 1  Point of intersection r   4c i.e. point B.

330
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

x2  6  20. 1  x 6  1  y 6 = a3(x3  y3)

Given, y = x2f(x) =  8 x   10 
28  x 
Put x3 = sin  and y3 = sin 
1
 y= (8x3  6x + 10x2)
28  1  sin 2   1  sin 2  = a3(sin   sin )
dy 1
 = (24x2  6 + 20x)  cos  + cos  = a3(sin   sin )
dx 28
 dy  1 2 1    
   = (24  6  20) =  =  2 cos   cos  
 dx  x 1 28 28 14  2   2 
17. f(x3) = x5    
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get = a 3 .2sin   cos  
 2   2 
f (x3) . 3x2 = 5x4
5    3
 f (x3) = x2  cot  =a
3  2 
5     = 2 cot1 a3
 f (27) = f  (33) = (3)2 = 15
3  sin1 x3  sin1 y3 = constant
18. Since, g(x) is the inverse of f(x).
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get
 f[g(x)] = x
 f   g( x)  g ( x) = 1 3x 2 3y2 dy
  =0
 f   g(1)  g (1) = 1 1 x 6
1 y 6 dx
1
 g(1) = ….(i) dy x 2 1  y6
f (g(1))  =
dx y 2 1  x6
f(x) = x3 + ex/2
 f(0) = 1 21. Let f(x) = px2 + qx + r
 0 = f1(1)  f(1) = f(1)  p + q + r = p  q + r  q = 0
 g(1) = 0 ….[ g(x) = f1(x)(given)]
 f(x) = px2 + r
From (i), we get
 f (x) = 2px
1
g(1) =  f (a) = 2ap, f (b) = 2bp and f (c) = 2cp
f (0)
Now, f(x) = x3 + ex/2 Since, a, b, c are in A.P.
1  2ap, 2bp, 2cp are in A.P.
 f (x) = 3x2 + ex/2
2  f (a), f (b), f (c) are in A.P.
1
 f (0) =
2 dx
22. = sec  tan  + sin 
1 d
 g(1) = =2
1/ 2 dy
19. y = f(x3) and  n sec n 1  .sec  tan   n cos n 1  .( sin )
d
dy
 = f (x3).3x2 = 3x2 tan(x3) = n secn  tan   n cos n 1  sin 
dx
z = g(x5) dy
dy d n sec n  tan   n cos n 1  sin 
dz   
 = g (x5).5x4 = 5x4 sec(x5) dx dx sec  tan   sin 
dx
d
dy
dy 3x 2 tan x 3 3tan x 3 Dividing Nr and Dr by tan , we get
 = dx = =
dz dz 5 x 4 sec x 5 5 x 2 sec x 5 dy n(sec n   cos n )

dx dx sec   cos 
455
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
2 n 2
 dy  n (sec   cos )
n 2 sin 2 x cos x cos 2 x sin x sin 3x cos 2 x
    =  
(sec   cos )2 sin x sin 2 x sin x sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 3 x
 dx 
cos3x sin 2 x sin(n  1) x cos nx cos(n  1) x sin nx
n 2 [(sec n   cos n ) 2  4sec n  cos n ]   ....  
 sin 2 x sin 3x sin nx sin (n  1) x sin nx sin (n  1) x
(sec   cos ) 2  4sec .cos 
= cot x  cot 2x + cot 2x  cot 3x
n 2 ( y 2  4) + …. + cot nx  cot(n+ 1) x
=
x2  4  y = cot x  cot(n + 1)x
2
 dy  dy
 (x2 + 4)   = n2 (y2 + 4)  =  cosec2x  [ cosec2(n + 1)x] (n + 1)
 dx  dx
= (n + 1) cosec2(n + 1)x  cosec2x
x sin x cos x
a
23. f(x) = x 2
tan x  x3 26. If |r| < 1, a + ar + ar2 + …. +  =
1 r
2 x sin 2 x 5x
sin 2 x
1 sin x cos x  sin2x + sin4x + sin6x + …. =
1 sin 2 x
 f (x) = 2 x tan x  x3
sin 2 x
2 sin 2 x 5x = = tan2x
cos 2 x
x cos x cos x x sin x  sin x 2x
 y = e tan
+ x 2
sec x 2
x 3
+ x 2
tan x 3 x 2

2 x 2cos 2 x 5x 2 x sin 2 x 5 dy 2 2
 = e tan x .2 tan x sec2x = 2e tan x tan x sec2x
dx
1
sin x cos x
f ( x) tan x 27. y = tan1
1
+ tan1 2
1
 =2  x2
x x 1 x  x 2
x  3x  3
2 sin 2 x 5 x 1
+ tan1 + …. to n terms
1 cos x cos x 1 sin x  sin x x  5x  7
2

+ x sec x 2
x 3
+ x tan x 3x 2 1 1
= tan1 + tan1
2 2cos 2 x 5x 2 sin 2 x 5 1 (1  x) x 1 ( x+ 2) ( x+1)
1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 + tan1 + …. to n terms
f ( x) 1  ( x+ 3) ( x+ 2)
 lim = 2 1 0+ 0 1 0+ 0 0 0
x 0 x
2 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 5  ( x  1)  x   ( x  2)  ( x + 1) 
= tan1   + tan1  
=  2  2 + 0 = 4 1  ( x  1) x  1  ( x  2) ( x + 1) 
 ( x  3)  ( x  2) 
24. Since, g is the inverse of f. + tan1   + …. to n terms
 f[g(x)] = x 1  ( x  3) ( x + 2) 
Diff. w.r.t.x, we get = tan1(x + 1)  tan1 x + tan1(x + 2)
f (g(x)) g(x) = 1  tan1(x + 1) + tan1(x + 3)  tan1(x + 2)
1 + …. + tan1(x + n)  tan1(x + (n  1))
 g(x) = = 1 + [g(x)]5
f (g( x))  y = tan1(x + n)  tan1 x
dy 1 1
25. y=
sin x

sin x
 ... 
sin x  = 
sin x sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 3 x sin nx sin(n  1) x dx 1  ( x  n) 2
1  x2
sin(2 x  x) sin(3x  2 x) sin((n  1) x  nx)  dy  1 1  1  n2 n2
=   ...     =  1 = = 
sin x sin 2 x sin 2 x sin 3 x sin nx sin(n  1) x  dx  x  0 1  n2 1  n2 1  n2

456
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
28. y = a sin(bx + c) = cos2 (2a2 + 2b2) + sin2 (2a2 + 2b2)
  = (2a2 + 2b2) (cos2  + sin2 )
 y1 = a cos(bx + c).b = ab sin   bx  c 
 2  = 2a2 + 2b2
 y2 =  ab sin(bx + c).b = ab2 sin( + bx + c) = 2(a2 + b2)

 3  = 2c2 ….[ a2 + b2 = c2 (given)]

y3 =  ab2 cos(bx + c).b = ab3 sin   bx  c 
 2 
y4 =  ab3( sin(bx + c).b) = ab4 sin(2 + bx + c)
 4 
= ab4 sin   bx  c 
 2 
 n 
In general, yn = abn sin   bx  c 
 2 

29. f(x) = xn
f (x) = nxn1
f (x) = n(n  1) xn2
f ( x ) = n(n  1) (n  2)xn3
 f(1) = 1n = 1 = nC0
f (1) n(1) n 1
= = n = nC1
1! 1
f (1) n(n  1)(1) n  2 n(n  1) n
= = = C2
2! 2! 2!
f (1) n(n  1)(n  2)(1) n 3 n(n  1)(n  2)
= =
3! 3! 3!
= nC3
f (1) f (1) f (1) f n (1)
 f(1)  +  + ….+(1)n
1! 2! 3! n!
= nC0  nC1 + nC2  nC3 + …. + (1)n nCn
=0

30. p = a2cos2 + b2sin2

dp
 = a2.2 cos  ( sin ) + b2.2 sin  cos 
d
= (b2  a2) sin 2
d2p
 = 2(b2  a2) cos 2
d 2

= 2(b2  a2) (cos2  sin2 )

d2p
 4p + = 4a2 cos2 + 4b2 sin2 
d 2
+ 2(b2  a2) (cos2   sin2 )
= cos2 (4a2 + 2b2  2a2)
+ sin2 (4b2  2b2 + 2a2)
457
 Chapter 07: Line

A (1, 8, 4) Since, PM is perpendicular to the given line

whose d.r.s. are 3, 2, 2,
 3(3 + 5) + 2(2 + 5)  2(2 + 4) = 0
x y  11 z  4  9 + 15 + 4 + 10 + 4  8 = 0
 
2 8 3  17  + 17 = 0
M   = 1
x y  11 z  4  M  (3, 5, 9)
Let   
2 8 3  PM =  3  12   5  2 2   9  32
Any general point on this line is = 4  9  36 = 7
M  (2, 8 – 11, – 3 + 4)
Let A  (1, 8, 4) 35. Since the point is (–2, 4, –5),
d.r.s. of AM are 2 – 1, 8 – 19, – 3  a = –2, b = 4, c = –5
Since, AM is perpendicular to the given line, Given equation of line is
 2 (2 – 1) + 8 (8 –19) – 3 (– 3) = 0 x 3 y 4 z+8
= =
 77 = 154 3 5 6
=2  x1 = –3, y1 = 4, z1 = –8
 M  (4, 5, – 2) d.r.s of the line are 3, 5, 6
3 5 6
x  1 y  2 z 1  d.c.s are , ,
33. Let = = = 70 70 70
3 2 1
Perpendicular distance of point from the line is
A (1, 0, 2)
( a  x1) 2  (b  y1) 2  (c  z1) 2 

  (a  x1 ) l  (b  y1 ) m + (c  z1 ) n 
2
x 1 y  2 z 1
 
3 2 1  3(1) 0(5) 3(6) 
2

B = 12  0  32     
 70 70 70 
Any general point on this line is
2
B (3 – 1, – 2 + 2, –  – 1)  3 18 
= 1 9    
Let A  (1, 0, 2)  70 70 
 d.r.s. of AB are 3 – 2 , – 2 + 2 , –  – 3
Since, AB is perpendicular to the given line, 37
= units
 3 (3 – 2) – 2 (– 2 + 2) – 1 (–  – 3) = 0 10
 14 = 7 36. Let M be the foot of perpendicular drawn from
1 the point P(2, 3, 4) to the line
=
2 x 1 y  0 z 1
and   =
1 3  1 2 3
 B   , 1, 
2 2   M  ( + 1, 2, 3  1).
The d.r.s of PM are   1, 2  3, 3  5
34. Let M be the foot of perpendicular drawn from
Since, PM is perpendicular to the given line,
the point P(1, 2, 3) to the line
x 6 y 7 z7 1(1) + 2(2  3) + 3(3  5) = 0
and = = =   + 1 + 4  6 + 9  15 = 0
3 2 2
 The co-ordinates of any point on the line are  14 = 20
M  (3 + 6, 2 + 7, 2 + 7) 10
=
 The d.r.s of PM are 7
3 + 6  1, 2 + 7  2, 2 + 7  3  3 20 23 
 M  , , 
i.e., 3 + 5, 2 + 5,  2 + 4 .  7 7 7 
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 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
 2   2 3 3
9. At x = ,y= = 2 12. At x = , y = 2 sin + sin =
4 2 3 3 3 2
y = 2 sin x y = 2 sin x + sin 2x
dy dy
 = 2 cos x   2cos x  2cos 2 x
dx dx
 dy   dy   2
    = 2      2 cos  2 cos 0
 dx  x   dx  x= 3 3
4 3

   3 3
 Equation of the tangent at  , 2  is  Equation of the tangent at  ,  is
4  3 2 
1   3 3  
y 2 = x  y  0 x    2 y  3 3
2  4 2  3

  2
10. At x  , 13. At x = ,y=  2
2 4 2
 y = 2 cos x
y = 4 + cos2 =4 dy
2  = 2. sin x
y = 4 + cos2 x dx
dy  dy 
  2cos x( sin x)     2
dx  dx  x  / 4
 dy     
 
Equation of the normal at  , 2  is
    = 2cos   sin  = 0
 dx  x  2  2 4 
2
1  
  y 2 x  
 Equation of the tangent at  , 4  is 2 4
2 
 14. s = 3t2 + 2t  5

y4=0 x  ds
 2  = 6t + 2
dt
 y4=0y=4
d 2s
 Acceleration = =6
 dt 2
11. At x = ,
2 15. s = 2t2  3t + 1
    d 2s
y=  sin cos =  v=
ds
= 4t  3  =4
2 2 2 2 dt dt 2
y = x  sin x cos x
dy ds
 = 1  cos x cos x  sin x ( sin x) 16.  velocity = 45 + 22t  3t2
dx dt
= 1  cos2x + sin2 x When particle will come to rest, then v = 0
 5
 dy  2    3t2  22t  45 = 0  t = 9 ....  t   
    = 1  cos + sin2 = 2  3
 dx  x  2 2
2
17. Given, s = a sin t + b cos 2t
  ds
 Equation of the tangent at  ,  is  = a cos t  2b sin 2t
2 2 dt
   d 2s
y =2 x   =  a sin t  4b cos 2t
2  2 dt 2
 d 2s
 y  2x  At t = 0, 2 = a sin 0o  4b cos 0o = 4b
2 dt
459
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
18. s = 2t3  9t2 + 12t  f (a + h)  f (a) + h f (a)

ds
= 6t2  18t + 12 1
 5  (0.2)  
dt  10 
d 2s  5 + 0.02
 2 = 12t  18 = acceleration
dt  25.2  5.02
When acceleration of the particle will be zero,
1
12t  18 = 0 24. Let f(x) = x 3
3
 t = sec 1 2 1
2  f  (x) = x 3  2
3
Hence, the acceleration of the particle will be 3x 3
3 Here, a = 27 and h = 2
zero after sec.
2  f (a + h)  f(a) + h f (a)
ds 2 1
 1 
19. s=
1 2 ds
gt  = gt  2 = g   27  3  2  2 
2 dt dt  3(27) 3 
 the acceleration of the stone is uniform.
 1 
dr 3+2  
20. =3  27 
dt
 3 + 0.07407
dA dr
A = r2 
1
= 2r   29  3  3.07407
dt dt
 dA  2 25. If Rolle’s theorem is true for any function
  = 2  10  3 = 60 cm /sec
 dt  r 10 f(x) in [a,b].
Then f(a) = f(b)
21. A = s2 Only option (B) satisfies this condition.
dA ds
 =2s 26. According to Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
dt dt
in interval [a, b] for f(x),
dA
 = 2  10  0.5 = 2  5 = 10 cm2/sec f (b)  f (a)
dt f (c) = , where a  c  b
ba
x2  a  x1  b
22. V = 5x –
6 27. f(x) = 2  3x
dV dx x dx  f (x) =  3 < 0
 =5 – .
dt dt 3 dt  f(x) is a decreasing function.
dV 28. f(x) = x2  f (x) = 2x
dx dt For increasing function,
 =
dt  x f (x) > 0
5  
 3  2x  0
 dx  5 15  x  (0, )
  = = cm/sec
 dt  x  2 2 13 29. f(x) = ax + b
5
3  f (x) = a
For f(x) to be decreasing,
23. Let f(x) = x
f (x) < 0
1
 f (x) = a<0
2 x
30. f(x) = 5–x
Here, a = 25 and h = 0.2
log e 5
 f (a) = f (25) = 25 = 5  f (x) = – 5– x loge 5 = –
5x
1 1
and f (a) = f (25) =   f (x) < 0 for all x
2 25 10 i.e., f(x) is decreasing for all x.
460
 Chapter 07: Line
7. d.r.s. of L1 are 3, 1, 2 and d.r.s. of L2 are 1, 2, 3 15
ˆi ˆj kˆ
 a–1= 2 =5
3
 vector perpendicular to L1 and L2 = 3 1 2
2
1 2 3
 a=5+1=6
= ˆi(3  4)  ˆj(9  2)  k(6
ˆ  1) and 3 + 3b = 17 – 2b
= ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ  5b = 20  b = 4
 a = 6, b = 4
ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ ˆi  7ˆj  5kˆ
 unit vector = =
1  49  25 5 3

8. Let S be the foot of perpendicular drawn from

P(1, 0, 3) to the join of points A(4, 7, 1) and
B(3, 5, 3)
P (1, 0, 3)

 1
A(4,7,1) S B(3,5,3)
Let S divide AB in the ratio  : 1
 3  4 5  7 3  1 
 S  , ,  ….(i)
  1  1  1 
Now, d.r.s. of PS are
3  4 5  7 3  1
1 , 0 , 3
 1  1  1
2  3 5  7 2
i.e., , ,
 1  1  1
i.e., 2 + 3, 5 + 7, 2
Also, d.r.s. of AB are 1, 2, 2
Since, PS  AB
 (2 + 3)(1) + (5 + 7)(2) + (2)(2) = 0
  2  3  10  14  4 = 0
7
=
4
Substituting the value of  in (i), we get
 5 7 17 
S=  , , 
3 3 3 
9. Equation of the line passing through the points
(5, 1, a) and (3, b, 1) is
x  3 y  b z 1
  ….(i)
5  3 1  b a 1
 17 13 
The line passes through the point  0, , 
 2 2 
17 13
b 1
3
 = 2  2 ….[From (i)]
2 1 b a 1
337
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
45. f(x) = 2x3  3x2  12x + 4 1 1 8a 2
 Slope of the normal =  =  2 =  2
 f (x) = 6x2  6x  12 dy 3x 3x
For maximum or minimum, dx 8a 2

f (x) = 0  x2  x  2 = 0  x = 2, 1 According to the given condition,

Now, f (x) = 12x  6
8a 2 2
 f (2) = 18 > 0 and f (1) = 18 < 0 
3x 2 3
 the given function has one maximum and one
minimum.   4a = x2
2

 x = 2a
46. y = 1  cos x
From (i), 8a3  8a2y = 0  y = a
 y = sin x
For maximum or minimum,  the required point is (2a, a).
y = 0  sin x = 0  x = 0,  4. x2 = 3  2y ….(i)
Now, y = cos x Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 y (0) = 1 > 0 and y () = 1 < 0
dy dy
 y is maximum when x = . 2 x  2   x
dx dx
Critical Thinking  Slope of the tangent = x
Slope of the given line is 1.
1. xy = 15
Since, the tangent is parallel to the given line.
15
 y=  x = 1  x = 1
x
From (i), y = 1
15
 y =  2  the required point is (1, 1).
x
15 5. y = 6x  x2 ….(i)
At (3, 5), y = 
9 dy
 = 6  2x
9 dx
 Slope of normal at (3,5) =
15 Slope of the given line is 2.
9 Since, the tangent is parallel to the given line.
  = tan1  
 15   6  2x = 2  x = 2
2. 2
x = 2y From (i), y = 8
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  the point of tangency will be (2, 8).
2dy 6. Let the coordinates of P be (x1, y1).
2x =
dx
Then, y1 = 2x12  x1 + 1 ....(i)
dy
 x 2
Now, y = 2x  x + 1
dx
dy
 dy   = 4x  1
   1   1 dx
 dx 1, 
 2  dy 
 tan  = 1    = 4x1  1
 dx ( x1 , y1 )
  = 45 ….[ tan 45 = 1]
Slope of the given line is 3.
3 2
3. x  8a y = 0 ....(i) Since, the tangent is parallel to the given line.
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  slope of the tangent = 3
dy  4x1  1 = 3
3x2  8a2 =0
dx  x1 = 1
dy 3x 2 From (i), y1 = 2
 = 2
dx 8a  the coordinates of P are (1, 2).
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 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
7. y = x log x ….(i) dy 1 x
 =
dy dx y
 = 1 + log x
dx Since, the tangent is parallel to X-axis.
1 1 dy
Slope of the normal =  =  =0
 dy  1  log x dx
 
 dx  1 x
 0  x = 1
Slope of the given line is 1. y
Since, the normal is parallel to the given line. From (i),
1 y=2
 =1
1  log x 11. y3 + 3x2 – 12y = 0 ….(i)
 log x = 2 Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get
 x = e2 dy 6x
=–
From (i), y = 2e2 dx 3 y  12
2

 Co-ordinates of the point are (e2, 2e2). Since, the tangent is parallel to Y-axis.
8. y = (x  3)2 dx
 0
 y= 2 (x  3) dy
Since, the tangent is parallel to the line 3y2 – 12 = 0
joining (3, 0) and (4, 1).  y2 = 4  y =  2
1 0  y=2 ….  y  2
 2 (x  3) =
43 From (i),
7 4
 2x  6 = 1  x = x=
2 3
7 12. 2
y = ax + bx
When x = ,
2 dy  dy 
2  = 2ax + b    = 4a + b
7  1 dx  dx (2, 8)
y =   3 =
2  4 Since, the tangent is parallel to X-axis.
7 1  dy 
 the required point is  ,  .   dx  = 0  b = 4a ….(i)
2 4   2, 8
Also, the point (2, –8) lies on the curve
9. y = x2  4x + 5 ….(i)
y = ax2 + bx.
dy
 = 2x  4  8= 4a + 2b ….(ii)
dx From (i) and (ii), we get a = 2, b = 8
1 13. y = ax2  6x + b
Slope of the given line = 
2 dy
Since, the tangent is perpendicular to the given  = 2ax  6
dx
line.
 dy 
 1    3  = 3a  6
 (2x  4)    =  1  dx   x  
 2  2

 2x  4 = 2 3
Since, the tangent is parallel to X-axis at x  .
x=3 2
From (i), y = 2  dy 
   3  = 0
 the required point is (3, 2).  dx   x  
 2
2 2
10. x + y – 2x – 3 = 0 ….(i)  3a  6 = 0  a = 2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get Now, the given curve passes through (0, 2).
dy  2=00+b
2x + 2y –2=0
dx b=2
463
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 17. y2 = 5x  1
14. At t = 2, x =
2 dy 5
 =
1 3 dx 2 y
and y = 2  =
2 2  dy  5
   =
dy 1  dx (1,  2) 4
1 2
dy dt t t 2 1
Now, = = =  Equation of the normal at (1, –2) is
dx dx 1 1 4
dt t2 y  (2) = ( x  1)
5
 dy   4x  5y  14 = 0 ….(i)
   = 5
 dx (t  2) As the normal is of the form ax  5y + b = 0,
1 3 comparing this with (i), we get
 Equation of the normal at  ,  is a = 4 and b = 14
2 2
3 1 1 2 2 2
y = x  18. x3 + y3 = a 3
2 5 2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 x  5y + 7 = 0 1 1
2 3 2 3 dy
x + y =0
3 3 dx

15. At  = , 1
6 dy y3
 = 1
 2a  a dx
x = a sec = and y = a tan = x3
6 3 6 3
At (a sin , a cos3),
3

dy dy cos 
dy d a sec2  1 = =  cot 
    cosec  dx sin 
dx d x a sec  tan  sin   slope of the normal is tan.
d  equation of the normal at (a sin3 , a cos3) is
 dy   y  a cos3  = tan  ( x  a sin3 )
    = cosec = 2
 dx  6  y cos   a cos4 = x sin   a sin4 
6
 x sin   y cos  = a sin4   a cos4 
 2a a 
 Equation of the tangent at  ,  is
 3 3 4
19. Let (x1, y1) be a point on the curve y = x + .
x2
a  2a 
y  2 x   Since, the tangent is parallel to X-axis.
3  3
 dy  8
 2x  y  3 a    = 0  1  3 = 0  x1 = 2
 dx ( x1 , y1 ) x1
16. y = x3 + 2x2  4x  43 4
Now, y1 = x1 +
dy x12
 = 3x2 + 4x  4
dx 4
 y1 = 2 +
 dy  22
   = 3(2)2 + 4( 2)  4 = 0
 dx  2,5  y1 = 3
 equation of the tangent at (2, 5) is  equation of the tangent at (2, 3) is
y3=0y=3
y  5 = 0. (x + 2)
i.e., y = 5 (parallel to X-axis) 20. Since, the given curve crosses the X-axis,
Normal is perpendicular to X-axis and passes y=0
through (2,5).  0=2xx=2
 equation of the normal is  the given curve crosses the X-axis at (2, 0).
x = – 2, i.e., x + 2 = 0 Now, (1 + x2)y = 2  x
464
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get dy b  ax
dy   e
(1 + x2) + 2xy = 1 dx a
dx x
 dy  b  a1  y1
dy 1  2 xy     e  ....[From (i)]
 =  dx  x1 , y1  a a
dx 1  x2
 dy  1  equation of the tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) is
   = 
 dx (2,0) 5  y1
y  y1 = ( x  x1 )
 equation of the tangent at (2, 0) is a
1 x y x
y  0 =  (x  2)    1 1
5 a y1 a
 x + 5y = 2 x y
Comparing this equation with   1, we get
a b
21. Since, the given curve crosses the Y-axis, x = 0
 y = be0  y = b x1
y1  b and 1   1  x1  0
 the given curve crosses the Y-axis at (0, b). a

x  the required point is (0, b).
Now, y = be a
24. When x = 0,
dy b x
  e a y = (1 + 0)y + sin1 (0)  y = 1
dx a
Now, y = (1 + x)y + sin1(sin2 x)
 dy  b
    dy  dy y  sin 2 x
 dx (0, b) a   (1  x) y  log(1  x)  
dx  dx 1 x  1  sin 4 x
 the equation of the tangent at (0, b) is
 dy 
b    =1
y  b =  (x  0)  dx  (0,1)
a
 the equation of the normal at (0, 1) is
x y
  =1 y  1 =  1(x  0)  x + y = 1
a b
22. y = e2x 25. Let (x1, y1) be the point on the curve
y = 2x2 + 7, where the tangent is parallel to the
dy
  2e 2 x line 4x  y + 3 = 0.
dx Then, y1 = 2x12 + 7 ....(i)
 dy  Now, y = 2x2 + 7
   2
 dx (0,1) dy
 = 4x
 equation of the tangent at (0, 1) is dx
y  1 = 2(x  0)  dy 
 y = 2x + 1    = 4x1
 dx ( x1 , y1 )
This tangent meets X-axis,  y = 0
Slope of the given line is 4.
1
 0 = 2x + 1  x =  Since, the tangent is parallel to the given line.
2
 slope of the tangent = 4
 1   4x1 = 4
 the required point is   , 0 .
 2   x1 = 1
23. Let the required point be ( x1 , y1 ). From (i), y1 = 9
x1
 the coordinates of the point are (1, 9).

 y1  be a
….(i)  Equation of the tangent at (1, 9) is

x y  9 = 4 (x  1)
Now, y  be a
 4x  y + 5 = 0
465
 Chapter 08: Plane
Alternate method: Now, b  c = ˆi  4ˆj  2 kˆ
Let A  (2, 1, 1)
 the vector equation of required plane is
The d.r.s. of line joining the points
(2, 3, 1) and (1, 2, 1) are 1, 1, 2   
r. b  c  a. b  c 
 the equation of the required plane is
 r.( ˆi  4ˆj  2 k)
ˆ = (iˆ  ˆj  k).(i
ˆ ˆ  4ˆj  2 k)
ˆ
1(x – 2) + 1(y + 1) – 2(z – 1) = 0
 x + y  2z + 1 = 0  r.( ˆi  4ˆj  2 k)
ˆ =7

12. The plane passes through (3, 2, 1) 17. Let (x1, y1, z1) = (0, 1, 2),
This point satisfies the equation of plane in a1, b1, c1 = 3, 1, 1 and
option (C). a2, b2, c2 = 1, 2, 5
Also, it has d.r.s. 2, 2, 3
 the equation of required plane is
 option (C) is correct answer.
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
13. The plane passes through (10, 5, 4) a1 b1 c1 0
This point satisfies the equation of plane in
option (B) a2 b2 c2
Also, it has d.r.s. 7, 3, 1 x0 y 1 z  2
 option (B) is correct answer.  3 1 1 0
14. The plane passes through (1, 2, 3) 1 2 5
This point satisfies the equation of plane in
 7x + 14y  14 + 7z  14 = 0
option (A)
 x  2y  z + 4 = 0
Also, it has d.r.s. 1, 2, 3.
 option (A) is correct answer. 18. Let (x1, y1, z1) = (1, 2, 1),
Alternate method: a1, b1, c1 = 2, 1, 3 and a2, b2, c2 = 4, 1, 2
Let M (1, 2, –3) be the foot of perpendicular  the equation of required plane is
from the origin O (0, 0, 0) to the plane
x 1 y  2 z 1
D. r. s of normal are 1, 2, –3
 the equation of the required plane is 2 1 3 0
1 (x – 1) + 2 (y – 2) – 3 (z + 3) = 0 4 1 1
 x + 2y – 3z = 14
 (x  1)(2) + (y  2)(10) + (z + 1)(2) = 0
15. The plane passes through (2, 4, 3)  2x + 2 + 10y  20  2z  2 = 0
This point satisfies the equation of plane in  x  5y + z + 10 = 0
option (C)
Also, it has d.r.s. 2, 4, 3. 19. Required plane passes through point
 option (C) is correct answer. (x1, y1, z1)  (1, 3, 2) and is perpendicular to
planes x + 2y + 2z = 5 and 3x + 3y + 2z = 8
16. The plane passes through (1, 1, 1)  their normals are parallel to the required plane
This point satisfies the equation of plane in
 a1, b1, c1 = 1, 2, 2 and a2, b2, c2 = 3, 3, 2
option (D)
 the equation of required plane is
ˆi ˆj kˆ
x 1 y  3 z  2
Also, it has d.r.s = b  c = 2 1 1
1 2 2 0
0 1 2
3 3 2
= ˆi(2  1)  ˆj(4  0)  k(2
ˆ  0)
 2x  4y + 3z  8 = 0
= ˆi  4ˆj  2 kˆ
20. The equation r  a   b  c represents a
i.e., 1, 4, 2
 option (D) is correct answer. plane passing through vector a and parallel to
Alternate Method b and c
Let a  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ , b  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and c  ˆj  2kˆ  a  3iˆ  ˆj , b  ˆj  kˆ , c  ˆi  2ˆj  3kˆ

339
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
32. y = x2 ds 1
36. s= t  =
dy dt 2 t
  2x
dx d 2s 1
 dy  and = 3
    2  m1 (say) dt 2

 dx  (1,1) 4t 2
3 3
and x = y2 1  2ds   ds 
=   =  2 
dy 4  dt   dt 
 1 2y
dx Hence, acceleration  (velocity)3.
dy 1
 
dx 2 y 37. s= at 2  bt  c
 dy  1 ds 1 2at  b
     m 2 (say)  v= =
 dx (1, 1) 2 dt 2 at 2  bt  c
m1  m 2 2at  b
 angle of intersection is tan  = =
1  m1m 2 2s
1 d 2s dv
2 3
= 2 = acceleration = 2
=
4 dt dt
1
1  2 
2 ds
2s(2a)  (2at  b)  2
3 = dt
  = tan1   4s 2
4
33. The point of intersection of the given curves is 4a s  2(2a t  b)
 2a t  b 
(0, 1). = 2s
2
Now, y = ax 4s
dy 4as  (2at  b) 2
2
  a x log a =
dx 4s3
 dy  4a(at 2  bt  c)  (4a 2 t 2  4abt  b2 )
   = log a = m1 (say) =
 dx  (0,1) 4s3
Also, y = bx 4ac  b2
dy =
  b x log b 4s3
dx 1
 dy   acceleration varies as 3
    log b  m 2 (say) s
 dx (0,1)
dR
m1  m 2 log a  log b 38. Area of a circle is A = R2 and = 0.2
 tan  = = dt
1  m1m 2 1  log a log b
dA dR
t b  = 2R = 1.2cm2
34. s = ae + t dt dt
e
ds b 39. Let a be each side and A be the area of the
 = velocity = aet – t square at any time t. Then,
dt e
d 2s b A = a2
 2
= acceleration = aet + t = s dA da
dt e   2a
dS dt dt
35. = velocity = 15 + 12t  3t2 = 2(2)(4)
dt
....   4cm / sec and a  2cm(given) 
When particle comes to rest, v = 0 da
 3t2  12t  15 = 0  dt 
 t = 5 sec 2
= 16 cm /sec
467
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
3 da
40. Radius of balloon = r = (2x + 3) 44. = 60cm/sec where a is edge and t is time.
4 dt
dr 3 V = a3
 =
dx 2 dV da
 = 3a2
4 dt dt
V = r3
3 = 3a  60 = 180a2
2

dV 3
2
3 = 180  (90)2
 = 4   (2x + 3)2.
dx 4 2 = 1458000 cm3/sec.
27  4
= (2x + 3)2 45. V= (x + 10)3, where x is thickness of ice.
8 3
dr dV dx
41. Given, = 2 cm/sec, where r be the radius of   4(10  x ) 2
dt dt dt
circle and t be the time. dV
Now, area of circle is given by A = r2 But, = 50
dt
dA dr
 = 2r dx
dt dt  50 = 4 (10 + x)2
dt
dA
 = 2 . 20 .2 dx 50
dt At x = 5, =
4 10  5 
2
dt
dA
 = 80  cm2/sec
dt 50
=
 the rate of change of area of circle with 4(225)
respect to time is 80  cm2/sec.
1
42. Let r be the radius and V be the volume of the = cm/ min
18
spherical balloon at any time t. Then,
4 dx D
V = r3 46. = 0.5 cm/sec C
3 dt
dV dr x2
 = 4r2  Area = a
dt dt x
2
 dV   dr  dA 2 x dx
   = 4  (15)2     
 dt (r 15)  dt (r 15)  A B
dt 2 dt a
 dr  A  400cm 2 
 30 = 900    dA  1
 dt (r 15)   dt   800 ….  
  A  400 2  x  800 cm 
  
dV
 30ft 3 / min (given)    10 2 cm2/sec
 dt 
 dr  1 47. From the figure,
  = ft / min
 dt (r 15) 30 x x y
=
43. Let velocity V = 5 cm/sec 2 6
(Increasing the rate/sec is called the velocity) 1
 4x = 2y  x = y
da 2
=5 ….(i)
dt
But if a is edge of a cube, then V = a3
6
dV da 2
 = 3a2 = 3a2. 5
dt dt y x
= 15a2 = 15  (12)2 …[ edge a = 12 cm] dx 1 dy 5
3
 = = metre/hour
= 2160 cm /sec dt 2 dt 2
468
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
48. When a = 8, b = 15, a2 + b2 = 172 Length of the ladder AB = 20 ft.
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get In right angled  AOB,
2a
da
+ 2b
db
=0 x2 + y2 = (20)2
dt dt Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get
b 17
db dx dy
 8 (1) + 15 =0 2x + 2y =0
dt 15 dt dt
db 8 8 dy  x dx x dx
 = m/sec  =  = 
dt 15 a dt y dt dt
400  x 2

 the upper end is coming down at the rate of

 dy  16 dx 4 dx
8    =–  =– .
m /sec.  dt  x 16 400  (16) 2 dt 3 dt
15
Negative sign indicates, that when x increases
49. Let the position of the kite at time t be at C.
with time, y decreases.
 BC = 151.5 m
Let AD be the boy who is flying the kite. 4
Hence, the upper end is moving times as
 CE = BC – BE = 151.5 – 1.5 = 150 m 3
C fast as the lower end.
51. f(x) = x3  3x + 5
250 m  f (x) = 3x2  3
y 150 m Here, a = 2 and h =  0.01
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
D E  7 + (0.01) (9)
1.5 m x  f (1.99)  7  0.09  6.91
1.5
A B 1
x 52. Let f(x) =
x
In right angled  CDE,
1 23 1
y2 = x2 + (150)2  f (x) = x = 3
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. t, we get 2
2x 2
dy dx Here, a = 25 and h = 0.1
2y = 2x
dt dt  f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
dy x  dx  1 (0.1) 1 0.1
  .(10) ….   10     
dt y  dt  5 2  125 5 2 50
10 y 2  (150) 2 1  1  1  499  1  998 
=  1     
y 5  500  5  500  5  1000 
10 (250) 2  (150) 2 10  200 1 1
 = = 8 m/s    0.998  0.1996
250 250 25.1 5

50. C 1
53. Let f(x) =
B
x2
2
 f (x) = 2x 3 =
x3
y Here, a = 2 and h = 0.002
 f(a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)
O 1  2  1 0.002
x A  + (0.002)    
4  8 4 4
Let OC be the wall. Let AB be the position of
1 0.998
the ladder at any time t such that OA = x and  2
  0.2495
OB = y. (2.002) 4

469
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

43. The line

x4
=
y2
=
zk
lies in the 51. Here, b  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ and n  3iˆ  4kˆ
1 1 2  Angle between the line and plane is
plane 2x – 4y + z = 7.
(iˆ  ˆj  k).(3i
ˆ ˆ  4k)
ˆ 1
 the point (4, 2, k) lies on the line and hence sin  = =
lies in the plane 1  1  1 . 9  16 5 3
 2(4) – 4(2) + k = 7  1 
k=7   = sin1  
5 3
44. n1  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ and n 2  ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ
52. Let a, b, c = 2, 3, 4 and a1, b1, c1 = 3, 2, 3
n1 .n 2 aa1  bb1  cc1
 cos =  sin  =
n1 n 2 a  b 2  c 2 a12  b12  c12
2

2(3)  3(2)  4(3)

2 1  11  1 2  1 =
= = 2  3  42 (3) 2  (2)2  (3) 2
2 2
4 11 11 4 2
  sin  = 0
=   = 0
3
45. Let a1, b1, c1 = 1, 2, 3 and a2, b2, c2 = 4, 1, 2 53. Let a, b, c = 3, 2, 4 and a1, b1, c1 = 2, 1, 3
 The angle between the planes is 6  2  12
 sin  =
9  4  16 4  1  9
a1a 2  b1b 2  c1c 2
cos  = 4 4
a  b12  c12 . a 22  b 22  c 22
2
1
 sin  = =
29  14 406
1(4)  2(1)  (3)(2)  4 
= 0   = sin1  
1  4  9 . 16  1  4
 406 

= 54. The d.r.s. of line and plane are a, b, c
2
a a  bb  cc
48. The d.r.s. of normal to first plane are a, b, c  sin  =
and the d.r.s. of normal to second plane are a  b2  c2  a 2  b2  c2
2

a, b, c a 2  b 2  c2
= =1
Since the two planes are perpendicular, a 2  b 2  c2
 aa + bb + cc = 0   = 90
49. The d.r.s of the normal to the plane are 0, 2, 3. 55. Given equation of line is 6x = 4y = 3z
The d.r.s of X axis are 1, 0, 0 x y z
Now, a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2 = 0(1) + 2(0) + 3(0) i.e.  
2 3 4
=0
 the d.r.s. of line are 2, 3, 4
 The plane 2y + 3z = 0 passes through X-axis.
the d.r.s. of plane are 3, 2, 3
50. Comparing the equations of line and plane 2(3)  3(2)  4(3)
with r  a   b and r.n  p , we get  sin  = =0
4  9  16 . 9  4  9
b  ˆi  2ˆj  kˆ and n  2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ   = 90°
 The angle between the line and plane is
57. Since the line r = î +  (2 î  m ĵ  3 k̂ ) is
b.n
sin  = parallel to the plane r .(m î + 3 ĵ + k̂ ) = 0
b.n
 b.n  0
1(2)  2(1)  1(1) 1
= =  (2 î – m ĵ – 3 k̂ ) . (m î + 3 ĵ + k̂ ) = 0
1 4 1 4 11 6
 2(m)  m(3)  3(1) = 0
1 m=3
  = sin 1  
6  m = 3
342
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives

 x, x  0 66. Here, f(x) is continuous and differentiable on

62. f(x) = |x| =  (0, 1) for  > 0
  x, x  0
Also, f(0) = f(1) = 0
f (0  h)  f (0) For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,
f (0) = lim
h 0 h lim f(x) = f(0)  lim x log x = 0
| h | h x  0 x  0
= lim = lim  1 log x
h 0  h h 0  h
 lim =0
f (0  h)  f (0) x  0 x 
f (0+) = lim Applying LHospital rule, we get
h 0 h
|h| h 1
= lim = lim  1 x = 0  lim  x = 0,

h 0 h h 0 h lim
x  0  x  0 
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.  1
x
63. f(x) = e–2x sin 2x which is possible only when  > 0
 f (x) = 2e–2x (cos2x – sin 2x)  option (D) is the correct answer.
Now, f (c) = 0
67. f (x) = loge x
 cos2c – sin2c = 0
 f (1) = loge 1 = 0,
 
 tan2c = 1  2c = c= 1
4 8 f (3) = loge 3 and f (x) =
x
64. f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + ax + b By Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
 f (x) = 3x2 – 12x + a f (3)  f (1)
f (c) =
 1  3 1
Now, f (c) = 0  f   2   =0
 3 1 log e 3  0 2
  c=  c = 2 log3 e
2 c 2 log e 3
 1   1 
 32   – 12  2   +a=0
 3  3 1
68. f(x) = x +
 1 4   1  x
 34    – 12  2  + a = 0
 3 3  3 10 1
 f(3) = , f(1) = 2 and f ( x)  1  2
3 x
 12 + 1 + 4 3 – 24 – 4 3 + a = 0
By Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
 a= 11
f (3)  f (1)
f (c) =
1
  x 3 1
65. f ( x)  x ( x  3)e 2
10
1 1 2
  x
 1   x 1 3 1 2
 f (x) = ( x  3 x)e
2 2
.    (2 x  3)e  2   1  2 =  1 2 
 2 c 2 c 3
2
1
  x
 1 2  c =3c= 3
  ( x  3 x )  2 x  3
2
= e
 2  1
x 69. f(x) =
1   x
=  e ( x 2  x  6)
 2
2 1 1 1
f(a) = , f(b) = andf (x) =  2
Since, f(x) satisfies all the conditions of a b x
Rolle’s theorem. So, there exists c  (3, 0) Given, f(b)  f(a) = (b  a) f (x1)
such that 1 1  1 
f (c) = 0    (b  a)   2 
b a  x1 
 c2  c  6 = 0
 c = 3, 2
a  b (a  b)
 
But c = 2  [3, 0] ab x12
 c = 2  x12 = ab  x1 = ab
471
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
70. f(x) = x(x  1)2 = x3  2x2 + x log x
75. f(x) =
 f(0) = 0, f(2) = 2 and f (x) = 3x2  4x + 1 x
By mean value theorem, 1 log x
 f (x) = <0
f (2)  f (0) x2
f (c) =
20  1  log x < 0
20  1 < log x
 3c2  4c + 1 = =1
20  log x > 1
 3c2  4c = 0 x>e
4
 c(3c  4) = 0  c = 0, c = d 2  x
3 76. (f(x)) =
 x  1
2
dx
71. f(x) = x(x  1) (x  2) For x > 0,
1 3 d
 f(a) = f(0) = 0, f(b) = f   = and (f(x)) < 0
2 8 dx
f ( x )  ( x  1)( x  2)  x ( x  2)  x( x  1)
77. f (x) = 3x2 + 3x + 3 = 3(x2 + x + 1)
 f (c)  (c  1)(c  2)  c(c  2)  c(c  1)
 1  3 9
2
2 2
f (c) = c  3c + 2 + c  2c + c  c 2 = 3  x       0
 f (c) = 3c2  6c + 2  2  4  4

f (b)  f (a)  f(x) is an increasing function.

Given, f (c) 
ba 78. f (x) = 2xex  x2 ex = xex (2  x)
3 Since, f is increasing, f (x) > 0
0
8 3  xe –x (2  x) > 0  x(2  x) > 0
 3c  6c  2 
2

1
0 4  x > 0, 2  x > 0 or x < 0, 2 – x < 0
2  x > 0, 2 > x or x < 0, 2 < x
5  0 < x < 2 or 2 < x < 0 (Not possible)
 3c2  6c  = 0
4  0 < x < 2  x  (0, 2)
6  36  15 6  21 21
 c= = = 1 79. f(x) = eax + e–ax
23 6 6
 f (x) = a(eax  e–ax) < 0
72. f(x) = 1  x3  x5  f (x) = 3x2  5x4 But, a < 0
 f (x)  0 for all values of x.  eax  e–ax > 0
 eax > e–ax
73. f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2  12x + 5  ax >  ax
 f (x) = 6x2 + 6x  12 +ve +ve  2ax > 0
= 6 (x2 + x  2) ve  ax > 0, then x < 0 ….[ a < 0]
2 1
= 6 (x +2) (x 1)
Increasing at (, 2)  ( 1, ) = l1 80. f(x) = 3kx2  18x + 9
Decreasing at (2, 1) = l2 = 3 (kx2  6x + 3)
Since, f(x) is increasing on R  f (x) > 0
x
74. f(x) =  kx2  6x + 3 > 0  x  R
1 x
 k > 0 and 36  12k < 0
x k>3
1 x  x
x = 1 ….[  ax2 + bx + c > 0  x  R
 f (x) = >0
1  x  1 x 
2 2
 a > 0 and b2  4ac < 0 ]
 the given function is increasing. Hence, f(x) is increasing on R if k > 3.
472
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
81. Since, f(x) is increasing for all x. x3
86. f(x) = x4   f (x) = 4x3  x2
 f (x) > 0 for all x 3
K2 For f(x) to be increasing, 4x3  x2  0
 > 0 for all x
(sin x  cos x) 2  x2(4x  1)  0
K–2>0K>2 1
 the function is increasing for x 
4
82. The graph of cosec x is opposite in interval 1
Similarly, decreasing for x 
  3  4
 , 
2 2  87. f(x) = 2x3  15x2 + 36 x + 1
Y  f (x) = 6x2  30x + 36 = 6(x2  5x + 6)
= 6(x  2)(x  3)
To be monotonic decreasing, f (x)  0
 (x  2)(x  3)  0  x  (2, 3)
1
88. As f(x) = sin 2x  f (x) = 2 cos2x
   
Here, f (x)  0 in  0,  and f (x)  0 in  , 
 4 4 2
X
0  3 89. f(x) = x + cos x  f (x) = 1  sin x
2 2 f (x)  0 for all values of x.
1  f(x) is always increasing.
log x
90. f(x) =
x
1 log x 1  log x
At the point x = , cosec x is not defined and  f (x) = 2  =
x x2 x2
  3  For f(x) to be increasing, f (x)  0
x   , 
2 2   1  log x  0  1  log x  e  x
 equation is neither increasing nor decreasing.  f(x) is increasing in the interval (0, e).
d x2
Also (tan x) = sec2 x > 0 which is a 91. f(x) = 1  e

2
dx
x2 x2
increasing function.  
 f (x) = e 2 (  x )  xe 2
Also y = x2 is a parabola, which is increasing
Also y = |x  1| is a V-shaped upward curve, For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0
x2
which is always increasing. 

 option (A) is the correct answer.  xe 0

2

 f(x) is decreasing for x < 0 and increasing

83. Let f(x) = x +
1 for x > 0.
x a sin x  b cos x
1 1 92. f(x) =
 f (x) = 1   0  1  2  x2  1 csin x  d cos x
2
x x f(x) will be decreasing, if f (x) < 0
 x  [1, 1] 1
 (c sin x  d cos x)(a cos x  b sin x)
3 (c sin x  d cos x) 2
84. Since f (x) = is greater than '0' in
( x  1) 2 (a sin x  b cos x)(c cos x  d sin x)  0
x2  acsin x cos x  bcsin 2 x  ad cos 2 x
interval (, ), therefore f(x) = is
x 1  bdsin x cos x  acsin x cos x  adsin 2 x
increasing in interval (, ) or R.  bccos 2 x  bdsin x cos x  0
85. Let f(x) = sin x  bx + c  ad(sin 2 x  cos 2 x)  bc(sin 2 x  cos2 x)  0
 f (x) = cos x  b  0  cos x  b  b  1  ad  bc < 0
473
 Chapter 08: Plane

1  1 ˆi   2  2  ˆj   4  6  kˆ It lies on the plane

  
M m =
2 2 2 The d.r.s. of normal to the plane are 4, 2, 2
ˆ ˆ i.e. –2, 1, 1
= 2j k
 The equation of the plane is
 equation of plane passing through the vector –2(x + 1) + 1(y – 3) + 1(z – 4) = 0
2 ˆj  kˆ and perpendicular to AB  2 ˆi  10kˆ is  2x – y – z = –9
x y z
   
r. 2iˆ  10kˆ  2ˆj  kˆ . 2iˆ  10kˆ     =1
9 9 9
 r.  ˆi  5kˆ   10
2
9
 Intercepts are , 9, 9
5. P be the point (a, b, c). 2
 The d.r.s of OP are a, b, c. 8. (2, –1, 0) lies on the plane 9x  2y  3z = k
 Equation of the plane passing through the  9(2) – 2(–1) – 3(0) = k
 k = 20
point (a, b, c) is
9. Since, the point (1, 0, z1) lies on the plane
a( x  a) + b( y  b) + c(z  c) = 0
 ax + by + cz = a2 + b2 + c2  
r. ˆi  3kˆ  2
i.e.  x + 3z = 2
6. Mid-point of the line segment joining the  z1 = 1
points (1, 2, 3) and (3,  5, 6) is
1  3 2  5 3  6  10. (3, 2, –1) lies on the plane 5x + 3y  2z = 
M   , ,   5 (3) + 3 (2) – 2 (– 1) = 
 2 2 2 
  = 23
 3 9 
M   1, ,  11. The equation of the plane passing through the
 2 2
The plane passes through point M intersection of the planes r  a = p and
It satisfies option (C) r  b = q is
Alternate method: r  ( a +  b ) = p + q ….(i)
The required plane bisects the line segment Since, the plane passes through the origin,
perpendicularly. p + q = 0
 the d.r.s. of the normal to the plane are p
3  (1),  5  2, 6  3 =
q
i.e. 4, 7, 3
Substituting the value of  in (i), we get
 3 9
Since, the mid-point  1,  ,  lies in the  p   p 
 2 2 r   a  b  = p    (q)
plane,  q   q 
 The equation of the plane is  
 r  aq  bp = pq – pq
 3  9
4(x  1)  7  y   + 3  z   = 0  r   qa  pb  = 0
 2  2
 4x  7y + 3z = 28 12. The line of intersection of the planes
7. P r . (3 î  ĵ + k̂ ) = 1 and r . ( î + 4 ĵ  2 k̂ ) = 2
is perpendicular to each of the normal vectors
n1 = 3 î  ĵ + k̂ and n2 = î + 4 ĵ  2 k̂ .
(–1, 3, 4)  The line is parallel to the vector n 1  n 2
ˆi ˆj kˆ
 n 1  n 2 = 3 1 1
Q 1 4 2
Mid-point of line joining P(1, 2, 3) and
Q(3, 4, 5) is (–1, 3, 4) = 2 î + 7 ĵ + 13 k̂

345
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives

102. Let f(x) = x 1 x 2 107. According to the given condition,

1  2x2 1 2x + 2y = 100  x + y = 50 ….(i)
 f (x) = =0x= Let the area of rectangle be A.
1 x 2
2
A
1  A = xy  y =
But as x  0, we have x = x
2 A
Now, Put in (i), we have x + = 50  A = 50x  x2
x
x
1  x 2 (4 x)  (1  2 x 2 ) dA
1  x2  = 50  2x
f (x) = dx
(1  x 2 ) dA
For maximum area, =0
2 x3  3x dx
=
(1  x 2 )3/ 2  50  2x = 0  x = 25 and y = 25
 1  Hence, adjacent sides are 25 and 25 cm.
 f    = ve
 2 108. Let the number be x, then the function
1 x
 f(x) is maximum at x = f(x) = 2
2 x  16
On differentiating with respect to x, we get
103. Let x and y be two natural numbers such that
x + y = 10 and the product is xy. ( x 2  16).1  x(2 x)
 f (x) =
xy = x (10  x) = 10x  x2 = f(x) ( x 2  16) 2
 f (x) = 10  2x x 2  16  2 x 2
 f (x) =  2 =
( x 2  16) 2
Roots of f (x) = 0,
i.e., 10  2x = 0 i.e., x = 5 16  x 2
=
f (5) = 10  10 = 0 ( x 2  16) 2
 f is maximum when x = 5, y = 5 Put f (x) = 0 for maxima or minima
 The product is maximum if x = 5, y = 5 f (x) = 0  16  x2 = 0  x = 4, 4
Again differentiating
104. 2 (x + y) = 24
 x + y =12 ( x 2  16) 2 ( 2 x )  (16  x 2 )2( x 2  16)2 x
f (x) =
 x = 12  y ( x 2  16) 4
f(x) = xy = x(12  x) = 12x  x2 At x = 4, f (x) < 0 and at x = 4, f (x) > 0
 f (x) = 12  2x = 0 4 1
 Least value of f(x) = =
 x = 6 At x = 6, y = 6 16  16 8
 max area is 36 m2.
109. Let y = x2x  log y = 2x.log x, (x  0)
105. Let x + y = 3 dy
According to the given condition, Differentiating, = 2x2x (1 + log x);
dx
f(x) = x2  (3  x) = 3x2  x3 .…(i) dy
 f (x) = 6x  3x2 = 0  =0
dx
 3x (x  2) = 0
1
 x = 0,x=2  log x = 1  x = e1 =
Now f (x) is max at x = 2 e
Its maximum value is 4 ....[From (i)] 1
 Stationary point is x =
e
106. Let one number be (100  x) and then another
is x. Therefore f(x) = 2(100  x) + x2 110. x + y = 8  y=8x
= x2  2x + 200 Now f(x) = xy = x(8  x) = 8x  x2
 f (x) = 0  2x  2 = 0  x = 1  f (x) = 8  2x
Here f (x) = 2  0 For maximum value of f(x), f (x) = 0
Therefore function is minimum at x = 1.  x = 4 and y = 4
So the numbers are 99 and 1. So, maximum value of xy = 4  4 = 16
475
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
111. f(x) = 2x3  21x2 + 36x  30  f has minimum at x = 2 and the minimum
 f (x) = 6x2  42x + 36 value of f at x = 2 is
 f (x) = 0  x = 6, 1 and f (x) = 12x  42 f(2) = 48  64 + 48  96 + 25 =  39
Here f (1) =  30 < 0 and f (6) = 30 > 0 118. f(x) = (x  ) (x  ) = x2  ( + )x + 
 f(x) has maxima at x = 1 and minima at x = 6.  f (x) = 2x  ( + )
112. f(x) = cos x + cos( 2 x) For maximum or minimum of f(x), f (x) = 0
 2x  ( + ) = 0
 f (x) =  sin x  2 sin( 2 x) = 0 Now, f ″(x) = 2 > 0

 x = 0 is the only solution. 
 f has minimum at x =
f (x) =  cos x  2 cos( 2 x)  0 at x = 0 2
Hence, maxima occurs at x = 0. β
and the minimum value of f at x = is
113. Let f(x) = x3  18x2 + 96x 2
 f (x) = 3x2  36x + 96     
    
For maximum or minimum, f (x) = 0  2  2 
x2  12x + 32 = 0  (x  4)(x  8) = 0         ( ) 2
 x = 4, 8 =   = 
 2  2  4
Now, f (x) = 6x  36
At x = 4, f (x) = 24  36 =  12  0 119. Let x + y = 20  y = 20 – x ….(i)
At x = 4, f(x) will be maximum and x3y2 = z
and [f(4)]max. = 64  288 + 384 = 160  z = x3 (20 – x)2  z = 400x3 + x5 – 40x4
d2 y dz
At x = 8, = 48 36 = 12  0  = 1200x2 + 5x4 – 160x3
dx 2 dx
At x = 8, f(x) will be minimum and For maximum or minimum,
[f(8)]min. = 128 dz
=0
dx
1
114. Let PQ = a and PR = b, then  = ab sin   1200 x2 + 5x4  160x3 = 0
2
 x = 12, 20
 1  sin   1
d2z
Since, area is maximum when sin  = 1 = 2400x + 20x3 – 480x2
 dx 2
=  d2z 
2   2  = 5760 < 0
 dx  x 12
115. Here f(x) = | sin 4 x  3 |
 z is maximum at x = 12.
We know that minimum value of sin x is –1
From (i), y = 20  12 = 8
and maximum is 1.
 the parts of 20 are 12 and 8.
Hence minimum | sin 4 x  3 | = | 1  3 | 2 and
120. Let y = sinp x. cosq x
maximum | sin 4 x  3 | = |1  3 | = 4
dy
 = p sinp1 x. cos x. cosq x + q cosq1 x.
116. f(x) = | px – 9 | + r | x |, x  (, ) dx
Where p  0, q  0 and r  0 can assume its (sin x) sinp x
minimum value only at one point, if p = q = r. dy
 = p sinp1 x. cosq+1 x  q cosq1 x. sinp+1 x
dx
117. f(x) = 3x4  8x3 + 12x2  48x + 25
For maximum or minimum,
 f (x) = 12x3  24x2 + 24x  48 dy
= 12(x3  2x2 + 2x  4) = 12[(x  2)(x2 + 2)] =0
dx
For maximum or minimum of f(x), f (x) = 0
p p
 12[(x  2)(x2 + 2)] = 0  tan2 x =  tan x = 
q q
 x = 2.
Now, f (x) = 12(3x2  4x + 2)  Point of maxima x = tan1
p
 f (2) = 12(12  8 + 2) = 72  0 q

476
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
121. 4x + 2r = a 22
 110 = R
1 7
A = x2 + r2 = (a – 2r)2 + r2
16  R = 35  2R = 70
dA a d A2 From (i),
 = 0 gives r = , thus >0 22
dr 2(   4) dr 2 l+  35 = 220
7
and hence minimum,
a 4a  l + 110 = 220
 4x = a – 2r = a – =  l = 110
4 4
a 124. Let the length of side of each square cut out be x sq cm.
 x= Then, each side of base of the box is
4
a2 (12  2x) cm and x cm will be height of box.
 A = x2 + r2 =
4(  4)
122. x 12  2x x
O
r r 12  2x 12  2x 12


A B x 12  2x x
l
Let OAB be a given sector of a circle of a
radius r cm such that arc AB = l cm, and
AOB =  radians. 12
Then V = Volume of box
2r + l = 20 ….(i) = (12  2x)2 x = 4(36 + x2  12x)x
l = 4(x3  12x2 + 36x)
= ….(ii)
r dV
 = 4(3x2 – 24x + 36)
1 2 dx
A r ….(iii)
2 = 12 (x2 – 8x + 12)
From (i), (ii) ,(iii), we get 2
d V
1 l 1 1 and = 4(6x  24)
A = r2  = r l = r(20  2r) dx 2
2 r 2 2 dV
 A = 10 r  r2 ….(iv) Now, = 0  x2  8x + 12 = 0
dx
dA  (x  2)(x  6) = 0  x = 2 or x = 6
Now, = 10  2r = 0  r = 5
dr But x < 6
d2A  x = 2
 = 2 < 0
dr 2 d2V
 A is maximum at r = 5 For x = 2, = 4 (12  24) =  48 < 0
dx 2
Hence the maximum area  Volume is maximum when each square of
= 10  5 – 25 = 25 cm2 …. [From (iv)] 2 cm length is cut out from each corner.
123. 2l + 2R = 440 125. Given equation is10s = 10ut – 49t2
 l + R = 220 …(i)  s = ut – 4.9t2
ds
 = u – 9.8t = v
dt
When stone reaches the maximum height, then
Now f(x) = l (2R) = (220  R) (2R) v=0
 f(x) = 440R  2R2  u – 9.8t = 0  u = 9.8t
 f (x) = 440  4R = 0 But time t = 5 sec
 0 = 110  R So the value of u = 9.8  5 = 49.0 m/sec
477
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
126. Let L be the lamp and PQ be the man and 129. Since, f(x) satisfies all the conditions of
OQ = x metre be his shadow and let Rolle’s theorem.
MQ = y metre.
L
 f(3) = f(5) = 0
 x = 3 and x = 5 are the roots of f(x).
P  f(x) = (x  3) (x  5) = x2  8x + 15
5m 5 5
2m   f ( x ) dx =  ( x 2  8 x  15) dx
O 3 3
x Q y M 5
 3 
=  x  4 x 2  15 x 
dy 3 3
= speed of the man = 3 m/s (given) 1
dt = (125  27)  4(25  9)  15(5  3)
Since,  OPQ and  OLM are similar. 3
OM LM x y 5 4
 =  = =
OQ PQ x 2 3
3
y= x Competitive Thinking
2
dy 3 dx 1
 =  1. y = x2 
dt 2 dt x2
3 dx dy 2
3=   = 2x + 3
2 dt dx x
dx  
d y 2
 = 2m/s.  = 2(1) + = 4
dt  
 dx ( 1,0) (1)3
127. Let A, P and x be the area, perimeter and 1 1
length of the side of the square respectively at  Slope of normal at (1, 0) =  =
 dy  4
time t seconds. Then, A = x2 and P = 4x  
d
 ( 1,0)
x
 P= 4 A
dP 1 dA 2. For the point (2, 1) on the curve
  4. .
dt 2 A dt x = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2 – 2t – 5, we have
2 dA 2 1 t2 + 3t – 8 = 2 and 2t2 – 2t – 5 = 1
= .  .2  cm / sec.
x dt 16 4  (t + 5) (t  2) = 0 and (t 2) (t + 1) = 0
t=2
128. Let
dy

f(A) = cos A cos B = cos A cos   A  dy dt 4t  2
2  Now,  
dx dx 2t  3
= cos A sin A
dt
 f (A) = cos2 A  sin2 A = cos 2 A
For maximum or minimum,  dy  4(2)  2 6
    
f (A) = 0  cos 2A = 0  dx (t  2) 2(2)  3 7
 
 2A = A = 1
2 4 3. Slope of the normal =
dy
Now, f (A) = 2 sin 2 A
dx

= 2 sin = 2 < 0 3 1
2  tan =
4  dy 
  
 f(A) is maximum at A = .  dx (3, 4)
4
  1  dy 
 Maximum value = cos sin =    = 1  f (3) = 1
4 4 2  dx (3, 4)

478
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
4. y = ax3 + bx + 4  x 1  1 x=2
dy
 = 3ax2 + b y = x 1 = 2  1 = 1
dx
 (x, y) = (2, 1)
 dy 
Slope of tangent at (2, 14) =   9. y2 = px3 + q …..(i)
 dx  2, 14
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 21 = 3a(2)2 + b dy
 21 = 12a + b ...(i) 2y. = 3px2
3 dx
y = ax + bx + 4
dy 3p  x 2 
 14 = a (8) + b (2) + 4  =  
 8a + 2b = 10 ...(ii) dx 2 y
On solving (i) and (ii), we get  dy  3p 4
a = 2, b = –3    =  = 2p
 dx (2,3) 2 3
5. x = t2 – 1, y = t2 – t Since the line touches the curve, their slopes
dy are equal.
dy 2t  1  2p = 4  p = 2
 = dt =
dx dx 2t Since, (2,3) lies on y 2  px3  q.
dt  9=28+q q=–7
Since, the tangent is perpendicular to X-axis.
dx 2t 10. y2 = ax3 + b …..(i)
 =0 =0t=0 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy 2t  1
dy
2y. = 3ax2
dy dx
6. y = x3  = 3x2
dx dy 3a  x 2 
 =  
According to the given condition, dx 2 y
3x2 = y
 dy  3a 4
 3x2 = x3 ….[ y = x3]    =  = 2a
 dx (2,3) 2 3
 x = 0, 3
Since, the line touches the curve, their slopes
Thus, the two points are (0, 0) and (3, 27). are equal.
dy  2a = 4  a = 2
7. y = x2  3x + 2  = 2x  3
dx Since, (2,3) lies on y 2  ax3  b.
Slope of the given line = 1  9=28+b b=–7
Since, the tangent is perpendicular to the given Now, 7a + 2b = 7(2) + 2(–7) = 0
line.
 (2x  3) (1) = 1 1
11. y= ....(i)
x=1 x
At x = 1, y = 0 dy 1
 = 2
 the required point is (1, 0). dx x
1
8. Given equation of curve is y = x  1  Slope of tangent to the curve =
x2
Slope of tangent to the curve is
Slope of y = 4x + b is 4.
dy 1
= 1 1
dx 2 x 1  2
= 4 x= 
x 2
Slope of line 2x + y  5 = 0 is 2 From (i),
Since the tangent is perpendicular to the given
y=2
line,
Putting the values of x and y in
 1  y = 4x + b, we get
  (2)  1
 2 x 1  b=4
479
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
12. y2 = 2(x  3) ….(i) Slope of the line x + y = k is 1.
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get y
dy dy 1   = 1  y = 6
2y  2   6
dx dx y From (i), x = 3
1 Putting the values of x and y in x + y = k, we
 Slope of the normal = = y get k = 9
dy
dx a
Slope of the given line = 2. 16. Slope of given line = 
b
Since, the normal is parallel to the given line. 4 dy 4
 y = 2 y=  = 2
x dx x
From (i), x = 5
 the required point is (5, 2). a 4
 = 2
b x
13. Given equation of curve is a 4
x2 – 4y2 = 1 ...(i)  = 2 >0
Slope of tangent to the curve is b x
dy x  a < 0, b < 0
=
dx 4y 17. y2 = 4ax
1 dy
Slope of line is x = 2y is  2y = 4a
2 dx
Since, the tangent is parallel to the given line, dy 2a
 =
x 1 dx y
=
4y 2  dy  2a 1
  = =
 x = 2y  dx  at 2 , 2at  2at t
Substituting x = 2y in equation (i), we get
(2y)2 – 4y2 = 1 1
 Slope of tangent (m1) =
 tangent is parallel to curve at zero point. t
x2  y2 = a2
14. x = a(1 + cos ) and y = a sin 
dy
dx dy  2x  2y =0
 =  a sin  and = a cos  dx
d d
dy x
dy  =
d y d dx y
 = = cot 
d x dx  dy  a sec 
  =
d  dx  a sec , a tan  a tan 
1 1
 slope of the normal =  = = tan  = cosec 
dy  cot 
 Slope of normal (m2) = cosec 
dx Now, m1m2 = 1
 equation of the normal at  is
1
y  a sin  = tan [x  a(1 + cos)]    (cosec )  1
Clearly, this line passes through (a, 0). t
 t = cosec 
15. y2 = 12x ....(i)
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 18. 9y2 = x3 ….(i)
dy dy 6 Differentiating w.r.t. x, get
2 y = 12  
dx dx y dy
18y = 3x2
1 y dx
 slope of the normal =   dy x2
dy 6  =
dx dx 6y

480
 Chapter 08: Plane
Since it passes through the point (5, 1, 2), we 52. The equations of the planes bisecting the angle
have between the given planes are
(5) + 2(1) + 2(2) + d = 0 a1 x  b1 y  c1z  d1 a x  b 2 y  c2 z  d 2
= 2
 d = – 11 a1  b1  c1
2 2 2
a 22  b 22  c 22
 The equation (i) becomes x + 2y + 2z – 11 = 0 2 x  y + 2z + 3 3x  2 y + 6z + 8
Any general point on the given line is given  =
2   1  2 32  (2)2  62
2 2 2
by
 + 2, 2 + 4, 2 + 5.  7 (2x  y + 2z + 3) =  3(3x  2y + 6z + 8)
This point lies in the required plane  7(2x – y + 2z + 3) = 3 (3x – 2y + 6z + 8)
  + 2 + 2(2 + 4) + 2(2 + 5) – 11 = 0 or 7(2x – y + 2z + 3) = – 3 (3x – 2y + 6z + 8)
 5x  y  4z  3 = 0 or 23x  13y + 32z + 45 = 0
  + 2 + 4 + 8 + 4 + 10 – 11 = 0
 9 + 9 = 0   = – 1 53. The point (3, –2, 1) satisfies both the
equations so it is the point of intersection
 The point of intersection is
Alternate method:
[(–1) + 2, 2(–1) + 4, 2(–1)+5]
x  3 y  2 z 1
 (1, 2, 3) Line is     (say)
3 2 1
50. The equation of plane passing through the x = 3  3; y = 2 + 2; z =   1
intersection of the given planes is Line intersects plane,
(2x  5y + z  3) + (x + y + 4z  5) = 0 4x + 5y + 3z 5 = 0
 (2 + )x + (5 + )y  4(3  3) + 5(2 + 2) + 3(  1)  5 = 0
+ (1 + 4) z  3  5 = 0 .…(i)   = 2.
 The point of intersection is (3, 2, 1)
This plane is parallel to the plane x + 3y + 6z = 1
2 5   1  4 54. The point (1, –2, 7) satisfies the given equation
 = = of plane. So it is the point of intersection.
1 3 6
Alternate method:
 11 The d.r.s ratios of the line joining the points
=
2 (2, –3, 1) and (3, –4, –5) are 1, –1, –6
 Substituting value of  in equation (i), we get  The equation of line is
7 21 42 49 x2 y3 z 1
– x– y– z+ =0 = = = (say)
2 2 2 2 1 1 6
 x + 3y + 6z = 7 Any general point on the line is
Comparing with x + 3y + 6z = k, we get (  + 2, –  – 3, – 6 + 1)
The above point lies on the plane
k=7
2x + y + z = 7
51. The equation of the plane through the line of  2( + 2) + (–  – 3) + (– 6 + 1) = 7
intersection of the planes,  – 5 + 2 = 7
4x + 7y + 4z + 81 = 0 and 5x + 3y + 10z = 25 =–1
is (4x + 7y + 4z + 81) + (5x + 3y + 10z – 25) = 0  The point is (1, –2, 7)
(4+ 5) x +(7+ 3) y + (4 +10)z + 81– 25 =0 55. The equations of line is
….(i) x3 y4 z5
= = = (say)
It is parallel to x  4 y  6 z  k , 1 2 2
4  5  7  3  4  10  Any point on the line is ( + 3, 2 + 4, 2 + 5)
   Since the point lies on the plane x + y + z = 17
1 4 6
  + 3 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 5 = 17   = 1
=1
 The point is (4, 6, 7).
Substituting value of  in equation (i), we get Hence, the required distance is
– x + 4y – 6z + 106 = 0
3  4   4  6  5  7 
2 2 2

 x – 4y + 6z = 106
Hence k = 106 = 12  22  22  3
351
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
dy 27. y = a(sin   cos ) , x = a(cos  +  sin )
dy d 3 dy
  =  tan   = a(cos   cos  +  sin ) = a  sin 
dx d x 2 d
d dx
3 and = a( sin  + sin  +  cos )
 dy  d
     = 
 dx    2 = a  cos 
 4
dy dy / d a sin 
 1 3   = = = tan 
 equation of the tangent at  ,  is dx dx / d a cos 
 2 2 2 1
3 3 1   Slope of the normal  =  cot 
y =  x tan 
2 
2 2 2  Equation of the normal is
 3 x + 2y = 3 2 y  a sin  + a  cos 
cos 
= (x  a cos   a  sin )
25. At x = 0, y = e0 + 0 = 1 sin 
y = e2x + x2  y sin   a sin2  + a sin  cos 
dy =  x cos  + a cos2  + a sin  cos 
 = 2e2x + 2x
dx  x cos  + y sin  = a(sin2  + cos2 )
 dy   x cos  + y sin  = a
   =2
 dx (0,1) a
 Distance from origin =
sin   cos 2 
2

 dx  1
Also,    =  = a = constant
 dy (0,1) 2 2
28. y=x –x+1
Equation of normal at (0, 1) is dy
1  = 2x – 1
(y  1) = (x  0) dx
2
 dy   dy   dy 
 2 y  2 =  x  x + 2y  2 = 0   = –1,   = –3,   5  = 4
 dx  x 0  dx  x  1  dx   x  
 distance between origin and normal  2

002 2 equation of normal at (0, 1) and having slope 1

= = is y – 1 = x – 0
1 4 5
x–y+1=0 ...(i)
26. x2 + y2 – 13 = 0 Equation of normal at (–1, 3) and having slope
dy 1
 2 x + 2y =0 is
dx 3
dy x 1
 = y – 3 = (x + 1)
dx y 3
 x – 3y + 10 = 0 ...(ii)
 dy 
 Slope of tangent at (2, 3) =    5 19 
 dx  2, 3 Equation of normal at  ,  and having
2 4 
2 1
m= slope is
3 4
Given equation of circle is x2 + y2 = 13 19 1  5 5
 Centre of circle 0 = (0, 0), radius = 13 units
y– =  x    4y – 19 = –x +
4 4 2 2
 1   2 3   2x + 8y – 43 = 0 ...(iii)
Given point M  m,  = , 
 m   3 2 Equation (i), (ii) and (iii) are passes through
= (–0.67, 1.5) 7 9
point  ,  .
OM < radius 2 2
 The point lies inside the circle  they are concurrent
482
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
29. Given, x2 + 2xy  3y2 = 0 ….(i) 1

Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get  dy  y 3

   =  11
 dy  dy  dx ( x1 , y1 )
2x + 2  x  y   6y = 0 x13
 dx  dx  equation of the tangent at (x1, y1) is
dy x y  dy  1
 =    =1 y13
dx 3 y  x  dx (1,1) y  y1 =  1
(x  x1)
 equation of the normal at (1, 1) is x1 3

y  1 = 1(x  1) y  y1 x  x1
 =
y=2–x 1 1
y1 3
x13
Putting y = 2 – x in (i), we get
1 1 2 2
x2 + 2x(2 – x)  3(2 – x)2 = 0 
 x x1 3  y y1

3
= x1 3  y1 3
 x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 1 1 2
 
 x = 1, 3  x x1 3  y y1 3 = a 3 ....[From (i)]
 the points of intersection are (1,1) and (3,–1). This tangent meets the coordinate axes at
 the normal at (1, 1) meets the curve again at  2 1   2 1 
(3, 1) which lies in the fourth quadrant. A  a 3 x 3 , 0  and B  0, a 3 y 3  .
1 1
   
30. x+ y= a 4 2 4 2 4
 2 2

 AB = a 3 x1 3  a 3 y1 3 = a 3  x1 3  y1 3 
1 1 dy  
 + 0 
2 x 2 y dx 4 2
= a3 a3 ….[From (i)]
dy y
 = =a
dx x
32. y = x2  5x + 6
 Equation of the tangent at (x, y) is
dy
y  = 2x  5
Yy= (X – x) dx
x
 dy 
 = 2(2)  5 = 1 = m1 (say)
 X y  Y x = xy  x y   
 dx (2, 0)
 X y  Y x = xy . a  dy 
and   = 2(3)  5 = 1 = m2 (say)
X Y  dx  (3, 0)
 + =1 Here, m1 m2 = 1
a x a y
Clearly its intercepts on the axes are a x and  the required angle is  
2
a y.

Sum of the intercepts 33. If sin x = cos x, then x =
4
= a  x  y = a. a = a  Now, y = sin x
dy
 = cos x
31. Let the coordinates of P be (x1, y1). dx
2 2 2
 dy  1
 x13  y13  a 3 ....(i)       = m1 (say)
 dx   x   2
2 2 2  4

Now, x 3  y 3  a 3 Also, y = cos x

Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get dy
 =  sin x
1 1
1
dx
2  2  dy dy y 3
x 3
+ y 3
 =0  = 1  dy  1
3 3 dx dx         m 2 (say)
x3  dx   x   2
 4

483
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 angle between the curves is dv
36. Acceleration, = 2t, then acceleration after
1

1 dt
m  m2
tan  = 1  2 2 3 second = 2  3 = 6 cm / sec2 .
1  m1 m 2  1  1 
1     37. Motion of a particle s = 15t  2t2
 2  2
ds
 tan  = 2 2  velocity = = 15  4t
dt
  = tan 1
2 2 
 ds   ds 
   = 15 and   = 3
34. y = ex
2
….(i)  dt  t 0  dt  t 3
x2
y = e sin x ….(ii) 15  3
 average velocity = = 9 units
From (i) and (ii), we get 2
2 2
e x  e x sin x 38. Velocity, v2 = 2  3x
 Differentiating both sides w.r.t.t, we get
 sin x = 1  x =
2 dv dx
2v =3
 dt dt
Slope of tangent to (i) at x = is given by
2 dv
2  2v =  3v
 dy  dt
  2 xe x     e 4
2
 
 dx  x   2   x dv 3
2
 
 dt 2
Slope of tangent to (ii) at x = is given by Hence, the acceleration is uniform.
2
2
 dy  39. x = At2 + Bt + C
  2 xe x sin x  e x cos x   =  e 4
2 2
  v = 2At + B  v2 = 4A2t2 + 4ABt + B2
 dx  x   2   x
2

and 4Ax = 4A2t2 + 4ABt + 4AC
Since both tangents have equal slopes, the
angle between them is zero.  v2  4Ax = B2 – 4AC
35. Let the given curves intersect each other at  4Ax – v2 = 4AC – B2
P(x1, y1).
y2 = 6x v2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 40. t=  v2 = 2t
2
dy  dy  3 Differentiating both sides w.r.t.t., we get
2y =6   =
dx  dx  P y1 dv
2 2
9x + by = 16 2v =2
dt
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dv 1
dy  = =f
18 x + 2by =0 dt v
dx
df 1 dv 1 1
 dy  9 x1  = 2  = 2 
  =  dt v dt v v
 dx  P by1
df 1
Since, the given curves intersect each other at  = = f3
right angles. dt v3
 3   9 x1  d 2 t d  dt  d  1  1 dv
    = –1 41.      2.
 y1   by1  dx 2
dx  dx  dx  v  v dx
27 x1 dv dv f
 =1 Since, v f  
by12 dx dx v
9 d2 t 1 f 2
3 d t
…  y1  6 x1 
2
b=    .  v =f
2 dx 2 v2 v dx 2
484
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
20. The plane passes through A(2, 2, 2) and 26. Equation of plane passing through (1, 0, 2),
B(2, 2, 2) (–1, 1, 2) and (5, 0, 3) is
The above points satisfies the equation of x 1 y 0 z 2
plane in option (A) 11 1  0 2  2 = 0
 option (A) is correct answer. 5 1 0  0 3  2
21. The plane passes through (0, 1, 2) and x 1 y z 2
(–1, 0, 3)  2 1 0 =0
The above points satisfies the equation of
4 0 1
plane in option (D)
 option (D) is correct answer.  (x – 1) – y (–2) + (z – 2) (–4) = 0
 x – 1 + 2y – 4z + 8 = 0
22. The plane passes through (2, –3, 1)  x + 2y – 4z + 7 = 0
This point satisfies the equation of plane in
option (A) 27. Equation of plane passing through (1, 2, 3),
Also, it has d.r.s. 3  2 , 4 + 1, 1 5 (1, 4, 2) and (3, 1, 1) is
i.e. 1, 5, 6. x 1 y  2 z  3
 option (A) is correct answer. 1  1 4  2 2  3  0
Alternate method: 3 1 1 2 1 3
The d.r.s. of the line joining the points x 1 y  2 z  3
(3, 4, 1) and (2, 1, 5) are 1, 5, 6.
 2 2 1  0
The plane passes through (2, –3, 1)
 the equation of required plane is 2 1 2
1(x – 2) + 5(y + 3) – 6(z – 1) = 0  (x  1) (4 –1)  (y  2) (4 + 2)
 x + 5y – 6z + 19 = 0 + (z  3) (2  4) = 0
 5x + 5  6y + 12  2z + 6 = 0
23. The d.r.s. of the line joining the points
 5x  6y  2z + 23 = 0
(4, 1, 2) and (3, 2, 3) are 7, 3, 1
 5x + 6y + 2z = 23
The plane passes through (10, 5, 4)
 The equation of required plane is 28. Equation of plane passing through
(1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 1) and (3, 1, 2) is
7 (x + 10)  3 (y 5) 1 (z  4) = 0
x 1 y  2 z  3
 7x + 70  3y + 15  z + 4 = 0
 7x  3y  z + 89 = 0 2 1 3  2 1 3  0
3 1 1 2 2  3
24. The equation of the plane is
b(x – 1) + c(y – 1) + a(z – 1) = 0 ….(i) x 1 y  2 z  3
Now, 2001 = 3  23  29  1 1 2  0
Since, a  b  c 2 1 1
 a = 3, b = 23 and c = 29  (x – 1) (–3) – (y – 2) (3) + (z – 3) (–3) = 0
Substituting the values of a, b, c in equation  –3x + 3 – 3y + 6 – 3z + 9 = 0
(i), we get  x + y +z = 6
23x + 29y + 3z = 55 Comparing the above equation with
ax + by + cz = d, we get
25. r = (1  p  q) a + p b + q c a = 1, b = 1, c = 1
 r = a + p b  a  + q c  a  ....(i) Now, a + 2b + 3c = (1) + 2(1) + 3(1) = 6
Comparing with r  A   B  C , 29. The equation of the required plane is
the equation (i) represents a plane passing (x + 2y + 3z + 4) + (4x + 3y + 2z + 1) = 0
....(i)
through a point having position vector a and The plane passes through origin i.e., (0, 0, 0)
parallel to the vectors b  a and c  a .  4+=0=–4
354
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
53. A1 = x2, and A2 = y2 4 3
57. V= r
dA1 dx dA 2 dy 3
 = 2x , and = 2y
dt dt dt dt 4 3
dA 2 dy  288  = r
2y 3

dA 2
= dt = dt = y  dy   r = 6 cm
dA1 dA1 dx x  dx  4
2x V = r 3
dt dt 3
Given, y = x + x2
dV dr
dy  = 4r2
 = 1 + 2x dt dt
dx
dr
dA 2 y  4 = 4r2
 = (1 + 2x) dt
dA1 x
dr 1
x  x2  = 2
= (1 + 2x) dt r
x Now, A = 4r2
= (1 + x) (1 + 2x) = 2x2 + 3x + 1
dA dr
 = 8r
2 dt dt
54. h = 6 m, r = 4 m = h
3 1
= 8r  2
1 2 r
V = r h
3 8 8 4
1 4 = = = cm2/sec
 V =   h3 r 6 3
3 9
4 3
dV 4 2 dh 58. Volume = V = r
 = h 3
dt 9 dt
dV dV dr
But = 3 m3/min and h = 3 m  = 4r2 . , at r = 7 cm
dt dt dt
4 dh dr dr 5
 3= 9  35 = 4(7)2  =
9 dt dt dt 28
2
dh 3 Surface area, S = 4r
 = m/min dS dr  5 
dt 4π  = 8r = 8(7)  2
 = 10 cm /min
dt dt  28  
4 3
55. V= r
3 4 3
59. V= r
dV dr dr 1 dV 3
 = 4r2.  = .
dt dt dt 4r 2 dt dV dr
 = 4r2 ….(i)
dr 1 dt dt
 =  900
dt 4    15  15 After 49 min, (4500 – 49  72) = 972 m3
dr 1 7 4
 = =  972  = r3
dt  22 3
4 3  r3 = 3  243 = 3  35
56. Here, V = r and S = 4r2  r=9
3
dV
dV dr dr 40  Given, = 72
 = 4r2  = = dt
dt dt dt 4r 2
32
dS dr  dr 
 = 8r  72 = 4  9  9   ….[From (i)]
dt dt  dt 
5 dr 2
= 8  8  = 10 cm2/min  
32 dt 9
486
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
4 3 1
60. Volume of sphere (V) = r 64. Let f(x) = 3
x  x3
3
Surface area of sphere (A) = 4r2 1  23 1
 f (x) = x = 2
dV dA 3
= 4r2 and = 8r 3x 3
dr dr Here, a = –1, and h = 0.01
 dV  f (a + h)  f (a) + h f (a)
 dV   dr  4πr 2 r 1
1
   = = =  (1) 3  0.01 
 dA   dA  8πr 2 2
  3  1 3
 dr 
 dV  4  – 1 + 0.0033
   = = 2 cm3/cm2  – 0. 9967
 dA  r  4 2
61. W = nw, n = 2t2 + 3 and w = t2  t + 2 65. Let f(x) = 5 x = x1/5
dW dn dw dn dW 1 1
 w n ,  4t,  2t  1  f  (x) = x–4/5 =
dt dt dt dt dt 5 5x 4/5
At t = 1, Here, a = 243 and h = –0.001
dn dW f(a + h) ≈ f(a) + h f  (a)
n = 5, w = 2,  4, 1 1
dt dt = (243)1/5 – 0.001 ×
5  243
4/5
 dW 
   = 2(4) + 5(1) = 13
 dt (t 1) 0.001
=3–
62. According to the given condition, 5  81
dy dx 1
=8 ….(i) =3–
dt dt 405000
Given, 6y = x3 + 2 ….(ii) 1214999
 f(242.999) =
 dy  dx 405000
 6   = 3x2
 dx  dt 66. Let f(x) = cos x
 8dx   f  (x) = –sin x
2 dx
6   = 3x ….[From (i)] Here, a = 30 and h = 1 = 0.0174
 dt  dt
 f(a + h) ≈ f(a) + h f  (a)
 3x2 = 48  x2 = 16  x = 4
Putting x = 4 in (ii), we get 3  1 
≈ + 0.0174  
6y = (4)3 + 2 = 64 + 2 2  2 
 y = 11 1.73 0.0174
≈ –
Putting x =  4 in (ii), we get 2 2
y =  64 + 2 ≈ 0.8563
 62 31 67. f(x) = ex (sin x – cos x)
 y= =
6 3  f (x) = ex (sin x –cos x) + ex (cos x + sin x)
 the required points on the curve are (4, 11) and  f (x) = 2ex sin x
 31  Now, f (c) = 0
  4, .  2 ec sin c = 0
 3 
 sin c = 0 = sin 
63. f(x) = x3 + 5x2 – 7x + 9 c=
 f (x) = 3x2 + 10x – 7
Here, a = 1 and h = 0.1   3 
68. Here, f   = e0 = 1 and f   = e0 = 1
 f(a) = f(1) = 13 + 5(1)2 – 7(1) + 9 = 8 2  2 
and f (a) = f (1) = 3(1)2 + 10(1) – 7 = 6   3 
 f = f 
 f (a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)  
2  2 
 8 + 0.1 (6)  Third condition of Rolle’s theorem is satisfied
 8 + 0.6  8.6 by option (A) only.
487
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
69. (A) f(x) = | x | is not differentiable at x = 0. 1
f    f (0)
 2
(B) f(x) = tan x is discontinuous at x = . f (c) =  
2 1
2
0
2
(C) f(x) = 1  ( x  2) 3 is not differentiable at
3
x = 2. 2
(D) f(x) = x(x  2)2 is a polynomial function.  2c – 3 = 4
1
 f(x) is continuous on [0, 2] and differentiable
2
on (0, 2).
Also, f (0) = f (2)
5 1
 2c = +3c=
Hence, Rolle’s theorem is applicable. 2 4
70. f(x) = ex 2x  3
74. f(x) =
 f(0) = e0 = 1, f(1) = e and f (x) = ex 4x 1
By mean value theorem, 5
f (b)  f (a) f(1) = , f(2) = 1
f (c)  3
ba
f  (x) =
 4 x  1 2    2 x  3 4  = 14
e b  ea
 4 x  1  4 x  1
2
 f (c) 
2

ba
e 1  By Lagrange's mean value theorem,
 ec  f  2   f 1
1 0 f  (c) =
 c  log(e  1) 2 1
5
71. f (x) = x2 1
14 3
f (2) = 4, f (4) = 16  =
 4c  1
2
1
f (x) = 2x
 By Lagrange’s mean value theorem, 14
 (4c – 1)2 =
f (4)  f (2) 2
f (c) =
42 3
16  4  16c2 – 8c + 1 = 21
 2c =
2  4c2 – 2c – 5 = 0
c=3 1  21
c=
4
72. f(x) = x
75. f(x) = cos x
 f(a) = f(4) = 4 = 2, f(b) = f(9) = 9 = 3 and 
1  f(0) = 1, f   = 0 and f (x) = sinx
f (x) = 2
2 x By mean value theorem,
f (b)  f (a) 3 2 1 f (b)  f (a)
Given, f (c) = = = f (c) =
ba 94 5 ba
1 1 25 
 = c= = 6.25 f    f (0)
2 c 5 4
 sin c =  2 

73. f (x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) 0
 f (x) = x2 – 3x + 2 2
f (0) = 2 0 1 2
sin c = 
1 3  
f  = 2
2 4
2 2
f  (x) = 2x – 3  sin c =  c = sin1  
By Lagrange’s mean value theorem,  
488
 Chapter 08: Plane
48. d.r.s. of normal to the plane are 2, –3, 6 x4 y2 zk
53. line   lies on the plane
d.r.s. of X-axis are 1, 0, 0. 1 1 2
 The angle between the plane and X-axis is 2x  4y + z = 7.
aa1  bb1  cc1  Point (4, 2, k) lies on the plane 2x  4y + z = 7
sin  =
a  b 2  c 2 a12  b12  c12
2
 2(4)  4(2) + k = 7
2 1  3  0   6  0  k=7
=
4  9  36  1 54. Line is perpendicular to normal of plane

=
2   
 2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ . l ˆi  mjˆ  kˆ  0
7 2l  m  3 = 0 ....(i)
2
–1 (3,  2, 4) lies on the plane lx+my – z = 9
  = sin  
7  3l  2m + 4 = 9
But  = sin–1   3l  2m = 5 ....(ii)
2 Solving (i) and (ii)
 =
7 l = 1, m = 1
49. The d.r.s. of line are 1, 2,  and l2 + m2 = 2
The d.r.s. of normal to the plane are 1, 2, 3.
1(1)  2 ( 2)   (3) 55. The d.r.s. of the XY-plane are 0, 0, 1
 sin  = the d.r.s. of the given line are l, m, n
1  4  9 1  4  2
Since, the line is parallel to the plane
5  3
 sin  =  aa1 + bb1 + cc1 = 0
14 5   2  l(0) + m(0) + n(1) = 0
(5  3)2 n=0
 sin2  =
14(5   2 )
56. Let the position vector of Q be
5 (5  3)2
1 =
14 14(5   2 )    
ˆi  ˆj  2kˆ +  3iˆ  ˆj  5kˆ

 5  = (3 + 1) î + (  1) ĵ + (5 + 2) k̂
....  cos   (given) 
 14   PQ = (3  2) î + (  3) ĵ + (5  4) k̂
9 25  30  9 2
Since, PQ is parallel to the plane
 =
14 14(5   2 )  (32)(1) + (3)(4) + (54)(3) = 0 
On solving, we get 1
2   
= 4
3
50. Let a, b, c = 3, 2 + , 1 and a1, b1, c1 = 1, 2, 0 57. The plane passes through points (– 3, 0, 2) and
Since, the line lies on the plane (3, 2, 6)
 aa1 + bb1 + cc1 = 0 This points satisfies the equation of plane in
 3(1) + (2 + ) (2) + (1) (0) = 0 option (D)
1  option (D) is correct answer.
=
2 58. Lines are coplanar if
51. The line is parallel to the plane if x2  x1 y2  y1 z 2  z1
aa1 + bb1 + cc1 = 0
a1 b1 c1 =0
Consider option (B), 2(3) + 1(4)  2(5) = 0
 2x + y  2z = 0 is the required plane. a2 b2 c2
52. The equation of the plane is ax + by + cz + d = 0 1 2 4  3 5  4
 the d.r.s. of the normal to the plane are a, b, c  1 1 k = 0
Since the given line is parallel to the plane,
k 2 1
 al + bm + cn = 0
357
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
88. f(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 24x + 5 92. If f(x) = (a + 2)x3 – 3ax2 + 9ax – 1
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0 decreases monotonically for all x  R,
 3x2 – 6x – 24 > 0 then f (x)  0 for all x  R
 x2 – 2x – 8 > 0  3(a + 2)x2 – 6ax + 9a  0 for all x  R
 x2 – 4x + 2x – 8 > 0  (a + 2)x2 – 2ax + 3a  0 for all x  R
 (x + 2) (x – 4) > 0  a + 2 < 0 and Discriminant  0
 x (– , – 2)  (4, )  a < – 2, – 8a2 – 24a  0
89. f(x) = 2x3  9x2  12x + 1  a < – 2 and a(a + 3)  0
 f (x) = 6x2  18x  12  a < – 2, a  – 3 or a  0
For f(x) to be decreasing, f (x)  0 a–3–<a–3
  6x2  18x  12  0 x
 x2 + 3x + 2  0  (x + 2)(x + 1)  0 93. f(x) =
x 1
2
 x  2 or x  1
 x  (1, ) or (, 2)  f(x) =
x 2
 1 1  x  2 x 
=
1  x2
x  1 x  1
2 2 2 2

90. f(x) = x + 1  x
1 For f(x) to be increasing
 f  (x) = 1 – 1  x2
2 1 x f(x) > 0  >0
 x2  1
2
For f(x) to be decreasing f  (x) < 0
1 x2 + 1  0  x2  –1
1– <0
2 1 x 1 – x2 > 0
1  x2 < 1
1<
2 1 x  x  (–1, 1)
 2 1 x < 1
 4 (1 – x) < 1 94. f(x) = log(1 + x)  2 x
2 x
1
1–x< 1 (2  x).(2)  2 x(1)
4  f (x) = 
1 x (2  x) 2
3
 <x x2
4  f (x) =
( x  1)( x  2) 2
3 
 x   ,1  f (x)  0 for all x  0
4 
Hence, f(x) is increasing on (0, ).
91. f(x) = sin4 x + cos4 x
95. f(x) = (x + 2)ex
 f (x) = – sin 4x
 f (x) = ex  ex (x + 2) = ex (x + 1)
 f (x) > 0
For f(x) to be increasing,
 – sin 4x > 0  ex (x + 1)  0  ex (x + 1)  0
 sin 4x < 0  (x + 1)  0
 (2n + 1)  < 4x < (2n + 2)   x < 1
(2n  1) (n  1)  x  (, 1)
 < x <
4 2  the function is increasing in (, 1).
   For f(x) to be decreasing,  ex (x + 1)  0
For n = 0, < x <
4 2  ex (x + 1)  0
 4 3 x+1>0
Now, = >
2 8 8  x > 1
  3   x  (1, )
 f(x) is increasing in  ,  .
4 8   the function is decreasing in (1, ).
490
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
1   
96. f(x) = 3x2  2x + 1,  f (x) = 6x  2  0  x   <x+ <
3 2 4 2
Option (A) is incorrectly matched. 3 
ln(  x)   <x<
97. Let f(x) = 4 4
ln(e  x)   
1 1  f(x) is an increasing function in   ,  .
ln(e  x)   ln(  x)   2 4
 f (x) =  x e x
101. f(x) = log(sin x + cos x)
ln(e  x)
2

cos x  sin x 1  tan x  

(e  x) ln(e  x)  (   x ) ln(   x )  f (x) = = = tan   x 
= sin x  cos x 1  tan x 4 
ln(e  x)
2
 (e  x )(   x)
For f(x) to be increasing,
 f (x)  0 for all x  0 ….[   e] f (x) > 0
 f(x) is decreasing on [0, ).
 
98. f(x) = x3  10x2 + 200x  10  tan   x  > 0
 f (x) = 3x2  20x + 200 4 
For f(x) to be increasing f (x) > 0  
0< x<
 3x2  20x + 200 > 0 4 2
 20 200 100 100   
 3  x2  x    0  <x<
 3 3 9 9  4 4
  
10  500 
2
 <x<
 3  x    0 4 4
 3 9 
  
2  x   , 
 10  500  4 4
 3 x   0
 3 3
Always increasing throughout real line. 102. f(x) =  e x ( x  1)( x  2)dx
3
 f (x) = ex(x  1) (x  2)
99. f(x) = x 2 (3x  10), x  0
3
For f(x) to be decreasing, f (x) < 0
3 12  ex (x  1) (x  2) < 0
 f (x) = x (3 x  10) + x 2 (3)
2  (x  1) (x  2) < 0
15 12  x  (1, 2)
= x ( x  2)
2
For f(x) to be increasing, x
103. f(x) =
15 12 sin x
f (x)  0  x ( x  2)  0 sin x  x cos x cos x(tan x  x)
2  f (x) = 
 x  2  x  [2, ) sin 2 x sin 2 x
 f (x) > 0 for 0 < x  1
100. f(x) = tan1 (sin x + cos x)
1  f(x) is an increasing function.
 f (x) =  (cos x  sin x) x
1  (sin x  cos x) 2 Now, g(x) =
sin x
 
2 cos  x   tan x  x sec 2 x
 4  g(x) =
= tan 2 x
1  (sin x  cos x ) 2
sin x cos x  x
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0 =
sin 2 x
 
 2 cos  x   > 0 sin 2 x  2 x
 4 =
2sin 2 x
   g (x) < 0 for 0 < x  1.
 cos  x   > 0
 4  g(x) is a decreasing function.
491
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
104. f(x) = sin x  cos x 1
109. f(x) = a sin x + sin 3x
    3
 f (x) = cos x + sin x = 2 cos  x   
  4  1
 f (x) = a cos x + 3 cos 3x
For f(x) to be decreasing, f (x) < 0 3
   f (x) = a cos x + cos 3x
 2 cos  x   < 0
 4 
Now, f     0
  3
 cos  x   < 0  a
 4  a cos + cos = 1=0
  3 3 7 3 2
 <x <   x< a=2
2 4 2 4 4
110. Clearly, it has a maximum at x = 1.
105. h(x) = f(x)  (f(x))2 + (f(x))3
 h(x) = f (x)  2f(x) f (x) + 3(f(x))2 f (x) 112. y = x3 – 3x2 + 5
= f (x) [1  2 f(x) + 3 (f(x))2] f (x) = x3 – 3x2 + 5
Here, 1  2 f(x) + 3(f(x))2 > 0 for all f(x) f (x) = 3x2 – 6x
 h(x) > 0, if f (x) > 0 and h(x) < 0, if f (x)<0 f ″(x) = 6x  6
 h is increasing whenever f is increasing f (x) = 0 at x = 0, x = 2
and h is decreasing whenever f is decreasing. f (0) < 0, f (2) > 0
 f (x) is maximum at x = 0
106. f(x) = [x(x  2)]2
 f(x) = x2 (x  2)2 113. Let f(x) = 2x3 – 15x2 + 36x + 4
f (x) = x2{2(x  2)} + (x  2)2 (2x)  f  (x) = 6x2 – 30x + 36 = 0 at x = 3, 2
= 2x(x  2) {x + (x 2)}  f  (x) = 12x – 30 is –ve at x = 2
= 4x(x  2)(x  1)  maximum value of f(x) attained at x = 2
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0 114. f (x) = 6x2  6x  12
 4x(x  1)(x  2) > 0 f (x) = 0  (x  2)(x + 1) = 0  x = 1, 2
 x(x  1)(x  2) > 0  x  (0, 1)  (2, ∞) Here f(4) = 128  48  48 + 5 = 37
107. y = {x(x – 3)}2 f(1) = 2  3 + 12 + 5 = 12
 y = x2 (x – 3)2 f(2) = 16  12  24 + 5 = 15
dy f(2) = 16  12 + 24 + 5 = 1
 = 2x(x – 3)2 + 2(x – 3)x2  the maximum value of function is 37 at x = 4.
dx
= 2x(x – 3)[x – 3 + x] 115. Given f(x) = x(1 x)2, f(x) = x3  2x2 + x
= 2x(x – 3)(2x – 3)  f (x) = 3x2  4x + 1
dy Put f (x) = 0 i.e., 3x2  4x + 1 = 0
For y to be increasing, >0
dx  3x2  3x  x + 1 = 0  x = 1, 1/3
 2x(x – 3) (2x – 3) > 0 f (x) = 6x  4
 x(x – 3)(2x – 3) > 0  x   0,
3  f (1) = 2 > 0 and f (1/3) = 2 < 0

 2 1
 f(x) is maximum at x = .
3
108. f(a) = 2a2 – 3a + 10
f (a) = 4a – 3  f (a) = 4 > 0 1 4
 Maximum value = f   =
For minimum value of f (a),  3  27
3
f (a) = 0  a = 250
4 116. Let f(x) = x 2 
x
3 250
 f(a) is minimum at a = .  f (x) = 2x – 2
4 x
2
3 3 3 71 500
 [f(a)]min  f   = 2    3    10 =  f (x) = 2  3
4 4 4 8 x
492
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Solving (ii) and (iii), we get  1 1 1  1 1 
 Centroid   , ,  =  , , 1
a =  1, b =  7, c =  4  3a 3b 3c   6 3 
Substituting the values of a, b, c in equation  3a = 6  a = 2
(i), we get
3b = –3  b = –1
1(x + 1)  7(y – 3)  4(z) = 0
1
 x + 7y + 4z – 20 = 0 3c = 1  c =
3
 The distance of this plane from the point
(5, 7, 8) is 1
 a + b + 3c = 2 – 1 + 3   = 2
 
3
1(5)  7(7)  4(8)  20 66
d=   66 1 9 7 
12  7 2  42 66
78. [a b c]  8 2 7  = [0 0 0]
73. Given planes are  7 3 7 
2x + y + 2z – 8 = 0
 a + 8b + 7c = 0, 9a + 2b + 3c = 0,
4x + 2y + 4z – 16 = 0 ….(i)
7a + 7b + 7c = 0
and 4x + 2y + 4z + 5 = 0 ….(ii)  a = 1, b = 6, c = 7
The distance between two parallel planes is P(a, b, c) lies on the plane 2x + y + z = 1.
d1  d 2 16  5 21 7  7a + b + c = 7 + 6  7 = 6
d= = = = 79. The equation of the required plane is
a 2  b2  c2 42  22  42 6 2
(2x – 5y + z  3) + (x + y + 4z  5) = 0 ….(i)
74. x2  5x + 6 = 0  (2 + )x + (5 + )y + (1 + 4)z + ( 3 – 5) = 0
 (x – 2) = 0 or (x  3) = 0, which represents Since, this plane is parallel to x + 3y + 6z = 1
a plane. 2   5   1  4
  
75. Here, the co-ordinates of A, B, C are (3a, 0, 0) 1 3 6
On solving, we get
(0, 3b, 0) and (0, 0, 3c) respectively.
11
 The centroid is (a, b, c). = 
2
76. Let A  (a, 0, 0), B  (0, b, 0) and C  (0, 0, c) Substituting the value of  in equation (i), we
The equation of the plane in intercept form is get
x y z 11
  =1 (2x – 5y + z  3)  (x + y + 4z  5) = 0
a b c 2
Since, centriod is (6, 6, 3)  –7x – 21y – 42z + 49 = 0
x  x  x3  x + 3y + 6z –7 = 0
 6= 1 2
3  1 9 25 
a 00 80. The point  , ,  satisfies both the
6=  a = 18  11 11 11 
3 equations
0b0  it is the point of intersection.
Similarly = 6  b = 18
3 Alternate method:
00c x y 1 z  2
=3c=9 Let    (say)
3 1 2 3
x y z Any general point on the line is (, 2+1, 3–2)
 The equation of plane is   =1 This point lies on the plane 2x + 3y + z = 0
18 18 9
 x + y + 2z 18 = 0  2 + 3(2 + 1) + (3  2) = 0
1
77. Given equation of plane is ax + by + cz = 1  
11
1   1  1 25
 A   , 0 , 0 , B   0, , 0  and 9
a   b   x , y ,z
11 11 11
 1  1 9 25 
C  0 , 0 ,   The point is  , , 
 c  11 11 11 

360
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
124. f (x) = x2 + ex 128. Let x and y be the lengths of two adjacent sides
f (x) = 2x + ex of the rectangle.
f ″ (x) = 2 + ex Then, its perimeter is P = 2(x + y) ….(i)
f ‴ (x) = ex P  2x
y=
f ( x ) = ex 2
 f3 = f4  n = 3 Area of rectangle, A = xy
 P  2 x  Px  2 x
2
125. Let x and y be the lengths of two adjacent =x  

sides of the rectangle.  2  2
Then, its perimeter is 2(x + y) = 36 dA P  4 x 2
dA
 x + y = 18  y = 18  x ….(i)   and 2  2
dx 2 dx
Area of rectangle,
For maximum or minimum,
A = xy = x (18  x) = 18x  x2
dA
dA 0
  18  2 x dx
dx
P  4x
For maximum or minimum,  0
dA 2
= 0  18  2x = 0  x = 9  P = 4x
dx
 2 x + 2y = 4x ….[From (i)]
From (i), y = 18  9 = 9
x=y
126. Total length of wire = r + r + r
 d2A 
 20 = 2r + r   2  x  y  2  0
20  2r   dx 
= r Hence, the area of a rectangle will be
r
maximum when rectangle is a square.
1
A = r 2
2 1000t
129. p(t) = 1000 +
1 2  20  2r  2
100  t 2
= r   = 10r  r dp (100  t 2 )1000  1000t.2t
2  r   
dA dt (100  t 2 ) 2
 = 10  2r
dr 1000(100  t 2 )
=
dA (100  t 2 ) 2
For maximum area, =0
dr For extremum,
 0 = 10  2r  10 = 2r  r = 5 m dp
= 0  t = 10
1 dt
 Area = r (20  2r)
2 dp dp
Now > 0 and <0
1 dt t 10 dt
=  5  (20  10) = 25 sq.m. t 10
2 dp
127. Let x + y = 4  y = 4  x  At t = 10, change from positive to negative.
dt
1 1 x y It is a critical point.
+ =
x y xy  p is maximum at t = 10.
4 4 4  pmax = p(10)
f(x) = = =
xy x(4  x) 4 x  x2 1000.10
= 1000 + = 1050
4 100  102
 f (x) = .(4  2 x )
(4 x  x 2 ) 2 1 1
For maximum or minimum of f(x), 130. f(x) = x +  f (x) = 1 2
x x
f (x) = 0  4  2x = 0  f (x) = 0 x2  1 = 0  x = 1, 1
 x = 2 and y = 2 But it is given that x is positive
1 1 1 1 1
 min    = + = 1  at x = 1, f(x) = 1 + =2
x y 2 2 1

494
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
131. f(x) = x + sin x  f (x) = 1 + cos x For maximum or minimum of f(x), f (x) = 0
Now, f (x) = 0  1 + cos x = 0  cos x = 1  exp(2+ 3 cosx + sinx)(  3 sinx + cosx) = 0
x=
  3 sin x + cos x = 0
Now, f  (x) =  sin x, f  () = 0
f (x) =  cos x 3 1
 sin x  cos x = 0
 f () = 1  0 2 2
 Neither maximum nor minimum.  
 sin  x   = 0
132. Let ,  be the roots of the equation  6
x2  (a  2)x  a + 1 = 0, 
x=
then  +  = a  2,  = a + 1 6
 z = 2 + 2 = ( + )2  2 
Atx = , f (x) is negative
= (a  2)2 + 2(a  1) = a2  2a + 2 6
dz 
 = 2a  2 = 0  a = 1  f has maximum at x = and maximum value
da 6
d 2z 
= 2  0, so z has minima at a = 1 of f at x = is
da 2 6
So 2 + 2 has least value for a = 1. This is   3 1

because we have only one stationary value at f   = exp  2  3     = exp(4)
6 
which we have minima. Hence a = 1.   2  2
x2 1 x2  1  2 2 136. Let y = xx  log y = x.log x, (x  0)
133. f(x) = = 2 =1 2
x 1
2
x 1 x 1 dy
Differentiating, = xx (1 + log x);
2 dx
 f(x)  1 x and f(x)   1as 2
x 1
2
dy
 =0
 1  f(x)  1 dx
 f(x) has minimum value –1. 1
 log x = 1  x = e1 =
e
x2  x  1
134. Let y = 1
x2  x  1  Stationary point is x =
e
dy ( x  x  1) (2 x  1)  ( x  x  1) (2 x  1)
2 2
 = x
dx ( x 2  x  1) 2 1
137. Let f(x) =  
dy 2x2  2  x
 = 2 =0 x
dx ( x  x  1) 2  f(x) = x
 2x2  2 = 0  x = 1, + 1  f (x) =  xx (1 + log x)
d 2 y 4( x 3  3x  1)  f  (x) = xx (1 + log x)2  xx1
= For maximum or minimum of f(x), f (x) = 0
dx 2 x2  x  1
 xx (1 + log x) = 0
d2 y
At x = 1,  0 the function will occupy  1 + log x = 0
dx 2
1
maximum value,  log x = 1 = log
d2 y e
 f(1) = 3 and at x = 1,  0 the function 1
dx 2 x=
will occupy minimum value. e
1 1
1 2  1
 f(1) = 1 1 e  1 1 e
3  f    =   1  log    
e e  e e
1 1
135. Let f(x) = exp(2 + 3 cos x + sin x) 1
= e e (1  1)2  e e
 f (x) = exp(2 + 3 cos x + sin x) 1
1
 (– 3 sin x + cos x) =  ee  0

495
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 140. Let diameter of sphere be AE = 2r
 f has maximum at x = and maximum value Let radius of cone be x and height be y.
e
A
1 1
of f at x = is f   = (e)1/e
e e
y
138. Let r be the radius and h be the height, then
2
h
from the figure, r2 +   = 32
2 B x D C

D C E
 AD = y
O Since, BD2 = AD.DE
3
  x2 = y(2r – y)
A B 1 2 1
r Volume of cone V = x y = y (2r – y)y
3 3
 h2 = 4(9 – r2)
1
 r2 = 36 – h2 = (2ry2 – y3)
Now, V = r2h 3
 V = (36 – h2)h dV 1
 = (4ry – 3y2)
dV dy 3
 = (36 – 3h2)
dh dV
Now =0
dV dy
for max or min, =0
dh 1
 (4ry – 3y2) = 0  y(4r – 3y) = 0
 (36 – 3h2) = 0  h2 = 12  h = 2 3 3
4
139. Let r be the radius and h be the height, then  y = r, 0
2 3
h
from the figure, r2 +   = R2 d2V 1
2 Now 2
= (4r – 6y)
dy 3
D C  d2V  1  4 
  2  =   4r  6  r  < 0
O  dy  y  4 r 3  3 
3
R
4
 So, volume of cone is maximum at y = r.
B 3
A r Height of Cone y 2
 = =
 2 2 2
h = 4(R – r ) Diameter of Sphere 2r 3
Now, V = r2 h = 2r2 R 2  r 2 141.
dV (2r) Y
 = 4r R 2  r 2 +2r2. (–a cos, b sin) (a cos, b sin)
dr 2 R 2  r2 B A
dV
For max. or min., =0 X
dr
2r 3 C D (a cos, – b sin)
 4r R 2  r 2 =  2(R2– r2) = r2 (–a cos, –b sin)
R r
2 2

2 d2V
 2R2 = 3r2  r = R .= –ve Area of rectangle ABCD
3 dr 2
= (2a cos ) (2b sin ) = 2ab sin 2
2 Hence, area of greatest rectangle is equal to
 V is max., when r = R.
3 2ab, when sin 2 = 1.
496
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
142. Let f(x) = x3  px + q. Then, x

f (x) = 3x2  p 145. f(x) = 

0
t sin t dt  f (x) = x sin x
 p  p
= 3  x    x   For local maximum or minimum of f(x),
 3  3 
f (x) = 0  x sin x = 0
The signs of f (x) for different values of x are
as shown below:   5  
 x = , 2 ....  x  0,  
+  +   2 
 p p  The changes in signs of f (x) in the
 neighbourhoods of  and 2 are as shown
3 3
below:
Since, f (x) changes its sign form positive to +  +
p  2
negative in the neighbourhood of  .
3
Clearly, f (x) changes its sign from positive to
p negative in the neighbourhood of x =  and
So,  is a point of local maximum.
3 negative to positive in the neighbourhood of
p x = 2. Thus, f(x) has a local maximum at
Similarly, x = is a point of local minimum.
3 x =  and a local minimum at x = 2.
143. For any x  [0, 1], we have   x  x 2  1, x   1
x2  x  1 
 x  x  1 , 1 x  0
2
2 2 2
 x2 e x  x e x  e x 146. f(x) = |x| + |x2  1| = 
 x  x  1 , 0  x 1
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
 e  x + x2 e x  e  x + x e x  e –x + e x  x  x 2  1 , x 1
 h(x)  g(x)  f(x)
2 2  2x 1 , x  1
Now, f(x) = e x + e  x  2 x  1 , 1 x  0
  > 0 for all x  (0, 1]

 f (x) = 2x e x  e x
2 2
 f (x) = 
2 x  1 , 0  x 1
 f(x) is increasing on (0, 1]  2 x  1 , x 1
 f(1) is the maximum value of f(x) on [0, 1] Here, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1, 0, 1.
 a = e + e1
The changes in signs of f (x) for different
Also, f(1) = g(1) = h(1) = e + e1 values of x are as shown below:
 a = b = c = e + e1  +  +  +
144. If f(x) has a local minimum at x = 1, then 1 1/2 0 1/2 1
lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )
x 1 x 1 So, f (x) changes its sign at 5 points.
 lim (2 x  3)  lim (k  2 x) Hence, total number of points of local
x 1 x 1
maximum or local minimum of f(x) is 5.
2+3=k+2k=1
Y  ex , 0  x 1
 x 1
f(x) = k2x 147. f(x) =  2  e , 1 x  2
f(x) = 2x+3 x e , 2 x3

x
(1, 1) and g(x) =  f (t)dt, x  [1, 3]
0

2  e x 1 1  x  2
X (1, 0) O X  g(x) = f(x) = 
 xe 2 x3
Now, g(x) = 0  x = 1 + loge 2 and x = e
Also, g(x) > 0 for x  (1, 1 + loge 2)
Y and g(x) < 0 for x  (1 + loge 2, 2).
497
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 The equation of the line AM is The planes given by equation (i) and (ii) are
x  2 y 1 z  3 parallel.
  = k, say
3 2 1  A=1
 x = 3k + 2, y = 2k  1, z = k + 3 distance between the planes (D) is
Let M  (3k + 2, 2k  1, k + 3) d d
D= 
 equation of plane becomes
12   2   12 6
2

3(3k + 2)  2(2k  1)  (– k + 3) = 9
2 d
 k=  = 6
7 6

6 4 2   20 11 19   |d| = 6
 M    2,   1,   3    ,  , 
7 7 7   7 7 7 10. P(2, 1, 2)
Since, M is the mid point of AB.
x1  2 20 y1  1 11 z  3 19
 = ,  , 1 
2 7 2 7 2 7 Q 2x + y + z = 9
26 15 17
 x1 = , y1 =  , z1 =
7 7 7
 26 15 17 
Image of A is B  ,  ,  Since, direction cosines of PQ are equal and
 7 7 7 
positive
8. Since, a and b are coplanar, a  b is a vector 1 1 1
 the d.r.s. of PQ are , ,
3 3 3
perpendicular to the plane containing a and b .
 The equation of the line PQ is
Similarly, c  d is a vector perpendicular to the
x  2 y 1 z  2
plane containing c and d .  
1 1 1
The two planes will be parallel, if their normals 3 3 3
a  b and c  d are parallel.  x – 2 = y + 1 = z  2 = k, say
 a  b   c  d   0  Co-ordinate of the point Q are
(k + 2, k  1, k + 2)
9. Equation of the plane containing the given The point Q lies on the plane 2x + y + z = 9
lines is  2(k + 2) + k  1 + k + 2 = 9
x 1 y  2 z  3  4k + 5 = 9 k=1
2 3 4 =0  Q  (3, 0, 3)
3 4 5
3  2   0  1   3  2 
2 2 2
 PQ =
 (x  1) (15  16)  (y  2) (10  12)
= 111 = 3
+ (z  3) (8  9) = 0
 (x  1) (1)  (y  2) (2) + (z  3) (1) = 0 11. Let A  (a, 0, 0), B  (0, b, 0), C  (0, 0, c)
 x + 1 + 2y  4  z + 3 = 0 a b c
 G  (x, y, z)   , , 
 x + 2y  z = 0  3 3 3
 x  2y + z = 0 ….(i) a b c
 = x, = y, = z
Given equation of plane is 3 3 3
Ax  2y + z = d ….(ii)  a = 3x, b = 3y, c = 3z ….(i)
364
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
dx  a0 = 0, a1 = 0, a2 = 2
153. v = = 4t3  3kt2
dt  f(x) = 2x2 + a3x3 + a4x4
dv  f (x) = 4x + 3a3x2 + 4a4x3 = x(4 + 3a3x + 4a4x2)
 = 12t2 – 6kt Given, f (1) = 0 and f (2) = 0
dt
dv  4 + 3a3 + 4a4 = 0 ….(i)
At t = 2, =0 and 4 + 6a3 + 16a4 = 0 ….(ii)
dt Solving (i) and (ii), we get
 48 – 12k = 0  k = 4 1
154. Since, f(x) satisfies the conditions of Rolle’s a4 = , a3 = –2
2
theorem.
x4
 f(2) = f(1)  f(x) = 2x2 – 2x3 +
2 2
Now,  f ( x)dx  [f ( x)]  f (2)  f (1)  0
2
1  f(2) = 8 – 16 + 8 = 0
1

155. It is always increasing. 

159. tan A. tan B is maximum if A = B =
Y 6
1
 Maximum of tanA.tanB =
f(x) = x 3
X 160. According to the given condition,
4x + 2r = 2
 2x + r = 1 ....(i)
2
 1  r 
156. f(x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d A = x2 + r2 =   + r
2

 f (x) = 3x2 + 2bx + c  2 

Now its discriminant = 4(b2  3c) dA  1  r   
 = 2     2r
 4(b2  c)  8c < 0, as b2 < c and c > 0 dr  2  2 
 f (x) > 0 for all x  R dA
 f is strictly increasing on R. For maximum or minimum, =0
dr
157. Since x = 1 and x = 3 are extreme points of p(x).  (1 – r) = 4r
 p (1) = 0 and p (3) = 0  1 = 4r + r ...(ii)
 (x 1) and (x  3) are the factors of p (x). From (i) and (ii), we get
 p (x) = k(x  1) (x  3) = k(x2  4x + 3) 2x + r = 4r + r
 x3   x = 2r
 p(x) = k   2 x 2  3x  + c
 3  1  sin x
161. f(x) = tan–1
Given, p(1) = 6 and p(3) = 2 1  sin x
1  2
 6 = k   2  3  + c and 2  x x
 3   cos  sin 
 2 2
= k(918+9) + c = tan–1 2
 x x
4k  cos  sin 
6= + c and c = 2  k = 3  2 2
3
 p(x) = 3(x2  4x + 3)
   x   x
= tan–1  tan     = 
 p (0) = 9   4 2  4 2
158. Let f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 + a4x4 1  
 f (x) = and at x = , f(x) =
 f ( x)  2 6 3
Given, lim 1  2  = 3
x 0
 x   
 equation of the normal at  ,  is
f ( x) 6 3
 lim 2 = 3 – 1 = 2
x 0 x    2
y– = – 2  x    y + 2x =
a  a x  a 2 x 2  a 3 x3  a 4 x 4 3  6 3
 lim 0 1 2
x 0 x2 Only option (A) satisfies this equation.
499
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

Evaluation Test
1. Let f(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx Putting y = 2 in the equation of the curve,
 f(0) = 0 we get
and f(3) = a.34 + b.33 + c.32 + d.3 1
= 81a + 27b + 9c + 3d x=
2
= 3(27a + 9b + 3c + d)
1 
=30  the point of contact is  ,  2  .
2 
 f(0) = f(3) = 0
f(x) is a polynomial function, it is continuous 1
4. f(x) = tan1x  log x
and differentiable. 2
Now, f (x) = 4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2cx + d 1 1 ( x  1) 2
By Rolle’s theorem, there exist at least 1 root  f (x) =  = 
1  x2 2x 2 x(1  x 2 )
of the equation f (x) = 0 in between 0 and 3.
Now, f (x) = 0  x = 1
2. The equation of the curve is y = x2 + bx + c. 1  3.14
dy f(1) = tan1 1  log 1 = = = 0.785
 = 2x + b ….(i) 2 4 4
dx Since, we are finding maxima on an interval
Since, the curve touches the line y = x at (1,1).
 1 
 [2x + b](1, 1) = 1  , 3  . We have to find the value of f(x) at
 2(1) + b = 1  3 
 1 
 b = 1
Substituting the value of b in equation (i),

 3
 and 3 
we get  1   1
1 1 1
dy f  = tan + log 3 =  log 3
= 2x  1  3 3 4 6 4
dx
Since, gradient is negative. 3.14 1 1
=  log 3 = 0.52 +  1.0986
dy 6 4 4
 <0 = 0.52 + 0.2746 = 0.7946
dx
 1
 2x  1 < 0
 2x < 1
  1
f ( 3) = tan1 3  log 3 =  log 3
4 3 4
1 3.14
x< =  0.2746
2 3
= 1.04  0.2746
3. The equation of the parabola is y2 = 8x.
= 0.7654
dy
 2y = 8  1
dx  the greatest value of f(x) is + log 3.
6 4
dy 8 4
 = = = m1 
dx 2y y 5. +=
2
Slope of given line, m2 = 3
 
m1  m 2  cos  = cos     = sin 
Since, tan  =  2 
1  m1m 2
1
4 Let y = cos  cos  = cos  sin  = sin2
3 2
 y
 tan = dy 1
4 1 4 3  = cos 2.2 = cos 2
d 2
y
dy 
4  3y Now, = 0  cos 2 = 0  2 =
1= d 2
y  12 
 y = 2 or y = 8 =
4
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 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives

d2 y x  3x 
Also, =  2 sin 2 =  2 < 0  = or =
d 2 2 2 2 2
 
 y is maximum when  =  x =  or x =
4 3
 f (x) =  sin x  2 sin 2x < 0, only when
 it is maximum at  =
4 
x=
6. Let P(x1, y1) be the point on the curve at which 3
tangent is drawn. 
The equation of the curve is xy = c2.  The maximum value of function is at
3
dy
 x + y(1) = 0  3  1 3 3 3 3
dx   =
f = 1   =
 dy  y 3 2  2 2 2 4
   =  1
 dx ( x1 , y1 ) x1 9. f(x) = sin4x + cos4x
 The equation of the tangent is = (sin2x + cos2x)2  2 sin2x cos2x
y 1
y  y1 =  1 (x  x1)  f(x) = 1  sin22x
x1 2
 yx1  x1y1 =  xy1 + x1y1 1
 xy1 + yx1 = 2x1y1  f (x) =  (2 sin 2x cos 2x)  2
2
x y
 + =1 f (x) =  2 sin 2x cos 2x
2 x1 2 y1
Now, f (x) = 0
 The tangent meets the X-axis in the point
 sin 2x = 0 or cos 2x = 0
A(2x1, 0) and the Y-axis in the point B(0, 2y1)
 P is the mid point of AB 
 x = 0 or x =
 The ratio is 1 : 1 4
ax 3 bx 2 Since, f (x) = 2 sin 2x cos 2x
7. Let f(x) =   cx  d
3 2  f (x) =  sin 4x
 f (x) = ax2 + bx + c  f(x) =  4 cos 4x
a b 2a  3b  6c  6d For x = 0, f(x) =  4 < 0
Now, f(1) = + + c + d =
3 2 6 
For x = f(x) = 4 > 0
0  6d 4
 f(1) = = d ….[ 2a + 3b + 6c = 0]
6 
Also, f(0) = d  At x = , f(x) is minimum
4
 f(0) = f(1)
f(x) is a polynomial function, it is continuous 1 1 1
 Minimum value of f(x) = 1  (1) = 1  =
and differentiable. 2 2 2
 There exists at least one value of x in (0, 1) at 2 3
 x 2  3
3
which f (x) = ax2 + bx + c = 0 10. 2( x 3)  27 is minimum when  27 is
 one root of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has minimum.
value between 0 and 1. Since, (x2  3)3 + 27
8. f(x) = sin x(1 + cos x) = x6  9x4 + 27x2
= sin x + sin x cos x
= x2(x4  9x2 + 27)
1
 f(x) = sin x + sin 2x  2 9 2 27 
2 2
= x  x      0, for all x
x 3x  2 4 
 f (x) = cos x + cos 2x = 2 cos cos
2 2  Minimum value of (x2  3)3 + 27 is 0.
x 3x 2  3)3  27
 f (x) = 0  cos = 0 or cos = 0  Minimum value of 2( x = 20 = 1
2 2
501
 Chapter 09: Linear Programming
5 3
19. At A (50, 50), P = (50) + (50) + 410 = 610
2 2
5 3
At B (10, 50), P = (10) + (50) + 410 = 510
2 2
5 3
At C (60, 0), P = (60) + (0) + 410 = 560
2 2
5 3
At D (60, 40), P = (60) + (40) + 410 = 620
2 2
 Minimum value of P is 510 at B (10, 50)

20. The corners of given feasible region are A(12, 0), B(4, 2), C(1, 5) and D(0, 10)
At A(12, 0), z = 3(12) + 2(0) = 36
At B(4, 2), z = 3(4) + 2(2) = 16
At C(1, 5), z = 3(1) + 2(5) = 13
At D(0, 10), z = 3(0) + 2(10) = 20
Minimum value of z is 13

21. The corner points of feasible region are (0, 3), (0, 5) and (3, 2)
 At (0, 3), z = 11(0) + 7(3) = 21
At (0, 5), z = 11(0) + 7(5) = 35
At (3, 2), z = 11(3) + 7(2) = 47
 Minimum value of z is 21

 3 24  3  24  51
22. At P  ,  , z = + 2  = = 3.923
 13 13  13  13  13
 3 15  3  15 
At Q  ,  , z = + 2  = 9
2 4  2  4
7 3 7 3
At R  , ,z= + 2  = 5
2 4 2 4
 18 2  18  2  22
At S  ,  , z = + 2  = = 3.143
 7 7 7 7 7
 Maximum value of z is 9, and
22
Minimum value of z is .
7

23. Assume that x and y take arbitrary large values. So the objective function can be made as large as we want.
Hence the problem has unbounded solution.

24. The feasible region is unbounded. x and y can take arbitrary large values.
Hence the problem has unbounded solution.

25. Since there are two disjoint feasible regions, the LPP has no solution.

26. The feasible region is disjoint.

 There is no solution.

367
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
16. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c 19. The functions ex , sin x, cos x are continuous
 f (x) = 2ax + b and differentiable in their respective domains.
since,  and  are roots of the equation  f(x) is continuous and differentiable
ax2 + bx + c = 0
  5 
 f() = f() = 0 Also f   = 0 = f  
 f(x) being a polynomial function in x, 4  4 
it is continuous and differentiable. Now,
 There exists k in (, ) such that f (k) = 0 f (x) =  ex (sin x  cos x) + ex (cos x + sin x)
b = ex ( sin x + cos x + cos x + sin x)
 2ak + b = 0,  k=
2a = 2ex cos x
But k  [, ] Also, f (x) = 0  cos x = 0
 <k<    5 
b  x=   , 
 < < 2 4 4 
2a
17. f(x) = tan1 (sin x + cos x) 20. ay2 = x3 ….(i)
1 Diff. w.r.t.x, we get
 f (x) =  (cos x  sin x) dy
1  (sin x  cos x)2 2ay = 3x2
 dx

2 cos  x   dy 3 x 2
 4  =
= dx 2ay
1  (sin x  cos x ) 2
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0 2ay
 slope of the normal = 
  3x 2
 2 cos  x   > 0
 4 Since, the normal to the given curve makes
equal intercepts with the axis.
 
 cos  x   > 0 2ay
 4   2 = 1
3x
   3 
 <x+ <   <x< 3x 2
2 4 2 4 4 y=
2a
  
 f(x) is an increasing function in   ,  . 3x 2
 2 4 Substituting y = in (i) and solving, we get
2a
18. f(x) = x3  12ax2 + 36a2x  4  4a 8a 
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get the point  ,  .
 9 27 
f (x) = 3x2  12a(2x) + 36a2(1)
= 3x2  24ax + 36a2
Now, f (x) = 0  3x2  24ax + 36a2 = 0
 x2  8ax + 12a2 = 0
 (x  2a) (x  6a) = 0
 x = 2a or x = 6a
Also, f (x) = 6x  24a
[f (x)]x=2a = 12a  24a =  12a < 0
[f (x)]x=6a = 36a  24a = 12a > 0
 Maxima at p = 2a and minima at q = 6a
3p = q2 ….(given)
 3  2a = (6a)2
 6a = 36a2
1
 a=
6
503
 Textbook
Chapter No.

04 Integration
Hints

ax 2  bx 1  c
Classical Thinking
8.  x 3
dx =  (ax  bx 2  cx 3 ) dx
7 x +5 1 1 1
7 x +5 e = ax 2 + bx3 + cx 4 + k
1.  7e dx = 7 + c = e7x + 5 + c 2 3 4
7 3
 1  3 3 1 
 (a  a ) dx   x  x  dx =  x  3 x   3  dx
x 2x
2. 9.
 x x 
ax a2x 1 4
x 3x 2
1
=  . +c = + + 3 log x  2 + c
log a log a 2 4 2 2x
1  x a2x  1 (8 x  12 x  6 x  1)
3 2
= a   +c 10.  (2x + 1)3 dx =  dx
log a  2  x 2
x2
=   8 x  12   2  dx
2 x  3x  2 x 3x  6 1
3.  5 x
dx =   x  x  dx
5 5   x x 
1
  2 x  3 x  = 4x2 + 12x + 6 log x  +c
=         dx x
 5   5  
  3x3  2 x
 x dx  3 x dx  2  x dx
2 1/ 2
x x
11.
2 3
   
=
5 5
+   +c  x3  4 x  c
2 3 1 2
log   log  
5 5 ( x  3 x 2 )2 ( x 2  x 3 )2
2 1
12.  x
dx = 
x
dx
1 ( x  5)
4.  ( x  5) 2
dx =
2  1
+c 1  1 2 4

=   x  2x 2 x 3  x 3  dx
( x  5)1 1
x  
= +c= +c 7 4
1 ( x  5)
 1 1
 2x6 x3
=  1  2x 6  x 3  dx = x + + +c
dx 7 4
5.  =  (1  x)1/2 dx  
1 x 6 3
1
1 2 76 3 43
1  x  2
1
=x+ x + x +c
= c 7 4
 1 
(1)    1 (1  x ) 2 (1  x 2 )  2 x
 2  13. =
x (1  x 2 ) x (1  x 2 )
= 2 1  x  c
1 1
x2  1 1 = +2.
1  x2
 x 3 dx =  x  x x
3
6. dx
(1  x) 2 1 2
= log x +
1
+c
  x(1  x 2 ) dx =  x dx +  (1  x 2 ) dx
2x 2 = log x + 2 tan–1 x + c
1
3x3  2 x sin 2 x  cos 2 x
 dx = 3 x dx  2  x 2 dx
2
7. 15.  dx =  sec2 xdx   cos ec 2 xdx
x 2
sin x cos x 2

= x3  4 x  c = tan x + cot x + c

504
 Chapter 04: Integration

16.  1  cos x dx 22. Put 1 + x2 = t  x dx =

dt
2
x
=  2cos 2 dx 1 1/ 2
x 2
2  1  x 2 dx = t dt
x
= 2  cos   dx 1 t 3/ 2 1
2 =  = (1 + x2)3/2 + c
2 3/ 2 3
x
= 2 2 sin   + c 1
2 23. Put t = tan1 x  dt = dx
1 x 2
2
 x x 1
etan x
17.   cos 2  sin 2  dx  tan 1 x
 1  x2 dx =  et dt = et + c = e + c
 x x x x 24. Put t = 1 + tan x  dt = sec2 x dx
=   cos 2  sin 2  2sin cos  dx
 2 2 2 2 sec 2 x 1
=  (1  sin x)dx = x + cos x + c
  1  tan x dx =  t dt  log t  c
= log |1 + tan x| + c
18. f (x) =  f ( x)dx 25. Put log sin x = t
   x 2  5 dx  cot x dx = dt
cot x dt
x3
=+ 5x + c
  log sin x dx =  t = log t + c
3 = log(log sin x) + c
0
 f (0) =  0  c 26. Put (1 + sin2 x) = t  sin 2x dx = dt
3 sin 2 x 1
 c = 1   1  sin 2 x dx =  t dt = log t + c
x3 = log(1 + sin2 x) + c
 f (x) = + 5x  1
3
e x  e x
19.
1 
f(x) =  f   x  dx =    x  dx
27. Let I =  e x  e x dx
x  Put ex + ex = t  (ex  ex) dx = dt
2
x dt
= log x + +c  I=  = log t + c = log e x + e  x + c
2 t
12 1
 f (1)  log1   c 28. Put cos1x = t   dx = dt
2 1 x 2
5 1
 =0+ +cc=2 1 1
2 2   cos 1
x 1 x 2
dx =   t dt =  log t +c
x2
 f(x) = log x + +2 =  log |cos1x| + c
2 2
29. Put x + cos x = t
20. Put cos x = t   sin x dx = dt  [1 + 2 cos x (– sin x)] dx = dt
t5  (1 – sin 2x) dx = dt
  sin x cos4 x dx =  t 4 (–dt) = 
5
+c
1  sin 2 x dt
cos5 x
  x  cos2 x dx =  t = log | t | + c
= +c
5 = log | x + cos2 x | + c
1 1
21. Put (1 + log x) = t  dx = dt 30. Put x =t dx = dt
x 2 x
(1  log x)2 t3 cos x
  dx =  t 2 dt = +c   dx = 2 cos t dt
x 3 x
(1  log x)3 = 2 sin t + c
= +c
3 = 2 sin x + c
505
 Chapter 09: Linear Programming
16. Converting the given inequalities into equations, we get x = 5, x = 10, y = 5 and y = 10
The feasible region is as shown in the figure
Y
(5, 10) ( 10 , 10)
y = 10

y=5
(5, 5) (10, 5)

X X
O
x=5 x = 10
Y
 The vertices of the feasible region are (5, 5), (10, 5), (10,10) and (5, 10)
17. Converting the given inequations into equations, we get
x y
2x + 3y = 6 i.e.   1 ….(i)
3 2 Y
x y
5x + 3y = 15 i.e.   1 ….(ii) (0,5)
3 5
 Equation (i) intersects the axes at points (3, 0) and (0, 2) 5x+3y=15
Equation (ii), intersects at points (3, 0) and (0, 5). 2x+3y=6
Also substituting origin (0, 0) in both in equalities we get, (0,2)
2(0) + 3(0) = 0  6 and 5(0) + 3(0) = 0  15
(3,0)
 Feasible region lies on origin side of both the lines as shown in the graph X X
O
 the vertices of feasible region are (0, 2), (0, 0) and (3, 0)
Y
 (0, 5) is not a vertex of feasible region.
18. Using two point form we have, equation of line AB : x + 2y = 8 and equation of line CD : 3x + 2y = 12
Since, the shaded region lies on, origin side of line AB, non-origin side of line CD and above X axis.
 x + 2y  8 , 3x + 2y  12 and y  0
19. Take a test point (1, 1) that lies within the feasible region. Since (1) + (1) = 2  5, is true we have x + y  5.
Since 1  4 and 1  3 are true, we have x  4 and y  3. Since 4(1) + 1 = 5  4, we have 4x + y  4
20. The feasible region lies on the origin side of 2x + y = 30 and x + 2y = 24, Y
in the first quadrant.
The corners of the feasible region are O (0, 0), A (15, 0), B (0, 12) and
C (12, 6) 2x+y = 30
At A(15, 0), z = 90
At B(0, 12), z = 96 B(0,12) C(12,6)
At C(12, 6), z = 120
 Maximum value of z is 120. X X
O A(15,0)
x+2y = 24
Y
21. The feasible region lies on origin side of lines x + y = 5 and Y
3x + y = 9, in first quadrant.
3x + y = 9
 The corners of feasible region are (0,9)
O (0, 0), A (0, 5), B (2, 3) and C (3, 0) x+y = 5
 Maximum value of objective function A(0,5) B(2,3)
z = 12x + 3y is at C (3, 0)
 z =12 (3) + 3 (0) = 36 (5,0)
X X
O C(3,0)

Y
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 Chapter 04: Integration

45.  x sin 2 x dx dx  1 1 
 ( x  1)( x  2)   x  1 x  2 
52. =    dx
d 
= x  sin 2 x dx    ( x )  sin 2 x dx  dx = log |x + 1|  log |x + 2| + c
 dx 
x 1
 cos 2 x   cos 2 x  = log +c
= x     1.    dx x2
 2   2 
x cos 2 x 1 sin 2 x x 1 A B
=   . c 53. Let = +
2 2 2 ( x  3)( x  2) x3 x2
sin 2 x x cos 2 x  x  1 = A(x  2) + B(x  3) ….(i)
=  c Putting x = 2 in (i), we get
4 2
B = 1
x Putting x = 3 in (i), we get
2
46. log x dx
A=2
x3
1 x3 x 1  2 1 
= log x . 
 x  3 dx
3   ( x  3)( x  2) dx =   x  3  x  2  dx
1 3 1 x 
3
= 2 log |x  3|  log |x  2| + c
= x . log x    +c
3 3 3 = log |(x – 3)2|  log |x  2| + c
1 3 1 3 x 1 2
= x log x – x +c 54.  ( x  2)( x  1) dx =   x  1 dx +  x  2 dx
3 9
= log|x  1| + 2log|x 2| + p
 x  1 e  x
e x
47.   x  1 e–x
d x =    1 dx = log
( x  2)2
+p
1 ( x  1)
=  xex + ex  ex + c
= xex + c dx dx
55. x 4
 5x  4
2
 2
( x  1)( x 2  4)
Let I =  e sin x dx
x
48.
1  1 1 
= sin x.e   cos x .e dx
x x
=   2
 2
3  x  1 x  4 
dx

= ex sin x  cos x.ex +  ( sin x).e x dx

1 1 x
= tan 1 x  tan 1    c
3 6 2
= ex sin x  ex cos x   e x sin x dx
 I = ex sin x – ex cos x – I Critical Thinking
 2I = ex (sin x – cos x) + c
( x3  3x 2  3x  1) ( x  1)3
 I=
e x
(sin x – cos x) + c
1.  ( x  1)5
d x   ( x  1)5 dx
2
1
=  dx =  ( x  1)2 dx
e
x ( x  1) 2
49. (sin x + cos x) dx = ex sin x + c
1
….[  e x [f ( x)  f ( x)]dx = ex f(x) + c] =  c
x 1

 e x (sec x  sec x tan x ) dx = ex sec x + c  (1  2 x  3x  4 x  ......)dx

2 3
50. 2.

 e f  x   f   x  dx= e f  x   c =  (1  x) dx

2
….  x x

= (1  x)1 + c
dx 1 1 
51.  xx     dx  x 2 x3 
 x 1 x      .......  dx =  e x dx = ex + c
2
3. 1  x 
2! 3! 
= log x – log (1 – x) + c
507
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
22. The feasible region lies on the origin side of 3x + 5y = 15 and 5x + 2y = 10, Y
in first quadrant.
The corners of the feasible region are 5x + 2y = 10
D(0,5)
 20 45  3x+5y = 15
O (0, 0), B (0, 3), E  ,  and C (2, 0)
 19 19  B(0,3)  20
E , 
45 
 19 19 
 20 45 
The maximum value of z = 5x + 3y is at E  ,  A(5,0)
 19 19  X C(2,0)
X
O
 20   45  235
 Maximum z = 5   + 3   = Y
 19   19  19
23. Feasible region lies on the origin side of x + 5y = 200 and Y
2x + 3y = 134, in first quadrant.
The corner points of the feasible region are
O (0, 0), A (67, 0), B (10, 38) and C (0, 40)  134 
 0, 
 3  B(10, 38)
At A (67, 0), z = 268
C(0, 40)
At A (10, 38), z = 382 x + 5y =200
At A (0, 40), z = 360 X X
 Maximum value of z is at B (10, 38) O A(67, 0) 2x + 3y = 134 (200, 0)

24. z = px + qy Y
At (15, 15), z = 15p + 15q
At (0, 20), z = 0 + 20q = 20q
 Maximum z occurs at both the points,
 15p + 15q = 20q  15p = 5q  3p = q
25. Suppose that the manufacturer produces x soaps of Y
type I and y soaps of type II.
 x  0; y  0; 2x + 3y  480 and 3x + 5y  480 300
Feasible region lies on origin side on both inequalities, 250
in first quadrant. 200
The corners of the feasible region are (0, 160)
150
O (0, 0), A (0, 96) and B (160, 0) 100 A(0, 96)
Maximum profit, P = 0.25x + 0.5y 50
 At A (0, 96), P = 0.25(0) + 0.5(96) = 48 B(160, 0) (240, 0)
X X
At B (160, 0), P = 0.25(160) + 0.5(0) = 40 O 50 100 150 200 250 300
For maximum profit of ` 48, 96 soaps of type II must be 2x + 3y = 480
3x + 5y = 480
manufactured. Y
26. The feasible region lies on the origin side of both the lines. Y
The corner points of feasible region are
O (0, 0), A (30, 0), B (0, 40) and P (30, 40) B (0, 40) P (30, 40)
 At O (0, 0), z = 4(0) + 5(0) = 0 y = 40
At A (30, 0), z = 4(30) + 5(0) = 120
At B (0, 40), z = 4(0) + 5(40) = 200
At P (30, 40), z = 4(30) + 5(40) = 320
 The minimum value of z is 0
X
X' O A (30, 0)

Y'
x = 30
372
 Chapter 04: Integration

14.  sin
1 
(cos x)dx =    cos 1 (cos x )  dx
2 
19.  1+ sin2 x dx

 x 2 x  x 2
=  sin 2 x + cos 2 x + 2sinxcosx dx
= x 
2 2 2 ….[ sin2 x + cos2 x = 1]

 (cosx + sinx) dx
2
=
15.  (cos x  sin x)dx
=  (cosx + sinx) dx
= sin x + cos x + c
=  cosx dx +  sinx dx
 sin x cos x 
= 2  c = sin x – cos x + c
 2 2 
sin x  cos x sin x  cos x
  20.  1  sin 2 x dx =  (sin x  cos x)2 dx
= 2 sin  x   + c
 4

=  dx  x  c
 = 21. sin 2x = (2 sin x . cos x)2
2
4
= 4 sin2 x . cos2 x
16.  sin3 x cos 4x dx sin 3 x  cos3 x
 4  dx
sin 2 2 x
1
=  2sin3x cos 4x dx sin 3 x  cos3 x
2 = 4 dx
4sin 2 x.cos 2 x
1
=
2  [ sin  3x  4x  + sin (3x – 4x) ] dx
= 
sin x
2
cos x
dx +  2 dx
cos x sin x
[ 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A – B)] =  tan x . sec x dx +  cot x . cosec x dx
= sec x – cosec x + c
=
1
  sin 7 x dx   sin x dx  dx dx
2 22.  cos2 x + sin 2 x   cos2 x  sin 2 x  sin 2 x
1  cos7 x 
=  + cosx  + c dx
=
cos 2 x 
2  7  = sec2 x dx = tan x + c
cos7 x cosx cos 2 x  cos 2 2(cos 2 x  cos 2 )
= + +c
14 2 23.  cos x  cos  d x =  cos x  cos  dx
dx dx = 2 (cos x  cos )dx
17.  tan x  cot x =  sin x cos x = 2(sin x + x cos ) + c

cos x sin x 24. Since, 1 + cos 2x = 2 cos2 x
1  cos 2 x
=
2
2sin x cos x dx =
4
+c   2  2  2  2cos8 x dx

=  2 + 2 + 2cos4 x dx
18.  2sin x.cos x dx =  2 + 2cos2 x dx
cos 2 x =  2cosx dx = 2 sin x + c
=  sin 2 x dx =  + c1
2 25. sin4 x  cos4 x = (sin2 x cos2 x) (sin2 x + cos2 x)
(1  2sin x)2
=  (cos2 x  sin2 x) (1)
=  + c1 =  cos 2x
2
  (sin x  cos x)dx =  cos 2 x dx
4 4
1
=  + sin2 x + c1
2 sin 2 x
=  +c
1 2
= sin2 x + c, where c   c1
=  sin x cos x + c
2
509
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

sin 8 x  cos8 x x x x x
26.  1  2sin 2 x cos2 x dx 30.  cos 16 cos
8
cos sin
4 16
dx

x x x x
(sin 4 x  cos 4 x)(sin 4 x  cos4 x) =  cos sin cos cos dx
= dx 16 16 8 4
(sin 2 x  cos2 x)2  2sin 2 x cos2 x
1 x x x
=  sin cos cos dx
=  (sin 4 x  cos 4 x)dx 2 8 8 4
….[ sin 2 = 2 sin  cos ]
=  (sin 2 x  cos 2 x)(sin 2 x  cos 2 x)dx
1 x x
=  (sin 2 x  cos 2 x)dx =   cos 2 x dx
=
4  sin cos dx
4 4
1 x
sin 2 x =  sin dx
=  c 8 2
2
2
=     cos  + c
x
 1  cos 2 x   2 sin 2 x  8  2
 tan 1   dx   tan 
1
 dx
27.  1 x
 1  cos 2 x 
2
 2 cos x  = cos +c
4 2
=  tan 1  tan x  dx
sin 6 x + cos6 x
=  x dx 
x2
+c
31.  sin 2 x cos2 x dx
2
(sin 2 x + cos 2 x)3  3sin 2 xcos 2 x(sin 2 x + cos2 x)
= dx
 sin x  sin 2 xcos2 x
 tan
1
28.   dx
 1  cos x   a 3 + b3   a  b 3 – 3ab  a  b  
….  
 x x
 2sin cos  andsin 6 x  (sin 2 x)3 
=  tan 1  2 2  dx
x 1  3sin x cos x(1)
2 2

 2cos
2

=  dx
 2  sin 2 x cos 2 x
x  1 
=  tan 1  tan  dx =  2 2
 3  dx
 2  sin x cos x 
x  sin 2 x  cos 2 x 
=  dx =   3  dx
2 2
 sin x cos x
2

1 x2
=  +c  1 1 
2 2 =   2  2  3  dx
 cos x sin x 
x2
= +c =  sec2 x dx +  cosec2 x dx – 3  dx
4
= tan x – cot x – 3x + c
cos 4 x  1  cos 4 x  1 (sin x cos x )
29.  cot x  tan x dx =  cos 2 x  sin 2 x
dx
32.
cot x tan x
 sec dx = 
1
dx
2
x 1 tan 2 x
2 cos 2 2 x(sin x cos x)
=  dx =  cot 2 xdx
cos 2 x
=  cos 2 x (2 sin x cos x)dx =  (cos ec2 x  1) dx

=  cos 2x sin 2x dx = – cot x – x + c

1 1  cos 2 x
 
dx = (cosec x  cot x)dx
2 2
=  sin 4x dx 33. 2
2 sin x
1 =  (2cosec x  1)dx
2
= cos 4x + c
8
.... 1  cot 2   cos ec2  
1
 A= = 2 cot x  x + c
8
510
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
32. x + y = 10 Y
(0, 10)

2x + 3y = 18
(0, 6)
y=2
(0, 2) (6, 2) (8, 2)

X O X
(9, 0) (10, 0)

Y
The feasible regions are is disjoint. Hence there is no point in common.
 There is no optimum value of the objective function.

Competitive Thinking
5. Condition (i),
i = 1, x11 + x12 + x13 + ….+x1n
i = 2, x21 + x22 + x23 + ….+ x2n
i = 3, x31 + x32 + x33 + ….+ x3n
....................
i = m, xm1 + xm2 + xm3 + ….+ xmn  m constraints
Condition (ii),
j = 1, x11 + x21 + x31 + ….+xm1
j = 2, x12 + x22 + x32 + ….+ xm1
....................
j = n, x1n + x2n + x3n + ….+ xmn  n constraints
 Total constraints = m + n
7. In linear programming problem, concave region is not used. Convex region is used in linear programming.
8.
Y

(0, 1)
X O X
(3, 0) 3y + x = 3
Y
Feasible region is on non-origin side of 3y + x = 3 and in first quadrant.
Hence, it is unbounded.
9. The feasible region lies on origin side of the lines x1 + x2 = 1 and x1 + 3x2 = 9, in first quadrant.
It is unbounded. X2

x1 + x2 = 1
x1 + 3x2 = 9
(0,3)

(–9,0) (0,1)
X1
(–1,0) O

374
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
dx 1 dx 1 1
47.  sin x  =  52. Let I =  3
[log x x ]2 dx   3 [ x log x]2 dx
3 cos x 2 sin x 3 x x
 cos x
2 2 1
  (log x)2 dx
1 dx x
2  sin x cos   sin  cos x
=
1
3 3
Put log x = t  dx = dt
x
1 dx 3
(log x)3
=   I =  t 2 dt =
t
+c= +c
2   3 3
sin  x  
 3 dI
 53. = 3cosy sin y
1  dy
=  cosec  x   dx
2  3
 I =  3cos y sin y  dy
1  x 
= log tan     c Put cos y = t
2 2 6   sin y dy = dt  sin y dy =  dt
sin(5 x  3 x ) 3 t
3cos y
sin 2 x  I =   3t dt = +c= +c
48.  sin3 x sin5 x dx =  sin3 x.sin5 x dx log 3 log 3
sin 5 x cos3x  cos5 x sin 3x 54. Put a x = t
=  sin 3x sin 5 x
dx
1
 ax log a dx = dt  ax dx = dt
=  cot 3 x dx   cot 5 x dx log a
1 1 1

1 1 ax
= log |sin 3x|  log |sin 5x| + c  a .a x dx =
log a
a t dt =
log a
. at.
log a
+c
3 5
x
aa
1 x 1 x = c
49. Let I   dx   dx  log a 
2
1 x 1  x2
dx x 55. Put 2ex + 5 = t  2e  x dx = dt
  dx 1
cosec 2  2e  x  5  dx = 
2
1  x2 1  x2  e
x
cosec 2 t dt
In 2nd integral, put 1  x2 = t  2x dx = dt
1
dx 1 dt = cot t + c
 I =    1
1  x2 2 t 2
2
1
= cot(2e  x  5) + c
2
= sin1 x  t +c
dx e x
1
= sin x  1  x  c
2 56. Let I =  1  e x  1  e  x dx
=

Put 1 + ex = t  ex dx = dt

 1
50. Put t = x + log x  dt =  1   dx dt
 x  I =  =  log|t| + c =  log|1 + ex| + c
t
( x  1) ( x  log x) 2
t3
  x
dx =  t 2 dt   c
3 57. Let I = 
1
dx
e  e 2 x 
2x 2

1
= ( x  log x )3 + c
3 e4 x
=  dx
e  1
4x 2
51. Put log (log x) = t
1 Put e4x + 1 = t  4 e4x dx = dt
 dx = dt
x log x 1 1
4  t2
 I = dt
dx dt
  x log x log(log x) =  t = log |t| + c 1  1 
=   +c=
1
+c
= log |log(log x)| + c 4 t  4  e 4 x  1

512
 Chapter 09: Linear Programming
10. Feasible region lies on non-origin side of both lines and is true for positive values of x and both positive
and negative values of y.
Y
3x  y = 3

X X
O (1,0)

(0,–3)
(0,–4)
4x  y = 4
Y
11. Since shaded region lies on origin side of lines x + y = 20 and 2x + 5y = 80 and is in first quadrant
 x + y  20 , 2x + 5y  8, x  0, y  0

12. Shaded region lies on origin side of x + 2y = 8 and x  y = 1, and on non-origin side of 2x + y = 2.
 x + 2y  8, x  y  1, 2x + y  2

13. Take a test point (2, 1) which lies within the feasible region.
Since, 2 – 1 = 1  0, 2  5, 1  3 and 2,1  0
 x, y  0, x  y  0, x  5, y  3.

14. Since shaded region lies on non-origin side of 5x + 4y = 20, and on origin side of the lines x = 6 and y = 3
 5x + 4y  20, x  6, y  3, x  0, y  0

17. The feasible region lies on the origin side of x + y = 40 and x + 2y = 6, in fist quadrant.
The corners of feasible region are Y
O(0, 0), A(0, 30), B(20, 20) and C(40, 0) x+y = 40
(0,40)
 At A(0, 30), P = 0 + 4 (30) = 120
A(0,30) B(20,20)
At B(20, 20), P = 3(20) + 4 (20) = 140
At C(40, 0), P = 3(40) + 0 = 120 (60,0)
X X
 Maximum value of P is 140. O C(40,0)
x+2y = 60
Y

18. The feasible region lies on origin side of 4x + 5y = 20, Y

non-origin side of x + y = 3 and in first quadrant.
 The corners of feasible region are B(0,4)

A(5, 0), B(0, 4), C(3, 0) and D(0, 3) D(0,3)

 Maximum 2x + 3y is at B (0, 4)
 Maximum 2x + 3y = 2 (0) + 4 (3) = 12
A(5,0)
X C(3,0)
X
O 4x+5y = 20
x+y = 3
Y

375
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 dx cos 2 x
67.  x( x n
 1)
dx =  n 1  1 
72. Let I =  (cos x  sin x) 2
dx
x 1  n  (cos x  sin x)(cos x  sin x )
 x 
 n 1
=  (cos x  sin x ) 2
dx
1  nx
=
n  (1  x n
)
dx cos x  sin x
=  cos x  sin x
dx
1 1 Put t = sin x + cos x
= log 1  n + c
n x  dt = (cos x  sin x)dx
xn  1 1
=
1
log +c
 I=  t
dt = log t + c = log|sin x + cos x| + c
n xn
73. Put 3sin2 x + 5cos2x = t
n
1 x  (3  2 sin x cos x – 5  2 sin x cos x) dx = dt
= log n +c
n x 1  4 sin x cos x dx = dt
dt
 sin x cos x dx =
1 sec2 x dx 4
68. Let I =  cos2 x(1  tan x)2 dx =  (tan x  1)2 sin x cos x dt
  3sin 2 x  5cos2 x dx =  (4)t
Put tan x  1 = t  sec2 x dx = dt
1 1 1

1 1
I =  2 dt =  + c =
1
+c=
1
+c =– 
4 t
dt = – log t + c
4
t t tan x  1 1  tan x
1
= – log |3sin2 x + 5cos2 x| + c
69. Put x = tan   dx = sec2  d 4
1 sec 2  d cos x  x sin x
  x 2
1 x 2
dx =  tan 2  sec  cos x  x sin x x2
74. Let I =  2 dx =  dx
x  x cos x 1
cos x
=  cosec  cot d = cosec  + c
x
 tan 2   1 – x2  1 cos x
 c = +c Put 1 + =t
tan  x x
( x sin x  cos x)
 dx = dt
x3 1 4 x3 x2
70.  1 x 4
dx =
4  1 x 4
dx
dt
 I =  =  log | t |  c
1 dt t
=  1/ 2 x  cos x
4 t =  log c
….[Put 1 + x4 = t  4x3 dx = dt] x
1 x
 1 = log c
1 t 2 x  cos x
=  +c
4  1 1
2 
log x  1  x 2  dx
1 1
75. Let I =  1  x2
= t +c= 1  x4 + c
2 2
Put log (x + 1  x 2 ) = t
sin 2 x 2sin x cos x 2x
71. Let I =  sin 2
x  2cos x
2
dx = 
1  cos 2 x
dx 1
2 1  x 2 dx = dt  dx
 = dt
Put 1 + cos2 x = t  2 sin x cos x dx = dt x  1  x2 1  x2

 
  dt 2
 I =     =  log t + c 
 log x + 1  x 2 
 t  t  
 I=  t dt = +c=  +c
=  log|1 + cos x| + c 2 2 2

514
 Chapter 04: Integration
76. Put (xx)x = t  log(xx)x = log t dx dx
 x2 log x = log t
82.  2  3x  x2
=  2
 17   3
1  x 
 (2x log x + x)dx = .dt  4  2
t
x x
 (2log x + 1)x (x ) dx = dt dx
= 
 x x 
2
x x
 (2log x  1)dx =  dt = t + c = (xx)x + c  17   3
2

  x 
77. 1 + 2 tan x (sec x + tan x)  2   2
= 1 + 2 tan x . sec x + 2 tan2 x  3 
= (1 + tan2 x) + 2 sec x . tan x + tan2 x   x   
= sec2 x + 2 sec x . tan x + tan2 x  2 
= sin–1   +c
= (sec x + tan x)2  17  
 
  1  2 tan x (sec x  tan x)dx   2  
=   sec x  tan x  dx  2x  3 
= sin–1  17  + c
1  sin x  
=  cos x
dx
83. Put sin x = t  cos x dx = dt
1  sin 2 x
= 
cos x(1 sin x)
dx   cos x 4  sin 2 x dx =  4  t 2 dt

t 4 1  t 
= 
  cos x  dx =  log |1  sin x| + c = (2) 2  t 2 dt = 4  t 2 + sin   + c
2
2 2
1  sin x
1 1 
1 = sin x 4  sin 2 x + 2sin 1  sin x  + c
78. Put log x = t  dx = dt 2 2 
x
dx dt 3x 2 3x 2
  x 1  (log x) 2 =  1  t 2 = sin t + c
1
84. Let I =  9  16 x6
dx  
(3)2  (4 x3 )2
dx

= sin1 (log x) + c Put 4x3 = t

79. Put t = cos x  dt =  sin x dx  12x2 dx = dt
sin x dt 1 dt
  4  cos x 2
dx =  
2  t2
2  I= 
4  3  t 2
2

t  cos x 
=  sin1   + c =  sin1   +c 1 1  t 
2  2  = sin   + c
4 3
sec x dx sec x
80.  cos 2 x
=  cos x  sin 2 x
2
dx
1 1  4 x 3 
= sin  + c
sec 2 x dx 4  3 
=  1  tan 2 x ax ax
….[Multiplying N and D by sec x] r r 85.  ax
dx =  a 2  x2
dx
Put tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt
 a  x
sec x dx dt =    dx
 cos 2 x =  1  t 2 = sin t + c
1

 a x a x 
2 2 2 2

= sin1 (tan x) + c 1 1 2 x
= a dx   dx
81. Put 2x = sin   2dx = cos  d  a 2  x2 2 a 2  x2
2dx cos  d cos  1  x  1
  1  4 x 2 =  1  sin 2  =  cos  d 2
= a.sin    .2 a  x  c
a 2
2
 
=  d   c x
= a sin 1    a 2  x 2  c
= sin1(2x) + c a
515
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

2x 1
Put x2 = t  xdx =
86. Let I =  dx 89.
2
dt
1   2x 
2

x 1 dt
x
Put 2 = t  2 dx =
dt x
 x 4
 x 1
2
dx =
2 t 2
 t 1
log 2
1 dt
1 dt 1 = 
 I=
log 2  1 t 2
=
log 2
sin 1 t + c 2 t2  t 
1 3

4 4
 1 dt
= sin1 2x + c = 
log 2 2  3
2

(t  1 / 2) 2   
1  2 
 K=
log 2
1 1  t 1/ 2 
=  tan–1   +c
2 ( 3 / 2)  3/2 
x x. x
87.  1  x dx =  x (1  x )
dx
=
1  2t  1 
tan–1   +c
3  3 
x 1 1
=  x  x  1
dx  
x  x  1
dx
1  2 x2  1 
= tan–1   +c
3  3 
1 1
 dx  
x 1   x   dx
2
= x
 1 dx
90. Let I =  2
dx  
1  sin x 2sin x  cos 2 x
2
1
= 2 x  2tan x +c
sec2 x dx
= 2( x  tan 1
x)  c 
2 tan 2 x  1

1 1 sec2 x dx
2  tan 2 x  1
 1 
log 1 
  1 
x2
 x2 
dx = 
e dx
88. Let I   2
1  1 2
x  2 x  2
2

x  x
Put tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt
…. elog a  a  1 dt 1 1 t
 I=   . tan 1 +c
2 t2  1 2 1 1
1
Put x  =t 2 2 2
x
 1  1
  1  2  dx = dt  tan 1 ( 2 tan x )  c
 x  2

dt 1  t  1 sec 2 x sec 2 x
 I=  t2  2 =
2
tan1 
 2
+ c 91.  1  cos2 x  sec2 x  1  tan 2 x  2 dx
dx  dx 

 1 Put tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt

1 1
 x x 
= tan   +c 1 dt 1  t 
2  2 
 
  1  cos 2
x
dx = t 2
2

2
tan 1 
 2
c

1  x2  1  1  1 
= tan1  + c = tan 1  tan x   c
2  2x  2  2 

516
 Chapter 04: Integration
92. Put cos x = t dx
 – sin x dx = dt
95. Let I =  2sin
x  3cos 2 x  7
2

sin x dt 1 dt Dividing Nr and Dr by cos2x, we get

  3  4 cos 2
x
dx =  3  4t 2
=
4   3
2

I= sec 2 x dx
t  
 2 tan 2 x  3  7 sec2 x
2

 2 
=  1 .tan 1 t
c sec 2 xdx
4.
3  3
=  2 tan 2 x  3  7(1  tan 2 x)
2  2 
 
sec 2 xdx
1  2t 
tan 1 
=  4  9 tan 2 x
= c
2 3  3 Put t = tan x
1  2 cos x 
= tan 1  c  dt = sec2 x dx
2 3  3 
dt 1  3t 
dx
 I= 2 2
 (3t) 2
=
6
tan1   + c
2
93. Let I = asin x  b2 cos2 x
2 2
1  3tan x 
Dividing N and Dr by cos2 x, we get
r = tan1   +c
6  2 
sec 2 x
I=  2 dx
a tan 2 x  b 2 dx
Put tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt
96.  2  cos x
dt 1 dt dx
 I=  2 2 = 2  =

a t b 2
a b2  x   x  x  x
t2  2 2sin 2    2cos 2    cos 2    sin 2  
a 2 2 2 2
  x
 t  sec2  
1 1   +c dx  2  dx
= 2 tan–1 =  
a b b 2 x 2 x 2 x
  a  sin    3cos   tan    3
a   2 2 2
1 a   x
= tan–1  tan x  + c Put tan    t
ab b  2
dx  x
94. Let I =  4sin 2
x  5cos 2 x
 sec2   dx = 2dt
2
Dividing Nr and Dr by cos2 x, we get dx  t 
sec2 x dx
  2  cos x = 2  t 2dt 3  2
3
tan 1 
 3
c
I= 
4 tan 2 x  5   x
2
2  tan  2  
1 sec x dx
tan 1   + c
4  tan 2 x  5
= 
3  3 
4  
 
Put tan x = t
 sec2 x dx = dt dx
1 dt 1 1  2t 
97. Let I =  2sin x  cos x  3
 I =  2
  tan 1  c
4  5  4 5  5   x
t2    2
Put t = tan  
 2  2
1  2 tan x  2dt 1  t2 2t
= tan 1  +c  dx = 2
and cos x = 2
, sin x =
2 5  5  1 t 1 t 1  t2

517
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
2dt 100. Put t = tan x  dt = sec2 x dx
1  t2 sec2 x 1
 I =   2t   1  t 2    tan 2 x  4 dx   t 2  22 dt
2  3
 1  t 2   1  t 2  = log t  t 2  4  c
dt
= 2  4t  1  t 2  3  3t 2 = log tan x  tan 2 x  4  c
dt dt
=2  2t 2  4t  4 =  t 2  2t  2 101.  x2  8x  7 dx   ( x  4)2  (3)2 dx
dt dt ( x  4) 2
=  t 2  2t  1  1 =   t  12  12 =
2
x  8x  7

9
 t 1   x   log x  4  x 2  8 x  7 + c
= tan–1   + c = tan
–1
 tan    1 + c 2
 1   2 
102. Put x2 = t
98. Put x2 = t  2x dx = dt
dt dt dt
 2x dx = dt  dx =   x dx =
2x 2 t 2
dx dt 1 1 x 1 dt
 
x x4  1
=  2t t 1
2
=
2
sec t  c   x 4  4 dx = 2  t 2  22
1 1 2 1
= sec x  c = log |t + t 2  4 | + c
2 2
1
x2  1 = log |x2 + x 4  4 | + c
99. Let I =  (x 2
 1) x 4  1
dx 2

Dividing Nr and Dr by x2, we get ex

103. Let I =
 e2 x  4e x  13
dx
 1
1  2  Put ex = t  ex dx = dt
= 
 x  dx
 1 2 1 dt
 I = 
x  x  2 t 2  4t  13
 x x
 1  dt
= 
1  2 
 x  (t  2)2  32
=  dx
2
 1  1 (t  2) 2  32 + c
x  x  2 = log t  2 +
 x  x
1  1  = log e x  2 + e2 x  4e x  13 + c
Put x + =t  1  2  dx = dt
x  x 
1
 I= t
dt
=
1
sec  1 
t 
+ c
104. Let I =  2 2
dx
cosec x  cot x
t2  2 2  2
sin x
 1  =  dx
1  x  x   1  cos 2 x
= sec1   + c
Put t = cos x  dt =  sin x dx
2  2 
   I= 
dt
1 t 2 
=  log t  1  t 2  +c
1  x 1 2
=
2
sec1  + c
 x 2  
=  log cos x + 1  cos 2 x + c 
518
 Chapter 04: Integration

dx 1 dx 1 1 t 2  2
105.  2x =  = log +c
2
 x 1 2 x2  1 x  1 2 2 1 t 2  2
2 2
1 dx 2
=  2 2
1
1    2
2  1 3 1  x
 x  
   = log +c
 4 4
2 2 1
2

 1 3 1    2
 x   x
1 1
log 
4 4
= 2. 1 3 + c 1 x 2 1  2 x
3 
2.   x  = log +c
4  4 4 2 2 x 2 1  2 x
1 2x 1
 log +c 2x  1
3 2( x  1) 108. Let I   dx
x 4  2 x3  x 2  1
106. Put log x = t
2x  1
1 =  dx
 dx = dt [ x ( x  1)]2  1
x
dx dt
Put t = x (x + 1)
  x[(log x)2  4 log x  1] =  t 2  4t  1  dt = (2x + 1) dx
dt
= 
dt  I=  2
t 1
(t  2)  ( 5) 2
2

1 t 1
1 t2 5  log c
= log +c 2 t 1
2 5 t2 5
1 x2  x  1
1 log x  2  5 = log 2 c
= log +c 2 x  x 1
2 5 log x  2  5
1 x2  x  1
1 =  log 2 +c
x  x 1
107. Let I =  (x 2
 1) x 2  1
dx 2
1
1 1  A= 
Put x =  dx =  2 dt 2
t t
1 1 1
 2
t
109.  sin x sin x.cos x
dx =  cos x
dx
 I =  dt sin x. sin 2 x.
 1  1 sin x
 2 1  2  1
t  t 1
t
=  cos x
dx
=  dt sin x.sin x.
1 t  1 t 2
2 sin x
1
Put 1  t 2 = u  1 + t2 = u2  tdt = udu =  cot x
 cosec2x dx
u Put t = cot x
 I =  1 (u 2
1)  u
du
  dt = cosec2 x dx

du du 1 dt 
1
=  2  u2 =    sin x sin x.cos x dx =    t 2 dt
 2
2
u2  t
1
1 u 2 = 2t  c 2
= log +c
2 2 u 2 =  2 cot x  c
519
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

113. Let I =  sec6 x dx =  sec4 x.sec2 x dx


3
110. Let I = sin x cos x dx

=  (1  cos x) cos x
2
sin x dx =  (1  tan 2 x)2 sec 2 x dx
Put t = tan x
Put t = cos x
 dt = sec2 x dx
 dt =  sin x dx

I = (1  t ) dt =  (1  2t 2  t 4 )dt
2 2
  dt = sin x dx 
 I =  (1  t 2 ) t ( dt) 2t 3 t5
=t+ + +c
7 3 5
5 3/2
t t2 2 1
=  t dt +  t dt =  2
3/ 2
+
7
+c = tan x +
3
tan3 x +
5
tan5 x + c

2 2 4
1
2
 
114. Let I   sec 3 x cos ec 3 x dx =  dx
 
3
7 2 cos x
2 4
= cos x  +c
7 3 cos x sin x
3 3

dx Dividing Nr and Dr by cos x, we get 3

111. Let I =  x3x sec 2 x
1
I=  4
dx
Put x6
=t tan x 3

Put tan x = t
 x = t6
 sec2 x dx = dt
 dx = 6t5dt 1
4
6t 5 dt t3
 
I = 3 2 dt
t t
 I= t 4/3
=  t3 dt =
1
+c

6t 5 t3 3

= 2
t (t  1)
dt = 6
t 1
dt  1
=  3  tanx  3 + c
t3 11  1 
=6  t 1
dt = 6  t 2  t  1 

 dt
t 1  115. Let I =  tan x dx =  tan x (sec x  1)dx
4 2 2

 t3 t 2  =  (tan x sec x  tan x ) dx

2 2 2
= 6    t  log |t  1| + c
 3 2  =  (tan x.sec x  sec x  1) dx
2 2 2

= 2 x – 3 3 x + 6 6 x – 6 log | 6
x +1|+c =  (tan x  1) sec xd x   1dx
2 2

x 5 dx x 3 .x 2 In 1st integral,
112. Let I = 
1  x3 1  x3
=  dx
Put t = tan x
3 2  dt = sec2xdx
Put 1 + x = t
 3x2 dx = 2t dt t3
 I= –t+x+c
3
(t 2  1)  2 
 I=  t
  t dt
3  I=
tan 3 x
– tan x + x + c
3
2 t  3

t  1 dt =
2 1
  t + c
2
=
3 3 3  A = , B = 1, f (x) = x + c
 3
2 2
= t(t  3) + c sin 3 2 x
9 116. Let I =  cos 5
2x
dx
2
= 1  x 3 (1 + x3  3) + c sin 3 2 x 1
9 =  cos3 2 x . cos 2 2 x dx
2
= 1  x 3 (x3  2) + c =  tan 2 x.sec 2 2 x dx
3
9

520
 Chapter 04: Integration
Put tan 2x = t  2 sec2 2x dx = dt log x 1 x 2
= + . +c
dt 1 t4 2 x2 2 2
 I =  t3  = . +c
2 2 4 log x 1
=  +c
1 2x 2
4x 2
= (tan 4 2 x) + c
8 1
=  2 (2log x  1)  c
4x
117.  log x dx =  log x .1 dx
x n 1 1 x n 1
1
= log x. x    xdx 122.  x log x dx = log x.
n
–  dx
x n 1 x n 1
= x log x  x + c = x (log x  1) + c x n 1 x n 1
= log x – +c
 x n 1 (n  1) 2
= x (log x  log e) + c = x log   + c
e x n 1  1 
=  log x   +c
n 1 n 1
e2 x e2 x
118.  xe dx = x.
2x
  1. dx
2 2 123.  f  x   x f   x  dx
2x 2x
xe e =  f ( x)dx   xf ( x)dx
=  +c
2 4
2x 1  =  f ( x) dx + x . f (x)   f ( x) dx + c
= e 2 x  +c
 4  = x f (x) + c
2x 1
 f(x) =
4
124.  [f ( x) g (x)  f  (x) g (x)] dx
= f(x) g(x)   f  (x) g (x) dx  g (x) f  (x)
e3 x e3 x +  f  (x) g (x) dx
x
2
 3 dx
3x 2
119. e dx = x  – 2 x 
3 = f (x) g (x)  g (x) f (x) + c
x 2 e3 x 2  e e3 x 
3x
= –  x.  1. dx  125. I5 + 5I4 =  x5ex dx + 5  x4 . ex dx
3 3  3 3  = x5 ex – 5  x4 ex dx + 5  x4 . ex dx + c
2 3x  xe3 x e3 x  = x5 ex + c
= x e – 2    +c
3 3  3 9  126. Let I =  tan 1 x. 1 dx
1 2 3x 2 2 3x 1
= x e – xe3x + e +c
3 9 27 = tan 1 x.x  1 x 2
 x dx

x4 1 x4 1 2x
 2  1  x2
120. x3 log x dx  log x.   . dx = x tan 1 x  dx
4 x 4
x 4
x3 1
= x tan1 x  log |1 + x2| + c

4
log x  
4
dx 2
x4 x4  x2  1  x2 
 log x  c
   – 
–1 –1
4 16 127. x tan xdx = (tan x)   dx
 2  1  x2  2 
1
= (4 x 4 log x  x 4 ) + c 1 2 –1 1 x2  1  1
2  1  x2
16 = x tan x – dx
2
log x 1  1 
  log x . x 1 2 –1
3
121. dx = dx
x3 =
2
x tan x –  1  2
2  x 1
 dx
x 2  1 x 2  1 2 –1 1
= log x      dx = x tan x – (x – tan–1x) + c
2  x 2  2 2
log x 1 1 2 1
= 2
+  x 3 dx = (x + 1) tan–1 x – x+c
2x 2 2 2
521
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
38. The feasible region is unbounded. Y
 its maximum value does not exist. (0, 100)
3x+2y = 160

(20, 50)
(0, 40)
(40, 20)
(80,0)
X X
x+2y=80

Y 5x+2y = 200
39. The feasible region lies on the origin side of the line x + 2y = 2 and on non-origin side of x + 2y = 8.
 There is no feasible solution.
8
6

x + 2y = 2 4

2 4 6 8 10
x + 2y = 8
40. The feasible region is disjoint. Y
 there is no point common to all inequations. x + y = 10
 There is no maximum value of z.
D(0,10)

B(0,6)

C(10,0)
X
X O A(9,0)

Y
2x+3y = 18

Evaluation Test

1. Let no. of model M1 = x and no. of model M2 = y Y

 x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
Constraints are 4x + 2y ≤ 80  2x + y ≤ 40, 2x + 5y ≤ 180 (0, 40)
Maximize z = 3x + 4y
C(0, 36)
The corners of feasible region are B(2.5, 35)
O(0, 0), A(20, 0), B(2.5, 35), C(0, 36)
2x + 5y = 180
 At A (20, 0), z = 3(20) + 0 = 60
(90,0)
At B (2.5,35), z = 3(2.5) + 4(35) = 147.5 X X
O A(20, 0)
At C (0, 36), z = 0 + 3(36) = 108 2x+y=40
 z is maximum at B(2.5, 35).
Y

380
 Chapter 04: Integration

 sin x log(sec x  tan x)dx  sec  d   sec .sec 2  d

3
137. 141.

= log(sec x  tan x).( cos x)   sec x.( cos x)dx = sectan –  (sec  tan .tan )d

 sec  tan d

2
 d  = sectan –
….   log(sec x  tan x )   sec x 
 dx  = sectan –  sec (sec 2   1) d
=  cos x log (sec x + tan x) + 1dx = sectan –  (sec3   sec ) d
= x  cos x log (sec x + tan x) + c
= sectan –  sec3  d   sec d
138. Put x = sin  2  sec3  d = sec tan +  sec  d
 dx = cos d
= sec tan + log |sec + tan| + c
 sin (3x – 4x ) dx
1 3
 1
  sec
3
 d = sec  tan   log | sec   tan  |   c
2
=  sin (sin3) cos d
1

e x ( x  1) x1 1  ex
=  3 
cos d = 3  sin   sin  d  142.  x2
dx =   x x2 
e    d x 
x
+c

….  e [f ( x)  f ( x)]dx  e f ( x)  c 
x x
= 3( sin + cos) + c


= 3 x sin 1 x  1  x 2 + c  143.  e  x  5x  1 dx
x 5 4

1 =  e  x  5 x  dx +  e dx
x 5 4 x

139. Put sin1 x = t  dx  dt

1  x2 = ex.x5 + ex + c
sin 1 x 144.  e  tan x  log  cos x  dx
x
  (1  x2 )3/ 2 dx   t sec t dt
2

=  e  tan x  log  sec x   dx

x

= t tan t  1.tan t dt = ex log(sec x) + c

= t tan t + log(cos t) + c ….   e x f  x   f   x   dx= e x f  x   c

= t
sin t
1  sin t 2
 log  
1  sin 2 t  c 145.  e (1  tan x  tan
x 2
x)dx =  e (tan x  sec
x 2
x)dx
= ex tan x + c
x 1 1
= sin x + log(1  x2) + c ….   e x f  x   f   x   dx= e x f  x   c
1 x 2 2

 e (1  cot x  cot x)dx

x 2
140. Put tan1 x =   x = tan   dx = sec2 d 146.
x tan 1 x  tan  sec2  =  e ( cot x  cosec x)dx
x 2
  (1  x2 )3/ 2  (1  tan 2 )3/2 d
dx 
= ex ( cot x) + c = ex cot x + c
   sin  d   cos   sin   c xe x ( x  1  1)
tan  1
147.  ( x  1) 2
dx =  e x
( x  1)2
dx
=  . +c
1  tan  2
1  tan 2   1 1 
e 
x
=  2 
dx
x 1  x  1 ( x 1) 
  tan 1 x c
1 x 2
1  x2 ex
= c
x  tan 1 x x 1
 c
….   e f  x   f   x   dx= e f ( x)  c
x x
1  x2

523
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

( x  3)e x  x  4  1 x 155. Put log x = t  x = et  dx = et dt

148.  ( x  4)2 dx =   x  4 2 e dx log x t
  (1  log x)2 dx =  (1  t)2 e dt
t

 1 1 
=  ex   2 
dx
 x  4 ( x  4)   t  1  1
=  et  2 
dt
e x
 (1  t) 
= +c
x4  1 1 
=  et   2 
dt
e ( x  1) 1  t (1  t) 
x 2
e ( x  1  2)x 2
149.  ( x  1) 2
dx = 
( x  1) 2
dx
et
= c
 x 1 2  1 t
= 
ex   2
 x  1 ( x  1) 
dx
x
 c
 x 1  1  log x
= ex  +c
 x 1
 1 
 2  sin 2 x  x 156. Let I   log (log x)   dx
150.    e dx  (log x)2 
 1  cos 2 x 
Put log x = t  x = et  dx = et dt
 2  2sin x cos x  x
=   e dx  1
 2cos 2 x   I   e t  log t  2  dt
 t 
  sec x  tan x  e dx
2 x
=
 1  1 1 
x
= e tan x + c   e t  log t   dt   e t    2  dt
 t  t t 
 x x
 1  2sin cos   1  1 
 1  sin x  2 2  dx  e t log t  e t     c  x  log(log x)  c
151.  e x   dx =  e 
x
 t  log x
 1  cos x   2sin 2  x  
    1
2   f (x) = log(log x) and g (x) =
log x
1  x  x 
=  e x  cosec 2    cot    dx
2 2  2  dx (1  x) dx x dx
 x
157. x 2
 x3
= x 2
(1  x)
+ x 2
(1  x)
=  e x cot    c
 2 1 dx
 dx +  x(1  x)
2x x2
152. e (2 cos x  sin x ) dx = e cos x + c
2x

1 dx dx
….  e
mx
mf  x   f   x   dx= emx f  x   c = +  + 
x x 1 x
1
153. Let I =  logx (log x +2) dx =
x
+ log |x|  log|1  x| + c
Put log x = t  x = et  dx = et dt
x 1
 I =  t (t + 2)etdt =  e t (t 2  2t) dt = log  +c
1 x x
= et. t2 + c = x(log x)2 + c
154. Put log x = t  x = et  dx = et dt x2  x  1  5 
 1 1 
158.  x 2  x  6 dx   1  x 2
 x  6 
dx
1 1  t
   log x  (log x)2  dx    t  t 2  e dt  5 
=  1   dx
 ( x  3)( x  2) 
t
e
 c
t dx dx
=  dx   
x x2 x3
 c
log x = x + log|x – 2| – log|x + 3| + c

524
 Chapter 04: Integration
x x 163. Put ex = t  exdx = dt
159.  x 4  1 dx =  ( x 2  1)( x 2  1) dx
ex dt
1  x x    (1  e x )(2  e x ) dx   (1  t)(2  t)
2   x2  1 x2  1 
=    dx
 1 1 
1  2x 2x  =    dt
=   2  2  dx 1 t 2  t 
4  x 1 x 1
1 1 = log |1 + t|  log |2 + t| + c
= log x 2  1  log x 2  1  c
4 4 = log |1 + ex|  log |2 + ex| + c
1 x2  1 1  ex
= log 2 c = log c
4 x 1 2  ex
x2  3 2 
160.  ( x 2  2)( x 2  3) dx =   x 2  3  x 2  2  dx dx ex
164.  e x  1  2e  x  e 2 x  e x  2 dx
=
3  x  2  x 
= tan 1   tan 1  +c Put ex = t  exdx = dt
3  3 2  2 dt
 dx =  2
 x  1  x   e  1  2e
x  x t t2
= 3 tan 1    2 tan  +c
 3  2
=  
dt 1 1 1 
=    dt
dx 1 (t  2)(t  1) 3  t 1 t  2 
161.  x 2
 1 1  2 x 
=  1  x 1  x 1  2 x  dx 1 1
= log t  1  log t  2  c
1 A B C 3 3
Let =   1 1
1  x 1  x 1  2 x  1  x 1  x 1  2 x = log e x  1  log e x  2  c
3 3
 –1 = A (1 + x) (1 – 2x) + B(1 – x) (1 – 2x)
+ C (1 – x) (1 + x) ….(i) a ae x
1 165. Let I =  b  cex dx =  be x  ce2 x dx
Putting x = –1 in (i), we get B = –
6 Put ex = t  exdx = dt
1 dt
Putting x = 1 in (i), we get A =  I= a
2  bt  ct 2

1 4 dt
Putting x = in (i), we get C = – = a
2 3 t(ct  b)
dx a  c
  x 2
 1 1  2 x  =  
1
  dt
b  ct  b t 
1 1 1 1 4 1 a a
= 
2 1 x
dx  
6 1 x
dx  
3 1  2x
dx =  log ct  b  log t  c
b b
1 1 2 a t
= – log |1 – x| – log |1 + x| + log |1–2x| + c = log c
2 6 3 b ct  b
1 1 a ex
162.  dx =  dx = log c
xx 3
x(1+ x)(1  x) b b  ce x
1 2 1 1 
2  x 1 x 1 x 
=     dx 166. Put sin x = t
 cos x dx = dt
1
=
2
 2log x  log 1  x  log 1  x   c 
cos x dt
 (1  sin x)(2  sin x) dx =  (t  1)(t  2)
=
1
2
 1
log x 2  log 1  x 2  c = log
2
 x2
1  x2
c =
1 1
 t  1 dt –  t  2 dt

525
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
= log|t+1|  log|t+2| + c 1 A Bx  C
170. Let   2
t 1 ( x  1)( x  1) x  1 x  1
2

= log +c
t2  1 = A(x2 + 1) + (Bx + C) (x  1) ….(i)
sin x  1 Putting x = 1 in (i), we get
= log +c
sin x  2 1
A=
x3  1 x3 1 2
167.  3 dx =  dx   dx
x x x( x  1)
2
x( x  1)
2
Putting x = 0 in (i), we get
x2 1 x  1
=  x 2  1 dx    x  x 2  1  dx AC=1C=
2
 1  1 1 2x Comparing the coefficient of x2, we get
=  1   dx   dx   2 dx
 x 1
2
x 2 x 1 1
A+B=0B=
1 2
= x  tan 1 x  log x + log x 2  1  c
2
1  1 x 1 
= x  tan1 x  log x + log x 2  1 + c   ( x  1)( x 2
 1)
dx =     dx
 2( x  1) 2( x  1) 
2

1 1 1 2x 1 1
168. Let
2x  7
=
A
+
B = 
2 x 1
dx   2
4 x 1
dx   2
2 x 1
dx
 x  4 x4  x  4
2 2

1 1 1
 2x + 7 = A(x  4) + B = Ax + ( 4A+ B) = log  x  1  log  x 2  1  tan 1 x  c
2 4 2
 A = 2 and  4A + B = 7
 B = 7 + 4A = 7 + 8 = 15 dx dx
2x  7  2 15 
171.  1 x  x 2
x 3
=  1 x  1  x 
2

   x  4
2
dx =   
 x  4  x  4 2 
 dx
  1 1 1 1 1 x
15
=
2 1 x 2
dx  
2 1 x
dx  
2 1  x2
dx
= 2log | x – 4 |  +c
 x  4 1 1
= tan–1 x + log 1 x – log 1  x2 + c
2 2
x2  1 A B C
169. Let = + +
 x  2   x  3 x2  x  2 x3
2 2
x4
172.  ( x  1)( x 2  1) dx
 x2 +1 = A(x–2) (x+3) + B(x + 3) + C(x – 2)2
….(i) x4  1 1
Putting x = 2 in (i), we get B = 1
=  ( x  1)( x2  1) dx   ( x  1)( x 2  1) dx
2
Putting x = – 3 in (i), we get C = ( x  1)( x  1)( x 2  1) dx
5 =  ( x  1)( x2  1) dx   ( x  1)( x2  1)
Putting x = 3 in (i), we get
3  1 x 1 
6A + 6B + C = 10  A = =  ( x  1) dx      dx
 2( x  1) 2( x  1) 
2
5
x 1
2
1 1
   x  22  x  3 dx =  x dx   dx  2  x  1 dx
3 1 1 2 1 1 2x 1 1
=
5 x2
dx +   x  2 2
dx +
5 x3
dx  
4 x 1
2
dx   2
2 x 1
dx

3 1 2 x2 1 1 1
= log |x – 2| – + log |x + 3 | + c =  x  log x  1  log x2  1  tan 1 x  c
5 x2 5 2 2 4 2

526
 Chapter 04: Integration
dx 1 x 1
173.  f ( x) = log [f (x)]2 + c   tan
1

1 x
dx =  (cos 1 x.1dx)
2
Differentiating on both sides, we get 1  1 1 
1 2f ( x ) f '( x ) = cos x.x   .x dx 
 2 1 x 2

f ( x)
2
f ( x)

 f  (x) =
1 =
1
2

x cos1 x  1  x 2  c 
2
 x sin x sec x dx
3
177. Let I =
x
 f (x) =  f ( x)dx = +
2 =  x tan x .sec x dx
2

a 0 0 Put tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt

174. | A | = 0 b 0 = a b c  I =  tan 1 t.t dt
0 0 c
t2 1 t2
x 7x 77
x = tan1t.   . dt
Let I =  | A | dx =  7 7 7 dx 2 1 t2 2
7x t 2 tan 1 t 1  t 2  1  1 
Put 77 =t =    dt
x
2 2  1  t2 
77 x
7 (log7)3 77 7x dx = dt t 2 tan 1 t 1  1 
x dt dt =   1   dt
 77 7x dx = = 2 2  1  t2 
t  log 7 
x 3
7 7  log 7 
7 3
t 2 tan 1 t 1 1
=  t  tan 1 t  c
1 t 2 2 2
 I=
 log 7 
 dt =  log 7 
3 3
+c
2
x tan x 1 1
=  tan x  x  c
7x 2 2 2
77
= +c x(sec x  1) 1
2
1
 log 7 
3
=  tan x  x + c
2 2 2
175. Put x2 = t  2x dx = dt 1
= ( x sec2 x  tan x)  c
  x cos x dx
3 2
2

=
1
2 
1

t cos t dt = t sin t   sin t dt
2
 178.  log( x  1)dx =  log( x  1).1dx
1 x
=  t sin t  cos t   c = log(x + 1).x   x 1 dx
2
1 2
=  x sin x  cos x  + c
2 2 x+1 1
2
= x log(x + 1)   x 1
dx

176. Put x = cos    = cos1 x  1 

1 x  1  cos   = x log(x + 1)   1  dx
 tan1  tan 1   x 1 
1 x 
 1  cos   = x log(x + 1)  x + log(x + 1) + c
 2 
 = (x + 1) log(x + 1)  x + c
 2sin 
2 
= tan 1  1
 2cos 2  

179.  cos x (1  cos x) dx
 2 
1  cos x  cos x

= tan 1  tan  =
 =  cos x (1  cos x) dx
 2 2
dx dx
=
1
cos–1 x =  cos x   1  cos x
2
527
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
dx x 1  x 1 
=  sec x dx   7.  dx =     dx
x2 x  x x
2cos
2 1

1

1 2 x =  ( x 2  x 2 ) dx
=  sec x dx   sec 2 dx
2 3 1

1  x x2 x2
= + +c
= log|sec x + tan x|   tan   2  c 3 1
2  2
2 2
x
= log|sec x + tan x|  tan + c 3 1
2 2 x2
= + 2x 2 + c
3
Competitive Thinking
x  1  x2 11
1. Rationalizing the denominator, we get 8.  x 1  x2
dx = 
1  x2
dx +  dx
x
dx 1
 x  x  2 = 2  ( x  x  2) dx = sin1 x + log x + c

1  x 3/ 2 ( x  2) 3/ 2  sin 2 x 1  cos 2 x
= 
2 3 / 2

3/ 2 
+c 9.  1  cos x dx =  1  cos x dx
1

= x3/2  ( x  2)3/2 + c
3
 =  (1  cos x) dx
= x  sin x + C
2. Let f(x) = ex
e2 x 1 1  sin x
 [f ( x)] dx =   e  dx 
2 dx (1  sin x)
  [f ( x)]2 
2
 1  sin x =  1  sin
x
10. dx  dx
2 2 2
x cos 2 x
x
 e x dx =  elog a  e x dx =  a x e x dx =  sec 2 xdx +  tan x .sec x dx = tan x + sec x + c
e
x log a
3.
(ae) x dx (cos 2 x  sin 2 x)
=  (ae) x dx  c
log(ae) 11.  sin 2 x cos2 x  cos2 x sin 2 x dx


e5log x  e4 log x x5  x 4  1 1 
4.  e3log x  e2 log x  x3  x 2 dx
dx = =  2 
 sin x cos 2  dx
x
x 4 ( x  1) x3
= 2 dx =  x 2 dx   c =  cosec2 x dx   sec2 x dx
x ( x  1) 3
=  cot x + tan x + c
e6 log x  e5log x x 6  x5
5.  e4log x  e3log x dx =  x 4  x 3 dx dx sin 2 x  cos 2 x
x5 ( x  1)
12.  sin x cos2 x =  sin x cos 2 x
dx
=  3 dx
x ( x  1) sin x 1
x3 =  cos
2
x
dx + 
sin x
dx
 x dx = c
2
=
3 =  sec x tan x dx +  cosec x dx
 = sec x + log |cosec x – cot x| + c
6. x (tan 1 x  cot 1 x ) dx =  x 51 . dx
51

2
1 1
 
….  tan 1 x  cot 1 x  
13.  1  cos8 x dx =  2cos 2
4x
dx
 2
 x52 1
2
=  c = sec2 4 x dx
2 52
x 52 tan 4 x
= (tan1 x + cot1 x) + c = c
52 8
528
 Chapter 04: Integration
sin 2 x
14. Let I =  sin 5 x sin 3x dx 19.  1  sin 2 x dx

  cos 2 x  sin 2 x  2sin x cos x dx

sin  5 x  3 x 
=  sin 5 x sin 3x dx
  cos x  sin x 
2
dx
sin 5 x cos3 x  cos5 x sin 3 x
=  sin 5 x sin 3 x
dx =  (cos x  sin x )dx = sin x + cos x + c

=   cot 3x  cot 5 x  dx x
1 1
20.  1  sin
2
dx
= log |sin 3x| – log | sin 5x | + c
3 5  2x 2 x x x
cos 2 x  cos 2 2(cos 2 x  cos 2 )
=   sin  cos  2sin cos  dx
 4 4 4 4
15.  cos x  cos  dx =  cos x  cos  dx
 x x  x x
= 2 (cos x  cos )dx =   sin  cos  dx  4  sin  cos  + c
 4 4  4 4
= 2(sin x + x cos ) + c
x  x x
cos x  1
2sin 2 21.  2 1  sin x dx = 2   sin  cos  dx
 2 2
16.  cos x  1 dx =   2 2x dx  x 
2cos = 2  sin    dx
2 2 4
x
=   tan 2 dx =    sec 2  1 dx
x
 x 
2  2  =  4 cos    + c
2 4
 x x
=   1  sec 2  dx  x  2 tan  c 1 
 2 2  a= ,b=
2 4
x x
x  sin x x + 2sin cos
2 2 dx 1
17.  1  cos x dx =  2 x
22.  (sin 2x  cos 2 x) dx  2
sin(2 x  a)  b
2cos
2 1 1
1 x x   (sin 2 x  cos 2 x)  sin(2 x  a)  b
  x sec2 dx   tan dx 2 2
2 2 2  1 1 
x x  sin 2 x  cos 2 x   sin(2 x  a)  b 2
x tan tan  2 2 
1 2 1 2 dx  tan x dx
     2  
2 1 2 1   sin  2 x   = sin(2 x  a)  b 2
2 2  4
x  5 
 x tan  c  sin  2 x   = sin(2 x  a)  b 2
2  4 
 (1  cos x)cosec x dx
2
18. 5
 b is any constant and a =
=  cosec2 x dx   cot x cosec x dx 4

=  cot x + cosec x + c dx dx
1  cos x
23.  1  sin x =   
= +c 1  cos   x 
sin x 2 
x dx
2sin 2
= 2 c
=   x
x x 2cos 2   
2sin cos  4 2
2 2
 
x 1  x 
= tan   + c
2
=
2  sec2    dx
2 4

529
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 x  Put tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt

tan   
1 2 1
I4 – I2 =   3t 2  1  dt
2 4
= .  +c 
2 1 3 3
2 1 3
= (t + t) + c
 x  3
= tan     c
2 4 1
= [t(t2 + 1)] + c
 3
 a= and b = arbitrary constant
4 1
= [tan x (tan2x + 1)] + c
cos α cos  α  x   x  3
24.  sin x cos  α  x  dx =  sin x cos  α  x  dx 1
= sec2x tan x + c
3
cos  α  x  cos x  sin  α  x  sin x
=  sin x cos  α  x 
dx 1
28. Put log x = t  dx = dt
x
=  cot x  tan  a  x  dx
cos(log x)
= log |sin x| – log |cos ( – x)| + c1   x
dx =  cost dt
cos  α  x 
= – log + c1 = sin t + c = sin(log x) + c
sin x
cos α cos x + sin α sin x 29. Put x2 = t  2x dx = dt
= – log + c1 1
x 2 log 2 x 2
sin x
 x e e dx = 2  e 2tdt
t

= – log |cos  (cot x + tan )| + c1

= – log |cot x + tan | – log |cos | + c1 1
  2e  dt
t
=
= – log |cot x + tan | + c 2
 sec x tan x dx =  sec x sec x tan x dx  2e 
t
25. 4 3

= +c
Put t = sec x  dt = sec x tan x dx 2 log  2e 
t4 1 2 2
  sec
4
x tan x dx =  t 3 dt = + c = sec4 x + c 2x ex
4 4 = +c
2  log 2  1
26. I4 =  tan4 x dx, I6 =  tan6 x dx
I4 + I6 =   tan 4 x  tan 6 x  dx 1
30. Put t = tan1 x2  dt = . 2x dx
=  tan x 1  tan x  dx
4 2
1 x 4
2 x tan 1 x 2 t2
=  tan 4 x  sec2 x dx   1  x4 d x 
= t dt  +c
2
1 1
tan5 x + c
= = (tan 1 x 2 ) 2 + c
5 2
Comparing with a tan5 x + bx5 + c, we get
1 31. Let I =  (e x  e x )2 (e x  e x )dx
 a= ,b=0
5 Put ex + ex = t  (ex  ex) dx = dt
2  2 
27. I4 – I2 =   sec 4 x  sec 2 x  dx t3 1
3  3   I =  t 2 .dt   c = (ex + ex)3 + c
3 3
 2
=  sec 2 x  sec 2 x   dx
 3 32. Put t = x + log sec x
 3sec x  2 
2  dt = (1 + tan x)dx
=  sec2 x   dx
 3  1  tan x 1
1
  x  log sec x dx =  t dt  log t  c

=  sec2 x 3tan 2 x  1 dx
3

= log(x + log sec x) + c
530
 Chapter 04: Integration
1 1 1
33. Put 1 + log x = t  dx = dt 39. Let I = 4 dx =  dx
x xx 
x 4 x 
1  log x t2 (1  log x)2
  dx =  t dt  +c = +c 1
x 2 2 Put 4 + x =t  dx = dt
2 x
34. Put a2 + b2 sin2 x = t 2dt
 b2 sin 2x dx = dt
 I=  t
= 2 log t + c

 a
sin 2 x
dx =
1

dt = 2 log  
x 4 + c
2
 b sin x
2 2 2
b t
x sin x
1
 2 log t  c
40. Let I =  x cos x  sin x  1 dx
b Put x cos x  sin x  1 = t
1  x sin x dx = dt
= 2 log(a 2  b 2 sin 2 x ) + c
b dt
 I =   =  log|t| + c
35. Put x 3  t  3 x 2 dx  dt t
= log|x cos x  sin x  1| + c
1
 x sec x dx  3  sec t dt
2 3
 dx sec 2 x
41. Let I =  sin x cos x  3cos
x 2
=  tan x  3 dx
1
= log(sec t  tan t)  c Put tan x + 3 = t
3  sec2 x dx = dt
1
3
3

= log sec x  tan x  c
3
 
dt
I =  = log |t| + c = log |tan x + 3| + c
t
e x ( x  1) cos x
36.  cos 2
( xe x )
dx =  e x ( x  1) sec 2 ( xe x )dx 42.  1  sin x dx = 2 1  sin x  c
Put xex = t  (x + 1)ex dx = dt  f ( x) 
….   dx  2 f ( x)  c 
e x ( x  1) f ( x)
  cos 2
dx =  sec 2 t dt = tan t + c  
( xe x ) 2
 x x
= tan(xex) + c = 2  sin  cos   c
 2 2
1 x e x (1  x)   x  x 
37. Let I = 
x  e x
dx =  xe x  1 dx = 2 sin    cos     c
 2  2 
Put xex + 1 = t  ex(1 + x)dx = dt
x
dt 43. Put 1 + log tan =t
 I =  = log |t| + c = log |1 + xex| + c 2
t
 
 1 
38. 1
Put x + tan x = t 2 x 1
  sec   dx= dt
  x 2 2
 1  2  x2  tan  2  
 1   d x  dt  dx  dt    
 1 x
2
 1  x2
 cosec x dx = dt
 ( x 2  2)a ( x  tan 1 x )  cos ec x dt
   x 1
2
 dx   a t dt

   x
dx =  cos 2
t
 cos 2 1  log tan 
 2
at
= c =  sec 2 t dt
log a
1
= tan t + c
a x  tan x  x
= c = tan 1  log tan   c
log a  2 
531
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
13. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 2. 20. lim f(x) = lim x2 = 1 and f(1) = 2
x 1 x 1
 f(2) = lim f(x)
x 2  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
 3 = lim (kx – 1)
x 2 21. lim f(x) = lim x 2 = 1
x 1 x 1
 3 = 2k – 1
 k=2 lim f(x) = lim  x + 5  = 6
x 1 x 1

14. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 1.  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.

 lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x 1 x 1 22. lim f ( x) = lim x = 1
x 1 x 1
 2 = lim (c – 2x)
x 1
lim f ( x ) = lim ( x  1) = 1 + 1 = 2
2=c–2 x 1 x 1

c=4  lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )

x 1 x 1
15. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
 lim f(x) = lim f(x)
x 0 x 0
23. lim f(x) = lim (x – 1) = – 1
 lim (– x2 – k) = lim (x2 + k) x  0 x0
x 0 x 0
lim f(x) = lim x2 = 0
–k=k 
x 0 x0

k=0  lim f(x)  lim f(x)

x  0 
x 0
16. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
 lim f(x) = lim f(x)  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
x 1 x 1

 lim (2x + 1) = lim (3 – kx2) 5  1

x 1 x 1
24. lim f ( x) = lim   x  =
x 2  x2 2
  2
 2 + 1 = 3 – k(1)2
 3 1
k=0 lim f ( x)  lim  x    and f(2) = 1
x  2 x 2
 2 2
17. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 3.
 f(3) = lim f ( x )  lim f ( x) = lim f ( x)  f(2)
 
x 2 x 2
x  3

 4 = lim f(3  h)  4 = lim (3  h + )  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 2.

h 0 h 0
25. lim f ( x )  lim (1  x ) = 0
3+=4=1 x 1 x 1

18. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 2. lim f(x) = lim (1  x 2 ) = 1 + 12 = 2

x 1 x 1
 f (2)  lim f ( x)
x  2  lim f(x)  lim f(x)
x 1 x 1
 x 4  2
 f(2) = lim  a  8 = 4 + a  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
x 2  x  2 
a=4 26. lim f(y) = lim (y2  y  1) = 4  2  1 = 1
y  2 
y 2
Also, f (2)  lim f ( x)
x  2 lim f(y) = lim (4y + 1) = 8 + 1 = 9
y  2 
y 2
 f(2) = lim (x + b + 4)  8 = 6 + b
x 2  lim f(y)  lim f(y)
y  2 
y 2
b=2
 f(y) is discontinuous at y = 2.

19. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = .
2 28. lim f(x) = lim x2 = 1
x 3 x 3
 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
x

x
 f(3) = 3  2 = 1
2 2
 lim f(x) = f(3)
 lim (ax + 1) = lim (sin x + b) x 3
 
x
2
x
2  f(x) is continuous at x = 3.
 a Since, 3  (2, 4)
 a. + 1 = 1 + b b=
2 2  f(x) is continuous in (2, 4).

384
 Chapter 04: Integration

dx 1 dx 1 1
52.  sin x  cos x = 
2 sin x cos   cos x sin 
57. Let I = 1 e x
dx =
1
dx 
1  x
4 4 e
1   e x
=
2
 cosec  x   dx
 4
= 
1  e x
dx

1  x Put e–x = t  – e–x dx = dt

= log tan    + c 1
2 8 2  I =  dt
1 1 1 t
53.  1  sin x
dx = 
x x
dx = – log (1 + t) + c
sin  cos = – log (1 + e–x) + c
2 2
 1  ex 
1 = – log  x  + c
= dx
 x   e 
2 sin   
2 4  ex 
= log  x 
+c
1  x  1 e 
=
2
 cosec    dx
2 4
dx
 x
= 2 log tan     c
58. Let I =  e  e x  2
x

8 4
e x dx
sin x
=  e 2 x  2e x  1
54. Let I = 2 dx
  Put ex = t  ex dx = dt
sin  x  
 4 dt dt
 I=  2 = 
 t  2t +1  t  1
2
Put x  = t  dx = dt
4 1 1
  = +c= x +c
sin   t  t +1 e 1
cos t  sin t
I = 2 
4 
 dt =  dt
sin t sin t dt
59. Put x2 = t  xdx =
=  cot t dt   dt = log |sin t| + t + c1 2
x 1 dt
= x
  
 log sin  x    c1
  1 x4 dx = 2  1  t 2
4  4
1
   = tan1 t +c
= x  log sin  x    c, where c = c1  2
 4 4 1
= tan1 (x2) + c
2
55.  (1  2 tan x  2 tan x sec x) dx
2 1/ 2

=  (sec x  tan x  2 tan x sec x)

2 2 1/ 2 1 1
dx 60.  (1  x) dx =  dx
  x  x
2
x 1
=  (sec x  tan x) dx  
= log(sec x + tan x) + log sec x + c 1
= log sec x(sec x + tan x) + c Put x  t  dx = dt
2 x
dx ex 1 2
56. e x
e x
=  2 x dx
e 1   (1  x) dx = 1 t 2
dt
x
dt
= 2 = 2 tan–1 t + A
t 1
1
….[Put ex = t  exdx = dt]   (1  x) x
dx = 2 tan–1 x + A
= tan1 (t) + c
= tan1 (ex) + c  f(x) = 2 tan–1 x
533
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

x2 dx
61. Let I =  1 dx 66. Let I = 
x  3 2
x10  x 2
Put x3 = t  3x2 dx = dt dx
1 dt
=  x x8  1
 I= 
3 1  t2 x 3 dx
1
= x 4
x8  1
= tan–1 t + c
3 Put x4 = t  4x3 dx = dt
1 1 dt
= tan–1 x3 + c  I= 
3 4 t t2  1
62. Put x4 = t  4x3 dx = dt 1
= sec–1 t + c
x 3 dx 1 dt 1 1 4
  1 x8 = 4  1  t 2 = 4 tan t + c 1
= sec–1 (x4) + c
1 4
= tan1 (x4) + c
4 sin 2 x
dx dx
67. Let I =  sin
x  cos 4 x
dx
4

63.  16 x 2
9
=  (4 x) 2
 32  4
2sin x cos x
dx
sin x  cos 4 x
1  4x 
= tan 1    c 2 tan x sec2 x
12  3  = dx
1  tan 4 x
1 Put tan2 x = t  2tan x sec2 xdx = dt
64. Let I =  dx dt
9  16 x 2  I=  = tan1 t + c = tan1(tan2x) + c
1 1 t 2

=  dx sin 2 x
32  (4 x) 2 68. Let I =  sin
x  cos 4 x
dx
4

1  4x  2sin x cos x
=sin 1    c  4 dx
4  3  sin x  cos 4 x
Comparing with  sin1 (x) + c, we get 2 tan x sec2 x
1 4 = dx
= ,= 1  tan 4 x
4 3 Put tan2 x = t  2 tan x sec2 x dx = dt
1 1 3 dt
 + =  =1  I=  = tan1 t + c = tan1(tan2x) + c
 4 4 1 t 2

Comparing with tan–1[f (x)] + c, we get

dx
65. Let I =  16  9 x 2
f(x) = tan2x
 
 
2
 f   = tan2 = 3 = 3
1 3 3
=  dx
42   3x 
2
69. Let I
sin 2 x cos 2 x
1 3x = dx
= sin–1  sin x  cos3 x sin 2 x  sin 3 x cos 2 x  cos5 x 
2
+C 5

3 4
Comparing with A sin–1(Bx) + C, we get sin 2 x cos 2 x
=  dx
 sin x  cos 2 x  sin 3 x  cos3 x  
2
1 3 2
A= ,B=
3 4
sin 2 x cos 2 x
1 3 13 =  dx
 A+B= + =
 sin x  cos3 x 
3 2
3 4 12
534
 Chapter 04: Integration
Dividing numerator and denominator by cos6 x, x5
we get 74. Let I =  x7
dx
tan 2 x . sec 2 x
I=  dx x5
1  tan 3 x 
2
=  ( x  7) ( x  5)
dx

Put 1 + tan3 x = t  3 tan2 x sec2x dx = dt x5


1 dt
I=  2 =–
1
+c=
1
+c
=  x  12 x  35
2
dx
3 t 3t 3 1  tan 3 x   1 2 x  10
70. x
Put a = t  a log e adx = dtx
=
2  x 2  12 x  35
dx

ax 1 dt 1 2 x  12  2
  1  a 2 x dx = log e a  1  t 2
2  x 2  12 x  35
= dx

1 sin 1 (a x ) 1 2 x  12 2 dx
= sin 1 (t) + c = +c =  dx  
log e a loge a 2 x 2  12 x  35 2 x 2  12 x  36  1
1 1 1 dx
71.  dx =  dx =  2 x 2  12 x  35  
8  2x  x 8  1   x 2  2 x  1 2 ( x  6)2  1
2

1 = x 2  12 x  35  log ( x  6)  x 2  12 x  35  c
=  dx
32   x  1
2

Comparing with A x 2  12 x  35
 x 1 
= sin1  c  log ( x  6)  x 2  12 x  35  c , we get
 3 
1 A=1
1
72.  3  6x  9x2
dx =  3  9 x2  6 x 
dx
75. Let I =  x2  2 x  5 dx
1
=  4   9 x  6 x  1
2
dx =   x  1
2
 22 dx
x 1
1 = x2  2 x  5
=  dx 2
22   3 x  1
2

+ 2 log x  1  x 2  2 x  5 + c
1  3x  1 
= sin 1   +c
3  2 
sec8 x
dx dx
76. Let I =  cosec x dx
73. I = = 
(1  x)( x  2) 2  3 x  x 2 sin x
dx =  cos 8
x
dx
=  9  2 9
2    x  3x   =  tan x  sec7 x dx
4  4
dx =  sec6 x sec x tan x dx
=  2 2
Put sec x = t  sec x tan x dx = dt
1  3
  x 
  t dt
6
2  2 I =
 3 t7
1
x 2 = c
= sin   +C 7
 1  sec7 x
 2  = c
 1
I = sin (2x  3) + C 7

535
 Chapter 01: Continuity
16. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
 f(0) = lim f ( x) 9cos3x  cos x 9  1
x 0   lim    = 4
1  cos3x x 0 2 2
 k = lim
x tan x
x 0

1  cos3x 1 20. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = .
 k = lim  4
x 0 x2 tan x
x 
 f   = lim f(x)
3 2
  1  cos kx  k 
2
 4  x  4
k= 1 ....  lim    
2  x 0  x2  2 1  tan x
 k = lim
9 1  2 sin x
k= x
4
2
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
  sec 2 x 2
17. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = . k = lim  =2
2 x

 2 cos x 1

4
 f   = lim f ( x )
2 x

2 
21. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = ,
 k cos x  6
 3 = lim  
x    2 x 


2  lim f(x) = f  
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get x

6
6
k( sin x) 3sin x  3 cos x
3 = lim  lim =a
x
 2 x
 6x  
2
6
k Applying L'Hospital rule to L.H.S, we get
3= k=6
2
3cos x + 3 sin x
lim =a
 x
 6
18. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = . 6
4
 3 1
 3    3  
 f   = lim f(x) 2 2
 4  x  4    =a
6
cos x  sin x 4 3 1
 k = lim  =a a=
x
 cos 2 x 12 3
4

cos x  sin x
 k = lim 
x cos2 x – sin 2 x 22. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = .
4
2
cos x  sin x
 k = lim 
x (cos x – sin x ) (cos x + sin x )  f   = lim f(x)
4
 2  x  2
1 1
 k = lim = 1  sin x
x cos x + sin x 2   = lim
  2x
4  2
x
2
19. Since, f(x) is continuous x = 0. Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
 f(0) = lim f ( x )  cos x
x0
 = lim
cos3x  cos x x
 4    2 x 
   lim 2
x 0 x2 Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
sin x 1
3sin 3x  sin x  = lim  =
   lim
x 0 2x
x  
 4 2
2
8

387
 Chapter 04: Integration

84. Let I =  e x  1 dx =  (1  sin 2 )d

Put ex  1 = t2  1  cos 2 
=  d     d
x
 e dx = 2t dt  2 
2t 1 sin 2 
 dx = dt =  +   +c
t2 1 2 2 
2t 2t 2 3 sin  cos 

 I = t t 1
2
dt =  t 2  1 dt =
2 2
+c

2(t 2  1)  2 3 sin  1  sin 2 

=  t 2  1 dt =
2

2
+c

dt 3 1 1
= 2  dt  2  = sin x  x 1  x 2 + c
t 1
2
2 2
= 2t  2 tan1 t + c
1 dx
= 2  e x 1  tan 1 e x 1  c  88. Let I = 
x 2 ( x 4  1)
3
4
dx  
 1 4
3

x 1  4 
5

 x 
1 e2 x
85. Let I =  dx =  dx 1 4
 e x  e x   e2 x  1
2 2
Put 1  4
 t  5 dx  dt
x x
Put e2x + 1 = t  2 e2x dx = dt 1 dt 1 1 1

1 1
 I=   3 =   4t 4
 c   t 4
c
1 1 4 4 4
 I= 
2 t 2
dt =  . + c
2 t t
1 1
1  1 4  x4  1  4
= +c
2  2e x  1 =  1  4   c    4   c
 x   x 

1 e x 2 x12  5 x9
86.  dx =  dx 89.  dx
x  x3  1
3
1  e2 x e 2 x  1 5

Put ex = t  exdx = dt  2 5 

x15  3  6 
1 1
=  x x 
  dx =   dt 3
dx
t 1 15  1 1 
2
1 e 2x
x 1  2  5 
 x x 
=  log  t  t 2  1 + c
  1 1  2 5 
Put 1   5  t   3  6  dx  dt
=  log e  e  1 + c
2
x 2 x
x x x x 
 
2x  5x
12 9
dt
1 1  e2 x    x5  x3  1 3 dx =  t 3
=  log 
 e
x

ex
+c

 
1
=  log 1  1  e2 x  + log ex + c = C
  2t 2
1
= x  log 1  1  e2 x  + c = C
   1 1 
2

2 1  2  5 
 x x 
87. Put x = sin  dx = cos  d
1  x2 1  sin 2  x10
= C
  1  x2 d x =  1  sin 2  .cos  d  2  x5  x3  1
2

537
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
x 1 1 1  dt   t  3 
90. Put =t dx = dt 2   . 
x2  x  2 4
2
4 
3  I =    3
(t)
1
  dx 1 t  3
8  t3
1/4


x  1  x  2   dt
3 5
=

1 1  dt dt 
8   t2
 dx =   3 3 
 x  1  x  2   x  2
3/ 4
3/ 4 2
t 
1  1 3 
  C
1
=
1 1 t4 8  t 2t 2 
  t 3/ 4 dt    c
3 3 1 1 3 
4 =  2 
C
1/ 4
 8t 16 t 
4  x 1  2t  3 2(3  4cos x)  3
=   c = C= C
3 x 2 16 t 2
16(3  4cos x) 2
( x  2)dx 3  8cos x
 I = C
91. Let I =  16(3  4cos x ) 2
( x  2) ( x  3) 
2 7 1/3

dx
= 
dx
1/3
93. Let I =  cos x 1  cos 2 x  sin 2 x
( x  2) ( x  3) 7 /3
dx
= 
dx
7 /3
=  cos x 2cos x  2sin x cos x
2
 x3
( x  2) 1/3 .( x  2)7/3  
 x2 dx
=  cos 2
x 2  2 tan x
dx
 I=   x3
7 /3
sec 2 x dx
( x  2) 2   =  2  2 tan x
 x2
x3 5 Put 2 + 2 tan x = t  2 sec2 x dx = dt
Put =t  dx = dt 1 dt
x2 ( x  2) 2  I= 
2 t
dx 1
 = dt 1
( x  2) 2
5 = (2) t + c
2
1 dt 1 t 4/3
5  t 7/3 5  4 
 I=   c = t + c = 2  2 tan x + c
  sin   cos 
 3 
4
94. Let I =  2sin  cos 
d
3  x  2 3 sin   cos 
=   c =  d
20  x3 1  (1  2sin  cos )
sin 2 x (sin   cos )d
92. I=  (3  4cos x) dx = 
1  (sin   cos 2   2sin  cos )
2
3

2sin x cos x sin   cos 

I=  (3  4cos x) 3
dx =  2
d
1  (sin   cos )
t 3 Put (sin – cos) = t
Put 3 + 4 cos x = t  cos x =
4  (cos + sin) d = dt
dt dt
 sin x dx =
(4)
 I=  1 t 2
= sin–1(t) + c = sin–1(sin – cos) + c

538
 Chapter 04: Integration
dx  t 7 2t 5 2t 3 
95. Let I =  3 = 2   c
(a 2  x ) 2 2 7 5 3 
Put x = a tan   dx = a sec2  d  ( x  1)7/ 2 2( x  1)5/ 2 2( x  1)3/ 2 
= 2   c
a sec2  a sec2   7 5 3 
 I=  3
d   3 2 3 d
(a  a tan )
2 2 2 2
a (sec ) 2 x3dx
99. Let I = 
1 d 1 1 ( x 2  1)3
2 
=  2  cos  d  2 sin   c
a sec  a a Put x2 + 1 = t  2x dx = dt
1 tan  1 (t  1)dt 1 2 3
= 2
a 1  tan 2 
+c  I= 
2 t3
  t  t dt
2
 
x 1  t 1 t 2 
= c
1 =   K
a (x  a )
2 2 2 2 2  1 2 
1 1 1 
1 e x =   2 K
96. Let I = 
a  b ex
dx =  a e x  b dx 2  2( x  1)
2 2
x  1
1 1  2 x 2  2 
Put aex + b = t  aex dx = dt =  K
1 dt 1 2  2( x 2  1) 2 
 I =   =  log |t| + c
a t a 1  (1  2 x 2 ) 
=  K
1 2  2( x 2  1)2 
=  log|aex + b| + c
a 1  2 x 2  1 
1 a  be x =  K
=  log c 4  ( x 2  1) 2 
a ex
x2  1
1
= log
ex
c 100. Let I = x  3x 2  1
4
dx
a a  be x
1 1
1 2 1
97. Put xe + ex = t =  x x2
 (exe1 + ex) dx = dt 1
dx =   1
2
dx
x  2 3
2

 e(xe1+ex1)dx = dt x  x   1
 x
dt 1
 (xe1 + ex1)dx =  1 
e Put x  = t   1  2  dx = dt
x  x 
x e 1  e x 1 1 dt 1
  e
x e x
dx = 
e t
= log t + c
e  I = 
dt
1  t2
1 = tan1 t + c
= log xe  e x + c
e  1
= tan1  x   + c
x  1 x  1dx  x
2
98. Let I =

Put x  1 = t  x + 1 = t2 2  sin x
 x = t2  1  dx = 2t dt
101. Let I =  2  cos x dx
 I=   t
2 2

 1  1 (t)(2tdt) =
2
2  cos x
dx  
sin x
2  cos x
dx

  t  2t  2  2t  dt = I 1  I2
4 2 2
=
2
= 2   t dt  2 t dt  2 t dt 
6 4 2
I1 =  dx
2  cos x
539
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

x (1  cos )d

Put tan   = t
2
=  cos 
=  sec  d   d

2dt 1  t2 = log(sec  + tan)   + c

 
 dx = and cos x =
1 t2 1  t2  f(x) = log x  1  x 2  tan1 x + c
1 2dt
 I1 = 2 
2

1  t 1  t2
2  
f(0) = log 0  1  0  tan1 (0) + c 
1  t2  0 = log1  0 + c  c = 0
2.2dt
=  2
t 3
 4
dt
t  3
2
 
2
 
f(x) = log x  1  x 2  tan1 x 
4  t 
 f(1) = log 1  1  1   tan
2 1
(1)
= tan 1
  c1

 3
 
3
= log 1  2 
4  tan( x / 2)  4
= tan 1    c1
3  3 
 e3 x ex 
sin x 104. J  I =   4 x 2 x  4 x 2 x  dx
and I2 =  dx = log(2 + cosx) + c2  e  e 1 e  e 1 
2  cos x
 I = I1  I2 e 2x
1 e x
4  tan( x / 2) 
= e 4x
 e 2 x 1
dx
= tan 1   + log(2 + cosx) + c
3  3  Put ex = t  exdx = dt
1
x 2 dx 1 2
102. Let I =  t2 1 t
1 x  JI=  4 2 dt   dt
t  t 1  1
2

Put 1  x = t2  dx = 2tdt  t   1
 t
 I = 2
1  t 2 2
tdt
 2  1  t 2  dt
2
1
Put t + = y
t t

= 2 1  t  2t 2 dt
4
  1
 1  2  dt  dy
 t 5 2t 3   t 
=  2 t   
 5 3  dy 1 y 1
 J  I =  2 2  log C
y 1 2 y 1
15  3t  10t  4 2
= 2t   1
 15  t  1
1 t
2 = log C
= 1  x [15 + 3(1 – x)2 – 10(1 – x)] 2 1
t  1
15 t
2
= 1  x (3x2 + 4x + 8) 1 t2  t  1
15 = log 2 C
2 t  t 1
2
 P= 1 e2 x  e x 1
15 = log 2 x C
103. Put x = tan   dx = sec2  d 2 e  ex  1
tan 2  sec2 d
 f(x) =  2 sec 2 x
sec (1  sec ) 105. Let I =  9
dx
tan 2 d sin d
2  sec x  tan x  2
=  1  sec  =  cos (1  cos ) Put sec x + tan x = t ….(i)
 sec x(sec x + tanx)dx = dt
1  cos 2 d 1
=  cos (1  cos )  sec x dx = dt
t
540
 Chapter 04: Integration
1  1  cos 2 x 
Also, sec x  tan x =  x cos xdx =  x 
2
….(ii) 111.  dx
t 2 
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 1
x dx   x cos 2 x dx 
2 
1  1 = 
sec x =  t  
2 t
1  x 2 x sin 2 x sin 2 x 
 1 =    dx 
t 2 2 2 2 
1  t  1 1  1  1 
I = 
2 t2 t 2 
  dt = 9 13 dt
2 9
t x 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x
t 2
  =   +c
4 4 8
1 1 1 t 2
1
=  7  11 + K =  11    + K 1
7 11 
 cos x dx = cos1 xx + 
1
7t 2 11t 2 t2  112.  x dx
1  x2
1 1 1 
= 11 
+ (sec x + tan x) 2   K 1 2 x
2  1  x2
11 7 = x cos1 x  dx
sec x  tan x 2 
  

= x cos1 x  1  x 2  c
106.  f ( x)  g( x) dx =  x  sin x dx
= x cos x +  cos x dx 113.  sin(log x) dx +  cos(log x) dx
= x cos x + sin x + c x cos(log x)
= x sin(log x)  x
dx +  cos(log x ) dx  c
107.  x sin x dx   x cos x   cos x dx = x sin(log x) + c
=  x cos x + sin x + constant
 A = sin x + constant  sin x  cos x  2  sin 2 x  dx
114.  sin 2 2 x
log x
108.  log10 x dx =  log10 dx  sin x  cos x  sin 2 x  2  dx
= 
1 sin 2 2 x
= (x log x  x) + c
log10
= 
 sin x  cos x  2sin x cos x  2  dx
= x(log10x  log10e) + c 4sin 2 x cos 2 x
2sin 2 x cos x  2sin x  2sin x cos 2 x  2 cos x
2
cos 2 x   cos 2 x  =  dx
    2x.  
2
109. x sin 2 x dx = x    dx 4sin 2 x cos 2 x
 2   2 
x 2 cos 2 x  1 1 1
=    x cos 2 x dx =     2
2  2cos x 2sin x 2sin x cos x
x 2 cos 2 x x sin 2 x sin 2 x
=    dx 1 
2 2 2  2  dx
2cos x sin x 
x 2 cos 2 x x sin 2 x cos 2 x
=    c
2 2 4 1  cosec 2 x
=   sec x dx   cosec x dx   dx
 1  cos 2 x  2  cos x
 x sin  x 
2
110. x dx =  dx
2  sec 2 x 
 dx 
1 sin x 
x dx   x .cos 2 x dx 
2 
=
1  1  cot 2 x
= 1  x  x sin 2 x   sin 2 x dx  =   sec x dx   cosec x dx   dx
2

2  cos x
2 2 2 2 
x2 x 1 1  tan 2 x 
=  sin 2 x  cos 2 x  c  dx 
4 4 8 sin x 
541
 Chapter 01: Continuity
lim f(x) = lim f(4 + h) | x|
x  4 h 0 51. As is discontinuous at x = 0.
x
4h4
= lim +b=b+1 |3x  4 |
h 0 4h4  is discontinuous at 3 x – 4 = 0.
3x  4
and f(4) = a + b 4
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 4.  x=
3
 lim f(x) = f(4) = lim f(x)
x 4 x 4
52. lim f(x) = lim |x| = lim (– x) = 0
x  0
a–1=a+b=b+1 x0 x0

 b = – 1 and a = 1 lim f(x) = lim x = 0

x  0 x0

sin (a  1) x  sin x lim f(x) = lim x = 1

x 1 x1
48. lim f ( x) = lim
x  0 x 0 x lim f(x) = lim 1 = 1
x 1 x1
 sin (a  1) x sin x 
= lim   (a  1) 
x  0  (a  1) x
 x  53. When x < 0, x =  x
=a+1+1 x
 lim f(x)= lim = lim (1) = 1
=a+2 x 0  x 0 x x 0
When x > 0, x = x
x  bx 2  x
lim f ( x) = lim x
x  0 x  0 b x  lim f(x) = lim = lim (1) = 1
x 0  x 0 x x 0

= lim
x  
1  bx  1  lim f(x)  lim f(x)
x 0  x 0
x  0 b x  f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.
1  bx  1 0
= lim = = 0, if b  0 sin x sin x
x 0  b b 54. lim = lim =1
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
x 0 x x 0 x
 lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f(0) sin x sin x
x  0 x  0
and lim = lim = 1
x 0 x x  0 x
a+2=0=c
 the given function is discontinuous at x = 0.
 a = 2, c = 0
 a = 2, b  0 and c = 0 55. lim f(x) = 1 + 1 = 2
x  0

49. lim f ( x)  lim e1/ h  0 lim f(x) = 0

x  0 h 0 x  0

lim f ( x)  lim e1/ h    f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

x  0 h 0

 lim f ( x)  lim f ( x) x
x  0 x  0
56. lim f ( x) = lim
x  0 x  2x
x 0
2

 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0. x
= lim 2
x 0 x  2 x
x 4  16
50. lim f ( x ) = lim 1
x2 x2 x2 =
2
( x – 2)( x + 2) ( x 2  4)
= lim x
x2 x–2 lim f ( x) = lim 2
x  0 x 0 x  2 x
= lim ( x + 2)( x  4) = 32 and f(2) = 16
2
x 2 x 1
= lim 2 =
 lim f ( x)  f  2  x 0 x  2 x 2
x2
 lim f ( x ) does not exist.
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 2. x0

391
 Chapter 04: Integration

122. Let I   cos(log e x)dx x 4 e2 x 3 x 2 e 2 x 3 xe 2 x e2 x

= – x3 e2x + – + 3 dx
2 2 2 2
Put log e x = t  x = et  dx = etdt
x 4 e2 x 3x 2 e2 x 3 xe 2 x 3e 2 x
 I =  cos t.e t dt = – x3e2x + – + +c
2 2 2 4
= cos t.e t     sin t  .e t dt e2 x
= [2x4 – 4x3 + 6x2 – 6x + 3] + c
4
= cos t.e  sin t.e   cos t.e dt 
t t t

e5 x e5 x
 I = cos t.e  sin t.e  I  c1
t t
125.  x e dx = x .
3 5x 3
  3x 2 . dx
5 5
 2I = cos t.e t  sin t.e t  c1 x 3 e5 x 3 2 e 5 x 3 e5 x
x =  x .   2 x.
 I  [cos (log e x)  sin (log e x)]  c, 5 5 5 5 5
2 e 5x
3 6 e 5x
6 e5 x
c = x3  x 2 e 5 x  x.  . c
where c = 1 5 25 25 5 25 25
2 e5 x 3 3
4 
  x 3 5x
e d x  5 x  75 x 2  30 x  6   c
5
 32 x (log x) dx
3 2
123.
 f(x) = 53x3 – 75 x 2 + 30 x – 6
 x (log x) dx
3 2
= 32
 log  a  x 2  dx
2
126.
 x4 1 x4 
 32 (log x) 2 .   2log x. . dx 
1
 4 x 4 
 
= log a 2  x 2 . x  
a  x2
2
.2 x. xdx
 x4 1 
 32 (log x)2 .   x3 log x dx  x2
 4 2  = x log  a 2  x 2   2  2 dx
a  x2
 (log x) 2 x 4 1  log x.x 4 1 x4   a2 
 32      . dx   = x log  a 2  x 2   2  1  2 dx
4 2 4 x 4  2 
  a x 
 (log x)2 x 4 1  x 4 log x 1 x 4   1 x
 32 
4
 
2 4
 .   c
4 4  = x log  a 2  x 2   2 x  2a 2 . tan 1    c
 a a
 1 x4  x
 8 (log x ) 2 x 4   x 4 log x    + c = x log  a 2  x 2   2 x  2a tan 1    c
 2 4  a
 log x 1  127. Put logx = t
 8 x 4 (log x) 2   c
 2 8  x = et
4 2
= x [8(log x) – 4 log x + 1] + c  dx = etdt
  (logx)5 dx =  t5et dt
x e2 x dx
4
124. Let I =
= et(t5 – 5t4 + 20t3 – 60t2 + 120t – 120)
x4e2 x e2 x + constant
= –  4 x3  dx
2 2 = x[(logx) – 5(logx) + 20(logx) – 60(logx)2
5 4 3

x4e2 x + 120logx – 120] + constant

= – 2  x3 e2 x dx  A = 1, B = –5, C = 20, D = –60, E = 120
2
and F = –120
x 4 e2 x  x3 e2 x e2 x 
= – 2  dx   3x 2  dx   A + B + C + D + E + F = –44
2  2 2 
128. Put x = sec  dx = sec tan d
x 4 e2 x
– x3 e2x + 3 x
2 2x
= e dx 1  1  1  1 
2   cos  x  dx   cos  sec  . sec tan d
x 4 e2 x  x 2 e2 x e2 x 
= – x3 e2x + 3    2x  dx  1
2  2 2  =  cos (cos).sec tan d

543
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

=   .(sec tan) d ex
= c
x 1
= sec – 1. secd ...   e x f  x   f   x   dx= e x f ( x)  c 
= sec – log |tan + sec| + c 
= sec – log |  sec 2
  1  sec  |  c  x  x 
e x 1  2 sin   cos   
e (1  sin x)
x
2  2 
= xsec–1x – log | x 2
 1  x | + c 135.  1  cos x dx = 

2  x 
dx
2 cos  
2
1  x log x  =  1
129.  ex 
 x  dx

 e x  log x   ddx
 x 1 x x
x
  e x  sec2  tan  dx
= e log x + c 2 2 2
....   e [f ( x)  f ( x)]dx  e x f ( x)  c
x
x
   e x tan c
2
 e sin x(sin x  2cos x)dx
x
130. ….   e x f  x   f   x   dx = e x f  x   c
=  e (sin x+ 2sin x cos x)dx
x 2

e x ( x 2 tan 1 x  tan 1 x  1)
= ex sin2x + c 136.  x2  1
dx
 2  sin 2 x  x  2 1  sin x cos x  
e  dx =  e 
e x [( x 2  1) tan 1 x  1]
x
131.   dx
 1 cos 2 x   2cos 2 x 
=  x2  1
dx

=  ex (sec2 x + tan x) dx   1
=  e x  tan 1 x   dx
= ex tan x + c  1  x2 
…   e x  f  x   f   x   dx  e x f  x   c  = e x tan 1 x  c
 
 x  3 e x  x  4  1 137. Let I =  e tan x (sec2 x  sec3 x  sin x)dx
132.   x  4 2 dx =   x  4 2 ex dx
=  e tan x (1  tan x)sec2 x dx
 1 1 
=  ex    dx Put tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt
 x  4  x  4 
2
   I =  e t (1  t)dt = et.t + c = tan xetanx + c
x
e
= +c
x4  sin x  1 
138. Let I =  esin x   dx
 sec x 
2
 x2 x
133.   x  4  e dx =  esin x  sin x  1 cos x dx
Put sin x = t  cos x dx = dt
x  x  4x  4 
2
=   ( x  4) 2  dx
e
 I =  e t 1  t  dx
 x( x  4) 4 
= e
x
   dx = tet + c ...    e x  f  x   f   x   dx  e x f  x  
( x  4) 2
( x  4)2   
 sin x
= sin x.e + c
 x 4   x 
= e  dx = e x  +c
x
 2 
 x  4 ( x  4)   x4 139. Put tan1 x = t 
dx
= dt
1  x2
x ex x x  1  1 
134.  ( x  1)2 dx =  e ( x  1)2  dx   e tan
1 x  1  x  x2


 dx =  e  tan t  sec t  dt
t 2

 1 x
2

 1 1  = et tan t + c
=  ex   dx
 x  1  x  1 
2 1 x
= xe tan +c
544
 Chapter 04: Integration
dx 1
140. Put cot–1 x = t 
1  x2
= dt 145. Let I =  (x 2
 4) ( x 2  9)
dx

cot 1 x  x  x  1 
2
1 1 1 
  e 
 1 x 
2  dx  I=  5  x 2

 4 x 2  9 
dx

 
=   e t cot 2 t  cot t  1 dt  1

1  1 1 
….      
=   e  cosec t  cot t  dt
t 2       
1 1  x 1  x 
=  e  cot t  cosec t  dt
t 2
=  tan 1    tan 1     c
5 2 2 3  3 
= et cot t + c
1 x 1 x
= x ecot
1 x
+c = tan 1    tan 1    c
10  2  15 3
2x  1 1  e2 x x x
Comparing with A tan1   + B tan1   + c,
141.   x 2 x 2 
e  d x =
2x
c
2 3
  f ( x)  emx f ( x)  we get
….  e mx f ( x)  dx   c 1 1
  m  m  A= ,B=
10 15
1
 (1  x  x
1
142. )e x  x dx 1 1 1
 =
AB=
10 15 6
 1  1  1 
   x e x  x 1  2   e x  x  dx
  x   x
1
146.  (x 2
 a )( x 2  b 2 )
2
dx
= xe x  x  c
1 x x dx 
….   [ x f ( x)  f ( x)]dx  x f ( x)  c  =  
a 2  b2  x 2  a 2
dx   x2  b2 

2x  3 2x  3 1
143. x 2
 5x  6
dx =  ( x  3) ( x  2) dx =
2(a  b 2 ) 
2
 log( x 2  a 2 )  log( x 2  b 2 )   c

 9 7  1  x2  a 2 
=   x  3   dx
x  2 = log  2 2 
+c
2(a 2  b2 )  x b 
= 9 log (x  3)  7 log (x  2) + c
 A = constant 2 x2  1 A B
147. Let  2  2
 1 1   x  4 x  1 x  4 x  1
2 2

144.   x  3  x 2  dx
 3x   2x2 + 1 = A(x2  1) + B(x2  4)
Comparing the coefficient of x2 and constant
 1 1 
=    dx term on both sides, we get
 x  3 x  x  3   A + B = 2 and A  4B = 1
 1 1 1  Solving these two equations, we get
=     dx A = 3 and B = 1
 x  3 3 x 3  x  3  2x2  1
= 
 2 1   ( x 2  4)( x 2  1) dx
  dx
 3  x  3  3 x 
=   2
3 1 
 2  dx
2 1  x  4 x  1
= log (x – 3) + log x + c
3 3 3 x2 1 x 1
2 2 = log  log c
= log (x – 3) + log x + c 22 x2 2 x 1
3 3 3 1
2 x2 4 x 1 2
= log  x  x  3  + c = log  log c
3 x2 x 1

545
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Also, lim f(x) = lim f(x) For any x  1, 2, f(x) is the quotient of two
x 1 x 1
polynomials and a polynomial is everywhere
 lim (2x + 1) = lim 2b x 2  3  1
x 1  x 1
  continuous. Therefore, f(x) is continuous for
all x  1, 2.
 2(1) + 1 = 2b 1  3  1  f(x) is continuous on R  {1, 2}.
 3 = 4b  1 79. Since, f(x) is continuous in [0, ].
b=1  
 it is continuous at x = and x = .
 a+b=3+1=4 4 2
 lim f ( x) = lim f ( x)
76. Since, f(x) is continuous on its domain. 
x  


x  


 it is continuous at x = 2 and x = 9. 4 4

 lim f(x) = lim f(x)  lim ( x + a 2 sin x) = lim  (2 x cot x  b)


x  2 x  2  
x   x  
4 4
 lim (ax + b) = 7
x  2   1  
 a 2  = 2   (1)  b
 2a + b = 7 ….(i) 4  2 4
Also, lim f(x) = lim f(x)  
x 9 x  9  a= b
4 2
 lim (ax + b) = 21
x 9  
ab= ….(i)
 9a + b = 21 ….(ii) 4
Solving (i) and (ii), we get a = 2, b = 3 Also, lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
 
  
x   x  
2 2
    lim   2x cot x + b   lim  (a cos 2x – b sin x)
77. f(x) is continuous in   ,  except at x = 0.
 2 2 
x  

x  
2 2
   
For f(x) to be continuous in   ,  ,  2   (0) + b = a(1)  b(1)
 2 2 2
f(0) = lim f(x) b=ab
x 0

e x  e x  2  a + 2b = 0 ....(ii)
 f(0) = lim From (i) and (ii), we get
x 0 x sin x  
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get a= and b =
6 12
e x  e x
f(0) = lim 80. Since, f(x) is continuous in (, 6).
x  0 x cos x + sin x
 it is continuous at x = 1 and x = 3.
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get  lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )
x 1 x 1
e x  e x
f(0) = lim  x 
x  0 – x sin x  cos x  cos x  lim 1  sin  = lim (ax + b)
x 1  2  x 1
e0  e0 11 
= = =1  1  sin  a  b
0  2cos 0 2(1) 2
a+b=2 .....(i)
( x  1)( x  1)( x  2)( x  2)
78. f(x) = Also, lim f ( x)  lim f ( x)
| x  1| | x  2 | x  3 x  3

x 
x 1  lim (ax + b) = lim  6 tan 
Since, lim does not exist. 
x 3  x 3  12 
x 1 | x  1|
3
x2  3a  b  6 tan
Also, lim does not exist 12
x 2 | x  2 |
 3a + b = 6 .....(ii)
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1, 2. From (i) and (ii), we get a = 2, b = 0
394
 Chapter 04: Integration
1  1 1 4 
154. Let I =  x x 4
 1
dx  I=–   6(1  t)  2(1  t)  3(1  2t)  dt
x3 1 1 2
=  x 4  x 4  1
dx =
6
log(1  t)  log(1  t)  log(1 2t)  c
2 3
Put x4 = t  4x3 dx = dt 1 1
= log(1  cos x)  log(1  cos x)
1 dt 6 2
 I= 
4 t 1  t  2
 log(1 2cos x)  c
3
1 1 1 
=
4   t  1  t  dt f ( x)
1
157.  log cos x dx = log(log cos x) + c
= [log | t | – log | 1 + t| ] + c
4 Differentiating on both sides, we get
1 t f ( x) 1 1
= log +c =   (  sin x )
4 1 t log cos x log cos x cos x
1 x4 f ( x) tan x
= log +c  =  f(x) = tan x
4 1  x4 log cos x log cos x

dx 1 f ( x)
155. x =  x x dx 158.  log  sin x  dx = log (log sin x) + c
3
 3x 2  2 x 2
 3x  2 
Differentiating on both sides, we get
1
=  x  x  2  x  1 dx f ( x)

1

1
 cos x
log  sin x  log  sin x  sin x
1 1 1
=  2x dx  
2  x  2
dx  
x 1
dx f ( x) cot x
 =  f(x) = cot x
log  sin x  log  sin x 
1 1
= log |x| + log |x + 2| – log |x + 1| + c
2 2
1
1 1 159.  f (x) cos x dx = [f (x)]2 + c
= log |x (x + 2)| – log (x + 1)2 + c 2
2 2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1  x  2x
2

= log   +c f (x) cos x = f (x) . f(x)
  x  1 
2
2  f(x) = cos x
  f(x) dx =  cos x dx
dx
156. Let I =  sin x  sin 2 x  f (x) = sin x + c

dx  f   =1+c
=  sin x(1  2cos x) 2

sin x dx 1
=
sin 2 x 1  2cos x 
160.  f ( x)  cos x dx =
2
[f (x)]2 + c

sin x dx Differentiating w.r.t x, we get


(1  cos x)(1  cos x)(1  2cos x) 1
f (x)  cos x =  2 f (x) . f (x)
Put cos x = t 2
 – sin x dx = dt  cos x = f (x)
dt  cos 0 = f (0)
 I=– 
(1  t)(1  t)(1  2t)  f (0) = 1
547
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
5  x  1 1 
161. f   x  = 2 – = x log x   dx  x log( x  1)     dx
x4  x 1 
 5 5
 f(x) =   2  4  dx = 2x + 3 + c  1 
 x  3x = x log x  x + x log(x + 1)   1  dx
5  x 1 
f(1) = 2(1) + +c = x log x  x + x log(x + 1)  x + log |x + 1| + c
3 1
3

= x[log x + log (x + 1)]  2x + log |x + 1| + c

14 5
 =2+ +cc=1 = x log (x2 + x)  2x + log |x + 1| + c
3 3
 A =  2x + log |x + 1| + c
5
 f(x) = 2x + 3 + 1
3x 165. I1   sin 1 xdx
5 Put sin1 x =   x = sin   dx = cos  d
f(–1) = 2(–1) + +1
3  1
3
 I1    cos d   sin    1  sin d
5 8
=–2– +1 = =  sin   cos 
3 3
 x sin 1 x  1  x 2
1
162.  f(x) sin x cos x dx = log f(x) + c
2  b2  a 2  Now, I2   sin 1  x dx   cos 1 xdx
1 2

Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get Put cos1 x =   x = cos   dx = sin  d

1  f  x   I2 =    sin  d =  cos  +  1.   cos   d
f(x) sin x cos x = . 
2  b  a   f  x  
2 2

=  cos   sin  = xcos1x  1  x 2

1
 [f(x)]2 sin 2x = 2 f  (x) 
b  a2    I1 + I2 = x (sin1x + cos1x) =
2
x
1  dy  166. x = f ″(t) cos t + f (t) sin t
 y2 sin 2x = 2  
b  a  dx 
2
dx
…[Putting f(x) = y]  = f (t) sin t + f ‴ (t) cos t + f ″(t) sin t
dt
dy + f (t) cos t
 2
= (b2 – a2) sin 2x dx
y = f ‴(t) cos t + f (t) cos t
dy = cos t [f ‴(t) + f (t)]
  2 = (b2 – a2)  sin 2 x dx sin 2x dx
y y = f ″(t) sin t + f (t) cos t
1   b 2  a 2  cos 2 x dy
 =  = f ‴(t) sin t  f ″(t) cos t + f ″(t) cos t
y 2 dt
2  f (t) sin t
y= = f(x)
 b2  a 2  cos 2 x =  sin t [f ‴(t) + f (t)]
2 2
 dx   dy 
     = sin t + cos t  [f ‴(t) + f (t)]
2
d  2 2
163. [f ( x)] = x cos x + sin x  dt   dt 
dx
= [f ‴(t) + f (t)]2
 f (x) =  ( x cos x  sin x ) dx = x sin x + c
1
Since, f (0) = 2  c = 2  dx 2  dy 2  2
 f (x) = x sin x + 2 Let I =        dt
 dt   dt  
 log( x  x)dx =  log  x( x  1) dx
2
164. 1

 f (t)  f (t) 

2 2
= dt
=  log x.1dx +  log  x+ 1 .1dx
1 1 =  f (t)  f (t) dt
= log x.x   x . x dx  log( x 1). x   x 1 .x dx = f ″(t) + f (t) + c
548
 Chapter 04: Integration

Evaluation Test

5 x10 a tan 2 t
1. Let I =  dx  I =  sin 1  2a tan t sec2 t dt
x16 a  a tan 2 t

5  x10 1 =  sin 1 (sin t)  2a tan t sec 2 t dt

=  . dx
x10 x11 = 2a  t tan t sec 2 t dt
5 1  d  
=  x10
1. 11 dx
x
= 2a  t  tan t sec2 t dt    (t)  tan t sec2 t dt  dt 
  dt  
5  tan t 2
tan t 
2
Put 1 t = 2a  t.   1. dt 
x10  2 2 
 5(10)x11 dx = dt = a  t tan 2 t   (sec2 t  1)dt 
1 1
 dx =  dt x
x11
50 = a  t tan 2 t  tan t  t   c , where t = tan1
a
1
 1  x x
 I=  2   50  dt
t = a  tan 1
x

x
 tan 1 +c
a a a a
1 t 3/2 4. Let I =  cosec x 1 dx
=  . +c
50 3 / 2
1
  1dx
3/ 2
1  5  =
=   1  10  +c sin x
75  x 
1  sin x
2. r r
Multiplying N and D by sin 3x, we get
=  sin x
dx
cos5 x  cos 4 x
 1  2cos3x dx 1  sin x 1  sin x
=  
sin x 1 sin x
dx
sin 3 x cos5 x  sin 3x cos 4 x
=  dx cos x
sin 3x  2sin 3x cos3 x =  sin 2 x  sin x
dx
sin 3 x  cos 5 x  cos 4 x 
=  sin 3 x  sin 6 x
dx Put sin x = t
 cos x dx = dt
 3x 3 x  9x x
1
 2sin cos  2cos cos   I=  dt
= 
2 2  2 2
dx t t
2
9x 3x
2cos sin 1
2 2 =  dt
3x x 1 
=   2cos cos dx t t 
2

2 2 4 4
=   cos 2 x  cos x  dx = 
1
2 2
dt
1   1   
1
=   sin 2 x  sin x  + c t    
 2  2
2 
1
x = log t   t 2  t  c , where t = sin x
3. Let I =  sin 1 dx 2
ax
Put x = a tan2t 1
= log sin x +  sin 2 x  sin x + c
 dx = 2a tan t sec2t dt 2
549
 Chapter 01: Continuity
22. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0. Since the function is continuous at x = 1,
 f(0) = lim f(x)  lim f(x) = f (1)
x 0 x 1

 k = lim log(13x) (1 + 3 x)  e3 = (k – 1)3

x 0
e=k–1
log(1  3x)
 k = lim k=e+1
x 0 log(1  3x)
26. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,
log(1  3 x)
lim 3 f(0) = lim f(x)
k=
x 0 3x x 0
log(1  3 x) log e 1  x   log e 1  x 
lim  3 = lim
x 0 3 x x 0 x
 k = 1 Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
23. Since the function is continuous at x = 0, 1 1

lim f(0) = f(x) f(0) = lim 1  x 1  x
x 0
2x
x 0 1
 k = lim log (sec 2 x)cot  f(0) = 2
x 0

= lim cot 2 x log sec 2 x 27. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,

x 0
f(0) = lim f(x)
log (1  tan 2 x) x 0
= lim
x 0 tan 2 x log(1  ax)  log(1  bx)
 f(0) = lim
=1 x 0 x
Applying L'Hospital rule on R.H.S., we get
24. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0
a b
 f(0) = lim f ( x) 
f(0) = lim 1  ax 1  bx
x 0
1 x 0 1
   x
 k = lim  tan   x    f(0) = a + b
x 0
 4 
1 28. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
 1  tan x  x  f(2) = lim f ( x )
= lim   x2
x  0 1  tan x
  x 2  (A  2) x  A
tan x  2 = lim
 1
 x
x 2 x2
 1  tan x  tan x
 x( x  2)  A( x  1)
= lim
   2 = lim ,
x 0  tan x x 2 x2
 1
 x
which is true if A = 0
1  tan x 
 tan x

 
1
e1 29. If x  0, then the value of sin passes
= 1 = e2 x
e through [–1,1] infinitely many ways, therefore
limit of the function does not exist at x = 0.
lim  log 2 2x 
log x 8
25.
x 1 Hence, there is no value of k for which the
log x 23 function is continuous at x = 0.
= lim  log 2 2  log 2 x 
x 1
1 1
30. lim f ( x)  lim x sin , but 1  sin  1 and
= lim 1  log 2 x 
3 log x 2

x 1
x 0 x 0 x x
3
x0
log 2 x  lim f ( x) = 0
= lim 1  log 2 x  x 0
x 1
Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
3
lim log 2 x 
x 1 log 2 x  f(0) = lim f(x)
=e x 0

= e3 k=0
397
 Chapter 04: Integration
1 1
Put tan x = t  sec2x dx = dt  dx = dt 9. Let I =  dx
1  t2 x  2x  2
2 2

2 tan x 2t
sin 2x = = 1
1  tan x 1  t 2
2 =  ( x  1) 2
 1
2
dx
2 1 
 I1 =  2t

1  t2
dt
Put x + 1 = tan 
2
1  t2  dx = sec2  d
1 sec 2 
 I= d
=  t 2  t  1 dt (tan 2   1)2
1 sec2  x2  2x  2
=  2 dt =  4 d x+1
1 3 sec 
t t 
4 4 =  cos 2  d 
1
=  2
 
2
dt
=
1
 (1  cos 2) d
1
 1  3 2
t    
 2   2  1  sin 2 
=   c
 2 2 
1
2 t  1
= tan1  2+c = ( + sin  cos ) + c
1
3  3  2
  1  x 1 
 2  =  tan 1 ( x  1)  
1
c
2  2 tan x 1  2  x  2x  2 x  2x  2 
2 2

= tan1   + c1
3  3  1  1 x 1 
=  tan ( x  1)  2 +c
 From (i), 2 x  2 x  2 
1
2  2 tan x 1  10. Let I =  dx
I=x tan1  + c cos x  sin 6 x
6
3  3 
Since, a3 + b3 = (a + b)3  3ab(a + b)
 A 3  cos6x + sin6x = 1  3 sin2x cos2x
 A=3 ….[ a + b = cos2x + sin2x = 1]

 x 1  1 1
8. Let I =  log   2 dx  I =  1  3sin 2
x cos 2 x
dx
 x 1  x 1
1
 x 1  =  dx
Put log  =t 3
 x 1 1  sin 2 2 x
4
 1 1  4
    dx = dt =  dx
 x 1 x 1 4  3sin 2 2 x
1 1 4cosec2 2 x
 dx = dt
x 1
2
2 =  4cosec2 2 x  3 dx
1 1
 I =  t. dt  t 2  c 4cosec 2 2 x
2 4 =  4(1 cot 2 2 x)  3 dx
2
1   x  1  1
= log   +c
4   x  1   =  4cot
2 x 1
( 4 cosec2 2x) dx
2

1 Put 2 cot 2x = t
 A=
4   4 cosec2 2x dx = dt
551
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 I = 
1  cos   sin    1  tan  
t 1
2
dt 13. log    log  
 cos   sin    1  tan  
=  tan1(t) + c  
=  tan1 (2 cot 2x) + c  log tan    
 4 
 2cos 2 x  2sin 2 x 
=  tan1   +c 1  
 2sin x cos x  Since,  sec 2d  log tan    
2  4 
=  tan1(cot x  tan x) + c
= tan1(tan x  cot x) + c d  
 log tan      2sec 2 ….(i)
1 d 4 
11.  f ( x)sin x cos x dx = 2(b  a 2 )
2
log[f ( x)] + c
Integrating the given expression by parts, we
get
d  1 
  log  f ( x)   c  = f(x) sin x cos x   1 sin 2
dx  2(b  a ) I  log tan      sin 2  
2 2
  2sec 2 d
4  2 2
1 1
  f (x) = f(x) sin x cos x ….[From (i)]
2(b  a ) f ( x)
2 2

f ( x) 1  
 = 2(b2  a2) sin x cos x  sin 2 log tan       tan 2 d
[f ( x)] 2 2 4 
Integrating on both sides, we get 1   1
= sin 2 log tan     – log (sec 2)  c
f ( x) 2 4  2
 f ( x)2 dx = (b  a )  2sin x cos x dx
2 2

x  4
1 14. Let =t
  = (b2  a2)  2sin x cos x dx 3x  4
f ( x)
(3x  4)  (3x  4) t  1
= b 2  2sin x cos x dx  a 2  2sin x cos x dx  =
(3x  4)  (3x  4) t  1
= b2 ( cos2 x)  a2(sin2 x)
1 6x t  1 4  t 1 
  =  b2 cos2x  a2sin2x  = x=  
f ( x) 8 t  1 3  t 1
1 4t  4
 f(x) = 2 2 x+2= +2
a sin x  b 2 cos 2 x 3t  3
4t  4  6t  6 2t  10
12. Let I =  esin   log (sin )  cosec 2   cos  d = =
3t  3 3t  3
Put sin  = t
 x  4 
 cos  d = dt Given, f  = x + 2
 3x  4 
 1
 I =  e t log t  2  dt
 t  2t  10 2  t  5 
 f(t) = =  
 1 1 1 3t  3 3  t 1 
=  e t log t    2  dt
 t t t  2  t 1 4  2  4  2 8
=   = 1  = 
 1 3  t  1  3  t  1  3 3(t  1)
= e t  log t    c
 t 2 8
 f(x) = 
 d 1 1 1  3 3( x  1)
….   log t     2 
 dt  t t t 
2 8 
 1    f ( x ) dx =    dx
 3 3( x  1) 
= esin  log (sin )  c
 sin  
2 8
= x  log|x  1| + c
= esin   log(sin )  cosec   c 3 3
552
 Chapter 04: Integration

15. 
Let I =  log 1  x dx  I=
x 2 1
 x2 ( x 1) dx

=  log 1  x (1)dx  x 2 1 A B C
Put = + + 2
d 
  x ( x  1) x 1 x
2
= log(1  x ) 1dx    log 1  x 1dx  dx x
 dx   x2 + 1 = Ax 2  Bx( x 1)  C( x  1) ….(ii)
1  1 
= log(1  x ) .x     x dx Putting x = 0 in (ii), C = 1
1 x  2 x  Putting x = 1 in (ii), A = 2
1 x Putting x = 1 in (ii), B = 1
= x log(1  x ) + 
2 1 x
dx
 2 1 1 
 I =    2  dx
1  x 1 x x 
= x log(1  x ) + I1 ….(i)
2 1
= 2 log|x  1|  log|x| +
x x
Now, I1 =  dx
1 x  From (i),
Put x = t2, 1
P(x) + Q(x) = x + 2 log|x  1|  log|x| + +c
 dx = 2t dt x
t2 t2  (P + Q) (2) = P(2) + Q(2)
 I1 = 1 t2
.2t dt = 2 
1 t
dt
= 2 + 2 log 1  log 2 +
1
+c
2
1  t2 1
=  2 dt 5 5  5
1 t  =  log 2 + c ….  (P  Q) (2)  
2 2  2
 1 
=  2  1  t   dt  c = log 2
 1 t 
 P(x) + Q(x) = x + 2 log|x  1|  log|x|
 1 
= 2   1  t  dt 1
+ + log 2
1 t  x
1 t2  1
= 2  log(1  t)  t   + c1  P(3) + Q(3) = 3 + 2 log 2  log 3 + + log 2
 1 2 3
 1  10 8
=  2 log(1  x )  x  x  + c1 = + log
 2  3 3
 From (i), 2a sin x  bsin 2 x
I = x log (1  x )
17. Let I =  (b  a cos x)3
dx

1  1  (a  b cos x)
 .2 log (1  x )  x  x  + c = 2 sin x dx
2  2  (b  a cos x)3


= (x  1) log 1  x  x  x  c 1
2 
Put b + a cos x = t
 a sin x dx = dt
3
x 1 1
16. P(x) =  3 dx, Q(x) =  3 dx  sin x dx =  dt
x x 2
x  x2 a
x3 1 tb
 P(x) + Q(x) =  3 dx a  b 
x  x2
 I = 2  a    1  dt
 
x3  x 2  x 2 1 t3  a
=  dx
x3  x 2 2 a 2  bt  b 2
=  dt
 x2  1  a at 3
=  1  3 2 
dx
 x x  2
=  2   (a 2  b 2 ) t 3  bt 2  dt
=x+I ….(i) a
553
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

x2  4 x  3 ( x  3) 49. Given, f(x) = [x], x  ( 3.5, 100)

43. lim f(x) = lim = lim = 1
x 1 x 1 x2  1 x 1 ( x  1) As we know greatest integer function is
discontinuous on integer values.
f(1) = 2
In given interval, the integer values are
 lim f(x)  f(1)
x 1 ( 3,  2,  1, 0, …., 99).
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.  the total number of integers are 103.

44. lim f(x) = – 1 50. Since, f(x) is continuous at every point of its
x a 
domain.
lim f(x) = 1
x a   it is continuous at x = 1.
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = a.  lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )
x 1 x 1

| x|  lim (5x – 4) = lim (4x2 + 3bx)

45. | x | is continuous at x = 0 and is x1 x1

x  1 = 4 + 3b
discontinuous at x = 0.  b = 1
| x|
 f(x) = | x | + is discontinuous at x = 0. 51. Since, f(x) is continuous for all x.
x
 f(x) is continuous at x = 2.
2x2  7 2 x2  7
46. f(x) = = 2
x ( x  3)  1( x  3)
2
( x  1)( x  3)  f(2) = lim f ( x)
x2

2x  7
2
= x3  x 2  16 x  20
( x  1)( x  1)( x  3)  k = lim
x2 ( x  2) 2
 the points of discontinuity are
x = 1, x = – 1 and x = – 3 only. ( x  2) ( x 2  3 x  10)
= lim
x 2 ( x  2) 2
47. lim f(x) = lim 2 – x2 = 1
x 1 x 1
( x  2) 2 ( x  5)
= lim
f (1) = 1 – 1 = 0 x 2 ( x  2) 2
lim f (x)  f (1)
x 1 =7
 The function is discontinuous at x = 1
52. Since, f(x) = [x] is continuous at every non
lim f(x) = lim x – 10 = – 5
x 5 x 5 integer points.
f (5) = 2(5) = 10  option (C) is the correct answer.
lim f (x)  f (5) 53. Let g(x) = |x| and h(x) = sin x.
x 5
Then, f(x) = (hog) (x) for all x  R.
 The function is discontinuous at x = 5
As both g and h are continuous functions on R.
lim f (x) = x – 10 = –7
x  3  f(x) is also continuous for all x  R.
2
f (3) = 2 – 3 = –7
 
lim f (x) = f (3) 54. Since, f(x) is continuous in 0,  .
x 3  2
 The function is continuous at x = 3 
 it is continuous at x = .
4
48. Since, f(x) is not defined at x = 0, 1,  1 and at
 1  tan x
all other points f(x) is continuous.  f   = lim f(x) = lim
 4  x 4

x
 4x  
 the given function is discontinuous at 3 points. 4

400
 Chapter 04: Integration
Put tan x = t,  sec2x dx = dt where t = x + x2  x  1
 I =  t 27/13 (1+ t 2 ) dt
and 2t  1 = 2x  1 + 2 x 2  x  1
t + t 1/13  dt
27/13
= 3 1
 P = 2, Q =  , R = 
13 13 2 2
=  t 14/13  t12/13 + c
14 12 1
13 13
=  (tan x) 14/13  (tan x)12/13 + c
23. Let I =  (1  x 2
) 1  x2
dx
14 12
1
Put x = ,
1 t
22. Let I =  x x2  x  1
dx
1
 dx =  2 dt
Put x + x  x 1 = t
2 t
1  1 
 x  x 1 = t  x
2  I =  1
 2
1  t
 dt

x  x + 1 = t2  2tx + x2 1  2  1  2
2

 t  t
t2 1
 x= t dt
2t  1 = 
dx (2t  1).2t  (t 2  1).2 t 2
 1 t 2  1
 =
dt (2t  1)2 Put t2  1 = m2
2t 2  2t  2  2t dt = 2m dm,
 dx = dt  t dt = m dm
(2t  1) 2
mdm
1 2t 2  2t  2  I = 
 I =  t(2t  1) 2
dt
 m  2 m2
2

t2  t  1 1
= 2 dt =  dm
 
2
t(2t  1)2 m2  2
t2  t  1 A B C 1  m 
Put = + + tan 1 
t(2t  1) 2
t 2t  1 (2t  1)2 = c
2  2
 t2  t + 1 = A(2t  1)2 + Bt(2t  1) + Ct
1  t2 1 
….(i) = tan1  c
Putting t = 0 in (i), we get 2  2 

A=1
 1 
1  1 
Putting t = in (i), we get 1 2
2 = tan1  x c
2  2 
3  
C=  
2
Putting t = 1 in (i), we get 1  1  x2 
=  tan1  +c
1=A+B+C 2  2 x 

3 3
B=1–1– B=
2 2 1   1  x2 
=   cot 1   + c
1 3 3 1  2  2  2x 
 I = 2    . dt  
2 
 t 2(2t  1) 2 (2t  1) 
1  1
 2 x 
3 3 1 =    tan    + c
= 2 log t  log(2t  1)  . +c 2  2  1  x 2  
2 2 2t  1
3 1 3  1  2x  
= 2 log t  log(2t  1)   = tan1    +c
 + c, 2 
2  2t  1   1 x  2 2
2
2

555
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

x2  1 27. u =  f () sin  + f () cos 

24. Let I =  dx
x3 2 x 4  2 x 2  1 du
 =  f () sin   f () cos 
Dividing Nr and Dr by x5, we get d
 1 1  + f () cos   f () sin 
 3 5 =  f () sin   f () sin 
x x 
I=   dx v = f () cos  + f () sin 
2 1
2 2  4 dv
x x  =  f () sin  + f () cos 
d
2 1  4 4
Put 2  2  4  t   3  5  dx  dt + f () cos  + f () sin 
x x x x 
= f () cos  + f () cos 
1 dt 1
 I=   t c 2
 du   dv 
2
2
4 t 2    +   = [ f () sin   f () sin ]
 d   d 
1 2 1
= 2 2  4 c + [f () cos  + f () cos ]2
2 x x
= [f ()]2 sin2 + 2 f () f () sin2 
log x
25.  ( x  1) 2
dx =  log x .( x  1) 2 dx + [f ()]2 sin2  + [f ()]2 cos2 
+ 2f () f () cos2  + [f ()]2 cos2 
 x 1
1
1  x  1
1

= log x.  . dx = [f ()]2 + 2f () f () + [f ()]2

1 x 1
….[ sin2  + cos2  = 1]
log x  1 
= +   dx = [f () + f ()]2
x 1  x( x 1) 
1/ 2
1 1   du  2  dv 2 
=
log x
+    dx
   d    d   d =  f ()  f () d
x 1  x x 1   
log x = f () + f() + c
= + log |x|  log |x + 1| + c
x 1 x 1
28. Let I =  ( x  1) x3  x 2  x
dx
26. In =  sin x dx n

x2  1
=  sin n 1 x .sin x dx =  ( x  1) 2
x3  x 2  x
dx

= sinn1x  sin x dx
x2  1
d 
=  (x dx
    sin n 1 x   sin x dx  dx  2 x  1) x3  x 2  x
2

 dx  1
n1
= sin x( cos x) 1
=  x2 dx
  (n  1)sin n  2 x cos x (  cos x ) dx  1  1
 x   2  x  1
=  sinn1x cos x + (n  1)  sin n  2 x cos 2 x dx  x  x
1
=  sinn1x cos x + (n  1)  sin n  2 x 1  sin 2 x  dx Put x +  1 = t2
x
=  sinn1x cos x + (n  1)   sin n  2 x  sin n x  dx  1 
  1  2  dx = 2t dt
=  sin x cos x + (n  1)  sin
n1 n 2
x dx  x 
2t 1
(n  1)  sin n x dx  I =  (t dt = 2  dt = 2 tan1 t + c
2
 1) t 2 t 1
2

 In =  sinn1 x cos x + (n  1) In2  (n  1) In

 1 
 In + (n  1)In  (n  1)In 2 =  sinn 1 x cos x = 2 tan1  x   1  + c
 x 
 nIn  (n  1) In 2 =  sinn1x cos x  
556
 Chapter 04: Integration

29. Let I =   tan x  cot x dx 

 sin x cos x 
= 
 cos x  sin x 
dx
 
sin x+ cos x
=  dx
sin x cos x
2 (sin x  cos x)
=  2sin x cos x
dx

sin x  cos x
= 2  1  1 2sin x cos x
dx

sin x  cos x
= 2  1  1 2sin x cos x 
dx

sin x  cos x
= 2  1   sin x  2sin x cos x+ cos 2 x 
2
dx

1
= 2  (sin x + cos x) dx
1   sin x  cos x 
2

Put sin x  cos x = t

 (cos x + sin x)dx = dt
1
 I = 2  dt
1 t2
= 2 sin 1 (t)  c
= 2 sin1(sin x  cos x) + c

557
 Chapter 01: Continuity
3. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0, we must
 x  . (1)3x
3
(1)3
have f (0)  lim f ( x ) =
(1)  x  (1)5 x .x
2
x 0 2

a 2  ax  x 2  a 2  ax  x 2 3
= lim =
x 0
ax ax 5

a 2  ax  x 2  a 2  ax  x 2 6. For f to be continuous at x = 2,
= lim 1
x 0 ax ax f(2) = lim  x  1  2  x 
x 0
1
ax ax a  ax  x  a  ax  x = lim 1  ( x     x -2 = e1
2 2 2 2
  x 0
ax ax a 2  ax  x 2  a 2  ax  x 2
7. Given function is continuous at (– , 6).
= lim 
 a 2  ax  x 2    a 2  ax  x 2    a  x  a  x   at x = 1 and x = 3, function is continuous.
 
x 0  2 2 2 2
 a  x    a  x    a  ax  x  a  ax  x 
If the function f(x) is continuous at x = 1, then
lim f ( x)  lim f ( x )
x 1 x 1

= lim
2ax  ax ax   1 + sin

=a+b
x 0
2x  a  ax  x  a  ax  x
2 2 2 2
  a+b=2
2
.....(i)

 
If the function is continuous at x = 3, then
a a a
= lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )
x  3 x  3
a2  a2
3
 3a + b = 6 tan
 f(0) =  a 12
 3a + b = 6 .....(ii)
5 .2  7  7 .2  5
x x x x x x From (i) and (ii), a = 2, b = 0
4. lim
x 0 x 8. Since, x and | x | are continuous for all x.
2sin 2
2  x + | x | is continuous for x  (– , ).
5x (2 x 1)  7 x (2 x 1) 9. For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have
= lim lim f(x) = f(0) = lim f(x)
x 0 x
2sin 2 x  0 x  0
2
lim f(x) = lim e tan 2 x / tan 3 x
x  0 x 0
1  2 1   5 1 7 1 
x
1 x x
= lim     2
 tan 2 x

  tan 3 x
2 x 

3 x 
x 0 2  x  x x  sin x / 2 1 = lim e  2x   3x 

x2 / 4 4 x  0
2
 5  e3
= 2(log 2)  log 
 7  f(0) = lim f(x)
 x 0

It is discontinuous at x = 0 and it is removable. 2

 b  e3
sin 3 x log 1  3 x  lim f(x) = lim (1 | sin x |) a / | sin x |
 
5. a = lim x 0 x0

  
2
x0
tan 1 x e5 x
1 x 
lim  | sin x | 
a 

 e x 0  | sin x | 
 ea
 x   log(13x 3x)  3x
3
sin x 3
f(0) = lim f(x)

 x
3  x 0

= lim 2

 tan x   x  b = e  e = ea
x 0 2 a 3
1
e5 x  1
 
2
 5 x  x 2
 x a=
2
5 x
3
403
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
3 3 3  2
dx dx  1 1 sin x
18. 2 x 2  x = 2 x ( x  1) = 2  x  1  x  dx  I= 0 cos x + sin x
dx …..(ii)

3
1 1
3 Adding (i) and (ii), we get
 dx –  dx / 2
( x  1) x π 
2 2 2I =  dx =  I =
= [log( x  1)]32  [logx]32 0
2 4
= (log2 – log1) – (log3 – log2) = 2log2 – log3 

4 22. Let I =  x sin x dx ....(i)

= log   0
3 
19. Put x = a  t  dx =  dt  I =  (  x)sin (  x) dx
When x = 0, t = a and when x = a, t = 0 0
0
a
 a a


0

 f ( x) dx   f (a  t) dt
a
....   f ( x) dx   f (a  x) dx 
 0 0 

a
 b a
  I =  (  x) sin x dx ....(ii)
=  f (a  t) dt
0  a
 b

….  f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx 

0

Adding (i) and (ii), we get

a
 b b
 
=  f (a  x) dx
0  a

….  f ( x)dx  f (t)dt 
a 
 2I =  sin x dx     cos x 0 = 2
0



I=
2
sin x
20. Let I 
sin x 
 cos x
dx ….(i) 3
x
0 23. Let I =  5 x + x
dx …..(i)
   2
sin   x  3
2
2  5 x
=     
dx  I =
x + 5 x
dx ......(ii)
0 sin
  x   cos   x 
2

2  2   b b

….   f( x) dx =  f(a + b  x) dx 
 a a
  
 
a a
….  f ( x)dx  f (a  x)dx 
 0 0  Adding (i) and (ii), we get
3

2 2I =  dx = [ x]32 = 3 – 2 = 1
cos x
=  cos x  sin x dx
0
….(ii) 2

1
Adding (i) and (ii), we get I=
2

2
24. Let f(x) = x17 cos4 x

2I  dx = [ x]0/2
0
 f(– x) = (– x)17 {cos (– x)}4 = – f(x)
   f(x) is an odd function.
 2I = I = 1
2 4 cos4 xdx = 0
 x
17

/ 2
cos x 1
21. Let I =  sin x + cos x
dx .....(i)
0 25. Since, sin11 x is an odd function.
π  1
cos   x    sin
11
/ 2
2  x dx = 0
 I= 
0 π  π 
dx 1

sin   x  + cos   x 
 2   2  26. Since, 3 sin x + sin3 x is an odd function.
/ 2
 a 
  3sin x + sin x  dx = 0
a
....   f ( x) dx   f (a  x) dx   3

 0 0   / 2

559
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
π/ 2
(sinx + cosx) 2
Critical Thinking 7. I = 
0 1+ sin2 x
dx
2
2
 ax bx  4 2 π/ 2
(sinx + cosx) 2
 (ax
3
1. + bx + c)dx =  + + cx  = 4c
2  4 2  2
=  0 (sinx + cosx) 2
dx

Hence, the value depends on c. π/ 2

 (sinx + cosx) dx =  cosx + sinx 

π/2
1 =
dx 0
2. 
0 1 x  x
0

=2
1
( 1 x  x)
 dx 2
x
2
 x x
2

0 ( 1 x 
1
x )( 1  x  x )
1 1
8. 
0
1  sin
2
dx = 
0
 sin  cos  dx
 4 4 
( 1 x  x)
= dx   1  x d x   x d x 2
 x x
1 x  x
0 0
1
0
1
=   sin 4  cos 4  dx
0
2 3
 2 3 
=  1  x  2     x  2    x x 
3 0  3 0 ....  x  (0, 2),   sin  cos   0 
  4 4 
4 2 2 2 4 2
=   0 =  x x
2
3 3 3 3 = 4   cos  sin 
 4 4 0
π/ 4 π/ 4

= 4(0 + 1 + 1  0)
3. I+J= 
0
(sin 2 x + cos 2 x) dx =  dx =
0
4 =8

 I= –J  1  x  
1  x  1  
3 2
4 9.    x 1

1 
tan  2   tan 
 x  
  dx
/ 4 / 4

 tan 2 xdx =  (sec x  1) dx

2
4. 3
  x  1  x 
  tan
1
0 0 =  2   cot  2   dx
π π 1  x 1  x  1 
= [tan x ] – [ x ] 4 4 3
  
 2 dx
0 0
= ….  tan 1 x  cot 1 x  
  2
=1– 1
4  3
=  x  = 2
π
dx
π
1  sin x 2 1
5.  1+ sin x
0
= 
0
cos 2 x
dx
10. Put tan x = t  sec2 xdx = dt
π

=  (sec 2 x  sec x tan x) dx When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,t=1
0
4
/ 4 1
= [tan x  sec x]0π = tan  – sec  + 1 1 71 1
0 tan xsec xdx = 0 t dt = 7 [t ]0 = 7
2
 6 6

=0+1+1=2
3 / 4 π/2
dx 1
6.  / 4 1 + cos x 11. Let I =  cosθ sin 2 
d
π/4
3 / 4
1  cos x
3 / 4
1  cos x Put sin = t  cos d = dt
= 1  cos 2 x
dx =  sin 2 x
dx
 1 
/ 4 / 4 When  = , t = and when  = , t = 1
3 / 4 4 2 2
=  (cosec 2 x  cot x cosec x ) dx
1
1
 1 
1
/4
 I =  2 dt =  
3π t  t 1/
=  cot x + cosec x  = 2
1/ 2 2
4
π
4 = 2 –1
560
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
π /4
 /6
sinx
6
18. Let I =  sec x log (secx + tanx) dx
 tan x sec x dx
2
12. Let I =  cos3 x
dx = 0
0 0
Put log(sec x + tan x) = t  sec x dx = dt
Put tan x = t  sec2 xdx = dt log( 2 +1) log( 2 +1)
 1  t2  [log( 2  1)]2
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = , t =
6
 I=  t dt =  
 2 0
=
2
3 0
1 1 
3
 t2  3 1  / 4
1  tan x 
4

 I=  t dt =   =
 2 0 6 19.  dx =  tan  4  x  dx
0
0
1  tan x 0
/ 4 / 4  4
   
 
3
13. Let I = sec7 .sin d = tan 3θ sec4 d = log sec   x   
0 0
  4  0
Put tan = t  sec2  d = dt
1
 = – log2
When  = 0, t = 0 and when  = ,t=1 2
4
1 20. Since, sin is positive in interval (0, ).
1
 t4 t6  5   
 I =  t (1 + t ) dt =  +  =
3 2
 | sin θ |d =  sin d =  sin (1 – cos )d
2
 3 3
0  4 6  0 12 0 0 0

3 dt 2
 
14. Put x = t  x dx = =  sinθ dθ +  ( sinθ) cos2 d
3
0 0
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = a, t = a3 π
a3
 cos 3θ  4
a
1 1 3 = [cosθ] +  π
 =
x 
0
 2
sin x3 dx = sin t dt = – [cos t]a0  3 0 3
0
30 3
 /8  /8
1 1
 cos3 4θ dθ =  cos
2
= – (cos a3 – 1) = (1 – cos a3) 21. Let I = 4.cos4d
3 3 0 0
 /8
1
 (1  sin
2
15. Put x t dx  2 dt = 4θ) cos4d
x 0

When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = 2, t = 2 dt

Put sin4 = t  cos4d =
2 4
2
3 x 2
 3t  2
  dx= 2  3t dt  2   1)
2
 = (3 
0 x 0  log 3  0 log3 When  = 0, t = 0 and when  = ,t=1
8
/ 2 / 2 1
1 1 1  t3  1
  sin
2
16. Let I = sin x sin 2x dx = 2 x cos xdx
4 0
 I= (1  t 2
) dt = t  =
0 0 4  3 0 6
Put sin x = t  cos x dx = dt
π/ 2
 1+ cos x
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = , t = 1
2
22. Let I =  5
dx
1
π/3
(1  cos x) 2
2 2
 I = 2  t 2 dt = [t 3 ]10 = π/ 2
1+ cos x 1  cos x
0
3 3 =  5

1  cos x
dx
e2
dx
π/3
(1  cos x) 2

17. Let I =  x(1  log x) 2

π/2
sin x
1 =
(1  
cos x)3
dx
1 π /3
Put (1 + log x) = t  dx = dt Put 1 – cos x = t
x
When x = 1, t = 1 and when x = e2, t = 3  sin x dx = dt
1
dt  t 2 
1
3
dt  1 
3
1  2 3
 I =  2 =   = –   1 =  I=  3   =
1
t  t 1 3  3 1/ 2
t  2 1/ 2 2
561
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
23. Put sin2 x = t  2 sin x cos x dx = dt 1 


4
 tan 1 2k  =
16
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = , t = 1
2  1
π/ 2 1   tan 1 2k  k =
sin x cos x 1 1 4 2
 0 1+ sin 4 x dx = 2 0 1+ t 2 dt
1 1
dx dx
1
= [tan 1t]10 =
π 28. 0 x 2  x  1  0 2
1  3
2
2 8 
x   
π/4 π/ 4  2  2 
4sin2θ dθ 2sinθcosθ dθ
24. Let I = 
0
4 4
sin θ + cos θ
= 4
0
sin 4θ + cos 4θ 2  1  2 x  1  
1

π/ 4
=  tan  
2tanθsec 2 θ dθ 3  3 0
= 4
tan 4θ +1 2  1  1  1 
1 
0

Put tan2 = t  2 tan sec2  d  = dt =  tan    tan   

3  3  3 
1
dt  
 I = 4 2 = 4 [tan 1 t]10 = 4   0  =  2       2  2
0
t +1 4  =       . 
3  6  6  3 3 3 3
1 3
25. k  x f (3 x)dx   t f (t)dt ….(i) 1
dx ex
1

0 0 29. Let I = 0 e x + e x = 0 1 + e2 x dx
dt
Put 3x = t  dx = Put ex = t  exdx = dt
3
e
1 3
t dt k
3 dt
 k  xf (3 x )dx = k   f (t)  =  tf (t)dt
3 3 90
 I=  1+ t
1
2
= [tan 1t]1e = tan1 e  tan1 1
0 0

From (i),  e 1 
3 3 = tan–1  
k  e +1 
9 0
t f (t)dt   t f (t)dt
0   x  y 
k ….  tan 1 x  tan 1 y = tan 1  
 =1k=9   1+ xy  
9
1/ 2
1/ 2
dx dx

2
2/3
dx 1 3
dx
30.  =
2 2
 =  xx 2
26. 1/ 4 1/ 4 1  1
9 0  2 2   x 
2
4 + 9x
2  2
0 2
  +x
3 1
2
  1  2
  3
 1  x  2  
1 1 x = sin  
=   tan 1  1  
9 2 2  
  2   1
3 3 0 4

1 π  π
=  = = [sin 1 (2 x  1)]1/1/ 42 =
6 4 24 6
k
dx  5
x2
5
 4 
27. 0 2  8 x 2 = 16 31. 3 x 2  4 dx =  1 x 2  dx
4
3
k
1 1   x2 
5
 
2 0 1  (2 x)
2 2
dx=
16 = x +
4
2(2)
log
x  2  3

k
1  tan 1 (2 x)    15 
    = 2 + loge  
2 2  0 16 7
562
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
1
1 dt
32. Let I = 
0
[ax  b(1  x)]2
dx


1 1  t 
I =  2 b 2 =  tan 1   


1 0
a t b a  a 0
1
=  [(a  b) x  b] 2
dx
=
1
(tan–1  – tan–1 0)
0 ab
Put (a  b) x + b = t  (a  b) dx = dt 1 π  π
When x = 0, t = b and when x = 1, t = a =   0 =
ab  2  2ab
a
1 1
 I =
a  b b t2
dt  36. Put ex  1 = t2  ex dx = 2t dt
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = log 5, t = 2
a
1  1 log 5
e x e x 1 2
2t 2
= 
(a  b)  t  b   0
ex  3
dx = 0 t 2  4 dt
1 ab 
2
4 
=   = 2  1  2
(a  b)  ab   dt
0
t 4
1 2
 I =  1 t
ab = 2  t  4. tan 1 
 2 2 0
33. Put a2 + x2 = t  2xdx = dt  
When x = 0, t = a2 and when x = a, t = 2a2 = 2  2  2.  = 4  
 4
a 2a 2
xdx 1 1
  a x
2 2
=
2  t
dt 37. Put x = 2 cos  dx = – 2 sin d
2 0
0 a2 2+ x 1 + cosθ
2a 2
1 1  0 2  x d x = – 2 / 2 1  cosθ sin  d
=  t  2 = 2a 2
a
   a  2 2 2
= a( 2  1)
θ
cos  
0
34. Put 1  e x
 t  e dx  dt x
=–4   2  sin  cos  d
 / 2 sin 
1 θ 2 2
When x = 0, t = 2 and when x = 1, t = 1 +  
e 2
1 1 0

 (1 + cosθ) d
1 1
1
e 2 x e
(t  1)(dt) e
1  =2
 0 1  e x dx =  t
=    1 dt
t 
/ 2
2 2
=  2 [θ + sinθ]0π
1
=  log t  t 
1 2
e
2
π 
 1  1 = 2  +1 =  + 2
= log 1    1    log 2  2 2 
 e  e
b
 e 1 1 xa 
= log    1
38. Since,  bx
dx  (b  a)
2
 2e  e a
4
x3  
 /2
dx   4 x
dx = (4  3) =
35. Let I = 
0
a cos x + b 2sin 2 x
2 2 3
2 2
b
Dividing Nr and Dr by cos2 x, we get 
/ 2
sec 2 x
39. Since,  ( x  a)(b  x) dx = (b  a) 2
8

a
I = dx 7
a 2 + b 2 tan 2 x 
0

Put b tan x = t  b sec x dx = dt 2

 
3
( x  3)(7  x) dx =
8
(7  3) 2

π 
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = , t =  =  16  2
2 8
563
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
20. y = log(log(log x3)) Put x = tan    = tan1x
dy 1 d  2 tan  
  3
. log(log x3 )   y = sin 1  
dx log(log x ) dx  1  tan  
2

1 1 d = sin–1 (sin 2)

= . . (log x3 )
3 3
log(log x ) log x dx = 2 = 2 tan–1 x
1 1 1 dy 2
= . . .3 x 2  =
log(log x3 ) 3log x x3 dx 1 x 2
1 27. Put x = tan    = tan1x
=
x log x log(log x3 )  1  tan 2  
 y = sin1  1
 = sin (cos 2)
2 2
 1  tan  
2

21. Derivative exists if 1  x > 0 i.e., 1 > x

  
i.e., x2 < 1 i.e., | x | < 1 i.e.,  1 < x < 1 = sin1  sin   2  
 2 
d  1 1 1  
22. tan ( x )  = .
dx  1 ( x) 2 x
2 =  2 =  2 tan1 x
2 2
1 dy 2
=  =
2 x (1  x) dx 1  x2

 1  28. Put x = cos    = cos1x

23. y = cos1  3 
x   1 
 y = sec–1  
 2cos   1 
1 2
 y = sec (x3)
dy 1 3  1 
 = .3x2 = = sec–1  
 cos 2 
 
dx x 3 x 3  1 x x6  1
2

= sec–1 (sec 2)

24. Put x = sin    = sin1x = 2 = 2 cos–1 x
 sin   1  sin  
dy 2
 y = tan 1   =– ,x1
 = tan  cos   dx 1  x2
 1  sin  
2
 
1 1
= tan (tan ) =  = sin x 29. Let y = ex sin x
dy 1 Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
 
dx 1  x2 log y = x sin x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
 1  x2  1 dy
25. Let y = cos1  2   = sin x + x cos x
1 x  y dx
Put x = tan   = tan1 x dy
 = ex sin x (sin x + x cos x)
 1  tan 2   dx
 y = cos1  
 1  tan 2   30. Let y = xx
 y = cos1 (cos2) = 2 = 2 tan1 x Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
dy 2 log y = x log x
 =
dx 1 x 2 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy 1
 1  x2   = x  + log x . 1
26. Let y = cosec 1   y dx x
 2x  dy
 = xx(1 + log x)
 2x  dx
= sin 1  2 
1 x  = xx (log e + log x) = xx log (ex)
407
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
31. y = x log x 36. y = cos (x + y)
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy  dy 
 = sin (x + y) .  1  
log y = log x log x dx  dx 
= (log x)2 dy
 [1 + sin (x + y)] =  sin (x + y)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get dx
1 dy 1 dy  sin( x  y )
 = 2 log x .  
y dx x dx 1  sin( x  y )
dy 2 y 37. sin2 x + 2 cos y + xy = 0
 = log x Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx x
dy dy
dy x log x 2 sin x cos x – 2 sin y +y+x =0
 =2 . log x = 2xlog x  1 . log x dx dx
dx x
dy
 ( x  2sin y ) =  y  sin 2x
32. y = x2 + x log x dx
dy d log x dy y  sin 2 x
 = 2x + (x )  =
dx dx dx 2sin y  x
dy 2 38. ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
 = 2x + log x (xlog x) Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx x
 dy  dy dy
2 2 2 2ax + 2h  y  x  + 2by + 2g + 2f =0
 dx  dx dx
33. x3  y3  a3
dy
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  (2hx + 2by + 2f) = – (2ax + 2hy + 2g)
dx
2 23 1 2 23 1 dy dy ax  hy  g
x  y  0  =–
3 3 dx dx hx  by  f
2 31 2 31 dy
 x  y  0 39. x + y =1
3 3 dx
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
1 1 1
dy dy y
y3   x 3 dy  y 3 =–
 dx    
dx x dx x
 dy 
34. x3 + y3 – 3 axy = 0    1 1  = – 1
 dx  , 
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 4 4

dy  dy  40. x = a cos  and y = b sin 

3x2 + 3y2. – 3a  x  y = 0
dx  dx  dx dy
 =  a sin  and = b cos 
dy d d
 3(x2 – ay) + 3 (y2 – ax) = 0 dy
dx
dy d b cos   b 
dy ay  x 2  = = =    cot 
 = dx dx a sin   a 
dx y 2  ax d
35. x3 + 8xy + y3 = 64 41. Let y = 5x and z = log5 x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get dy dz 1
 = 5x log 5 and =
dx dx x log 5
 dy  dy
3x2 + 8  y  x  + 3y2 =0
 dx  dx dy
dy dx 5 x log 5
dy 3x 2  8 y   = = x.5x (log 5)2
 =– dz dz 1
dx 8x  3 y2 dx x log 5

408
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
56. Put sin x = t  cos x dx = dt tan x
t
cot x
dt
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = , t = 1
 59.  1 1  t2
dt  
1 t(1  t 2 )
2 e e
π/2 1 tan x cot x
cos x dt 1 2t 1 t 
 0 (1 + sin x)(2 + sin x) dx = 0 (1  t)(2  t) =
2  1  t2
dt    t  1  t 2  dt

1 1
1 e e
 1 1 
=    dt cot x
1+ t 2 + t  1 tan x  1 
0 = log(1  t 2 )   log t  log(1  t 2 ) 
2 1/e
 2 1/e
= [log(1+ t)  log(2 + t)]10
2 1 4 1  1 
= log   – log   = log   = log(sec2 x)  log 1  2    log(cot x)
3 2 3 2  e 

Put 1 + tanx = t  sec2 xdx = dt 1 1  1 

57.  log    log(cosec x)  log 1  2  
2

 e 2  e 
When x = 0, t = 1 and when x = ,t=2
4 1
/ 4
=  log    log e  1
sec x2
e
  (1 + tan x)(2 + tan x) dx
0 4 2 4
2
dt
2
dt dt
2 60.  f( x) dx =  (4 x + 3) dx +  (3x + 5) dx
=  t(1 + t)
1
= 
1
t
– 
1
1+ t
1 1 2
4
2  3x 2 
= [log t  log(1+ t)]12 =  2 x 2  3x  +   5 x  = 37
 2
1
2
4
= loge 2 – loge3 + loge2 = loge  
3 2 0 2

/ 4
61.  | x |dx =    x  dx +  x dx
sec x 1 1 0
58. Let I =  1 + 2sin
0
2
x
dx
x   x2 
2 0 2

= –  +  
 2  1  2  0
/ 4
cos x
=  cos x(1+ 2sin
0
2 2
x)
dx
 1
 /4
= –0   + 2
cos x  2
=  (1  sin x)(1+ 2sin x) dx
2 2
1 5
0 =2+ =
Put sin x = t  cos x dx = dt 2 2
3 2 3
1/ 2
1
 I=  dt 62.  | 2  x | dx =  (2  x)dx +  (2  x)dx
0
(1  t 2 )(1  2t 2 ) 0 0 2
2 3
1 1/ 2  1 2   x2   x2 
= 2 x   – 2 x  
=   2

3 0  1  t 1  2t 2 
dt
 2 0  2 2
1
 9 
1 1 1 t  2  2 = (4 – 2) – 6   (4  2) 
=  log  
3  2.1  1  t  2
tan 1  
2t 
0
 2 
 9 5
1 1  2 1  = 2 –    =
=  log 
1
  2 tan 1  2 2
3  2  2 1   4 2 4

=
1 1 
 2 log( 2  1)  2. 4 
2 63.  | x + 2 | dx =   ( x + 2) dx +  ( x  2) dx
3   4 4 2
2 4
1      x2   x2 
=
3 log( 2  1)   =   2 x  +   2 x  = 20
 2 2  2  4 2  2

566
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
64. Since, sin x is positive in the interval (0, )  
2 2
and negative in the interval (, 2).
2π π 2π
=  log sin x dx  log sin x dx
 | sin x |dx =  sin x  sin x) dx
0 0
 dx +
π  a a

 
0 0
….  f ( x)dx  f (a  x)dx 
=  cos x 0 +  cos x π
π 2π
 0 0 
= 1 + 1+ 1 + 1 = 4 =0
2  2

65.   sin x  sin x  dx =  2sin x dx   0.dx 2a

f( x)
0 0  70. Let I =  f( x) + f(2a  x) dx .....(i)

= 2[ cos x]  0
0
0 2a
= 2(cos   cos 0) f(2a  x)
 I=  f(2a  x) + f( x) dx .....(ii)
= 2( 1  1)  4 0

π
1 + cos 2 x
π Adding (i) and (ii), we get
66.  2
dx =  | cos x |dx 2a
0
π/2
0
π
2I =  dx = 2a
0
= 
0
cos x dx  
π/2
cos x dx I=a
= [sin x]0π/2 – [sin x]ππ/2 π/2
1000sin x
 π   π
71. Let I =  1000sin x +1000cos x
dx ....(i)
= sin  sin 0  – sin π  sin  = 1 + 1 = 2 0

 2   2
π/ 2
π 
sin   x 
2 
2 1 2 1000
 I=  dx
 x [ x]dx =  x [ x]dx   x [ x]dx
2 2 2
67. π 
sin   x 
π 
cos   x 
0 2  2 
0 0 1 1000 +1000
1 2
 a a

x (0)dx   x 2 (1)dx
2
=
0 1
 0

....  f ( x)dx  f (a  x)dx 
0 

2
 x3  7 π/2
= 0   1000cos x
 3 1 3
 I= 
0
1000cos x +1000sin x
dx ....(ii)
π/2
cos x  sin x Adding (i) and (ii), we get
68. Let I =  1+ sin x cos x dx ....(i)
π/2
0 π π
    2I=  1dx = [ x] 0π/2 = I=
π/2 cos   x   sin   x  0
2 4
2  2  dx
 I=        
0 1  sin   x  cos   x  2 2
2  2  ex
 a a

72. Let I    
 x
2
dx ….(i)
....    f ( x )dx   f (a  x) dx  0 x2
e e 2 
 0 0  2
  
π/2
sin x  cos x 2  x
 I=  dx ....(ii) e 2 

0
1 + cos x sin x  I   
 x
2
dx ….(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 0 x2
e 2 
e
2I = 0  I = 0
 a a

 
 
2 2
….   f ( x )dx  f (a  x)dx 
 sin x   0 
69. 
0
log tan x dx  log 
0  cos x 
 dx
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
0

  
2 2 2
 

= logsin x dx  log cos x dx
0

0

2I  dx  [ x]0 /2 =
0
2
I
4

567
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
3 π/ 2
 4 + 3 sin x 
 log  4 + 3 cos x  dx
π/ 2
sin x dx 2 76. Let I =
73. Let I =  3 3
….(i) 0
cos 2 x + sin 2 x
0
π/2
 4 + 3 cos x 
3
 
=  log  4 + 3 sin x  dx
π/ 2 sin 2   x  0

=  2  dx  a a

3
 
3
  ….   f( x)dx =  f  a  x  dx 
0
cos 2   x   sin 2   x   0 0 
2  2 
π/ 2
3  4 + 3 sin x 
π/ 2
cos 2 x dx  I=–  log  4 + 3 cos x  dx = – I
=  3 3
....(ii) 0

sin x + cos x
0 2 2  2I = 0  I = 0
Adding (i) and (ii), we get

π/ 2
  2
2I =  dx = [ x]0π/2 = I= d
0
2 4 77. Let I   1  tan 
0
….(i)
Alternate Method:

π/ 2
sin n x 
0 sin n x + cosn x dx = 4
2
d
 
0 1  tan
 
   
2
2 
dx
74. Let I   1  tan 3  a a


0
x
 0
 0

….  f ( x)dx  f (a  x)dx 

2
cos3 x


= dx ....(i) 2
sin 3
x  cos 3
x d
0

 I  1  cot 
0
….(ii)
2
sin 3 x
 I  
0
cos3 x  sin 3 x
dx ....(ii) Adding (i) and (ii), we get

2
 a   1 1 

a
2I     d
 0 0

....  f ( x)dx  f (a  x)dx 

 0
1  tan  1  cot  

Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2
1 tan  
   d

= 
2
0
1  tan  tan   1 

2I  dx = [ x]0/2
0

2
 
 2I =
2
I
4

= d  []0 / 2
0

  
  

2
75. Let I  ecos x cos5 3 x dx 2 4
0
 π


2 (  x )
= ecos cos5 3(  x)dx 78. Let I =  x sin3xdx …..(i)
0 0

 a a
 π

 0
 0

….  f ( x)dx  f (a  x)dx 

=  (π  x) sin3 x dx
0
…..(ii)


 a a


2
 I   ecos x cos5 3 xdx   I ....   f ( x) dx   f (a  x) dx 
0  0 0 
 2I  0  I  0 Adding (i) and (ii), we get
568
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
f ( x)  f (0) 10. f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
8. f (0) = lim
x  0 x0  f(1) = lim f ( x )
x 1
f (0  h)  f (0) a+b=b+a+c
= lim
h 0 h c=0
 1  Also, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
h 2 sin  0  Lf  (1) = Rf (1)
 h 
= lim d  d 
h 0 h   (ax 2  b)  =  (bx 2  ax  c) 
=0  dx  x 1  dx  x 1
f ( x)  f (0)  [2ax]x 1 =[2bx + a]x 1
f (0+) = lim
x  0 x0  2a = 2b + a
f (0  h)  f (0)  a = 2b
= lim f ( x)  f (0)
h 0 h 11. f (0) = lim
1 x 0 x0
h 2 sin  0
h 1
= lim x p cos  0
h 0 h = lim x
=0 x 0 x
 1
 f (0 ) = f (0+) = lim x p 1 cos  0, if p  1 > 0
 f(x) is derivable at x = 0. x 0 x
i.e., if p > 1
f ( x)  f (0)  f(x) will be differentiable at x = 0, if p > 1
9. f (0) = lim
x  0 x0
e  x , x  0
x  0 12. f(x) =  x
= lim e , x0
x 0 x
Clearly, f(x) is continuous and differentiable
= 1
for all non-zero x.
f ( x)  f (0) Now, lim f(x) = lim ex = 1
f (0+) = lim
x0 x  0
 x 0
x 0

x 0
2 and lim f (x) = lim ex = 1
= lim x  0
x 0
x 0 x
Also at x = 0, f(0) = e0 = 1
=0 So, f(x) is continuous for all values of x.
 f (0) ≠ f (0+) f (0  h)  f (0) eh  1
f ( x)  f (1) Lf (0) = lim = lim =1
f (1) = lim h  0 h h 0 h
x 1 x 1 f (0  h)  f (0) e h  1
Rf (0) = lim = lim = 1
x 1
2
h  0 h h 0 h
= lim
x 1 x  1
 So, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
=2  f(x) is continuous every where but not
differentiable at x = 0.
f ( x)  f (1)
f (1+) = lim    1x  1x 
x 1 x 1  x e  
x , x 0
x  x 1  1
3
13. f(x) = 
= lim xe 2/ x
, x0
x 1 x 1 
 0 , x0
x( x 1)
2
= lim lim f ( x)  lim x  0
x 1 x 1 x  0 x 0

=2 lim f ( x)  lim xe2/ x  0 and f(0) = 0

x  0 x 0
 f (1) = f (1+)
 lim f ( x )  lim f( x ) = f(0)
 f(x) is differentiable at x = 1. x  0 x  0

411
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 1 

 tan x dx +  tan ( x  1) dx
1 1
= 3

0 0 2I  dx 

1 1
=  tan 1 x dx +  tan 1 (1  x  1) dx 6

1  
0 0
 I   
 a a
 2  3 6  12
….   f ( x)dx   f (a  x)dx 
 0 0  b

1 1
85. Let I =  xf( x) dx
 tan  tan
1 1 a
= x dx – xdx = 0 b
0 0
=  (a + b  x)f(a + b  x) dx
 a
x tan x

b b
83. Let I  dx ….(i)
sec x  tan x  I =  (a  b)f ( x)dx   xf ( x) dx
0
a a

….  f (a  b  x)  f ( x)(given) 

(  x) tan x
 I=  sec x  tan x dx
0
….(ii)
b
ab b

 a a

 2I = (a  b)  f ( x) dx  I =
2  f ( x ) dx
 
a a
....  f ( x)dx  f (a  x)dx 
 0 0  1.5 1.5
Adding (i) and (ii), we get

86. Let I   xf ( x) dx   (2  x)f (2  x) dx
tan x 0.5 0.5
2I    sec x  tan x
dx  b b


0

 a

….  f ( x)dx  f (a  b  x)dx 


 sin x a
 I= 
2 0 1  sin x
dx 1.5

  (2  x)f ( x)dx
 dx 
  0.5

=  1dx 
2  0 0
  
1  sin x 
….  f ( x )  f (2  x ) (given) 
1.5
On solving, we get  
I  2 f ( x ) dx  I
   0.5
I     2      1 1.5 1.5
2 2   2I = 2 f ( x)dx  I  
0.5
 f ( x)dx
0.5

3
dx 2a a 2a
84. Let I  1
 cot x
87.  f ( x ) dx =  f ( x ) dx +  f ( x ) dx
0 0 a
6
2a

 f ( x ) dx

3
Let I1 =
sin x

a
= dx ….(i)
 sin x  cos x Put x = 2a  t  dx =  dt
0
6

 I1 =   f (2a  t) dt
3 a
cos x

a a
 I dx ….(ii) =  f (2a  t) dt =  f (2a  x ) dx
 cos x  sin x
0 0
6
2a a a

 b b
   f ( x ) dx =  f ( x ) dx +  f (2a  x) dx
 a
 a

….  f ( x)dx  f (a  b  x)dx 

0 0
a
0

= 2  f ( x ) dx, if f(2a  x) = f(x)

Adding (i) and (ii), we get 0

570
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
 / 2 
x
Let I =  sin x dx = 2  a
2
88. sin 2 x dx 92. Let I  dx ….(i)
0 0 0
2
cos x  b 2 sin 2 x
2

 2a a
 
….   f( x) dx  2 f( x) dx, if f (2a  x)  f ( x)   x
 0 0 
 I a
0
2
cos x  b 2 sin 2 x
2
dx ….(ii)
1 
 I=2   a a

 
2 2 ….  f ( x)dx  f (a  x)dx 
  0 
= 0
2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
 
dx
a
 2
2I  
89.  | cos x |dx = 2 | cos x |dx
0 0
0
2
cos x  b 2 sin 2 x
2


 2a   dx

a
 I =

....  0
f ( x )dx  2
0

f ( x)dx,  

2 0 a cos x  b 2 sin 2 x
2 2


 if f (2a  x)  f ( x) 
  
2
dx
 /2
= 2[sin x]0  2
 2. 
2 0 a 2 cos 2 x  b 2 sin 2 x
2π 
 2a a

90.  cos x dx = 2  cos x dx
99 99

0 0  0

 f ( x)dx  2 f ( x)dx, 
….  0 
 2a a
  if f (2a  x)  f ( x) 
....   f ( x )dx  2 f ( x )dx, if f (2a  x)  f ( x)   
 0 0  
 2
sec2 x
Let I1 =  cos99 x dx
0
=  
0
a 2  b 2 tan 2 x
dx

 I1 =   cos99 x dx Put b tan x  t  b sec 2 xdx  dt
 
I =  dt  1 t
0
  . tan 1 
  b 0 a 2  t 2 b a 
a a
....   f ( x) dx   f (a  x) dx  a0
 
0 0
   
2

 I1 =  I1  2I1 = 0  I1 = 0 =   0  
2π ab  2  2ab
  cos x dx = 2(0) = 0
99

0 1 0 1

2

93. 
1

f ( x)dx  f ( x)dx  f ( x)dx
1

0
  2

 log sin x dx   2log sin xdx = 2  logsin xdx

2 st
91. In 1 integral, put x = t  dx = dt
0 0 0 0 0

2
  f ( x)dx =  f ( t)dt 

1 1
= 2 [log sin x  log sin(  x)]dx
1


0
= f ( t)dt
 2a a

….   f ( x)dx   f ( x)  f (2a  x) dx 

0

  1

 f ( x)dx
0 0

=
2 0


= 4 logsin x dx 1 1 1

0   f ( x)dx =  f ( x)dx +  f ( x)dx

   1 1 0 0
= 4    log 2  = 2 log e 2  2 log e   = 0, if f(x) = f(x)
 2  2
571
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

94. Since,
a

 f ( x)dx  0, if f ( x) = f(x) 101. Let f(x) = e x  e x  3 3

e  e x x

 e  e 
a 3 3
1  f(x) = e x  e x x x

  f ( x)dx  0
1 =   e  e   e  e  = f(x)
x3  x3 x x

0 1


 f ( x)dx  f ( x)dx  0  f(x) is an odd function.

 e e  e
1
1 x3
 dx  0
0 3
0
  e x x x


1
 f ( x)dx  5
1
 1+ x 
0 102. Let f(x) = log  
1 x 

 f (t)dt  5
1
1 1 x   1+ x 
 f(–x) = log   = log   = –f(x)
95. Let f(x) = x | x | 1– x  1 x 
 f(–x) =  x |  x | =  x | x | = –f(x)  f(x) is an odd function.
1
 f(x) is an odd function. 1+ x 
1
 1 log  1  x  dx = 0
  x | x |dx = 0
1
1 x 
103. Let f(x) = cos x log  
96. Since, |sin x| is an even function. 1 x 
 
1
2 2
1 x 
I = 2 | sin x | dx = 2  sin x dx = 2   cos x 0
/ 2
  f(x) = cos x log  
0 0 1 x 
= 2( 0 + 1) = 2 1 x 
= cos x log   =  f(x)
1 1 x 
97. Since, is an odd function.
x + x3  f(x) is an odd function.
a 1
dx
  =0 2
1 x 
a x + x3   cos x log  1  x  dx  0
98. Let f(x) = sin x f(cos x) 
1
2
 f(– x) = – sin x f(cos x) = f (x)
 f(x) is an odd function. 104. Let f() = log (sec   tan )
a  f() = log (sec  + tan )
  f ( x ) dx = 0  1 
a = log  
 sec   tan  
sin x 2
99. Let f(x) = e cos x = log (sec  tan ) = f()
1  cos x2
 f() is an odd function.
sin x 2 
 f(x) =  e  cos x = f(x) 4
1  cos x
2

 f(x) is an odd function.

  log(sec   tan )d

=0
/ 2 
4
  f ( x ) dx = 0
 / 2
105. Let f(x) = log  1  x2  x 
100. Let f(x) = 1 + x + x – 1  x + x
 
2 2
 f (  x )  log 1  x2  x
 f(– x) = 1  x + x – 1 + x + x = – f(x)
2 2


 x .
 1  x2  x 

f(x) is an odd function.
= log 1 x 2

  x
1
  f ( x ) dx = 0
1
1  x2

572
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

d   1 1    x 
29. d
 sec2 x  cosec2 x    2
 2 
 1  cos x   2sin 2   
dx dx   cos x sin x   2 
33. log   =  log
 1  cos x    x 
d  1  d  4   2cos 2   
  2 2      2 
dx  cos x sin x  dx  sin 2 2 x 
= log  tan 
x
d d
=  2cosec 2 x   2cosec 2 x cot 2 x.  2 x   2
dx dx
dy 1 d  x
 4cosec 2 x cot 2 x  =   tan 
dx x
tan dx  2
3
2
30. 
y = x cot x 3
 2
=
1 x 1
.sec 2 .
x 2 2
1 tan
dy 3  d
  x cot 3 x  2 . ( x cot 3 x) 2
dx 2 dx 1
=
3 1
 d  x x
  x cot 3 x  2  cot 3 x.1  x.3cot 2 x. (cot x)  2sin cos
2  dx  2 2
1 1
=
=
3
2
 
x cot 3 x 2 [cot3 x+3x cot2 x(–cosec2 x)] sin x
= cosec x
1
=
3
2
 
x cot 3 x 2 (cot3 x – 3x cot2 x cosec2 x)   3

  x  x  2  4

34. Let y = log e   
 x2  
1 tan x      
31. y= = tan   x 
1 tan x 4  3
 x  2 4
x
 y = log e + log  
dy 1 d  π   x2 
 =   tan   x  
dx   dx   4 
2 tan   x  3
4   y=x+ [log(x  2)  log(x + 2)]
4
1 1 tan x   dy 3 1 1 
= . sec2   x   =1+   
2 1 tan x 4  dx 4 x 2 x  2
3 x 2 1
=1+ =
  x 
32. y = log  tan     x2  4 x2  4
4 2
 
1
dy 1 d    x  35. f(x) =
 = .  tan     x  a  x2  b2
2 2
dx   x  dx   4 2  
tan   
 4 2 1 x2  a 2  x2  b2
= 
1 π x 1 x2  a 2  x2  b2 x2  a 2  x2  b2
= . sec2  +  .
 x  4 2 2 1  2 2
tan    = 2 
x  a  x2  b2 
4 2 a b
2 
1 1 1  1 1 
= =   2x   2x
 x  x   f ( x) = 2 
2sin    cos    sin   x  a  b  2 x2  a 2
2
2 x 2  b2 
4 2 4 2 2 
1 x  1 1 
= = sec x = 2 
 
cos x a  b  x2  a 2
2
x2  b2 
414
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 / 2
dx cos  d
112.  x
0 1 x 2
=  sin   cos 
0
Competitive Thinking
….[Put x = sin  dx = cos d] 1
2 3 
1
2
=
 1. 
0
x dx   x 2  
 3 0 3
4
 
113. Since, 1  x 2  x,for all x  (1,2) 2
sin x  cos x 2
sin x  cos x
1 1
2. 0 1  sin 2 x dx =  (sin x  cos x) 2
dx
  , for all x  (1, 2) 0

1 x 2 x 
2
dx
2
dx
2

=  dx =
 
1  x2
1

1
x 0
2
 I1  I 2  
2 2
1

2
sin x cos x
3.  log sec x dx =  log cos x dx
 cos
0 0
114. Let I = dx
0
x  3cos x  2
2 
2
Put cos x = t   sin x dx = dt =   log cos x dx
 0
When x = 0, t = 1 and when x = , t = 0  1
2 =  log
0
t 2 2
 I =  2 dt 
1
t  3t  2 = log 2
2
1
t  b a

= 0 (t  2) (t  1) dt ....   f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx  1
1 x 
1 1
 a 
0 tan  1  x  dx =  tan 1 dx   tan 1 x dx
1 1
b 4.
1
 2 1  0 0
=    dt =  tan 1  x 0  p
1 1

0
t  2 t 1 
=  2log (t  2)  log (t 1) 0
1 
= p
4
= 2 log 3  log 2  2 log 2
/ 4
9 dx
= 2 log 3  3 log 2 = log 9  log 8 = log  
8
5. 
 / 4
1  cos 2 x
2 / 4 / 4
115. Put x + 1 = t  dx = 2t dt dx 1
When x = 3, t = 2 and when x = 8, t = 3
= 
 / 4
2

2cos x 2 
 / 4
sec 2 x dx
8 3
2  3x 2  3(t 2  1) 1 1
 3 x 1  x dx  2 2 t 2  1 dt =  tan x  / 4 =
/ 4
[1  (1)]
2 2
3
 2  =1
= 2  2  3  dt
2
t  1  
2
cos 2 x
 cos x  sin x dx
3
 1  t 1  6.
= 2 2  log    3t 
 2 1  t  1 
0
2 

 1 1  2
cos 2 x  sin 2 x
= 2  log  log  3 
 2 3 
= 0 cos x  sin x dx
 3   3  
= 2  log  3log e  = 2  log  log e3  2
 2   2  =  (cos x  sin x) dx
 3  0
= 2log  3  = sin x  cos x 0 = 0
/ 2
 2e 
574
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
 
2
(n  1)(n  3)....1  4

 cos  , if n is even.  sin( x  [ x])d( x  [ x])

n
7. x dx = 12.
0
n(n  2)....2 2 0
 
2
(6  1)(6  3)(6  5)  4
  cos
6
x dx =  =  sin( x  0) d( x  0)
0
6(6  2)(6  4) 2 0

5 
= 4
32 =  sin x dx
0
0
dx  1
8. Let I =  2 =   cos x 0   cos
/ 4
 cos 0  1 
1
x  2x  2 4 2
0
dx
x
x
= 1
 t dt  log t 
x
1
2
 2x  1  1 13. L(x) = 1
 log x  log1 = log x
1
0
dx
=   x  1
1
2
1
 L(xy) = log(xy) = log x + log y = L(x) + L(y)
b
14. Given,  f ( x)  3x dx  a  b2
2
 x  1 1
0
=  tan 1
a

 b b
=   f ( x ) dx  3  x dx  a 2  b 2
4 a a
b
3
  f ( x) dx  (b 2  a 2 )  a 2  b 2
2
2
x 2  x 
 2  x dx =  2  x 2  sin 1 
2
9.  a
2
0 2 2  2 0 b
1 2 2
= sin–1 1   f ( x ) dx = (b  a )
2
 a

=  b
1 
2  f(x) = x ....   x dx  (b 2  a 2 ) 
 a 2 
1 1
dx ex  
10. Let I =  x   dx  f  
0
e  e x 0 e x 2
1 6 6
Put ex = t  ex dx = dt 1

 x(1  x)
n
dt
e 15. I= dx
 I =  0
1
1  t2 1
   x(1  x)
n
=  tan t  1 e –I = dx
1 0

 1
= tan–1 e –
 (1  x )(1  x)
n
= dx
4
0

2 1 1
1
 ax  1 
1
3a
 (1  x) dx –  (1  x) dx
n +1 n
=
3a     ax  1
2
11.  dx = dx
0
a 1  (a  1) 2 0
0 0
1 1
1  (1  x)   (1  x) n +1 
n +2

3a  ax  1 
3
=   –  
 0  (n + 2)  0  (n +1)  0
=
3a(a  1) 2
1 1
1  I = –
=  a  13  1 n + 2 n +1
 a  1  
2
1 1
 I= –
= (a  1) + (a  1)2 n +1 n + 2
575
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 5
1 1
4 4
19. Put = t  – 2 dx = dt
16.  (cos x  sin x)dx   (sin x  cos x) dx

x x
0
1 2 
4
When x = , t =  and when x = , t =
   2
4
  (cos x  sin x )dx 1
2/ π sin   π/ 2
2  x  dx = – sint dt = [cos t]π/2
= sin x + cos x 0   cos x + sin x  / 4
 /4 5/ 4
  x2
1/ π
π π

+ [sin x  cos x]2/ 4 = 0  (1) = 1


 1 1   1 1  1 1 
=  1       
4
tan x
 2 2   2 2  2 2  20. Let I =  dx
0
sin x cos x
 1 1 
   1 
 2 2  4
tan x
=   
2 1   2  2    2 1 
=  sin x cos x
0 tan x
dx


= 4 2 2 4
sec 2 x
= 
0 tan x
dx

d esin x Put tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt

17. f  x 
dx x 
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = ,t=1
esin x 4
 f (x) =  dx 1
x dt 1
 I=  =  2 t   2
4
3esin x
3
0 t  0

Let I = 1 x dx 
4
sin x3
 (tan   tan 6 ) d
8
4
3x 2 e 21. I8 + I6 =
= dx 0
1
x3 

Put x3 = t  3x2 dx = dt 4

64
=  tan 6  sec 2  d
esin t
I = 
0
 dt
1
t Put tan  = t  sec2  d = dt

=  f  t  1
64
When  = 0, t = 0 and when  = ,t=1
4
= f (64) – f (1) 1
 t7 
1
 k = 64  I8 + I6 =  t dt =   = 1 6

0  7 0 7
3
sin 2 x
18. Let I =  dx 2
x
 fg( x)
1
1 22. Let I = f [g( x)]g( x)dx
dt 1
Put 2x = t  2dx = dt  dx = Put f [g(x)] = z  f [g(x)]g(x)dx = dz
2
6 When x = 1, z = f[g(1)]
sin t dt
 I = 
2
t 2
and when x = 2, z = f[g(2)]
f [g(2)]
1
 dz   log z f [g(1)]
f [g(2)]
2  I =
6 z
sin t f [g(1)]

 dt =  F(t) 2
6
=
2
t = log f[g(2)]  log f[g(1)]
= F(6)  F(2) =0 ….[ g(1) = g(2) (given)]

576
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

d  1    x    54. Put x = tan    = tan1x

=  tan  tan     
dx    4 2    1  tan  
 y = tan 1  
 1  tan  
d  x 1
=    =    
dx  4 2  2 = tan1  tan       + 
 4  4

 1 1  cos x  
d = + tan–1 x
51.  tan  4
dx  1  cos x 
dy 1
 =
 x dx 1 x 2
2cos 2 
d  1 2
  tan
dx  2 x   2  1  2 x 
 2sin  55. Let y = tan 1  1   tan  
 2   x x  1  x2 
Put x = tan    = tan1x
d  1  x 
=  tan  cot    2 tan  
dx   2   y  tan 1  
 1  tan 2  
d  1    x  = tan1(tan 2) = 2 = 2tan1 x
=  tan  tan     
dx    2 2  dy 2
 =
d  x dx 1  x2
=   
dx  2 2 
 x  x 1  –1  x  1 
2
56. Let y = cos1  1 
= cos  2 
1 xx   x 1
=
2 Put x = cot   = cot 1 x
 cot 2   1  1  1  tan  
2
 1 sin x  1 sin x   y = cos 1  2   cos  
52. y = cot1    cot   1   1  tan 2  
 1  sin x  1 sin x  = cos1 (cos 2) = 2 = 2 cot1 x
By rationalizing the denominator, we get dy 2
 =
 2  2cos x  dx 1  x 2
y = cot1  
 2sin x   x 
57. Let y = tan1  
 a x 
2 2
1 cos x 
= cot1  
 sin x   x
Put x = a sin    = sin1  
a
 x x
= cot1 cot  =  
a sin 
 2 2  y = tan1  

 a  a sin  
2 2 2

dy 1
 =  a sin  
dx 2 = tan1  1
 = tan (tan ) = 
 a cos  
5 4  x
53. Put cos  = , sin  = = sin1  
41 41 a
 –1
y = sin [sin (x + )] = x +  dy 1 1 1
   
dx a x
2
a  x2
2
dy 1  
 =1
dx a
417
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
π
x
2
1 34. Put tan =t
31. Let I =  a  sin x  b 2  cos 2 x
2 2
dx 2
0 2dt 1  t2
π  dx = and cos x =
2
1 1  t2 1  t2
=  cos x  a tan 2 x  b 2 
2 2
dx 
dx

2dt
0  0 5  4cos x = 9t
0
2
π
2
sec 2 x 2  t 

=  b 2  a 2 tan 2 x
dx =  tan 1   
0 3  3 0
Put a tan x = t  a sec2 x dx = dt
2

1

I=  2 2
dt =
3
 tan 1   0
a 0 b t 2  
 = . =
1   t  π 3 2 3
=  tan 1    =
ab   b   0 2ab 
2
cos x
1/ 2
dx 35.  1  cos x  sin x dx
32. Let I = 
1  x 
0
0
2
1  x2 

Put x = sin   dx = cos  d

2
cos 2 ( x /2)  sin 2 ( x /2)
 /6
cos  d
= 0 2cos2 ( x /2)  2sin( x /2)cos( x /2) dx
 I= 
0 1  sin   cos 
2 

1 2 1  tan 2 ( x /2)
 /6
sec 2  =  dx
2 0 1  tan( x /2)
= 
0
sec 2   tan 2 
d

 /6
sec  2 1 2  x 
=  1  tan    dx
=  1  2 tan
0
2

d
20  2 
/ 6 
sec 2 
=  d 1  x  2
=  x  2log cos   
 
2
0 1 2 tan  2  2  0
 /6
1 2 sec 2   1  1
=  d =  log =  log 2
 2 tan 
2
2 0 1 4 2 4 2

1
 2 tan 
 /6 1 1
 tan 1 dx dx
=
2  0
36. 0 x 2 + 2 x cos  +1 =  ( x + cos)
0
2
+1  cos 2 
1 2 1
dx
tan–1
=
2 3
=  ( x + cos )
0
2
+ sin 2 
1
x  1  x + cos   
33. Put tan t =  tan 1  
2  sin   sin    0
2dt 1  t2
 dx = and cos x  1  1   
1  t2 1  t2 =  tan  cot   tan 1  cot   
 sin    2 
1
2
dx
1
2dt  2 1  t  1  1      1    
 0 2  cos x = 0 3  t 2 =  3 tan  
3 0
=  tan  tan      tan  tan      
sin     2 2   2  
2  1  
= tan–1   = (sin )–1
3  3 2
578
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
π/ 4 5

37. Let I =  tan x + cot x dx  2 6

log 3 7
40. sec(x) dx
0
π/4
sin x + cos x 6
=  dx
 1 2
sin x cos x   log| sec  x  tan  x |7/6
5/6
0 =
π/4
sin x + cos x log 3 
= 2  1  (sin x  cos x ) 2
dx
  5 5
log sec  tan
0
= 
Put sin x – cos x = t  (cos x + sin x) dx = dt log 3  6 6
0
dt 7 7 
 I= 2   log sec  tan
1 1  t
2 6 6 
= 2 [sin 1t]01    2 1   2 1 
=  log     log   
  π   log 3   3 3  3 3 
= 2 0    =
  2  2    1  
= log 3  log    (log 3)  
a log 3   3  log 3
ex
38. 
log 2 ex  1
dx  2
41. Put x = cos   dx =  sin  d
x x
Put e – 1 = t  e dx = dt 1
 1 x 
 sin  2 tan
1
  dx
ea  1
dt  1  x 

0
 2
1 t 0
 1  cos  
=   sin  2 tan 1  . sin  d
ea 1  1  cos  
  2 t   2  
1 2
0
 e 1 – 1 = 1
a
   
=   sin  2 tan 1  cot   . sin  d
  2 
 e a 1 = 2 
2

 ea – 1 = 4 0
      
 ea = 5 =   sin  2 tan 1  tan     . sin  d
    2 2  
 a = log 5 2
0
x
du      
=   sin  2     . sin  d
39. 
log 2
(e  1) u
1/ 2

6    2 2 
2
x
eu 
  u u
0
du = =   sin (  ) . sin  d
log 2 e (e  1)
1/ 2
6

Put eu  1 = t2  eu du = 2t dt 2

When u = log 2, t = 1 0
=   sin .sin  d
and when u = x, t = e x  1 
2
e x 1
2 

0
 dt   1  cos 2 
1  t2 6 =    d
1
 2 
 e x 1 2
 2  tan 1 t  
61
1  sin 2 
0

=   

 tan1 e x  1  =
4 12
 2 2  
2

 
 e x  1  tan  e x  1  3  ex = 4 =
3 4

579
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 
 1  1 1
4  4 =    0    x  tan 1 x 
42.  x sec
2
x dx   x tan x    tan x dx 4
0 4 2  2 0

0 0
  1  
   = 
(1  0)   4  0  
=   0    log sec x  04  8 2  
4 
 1   1
  =   = 
=  log sec  log sec 0 8 2 8 4 2
4 4
 1/ 2
sin 1 x
=  log 2  log1
4
46. Let I =  3
dx
0
(1  x )2 2

=  log 2 1
4 Put sin–1 x = t  dx = dt
 1 x 2
2
1 
43. 
Let I = e x sin x dx
0
When x = 0, t = 0 and when x =
2
,t=
4

π/ 4
 1
  t.sec
2
2 I= tdt = – log2
/ 2
4 2
= sin x.e   cos x.e dx 
x x
0
0
0
1

2
47. Put t = sin–1 x  dt = dx
/ 2  /2 1 x 2
 I = e x sin x   cos x.e x   sin x.e x dx
0 0  1/ 2
xsin 1 x
π/6
   t sin t dt
0
dx =
/ 2
  2I = e  sin x  cos x  
x 0 1  x2 0
0
π
/ 2
  2I = e  1 = [  t cos t + sin t]06
e  /2  1 π 3 1 1 3π
I= =  . + = 
2 6 2 2 2 12
b
1 3 / 4
44. Let I =  x log x dx 48. Let I = 
x
dx
a
/ 4
1  sin x
b
1
 I =  log x log x a
b 3 / 4
  log xdx x sec x
a
x = 
 /4
sec x + tan x
dx
 2I = [(log x)2 ]ab
sec x
1
 I = [(log b) 2  (log a) 2 ]
Let I1 =  sec x + tan x dx
2
1
=
1
[(log b + log a)(log b – log a)] Put  t
2 sec x + tan x
1 b
= log(ab)log   
 sec x tan x + sec x  dx = dt 2

2 a  sec x + tan x 

2

1
 sec x  sec x  tan x 
 x tan
1
45. Let I =
0
x dx  I1 = –   sec x + tan x 2 dx
1 1
1 x2 =   dt
= tan1 x  x dx  0 1  x 2 2 dx

0
= –t+c
1
x  1
2 1
1  x2  1 1
=  tan 1 x  
2 0 2
0 1  x 2 dx =
sec x  tan x
 c

580
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

e x log x dy
72. y  (x – y – x – y) + (x – y + x + y) =0
x2 dx
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy
 2x = 2y
log y = x + log (log x)  2 log x dx
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get dy y
1 dy 1 2  =
 1  dx x
y dx x log x x
77. cos(x + y) = y sin x
dy e x log x  x log x  1  2log x 
    Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dx x2  x log x 
 dy  dy
e [( x  2) log x  1]
x  sin( x  y ).1    y cos x  sin x.
=  dx  dx
x3
dy y cos x  sin( x  y )
73. Let y = (sin x)log x  
dx sin( x  y )  sin x
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
log y = log x log (sin x) 78. sin (x + y) + cos (x + y) = 1
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy 1 1
.  log x. .cos x  log(sin x).  dy   dy 
y dx sin x x cos (x + y). 1   sin (x + y). 1  = 0
 dx   dx 
dy 1  dy
 = (sin x)log x  log sin x  cot x log x   [cos (x + y)  sin (x + y)]
dx x  dx
74. y = (tan x)sin x =  cos (x+ y) + sin (x + y)
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy sin  x  y   cos( x  y )
log y = sin x log (tan x)  =
dx cos( x  y )  sin( x  y )
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy 1 dy
 = sin x. .sec2x + log (tan x).cos x  = 1
y dx tan x dx
1 dy cos x 1 79. sin(x + y) = log(x + y)
  = sin x. . + cosx log(tan x)
y dx sin x cos 2 x Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
dy  dy  1  dy 
 = (tan x)sinx [sec x + cos x log (tan x)] cos (x + y) 1    1  
dx  dx  x  y  dx 
75. x2ey + 2xyex + 13 = 0 dy 1 dy 1
 cos (x + y)     cos( x  y )
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get dx x  y dx x  y
dy  dy  dy  1  1
2xey + x2ey  2  xye x  xe x  ye x  = 0   cos( x  y )  =  cos( x  y )
dx  dx  dx  x  y  x+ y
dy 2 xe y  2 y ( xe x  e x ) dy
   = 1
dx x( xe y  2e x ) dx
dy 2 xe y  x  2 y ( x  1)
 =  80. 3sin(xy) + 4cos(xy) = 5
dx x( xe y  x  2) Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 x y x y  dy   dy 
= sec–1 a 3cos(xy)  y  x   4sin( xy )  y  x   0
76. sec   =a  dx   dx 
 x  y  x  y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get dy 4 y sin( xy )  3 y cos( xy )
 
 dy   dy  dx 3 x cos( xy )  4 x sin( xy )
( x  y ) 1    ( x  y ) 1  
 d x   dx  = 0 y[4sin( xy )  3cos( xy )] y
2 = = 
( x  y)  x[4sin( xy )  3cos( xy )] x

420
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1
1
53. I(m, n) =  t m (1  t) n dt = log 3  log 5
0
2
1 1 1
= log 32  log 5
t
m 1
 I(m + 1, n  1) = (1  t) n 1 dt 2 2
0

 I(m + 1, n  1) 1 1 9
= (log 9  log 5) = log  
 t m 1 (1  t) n  m 1 1 m
1 2 2 5
= 
 n

0
+
n  t (1  t) n dt
3 3
0
x 1  1 2 2 
 I(m + 1, n  1) = 0 +
m 1
I(m, n)
57. 2 x 2 ( x  1) dx = 2   x 2  x  x  1  dx
n 3
n 1
 I(m, n) = I(m + 1, n  1) =    2[log x]32  2[log( x  1)]32
m 1  x 2
1  3
1 1
=   2log  2log 2
54. Let I1 =  (1  x ) 50 100
dx and I2 =  (1  x ) 50 101
dx 3 2 2
0 0
16 1
1 = log 
Now, I2 =  (1  x50 )101.1dx 9 6
0
1 
1
 x   5050  (1  x ) . x .x dx sin x  cos x
4
=  (1  x )
50 101 50 100 49
0 58. Let I   dx
0
0
9  16sin 2 x
1
=  5050  1  x 50  1  x   1 dx
100 50 
4
sin x  cos x
 9  16 1  (sin x  cos x)
0
= dx
1 1

2

= 5050 (1  x ) dx  5050  (1  x )
50 101 50 100
dx 0

0 0 Put sin x  cos x = t

 I2 =  5050 I2 + 5050 I1  (cos x + sin x)dx = dt
5050 I1
 = 5051 
I2 When x = 0, t = 1 and when x = ,t=0
4
10 10 0
1  1 1  dt
55. 5 ( x  1)( x  2) dx = 5  x  2  x  1  dx  I=  9  16(1  t
1
2
)
=  log( x  2)  log( x  1) 5
10 0
1
= log 8  log 9 – (log 3 – log 4)
=  25  16t
1
2
dt

8 3 8 4 0
1
= log  log = log   
9 4 9 3
=  (5  4t) (5  4t) dt
1
 32 
= log    1 1 
 27  0
 10 
=    10  dt
3
dx 1
3
x  1  5  4t 5  4t 
56. 1 x(1  x 2 ) = 1  x  1  x 2  dx

 
0
1
3
1 2x
3 1  1 1 
=  dx   dx =  log (5  4t)  log (5  4t) 
x 2 1 1 + x2 10  4 4  1
1

1 1
=  log x 1  log 1  x 2  
3
3
= (log9  log1)
2 1 40
1 1
= log 3  log 1  (log 10 – log 2) = log 3
2 20

582
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
2
log( x 2  2) 3 3
59. 0 ( x  2)2 dx 62.  (3ax 2  2bx  c) dx  (3ax 2  2bx  c)dx 
0 1
2 1 3
 log( x  2)  2
2x
2
=    2
 x  2  0 0 ( x  2)( x  2)
dx  
0
(3ax 2  2bx  c)dx  (3ax 2  2bx  c)dx 
1
3
 2 2
1 1 
=  log 6  log 2   
 2
x 2
 3 2 3  dx

 (3ax 2  2bx  c)dx
1
4 2 0 3( x  2) x 2  1

    (3ax  2bx  c)dx  0

2

0
1 1 1
=  log 3  log 2 + log 2 1
4 4 2  3ax 3 2bx 2 
    cx   0  a  b  c  0
 x 
2
 3 2 0
 2 1 2
   log ( x  2)  log( x 2  2)  tan 1  
 3 3 3  2  0 4

1 1
63.   3  f  x   dx  7
2
= log 2  log 3 4 4
4 4
 2 1 2 
  3dx   f  x  dx  7
2 2
+   log 2  log 3  tan 1 2  4
 3 3 3   3  x 2 – 7 =  f  x  dx
4

2
2 1 5 1
= tan 2  log 2 + log 3 4
3 12 12   f  x  dx = 3 (4 – 2) – 7
2
 x = –1
60. Put sin1   = t  x = 2 sin t  dx = 2 cos tdt 4 2 4
2
 x 
 f  x  dx =  f  x  dx +  f  x  dx
1 1 2
1 sin 1   6
2 t  b c b

 0 x dx = 0 (2sin t) (2cos t dt)   f  x  dx   f  x  dx + f  x  dx 
… a a c 
   if a  c  b 
6 6
t x
=  dt =  tan x dx 2

0
tan t 0  4 =  f  x  dx – 1
1
 b b

….   f ( x)dx   f (t) dt  2

 a a 
  f  x  dx = 5
1

e2 x 
dx
 g( x  )   cos
4
61. I1 = 64. t dt
e
log x 0
 x 
Put log x = t

= cos 4 t dt   cos
4
t dt
 dx = x dt = et dt 0 
When x = e, t = 1 and when x = e2, t = 2 In 2nd integral, put t = u +   dt = du
2 x  x
et
 I1 = 1 t dt   cos 4 t dt =  cos (  u) du
4

 0
2
e x
 b b
 x

 ....   f ( x)dx   f (t) dt   cos

4
= dx = u du = g( x )
1
x  a a  0

 I1 = I2  g( x  )  g( x)  g( )

583
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
65. Since, | x  1|   ( x  1),if x  1  0 i.e., x  1 1  1 1
70. Since, x  =   x   , if x <
= x  1, if x  1  0 i.e., x  1 2  2 2
2 2
1 1
 
0
f ( x)dx  | x  1| dx 
0
=x
2
, if x 
2
1
1 2
1
=  (1  x)dx   ( x  1)dx   x x  2 dx
0
0 1
1 2 1
 x2   x2  2 1
  x      x  1  1
 2 0  2 1
0 

  x  x   dx  x  x   dx
2  1 
2 
 1 1  2
 1    (2  2)    1  1
 2 2  1
2 1
1   1 
5
x  2 dx = –   x  2  dx +
2 5

0
2
  x  x 2  dx   x 2  x  dx
 1
2  
66. 
5 5
  x  2  dx
2 2
2 5 1/ 2 1
  x2   x2   x 2 x3   x3 x 2 
=   2x +   2x =      
 2  5 2  2 4 3 0 3 4 1/ 2
= 29
1 1  1 1 1 1  1
x
=       
 16 24   3 4 16 24  8
67. f(x) =  | t | dt
1
100π


0 x
71. Let I = |cos x | dx
=    t  dt   t dt
1 0
0
π
0 x 2
 t  t 2
1 x 1 2 2
=      =  = (1  x 2 )
 2  1  2  0 2 2 2
= 200  |cos x | dx
0

1
 2a a

1 3 1 ...   f ( x) dx  2 f ( x)dx, if f (2a  x )  f ( x) 
 | 3x  (1  3x )dx   (3x  1)dx
2 2
68. 2
 1| dx =  0 0 
0 0 1
3  π
Since cos x is positive in the interval  0, 
 [x  x ] 3 1/ 3
 [ x  x]3 1  2
0 1/ 3
π
1 1 1 1 4 2
=      I = 200  cos x dx
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
0
2 π
69.  1  x dx
2
= 200 sin x 02
2
1 1 2 = 200
 1  x d x   1  x d x   1  x dx
2 2 2
=
π/2
2 1 1
1 1 2 72.  | sin x  cos x | dx

=  (1  x ) dx  (1  x )dx  (1  x )dx  
2 2 2 0
π/4 π/2
2 1 1
1 1 2 =   (sin x  cos x) dx +  (sin x  cos x) dx
 x3   x3   x3 
=  x   + x    x  
0 π/4

 3  2  3  1  3 1 =    cos x  sin x 0    cos x  sin x  / 4

/ 4 / 2

4 4 4
=   =4 = 2 ( 2  1)
3 3 3
584
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
99. Let y = excos x and z = ex sin x dy
dy

dy
= ex (cos x  sin x) and   d = – tan 
dx dx dx
d
dz
= ex (cos x  sin x) 2
dx  dy 
 1    = 1  tan 2  = sec 2  = |sec |
dy  dx 
dy
 = dx = e2x 104. y = log (1 + ), x = sin1
dz dz
dx dy 1 dx 1
 = , =
d 1   d 1  2
100. Let y  cos
1
 x  and z  1 x dy
dy 1  2
  d =
dy 1 1 dz 1 dx dx 1 
   and 
dx 1 x 2 x dx 2 1  x d
dy (1  )(1  ) 1 
= =
dy dx 1 (1  ) 2 1 
  
dz dz x
dx 105. Let y = sin1x and z = cos1  1 x 2 
e t  e t et  e t dy 1
101. x = and y =  =
2 2 dx 1  x2


dx e t  e  t
dt

2
and
dy e t  e  t
dt

2
z  cos 1  
1  x 2 = sin1 x

dy e t  e  t dz 1
 =
dy dt x dx 1  x2
   t 2 t 
dx d x e e y
dy
dt 2 dy
 = dx = 1
dz dz
102. x = a(t cos t  sin t) and y = a(t sin t + cos t)
dx
dx
 = a( t sint + cos t  cos t) =  at sin t
dt 1 x 
106. Let y  sin 1   and z  x
1 x 
dy
and = a(t cos t + sin t  sin t) = at cos t dy 1 (1  x)( 1)  (1  x)(1)
dt  .
 dx 2 (1  x) 2
dy 1 x 
1  
dy dt at cos t 1 x 
 = = =  cot t
dx dx at sin t 1
dt = x (1  x)
dz 1
103. x = a cos3  and y = a sin3  and dx  2 x
dx
 = – 3a cos2  . sin  dy
d
dy dx 2
  
dy dz dz 1  x
and = 3a sin2  . cos 
d dx
423
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
a 11
(11  x) 2
81.  [ x]f ( x) dx
1
85. Let I = 0 x  (11  x)2 dx
2
….(i)
2 3 a 11
=  1.f ( x) dx   2.f ( x) dx +….+  [a]f ( x)dx x2
1 2 [a ]
= 0 (11  x)2  x 2 dx ….(ii)

= [f(2)  f(1)] + 2[f(3)  f(2)]  a a


+….+ [a][f(a)  f([a])] ….   f ( x)dx   f (a  x)dx 
= [a] f(a)  {f(1) + f(2) + ….+ f([a])}  0 0 
2 2 2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
 (| x  2 | [ x]) dx =  | x  2 |dx   [ x]dx
11
82.
0 0 0
2I =  dx
0
2 1 2
=   ( x  2) dx   [ x]dx   [ x]dx  2I =  x 0
11

0 0 1
2 1 2 11
=  (2  x) dx   0  dx   1  dx I=
2
0 0 1
2
 x  2 π
=  2 x     x 1
2
2
sin x
 2 0 86. Let I =  sin x  cos x
dx …(i)
= (4  2) + (2  1) = 3 0

2 π 
π
sin   x 
83.
 | [ x ] |dx 2
 2 
2
1 0 1 2
=  π  π 
dx
0
sin   x   cos   x 

2

 | [ x] | dx  | [ x] | dx  | [ x] | dx  | [ x] | dx
1

0

1
2  2 
1  a a

 f ( x) dx   f (a  x) dx 
0 1 2
… 
=   2 dx   1 dx   0 dx   1 dx
2 1 0 1
 0 0
π
1 0 2
2
cos x

= 2 dx  dx  dx
2 1
 
1
 I=  cos x  sin x
dx …(ii)
0

= 2[ x]12  [ x]01  [ x]12 Adding (i) and (ii), we get

= 2(–1+ 2) + (0 + 1) + (2 – 1) π

=2+1+1=4
2
sin x  cos x
5
2I = 
0 sin x  cos x
dx

84.  [| x  3 |]dx
1  2I =  x 02
π

3 5

= [ ( x  3)]dx   ( x  3) dx
  =
π
1 3 2
2 3
π
= [ ( x  3)]dx   ( x  3)  dx
  I=
4
1 2
4 5



+ [ x  3]dx  [ x  3]dx  2
sin n x 
2 3 4
3
5
4 87. Since, 0 sin n x  cosn x dx  4
 
 1.dx  0.dx  0.dx  1.dx   
2
sin1000 x 
0 sin x  cos1000 x dx = 4
1 2 3 4

= [ x]  [ x] = (2  1)  (5  4)  2
2
1
5
4
1000

586
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
π 
2 7 2
tan x dx
88. Let I = 
0
cot x  tan 7 x
7
dx …(i) 91. Let I = 1
0 tan x
….(i)

π π 
tan 7   x  2
dx
1
2
2  = ….(ii)
=  7 π  7π 
dx
0 cot x
0 cot   x   tan   x 
2  2   a a

….   f ( x)dx   f (a  x)dx 
 a a
  0 
…   f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx 
0

 0 0  Adding (i) and (ii), we get


π
 2
1 1 
2I =  
2 7
cot x   dx
 I= 0 tan 7 x  cot 7 x dx …(ii)
0 1 tan x 1  cot x 

Adding (i) and (ii), we get 2
 
π  2I =  dx = I=
2 2 4
 dx
0
2I =
0 
2
π
π dx
 2I =  x   I = 2 92. Let I = 1 …(i)
 tan x 
2018
0
4 0

π/2 
cot x
89. Let I =  cot x + tan x
dx .....(i)
 I=
2

1
dx
…(ii)
 cot x 
0 2018
0
π 
π/2 cot   x   a a

2  …  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx 
= 
0 π  π 
dx
 0 0
cot   x  + tan   x  Adding (i) and (ii), we get
 2   2  

 a a
  2
1 1 
....   f ( x) dx   f (a  x) dx  2I =     dx
0 1   tan x  1   cot x  
2018 2018
 0 0   
π/2
tan x 
=  dx .....(ii) 2
1 1
0 tan x + cot x = 1   dx
 tan x 
2018 2018
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 0  1 
1  
π/ 2
π   tan x 
2I =  dx = I=
0
2 4 
2
 =  dx
 2 n
sec x  0
90. Let I =   n  dx ….(i) 
0  sec x  cos ecx 
n
I=
 4

2 n
cosec x  
 I =  n  dx ….(ii)
0 cosec x  sec x 
n 2
2 sin x
93. Let I =  dx …(i)
2 sin x  2 cos x
 a a
 0
….   f ( x)dx   (a  x)dx  

 0 0  2
2 cos x
Adding (i) and (ii), we get  I = dx …(ii)
0
2 sin x  2 cos x

2 
   a a

2 I =  dx =  x 02  I= …  f  x  dx   f  a  x  dx 
0 2 4  0 0

587
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 
2

96. Let I =  log(cot x)dx ….(i)
2
2 sin x  2 cos x 

2I = 0 2 sin x  2 cos x d x =  x 0
2 = 0
2 
2
 =  log(tan x)dx ….(ii)
 I=
4 0

 a a


….   f ( x)dx   f (a  x)dx 
2
2008sin x  0 
94. Let I = 0 2008sin x  2008cos x dx ….(i)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
0

 
2 cos x 2
2008 2I =  log(cot x tan x)dx
 I =  2008
0
 2008sin x
cos x
dx ….(ii)
0

 a a

 
2
....  f(x) dx  f(a – x) dx   2I =  log1dx
 0 0  0

 2I = 0  I = 0
Adding (i) and (ii), we get  

2 2
 
 log(cosec x)dx =  log(sec x)dx
2
2I =  dx =  x 0 
/ 2
I= 97.
0
2 4 0 0

 a a

 ….   f ( x)dx   f (a  x)dx 
2
cos3 x  0 0 
95. Let I = 0
sin x + cos x
dx …(i) 
2
 1 
 =  log   dx
2
sin x 3
0  cos x 
I=  cos x + sin x
0
dx …(ii) 
2

 a a
 =  [log1  log(cos x)]dx
…  f  x  dx  0 f  a  x  dx  0
 0 
2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get =   log(cos x) dx

0
2
sin 3 x + cos 3 x 
2I =  sin x + cos x
dx = log 2
0 2

2 π/2

  sin x  sin x cos x + cos 2 x  dx  sin 2 x log tan x dx

2
= 98. Let I =
0 0
 π/2
π  π 
2
=  sin 2  2  x  log tan  2  x  dx
=  1  sin x cos x  dx
0
0

 a a


2

2
….   f( x ) dx =  f(a x ) dx 
=  1dx –  sin x cos x dx  0 0 
π/2
0 0

 sin 2 x   1
 /2 =  sin 2 x log cot x dx
=  x 0  
/ 2 0
 = 
 2 0 2 2 π/2

 1  1
=–  sin 2 x log tan x dx
 2I =  I= 0

2 4  I = –I  2I = 0  I = 0
588
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 cos x  dy
z = tan 1   dy dt 2cos t cos 2t  sin t sin 2t
1  sin x    =
dx dx cos t cos 2t  2sin t sin 2t
 (cos2 x / 2  sin 2 x / 2)  dt
= tan1  2 
 (sin x / 2  cos x / 2)  1
0
 (cos x / 2  sin x / 2)   dy  2 1
= tan1  
     
 (cos x / 2  sin x / 2)   dx  t   0  2  1 2
 4
 1  tan x / 2  2
= tan1  1  tan x / 2   1  x2  1 
124. Let y = tan–1   and
= tan1[tan(/4  x/2)] = /4  x/2  x 
 
dz 1
 =   2x 1  x 2 
dx 2 z = tan–1  
 1  2 x2 
dy  
dy dx Put x = tan    = tan1 x
 = = 1
dz dz  sec   1  
–1 
dx  y = tan–1   = tan  tan 
 tan    2
121. x = a cos4  and y = a sin4   1
dx  = tan–1 x
  4a cos3  sin  2 2
d dy 1
 =
and
dy
d
 4a sin 3  cos  dx 
2 1 x 2 
dy  2x 1  x2 
z  tan 1  
dy d  sin 2   1  2 x2 
     tan 2 
dx dx cos 2  Put x = sin    = sin1x
d 2sin  cos   1  sin 2 
 z = tan–1    tan  
 dy  2  3   1  2sin    cos 2 
2

   3    tan    (1)  1
2
–1
d x
     4 = tan (tan 2) = 2
 4 
= 2 sin–1 x
dz 2
 1   =
122. Let y = sec 1  2  and z  1  3 x dx
 2x 1  1  x2
 y = cos (2x  1) = 2cos1x
1 2 dy
dy 2 dz 3 dy dx 1  x2
   = =

dx
and
dx 2 1  3x dz dz 4 1  x 2 
1 x 2
dx
dy
 dy  1
dy dx 2 2 1  3x    =
     dz  x  0 4
dz dz 1 x 2 3
dx 3x 3x
125. y = cos2  sin2
 dy  2 2
   1   0
 dz  x=   y = cos 3x ….(i)
 3 
dy
 =  3 sin 3x
123. x = sin t cos 2t and y = cos t sin 2t dx
dx d2 y
  cos t cos2t  2sin t sin2t  =  9 cos 3x
dt dx 2
dy d2 y
and  2cos t cos 2t  sin t sin 2t  2 =  9y ….[From (i)]
dt dx
426
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
π / 4
x tan x
103. Let I = 
0
sec x + cos x
dx ....(i)  I =  log 1  tan   d
0
…(i)
/ 4
π
(   x) tan x   
 I= 0 sec x + cos x dx ....(ii) =  log 1  tan  4    d
0
/ 4
 a a
  1  tan  
....  f ( x )dx   f (a  x) dx  =  log 1   d
1  tan  
 0 0  0
/ 4
Adding (i) and (ii), we get  2 

tan x
=  log  1  tan   d
2I =   dx 0

sec x  cos x / 4 / 4

  log (1 + tan ) d
0
  I= log 2d –
 sin x
I=  dx 0 0
2 0 1  cos 2 x / 4

Put cos x = t  sin x dx = dt

I=  log 2d  I
0
…[From (i)]
1
 dt  1 / 4
 I =   =   tan 1 t 
2 1 1 t 2
2 1  2I =  log 2d
0
     
2
=       
= log 2
 2  2  4 4
π/2
x sin x cos x 
I=
104. Let I =  cos
0
4
x  sin 4 x
dx .....(i)
8
log 2

  106. Put x = tan   dx = sec2  d

π/ 2   x  cos x sin x 

I=  
2 
 dx .....(ii) 1
8log(1  x) 4
8log(1  tan )
0
sin 4
x  cos 4 x  0 1  x 2 dx =  1  tan 2 
 sec2 d
0
 a a
 
....    f ( x) dx   f (a  x) dx  4

 0 0  = 8 log(1  tan ) d = 8  log 2    log 2
8  
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 0

 π / 2 cos x sin x 
2I = 
2 0 cos 4 x  sin 4 x
dx 107. Let I = [cot x]dx  0
....(i)
π/ 2
 tan x sec 2 x 
I=
4 
0
1  tan 4 x
dx

 I = [cot(  x)]dx
0
dt
Put tan2 x = t  tan x sec2 x dx =  a a

π 
dt
2
 0
 
….  f ( x) dx = f (a  x)dx 

0 1  t 2
0
 I=
8 

 π2
I = [ cot x]dx  ....(ii)
= [tan 1 t]0 = 0
8 16
1
log 1  x  Adding (i) and (ii), we get
105. Let I =  1 x 2
dx 
0

Put x = tan   dx = sec2  d

2I =  [cot x]  [ cot x] dx
0
/ 4
log 1  tan   
 I =  . sec 2  d
0
1  tan 2
  2I =  1dx ….[ [x] + [x] = 1, if x  Z]
0
/ 4
log 1  tan   
 . sec  d
2
=  2I =   I = 
0
sec 2  2
590
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
8 4
10  x log x 2
108. Let I =  x  10  x
dx ….(i) 111. Let I = 2 log x  log(36  12 x  x 2 ) dx ….(i)
2
2
4
8
x log(6  x) 2
 I=  10  x  x
dx ….(ii)  I= 2 log(6  x)2  log x 2 dx
2

 b b
  b b

….   f ( x)dx =  f (a  b  x)dx 
 a a 
….(ii)  f ( x)dx  f (a  b  x)dx 
 a a 
 
Adding (i) and (ii), we get Adding (i) and (ii), we get
8 4
6
2 I =  dx   x 2  8  2  6  I = 2I = 1dx =  x 2 = 4 – 2 = 2
8 4
=3
2 2 2

2017
x  I=1
109. Let I = 
2016 x  4033  x
dx ...(i)
π π
2 2
dx dx
4033  x  
2017
112. Let I = =
=
2016
 4033  x  x
dx ...(ii)

π esin x  1

π e sin x
1  e sin x 
2 2

 b b
 π
...   f ( x) dx   f  a  b  x  dx  2
e  sin x
 a a   I=
π
 1 + e  sin x
dx …(i)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 
2
2017


 dx =  x 2016 = 1
2017
2I = 2
1
2016 Also, I =  e sin x
1
dx
1 

 I = 2
2 
2
3 1
110. Let I = 
dx 4
…(i)
=  e sin (  x )
1
dx
 1  cos x

2
4
 b b

3
4
…   f ( x) dx   f (b  a  x) dx 
dx  
  1  cos (  x)
a a
I=


2
1

4
 I=  sin x
dx …(ii)
 b b
  e 1
…   f ( x) dx   f (b  a  x) dx  
2
 a a  Adding (i) and (ii), we get
3 π
4
dx 2
 I= 
 1  cos x
…(ii) 2I =
π
 dx
4 
2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get π
π
3  2I =  x  2 π  I =
4
2 2 2
2I =  1  cos

2
x
dx
log 3
x sin x 2

4
113. Let I = dx
3
log 2
sin x 2  sin(log 6  x 2 )
4
  cosec x dx
2
I = Put x2 = t  2x dx = dt
 log 3
1 sin t

4
 I= dt ...(i)
=   cot x  /4 = 2 2 log 2 sin t  sin(log 6  t)
3  /4

591
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
log 3 1 sin x
1 sin(log 6  t) 5  /2  
e tan
 I=
2  sin(log 6  t)  sin t
dt ....(ii)  I=  1 sin x
  1 cos x
 
dx
log 2 0 e tan  e tan
 b b
 / 2 tan 1  sin x 

 a

….  f ( x) dx  f (a  b  x)dx 

  e
e
tan 1  sin x  1 cos x
 
dx ...(i)
a
0  e tan
Adding (i) and (ii), we get  5 
tan 1 sin   x
log 3 5  /2  2 
1 1 1 3 e
2I =
2 log 2 
dt = (log 3  log 2) = log  
2 2
=   5
tan 1 sin 
  5
tan 1 cos 

dx
2 0
e  2
 x

e  2
 x


1 3  
tan 1 sin   x 
 log   / 2
e 2 
4 2   
0
 
tan 1 sin   x 
 
tan 1 cos   x 
dx
2014
tan 1 x e 2 
e 2 

114. I =  x dx …(i) 5  /2
e
tan 1  cos x 


1/ 2014
 I= dx
1 1 tan 1  cos x  1 sin x
 
Put x =  dx = 2 dt 0 e  e tan
t t / 2 1 cos x
 
e tan
1  1 
1/ 2014 tan  
 e tan 1  cos x 
 e tan
1 sin x
 
dx ...(ii)
 I=   t   1  dt 0

1  2
2014 t 
t Adding (i) and (ii), we get
1/ 2014 1 2014 1
 cot t cot t 5  /2 tan 1  sin x 
e
tan 1  cos x 
=  t
dt =  t
dt 2I = 
e
1 sin x
  1 cos x
 
dx
2014 1/ 2014
0 e tan  e tan
cot 1 x
2014

 x dx
1 sin x 1 cos x
 I= …(ii) / 2
e tan  
 e tan  
1/ 2014  e tan 1  sin x 
 e tan
1 cos x
 
dx
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 0

2014
tan 1 x + cot 1 x 5 
 2I = 
2I = 
1/ 2014
x
dx
2 2
= 2

2014 I=
 dx 
 log x 1/2014 
2014
= =
2 x 2

1/ 2014
116. Let I =  x f ( x ) dx
 1  e
=
2 log 2014  log 2014  
 
=  (e +   x)f (e +   x) dx

=  2 log 2014 e

2  b b

 ….   f ( x)dx   f (a  b  x)dx 
 I= log 2014  a a 
2 
=  (e    x)f ( x) dx
5 / 2 tan 1  sin x 
e e
115. I = 
/ 2 e
tan 1  sin x 
 e
tan 1  cos x 
dx
....[ f(x) = f( + e  x) (given)]

tan 1  sin x 
I =  (e  )f ( x) dx  I
0
e 
 e
/ 2
tan 1  sin x 
 e tan
1 cos x
 
dx e

2
5  /2 tan 1  sin x   2I = (e + )  f ( x) dx  2I = (e + ).
e e
+  tan 1  sin x 
e tan 1  cos x 
dx e

0 e I=1
592
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

 dy  d2 y dy
2  yx 
2  x2 x y ....[From (i)]
d y b dx dx 2 dx
 = 2  
dx 2 a  y2  d2 y dy
   x2 2
x y=0
2
dx dx
b  dy 
= 2 2 yx  147. y = etan x
a y  dx 
 log y = tan x
b2  b2 x2  Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
=  y   ….[From (ii)]
a 2 y2  a2 y  1 dy dy y
 = sec2x  =
b2 b2  y 2 x 2  b 4 y dx dx cos 2 x
=    = …[From(i)]
a 2 y2 y  b2 a 2  a 2 y3 dy
 cos2x =y
144. x = f (t) and y = g (t) dx
dx dy Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 = f (t) and = g(t) d2 y dy dy
dt dt cos2 x 2  2 cos x sin x =
dy dx dx dx
dy g(t) 2
d y dy
 = dt =  cos2x 2 = (1 + sin 2x)
dx dx f (t) dx dx
dt 1
148. y = emcos x ....(i)
2
d y f (t).g(t)  g (t).f (t) dt
 =  dy 1 1
dx 2
[f (t)]2 dx  = emcos x .m.
dx 1  x2
f (t).g(t)  g(t)f (t) dy
=  1  x2 = my ....[From (i)]
[f (t)]3 dx
2
cos x  sin x 1  tan x 2  dy 
145. y =   (1  x )   = m2y2
cos x  sin x 1  tan x  dx 
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 
 y = tan   x  ....(i) dy d 2 y  dy 
2
dy
4  (1  x2) .2 . 2    .(0  2 x) = 2m2y
dx dx  dx  dx
dy  
 =  sec2   x  2
d y dy
dx  4   (1  x2) 2  x = m2y
dx dx
d2 y      (1  x2) y2  xy1  m2y = 0
 2
= 2 sec2   x  . tan   x 
dx 4  4  dy 2sin 1 x 2cos1 x
149. = 
d2 y dx 1  x2 1  x2
 dx 2 = 2 tan    x  =  2y ....[From (i)] dy 2(sin 1 x  cos 1 x)
dy    =
4  dx 1  x2
dx
dy
 1  x2 = 2 (sin1x  cos  1 x)
146. y = cos (log x) ....(i) dx
dy 1 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 =  sin (log x). d 2 y dy 1
dx x 1  x2  2    ( 2 x)
dy dx dx 2 1  x 2
x = sin (log x)
dx  1 (1)  4
=2   =
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  1 x
2
1  x2  1  x2
d 2 y dy 1 d2 y dy
x 2
 .1   cos(log x).  (1  x2) x =4
dx dx x dx 2 dx
429
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 124. Let f (x) = x | x |
2
122. I1 =  f (sin 2 x)sin x dx f (–x) = – x | – x | = – x | x | = – f (x)
0  f (x) is an odd function
 1
4
   
=  f (sin 2 x)sin x  f sin 2   x   sin   x   dx
    x | x | dx = 0
1
0   2  2  π
 2a a
 2
  4  3sin x  
....   f ( x)dx =   f ( x)  f (2a  x) dx 
 0 0 
Let I =  1  log  4  3cos x  dx
0
...(i)

4 π   π  
  4  3sin  2  x   
=  f (sin 2 x)sin x  f sin(  2 x) cos x  dx 2
    dx
0 =  1  log 
  π  
 4  3cos  2  x   
 0
   
4
 
 I1 =   f (sin 2 x)sin x  f (sin 2 x) cos x  dx ....(i)
 a a

...   f ( x) dx   f (a  x)dx 
0

4  0 0 
I2 =  f (cos 2 x) cos x dx π
2
  4  3cos x  
 1 log  4  3sin x  
0

 I= dx ...(ii)
 4
   
0
=  f cos 2   x   .cos   x  dx Adding (i) and (ii), we get
0   4    4  π

 a a

2
  4  3sin x 
....  f ( x) dx   f (a  x) dx  2I =  1  log  4  3cos x  + 1
 0 0  0

 4  3cos x  


  4
     + log    dx
=  f cos   2 x   .  cos cos x  sin sin x  dx  4  3sin x  
0  2   4 4 
π

2
  4  3sin x   4  3sin x  
 1 
  2  log  4  3cos x  – log  4  3cos x   dx
4
1 =
=  f (sin 2 x)  cos x + sin x  dx
0  2 2  0
π

2 π
= 2  x 02
4
1
=  f (sin 2 x)cos x  f (sin 2 x)sin x dx =  2 dx
2 0 0

1 π
 I2 = I1 ....[From (i)]  2I = 2  
2 2
I1 π
  2  I=
I2 2
100  100  125. Since, sin3 x cos2 x is an odd function.
 
1
123. I = (1  cos 2 x) dx = 2 sin 2 x dx   sin x cos2 xdx = 0
3

0 0
1
100 
= 2 0
sin x dx 126. Since, sin103 x cos101 x is an odd function.

4

  sin
103
= 100 2  sin x dx x cos101 xdx = 0

0
4
 2a a

…   f ( x) dx  2  f ( x)dx, if f (2a  x)  f ( x)  127. Since, x cos x + sin x is an odd function.
 0 0  2 2

 ( x cos x  sin x) dx +  dx = 0   x 
2
 4
= 100 2   cos x 0 200 2

2
2 2

594
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals

9 x Since, t3 and t cos t are odd functions.

128. Let f(x) = log   1
9 x
9 x
1
 
I  2dt  [2t]11  4
1
 f(x) = log  
9 x f ( x)  f ( x)
9 x 133. g(x) =
= log  x2  3
 = f(x)
9 x 4 x 2  3x  1  4 x 2  3x  1 6x
 f(x) is an odd function. = = 2
x2  3 x 3
4
9 x
 4 log  9  x  dx = 0  g(x) = 
6x
x2  3
= g(x)

 g(x) is an odd function.

 2  sin x 
129. Let f(x) = log  
2

 2  sin x    g( x) dx = 0
2
 2  sin( x) 
 f(x) = log  
 2 + sin( x) 
2

 2  sin x 
134. Let I =  x dx
=  log   = –f(x)
2

 2  sin x   a a 
2
 f x dx  2 f ( x) d x 
 f(x) is an odd function.
π
= 2 x dx ...    
 0 
0  a 
 2  sinx   if f  x  is an even function 
2
  log  2 + sinx  dx = 0
π 2
2  x2  4
= 2   = 2  = 4
2
 2 0 2
130. Let I =  (px  qx + s)dx
2

2 2
135. Let I =  x cos x dx
2 2
=  (px  s)dx  q  xdx
2
2
2 2
2
2
4
= 2  (px  s)dx  0  (4p  3s)
3
2 2 
0
x cos  x d x
0

Thus, to find the numerical value of I, it is  a a 

 f x dx  2 f ( x) d x 
...    
necessary to know the values of p and s.
0 
3 2 3  a 
 if f  x  is an even function 
131.  f( x) dx =
2
 f( x) dx +  f( x) dx
2 2
1/2 3/ 2
2 3
= 2   x cos x dx   x cos x dx
e sin x dx +  2dx
cos x
= 0 1/ 2
2 2
Since, e cos x
sin x is an odd function.
2

3
  x cos x dx 
  f( x) dx = 0 + 2 (3 – 2) = 2 3/ 2

2 x sin  x cos x
Since  x cos x  
0  2
132. Let I =  [ x3  3x 2  3x  3  ( x  1) cos( x  1)] dx
 1 1   3 1   1 3 
2  I = 2   2     2  
0  2     2  2    2  
 [( x+1)  2  ( x  1) cos( x  1)] dx
3
=
1 1 3 1 1 3 
2 =2   2    2
Put x + 1 = t  dx = dt  2  2 2  2 
1
 8  8
  (t  2  t cos t) dt
3
I= =2   =
1  2  
595
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
136. Since, x tan1 x is an even function. 1
sin x  x 2
1 1 139. Let I   3 | x |
dx
 x tan x dx = 2  x tan xdx
–1
 1
1
1 0 1 1
sin x x2
 
1
 x 
1
1 x2 2
= dx  dx
=  2tan 1 x   – 2  2
. dx 3 | x | 3 | x |
 2 0 0 1+ x
2 1 1

1 sin x x2
x 2 +1  1 Since, is an odd function and
= [ x tan x] – 
2 1
dx 1
0 3 | x | 3 | x |
0
1+ x 2
is an even function.
= [ x 2 tan 1 x]10 – [ x]10 + [tan 1 x]10 1 1
x2  x2
π
= –1+
π π
= –1
 I02  3 | x |
dx  2 
3 | x |
dx
4 4 2 0 0

 

 (cos ax  sin bx) dx

2
2
sin x 4
140.
137. Let I =  sin 4 x  cos4 x dx 
 
2

Since,
sin x 4 
= (cos 2 ax  sin 2 bx  2cos ax sin bx)dx
is an even function. 
sin x  cos 4 x
4
 

 

= (cos 2 ax  sin 2 bx) dx 2 cos ax sin bx dx
2
sin 4 x  
 I = 2 dx = 2     

0
sin x  cos x
4 4
4 2 

 
= 2 (cos 2 ax  sin 2 bx) dx  0
0
2
sin 2 x
138. Let I =  1  2x
dx …(i)  cos a x sin bx is an odd function and 
.... 
 
 (cos ax  sin bx) is an even function 
 2 2
2


sin 2 x  1  cos 2ax 1  cos 2bx 

2
= 2    dx
I= 
 1  2 x
dx …(ii)
0
2 2 

2 


…  f  x  dx 
b b
 =   2  cos 2ax  cos 2bx  dx  2
 a
a f  a  b  x  dx  0


Adding (i) and (ii), we get 2

 ( x  )

2 141. Let I = 3
 cos 2 ( x  3)  dx

2
2I = sin x dx 3 
2


2 Put x +  = t  dx = dt
 
2 2
 2I = 2  sin x dx
  t
2
 I = 3
 cos 2 (2  t)  dt
0 
 a a  2
 f x dx  2 f ( x) d x 
...     0 

2

2
 a 
t  cos
3 2
= dt + t dt
 if f  x  is an even function   
 2 2
2
 1  cos 2 x  Since, t3 is an odd function and cos2 t is an
I= 0  2  dx even function.


2
1 sin 2 x  1     

2
=  x =   0 =  I = 0 + 2 cos2 t dt = 2  =
2 2  0 2 2  4 0
4 2

596
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

f  x   f 0  f (1) = 1
4. f  (0–) = lim
x  0 x0  f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
f  0  h   f  0 If f(x) is differentiable, it has to be continuous.
= lim
h 0 h  f(x) is continuous and differentiable at x = 1.
h log  cosh 
2
0 6. lim f ( x) = 0
log 1  h 2  x  0
= lim lim f ( x) = lim x = 0
h 0 h x  0 x  0
 log  cosh  1 lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f(0)
= lim lim
log 1  h 2 
x  0 x  0
h 0 h h 0
 The function is continuous at x = 0
h2 Y
 log  cosh 
= lim .(1)
h 0 h
Applying L'Hospital rule, we get x0 x>0
X
sinh O
= lim
h 0 cosh

=0 y=x
f  x   f  0
f(0+) = lim
x 0  x0 Since the function has a sharp edge at x = 0,
f  0  h   f  0  The function is not differentiable.
= lim
h 0 h
7. lim f  x   lim  x  1  1  1  0
h 2 log  cosh  x 1 x 1
0
log 1  h 2
 lim f  x   lim  x3  1  1  1  0
= lim x 1 x 1
h 0 h
f 1  0
=0
 f  (0 ) = f  (0+)
–  f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
 f(x) is differentiable at zero. f ( x )  f (1) x 1  0
Lf (1) = lim  lim 1
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
f ( x )  f (1) f ( x )  f (1)
5. Lf (1) = lim Rf (1) = lim

x 1 x 1 x 1  x 1
x 2 3x 13 x 1
3
3x 2
  2 = lim  lim 3
= lim 4 2 4 x 1 x  1 x 1 1
x 1 x 1  Lf  (1) ≠ Rf  (1)
x  6x  5
2
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1.
= lim
x 1 4  x  1
8. Since, f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
lim
 x  5 x  1  Lf (1) = Rf (1)
=
x 1 4  x  1 d  d 
   x 2  bx  c     ( x ) 
1  dx  x 1  dx  x 1
= lim ( x  5)  1
4 x 1  [2x + b]x=1 = 1
f ( x )  f (1) x3 2 2+b=1
Rf (1) = lim = lim

x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1  b = –1 ….(i)
3 x 2 f(x) is differentiable at x = 1.
= lim  1
x 1 x 1  f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
432
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
  2

=  a log | x |  x 2  5(a  b) x 
4 4
b
sin x cos x 1 sin 2 x
147. N =  ( x  1) 2
dx = 
2 0 ( x  1)2
dx  2 1
0 b
= alog2 – 2b – 10(a – b) – alog1 + + 5(a – b)
  
2
1   1  2cos 2 x  4 4
7
x  1   0 0 ( x  1)
=  sin 2 x     dx  = a log2 – 5a + b
2   2
 
2
1  7 
2 cos 2 x

4
2
 1 f ( x)dx = (a 2  b2 ) a log 2  5a  2 b 
 
=   dx =  I2 
  4 0 x 1 4 2
dt
149. Let I = 
 
f ( x ) dx
In I2, put 2x = t  dx =
2  9x   9x 
 sin    sin  
  2 2
  dx = 4  2  dx
2
cos t 2
cos x =
    x 0 
 x
 I2 =  t  2 dt =  x  2 dx  M sin   sin  
0 0 2 2
2 2 ....[ f(x) is an even function]
 N=  M  MN=
4 4 x
Put =   dx = 2d
1 1 2
148. af(x) + bf   = – 5 ….(i) 
x x 2
8 sin 9
Replacing x by
1
in (i), we get
 I=
 0 sin 
d 
x
 (sin 9  sin 7)  (sin 7  sin 5)
1 2
 (sin 5  sin 3)  (sin 3  sin )  sin 
af    bf (x) = x –5 ....(ii) 8
 x 
  0
sin 
d

1 
Eliminating f   from (i) and (ii), we get 2
 x 8
a
=
0 
(2 cos8  2 cos 6  2 cos 4  2 cos 2  1)d
2 2
(a – b )f(x) = – bx – 5a + 5b
x  
=  =4
2  2
 (a 2  b2 )  f (x)dx
1

Evaluation Test
 
1
log(1  x) 4
 1  tan t 
4
 2 
1. Let I =  dx =  log  1 
0
1  x2
0

 1  tan t 
dt = 
0
log   dt
 1  tan t 

Put x = tan t  dx = sec2 t dt 4

 =  [log 2  log(1  tan t)]dt

When x = 0, t = 0 and when x = 1, t = 0
4 
  4
4
log(1  tan t) 4  I =  (log 2)dt  I
 0 1  tan 2 t  sec t dt = 0 log(1  tan t) dt
2
I= 0


2I = log2  t 0 
/ 4
 log 2
 4
4
    
=  log 1  tan   t   dt  I= log 2
0   4  8

598
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
31. h(x) = f(g(x)) 
2

1 sin 1 x 36. y  5 x(1  x) 3

 cos 2 (2 x  1)
 h(x) = f(sin x) = e ....(i) 5 2
dy 2  d 
d 1  = 5x. (1  x) 3 . (1  x)  5(1  x) 3
 h(x) = e sin 1 x
.
dx
 sin 1 x  = e sin 1 x
. dx 3 dx
1  x2 d
 2cos(2 x  1). [cos(2 x  1)]
h ( x) 1 dx
  ....[From (i)]
h( x) 1  x2 10 x 5
= 5
 2
32. At x = 1, f(x) is not defined. 3(1  x) 3
(1  x) 3
For x  R {1}, 2 [2cos(2x + 1) sin(2x + 1)]
  5  2x 
= 2 
 1  2sin(4 x  2)
  1   1  3(1  x ) 
g(x) = f f f  x   f f    f   (1  x) 3 
 
  1  x    1  1 
 1 x  ...[ 2sincos = sin2]
x 1 5(3  x)
= f 
1
 =x =  2sin(4 x  2)
 x  x 1 5
1 3(1  x) 3
x
 g(x) = 1 for all x  R  {1} 37. y = f (x2 + 2)
dy
2x 1  = f (x2 + 2).(2x)
33. Let t  . Then, y = f(t) dx
x2  1
 dy  2
dy dt d  2x 1     = f (1 + 2).(2 1)
  f (t).  sin t 2 .  2   dx  x  1
dx dx dx  x  1 
= f (3).2 = 5.2 = 10
.... [ f   x  = sin x2 (given)]
log(log x)
 ( x 2  1)(2  0)  (2 x  1)(2 x  0) 
2
38. f ( x)  log x (log x) 
= sin t   log x
 ( x 2  1) 2 
1 d 1
2 log x.   log x   log  log x  .
2 x 2  2 x  2  2x 1  log x dx x
 .sin  2   f ( x) 
( x  1)
2 2
 x 1   log x 
2

34. f 1 (x) = g(x) 1 1

 log(log x )
 x = f  g(x )  = x x
(log x ) 2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
f   g(x)  g(x) = 1 1
0
e 1
1  1   f (e)  
  g( x) = 1 ...  f ( x)  1 2
e
1   g( x)
4
 1  x 4 
39. f(x) = 1  cos 2 ( x 2 )
 g(x) = 1 +  g( x)
4

1
 f (x) = .(2 cos x2).(– sin x2).(2x)
g (x) =  f (2f ( x)  2) 2 1  cos ( x )
2 2 2
35.
 g(x) = 2 [f (2f (x) + 2)] . [f (2f (x) + 2)]  x sin 2 x 2
 f (x) =
= 2 [(2f (x) + 2] f [2f (x) + 2] . 2f (x) 1  cos 2 ( x 2 )
 g(0) = 2 [f (–2 + 2)] f [2f (0) + 2] . 2(1)  2 
= 2 [ f (0)] (1) 2     2 .sin 4 
2
.1 
 f      =–
= 4 (–1)  2  2  3 6
1  cos
= –4 4 2

436
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 1 1 1
1
   t f (t)dt =  h(t)dt = 2 h(t)dt
3
7. Let I = dx
 ( x   )(  x) 1 1 0
2 2 1
Put x =  sin t +  cos t
= 2 t 3f (t)dt
 dx = (.2 sin t cos t + .2 cos t ( sin t))dt 0
= 2 (  ) sin t cos t dt 1
= 2 x 3f ( x)dx
When x = ,  =  sin2 t + (1  sin2 t)
0
 =  + (  ) sin2 t
 1 
 = 2 ….   x 3f ( x)dx   
 sint = 1,  t=  0 
2
When x = , 1
9. f(m, n) =  (log x) m x n 1dx
 = (1  cos2 t) +  cos2 t
0
=  + (  )cos2 t 1
1 d 
 cos t = 1, t = 0 = (log x)m  x n 1dx     (log x)m  x n 1dx  dx
0  dx 0 
(x  ) (  x) = ( sin2 t +  cos2 t  ) 1
 x  n
1 xn
1
(   sin2 t –  cos2 t) =  (log x) m     m(log x) m 1   dx
= [ cos2t  (1 sin2)]  n 0 0 x n
1
[(1 – cos2 t)   sin2 t] m
n 0
=00 (log x) m 1  x n 1dx ….[ log 1 = 0]
= (  ) cos2t (  ) sin2t
Since,  >  m
= f(m  1, n)
 ( x  )(  x) = (  ) sin t cost n
0 x
(  )sin t cos t
 I = 2
 (   )sin t cos t
dt 10. (x) =  (4sin t  3cos t)dt
7
2 6
0   (x) = 4 sin x + 3 cos x
= 2 (1)dt  7  4 
 If x   , ,
2  6 3 
 then x is in the third quadrant.
2
= 2 1dt  sin x and cos x are both negative.
0  (x) = 4 sin x + 3cos x < 0
 7  4 
= 2  t 0
/ 2
 (x) is decreasing on the interval  , 
6 3
   7  4 
= 2   0  Minimum (least) value of (x) on  ,
 2  
 6 3 
= 4  /3
 4 
is    =
 3 
 (4sin t  3cos t)dt
 ex  1  7  /6
8. Let h(x) = x3f(x) = x3  x  =  4cos t  3sin t 7  /6
4  /3
 e 1 
 e x  1  3 1 e 
x  4 7   4 7 
 h(x) = (x)3   x  = x  =  4  cos  cos   3  sin  sin 
x  3 6   3 6 
 e 1  1 e  
 1 3  3 1
 ex  1  = 4      3    
= x3  x 
 e 1   2 2   2 2
 h(x) = h(x)
=

7 1 3 
 h(x) is an even function. 2
600
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals

1
b
n n
11. Let I =  f ( x)dx 14. lim 1  
a n
n  n 1 n2
Put x = (b  a)t + a n n 
  ...  
 dx = (b  a)dt n3 n  3(n  1) 
When x = a, t = 0 and when x = b, t = 1
 
1
 
 I =  f  (b  a)t  a  (b  a)dt = lim 
1 1

1

1
 ... 
1

n  n  0 1 2 3(n  1) 
1 
 1 n 1 1
0
1  n n n 
= (b  a)  f  (b  a)t  a  dt 1 3(n 1) 1
0 = lim
n  n

r 0 r
1
1
= (b  a)  f  (b  a) x  a  dx n
0 3
1
 =ba = dx
0 1 x
12. If 0  x < 1, then 0  x2 < 1,  [x2] = 0 =  2 1  x 
3

0
If 1  x < 2 , then 1  x2 < 2,  [x2] = 1
If 2  x  1.5, then 2  x2  2.25,  [x2] = 2
= 2  1 3  1 0 
1.5 1 2 1.5 = 2(2  1) = 2(1) = 2
   x  dx =   x  dx +   x 2  dx +   x 2  dx
2 2

4n
n
lim 
0 0 1 2
15.
 
1 2 1.5 n  2
r 1 r 3 r 4 n
=  0dx +  1dx +  2dx 4n
0 1 2 1 1 1
= lim   
= 0 +  x 1   2 x   
2 1.5 2
r 1 n r 3 r 4 n
n 
2
n
= 2  1 + 2 (1.5 – 2 ) n
4n
2 – 1 + 3 2 2 1 1 1
= = lim    2
r 1 n r  r
n 
=2 2 
n 3 n  4
 
1
13. f   + x2f(x) = 0 ….(given) 4
1
x =  dx
 
2

1 1 0 x 3 x 4
 f(x) =  f 
x2  x  Put 3 x + 4 = t
sec  sec 
1 1 1
Let I = 
cos 
f ( x)dx = 
cos 
 f   dx
x2  x 
 3.
2 x
dx = dt

1 1 1 2
Put  t ,   2 dx = dt  dx = dt
x x x 3
When x = cos , t = sec  When x = 0, t = 4 and when x = 4, t = 10
10 10
and when x = sec , t = cos  1 2 2 1 
cos  sec  sec 
 I= 4 t 2  3 dt =  3  t  4
 I=  f (t)dt    f (t)dt =   f ( x)dx = I
2 1 1 2 25
sec  cos  cos  =     =   
 I +I=0 3  10 4  3  20 
 2I = 0 2 3  1
=    
 I=0 3  20  10
601
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
f ( x) 0
16. f ( x)  f ( x)  1  I1 =   (1  t 2 )dt
f ( x)
1
Integrating on both sides, we get 1

log f ( x)  x  log c  f ( x)  ce x =  (1  t 2 )dt

 f(0) = c  c = 1 0
1
 f(x) = ex  t3  1 2
=  t   = 1– =
Now, f(x) + g(x) = x2  3 0 3 3
 g(x) = x2  ex  
1 1

2 2

  f ( x) g( x) dx =  e ( x 2  e x ) dx I2 =  cos3 x dx =  cos3   x  dx
x

0 0 0 0 2 
1 1 

 x e   e dx
2 x 2x
= 2
2
0 0 =  sin 3 x dx = I1 =
1 0 3
 e2 x 
=  x 2 e x  2 xe x  2e x    From (i),
 2 0
 2 2  800
1 2 3 I = 200    =
=e e  3 3 3
2 2 
100  2
sin x  cos x
17. Let I =  (| sin 3 x |  | cos3 x |) dx 18. I1 =
0
 1  sin x cos x dx
0
 
200
2 2
cos x  sin x
=  (| sin 3 x |  | cos3 x |) dx =  1  sin x cos x dx
0
0

 2 


2 2
  
= 200 (| sin 3 x |  | cos3 x |)dx ....   f ( x) dx =  f   x  dx 
0 
2  
0  0 
 | sin 3 x |  | cos3 x |is a periodic  
....  
 2
sin x  cos x
 function with period  =  dx =  I1
 2  1  sin x cos x
0

2  2I1 = 0  I1= 0
 I = 200 (sin 3 x  cos3 x) dx 2
  cos
6
0 I2 = x dx
 
2
 
2
0

  
= 200   sin x dx +  cos x dx 
3 3
= 2  cos 6 x dx
 0 0
 0

= 200[I1 + I2] (Say) ….(i) ….[ cos6x is a periodic fn with period ]

 
2 2
Where I1 =  sin 3 x dx = 2  (cos 6 x + cos6 (  x)) dx
0 0

 2a a

….   f ( x)dx   [f ( x)  f (2a  x)]dx 
2
=   (1  cos x)( sin x) dx
2
 0 0 
0

Put cos x = t,  sin x dx = dt 2

 = 2.2  cos 6 x dx
When x = 0, t = cos 0 = 1 and when x = , 0
2
  6  1 6  3 6  5  5
t = cos =0 = 4. . =
2 6  6  2  6  4  2 8

602
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
54. y = (sin x)tan x 58. y   (tan x ) tan x 
tan x

Taking logarithm on both sides, we get

log y = tan x.log (sin x) Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get log y = tan x log(tan x )tan x
1 dy  log y = (tan x)2 log (tan x)
  tan x.cot x  log  sin x  .sec2 x Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
y dx
1 dy 1
dy   (tan x ) 2   sec 2 x
  (sin x) tan x 1  sec2 x log  sin x   y dx tan x
dx
e 2 x cos x  log(tan x).2 tan x.sec2 x
55. y dy  tan x tan x
x sin x    tan x   .tan x sec2 x [1 + 2log(tan x )]
dx  
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get
log y = 2x + log (cos x)  log x  log (sin x)  dy 
 2  (1  0)  2
2

Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

      1.1.
 dx  x  
  sin x  1 cos x  4
1 dy
 2  
y dx  cos x  x sin x 59. y = 1 + x ey .…(i)
2x
dy e cos x  sin x 1 cos x  dy dy
  = ey.1+ x. ey.
 2     dx dx
dx x sin x  cos x x sin x 
dy
2 1 1 cot 2 x   (1 – x ey) = ey
= e2 x  cot x   2 cot x   dx
x x x x 
dy
e2 x  (2  y) = ey .…[From (i)]
= 2  2 x cot x  cot x  x(1  cot 2 x)  dx
x
dy ey
e2 x  =
= 2 [(2 x  1) cot x  x cosec 2 x] dx 2  y
x
56. y = {f(x)}(x) 60. xy = 1 + log y
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x, we get
log y =  (x) log {f(x)} dy 1 dy
x. + y.1 = 
 y = e(x) log f(x) dx y dx
dy d dy
 = e(x) log f(x) [( x)log f ( x)]  (xy – 1) + y2 = 0
dx dx dx
 k = xy – 1
(x) log f(x)  f ( x) 
=e  ( x )   log f ( x).( x) 
 f ( x)  61. tan1 (x2 + y2) = 
 x2 + y2 = tan 
57. y = (x log x)log (log x) Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get dy dy  x
log y = log (log x)[log x + log (log x)] 2x + 2y =0 =
dx dx y
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1 dy 1  1 
  log x  log  log x    
sin 1 t 2 1 sec1  
 
cos1 t 2 1
y dx x log x 
 t 2 1 
62. y= e and x = e =e

1 1   
+ log  log x    
 xy = e 2 ….  sin 1 x  cos 1 x  
 x x log x   2
dy  1 Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 = (x log x)log (log x)   log x  log  log x   dy
dx  x log x x  y.1  0
dx
1 1  
 log  log x     
dy  y

 x x log x   dx x
439
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
x
 1  A 1
22. f(x) =  sin 6 tdt  f   = .
0 2 2 2
x+  x+ A 4
 2 A=
 f(x + ) =  sin 6 tdt =  sin 6 tdt +  sin
6
tdt
2 2 
0 0 
x
= f() +  sin 6 (u  )du , where t = u +  sin x  sin 2 x  sin 3 x sin 2 x sin 3x
0 25. f(x) = 3  4sin x 3 4sin x
x
= f() +  sin 6 u du 1  sin x sin x 1
0 sin x sin 2 x sin 3x
x
= f() +  sin tdt = f() + f(x)
6 = 0 3 4sin x (C1  C1  C2  C3)
0 0 sin x 1
 f( + x) = f() + f(x)
= sinx (3  4 sin2x) = 3sinx  4 sin3x = sin 3x
2
23. Let f(x) = ax + bx + c  
2 2
 f (x) = 2ax + b
f (x) = 2a
  f ( x)dx =  sin 3x dx
0 0
f(0) = c = 3
1
cos3x0
 /2
f (0) = b = –7 = 
f (0) = 2a = 8 3
 a=4 1 3 
=   cos  cos 0 
 f(x) = 4x2 – 7x + 3 3 2 
2 2
1 1
 f ( x)dx =  (4 x
2
 7 x  3)dx =   0  1 =
1 1
3 3
2
 4 x3 7 x 2  
=    3x  2
  cos3t 3  
 3 2 1  a  cos t   a sin t  20cos t  dt
2
26. 
 4 4  
32 4 7  0
=  14  6     3  / 2
3 3 2   1 3  
=  a 2  sin 3t  sin t   a cos t  20sin t 
32  42  18  8  21  18    12 4  0
=  
3  6  1 3 
= a2  (1)  (1)  0   a(0  1)  20(1  0)
8 5 16  5 11  12 4 
=  = 
3 6 6 6 3 1 
= a2    + a  20
1
2A  4 12 
24.  f ( x ) dx   2a 2
0 = + a  20
1 3
  x   2A
  A sin  2   B dx  
 from the given condition,
0
2a 2 a 2
1 + a  20 
 2A  x   2A 3 3
  cos    Bx  
   2  0  3a 2
  a  20  0
2A 2A 3
 B B=0
   a2 + a  20  0
 x   (a + 5) (a  4)  0
Now, f(x) = A sin    B
 2   5  a  4
 x   The positive integer values of a satisfying the
 f (x) = A cos   . above inequality are 1, 2, 3, 4.
 2  2
 There are 4 such values.
604
 Chapter 05: Definite Integrals
27. Since, 1  sin x  1  2  2sin x  2 4
3esin x
3 4 3
3x 2 esin x
3 5 30. Let I =  dx = 1 x3 dx
2 6 
1
x
 [2sin x]dx   [2sin x]dx   [2sin x]dx
  5
Put x 3  t  3 x 2 dx  dt
2 2 6 64
esin t
 1 t dt
7 3
6 2
I =
  [2sin x]dx   [2sin x]dx 64
 7
esin x
5 7 3
6 = 1 x dx
6  6 2
=  (1)dx   (0)dx   (1)dx   (2)dx = [f ( x)]164
 d
 [f ( x )] 
esin x 
 5  7
….  
2 6 6  dx x 
 5   7   3 7  = f(64)  f(1)
=     0      2  
 6 2  6   2 6   k = 64
2  4 
=   
6 6 6 2
28. Applying R 1  R 1  sec x R 3 , we get
0 0 sec2 x  cot x cosec x  cos x
f ( x)  cos x cos x
2 2
cosec2 x
2
1 cos x cos2 x
= (sec2 x + cot x cosec x  cos x) (cos4 x  cos2 x)
= (sec2 x + cot x cosec x  cos x) ( cos2x sin2 x)
=  sin2 x  cos3 x + cos3 x sin2 x
=  sin2 x  cos3 x (1  sin2 x)
=  sin 2 x  cos5 x
 
2 2
  f ( x)dx    (sin x  cos5 x) dx
2

0 0

 1  4.2   8
     = 
 2 2 5.3.1  4 15
a
1 3 1 
29. 
a 2 1
x 1  dx < 4
x
a
 
1  3 x 3/ 2 
  . 3 +x  2 x  4
a 2 
 2 1
1 
 a a  1  a  1  2 a  2   4
a
 a+ a2<4
 a+ a 6<0
  a 3  a 2 <0 
 3 < a < 2
But a cannot be negative and according to
the problem, a  0
 0< a <2
 0<a<4
605
 Textbook
Chapter No.

06 Applications of Definite Integral

Hints

Classical Thinking / 2

4 4
Required area =  sin x dx
x  255 4 0
1. Required area =  x3 dx =   = sq. units = [ cos x]0 /2
1  4 1 4
  
4 4 =   cos  cos 0 
1  2 
2. Required area =  y dx = c  x dx
1 1
= 1 sq. unit
= 2c log 2 sq. units. 2
7. Required area =  (4 x  x 2 ) dx
4


0
3. Required area = 3 x + 4 dx 2
0  x3 
4
= 2 x2  
 3   3 0
 (3x + 4) 2  8
=   =8–
 3 3   3
  2   16
0
=
2 112 3
=  56 = sq.units
9 9 π
2
4 4 8. Required area =  (2 x + sin x) dx
 8   8
4. Required area =   1 + 2  dx =  x   0
2
x   x 2 π

= (4 – 2) – (2 – 4) =  x 2  cos x  2
0
=2+2=4  π2 π
=  cos  – (0 – cos 0)
2 2
 4 2
5. Required area =  y dx =  log x dx π2
1 1 = – 0 –(0 – 1)
4
=  x log x  x 1
2

π2
= 2log2 – 1 = +1
4
= (log4 – 1) sq. units
a a 2

6. Y 9. Required area =  y dx =  xex dx

0 0

dt
Put x2 = t  xdx =
2
y = sin x a2
1
 required area =  e t dt
X  X 20
O /2
1  t a2
= e
2  0
2
ea  1
= sq.units
Y 2
606
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral
 /2 6
 3 
 sin x.dx
2
10. Required area = 6
 ( y  2) 2 
0
/ 2
 required area =  y  2 dy = 
 3 

 1  cos 2 x  4
 2 4
=0  2  dx
2  32 3

= 4  2 
2
1 1 π
=  x 0 – sin 2 x 0 =
/ 2 / 2
3  
2 4 4
2
x2
=
2
3
82 2  
11. Required area = 0 4 dx x2 = 4y Y 4

1 3 2 3. Required area =  2 x dx Y
x=4
= x 
12   0
0
4
8 x=2  3
=  x2  4  3 
12 O X = 2   = 4 2  0 X X
3 3   O
2  
=  2 0
3
4 32 y2 = 4x
= (8) = Y
Critical Thinking 3 3
 /3
1. Y 3
4. A1 =  cos x dx = 2
y = 4x2 0
 /3
y=4 3
A2 =  cos 2 x dx =
0
4
y=1  A1 : A2 = 2 : 1
X X
O 5. xy  3x  2y  10 = 0
Y  y(x – 2) = 3x + 10
3x +10
4 4 y=
y x2
Required area =  x dy =  2
dy 4 4
3x +10
 y dx = 
1 1
 Required area = dx
1 2 4 x2
= .  y 3/ 2  3 3
2 3 1
= [3x +16 log( x  2)]34
7 = 3 + 16 log 2 sq. units
= sq. units
3
6. According to the given condition,
2. Y 3

 (3x  4 x + k) dx = 20
2
2
x =y2
1
3
  x3  2 x 2 + kx  = 20
y= 6 1

 (27 – 18 + 3k) – (1 – 2 + k) = 20
y= 4  9 + 3k +1 – k = 20  2k = 10
k=5
(0, 2)
X X 7. For X-axis, y = 0
O
 4 + 3x  x2 = 0
 (x + 1) (x  4) = 0  x = 1 or x = 4
Y 4
125
x2 = y – 2  x =  Required area =  (4 + 3 x  x 2 ) dx =
y2 6
1

607
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
8. For Y-axis, x = 0 12. Y x =1 x=4
 y2 – y = 0 y2 = 2x
 y(y – 1) = 0
 y = 0 or y = 1 X
1 O
1
y y  3 2
 required area =  ( y 2  y ) dy =   
0 3 2 0
1 1 1 1 Since, the curve is symmetrical about X-axis.
= – = = sq. units 4
3 2 6 6
 Required area = 2 y dx
9. For X-axis, y = 0 1
4 1
 4x – x2 = 0 28 2
= 2 2 x 2 dx = sq. units
 x(4  x) = 0  x = 0, 4 1 3
4
Required area =  (4 x  x ) dx 2
13. Y x=2
0
4
 x3 
= 2 x2 
 3  0
64 32 X X
= 32 – = sq. units O (2, 0)
3 3
10. According to the given condition, y2 = 8x
b

 f ( x) dx  (b  1)sin(3b  4)
1
Y
Since, the curve is symmetrical about X-axis.
2
Differentiating w.r.t.b, we get
 Required area = 2  y dx
f(b).1 = 3(b  1) cos(3b + 4) + sin(3b + 4) 0
 f(x) = 3(x  1) cos(3x + 4) + sin(3x + 4) 2 2
= 2  8 x dx = 4 2  x dx
11. Y y2(2ax) = x3 0 0
2
 
 x 3/ 2  8 2
=4 2
3 

3
2 2  
 
 2 0
x = 2a
32
= sq. units
X X 3
O
14. Y
Y 2a 2a 3
x
Required area =  y dx = 
0 0
2a  x
dx y2 = 4ax

Put x = 2a sin2  X
O (a, 0)
 dx = 4a sin cos d

2
8a 3 sin 6  .4a sin  cos 
 required area =  2a  2a sin 2 
d a a
0 Required area = 2  y dx = 2 4ax dx
 0 0
2a.sin 3 .4a sin  cos 
2
a
=  d 2 3
0
cos  = 2  2 a  x2 

3  0
2
3.1  3a 2 8 2
 sin
2
= 8a 4
 d = 8a2. .  = a sq. units
0
4.2 2 2 3
608
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral
15. Y Required area = A1 + A2 + A3 + A4
= 4 A1
 /2
(0, 2)
2
y =4x = 4  cos x dx
0

X X   
= 4 sin x 0
 /2
O (4, 0) = 4  sin  sin 0 
 2 
(0, –2) = 4(1 – 0)
=4

Y 19. Y
4 4
 2 3/2 
Required area = 2 4  xdx = 2   4  x 
0  3 0
 2
3
48 3
= 2 0  (4) 2  =  2 2
 3  3 X X
  O /2
32
= sq. units y = sin x
3
16.
Y Y
x2 = 1 + y  /2
B(0, 1) Required area = 4  y dx
0
 /2
X X = 4  sin x dx
O A(1, 0) 0

= 4[ cos x]0/2

x2 = 1 – y   
Y = 4  cos  cos 0 
 2 
Required area = 4(area of the region OABO)
1 = 4 sq. units
= 4  (1  x 2 ) dx
20. Y
0
1 x=1
 x3 
= 4x   x2 + y2 = 4
 3 0
8 (2, 0)
= X
3 O
 /3

17. Required area = 2  tan x dx

0

= 2 [log sec x]0 /3 = 2log (2) 2

Area of smaller part = 2  4  x 2 dx
18. Y 1
2
x x
= 2 4  x 2 + 2sin 1 
y = cos x 2 2 1
A1  A4  π  3 π 
X 
X = 2  2.    2.  
O 3 2
A2 A3  2  2 6  
2 2
4π
= – 3
Y 3
609
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 dy 
 sin x 
1 2

 yx dy sin 1 x
b dx 
2 2
d y 111. y=  =
 2
= 2  2  2 dx 1  x2
dx a  y 
  dy
 1  x2 = sin–1x
b 
2
 b2 x   dx
= 2 2  y  x  2  d2 y dy   x  1
a y   a y   1  x2 2 +   =
dx dx  1  x 2  1  x2
b2  a 2 y 2  b2 x2 
= 2 2    (1 – x2)y2 – xy1 = 1
a y  a2 y 
112. y = cos1x  y = (cos1x)2
b2 a 2 b2
= 2 2  2
a y a y dy 2cos 1 x
 =
b4 dx 1  x2
=
a 2 y3 2 x cos 1 x
2
107. y = log (log x) d2 y 1  x2
 =
dy 1 dx 2 1  x2
 =
dx x log x dy
2 x
d2 y dx
d2 y 1  2 =
 = [1 + log x] dx 1  x2
 x log x 
2
dx
d2 y dy
 (1  x2) x =2
e 1
x
1 dx 2
dx
108. Let y = x
= 1 + x = 1 + ex
e e 113. r = a.e (cot  )  r = a 2 .e 2 (cot  )
dy
 = ex dr
dx  = a2 . e 2  (cot  ) .2 cot 
d
d2 y 1
 = ex = x
dx 2
e dr
 = 2a2 cot .e2(cot  )
109. y = (tan–1 x)2 d
dy 2 tan 1 x d2r
 =  = 4a2 cot2 .e 2 (cot  )
dx 1  x2 d2
dy
 (1 + x2) = 2tan–1 x d2r
dx   4r cot2 
dy d2 y 2 d2
 (2x) + (1 + x2) 2 =
dx dx 1  x2 = 4a2 cot 2 .e2 (cot  )  4a2 cot 2 .e2 (cot  ) = 0
d2 y dy
 (x2 + 1)2 2 + 2x(x2 + 1) =2
dx dx 2  ab x
114. y = tan-1  tan 
110. y = (sin1 x)2 a 2  b2  ab 2

dy 2sin 1 x dy 2 1
 = ….(i)  =
dx 1  x2
dx a  b 1   a  b  tan 2 x
2 2
 
ab 2
d2 y 1  x.sin 1 x.(1  x 2 ) 1/2 
 = 2   ab x1
dx 2  1  x2  × sec2  
ab 2 2
d2 y x
 (1  x2) = 2 1  x.sin 1 x.(1  x 2 ) 1/ 2  sec 2
dx 2 1 2
= ×
d2 y dy ab ab 2 x
 (1  x2) x =2 ….[From (i)] 1   tan
dx 2
dx ab 2

446
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral
27. Y 30. The two parabolas intersect at (0, 0) and (4, 4).
Y
x2 = 4y

(4, 4)

X X
O (4, 0)

y2 = 4x
(0, 1)
X (3, 0)
X Y
O
4
 x2 
Required area =   2 x   dx
Y x=3 0
4 
4 4
3  2 x 3/ 2  1  x 3 
Required area =   7 x  1   5 x+1  dx = 2    
0
 3 0 4  3 0
3 32 16 16
=  2 x dx =   sq. units
3 3 3
0
3
31. The two curves intersect at O(0, 0) and
 x2  1 1
= 2   = 9 sq. units P , .
 2 0 a a Y
28. The curves y = x and y = x + sin x intersect at
y = ax2
(0, 0) and (, ).
P  , 
1 1
 required area  a a 
π π π
=  ( x + sin x) dx –  x dx =  sin x dx
0 0 0
X X
= [cos x] = –cos  + cos 0
π
O 1 
0
 , 0
= – ( –1) + 1 = 2 a 

29. The two curves intersect at (0, 0) and (1, 1).

Y x = ay2
2
x =y Y
(1, 1) According to the given condition,
1
a
 x 
X O (1, 0) X  
0
a
 ax 2  dx = 1

1/a
 2 3/ 2 ax3 
2
y =x   x   =1
Y 3 a 3 0
1
2 1 a 1
Required area =  ( x  x 2 ) dx   3/ 2   3 = 1
0
3 a a 3 a
1 2 1 1
 3   2  2 =1  2 = 1
 x 2 x3  1 3a 3a 3a
=    = 1
3 3 3 a=
 ....[ a > 0]
2 0 3

611
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
32. The area of the region bounded by y2 = 4ax 35. The area of the region bounded by the
16ab parabola y2 = 4ax and the line y = mx is
and x2 = 4by is sq. units.
3 8a 2
sq.units.
9 16 3m3
Given parabolas are y2 = x and x2 = y
4 3
36. The area bounded by x2 = 4ay and the line
9 4
Here, a = ,b= 8a 2 m3
16 3 y = mx is .
3
16 9 4
 Required area =   1
3 16 3 Given, x2 = 2y  x2 = 4   y and y = 3x
= 4 sq. units 2
1
33. Y Here, a = and m = 3
2
y = 2x2
y = x2 + 4 8 1
 Required area =   3  3  3 = 18 sq. units
(0, 4) 3 4
(2, 8) (2, 8)
37. Given curves are y = x2 and y = x.
On solving, we get x = 0, x = 1
X X
(2, 0) O (2, 0) 1
 Required area =  ( x  x 2 ) dx
0
1
 x 2 x3 
Y =   
2 2 3 0
 (x + 4  2 x 2 ) dx
2
Required area = 1 1 1
2 = – =
2 2 3 6
2
 x3 
=  (4  x ) dx =  4 x  
2
38. y2 = x and 2y = x
2  3  2
2
 8  8  32  x 2
= 8   –     x  x = 4x  x = 0, 4
 8 +  = 2
 
 3  3 3
4
 x
34. The two curves intersect at (2, 1) and (2, 1).  Required area =   x   dx
Y 0
2
4
 2 x 3/ 2 x 2 
=  
4y = x2  3 4 0

(2, 1) 4
(2, 1) = sq. units
X 3
O (2,0)
2y = 6  x2 39. Given curves are y = x3 and y = x.
On solving, we get x = 0, x = 1
1

 
 6  x2 x2 
2
 x  x 3 dx
Required area = 2    dx Required area =
0
2 4 0

2 1

2
3x 2   x3   32 
= 2  3   dx  6  x    2x x4 
4   12  0 = 
0  3 4
  0
 8 16
= 6 2    6
 12  12 2 1 5
  
= 8 sq. units 3 4 12

612
 Chapter 02: Differentiation
124. x = a sin  and y = b cos  2 1
= .
dx dy (e sin t  e cos t) (cos t  sin t) 2
t t
 = a cos  and =  b sin 
d d 2 1
= .
dy x  y (cos t  sin t)2
dy b
 = d = tan   d2 y  1
dx d x a   2  = 2 . 1 =
d  dx 1,1 1  1   
2 2
 cos  sin 
d2 y b d b  4 4
 2
= sec2  . = 2 sec3 
dx a dx a 3 
127. At  2, 2 2 
d y
2
b  2 
  2 = 2 sec3
 dx      a 4 1 1
 4 cos t = and sin t =
2 2
b 
= 2 2  tan t = 1  t =
a2
4
Now, x = 3cos t and y = 4sin t
125. y = x3 log loge(1 + x)
dx dy
 = –3sin t and = 4cos t
x3 1 dt dt
 y = 3x2 log loge (1 + x) + .
log e (1  x) 1  x dy
dy 4
 = dt =  cot t
3x 2 1 dx dx 3
 y = 6x log loge(1 + x) + .
log e (1  x) (1  x) dt
d2 y 4 dt 4 1
 = cosec2t = cosec2t × 
 3 1  dx 2
3 dx 3 3sin t
 (1  x ) loge (1  x ).3x  x (1  x ). 1  x  log e (1  x )  
2

   d y
2
4 1
 (1  x ) log e (1  x )
2 2
   2 = cosec2(/4)×
 dx  3 2 ,2 2  3 3sin   / 4 
  
2



8 2
 y(0) = 0 =
9
126. At (1, 1), 1 = et sin t and 1 = et cos t x 2  ax  1
128. f(x) =
x 2  ax  1

 tan t = 1  t =
4 ( x 2  ax  1) (2 x  a)  ( x 2  ax  1) (2 x  a)
 f ( x) =
Now, x = et sin t and y = et cos t ( x 2  ax  1)2
dx dy
  e t (sin t  cos t) and  e t (cos t  sin t) 2a ( x 2  1)
dt dt  f ( x) =
x  ax  1
2 2

dy
dy dt cos t  sin t  f ( x)
  
dx dx cos t  sin t 4ax( x 2  ax  1) 2  4a ( x 2  1) (2 x + a) ( x 2  ax  1)
dt 
( x 2  ax  1) 4
d 2 y d  cos t  sin t  dt
    4a  x( x 2  ax  1)  ( x 2  1)(2 x  a) 
dx 2 dt  cos t  sin t  dx  f ( x) =
x  ax  1
2 3

=  (cos t  sin t)( sin t  cos t)  (cos t  sin t)( sin t  cos t)  dt
 
 (cos t  sin t)2  dx 4a 4a
 f (1)  0, f (1) = and f (1)  
2 1 (2  a) 2
(2  a) 2
= . t
(cos t  sin t) e (sin t  cos t)
2
 (2  a)2 f (1)  (2  a)2 f (1)  0
449
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
46. Y y = (loge x)2
Competitive Thinking
y = loge x 5
(e, 1) 1. Required area =   3 x  5  dx
3
X
O (1,0) (e, 0) 3 3
 x   5 x 3 =  25  9   5(5  3)
2 5 5
=
2 3 2
= 24  10 = 14 sq. units
e
Required area =  [log x  (log x) 2 ] dx 2. According to the given condition,
2 2
1
 x2 
e e
 mx dx = 6 m   =6
 2 1
=  log x dx –  (log x) 2 dx 1
1 1
 3
= [xlog x – x] 1e – [x(log x)2 – 2xlogx + 2x] 1e  m = 6  m = 4
2  
= [e – e – (– 1)] – [e(1)2 – 2e + 2e – (2)] 3. Y
= 1 – (e – 2) = 3 – e (0, 1)
47. Y

y=1x y=x–1 (1, 0) (1, 0)

X X
y=1
(0, 1) y = 1 – |x| Y y = 1 – |x|
x=2 1
1
 x2 
X Required area = 2  1  x  dx = 2  x  
O (1, 0) (2, 0) 0  2 0
 1
= 2 1   = 1 sq. unit.
Required area  2
2

 1  x  1  dx
= Alternate method:
0 1
Required area = × base × height
2
1 2
 2
=  dx    (1  x)dx   ( x  1)dx  1
0 0 1  = × 2 × 1 = 1 sq. unit.
2
 1
x2   x2  
2

=  x 0    x      x  
2
4. Y y = 3x + 1
  2 0  2 1 
y = 2x + 1
 1  1  B (4, 13)
= 2  1         1 
 2  2 
A(4, 9)
1 1
= 2  = 1
2 2
x2 y 2
48. The area between   1 and the straight C(0,1)
a 2 b2
X X
x y 1 1 O(0, 0) x=4
line   1 is ab  ab sq.units. Y
a b 4 2 4

Here, a = 3, b = 2 Area bounded by the lines =  (3x  1  2 x  1) dx

1 1 0
 Required area = (3)(2)  (3)(2) 4
4 2
4
 x2 
3
= 0 x d x =  
 2 0
= (  2) sq.units
2 = 8 sq. units
614
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral
5. Y 8. Y
y=x y = loge (x + e)

(0, 1)
(–1, 0) (2,0)
X
O X
(1 – e, 0) O

x = 1 x =2
0 2

 y d x +  y dx
0
Required area =
1 0
Required area =
1 e
 log ( x + e) dx
e

0 2
1 e
=
1
 x dx   x dx = 0
2
2 =  log t dt ….[Put x + e = t]
1
1 5
=  t log t  t 1 = 1 sq. unit
e
=2+ = sq. units
2 2
Alternate method: 9. For X-axis, y = 0
1 1
Required area = × 1 × 1 + ×2×2  2x  x2 = 0
2 2
 x (2  x) = 0  x = 0, 2
1
= +2 2

  2 x  x  dx
2
2 Required area =
5 0
= sq. units. 2
2  x3 
=  x2  
 3 0
Y
6. 8
y=8 = 4
3
x=0 4
= sq.units
X X
3
O
10. For X-axis, y = 0
 1 – x – 6x2 = 0
y = x3  (2x + 1)(3x – 1) = 0
Y
1 1
8 8 x= or x =
2 3
 x dy = y
1/3
Required area = dy
1
0 0
3
3 4/3 8 3 4/3   1  x  6 x  dx
2
=  y  = (8  0) Required area =
4 0 4 1
2
= 12 1
3  x2 3
=  x   2 x3 
7. Required area =  x  2 dx
1
 2  1
2
2 3
=  (2  x) dx +  ( x  2) dx 1 1 2   1 1 1 
=      
1 2  3 18 27   2 8 4 
2 3
 x   x2 2
 11 3
= 2 x   +   2 x  = 
 2 1  2 2 54 8
1 1 125
= + =1 = sq. units.
2 2 216
615
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

dy 1  2  x    2  x 1  x  1  2 2 1 1
 =    When x = , cos x = cos = , |cos x| =
 3 3 2 2
2  x
2
dx 8  x   
2  x  x 2 3 3
1 2 x 1 and sin x = sin = , |sin x| =
=     = 3 2 2
8 x    2  x  
2
4x  2  x
 dy   3  1 
2. y = (cos x + i sin x) (cos 3x + i sin 3x)    2  = –1   + 1  
 dx  x   2   2 
….(cos(2n – 1)x + i sin(2n – 1)x) 3

Since, cos  + i sin  = ei 3 1

 y = eix  ei3x  ei5x …. ei(2n – 1)x =
2
= eix[1 + 3 + 5 + …. + (2n – 1)]
2
= ein x  1  2  n
5. y =  1    1   ….  1  
dy 2  x  x  x
 = in 2 ein x
dx dy  1   2   3   n
 =   2   1    1   ….  1  
d2 y 2
dx  x   x  x  x
 2
= i 2 n 4 ein x = – n4y
dx
 1  2   3  n
+ 1     2   1   ….  1  
 3x     x  x  x  x
3. y = f 
 5x  4   1  2  3   n
+  1    1     2  ….  1   + ….
 x  x  x   x
dy  3x    d  3x   
 = f     1 1
dx  5 x  4  dx  5 x  4  When x = –1, 1 + = 1 + =1–1=0
x  1
 3x      5 x  4  3  5  3x      Except 1st term all terms are 0.
= f    
 5x  4  5x  4  dy 
2
   = (–1) (–1) (–2) …. (1 – n)
 
 dx ( x 1)
 dy     12  5  = (–1)n (n – 1)!
   = f    
 dx  x 0  4   16 
 x
    12  5  1  x , x  0
= tan2     6. f (x) = 
 4   16   x , x0
1  x
 12  5 
= (1)2   x
 16  0
f ( x)  f (0) 1  x
 Lf (0) = lim = lim =1
12  5 x  0 x0 x 0 x
=
16 x
0
4. y = |cos x| + |sin x| Rf (0) = lim 1  x =1
x  0 x0
d x
Since, |x| =  f(x) is differentiable at x = 0 and f (0) = 1.
dx x
7. f(x) = sin(log x)
dy cos x d sin x d 1
 =  (cos x) +  (sin x)  f (x) = cos(log x)
dx cos x dx sin x dx x
cos x sin x  2x  3 
= (–sin x) + cos x y = f 
cos x sin x  3  2x 
452
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral
19. Y Put x = a sin2
 dx = 2a sin .cos  d 
/ 2
y = sin2x a cos 2θ
 A=2 
0
a
a sin 2 θ
. 2a sin cos  d

X / 2
cos 
X = 4a2 
0
sin 
sin  cos  d 
Y  x= / 2
x= 1 π
= 4a2  cos θ dθ = 4a . 2 . 2 = a2
2 2
 2 
1  cos 2 x
Required area =  sin 2 x dx =  dx 0

  2
2 2 22. Y

1 sin 2 x  x2 = 4y
=  x
2 4   y=4
2

  
=  = sq. units y=1
2 4 4 X X
O
20. Y
Y
(a, a2)A B (a, a2)
C (0, a2) 4
Required area =  x dy
1

y = x2 4

X
=  2 y dy
X
O 1

2 4
Y = 2    y 3/2 
Area of the region AOB 3 1

a2
  28
a2 a2 = sq. units.
 y 3/ 2  4 3

= 2 x dy = 2 y dy = 2 
 3 
 = a3
3
0 0
 2 0
23. Y
y=x+2
1
Now, area of AOB =  AB  OC
2
1 (1, 1) x2 = y
=  2a  a2 = a3
2
Area of AOB a3 3 X
   (2, 0) (1, 0) O X
Area of the region AOB 4 3 4
a
3
Y Y
21.
1 0

 ( x  2) dx   x dx
2
Required area =
2 1
x=a 1 0
X
O x 
2
 x3 
=   2x   
2   2  3  1
 1    1
=   2   2(1  2)  + 0  
Since the curve is symmetrical about X-axis.  2    3
a
ax 5
 Required area A = 2  a dx =
0
x 6
617
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
24. 26. Y
Y
y = cos x
y = sin x
1 X X
(1, 1) y= O  
x
 ,0 
X O X 4 
(1, 0) (e, 0) Y  /4

y=x Required area =  (cos x  sin x) dx

0
Y x=e = [sin x + cos x ]0 / 4
1 1 2
1 e
1 = + 1 = –1 = 2 –1
Required area =  x dx   x dx
0 1
2 2 2
1 27. The two curves intersect at (0, 0) and (4a, 4a).
 x2  Y
=     log x 1
e
x2 = 4ay
 2 0
1
= +1 y2 = 4ax
2
(4a,4a)
3
= sq.units X
2 O (4a,0)

25. Y
 b2  4a 4a
x2
A  ae ,  Required area =  2a1/ 2 x1/2 dx –  dx
 a  0 0
4a
32 2 16 2 16 2
X X = a – a = a sq. units
S S 3 3 3
  b2  28. The two parabolas intersect at (0, 0) and (1, 1).
B  ae ,  1

 
 a 
Y  required area = x  x 2 dx
0
Since the curve is symmetrical about X-axis 1
 3 
and Y-axis,  2 x 2 x3  2 1 1
Area of region between the two latus-rectum =    =  =
 3 3 3 3 3
= 4 (Area of the shaded region)
ae
 0
=4  y dx
0
29. Y

ae
b 2
=4 
0
a
a  x 2 dx (2,1)
ae
(1, 0)
4b  x 2 2 a 2 X X
 x 
=  a x  sin 1   
a 2 2  a  0 (2,1) x = 1  3y2
4b  ae a2 
=  a 2 1  e 2   sin 1 e 
a 2 2  x =  2y2 Y
4b  abe a 2  Area bounded by the parabolas
=   sin 1 e  …  b  a 1  e2 
  1
a  2 2  = 2  1  3 y 2  2 y 2  dy
= 2b (be + a sin–1 e) 0

618
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral
1
 y3 
1 32. The area of the region bounded by the
= 2  1  y  dy = 2  y  
2
parabola y2 = 4ax and the line y = mx is
 3 0
0
8a 2
sq. units.
 1 4 3m3
= 2 1   = sq. units
 3 3 1
Here, a = and m = 1
2
30. Y 2
1
y = 16 8 
2 2
(–4, 16) (4, 16)  Required area =  3  sq. units.
3 1 3
y = x2
33. Y
X X (2, 2)
(0, 0)
Y
Area bounded by y = x2 and line y = 16 is X
(–2, 0)
X
4
2   x  16  dx
2

0 (–1, 1)
4 x = y2 – 2
x  3
256 x=y
= 2   16 x  =
3 0 3 Y
But area cannot be negative The points of intersection of x = y2 – 2 and
256 x = y are (–1, –1) and (2, 2)
 Required area = sq. units 2
3  y  2  y  dy
2
Required area =
1
31. The points of intersection of 2
y2 = 4ax and y = 2ax are given by  y3 y2 
=   2y  
(2ax)2 = 4ax 3 2  1
 4ax(ax – 1) = 0 8
=   4   –   2  
4  1 1
1 3 2  3 2
 x = 0 or x =
a 9
=
1 2
When x = 0, y = 0 and when x = , y = 2 But area cannot be negative.
a
9
1   Required area = sq. Units
 the points of intersection are (0, 0) and  , 2  . 2
a 
Y y = 2ax 34. Y
y = ax2
1 
 ,2 1 1
a 
 , 
X a a
O 1 
 ,0
a  X X
y2 = 4ax O 1 
 ,0 
a 
1/a

Required area =  
0
4ax  2ax  dx x = ay2

1 Y
= sq . units 1 1
3a The two curves intersect at (0, 0) and  ,  .
a a
619
 Chapter 02: Differentiation

x2  6  20. 1  x 6  1  y 6 = a3(x3  y3)

Given, y = x2f(x) =  8 x   10 
28  x 
Put x3 = sin  and y3 = sin 
1
 y= (8x3  6x + 10x2)
28  1  sin 2   1  sin 2  = a3(sin   sin )
dy 1
 = (24x2  6 + 20x)  cos  + cos  = a3(sin   sin )
dx 28
 dy  1 2 1    
   = (24  6  20) =  =  2 cos   cos  
 dx  x 1 28 28 14  2   2 
17. f(x3) = x5    
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get = a 3 .2sin   cos  
 2   2 
f (x3) . 3x2 = 5x4
5    3
 f (x3) = x2  cot  =a
3  2 
5     = 2 cot1 a3
 f (27) = f  (33) = (3)2 = 15
3  sin1 x3  sin1 y3 = constant
18. Since, g(x) is the inverse of f(x).
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get
 f[g(x)] = x
 f   g( x)  g ( x) = 1 3x 2 3y2 dy
  =0
 f   g(1)  g (1) = 1 1 x 6
1 y 6 dx
1
 g(1) = ….(i) dy x 2 1  y6
f (g(1))  =
dx y 2 1  x6
f(x) = x3 + ex/2
 f(0) = 1 21. Let f(x) = px2 + qx + r
 0 = f1(1)  f(1) = f(1)  p + q + r = p  q + r  q = 0
 g(1) = 0 ….[ g(x) = f1(x)(given)]
 f(x) = px2 + r
From (i), we get
 f (x) = 2px
1
g(1) =  f (a) = 2ap, f (b) = 2bp and f (c) = 2cp
f (0)
Now, f(x) = x3 + ex/2 Since, a, b, c are in A.P.
1  2ap, 2bp, 2cp are in A.P.
 f (x) = 3x2 + ex/2
2  f (a), f (b), f (c) are in A.P.
1
 f (0) =
2 dx
22. = sec  tan  + sin 
1 d
 g(1) = =2
1/ 2 dy
19. y = f(x3) and  n sec n 1  .sec  tan   n cos n 1  .( sin )
d
dy
 = f (x3).3x2 = 3x2 tan(x3) = n secn  tan   n cos n 1  sin 
dx
z = g(x5) dy
dy d n sec n  tan   n cos n 1  sin 
dz   
 = g (x5).5x4 = 5x4 sec(x5) dx dx sec  tan   sin 
dx
d
dy
dy 3x 2 tan x 3 3tan x 3 Dividing Nr and Dr by tan , we get
 = dx = =
dz dz 5 x 4 sec x 5 5 x 2 sec x 5 dy n(sec n   cos n )

dx dx sec   cos 
455
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral
b 1 41. Y
 ( x  1)3   ( x  1)3 
 R1 =   and R2 =  
 3 0  3 b y = x y=x
(0, 2)
(b  1) 1
3
(b  1) 3
 R1 =  and R2 = 
3 3 3 (1, 1)
(1, 1)
1 X
Since, R1  R2 = O (1, 0)
X
4
3
(b  1) 1 (b  1)3 1 y=x+2 y=x+2
   
3 3 3 4
Y
2 1 1
 (b  1)3 =   (b  1)3 =  1
3 12 8 Required area = 2    x  2  x  dx
1 1 0
b1= b= 1
2 2 = 2   2 x  2  dx
3
39. y=x 0
dy  dy    x2 
1
 = 3x2    =3 = 4  x  = 2 sq. units
dx  dx (1,1)
 2 0
 equation of the tangent at (1, 1) is Y
y  1 = 3(x  1)  y = 3x  2 42.
Y y = x3
(0, 3)
y = 3x  2
(1, 2)
(1,1) (2, 1)

X
(1, 0) O X
X (1, 0) (2, 0)
A
O (1,0)
2 
 ,0
3  Y
3  |x| = |x  1| |x| + |x  1| = 3  x = 1, 2
1 1
Required area
Required area =  x3 dx   (3 x  2) dx 2

 (3  | x |  | x  1|) dx
0 2
3 =
1 1 1
 x 4   3x 2  1
=    2x = 2
12  x | x | ( x  1) | x  1| 
 4 0  2 2 = 3 x   
3
 2 2  1
40. Y
 1   
y = x2 =  6  2     3   2  = 4 sq. units
y=x  2  2 
y=–x
43. Y
(–1,1) (1,1) y = x2
X (0, 2)
O (1,0)
1 (1, 1) (1, 1) 2
Required area = 2  ( x  x 2 ) dx y=
(1  x 2 )
0 X X
1 O (1, 0)
x x 2 3

=2   
2 3 0 Y
1 1 1 The given curves intersect at (1, 1) and (1, 1).
= 2   = sq. units  Required area
 2 3 3
621
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

1 2
1
 46. Y
= 2  d x   x 2 dx 
 0 (1  x ) (2, 2)
2
0 
  x3  
1
1

= 2 2  tan 1 x  0     x2 + y2 = 4x
  3  0 
X X
   2 O (2,0) (4,0)
= 2  2   0     0   =  
1
 4  3  3
Y x2
44. y
4a y2 = 2x
8a 3 Y 2
y (2) 2
x 2  4a 2 (0, 2a) Required area =   2 x dx
4 0
(2a, a) (2a, a) 2
2 2  32  8
X X =  x  =  
O (2a, 0) 3  0 3
Y 47.
The given curves intersect at (–2a,a) and (2a,a). Y
(a, a)
 2a
8a 3
x 
2a 2
 Required area = 2   dx   dx  x2 + y2 = 2ax
 0 x  4a
2 2
0 4a 
 8a 
3
 x 
2a
1  x  
3 2a
X X
O (a, 0) (2a, 0)
= 2  tan 1       
 2a   2a   0 4a  3  0 
 1  8a 3 
= 2  4a 2  tan 1 1  0     0  Y
 4a  3  y2 = ax
a
  2a 2  a 2
4 0
2 4 Required area =  ax dx
= 2  4a 2 .   = a  2  
 4 3   3
a
45. The points of intersection of x2 + y2 = 1 and a 2 2 a  32 
=  x 
x + y = 1 are given by 4 3  0
x2 + (1  x)2 = 1
 2x (x  1) = 0  x = 0 or x = 1 a 2
2a 2
 2
=  = a2    sq. units.
When x = 0, y = 1 and when x = 1, y = 0 4 3  4 3
 the points of intersection are (0, 1) and (1, 0). 48.
Y y2 = 1  x Y
(0, 1) (0, 1)
x2+y2 = 1

(1, 0) (1, 0) (1, 0)

X X X
O
x+y=1
x2 + y2 = 1
(0, 1)
Required area
1
Y
=   1  x 2  (1  x)  dx 1
1
 
0 Required area =   2  1  x dx
1 2
 x 1  x 2 1 1 x2 
0
=  + sin x  x +   3 
1

 2 2 2 
0   1  x  2   4  4
1 π 1 π 1
= 2
3  =  (0  1) = 
2    2 3 2 3
= . –1+ = –
2 2 2 4 2  2 0

622
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral
49. Y y = 4x – 1 1
 4x3 – 2x = 0  x = 
(0, 1) 2
1  Y
 ,1
2 

y = x4 – x2
X X
O
 1 1 
 1  , 
 0,   8 2 
 2
y2 = 2x X X

Y 1 1
x= x=
2 Y 2
y2
Putting x = in y = 4x – 1, we get
2 1
2
 y2 
y = 4   – 1  2y2 – y  1 = 0 Required area = 2   x 4  x 2  dx
 2  0
1
1  x5 x3  2
 (y  1) (2y + 1) = 0  y = 1, = 2  
2 5 3 0
1 1
 y 1 y2
 required area =    d y   2 dy  
1/ 2 
4  1 1
1/ 2
= 2  
 3
   
5
1 1
1y  1y   5 2 3 2 
2 3

=   y   
4 2  1/ 2 2  3  1/ 2  
2  1 1
1  1 1   1   1  1 1  =  
 3
    1        2  
3 2
=
4  2 8   2   2  3 24   5 2 

1  15  1  9  15 3 9 1  1 1 7
=     =   =   =
4  8  2  24  32 16 32 2 10 3  30 2
But, area cannot be negative.
50. y = x4 – x2
7
dy  Required area =
 = 4x3 – 2x 30 2
dx
dy
for minimum, =0
dx
Evaluation Test

1. Y 0 
x=– x= =  | sin x | dx   | sin x | dx
 0
0 
=    sin x  dx   sin x dx
 0
X X
O =  cos x    cos x 0
0 

Y = cos0  cos()  (cos  cos0)

 = 1  (1)  ( 1  1)
Required area =  | sin x | dx = 1 + 1  (2)
 = 4 sq. units
623
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Y Y
2. 5  2   2  1
= sin 1    cos 1   
 2  5  5  2
y=
2
y = sin1x ….  sin 1 x  cos 1 1  x 2 
O  
X X
5  1  5 1 
 =       sq.unit
y= 2 2 2  4 2
2
x=0 4. Y
Y
y = sin1 x
 x = sin y
  B(0,1)
2 2 y=x–1 y=x–1
Required area = 2 x dy = 2 sin y dy
0 0
X X
(–1, 0) O A(1,0)
= 2  cos y 0
/ 2

= 2(0  1) = 2 sq.units y=x+1 y = – x +1

(0, –1)
Y
3.

y=x+1 y = 5  x2 Y of  OAB)
Required area = 4 (area
1
(1, 2)
= 4  y dx
(2, 1) 0
1
= 4   x  1dx
X X 0
(1, 0) O (1, 0) (2, 0) 1
  x2 
=4   x  = 2 sq. units
 2 0
Y 5. The given equation can be written as
2 1 x2  6x + 9 + y2 – 4y + 4 = 9 + 4 – 12
Required area =  5  x 2 dx –  (1  x) dx  (x  3)2 + (y  2)2 = 1
1 1 This is a circle with centre at (3, 2) and radius
2
1.
  ( x  1) dx Y
1
2 1 x = 5/2 y = x
x 5 x   x 
2
x=2
=  5  x 2  sin 1    x  
2 2 5  1  2  1 (x3)2 + (y2)2=1
2
 x2 
   x (2, 2)
2 1 (3, 2)
5  2   1 5  1 
=1+ sin1       2  sin 1    
2  5  2 2  5 
 1  1   1  X O X
 1    1      2  2   1
 2  2   2 
Y
5  2  5  1  1
= 1 + sin1   + 1 + sin1   2 –  Required area
2  5 2  5 2 5 5
2 2
5  1  2   1  1
=
2
sin 
 5
  sin 1   
 5  2
=  x dx   2 
2 2
1  ( x  3) 2 dx 


624
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral

 x2 
5/ 2
|x| = 1  x = 1 or x = 1
=     2 x 2
5/2
1
 2 2
5/ 2
Required Area =  cos x dx
 x  3  1 1  x  3   1
 1  ( x  3)  sin 
2
+   1
 2  2  1  2
= 2 cos x dx
 1
 0
1  25  5   2 1
=   4  2  2 +   1 ….[ cos x is an even fn]
2 4  2   2  4
  = 2 sin x 0
1

1  1  1 
+ sin–1      0  sin 1 (1)  = 2(sin 1  0)
2  2   2 
= 2 sin 1
9 1 3 1  1 
= 1        
8 4 2 2 6  2 2  8. Y
1 3    3 1
=    =    sq.unit
8 8 4 12  6 8  y = cos x
y = sin x
5 3
6. The point of intersection of the curve y = 2x  x2 X
4 2 X
and the line y = x are (0, 0) and (3, 3). O 
Y 4
x=3

Y
(2, 0)
X X Required area
O (3, 0)
3
2
=  | cos x  sin x | dx
0

 5
(3, –3) 4 4
=  (cos x  sin x)dx +  (sin x  cos x)dx
2
y = 2x – x
Y
 Required area 0 
4
3
=  [(2 x  x 2 )  ( x)]dx 3
2
+  (cos x  sin x)dx
0
3
3
 3x 2 x3  9 5
=  (3 x  x ) dx = 
2
  = sq. unit 4
0  2 3 0 2
= sin x  cos x 0   cos x  sin x  / 4
/ 4 5  /4

7. Y
+ sin x  cos x 5  /4
3 / 2

(0, 1) 1 1  1 1  1 1 
=  (0 + 1)       
2 2  2 2  2 2 
y = cos x
 1 1 
X X
+ (1) + 0     
   O    2 2
  ,0  ,0
 2  2  = 2 1+ 2 + 2 –1 + 2
x = 1 x=1

Y 
= 4 2  2 sq.unit 
625
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
9. Y 11.
Y x=1
y = x2 + 2 y2 = 4a2(x – 1)
y = 4a
(0, 4a)
y=x

(0, 2) O X
(1, 0) (5, 0)

X X
O
x=3
Y
Y
4a
 y2 
3 Required area = 0  4a 2  1  1 dy
Required area =  ( x 2  2  x)dx
4a
1  y3 
0 4a
y2
 x3
3 =  2 dy =  
x2  4a 4a 2  3  0
=   2x   0
3 2 0
1 1
=   (64a3 – 0)
9 21 2
4a 3
=9+6 0= sq. unit
2 2 16a
= sq. units
10. Y 3
2
x=2–y–y
1 12. Y

X X y2 =  x + 1 (0, 1) y2 = x + 1
O

–2 X X
(–1, 0) O (1, 0)

Y

Putting x = 0 in the given equation, we get (0, –1)

y = 1 or y = 2
1 1
Y
  x dy =  (2  y  y
2
Required Area = )dy
2 2
Required area
0 1
1
 y y3 
2
= 2  x  1 dx + 2   x  1 dx
= 2 y    1
 2 3  2 0
1
2    x  1 
3/ 2
1 1  8 2 3/ 2 0
= 2     4  2   = 2.  x  1  + 2.  
2 3  3 3  1 3  1  0

1 1 8 4 4
=2  +6– = 
2 3 3 3 3
1 9 8
= 8 – 3 – = sq.units = sq. units
2 2 3

626
 Chapter 06: Applications of Definite Integral
13. x = 1
The equation x2 + 4y2 = 4 is of ellipse with
Y centre at origin and the equation 4y2 = 3x is of
a parabola with vertex at origin.
y = x2 + x + 1
D(1, 3) Solving the equations, we get x2 + 3x  4 = 0
C
 (x + 4)(x  1) = 0
B
But x =  4 is not possible, since both points
of intersection lie on the right hand side of
X X
A y=0 O Y-axis.
3
 x = 1 and y = ±
Y 2
 3
2 dy  The points of intersection are A  1,  and
y=x +x+1 = 2x + 1
dx  2 
 dy   3
   = 2(1) + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3 B  1,  .
 dx (1,3)  2 
 The equation of the tangent at the point (1, 3)  Required area
is y  3 = 3(x  1) i.e., y = 3x. 3
 It passes through origin. 2

 Required area =  x 2  x1  dy
 3
= area of the region OABCO + area of the 2
region OCDO 3
0 1 2
 4 y2 
 y dx   ( y1  y2 ) dx   
2
= = 4 4 y  dy
1 0  3
3 
0 1 2

 (x  x  1) dx   ( x  x  1  3 x)dx
2 2
= 3

1 0  2
4 y2 
0 1 = 2   4  4 y2   dy
0 
3 
 (x  x  1) dx   ( x 2  2 x  1) dx
2
=
1 0 ….[ the function is even]
0 1
x x 
3
x 2
 3
3 3
=    x     x2  x  2 2
3 2  1  3 0 8
= 4  1  y 2 dy 
3 0
y 2 dy
 1 1  1 0
= 0      1   1  1  0 3
 3 2  3 3
 2 8y  2
3
y 1
4 1 1 83 2 7 = 4  1  y 2  sin 1 ( y )    
=   = = sq. unit 2 2 0 3  3 0
3 2 3 6 6
14. Y  3 1  3  8 3 3 
2
=2  sin 1    0      0 
4y = 3x  2 4  2   3  3  8 

 3  3  8 3 3
x2 + 4y2 = 4 A 1,  = 2   
 2   4 3 9 8

X X 2 2 3 3
O =  
3 4 3
B 2 2 3
= 
 3 3 12
1,  
 2   2 1 
=   sq. unit
Y  3 2 3
627
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
15. Y 
y = x2 + x
 1 4

   cos y 0
/ 4
=    sin y dy =
4 2 0 4 2
   1 
=   1  sq. units
x=1  4 2  2 

X X
O 1 18. Y

(y –2)2 = x – 1
(2, 3)
Y
dy
Slope of tangent = = 2x + 1
dx x –2y + 4 = 0
 y =  (2 x  1)dx = x2 + x + c
The curve passes through the point (1, 2). X Q X
O R
 2 = 12 + 1 + c  c=0 (–4, 0) (5, 0)
 The equation of the curve is y = x2 + x, which
is a parabola as shown in the figure. Y
1
 x3 x2 
1
The equation of the parabola is
 Required area =  ( x 2  x)dx =    (y  2)2 = x  1
0 3 2 0
1 1
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get
=  0 dy
3 2 2(y  2) =1
5 dx
= sq. unit
6 dy 1
 =
16. Draw AP  to X-axis. dx 2( y  2)
1 a3  dy  1 1
A1 = A(OAP) =  a  a2 =   
2 2  
 dx (2,3) 2(3  2) 2
A2 = Area bounded the curve OA and the lines
OP and AP 1
 Equation of tangent is y  3 = (x  2)
a a
 x3 
a
a3 2
 y dx =  x
2
= dx =     2y  6 = x  2
0 0  3 0 3
 x  2y + 4 = 0
a3 a3 a3
 Required area = A1  A2 =   sq. unit It cuts the X-axis at the point Q (4, 0) and the
2 3 6
Y parabola cuts the X-axis at the point R(5, 0).
17. 3
y = sin1x  required area = x
0
1  x2  dy

3
=  ( y  2) 2  1  (2 y  4)  dy
   1 
 0,  C B ,  0
 4  2 4 3

 y  6 y  9  dy
2
X X =
O  1  0
A ,0 
 2   y3 
3

=   3y2  9 y
Y 3 0
Required area
= 9 – 27 + 27 – 0
= area of the rectangle OABC
= 9 sq. units
 area of the region OBCO
628
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
18. s = 2t3  9t2 + 12t  f (a + h)  f (a) + h f (a)

ds
= 6t2  18t + 12 1
 5  (0.2)  
dt  10 
d 2s  5 + 0.02
 2 = 12t  18 = acceleration
dt  25.2  5.02
When acceleration of the particle will be zero,
1
12t  18 = 0 24. Let f(x) = x 3
3
 t = sec 1 2 1
2  f  (x) = x 3  2
3
Hence, the acceleration of the particle will be 3x 3
3 Here, a = 27 and h = 2
zero after sec.
2  f (a + h)  f(a) + h f (a)
ds 2 1
 1 
19. s=
1 2 ds
gt  = gt  2 = g   27  3  2  2 
2 dt dt  3(27) 3 
 the acceleration of the stone is uniform.
 1 
dr 3+2  
20. =3  27 
dt
 3 + 0.07407
dA dr
A = r2 
1
= 2r   29  3  3.07407
dt dt
 dA  2 25. If Rolle’s theorem is true for any function
  = 2  10  3 = 60 cm /sec
 dt  r 10 f(x) in [a,b].
Then f(a) = f(b)
21. A = s2 Only option (B) satisfies this condition.
dA ds
 =2s 26. According to Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
dt dt
in interval [a, b] for f(x),
dA
 = 2  10  0.5 = 2  5 = 10 cm2/sec f (b)  f (a)
dt f (c) = , where a  c  b
ba
x2  a  x1  b
22. V = 5x –
6 27. f(x) = 2  3x
dV dx x dx  f (x) =  3 < 0
 =5 – .
dt dt 3 dt  f(x) is a decreasing function.
dV 28. f(x) = x2  f (x) = 2x
dx dt For increasing function,
 =
dt  x f (x) > 0
5  
 3  2x  0
 dx  5 15  x  (0, )
  = = cm/sec
 dt  x  2 2 13 29. f(x) = ax + b
5
3  f (x) = a
For f(x) to be decreasing,
23. Let f(x) = x
f (x) < 0
1
 f (x) = a<0
2 x
30. f(x) = 5–x
Here, a = 25 and h = 0.2
log e 5
 f (a) = f (25) = 25 = 5  f (x) = – 5– x loge 5 = –
5x
1 1
and f (a) = f (25) =   f (x) < 0 for all x
2 25 10 i.e., f(x) is decreasing for all x.
460
 Textbook
Chapter No.

07 Differential Equations
Hints

Classical Thinking 9. y = a cos (x + b) .....(i)

2
ds dy
1. Here, the highest order derivative is with   a sin( x  b)
dt 2 dx
power 2. d2 y
 = a cos(x + b) = y ....[From (i)]
 order = 2 and degree = 2 dx 2
d2 y d2 y
2. Here, the highest order derivative is with  +y=0
dx 2
dx 2
power 3.
 order = 2 and degree = 3 10.
1
y = cesin x ....(i)
d2 y dy 1
3. Here, the highest order derivative is 2 with 
1
= cesin x .
dx
dx 1  x2
power 3.
 order = 2 and degree = 3 dy y
 = ....[From (i)]
d3 y dx 1  x2
4. Here, the highest order derivative is with
dx 3
11. y = (x + k)ex ....(i)
power 1.
 order = 3 and degree = 1 dy
 = (x + k) ex + ex
5. In option (B), y is the highest order dx
derivative, of order 2. dy
 = y + ex ....[From (i)]
 option (B) is the correct answer. dx
d4 y dy
6. Here, the highest order derivative is with  + y = ex
dx 4 dx
power 1.
12. x2y = a
 order = 4 and degree = 1
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
7. y = 4 sin 3x ....(i)
dy

dy
= 12 cos 3x
x2  2 xy  0
dx dx
d2 y
dy 2y
 = 36 sin 3x = 9  4 sin 3x = 9y  + =0
dx
2 dx x
....[From (i)] 13. x2 + y2 = a2
2
d y Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
 + 9y = 0
dx 2 dy dy
8. y = A sin x + B cos x ….(i) 2x + 2y =0x+y =0
dx dx
dy
 = A cos x  B sin x dy
dx 14. x2 =2
d2 y dx
 2 =  A sin x  B cos x Integrating on both sides, we get
dx
= (A sin x + B cos x) 2
=y ….[From (i)]  dy   x 2 dx + c
d2 y 2
 +y=0 y= +c
dx 2 x

630
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
45. f(x) = 2x3  3x2  12x + 4 1 1 8a 2
 Slope of the normal =  =  2 =  2
 f (x) = 6x2  6x  12 dy 3x 3x
For maximum or minimum, dx 8a 2

f (x) = 0  x2  x  2 = 0  x = 2, 1 According to the given condition,

Now, f (x) = 12x  6
8a 2 2
 f (2) = 18 > 0 and f (1) = 18 < 0 
3x 2 3
 the given function has one maximum and one
minimum.   4a = x2
2

 x = 2a
46. y = 1  cos x
From (i), 8a3  8a2y = 0  y = a
 y = sin x
For maximum or minimum,  the required point is (2a, a).
y = 0  sin x = 0  x = 0,  4. x2 = 3  2y ….(i)
Now, y = cos x Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
 y (0) = 1 > 0 and y () = 1 < 0
dy dy
 y is maximum when x = . 2 x  2   x
dx dx
Critical Thinking  Slope of the tangent = x
Slope of the given line is 1.
1. xy = 15
Since, the tangent is parallel to the given line.
15
 y=  x = 1  x = 1
x
From (i), y = 1
15
 y =  2  the required point is (1, 1).
x
15 5. y = 6x  x2 ….(i)
At (3, 5), y = 
9 dy
 = 6  2x
9 dx
 Slope of normal at (3,5) =
15 Slope of the given line is 2.
9 Since, the tangent is parallel to the given line.
  = tan1  
 15   6  2x = 2  x = 2
2. 2
x = 2y From (i), y = 8
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get  the point of tangency will be (2, 8).
2dy 6. Let the coordinates of P be (x1, y1).
2x =
dx
Then, y1 = 2x12  x1 + 1 ....(i)
dy
 x 2
Now, y = 2x  x + 1
dx
dy
 dy   = 4x  1
   1   1 dx
 dx 1, 
 2  dy 
 tan  = 1    = 4x1  1
 dx ( x1 , y1 )
  = 45 ….[ tan 45 = 1]
Slope of the given line is 3.
3 2
3. x  8a y = 0 ....(i) Since, the tangent is parallel to the given line.
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  slope of the tangent = 3
dy  4x1  1 = 3
3x2  8a2 =0
dx  x1 = 1
dy 3x 2 From (i), y1 = 2
 = 2
dx 8a  the coordinates of P are (1, 2).
462
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
dy  dy 
27. = x log x  dy = x log xdx 31. log    x  y
dx  dx 
Integrating on both sides, we get dy
 = ex+y
 dy =  x log xdx + c dx
dy
x2 x2  = ex.ey
y= log x + c dx
2 4 Integrating on both sides, we get
dy
 e dx   e dy  c
x y
28. = (x + y)2 ....(i)
dx
 ex + ey = c
Put x + y = v ....(ii)
dy dv 1
 = 1 ....(iii) 32. Here, P = and Q = x2
dx dx x
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get 1
I.F.= e  x = elog x = x
dx

dv
 1 = v2  solution of the given equation is
dx
y.x =  x 2 .x dx  c1
dv
 = v2 + 1
dx x4
 xy = + c1  4 xy = x4 + c, where c = 4 c1
dv 4
 2 = dx
v 1 dy dy 3y
Integrating on both sides, we get 33. x + 3y = x  + =1
dx dx x
tan1 v = x + c  v = tan(x + c) 1
3  dx
 x + y = tan(x + c)  I.F. = e x = e3log x = x3
dy y  solution of the given equation is
29.   x3  3 x4
dx x yx3 =  x 3 .1dx + c  yx3 = + c
This is the linear differential equation of the 4
form dy y
dy 1 34.   sin x
 P. y  Q , where P = dx x
dx x 1
I.F. = e x = elogx = x
dx
1 
I.F. = e  = e
Pdx dx
 x
= elogx = x  solution of the given equation is
30. The given equation is of the form y.x =  x sin x dx + c
dy
+ Py = Q.  yx = – x cos x + sin x + c
dx  x(y + cos x) = sin x + c
1
Here, P = and Q = 1 dy
3 35.  y  cos x
1 x dx
I.F. = e 3 = e 3
dx
 Here, P = 1 and Q = cos x

I.F. = e  = ex
solution of the given equation is 1dx

y  I.F. = Q(I.F.)dx  c
  solution of the given equation is
y.ex =  cos x .e dx  c
x x x

 y. e = 1.e dx  c
3
 3

e x (cos x  sin x)
x x  y.ex = c
 y. e = 3e + c
3 3 2
x 1
 y= (cos x +sin x) + c.e–x
 y = 3 + c. e 3
2
632
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
dy 1
36. cos x  y sin x  1 4.
d 2 y  dy  3 1
    x4  0
dx 2
dx  dx 
dy
 + y tan x = sec x 3
   dy  3 
1
1 3
dx  d2 y
  2  x    
4

 dx    dx  
I.F.  e
tan xdx
 = elogsec x = sec x
 solution of the given equation is  d2 y 1
 dy
3

  x 4
 
y sec x =  sec 2 x  c  tan x  c  d x 2
 dx
d2 y
I.F. = e  = e
Pdx cot xdx
log sin x Here, the highest order derivative is with
37. =e = sin x dx 2
 solution of the given equation is power 3.
y.sin x =  2cos x sin x dx + c1  order = 2 and degree = 3
1/4
d 2 y   dy  
2
 y sin x =  sin 2 x dx  c1 5.  y 
   
1 dx 2   dx  
 y sin x =  cos 2x + c1 4
2  d 2 y   
4
dy 
2 1/ 4


 2y sin x + cos 2x = c, where c = 2 c1   2     y     
 dx     dx   
Critical Thinking  d2 y 
4
 dy 
2

3 6
 2 
 y 
 dx   dx 
1/2
 d 2 y   dy   d2 y  dy
1.  2   1     2   1  d2 y
 dx   dx   dx  dx Here, the highest order derivative is with
d2 y dx 2
Here, the highest order derivative is with power 4.
dx 2
 order = 2 and degree = 4
power 6.
6. Since, the given differential equation cannot
 degree = 6
be expressed as a polynomial in differential
d2 y  dy 
3 coefficients, the degree is not defined.
2.  1   = 0
dx 2
 dx  dy dy
7.  4  7x  0
2 dx dx
 d2 y    dy  
2 3
2
 2 
   1     dy   dy 
2

 dx    dx        4  7 x 
 dx   dx 
2 3
 d2 y   dy  dy  dy 
2
dy
 2 
 1    = 16    56 x  49 x 2
 dx   dx  dx  dx  dx
d2 y This is a differential equation of order 1 and
Here, the highest order derivative is with
dx 2 degree 2.
power 2.
d2 y dy
 degree = 2 8.  3  x
dx 2 dx
3
2 2
d2 y  dy  2
2
 d2 y   dy 
3. 3 2 = 1       x     3 
dx   dx    dx
2
  dx 
3 2
 d2 y 
2
  dy 2   d2 y  d2 y dy
 9 = 1        2 x.  x2  3
2  2 2
 dx    dx    dx  dx dx

d2 y d2 y
Here, the highest order derivative is with Here, the highest order derivative is with
dx 2 dx 2
power 2. power 2.
 degree = 2  degree = 2
633
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
3/ 4 1/3 5 3 2
  dy  2   d2 y   d2 y   d3 y   d 2 y   d3 y  d3 y
9. 1      2   2

 2  . 3   4  2    3  = x  1 . 3
dx

  dx    dx   dx   dx   dx   dx 
4 d3 y
 2

3/ 4
  d2 y  4/3 Here, the highest order derivative is with
  dy   dx 3
  1       2 
   dx     dx  power 2.
 order = 3 and degree = 2
3 3
 2 3 
 dy      d y   m = 3 and n = 2
2 4/3

  1         2  
   dx      dx   13. Option (A) has order = 4, degree = 1
9
Option (B) has order = 3, degree = 4
4
  dy 2   d 2 y  Consider option (C),
 1       2  2/3
  dx    dx    dy  3  d3 y
1     = 4 3
d2 y   dx   dx
Here, the highest order derivative is with
dx 2 Cubing on both sides, we get
power 4. 2 3
 degree = 4   dy  3  3 d y
3
1     = 4  3 
2
  dx    dx 
dy  dy 
10. y = x  a 2    b2 Here, order = 3 and degree = 3
dx  dx   option (C) is the correct answer.
2
dy  dy  14. Since, the given equation has 3 arbitrary
y x = a 2    b2
dx  dx  constants i.e., g, f and c, therefore order of the
Squaring on both sides, we get given differential equation is 3.

dy  dy   dy 
2 2
15. Since, the given equation has 3 arbitrary
y2  2xy + x2   = a2   + b2 constants i.e., a, b and c, therefore order of the
dx  dx   dx  given differential equation is 3.
This is a differential equation of order 1 and
degree 2. 16. The equation of a family of circles of radius r
passing through the origin and having centre
4/5
  d 2 y 3   m  d3 y on Y-axis is (x  0)2 + (y – r)2 = r2
11. 1   2   =  3 or x2 + y2  2ry = 0.
  dx    m  1  dx Since this equation has one arbitrary constant,
 3 4/5 
5 its order is 1.
 d2 y   
5 5
  m   d3 y 
  1   2    =    3 17. The equation of the family of circles which
   dx     m 1   dx  touch both the axes is (x  a)2 + (y  a)2 = a2,
4 where a is a parameter.
  d 2 y 3  5
 m   d3 y 
5
Since this equation has one arbitrary constant,
 1   2   =    3
  dx    m 1   dx  its order is 1.

d3 y 18. y = aemx + bemx ....(i)

Here, the highest order derivative is with dy
dx 3  = maemx  mbemx
power 5. dx
 order = 3 and degree = 5 d2 y
 = m2aemx + m2bemx
3 dx 2
 d2 y 
 2 d2 y
 d2 y 
5
 = m2(aemx + bemx) = m2y ....[From (i)]
 dx   d y  x 2  1
3
2
12.  2  4 dx
 dx   d 3 y  dx3 d2 y
 3   m2y = 0
 dx  dx 2
634
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get dy b  ax
dy   e
(1 + x2) + 2xy = 1 dx a
dx x
 dy  b  a1  y1
dy 1  2 xy     e  ....[From (i)]
 =  dx  x1 , y1  a a
dx 1  x2
 dy  1  equation of the tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) is
   = 
 dx (2,0) 5  y1
y  y1 = ( x  x1 )
 equation of the tangent at (2, 0) is a
1 x y x
y  0 =  (x  2)    1 1
5 a y1 a
 x + 5y = 2 x y
Comparing this equation with   1, we get
a b
21. Since, the given curve crosses the Y-axis, x = 0
 y = be0  y = b x1
y1  b and 1   1  x1  0
 the given curve crosses the Y-axis at (0, b). a

x  the required point is (0, b).
Now, y = be a
24. When x = 0,
dy b x
  e a y = (1 + 0)y + sin1 (0)  y = 1
dx a
Now, y = (1 + x)y + sin1(sin2 x)
 dy  b
    dy  dy y  sin 2 x
 dx (0, b) a   (1  x) y  log(1  x)  
dx  dx 1 x  1  sin 4 x
 the equation of the tangent at (0, b) is
 dy 
b    =1
y  b =  (x  0)  dx  (0,1)
a
 the equation of the normal at (0, 1) is
x y
  =1 y  1 =  1(x  0)  x + y = 1
a b
22. y = e2x 25. Let (x1, y1) be the point on the curve
y = 2x2 + 7, where the tangent is parallel to the
dy
  2e 2 x line 4x  y + 3 = 0.
dx Then, y1 = 2x12 + 7 ....(i)
 dy  Now, y = 2x2 + 7
   2
 dx (0,1) dy
 = 4x
 equation of the tangent at (0, 1) is dx
y  1 = 2(x  0)  dy 
 y = 2x + 1    = 4x1
 dx ( x1 , y1 )
This tangent meets X-axis,  y = 0
Slope of the given line is 4.
1
 0 = 2x + 1  x =  Since, the tangent is parallel to the given line.
2
 slope of the tangent = 4
 1   4x1 = 4
 the required point is   , 0 .
 2   x1 = 1
23. Let the required point be ( x1 , y1 ). From (i), y1 = 9
x1
 the coordinates of the point are (1, 9).

 y1  be a
….(i)  Equation of the tangent at (1, 9) is

x y  9 = 4 (x  1)
Now, y  be a
 4x  y + 5 = 0
465
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
27. The equation of the family of lines passing  dy 
31. log    x  y
through (1, 1) is  dx 
y + 1 = m (x  1) dy dy
 y = m(x  1)  1 ….(i)  = ex+y  = ex.ey
dx dx
dy Integrating on both sides, we get
 =m
dx
 e dx   e
x y
dy  c
Substituting the value of m in (i), we get
dy  ex + ey = c
y= (x  1)  1
dx
32. x cos ydy = (xex log x + ex )dx
cx
28. y = x.e
 cos ydy = e x  log x  1  dx
Taking logarithm on both sides, we get  x
log y = log x + cx ….(i) Integrating on both sides, we get
1 y sin y = ex log x + c
 c = log ….(ii)
x x
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x, we get dy
33. = 2 y x
1 dy 1 dx
 = +c
y dx x dy 2 y
 =
1 dy 1 1  y dx 2 x
  = + log   ….[From (ii)] Integrating on both sides, we get
y dx x x x
2 dy   2 x dx = c1
–y
dy y   y 
 = 1 log   
dx x   x  2 –y 2 –x
  = c1
log 2 log 2
29. The system of circles which passes through
origin and whose centre lies on Y  axis is 1 1
 x
 y = c1 log 2
x2 + y2  2ay = 0 ....(i) 2 2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 1 1
 x  y = c, where c = c1 log 2
dy dy 2 2
2x + 2y  2a = 0
dx dx
dy dy
 2a = 2y + 2x
dx
....(ii) 34. + 2xy = y  = y (1  2x)
dy
dx dx
Integrating on both sides, we get
Substituting (ii) in (i), we get
dy
x2 + y2  2y2  2xy
dx
=0  y =  (1 2 x)dx  c1
dy
dy  log y = x  x2 + c1
2 2
 (x  y )  2xy = 0 2
dx  y = e x  x .ec1
2
 y = c. ex  x , where c  e 1
c
dy
30. = exy + x2ey
dx dy 1  cos x x
dy 35. = = tan2
 = ey(ex + x2) dx 1  cos x 2
dx
 x 
Integrating on both sides, we get  dy =  sec2  1 dx
 2 
 e dy   (e  x 2 )dx  c
y x
Integrating on both sides, we get
x3 x
 ey = ex + +c y = 2 tan x + c
3 2
636
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
dy 1  cos 2 y 42. (ey + 1) cos x dx + ey sin x dy = 0
36.  =0
dx 1  cos 2 x ey cos x
 y dy + dx = 0
dy 2cos 2 y e 1 sin x
 + =0
dx 2sin 2 x Integrating on both sides, we get
dy dx ey cos x
 
cos y sin 2 x
2
=0
 e y 1 dy +  sin x dx = log c
Integrating on both sides, we get  log(ey + 1) + log(sin x) = log c
 sec y dy +  cosec x dx = c
2 2
 (ey + 1)sin x = c
 tan y  cot x = c
43. y dx + (1 + x2) tan1x dy = 0
37. x(e  1)dy  ( x  1)e dx  0
2y 2 y
Integrating on both sides, we get
 x (e2y  1) dy = (1  x2) ey dx dx dy
Integrating on both sides, we get  (1 x 2 ) tan 1 x +  y = log c
e 2 y 1 1 x 2
 ey d y=  x dx+ c  log (tan1x) + log y = log c
1  log (tan1x.y) = log c
  e y dy   e y dy =  dx   x dx  c  y tan1x = c
x
2
x 44. 3ex tan y dx + (1  ex) sec2y dy = 0
 ey + ey = log x  +c
2 sec 2 y ex
38. x2dy = 2xydx  dy = 3 dx
tan y 1 ex
dy 2x
 =  2 dx Integrating on both sides, we get
y x
sec 2 y ex
Integrating on both sides, we get  dy = 3  dx + log c
tan y 1  ex
2x dy
x 2
dx  
y
= log c  log(tan y) = 3 log(1 ex) + log c
 log x2 + log y = log c  log (tan y) = log [(1  ex)3 c]
 log x2y = log c  x2y = c  tan y = c(1  ex)3
39. cot y dx = x dy
45. (sin x + cos x)dy + (cos x  sin x) dx = 0
Integrating on both sides, we get
cos x  sin x 
dx  dy =    dx
 x =  tan y dy  log c  sin x  cos x 

 log x = log (sec y) + log c Integrating on both sides, we get

 log x = log (c.sec y)  x = c sec y y =  log(sin x + cos x) + log c
 y = log  
dy c
40. = cot x cot y 
dx  sin x  cos x 
 cot x dx  tan y dy = 0  ey (sin x + cos x) = c
Integrating on both sides, we get
log (sin x)  log (sec y) = log c dy xy  y
46. =
 sin x  dx xy  x
 log   = log c  sin x = c sec y
 sec y  1 y  1 x 
  dy =   dx
dy dx  y   x 
41. x sec y = 1 sec ydy =
dx x Integrating on both sides, we get
Integrating on both sides, we get log y  y  log x  x  log A
log(sec y + tan y) = log x + log c
 log (sec y + tan y ) = log (cx)  y  xy
 log   = x  y  y = Axe
 sec y + tan y = cx  Ax 
637
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
dy dy 2  2log(y  1) + log (1  x2) = 2log c + 2log y
47. x + y = y2  x =y y
dx dx  log[(y  1)2 (1  x2)] = log c2y2
dy dx  (y  1)2 (1  x2) = c2y2
 2 =
y y x
dy
 1 1 dx 51. ( x 2  yx 2 )  y 2  xy 2 = 0
    dy = dx
 y 1 y  x
dy
Integrating on both sides, we get  x2(1  y) + y2(1 + x) = 0
dx
log(y  1)  log y = log x + log c
(1  y ) (1  x)
 y 1  dy + dx = 0
 log   = log (x c) y 2
x2
 y 
y 1
Integrating on both sides, we get
 = xc  y = 1 + cxy
y  1 1  1 1
  y 2
  dy    2   dx  c
y x x
48. (2y  1) dx  (2x + 3) dy = 0
Integrating on both sides, we get 1 1
  log y  + log x = c
dx dy y x
 2 x  3   2 y 1 = log c1
 x 1 1
1 1  log   = + +c
 log(2x + 3)  log(2y  1) = log c1  y x y
2 2
 log (2x + 3)  log (2y  1) = 2 log c1 dy
52. tan y = sin(x + y) + sin(x  y)
 2x  3  dx
 log    log c1
2

 2 y  1  dy sin y
  = 2 sin x cos y
2x  3 2 dx cos y
 = c, where c = c1
2 y 1 sin y
 dy = 2 sin x dx
49. (x  y2x) dx = (y  x2y) dy cos 2 y
 x(1  y2) dx = y(1  x2)dy Integrating on both sides, we get
Integrating on both sides, we get sin y
x y  cos2 y dy  2  sin x dx = c
 1  x 2 dx   1  y 2 dy = log c
1
1 1  + 2 cos x = c
  log (1 – x2) + log (1 – y2) = log c cos y
2 2
 log (1  y )  log (1  x2) = 2 log c
2  sec y + 2 cos x = c
1  y2 dy 1  y 2
 = c2 53. =
1  x2 dx 1  x 2
 1  y2 = c2 (1  x2)
dy dx
50. (1  x2)dy + xydx = xy2dx  2
 =0
1 y 1 x 2
 (1  x2)dy = x(y2  y) dx
Integrating on both sides, we get Integrating on both sides, we get
dy x dy dx
 1  y 2   1  x 2 = tan c
1
 y ( y 1) =  1 x 2 dx + log c
 1 1 1 2 x  tan1y  tan1x = tan1c
    dy =  dx  log c
 y 1 y  2 1  x2  y x 
 tan1  1
 = tan c
1  1  xy 
 log (y  1)  log y = log (1  x 2 )  logc
2  y  x = c(1 + xy)
638
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
3 da
40. Radius of balloon = r = (2x + 3) 44. = 60cm/sec where a is edge and t is time.
4 dt
dr 3 V = a3
 =
dx 2 dV da
 = 3a2
4 dt dt
V = r3
3 = 3a  60 = 180a2
2

dV 3
2
3 = 180  (90)2
 = 4   (2x + 3)2.
dx 4 2 = 1458000 cm3/sec.
27  4
= (2x + 3)2 45. V= (x + 10)3, where x is thickness of ice.
8 3
dr dV dx
41. Given, = 2 cm/sec, where r be the radius of   4(10  x ) 2
dt dt dt
circle and t be the time. dV
Now, area of circle is given by A = r2 But, = 50
dt
dA dr
 = 2r dx
dt dt  50 = 4 (10 + x)2
dt
dA
 = 2 . 20 .2 dx 50
dt At x = 5, =
4 10  5 
2
dt
dA
 = 80  cm2/sec
dt 50
=
 the rate of change of area of circle with 4(225)
respect to time is 80  cm2/sec.
1
42. Let r be the radius and V be the volume of the = cm/ min
18
spherical balloon at any time t. Then,
4 dx D
V = r3 46. = 0.5 cm/sec C
3 dt
dV dr x2
 = 4r2  Area = a
dt dt x
2
 dV   dr  dA 2 x dx
   = 4  (15)2     
 dt (r 15)  dt (r 15)  A B
dt 2 dt a
 dr  A  400cm 2 
 30 = 900    dA  1
 dt (r 15)   dt   800 ….  
  A  400 2  x  800 cm 
  
dV
 30ft 3 / min (given)    10 2 cm2/sec
 dt 
 dr  1 47. From the figure,
  = ft / min
 dt (r 15) 30 x x y
=
43. Let velocity V = 5 cm/sec 2 6
(Increasing the rate/sec is called the velocity) 1
 4x = 2y  x = y
da 2
=5 ….(i)
dt
But if a is edge of a cube, then V = a3
6
dV da 2
 = 3a2 = 3a2. 5
dt dt y x
= 15a2 = 15  (12)2 …[ edge a = 12 cm] dx 1 dy 5
3
 = = metre/hour
= 2160 cm /sec dt 2 dt 2
468
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Since, y(0) = 0 i.e., y = 0, when x = 0 dy
64. = ex + y  1 ….(i)
 tan1 (0) = 0 + c  c = 0 dx
x2 Put x + y = v ….(ii)
 tan1y = x + ….[From (i)] dy dv
2 1+ =
 x2  dx dx
 y = tan  x   dy dv
 2   = 1 ….(iii)
dx dx
62. y  y = 1 Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
dv
dy = ev
 y=1 dx
dx Integrating on both sides, we get
dy
 e dv =  dx + c
v
 =1+y
dx
Integrating on both sides, we get  e  v = x + c
dy  x + ev + c = 0
 1 y =  dx  c  x + e(x + y) + c = 0

 log(1 + y) = x + c dy
65.  sin( x  y ) ….(i)
Since, y(0) = 1 i.e., y = 1, when x = 0 dx
Put x + y = v ….(ii)
 log (1 + 1) = 0 + c  c = log 2
dy dv
 log (1 + y) = x + log 2   1 ….(iii)
dx dx
1 y  Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
 log   =x
 2  dv
 1  sin v
1 y dx
 = ex
2 dv 1  sin v
 = dx  dv  dx
 y = 2e x  1 1  sin v cos2 v
 y(x) = 2exp(x)  1 Integrating on both sides, we get
 sec vdv   sec v tan vdv   dx  c
2

63. edy/dx = (x + 1)
 tan v  sec v = x + c
dy
 = log(x + 1)  tan(x + y)  sec(x + y) = x + c
dx
Integrating on both sides, we get dy
66. = sin(x + y) tan (x + y)  1 ….(i)
dx
 dy =  log ( x 1)dx + c Put x + y = v ….(ii)
x dy dv
 y = x log (x + 1)   x+1 dx + c 1+
dx
=
dx
x+1 1 dy dv
 = 1 ….(iii)
= x log (x + 1)   x+1
dx + c dx dx
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
 1  dv dv sin 2 v
= x log (x + 1)    1   dx + c = sin v tan v  =
 x+1  dx dx cos v
 y = x log (x + 1)  x + log (x + 1) + c ….(i) Integrating on both sides, we get
Since, y(0) = 3 i.e., y = 3, when x = 0 cos v  1 
 3=0+cc=3  dx   sin 2 v dv = c  x    sin v  = c
 y = x log (x + 1) + log (x + 1)  x + 3 ….[Put sin v = t  cos v dv = dt]
….[From (i)]  x + cosec v = c
 y = (x + 1) log (x + 1)  x + 3  x + cosec(x + y) = c
640
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
dy Integrating on both sides, we get
67. = cos (x + y) + sin (x + y) ….(i) dx
dx dv
Put x + y = v ….(ii)  v log v =  x + log c
dy dv  log(log v) = log x + log c
1+ =
....  Put log v  t  dv  dt 
dx dx 1
dy dv  v 
 = 1 ….(iii)
dx dx   y
 log v = xc  log   = cx
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get x
dv
 1 = cos v + sin v 70. (x + y) dx + x dy = 0
dx
dy x y
dv     ….(i)
 = 1 + cos v + sin v dx  x 
dx
Integrating on both sides, we get Put y = vx ….(ii)
dv dy dv
=  dx + c  v x ….(iii)
 1 cos v  sin v dx dx
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
dv
  1  tan 2 v/2 2 tan v/2
=x+c dv  x  vx
v x = =–1v
1  dx x
1  tan 2 v/2 1+ tan 2 v/2
dv
sec2 (v/2)  x =  1  2v
  2(1  tan v/2)
dv = x + c dx
Integrating on both sides, we get
 log 1 tan v/2 = x + c dv dx
x y  1  2v
  x
 log c1
 log 1  tan   =x+c
 2  1
 log (1 + 2v) = – log x + log c1
2
dy x 2  xy  y 2
68.  ….(i)  y c
dx x2  log  1  2   2log 1
Put y = vx ….(ii)  x x
2
dy dv x  2 y  c1 
 v x ….(iii)   
dx dx x x
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get 2
 x + 2xy = c12
dv x  vx  v x
2 2 2 2
2
v+x = 2
= 1 + v + v2  x2 + 2xy = c, where c = c1
dx x
dv dv dx dy x dy
x =1+v  2
= 71. x+y = 2y  + =2 ….(i)
dx 1 v 2
x dx y dx
Integrating on both sides, we get Put y = vx ….(ii)
tan1 v = log x + c dy dv
 =v+x ….(iii)
 y dx dx
 tan1   = log x + c
x  Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
1 dv
dy y  y  +v+x =2
69. =  log  1 ….(i) v dx
dx x  x 
dv 2v  1 v dx
Put y = vx ….(ii)  v + x. =  dv = 
dx v (v  1) 2
x
dy dv
 =v+x ….(iii) v 1 1 dx
dx dx  dv = 
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get (v  1) 2
x
dv dv  1 1  dx
v+x = v(log v + 1)  x = v log v    2 
dv = 
dx dx  (v  1) (v  1)  x
641
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
Integrating on both sides, we get dv 1  3v 2
 x = v
dv dv dx dx 2v
 v  1 +  (v  1)2 =   x  c
dv 1  v 2
 x =
1 dx 2v
 log(v  1)  =  log x + c
v 1 Integrating on both sides, we get
x 2v dx
 log(y  x) = +c
yx  1 v 2
dv  x
 log p

72. y2dx + (x2  xy + y2) dy = 0  log (1 + v2) = log x + log p

dy  y2  1  v2 
 = 2 ….(i)  log    log p
dx x  xy  y 2  x 
Put y = vx ….(ii) 1  v2 x2  y 2
dy dv  =p  =p
 =v+x ….(iii) x x3
dx dx
 x2 + y2 = p.x3
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
dv v2 x2 dy x
v+x = 2 74. = ….(i)
dx x  x.vx  v2 x 2 dx 2 y  x
dv  v2 Put y = vx ….(ii)
x = v
dx 1 v  v 2 dy dv
 v x ….(iii)
dv  v  v3 dx dx
x =
dx 1 v  v 2 Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
Integrating on both sides, we get dv x 1
v+x = =
v 2  v 1 dx dx 2vx  x 2v  1
 v(v2 1) dv =  x  c
dv 1 1  2v 2  v
 x = v =
1 1  dx dx 2v  1 2v  1
   2  dv =   x  c
 v v 1 dv (v  1)(2v  1)
x =
 log v  tan1 v =  log x + c dx 2v  1
 y  y (2v  1) dx
 log    tan1   =  log x + c  dv =
x x (2v  1)(v  1) x
 y dx
 log y = tan1   + c 1 4
x  + =
3(v  1) 3(2v  1) x
dy 2 Integrating on both sides, we get
73. 2xy = x + 3y2
dx 1 4 1
log(v  1) + . log(2v + 1)
dy x2  3 y 2 3 3 2
 = ….(i)
dx 2 xy =  log x + log c1
Put y = vx ….(ii) c
dy dv  log(v 1)1/3 + log(2v + 1)2/3 = log 1
 =v+x ….(iii) x
dx dx c
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get  (v  1)1/3(2v + 1)2/3 = 1
x
dv x 2  3v 2 x 2
v+ x =  y  x   2y  x  c13
2
dx 2 vx 2  =
  
 x   x  x3
dv x 2 (1  3v 2 )
 x = v  (x  y)(x + 2y)2 = c, where c = c13
dx 2 x2 v
642
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives

 x, x  0 66. Here, f(x) is continuous and differentiable on

62. f(x) = |x| =  (0, 1) for  > 0
  x, x  0
Also, f(0) = f(1) = 0
f (0  h)  f (0) For f(x) to be continuous at x = 0,
f (0) = lim
h 0 h lim f(x) = f(0)  lim x log x = 0
| h | h x  0 x  0
= lim = lim  1 log x
h 0  h h 0  h
 lim =0
f (0  h)  f (0) x  0 x 
f (0+) = lim Applying LHospital rule, we get
h 0 h
|h| h 1
= lim = lim  1 x = 0  lim  x = 0,

h 0 h h 0 h lim
x  0  x  0 
 f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.  1
x
63. f(x) = e–2x sin 2x which is possible only when  > 0
 f (x) = 2e–2x (cos2x – sin 2x)  option (D) is the correct answer.
Now, f (c) = 0
67. f (x) = loge x
 cos2c – sin2c = 0
 f (1) = loge 1 = 0,
 
 tan2c = 1  2c = c= 1
4 8 f (3) = loge 3 and f (x) =
x
64. f(x) = x3 – 6x2 + ax + b By Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
 f (x) = 3x2 – 12x + a f (3)  f (1)
f (c) =
 1  3 1
Now, f (c) = 0  f   2   =0
 3 1 log e 3  0 2
  c=  c = 2 log3 e
2 c 2 log e 3
 1   1 
 32   – 12  2   +a=0
 3  3 1
68. f(x) = x +
 1 4   1  x
 34    – 12  2  + a = 0
 3 3  3 10 1
 f(3) = , f(1) = 2 and f ( x)  1  2
3 x
 12 + 1 + 4 3 – 24 – 4 3 + a = 0
By Lagrange’s mean value theorem,
 a= 11
f (3)  f (1)
f (c) =
1
  x 3 1
65. f ( x)  x ( x  3)e 2
10
1 1 2
  x
 1   x 1 3 1 2
 f (x) = ( x  3 x)e
2 2
.    (2 x  3)e  2   1  2 =  1 2 
 2 c 2 c 3
2
1
  x
 1 2  c =3c= 3
  ( x  3 x )  2 x  3
2
= e
 2  1
x 69. f(x) =
1   x
=  e ( x 2  x  6)
 2
2 1 1 1
f(a) = , f(b) = andf (x) =  2
Since, f(x) satisfies all the conditions of a b x
Rolle’s theorem. So, there exists c  (3, 0) Given, f(b)  f(a) = (b  a) f (x1)
such that 1 1  1 
f (c) = 0    (b  a)   2 
b a  x1 
 c2  c  6 = 0
 c = 3, 2
a  b (a  b)
 
But c = 2  [3, 0] ab x12
 c = 2  x12 = ab  x1 = ab
471
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
dy dy 3x 2 sin 2 x
84. + 2y tan x = sin x 88. + y =
dx dx 1  x 3 1  x3
Here, P = 2 tan x and Q = sin x 3x 2 sin 2 x
Here, P = and Q 
 I.F. = e 
2 tan x dx 1  x3 1  x3
3 x2
= e2log(sec x )  elog sec
2x
 sec2 x  1 x3 dx 3
 I.F. = e = elog(1 + x ) = 1 + x3
 solution of the given equation is  solution of the given equation is
y (sec2 x) =  sin x sec 2 x dx  c sin 2 x
y.(1 + x3) =  (1 + x3)dx
1  x3
 y sec2 x =  sec x tan x dx  c
1  cos 2 x
 y (1 + x3) =  dx
 y sec2 x = sec x + c 2
1 sin 2 x
85.
dy
=
1

dx
=x+y+1  y(1 + x3) = x  +c
dx x  y  1 dy 2 4

dx dy
 x=y+1 89.  y sec2 x = tan x sec2 x
dy dx
Here, P = sec2 x, Q = tan x sec2x
I.F. = e 
1dy
 = ey
I.F. = e 
sec2 x dx
 solution of the given equation is  = etanx
 solution of the given equation is
x.ey =  ( y  1)e y dy + c
y y
 xe = e (y 2) + c 
y.etanx = tan x.sec2 x etan x dx + c

 x = cey  y  2 Put tan x = t  sec2 x dx = dt

 y etan x =  t e dt  c
t

dy dy y 2
86. x + y = x2 + 3x + 2  + =x+3+  y etan x = t et  et + c
dx dx x x
 y etan x = etan x (tan x – 1) + c
1 2
Here, P = , Q = x + 3 +  y = tan x – 1 + ce–tan x
x x
1 dy
I.F. = e  x = elog x = x  y0
dx
 90. (x + 2y3)
dx
 solution of the given equation is dy y
 2  
y. x =   x  3   x dx + c dx x  2 y 3
 x
dx x + 2 y 3 dx x
     2 y2
 xy =  x dx +  3x dx +  2dx + c
2
dy y dy y
x3 3x 2 1
  dy
 xy =  + 2x + c y 1
3 2  I.F. = e = e  log y =
y
dy  solution of the given equation is
87. x log x + y = 2 log x

dy
dx
1 2
x  I.F. =  Q(I.F.)dy  c
 + y= 1 1
dx x log x
1
x  x.
y 
 2 y 2 . dy  c
y
 dx
 I.F. = e = elog (log x) = log x
x log x
x
  y2  c
 solution of the given equation is y
2  x = y3 + c.y
y log x =  .log xdx + c
x  y3 – x = cy
 y log x = (log x)2 + c  y3  x = Ay, where A =  c
644
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
91. xdy + ydx + log ydy = 0  solution of the given equation is
 xdy + ydx = log ydy 1 1
x  =   y  dy  c
dx dx x log y y y
y + x = log y  + =
dy dy y y
x
1  =y+c ....(i)
 dy
y
 I.F. = e y  e log y = y
 solution of the given equation is Since, y(1) = 1 i.e., y = 1, when x = 1
log ydy  1 = 1 + c  c = 2
x.y =   y. +c x
y  = y + 2 ....[From (i)]
 xy = (y log y  y) + c y
 xy + (y log y  y) = c Putting x = 3, we get
3
dy  = y + 2
92. = y tan x – y2 sec x y
dx
1 dy 1  y2  2y  3 = 0
 2   tan x =  sec x ….(i)  (y  3)(y + 1) = 0
y dx y
Since y(x) > 0, y = 3
Put v = y1
dy
dv 1 dy 95. = y + 2x
 = 2  dx
dx y dx
dy
dv   y = 2x
   v tan x = sec x ….[From (i)] dx
dx
I.F. = e 
 1.dx
dv  = e x
 + v tan x = sec x
dx  solution of the given equation is
yex =  2x e
This is the standard form of the linear x
dx + c
differential equation.
=  2xe x  2e x + c
I.F. = e 
tan x dx
 = elog sec x = sec x  ye =  2(x + 1) e x + c
x

 y =  2(x + 1) + cex ….(i)

dy dy 2 Since, the curve passes through origin (0, 0).
93. x = 2y + x3ex   y = x2ex
dx dx x  0 =  2(0 + 1) + ce0
2
  dx 2 1 c=2
 I.F. = e x = e2 log x = elog x = 2  y =  2(x + 1) + 2ex ….[From (i)]
x x
 y + 2(x + 1) = 2e
 solution of the given equation is
1 1 96. Let P be the population at time t years.
y  2   x 2 e x  2 dx  c dP
x x Then, = kP
y dt
 2 = ex + c ….(i) dP
x   kdt
Since, y = 0, when x = 1 P
 0 = e1 + c  c =  e Integrating on both sides, we get
y log P = kt + c
 = ex  e ….[From (i)] When t = 0, P = 40000
x2
 y = x2(ex  e)  log 40000 = 0 + c  c = log 40000
 log P = kt + log 40000
94. xdy = y(dx + ydy)  P 
dx  1   log   = kt ....(i)
 ydx = (x  y2)dy    x=y  40000 
dy  y  When t = 40 yrs, P = 60000
1
  y dy 1  60000  1 3
 I.F. = e = elog y =  log   = 40 k  k = log  
y  40000  40 2

645
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 P  t 3 t 1
 log  = log   ....[From (i)]  log (  20) = log   + log 80
 40000  40 2 20 2
When t = 60 yrs, we have ….[From (i)]
 P  60 3 When  = 30 C, we have
log   = log  
 40000  40 2  1  1
3 1
log (30  20) = t   log   + log 80
P P  20  2
 3 2 3  3 2
 =   =   t 1
40000  2  40000 2  2   log 10  log 80 = log  
3 20 2
 P = 40000   1.2247 = 73482 t
2 1 1
 log   = log  
97. Let P0 be the initial population and let the 8 20 2
population after t years be P. Then, 1 t 1
dP dP  3log   = log  
= kP  = kdt 2 20 2
dt P t
Integrating on both sides, we get  =3
log P = kt + c 20
When t = 0, P = P0  t = 60 minutes
 log P0 = 0 + c  c = log P0 99. Let ‘x’ be the number of bacteria present at
 log P = kt + log P0 time ‘t’.
P dx
 log = kt ....(i)  x
P0 dt
When t = 5 hrs, P = 2P0 dx
2P  = kx
 log 0 = 5k dt
P0 Integrating on both sides, we get
log 2 log x = kt + c
k=
5 When t = 0, x = 1000
P log 2  log (1000) = k(0) + c
 log = t ....[From (i)]
P0 5  c = log (1000)
When t = 25 hrs, we have  log x = kt + log (1000) ....(i)
P log 2 When t = 1, x = 2000
log =  25 = 5 log2 = log 32  log (2000) = k(1) + log (1000)
P0 5
  2000 
P = 32P0  k = log   = log 2
98. Let ‘’ be the temperature of the body at any  1000 
time ‘t’.  log x = t log 2 + log (1000) ….[From (i)]
d 1 5
  (  20) When t = 2 = , we have
dt 2 2
d 5
 = k(  20) log x =   log 2 + log (1000)
dt 2
Integrating on both sides, we get
 52 
log (  20) = kt + c = log  2  + log (1000)
When t = 0,  = 100 C  


log (100  20) = k(0) + c
log (  20) = kt + log 80
 c = log 80
….(i)
 
= log 4 2 + log (1000)

When t = 20,  = 60 C = log (4000 2 )

 log (60  20) = k(20) + log 80 = log (4000  1.414)
1 1  log x = log (5656)
k= log  
20 2  x = 5656
646
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
93. f(x) = x4 – 62x2 + ax + 9 ….(i) 98. f(x) = 3x4  4x3
3
 f (x) = 4x – 124x + a  f (x) = 12x3  12x2
For maximum or minimum, f (x) = 0  x2(x  1) = 0  x = 1, 0
 4x3 – 124 x + a = 0 Now f (x) = 36x2  24x
Since, x = 1 is a root of (i). f (1) = 12 > 0
 f (1) = 4 – 124 + a = 0  a = 120 f (0) = 0
94. f(x) = (x  ) (x  ) = x2  ( + )x +  f(1) = 3  4 = 1
 f (x) = 2x  ( + ) f(1) = 3 + 4 = 7
For maximum or minimum, f (x) = 0 f(2) = 48  32 = 16
  Maximum at 2 and Minimum at 1 and
x=
2 Maximum value is 16 and Minimum value is
Now f (x) = 2 > 0 1.
 99. Let f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 36x + 17
 f(x)  f  
 2   f (x) = 3x2 – 24x + 36 = 0 at x = 2, 6
     Again f (x) = 6x – 24 is –ve at x = 2
=    
 2  2  So that f(6) = 17, f(2) = 49
At the end points, f(1) = 42, f(10) = 177
         ( ) 2
=  =  So that f(x) has its maximum value as 177
 2  2  4
95. y = xe x 100. x + y = 16  y = 16 – x
 y = xex + ex = ex (x + 1) = 0  x2 + y2 = x2 + (16 – x)2
 x=1 Let z = x2 + (16 – x)2
y = xex + ex + ex  z= 4x – 32
At x =  1, To be minimum of z, z > 0,
1 Therefore 4x – 32 = 0  x = 8, y = 8
y =  e 1 + e 1 + e 1 = > 0
e 1
101. f(x) =  x  1 3 (x  2)
 Minimum at x = 1.
1
f(x) = x5  5x4 + 5x3  10 1 2
96.  f (x) = (x  1) 3 . 1 + (x  2).  x  1 3
 f (x) = 5x4  20x3 + 15x2 3
For maximum or minimum, f (x) = 0 4x  5
=
 5x2 (x2  4x + 3) = 0 2
3( x  1) 3
 x2 (x  3) (x  1) = 0
x=0,x=3,x=1 For maxima or minima, f (x) = 0
f (x) = 20x3  60x2 + 30x = 10x (2x2  6x + 3) 4x  5
 2
=0
f (0) = 0 3( x  1) 3
f (3) = Positive (Minima)
5
f (1) = Negative (Maxima)  x=
 (p, q) = (1, 3) 4
1

dy a  f(1) = (1  1) 3 (1  2) = 0
= + 2bx + 1    = a + 2b + 1 = 0
dy
97. 1
dx x  dx  x 1
 5   5 3 5  3
 dy  a f   =   1   2  = 4 , f(9) = 14
 a = 2b  1 and   = + 4b + 1 = 0 4  4  4 
 dx  x  2 2 43
5
2b  1  absolute minimum occurs at x = and min.
 + 4b + 1 = 0 4
2
1 3
  b + 4b + = 0 value = 4
2 43
1 1 1 2 Absolute maximum occurs at x = 9 and max.
 3b = b= and a = 1 =
2 6 3 3 value = 14.
474
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
3 Since, this equation consists of four arbitrary
  dy 2  dy   4 d y
2
constants.
17. 1 
    sin   
  dx   dx   dx 2  order of differential equation = 4
3 4
  dy 
2
 dy    d y 
2 22. Consider option (C),
 1     sin      2 
  dx   dx    dx  y = 2x  4
dy
d2 y  =2
Here, the highest order derivative is . dx
dx 2 2
 order = 2  dy  xdy
     y = 22  2 x  2 x  4  0
Since, the given differential equation cannot  dx  dx
be expressed as polynomial in differential
b
coefficients, the degree is not defined. 23. y=a+
x
18. y23/2  y11/2  4  0 dy b
  2 ….(i)
 y  y 4
3/2 1/2
2 1 dx x
Squaring on both sides, we get d 2 y 2b d 2 y 2b
   x 
y23   y11/2  4   y1  16  8 y11/ 2
2
dx 2 x 3 dx 2 x 2
d 2 y 2b
 y2  yl  16  8 y1
3 1/2  x 2  2 0
dx x
Squaring on both sides, we get 2
d y 2dy
y  y1  16   64 y1  x 2  0 ….[From (i)]
3 2
2 dx dx
Here, the highest order derivative is y2 with 24. y = ex cos 2x
power 6.
dy
 degree = 6  =  2ex sin 2x  ex cos 2x
dx
19. sin x (dx  dy ) = cos x (dx  dy) d2 y
 = 4ex sin 2x  3ex cos 2x
sin x dx 2
 (dx + dy) = dx  dy d 2 y 2dy
cos x    5y  0
dx 2 dx
 dy  dy
 tan x 1   = 1 
 dx  dx 4
25. y = mx + ….(i)
dy 1  tan x m
 = dy
dx 1  tan x  m
This is a differential equation of order 1 and dx
degree 1. dy
Putting m  in (i), we get
dx
dy 1  dy 
2
1  dy 
3
2
20. y(x) = 1 + +   +   + ….  dy   dy 
dx 1.2  dx  1.2.3  dx  y   x   4
   dx   dx 
x 2 x3
dy
 y(x) = e dx ....  e x =1  x    .... 26. y = aebx ….(i)
 2! 3! 
dy
dy  = abebx
 = log y dx
dx dy
This is a differential equation of degree 1.  = by ….(ii) [From (i)]
dx
2 xC
21. y = C1e 2 + C3ex + C4 sin(x + C5) d2 y dy d2 y dy
 2
 b  y 2
 by
C 2x
= C1.e 2 e +C3ex+C4(sin x cos C5+cos x sinC5) dx dx dx dx
2
= Ae2x + C3ex + B sin x + D cos x, d 2 y  dy 
 y   0 ….[From (ii)]
C
where A = C1e 2 , B = C4 cos C5, D = C4 sin C5 dx 2  dx 

648
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
A 31. Differentiating the given equation, we get
27. y= + Bx2 dy
x =A
 xy = A + Bx3 dx
3
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  dy   dy 
dy  y = x   +   , which is of degree 3
x + y = 3Bx2 ….(i)  dx   dx 
dx
32. x = A cos (nt + )
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
Diferentiating w.r.t t, we get
d2 y dy dx
x 2 + 2 = 6Bx = –A sin (nt + ) . n
dx dx dt
2
d y dy dx
 x2 2 + 2x = 6Bx2  = –An sin (nt + )
dx dx dt
2
d y Differentiating w.r.t t, we get
 x2 2 + 2(3Bx2  y) = 6Bx2 ….[From (i)]
dx d2 x
= –An2 cos (nt + )
d2 y dt 2
 x2 2 = 2y
dx d2 x
mx  2 = – n2 x
28. y=e dt
 log y = mx …(i) d2 x
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  2 + n2 x = 0
dt
1 dy
 m 33. y = ea sin x
y dx  log y = a sin x ….(i)
 dy log y Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
  = ….[From (i)]
y dx x 1 dy
. = a cos x
dy  y  y dx
 = log y
dx  x  a=
1
.
dy
29. y = ex (A cos x + B sin x) y cos x dx
 y = ex (A cos x + B sin x) Putting the value of a in (i), we get
+ ex (B cos x – A sin x) dy
y log y = tan x
 y = y + ex (B cos x – A sin x) …(i) dx
 y = y + ex (B cos x – A sin x)
– ex (A cos x + B sin x)
34. 
y2 = 2d x  d  ....(i)
 y = y + (y – y) – y …[From (i)] Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
 y – 2y + 2y = 0 dy
2y = 2d ….(ii)
30. y = a sin(log x) + b cos(log x) ….(i) dx
dy a cos(log x ) bsin(log x ) Substituting (ii) in (i), we get
   dy  dy 
dx x x y2 = 2y  x  y 
dy dx  dx 
 x = acos(log x)  b sin(log x)
dx dy dy dy
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  y = 2x +2 . y
dx dx dx
d 2 y dy a sin(log x) b cos(log x) 3
x 2    2
 dy 
  y  2 x  = 4y  
dy
dx dx x x
2  dx   dx 
d y dy 1
 x 2    [a sin (logx) + b cos(log x)] This is a differential equation of order 1 and
dx dx x degree 3.
2
d y dy 35. Required equation of parabola is
 x2 2  x   y ….[From (i)]
dx dx (y – k)2 = 4a(x – h)
d2 y dy Since, this equation has two arbitary constants,
 x2 x  y0
dx 2 dx it 's order is 2.
649
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
36. Equation of family of parabolas whose axis is Substituting (ii) in (i), we get
X-axis is y2 = 4a(x  h) dy  y dy 
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get y2 = 2y  x  
dx  2 dx 
dy 2
2y = 4a dy  dy 
dx  y = 2x  y 
dx  dx 
dy
 y = 2a 2
dx  dy  dy
 y   = 2x y
Again, differentiating w.r.t. x, we get  dx  dx
2
d 2 y  dy  40. Equation of family of parabolas with focus at
y   0
dx 2  dx  (0, 0) and X-axis as axis is y2 = 4a(x + a) ….(i)
 order = 2 and degree = 1 Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x, we get
dy
1  2y = 4a ....(ii)
37. y = ax cos   b  ….(i) dx
 x  Substituting (ii) in (i), we get
dy
 =  ax sin   b  .   2  + a cos   b 
1 1 1 dy  y dy 
dx y2 = 2y  x  
x   x  x  dx  2 dx 
dy a  1   1  2
 = .sin   b  + a cos   b  dy  dy 
dx x  x   x   y = 2x  y  
dx  dx 
d2 y a 1   1   order = m = 1, degree = n = 2
 2 = cos   b  .   2 
dx x  x   x  Now, mn – m + n = 1(2) – 1 + 2 = 3
a 1  1  1 
 2 sin   b   a sin   b  .   2  41. Axis of parabola = X-axis
x  x   x  x  vertex = (m, 0)
a 1  ax 1  Equation of all parabolas is
=  3 cos   b  =  4 cos   b 
x  x  x  x  (y  0)2 = 4a(x  m)
2
d y y  y2 = 4ax  4am
 =  4 ….[From (i)] dy
dx 2 x  2y = 4a
d2 y dx
 x4 2 + y = 0  x4 y2 + y = 0 dy
dx y = 2a
dx
38. The differential equation representing the
d2 y dy  dy 
family of parabolas having vertex at origin is  y 2
+   =0
dx dx  dx 
y2 = 4ax ….(i)
2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get d2 y  dy 
 y +   =0
dy dx 2  dx 
2y = 4a
dx 42. Axis of parabola = Y-axis
dy y 2 Vertex = (0, m)
 2y = ….[From (i)]
dx x  Equation of parabola is
dy (x  0)2 = 4a (y  m)
 2yx = y2
dx  x2 = 4ay  4am
dy Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
 y2  2xy =0
dx dy
2x = 4a
dx
39. Equation of family of parabolas with focus at
(0, 0) and X-axis as axis is y2 = 4a(x + a) ….(i) 1 dy 1 1 d 2 y dy 1
 =   0
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x, we get x dx 2a x dx 2 dx x 2
dy d 2 y dy
2y = 4a ....(ii)  x 2  0
dx dx dx
650
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
121. 4x + 2r = a 22
 110 = R
1 7
A = x2 + r2 = (a – 2r)2 + r2
16  R = 35  2R = 70
dA a d A2 From (i),
 = 0 gives r = , thus >0 22
dr 2(   4) dr 2 l+  35 = 220
7
and hence minimum,
a 4a  l + 110 = 220
 4x = a – 2r = a – =  l = 110
4 4
a 124. Let the length of side of each square cut out be x sq cm.
 x= Then, each side of base of the box is
4
a2 (12  2x) cm and x cm will be height of box.
 A = x2 + r2 =
4(  4)
122. x 12  2x x
O
r r 12  2x 12  2x 12


A B x 12  2x x
l
Let OAB be a given sector of a circle of a
radius r cm such that arc AB = l cm, and
AOB =  radians. 12
Then V = Volume of box
2r + l = 20 ….(i) = (12  2x)2 x = 4(36 + x2  12x)x
l = 4(x3  12x2 + 36x)
= ….(ii)
r dV
 = 4(3x2 – 24x + 36)
1 2 dx
A r ….(iii)
2 = 12 (x2 – 8x + 12)
From (i), (ii) ,(iii), we get 2
d V
1 l 1 1 and = 4(6x  24)
A = r2  = r l = r(20  2r) dx 2
2 r 2 2 dV
 A = 10 r  r2 ….(iv) Now, = 0  x2  8x + 12 = 0
dx
dA  (x  2)(x  6) = 0  x = 2 or x = 6
Now, = 10  2r = 0  r = 5
dr But x < 6
d2A  x = 2
 = 2 < 0
dr 2 d2V
 A is maximum at r = 5 For x = 2, = 4 (12  24) =  48 < 0
dx 2
Hence the maximum area  Volume is maximum when each square of
= 10  5 – 25 = 25 cm2 …. [From (iv)] 2 cm length is cut out from each corner.
123. 2l + 2R = 440 125. Given equation is10s = 10ut – 49t2
 l + R = 220 …(i)  s = ut – 4.9t2
ds
 = u – 9.8t = v
dt
When stone reaches the maximum height, then
Now f(x) = l (2R) = (220  R) (2R) v=0
 f(x) = 440R  2R2  u – 9.8t = 0  u = 9.8t
 f (x) = 440  4R = 0 But time t = 5 sec
 0 = 110  R So the value of u = 9.8  5 = 49.0 m/sec
477
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
dy dy 1  y2
52. x –y=3 56.  =0
dx dx 1  x2
dy Integrating on both sides, we get
 x =3+y
dx dy dx
 1  y 2 +  1 x2 = sin c
1
1 1
  dy =  dx
3 y x
 sin1y + sin1x = sin1c
 log|y + 3| = log|x| + log c
 y + 3 = xc
 y = xc – 3
 
 sin1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2  sin1 c

This is the equation of family of straight line.  x 1  y 2  y 1  x2  c

dy (1  x ) y
53. = dy x y  x y
dx ( y  1) x 57.  sin    sin  
dx  2   2 
y 1 (1  x)
 dy = dx dy x y  x y
y x  = sin    sin  
dx  2   2 
 1  1 dy  y x
  1   dy =  1   dx  =  2 sin   . cos  
 y  x dx 2 2
Integrating on both sides, we get Integrating on both sides, we get
x + log x = y  log y + c
 y x
 x  y + log xy = c  cosec  2  dy =   2cos  2  dx + c1
dx  y  x
54. y(1 + log x)  x log x = 0 log tan   2sin  
dy 4
  = 2 +c
 1
dx 1 1
 y(1 + logx) = x log x
dy 2 2
 1  log x  dy  y x 1
  log tan   = c  2 sin   , where c = c1
 dx = 4 2 2
 x log x  y
Integrating on both sides, we get dy
log(log x) + logx = logy + logc 58. = 1 + y + y2 + x + xy + xy2
dx
 log(x logx) = log(yc) dy
 x log x = cy  = (1 + y + y2) (x + 1)
dx
dy  dy  Integrating on both sides, we get
55. yx  a  y2  
dx  dx  dy
dy dy
 1 y  y 2 =  ( x  1)dx  c1
 y  ay2 = a  x
dx dx dy x2
dy   1 3
2
=
2
+ x + c1
 y(1  ay) = (a + x)
dx  y  
 2 4
Integrating on both sides, we get
dx dy  1 
y 
 a  x =  y (1  ay ) + log c  2

1
.tan1  2 = x +x+c
 1
3/2  3 / 2 2
dx 1 a   
 a x =    dy + log c
 y 1  ay   2 y 1 
 4 tan1   = 3  x2  2 x   c ,
 log(a + x) = log y  log(1  ay) + log c  3 
 log[(a + x)(1  ay)] = log cy
 (x + a) (1  ay) = cy where c = 2 3 c1

652
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
dy dy
59. = 3x + y 63. log =x
dx dx
 3xdx  3ydy = 0 dy x
 = e  dy = ex dx
Integrating on both sides, we get dx
3x + 3y = c Integrating on both sides, we get
When x = 0 = y, y = ex + c
30 + 30 = c  c = 2 At x = 0 and y = 1,
 3x + 3y = 2 1 = e0 + c
 3x + 3y  2 = 0 c=0
 y = ex
60. xdy + 2y dx = 0
dy dx  dy 
 +2 =0 64. log   = 3x + 4y
y x  dx 
dy dx dy
 2  =0  = e3 x  4 y
y x dx
 e4y dy = e3xdx
 log y + 2 log x = log c Integrating on both sides, we get
 log y + log x2 = log c e4 y e3 x
 log x2y = log c  c
4 3
 x2y = c When y = 0 = x,
Given that x = 2 and y = 1
1 1 7
 (2)2 1 = c   c  c = 
4 3 12
c=4
e 4 y e 3 x 7
 x2y = 4 is the particular solution.   
4 3 12
dy  4e3x + 3e4y  7 = 0
61. 2x –y=0
dx dy
 2xdy = ydx 65. =y+3
dx
1 1 dy
 2  dy =  dx  = dx
y x y3
 2logy = log x + log c Integrating on both sides, we get
 y2 = xc dy
Since, y (1) = 2 i.e., y = 2 when x = 1  y  3   dx  c
 22 = 1 × c  c = 4  log(y + 3) = x + c ....(i)
 y2 = 4x Since, y(0) = 2 i.e., y = 2, when x = 0
This represents the equation of parabola.  log (2 + 3) = 0 + c  c = log 5
dy  log(y + 3) = x + log 5 ....[From (i)]
62. e dx = x  y + 3 = 5ex
dy  y = 5ex  3
 = log x
dx  y(log 2) = 5elog2
  dy =  log x dx    
dy
 y = log x.(x) –  dx + c 66. =1–y
dx
 y = x log x – x + c dy
Since, y(1) = 3 i.e., y = 3 when x = 1
 1  y =  dx + c
 3 = log 1 – 1 + c  –log(1 – y) = x + log c
c=4 –log(1 – y) – log c = x
 y = x log x – x + 4 log(1 – y)c = –x
653
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
126. Let L be the lamp and PQ be the man and 129. Since, f(x) satisfies all the conditions of
OQ = x metre be his shadow and let Rolle’s theorem.
MQ = y metre.
L
 f(3) = f(5) = 0
 x = 3 and x = 5 are the roots of f(x).
P  f(x) = (x  3) (x  5) = x2  8x + 15
5m 5 5
2m   f ( x ) dx =  ( x 2  8 x  15) dx
O 3 3
x Q y M 5
 3 
=  x  4 x 2  15 x 
dy 3 3
= speed of the man = 3 m/s (given) 1
dt = (125  27)  4(25  9)  15(5  3)
Since,  OPQ and  OLM are similar. 3
OM LM x y 5 4
 =  = =
OQ PQ x 2 3
3
y= x Competitive Thinking
2
dy 3 dx 1
 =  1. y = x2 
dt 2 dt x2
3 dx dy 2
3=   = 2x + 3
2 dt dx x
dx  
d y 2
 = 2m/s.  = 2(1) + = 4
dt  
 dx ( 1,0) (1)3
127. Let A, P and x be the area, perimeter and 1 1
length of the side of the square respectively at  Slope of normal at (1, 0) =  =
 dy  4
time t seconds. Then, A = x2 and P = 4x  
d
 ( 1,0)
x
 P= 4 A
dP 1 dA 2. For the point (2, 1) on the curve
  4. .
dt 2 A dt x = t2 + 3t – 8, y = 2t2 – 2t – 5, we have
2 dA 2 1 t2 + 3t – 8 = 2 and 2t2 – 2t – 5 = 1
= .  .2  cm / sec.
x dt 16 4  (t + 5) (t  2) = 0 and (t 2) (t + 1) = 0
t=2
128. Let
dy

f(A) = cos A cos B = cos A cos   A  dy dt 4t  2
2  Now,  
dx dx 2t  3
= cos A sin A
dt
 f (A) = cos2 A  sin2 A = cos 2 A
For maximum or minimum,  dy  4(2)  2 6
    
f (A) = 0  cos 2A = 0  dx (t  2) 2(2)  3 7
 
 2A = A = 1
2 4 3. Slope of the normal =
dy
Now, f (A) = 2 sin 2 A
dx

= 2 sin = 2 < 0 3 1
2  tan =
4  dy 
  
 f(A) is maximum at A = .  dx (3, 4)
4
  1  dy 
 Maximum value = cos sin =    = 1  f (3) = 1
4 4 2  dx (3, 4)

478
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations

x2 75. (x + y  1)dx + (2x + 2y  3)dy = 0

 log (1 + y) = + log 2 ….[From (i)]
2 dy  x  y 1 
 =   ….(i)
1  y  x2 dx  2x  2 y  3 
 log   =
 2  2
Put x + y = v ….(ii)
x2
 y = 2e 2
–1 dy dv
1+ 
dx dx
dy x  y  1
73.  ....(i) dy dv
dx x  y  1   1 ….(iii)
dx dx
Put x + y = v ....(ii)
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
dy dv
  1 ....(iii) dv  v 1 
dx dx 1 =   
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get dx  2v  3 
dv v 1
1  dv 1 v dv v2
dx v 1  = +1 =
dx 2v  3 dx 2v  3
dv 2v v 1
   dv = dx Integrating on both sides, we get
dx v  1 2v
Integrating on both sides, we get 2v  3
v 1
 v  2 dv =  dx + c
 log v = x + c1
2 2 2(v  2) 1
 v  log v = 2x + 2c1   v2
dv = x + c
 x + y  log (x + y) = 2x + 2c1
 y = x + log(x + y) + c, where c = 2c1  2v + log(v  2) = x + c
 2(x + y) + log(x + y  2) = x + c
dy
74. (x + y)2 = a2  2y + x + log(x + y  2) = c
dx
dy dv dy x  2y 1
Put x + y = v  1 +  76. = ….(i)
dx dx dx 2( x  2 y )
 dv 
 v2   1 = a2 Put x  2y = v ….(ii)
 dx 
dy dv
dv 12 =
 v2  v2 = a2 dx dx
dx
dy 1  dv 
v2  = 1   ….(iii)
 2 dv = dx dx 2  dx 
v  a2
v2 Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
  2 dv =  dx
v  a2 1  dv  v  1
1   =
v2  a 2  a 2 2  dx  2v
  dv =  dx
v2  a 2 dv 1
v  =
 v  a tan1 + c = x dx v
a Integrating on both sides, we get
x y
 x + y  a tan1   +c=x  v dv =   dx  c 1
 a 
 x  y  y+c v2
 tan1  =  =  x + c1
 a  a 2
x y  y+c   (x  2y)2 =  2x + 2c1
 = tan  
a  a   (x  2y)2 + 2x = c, where c = 2c1

655
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

dy x  2 y 1 xy
77. =  ….(i)  x + y  tan  + c = x
dx 2( x  2 y )  3  2 
Put x – 2y = v ….(ii)  x y 
2dy dv  y + c = tan  
 1 =  2 
dx dx
dy 1  dv  dy  y y
 = 1 ….(iii) 79.  tan   
dx 2  dx  dx x x
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get y
Put = v  y = vx
1  dv  v 1 x
 1   =  2v  3 dy dv
2  dx 
 =v+x
2v  3 dx dx
 dv = dx
4v  5 dv
 v+x = tan v + v
Integrating on both sides, we get dx
1 1 dv dv dx
 2 (4v  5)  2  x = tan v   = 
  4v  5  dv =  dx  c1 dx tan v
 log | sin v | = log x + log c
x
 
   y
1 1 1  log sin   = log xc
 v  . log(4v  5) = x + c1 x
2 2 4
 y
1 1  sin   = xc
 ( x  2 y )  log  4( x  2 y )  5 = x + c1 x
2 8
 log [4(x – 2y) + 5] = 8x – 4(x – 2y) + 8c1 dy x y
80. = ...(i)
 log [4(x – 2y) + 5] = 4(x + 2y) + c, dx x y
where c = 8c1 Put y = vx ...(ii)
dy 1 dy dv
78. = ….(i)  =v+x ...(iii)
dx cos(x + y ) dx dx
Put x + y = v ….(ii) Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
dy dv dv 1 v
1+ = v+x =
dx dx dx 1 v
dy dv dv 1  v2 1 v dx
  1 ….(iii) x =  dv =
dx dx dx 1 v 1 v 2
x
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get Integrating both sides, we get
dv 1 1 v dx
1=
dx cos v  1  v 2 dv =  x
dv 1
 =  1  cos v dv = dx 1 1 2v
dx cos v 1 cos v   1 v 2
dv –
2  1 v 2
= log x + c
 2cos 2 (v/2) 1 
   dv = dx 1
2
 2 cos (v/2)   tan–1 v – log (1 + v2) = log x + c
2
 1  1 x2  y2
 1 sec2  v/2   dv = dx  y
 tan–1   = log + log x + c
 2  x 2 x2
Integrating on both sides, we get
1  y x2  y2
 tan–1   = log + log x + c
 dv  2  sec (v/2)dv + c =  dx
2
 x x
v  y
 v  tan   + c = x  tan–1   = log x2  y 2 + c
2  x

656
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations

dy y2 Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get

81. = ….(i)
dx xy  x 2 dv 1  v 2
vx 
Put y = vx ….(ii) dx 2v
dy dv dv 1  v 2
 =v+x ….(iii)  x  v
dx dx dx 2v
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get dv 1  v 2
dv v2 x 2 v2  x 
v+x = = dx 2v
dx x.vx  x 2 v  1 Integrating on both sides, we get
dv v2 dv v dx 2v
x = v x =
dx v  1 dx v 1  x
 1  v2
dv  c1
Integrating on both sides, we get
 log x + log (1  v2) = c1
 v 1 dx
  v  dv =  x  log k  (1 – v2).x = e 1
c

 v  log v = log x + log k  y2  c

  1  2  .x = e 1
 v = log(x.v.k)  x 
 ev = xvk  ey/x = ky c
 x2 – y2 = e 1.x
82. (x2 + xy) y = y2
dy y2 1
 c.(x2 – y2) = x, where c =
 = 2 ...(i) c
e1
dx x  xy
Put y = vx ...(ii) dy y  x
dy dv 84.  ….(i)
 =v+x ...(iii) dx y  x
dx dx
Put y = vx ….(ii)
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
dv v2 x2 dy dv
v+x = 2  v x ….(iii)
dx x  vx  dx dx
dv v2 Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get
v+x = dv vx  x v 1
dx 1 v v x = =
dv v2 dx vx  x v 1
x = –v
dx 1 v dv v 1 dv   v2  1
 x = –v  x =
dv v dx v 1 dx v 1
x =
dx 1 v Integrating on both sides, we get
1 v 1 v 1 dx
  dv =  dx
v x  v 1
2
dv    x
 c1
 –(log v + v) = log x + log c 1 2v 1 dx
 –v = log xvc
y
 
2 v 12 
dv  2 dv  
v 1  x
 c1
y 
  = log y c  e = cy x
1
x  log(v 2  1)  tan 1 v   log x  c1
2
83. (x2 + y2)dx = 2xydy  y 2  x2  1  y 
 y
2  log  2   2 tan    2log x + 2c1
1    x  x
dy x
  ….(i)  y
dx  y  log(x2 + y2) – 2 log x + 2 tan–1  
2  x
 x
Put y = vx ….(ii) = –2 log x + 2c1
dy dv  y
 v x ….(iii)  log(x2 + y2) + 2tan–1   = c, where c = 2c1
dx dx x
657
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
6y 21. At t = 1, x = (1)2 = 1 and y = 2(1) = 2
 slope of the normal = 
x2 dy
Since, the normal to the given curve makes dy 2 1
= dt = =
equal intercepts with the axis. dx dx 2t t
6y dt
  2 =1
x  dy 
   =1
x2 x2  dx  t 1
y= or
6 6  Equation of the normal at (1, 2) is
Putting these values in (i), we get y – 2 = – 1(x – 1)  x + y – 3 = 0
 x4 
9   = x3  x = 0 or x = 4 22. Centre of circle is (1, 2) and point A(2,1) lie
 36  on circle.
16 16 8 8 1 2
 y = 0 or y =  or =  or  Equation of normal is y + 2 = (x  1)
6 6 3 3 2 1
the required points are  4,  or  4,   .
8 8  y + 2 = 3(x  1)  y = 3x  5

 3   3 
n n
x  y
2 3 1 2 23.   +   =2
19. y= x  x ....(i)  
a b
3 2
Differentiating w.r.t x, we get
dy
 = 2x2 + x  x
n 1
1  y
n1
1  dy 
dx n    +n       =0
Since, the tangent makes equal angles with the axis. a a
  b b  dx 
n 1 n 1
dy n  y dy n  x 
 = 1    =
dx b b dx a  a 
 2x2 + x = 1 n 1 n1
dy b  x  b
 2x2 + x = 1 (taking +ve sign)  =  
 2x2 + x  1 = 0 dx a  a   y
 (2x  1) (x + 1) = 0  dy 
Slope of tangent at (a, b) =  
1  dx  a, b 
 x = , 1
2 n 1 n 1
b  a   b 
From (i), =
1 2 1 1 1 5 a  a   b 
when x = , y =    = b
2 3 8 2 4 24 =
2 1 1 a
and when x = 1, y = (1) + 1 =  b
3 2 6 Equation of tangent is y – b = (x – a)
1 5   1 a
 the required points are  ,  and  1,   .  ay – ab = –bx + ab
 2 24   6
 ay + bx = 2ab
20. At x = 4, x y
4 2 = 8y  y = 2   =2
a b
Now, x2 = 8y
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 
24. At  = ,
dy dy x 4
2x = 8  =
dx dx 4  1  3
x = 2 cos3 = and y = 3sin3 =
 dy  4 2 4 2 2
   =1
 dx (4, 2) 3 3
x = 2 cos  and y = 3 sin 
 equation of the normal at (4, 2) is dx dy
 = 6 cos2 sin  and = 9 sin2 cos 
y  2 = 1(x  4)  x + y = 6 d d
481
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
 log (v sin v) = –2 log x + log c dy dy 2y
91. x + 2y = x2  + =x
c dx dx x
 log (v sin v) = log 2
x x
2
dx 2
 I.F. = e = e2 log x = elog x = x2
c
 v sin v = 2 1
x dy y e tan x
92.  
y y c y c dx 1  x 2 1  x 2
 sin  2  y sin 
x x x x x 1
 1 x2 dx 1 x
   I.F. = e = etan
Since, y(1) = , i.e., y = , when x = 1
2 2 dy
   93. cos x  y sin x  1
 sin =c c= dx
2 2 2 dy
  y tan x  sec x
y  dx
 y sin 
x 2x
I.F. = e 
tan x dx
 = elog sec x = sec x
dy x 2  y 2
89.  ….(i) dy 1 y
dx 2 xy 94. +y=
dx x
Put y = vx ….(ii)
dy 1 y
dy dv  +y= +
 v x ….(iii) dx x x
dx dx
dy  1  1
Substituting (ii) and (iii) in (i), we get  + 1   y =
dx  x  x
dv x 2  v2 x 2 1  v2
v x = =  1
 1 x dx ex
dx 2 xvx 2v  I.F. = e = ex – log x =
dv 1  v 2
dv 1  v 2 x
 x  v  x 
dx 2v dx 2v dy 1
95. =
Integrating on both sides, we get dx x y2
dx 2v dx dx
 x   1  v2 dv = log c 
dy
=x+y+2 
dy
–x=y+2
 log x + log (1  v2) = log c
I.F. = e  = e–y
 dy
 y2  
 log x + log  1  2  = log c
 x  96. I. F. = sin x
e   sin x
P dx
 y2  
 x 1  2  = c
x  d
   Pd x  log(sin x ) P= log(sin x)
2 2
 x  y = cx ….(iv) dx
Since, the required curve passes through (2, 1). 1
P=  cos x  cot x
3 sin x
 4  1 = 2c  c =
2 dy
97.  P( x). y  0
3 dx
 x2  y2 = x ….[From (iv)]
2 Here, Q = 0
 2(x2 – y2) = 3x
I.F. = e 
Pdx

dy y  solution of the given equation is
90.   x3  3
dx x y  I.F. = Q(I.F.)dx  c

1
  dx
log x 1 1
 y.e = 0 + c  y = c.e 
 I. F. = e x
 e  log x  e  Pdx  Pdx
x
659
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

 a dx = eax dy dy
98. I.F. = e 102. y + x2 =   y  x2
dx dx
 solution of the given equation is
I.F. = e = e–x
 dx
e(a  m) x 
y.eax =  emx .eax dx + c = +c  solution of the given equation is
am
yex =  e  x  x 2dx  c
e mx
y= + ceax
am  y.ex = x2.ex  2xex  2ex + c
 y(a + m) = emx + c(a + m) eax  y + x2 + 2x + 2 = c.ex

99.
dy
 y =1
103. (1  y 2 )  x  e tan  1 y
 ddyx  0
dx 1
dx x e tan y
I.F. = e  = ex
dx    
dy 1  y 2 1  y 2
 Solution of the differential equation is 1
 1 y 2 dy 1
ye =  e dx + c1
x x  I.F. = e  e tan y
 solution of the given equation is
 yex = ex + c1  ex (1 – y) = – c1 1
1 y e tan y tan 1 y
 log ex + log (1 – y) = – log c1 x.e tan  .e dy  c1
1  y2
 x + c = – log (1 – y) 1
1 tan 1 y e 2 tan y
 log =x+c  xe  dy  c1 
1 y 1 y2
1 y
1 y e 2 tan
dy y   xe tan   c1 
100.  x 2
dx x 1 y 1 y
  2 xe tan  e2 tan  c  where c = 2c1
dy y
  x 104. (y – 3x2) dx + xdy = 0
dx x
dy dy y
1
 (y – 3x2) = –x  = + 3x
I.F. = e x = elog x =
 dx 1
 dx dx x
x dy 1
 solution of the given equation is  + (y) = 3x
dx x
y 1

1
 x. dx  a  dx
x x  I.F. = e x = elog x = x
y  Solution of the given differential equation is
  x  a  y = x2 + ax
x xy =  3x 2 + c

dy 3x3
 xy = +c
101. x  2 y  x2 3
dx
c
dy  2   y = x2 +
  y  x x
dx  x 
1 dy
2  x dx 105. (x – 4y3) –y=0
 I.F. = e e x 2log x 2
dx
 solution of the given equation is dy y
 =
yx2 = x dx  c1 dx x  4 y3
3

dx x  4 y3 dx x
x4 x4  C  =  – = – 4y2
 yx2 =  c1 = , where C = 4 c1 dy y dy y
4 4
1
x4  C   y dy 1
y=  I.F. = e = e–log y =
4x2 y

660
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
 Solution of the given equation is  solution of the given equation is
1 1 1 1
=   4 y 2  dy + c
x.
y y  y

v.    ( 1). dy  c
y
x 1 1 1
 = –2y2 + c  x + 2y3 = cy  .   log y  c   cy  y log y
y x y x
106. y dx + (x + x2y) dy = 0 108. cos x dy = y (sin x  y) dx
dx x dy
    x2  = y tan x  y2 sec x
dy y dx
1 dx  1  1 1 dy  1
     .  1 ....(i)  2 + tanx    = sec x ....(i)
x 2 dy  y  x y dx  y
1 1 dv 1 dy
Put v = Put v =    
x y dx y 2 dx
dv 1 dx dv
  2.  + (tan x)v = sec x ....[From (i)]
dy x dy dx
dv  1 
I.F. = e 
tan x dx
    .v  1 ....[From (i)]  = elog(sec x) = sec x
dy  y   solution of the given equation is
1
  y dy 1 v. sec x =   sec x.sec x dx  c1
 I.F. = e = e–logy =
y  v sec x = tan x + c1
 solution of the given equation is 1
1 1   sec x = tan x + c1
v =
y 
y
dy  c1 y
 sec x = y(tan x + c), where c = c1
1
  log y  c1 109. (xy4 + y) dx – x dy = 0
xy
dy xy 4  y
1  
   log y  c1 dx x
xy
dy y
1    y4
   log y = c, where c = – c1 dx x
xy dy y 3
 y 4 .  1 ....(i)
dx x
dx x Put v = y–3
107.   x2
dy y dv dy
  3 y 4 
1 dx 1  1  dx dx
     1 ....(i)
x 2 dy y  x  1 dv v
    =1 ....[From (i)]
1 3 dx x
Put v = dv 3
x   .v  3
dv 1 dx dx x
  2  3
I.F. = e  x = e3log x = x3
dy x dy dx

dv 1  solution of the given equation is
   .v  1 ....[From (i)]
dy y
dv  1 

v.x3 = 3.x3 dx  c1
     .v  1 3 x 4 x3 3
dy  y   v.x3 =  c1  3   x 4  c1
1
4 y 4
  y dy 1 3 4 3
 4x + 3x y = 4c1.y 3
 I.F. = e = e–log y =
y  4x3 + 3x4y3 = c.y3, where c = 4c1
661
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
 angle between the curves is dv
36. Acceleration, = 2t, then acceleration after
1

1 dt
m  m2
tan  = 1  2 2 3 second = 2  3 = 6 cm / sec2 .
1  m1 m 2  1  1 
1     37. Motion of a particle s = 15t  2t2
 2  2
ds
 tan  = 2 2  velocity = = 15  4t
dt
  = tan 1
2 2 
 ds   ds 
   = 15 and   = 3
34. y = ex
2
….(i)  dt  t 0  dt  t 3
x2
y = e sin x ….(ii) 15  3
 average velocity = = 9 units
From (i) and (ii), we get 2
2 2
e x  e x sin x 38. Velocity, v2 = 2  3x
 Differentiating both sides w.r.t.t, we get
 sin x = 1  x =
2 dv dx
2v =3
 dt dt
Slope of tangent to (i) at x = is given by
2 dv
2  2v =  3v
 dy  dt
  2 xe x     e 4
2
 
 dx  x   2   x dv 3
2
 
 dt 2
Slope of tangent to (ii) at x = is given by Hence, the acceleration is uniform.
2
2
 dy  39. x = At2 + Bt + C
  2 xe x sin x  e x cos x   =  e 4
2 2
  v = 2At + B  v2 = 4A2t2 + 4ABt + B2
 dx  x   2   x
2

and 4Ax = 4A2t2 + 4ABt + 4AC
Since both tangents have equal slopes, the
angle between them is zero.  v2  4Ax = B2 – 4AC
35. Let the given curves intersect each other at  4Ax – v2 = 4AC – B2
P(x1, y1).
y2 = 6x v2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get 40. t=  v2 = 2t
2
dy  dy  3 Differentiating both sides w.r.t.t., we get
2y =6   =
dx  dx  P y1 dv
2 2
9x + by = 16 2v =2
dt
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dv 1
dy  = =f
18 x + 2by =0 dt v
dx
df 1 dv 1 1
 dy  9 x1  = 2  = 2 
  =  dt v dt v v
 dx  P by1
df 1
Since, the given curves intersect each other at  = = f3
right angles. dt v3
 3   9 x1  d 2 t d  dt  d  1  1 dv
    = –1 41.      2.
 y1   by1  dx 2
dx  dx  dx  v  v dx
27 x1 dv dv f
 =1 Since, v f  
by12 dx dx v
9 d2 t 1 f 2
3 d t
…  y1  6 x1 
2
b=    .  v =f
2 dx 2 v2 v dx 2
484
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
 y(1 + t) = –1 ….[From (i)] dy
118. sin x + y cos x = 4x
1 dx
 y=
1 t dy 4x
 + y cot x =
1 1 dx sin x
 y(1) = =
11 2
I. F. = e
cot x dx
= elog sin x = sin x
116. dy = cos x(2 – y cosec x)dx General solution of the given equation is
4x

dy
= 2 cos x – y cot x y. sin x =  sin x  +c
dx sin x
 y sin x = 2x2 + c …(i)
dy
 + y cot x = 2 cos x  
dx y  = 0 i.e. y = 0 when x =
2 2
I.F. = e 
cot xdx
 = elog sin x = sin x 2 2
 solution of the given equation is 0=2. +cc=–
4 2
 2cos x.sin x  c  2
y.sin x = 1
y sin x = 2x2 – …[From (i)]
2
cos 2 x
 y.sin x =  sin 2 x  c = 1 
2
 c1
When x =

,
6
2sin 2 x  1 1
=  c1 = sin2x – + c1 1 2 2
2 2 y. =2. –
2 36 2
1
 y sin x = sin2x + c, where c = c1 –    8 2
2 y   = 
6 9

When x  ,y=2
2 119. y  y tan x = 2x sec x
  dy
 2sin = sin2 + c  + ( tan x)y = 2x sec x
2 2 dx
 2=1+cc=1  I.F. = e 
 tan x dx
= elog cos x = cos x
 y sin x = sin2x + 1  y = sin x + cosec x  solution of the given equation is

117.
dy ( x)
+ g(x)y(x) = g(x)g(x)
y.cos x =  2 x sec x.cos x dx  c
dx  y cos x = x2 + c ….(i)
Since, y(0) = 0 i.e., y = 0, when x = 0
I.F. = e 
g  ( x )dx
  eg ( x )
 0=0+cc=0
 solution of the given equation is  y cos x = x2 ….[From (i)]
y(x).eg(x) =  g( x)g( x) . e
g(x) 2
dx + c  y = x sec x ….(ii)
2
 y = x sec x tan x + 2x sec x ….(iii)
y(x).eg(x) = eg(x) [g(x)  1] + c ....(i)

Putting x = 0 in (i), we get Putting x = in (ii) and (iii), we get
4
0 = e0(0  1) + c ...[ y(0) = 0, g(0) = 0 (given)]
    2
2

c=1 y  = and y    = +
4
  8 2 4
  8 2 2
 y(x)eg(x) = eg(x) [g(x) 1] + 1 ....[From (i)] 
Putting x = 2, we get Putting x = in (ii) and (iii), we get
3
y(2)e0 = e0(0  1) + 1 ....[ g(2) = 0 (given)]    22   22 4
y  = and y   = +
 y(2) = 0 3 9 3 3 3 3
663
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
120. ‘p’ is the population at time ‘t’. When t = T,
dp 3 kT 2
 = p V(T) = I 
dt 100 2
dp 3
 = dt d(p(t)) 1
p 100 122.  p(t)  200
Integrating on both sides, we get dt 2
dp 3 Integrating on both sides, we get
p
=
100
dt  d(p(t))
3
1 
 dt  c1
p(t)  200
 log p = t + c1 2
100
3 3  p(t) 
 p = e100
t+c
1
t
 p = e100 e 1
c  2log   200  = t + c1
 2 
3
t
 p = c e100
c
…[where e 1 = c] p(t) t  c1 
  200 = e 2 .c,  where c  e 2  ....(i)
dV 2  
121. = k(T  t)  
dt Putting t = 0, we get
 dV = k(T  t)dt
Integrating on both sides, we get p(0)
 200 = e0.c
2
 dV = k  (T  t)dt  c 100
k(T  t) 2   200 = c  c = 150
 V(t) = c ....(i) 2
2 t
Initially i.e., when t = 0, V(t) = I p(t)
  200 = e 2 (150) ....[From (i)]
kT 2 kT 2 2
 I= c  c = I  t
2 2
 p(t) = 400  300e 2
k(T  t) 2
kT 2
 V(t) = I ....[From (i)]
2 2

Evaluation Test

1. The given equation is dy x 1  y 4

 
dx y 1  x 4
1  x4  1  y 4  a ( x2  y 2 )
 Degree and order are both 1.
Put x2 = sin , y2 = sin 
The equation becomes 2. Since, the given differential equation cannot
cos  + cos  = a (sin   sin ) be expressed as a polynomial in differential
    coefficients, so its degree is not defined.
2 cos   cos  
 2   2  3. The equation of tangent at any point P(x, y) is
    dy
= 2a sin   cos   Yy= (X – x)
 2   2  dx
    dx 
 cot  =a This meets the X-axis at A  x  y ,0 .
 2   dy 
    = 2 cot1 a Similarly, it meets the Y-axis at
 sin1 x2  sin1 y2 = 2 cot1 a  dy 
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get B  0, y  x  .
 dx 
1 1 dy
 2x   2y  0 According to the given condition,
1 x 4
1 y 4 dx P is the mid-point of AB.
664
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations

dx dy dy dv
 2x = x  y and 2y = y  x  =v+x
dy dx dx dx
dx dy  The given equation becomes,
 x+y = 0 and y + x = 0 dv f (v)
dy dx v+x =v+
dx f (v)
Both of these equations reduce to
1 f (v)
1 1  dx = dv
dx  dy  0 x f (v)
x y
Integrating on both sides, we get
Integrating both sides, we get
log x = log f(v) + log K
log x + log y = log c  x = f(v)K
 log (xy) = log c  y
 xy = c, which is the equation of rectangular  x = Kf  
x
hyperbola.
 y 1 1
 f   =  x = cx, where c =
4. 
1  x2  1  y 2  A x 1  y 2  y 1  x2  x K K

Put x = tan , y = tan  dy

6. The given equation is  f ( x) y = f ( x)f ( x)
The equation becomes dx
I.F. = e 
f  ( x ) dx
sec  + sec  = A (tan  sec   tan  sec )   ef ( x )
1 1  sin  1 sin  1   the required solution is
   A    
cos  cos   cos  cos  cos  cos   y.ef (x) =  ef ( x ) .f ( x)f ( x)dx
cos   cos   sin   sin   =  e t .t dt , where f(x) = t
  A 
cos  cos   cos  cos   = t.e t   e t .dt
 cos  + cos  = A (sin   sin )
= tet  et + c
     y.e = f(x) ef (x)  ef (x) + c
f (x)
 2 cos   cos  
 2   2   y = f(x)  1 + cef (x)
    7. The given equation is
= A.2 sin   cos  
 2   2  2
2 ex
   (x + 1) f (x)  2(x + x) f(x) =
 cot  =A x 1
 2  If y = f(x), the equation is
    = 2 cot1 A dy ex
2

 tan1 x  tan1 y = 2 cot1 A  2 xy = , which is a linear equation

dx ( x  1)2
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
I.F. = e 
 2 x dx 2
1 1 dy   e x
  0
1  x 2 1  y 2 dx  the required solution is
2 1 1
dy 1  y 2 y.e  x =  dx + c =  c
  ( x  1) 2
x 1
dx 1  x 2
When x = 0, y = 5
 Degree and order of the differential equation
 c=6
are both 1.
2 1
 y.e  x =  6
 y x 1
f 
dy y x 1  6 x  6 6x  5
5.     = =
dx x  y x 1 x 1
f  
x  6 x  5  x2
 y = f(x) =  e
Put y = vx  x 1 
665
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
4 3 1
60. Volume of sphere (V) = r 64. Let f(x) = 3
x  x3
3
Surface area of sphere (A) = 4r2 1  23 1
 f (x) = x = 2
dV dA 3
= 4r2 and = 8r 3x 3
dr dr Here, a = –1, and h = 0.01
 dV  f (a + h)  f (a) + h f (a)
 dV   dr  4πr 2 r 1
1
   = = =  (1) 3  0.01 
 dA   dA  8πr 2 2
  3  1 3
 dr 
 dV  4  – 1 + 0.0033
   = = 2 cm3/cm2  – 0. 9967
 dA  r  4 2
61. W = nw, n = 2t2 + 3 and w = t2  t + 2 65. Let f(x) = 5 x = x1/5
dW dn dw dn dW 1 1
 w n ,  4t,  2t  1  f  (x) = x–4/5 =
dt dt dt dt dt 5 5x 4/5
At t = 1, Here, a = 243 and h = –0.001
dn dW f(a + h) ≈ f(a) + h f  (a)
n = 5, w = 2,  4, 1 1
dt dt = (243)1/5 – 0.001 ×
5  243
4/5
 dW 
   = 2(4) + 5(1) = 13
 dt (t 1) 0.001
=3–
62. According to the given condition, 5  81
dy dx 1
=8 ….(i) =3–
dt dt 405000
Given, 6y = x3 + 2 ….(ii) 1214999
 f(242.999) =
 dy  dx 405000
 6   = 3x2
 dx  dt 66. Let f(x) = cos x
 8dx   f  (x) = –sin x
2 dx
6   = 3x ….[From (i)] Here, a = 30 and h = 1 = 0.0174
 dt  dt
 f(a + h) ≈ f(a) + h f  (a)
 3x2 = 48  x2 = 16  x = 4
Putting x = 4 in (ii), we get 3  1 
≈ + 0.0174  
6y = (4)3 + 2 = 64 + 2 2  2 
 y = 11 1.73 0.0174
≈ –
Putting x =  4 in (ii), we get 2 2
y =  64 + 2 ≈ 0.8563
 62 31 67. f(x) = ex (sin x – cos x)
 y= =
6 3  f (x) = ex (sin x –cos x) + ex (cos x + sin x)
 the required points on the curve are (4, 11) and  f (x) = 2ex sin x
 31  Now, f (c) = 0
  4, .  2 ec sin c = 0
 3 
 sin c = 0 = sin 
63. f(x) = x3 + 5x2 – 7x + 9 c=
 f (x) = 3x2 + 10x – 7
Here, a = 1 and h = 0.1   3 
68. Here, f   = e0 = 1 and f   = e0 = 1
 f(a) = f(1) = 13 + 5(1)2 – 7(1) + 9 = 8 2  2 
and f (a) = f (1) = 3(1)2 + 10(1) – 7 = 6   3 
 f = f 
 f (a + h)  f(a) + hf (a)  
2  2 
 8 + 0.1 (6)  Third condition of Rolle’s theorem is satisfied
 8 + 0.6  8.6 by option (A) only.
487
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
dy dt
= e
tan x dx
 I.F. Put e y = t,  e y 
dx dx
= elog (sec x ) = sec x
 The given equation becomes
 the required solution is
dt
t sec x =  sec2 x dx  c  e x .t  e x , which is a linear equation.
dx
1 e x dx
I.F. = e 
x
 sec x = tan x + c   ee
y
 the required solution is
 sec x = y (c + tan x) x x
t.ee =  ee .e x dx
dy 2
13. (xy  x2) =y =  e z .dz , where ex = z
dx
dx = ez + c
 y2 = xy  x2
dy  t.ee
x x
= ee  c
Dividing by x2y2, we get x x
 e y .ee  ee  c
1 dx 1 1 1
=  
x 2 dy x y y 2 15. The equation of the tangent to the curve
1 dx 1 1 1 y = f(x) at P (x, y) is
    
x 2 dy x y y 2 dy
Yy= (X  x)
1 dx
Put t  dx 
x This meets the X-axis at  x  y ,0  .
1 dx dt  dy 
  2 =
x d y dy According to the given condition,
 The equation becomes y
x =y
dt 1 1 dy
  t  2 , which is a linear equation dx
dy y y
y
 dy
1
 xy=
 I.F. = e y = elog y = y dy
 the required solution is dx
1 dy y
ty =  dy + c  = , which is a homogeneous d.E.
y dx x  y
 ty = log y + c Put y = vx
y dy dv
 = log y + c  =v+x
x dx dx
 y = x (log y + c)  the equation becomes,
The curve passes through the point (1, 1). dv vx v
 1 = 1(0 + c),  c = 1 v+x = =
dx x  vx 1  v
 the required solution is y = x (log y  1). dv v
 x = v
dy xy dx 1 v
14. = e (1  ey)
dx v  v  v2
=
dy 1 v
 e y = ex (1  ey)
dx 1 v 1
 dv = dx
dy v2 x
 e y = ex  ex.ey
dx Integrating both sides, we get
dy  2 1  1
 e y + e x e y = ex
dx
  v  v  dv   x dx + c
667
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1 (C) f(tx, ty) = tx log t 2 x 2  t 2 y 2  log t y 
   log v = log x + c  
v tx
x  y + ty e ty
   log   = log x + c
y  x  t 2 x2  t 2 y 2 
x

x = t  x log   ty e y
   log y + log x = log x + c  ty 
y
 
 
x

x = t  x log x 2  y 2  log y  y e y 
   log y = c
y  
This curve passes through (1, 1). = t f(x, y)
 Homogeneous of degree 1.
 c = 1
x (D) f(tx, ty)
   log y = 1
  2t x  t y  
2 2 2 2
y
= tx log    log (tx  ty ) 
x   tx  
 + log y = 1
y  tx  2ty 
+ t 2 y 2 tan  
x  3tx  ty 
 log y = 1 
y  2x2 + y 2  2 2  x  2y 
= tx  log   t y tan  
1
x

x
 x( x  y )   3x  y 
 y= e y
= e.e y

x
 Non-Homogeneous.
 ye = ey
dy sin 2 y
18. 
dx x  tan y
dy 1  y2
16. = dx x  tan y
dx y  
dy sin 2 y
y dx x tan y
  1  y2
dy = 1dx   =
dy sin 2 y sin 2 y
,

  1  y2 = x + c which is a linear equation

1 1

I.F. = e 
2 2  cosec 2 y dy  log(tan y )
 (x + c) = 1  y  e 2
e log (tan y ) 2

 (x + c)2 + y2 = 1 = elog cot y

 Radius is fixed, which is 1 and the centre is = cot y
(c, 0) which is a variable centre on the
X-axis.  the required solution is
tan y
x cot y =  cot y dy  c
tx  ty  x y  sin 2 y
17. (A) f(tx, ty) = = t1  2 2 
t x t y x y 
2 2 2 2
1 sin y 1
= t f(x, y) 1
=   
tan y cos y 2sin y cos y
dy  c

 Homogeneous of degree 1. 1

= 2 tan y
sec2 y dy + c
1

2
 tx 
(B) f(tx, ty) = (tx) 3 (ty) 3 tan 1  
 ty   x cot y = tan y  c
  x  1
1 1

2  
= (t) tan 1    t 3 f ( x, y )
3
x3 y 3 The curve passes through  1,  .
 4
 y
 1 = 1 + c,  c = 0
1
 Homogeneous of degree  .  the equation of the curve is
3 x = tan y
668
 Chapter 07: Differential Equations
19. The equation of hyperbola is xy = 2 The equation of the normal is
2 1
 y= Yy=  (X – x)
x dy
dy 2 dx
 m1 = =  2 (slope of tangent to the
dx x dy
 (Y – y) + (X – x) = 0
hyperbola) dx
dy The normal passes through the point (3, 0).
m2 = = slope of tangent to the required
dx dy
 (0  y) + (3  x) = 0
family of curves. dx
The curves are intersecting orthogonally, dy
m1m2 = 1  y =3x
dx
dy  2   ydy = (3  x) dx
     = 1
dx  x 2  y2 x2
Integrating both sides, we get = 3x  + c
dy x2 2 2
 =
dx 2 7
The curve passes through (3 , 4),  c =
x3 2
Integrating both sides, we get y = + c, 2 2
6 y x 7
 the equation of the curve is  3x  
which is the equation of required family of 2 2 2
curves.  x2 + y2  6x  7 = 0
20. The given equation is 22. The given equation can be written as
dy ( y  y3 ) ( y  y 3 ) xdy  ydx = xy3 (1 + log x) dx
 
dx 1  x  xy 1  x(1  y 2 )
2
 ydx  xdy 
   = xy (1 + log x) dx
dx 1  x(1  y 2 )  y2 
 
dy y (1  y 2 ) x
 d   = xy (1 + log x) dx
1 x  y
=  2

y (1+ y ) y x x
dx 1 1   d   = x2 (1 + log x) dx
   x=  , which is a linear y  y
dy y y (1  y 2 ) Integrating both sides, we get
equation 2
1 x
 dy  
 I.F. = e y
= elog y = y y
   = (1  log x)  x 2dx
 the required solution is 2
1 d  c
xy =   dy + c    (1  log x)  x 2 dx  dx 
1  y2  dx  2
 xy = tan1 y + c x2 x3 1 x3 c

 
2y 2
= (1 + log x) .
3
   dx 
x 3 2
The curve passes through (0, 1)  c =
4 x2 x3 x3 c
 the required equation of the curve is   = (1 + log x).  
2 y2 3 9 2

xy + tan1 y = x2 2 x3 2 x3
4   = (1  log x )  c
y2 3 9
dy
21. Slope of tangent = 2 x3  1
dx =  1  log x    c
3  3
1
 slope of normal =  x2 2 x3  2 
dy   =   log x   c
dx y2 3 3 

669
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
88. f(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 24x + 5 92. If f(x) = (a + 2)x3 – 3ax2 + 9ax – 1
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0 decreases monotonically for all x  R,
 3x2 – 6x – 24 > 0 then f (x)  0 for all x  R
 x2 – 2x – 8 > 0  3(a + 2)x2 – 6ax + 9a  0 for all x  R
 x2 – 4x + 2x – 8 > 0  (a + 2)x2 – 2ax + 3a  0 for all x  R
 (x + 2) (x – 4) > 0  a + 2 < 0 and Discriminant  0
 x (– , – 2)  (4, )  a < – 2, – 8a2 – 24a  0
89. f(x) = 2x3  9x2  12x + 1  a < – 2 and a(a + 3)  0
 f (x) = 6x2  18x  12  a < – 2, a  – 3 or a  0
For f(x) to be decreasing, f (x)  0 a–3–<a–3
  6x2  18x  12  0 x
 x2 + 3x + 2  0  (x + 2)(x + 1)  0 93. f(x) =
x 1
2
 x  2 or x  1
 x  (1, ) or (, 2)  f(x) =
x 2
 1 1  x  2 x 
=
1  x2
x  1 x  1
2 2 2 2

90. f(x) = x + 1  x
1 For f(x) to be increasing
 f  (x) = 1 – 1  x2
2 1 x f(x) > 0  >0
 x2  1
2
For f(x) to be decreasing f  (x) < 0
1 x2 + 1  0  x2  –1
1– <0
2 1 x 1 – x2 > 0
1  x2 < 1
1<
2 1 x  x  (–1, 1)
 2 1 x < 1
 4 (1 – x) < 1 94. f(x) = log(1 + x)  2 x
2 x
1
1–x< 1 (2  x).(2)  2 x(1)
4  f (x) = 
1 x (2  x) 2
3
 <x x2
4  f (x) =
( x  1)( x  2) 2
3 
 x   ,1  f (x)  0 for all x  0
4 
Hence, f(x) is increasing on (0, ).
91. f(x) = sin4 x + cos4 x
95. f(x) = (x + 2)ex
 f (x) = – sin 4x
 f (x) = ex  ex (x + 2) = ex (x + 1)
 f (x) > 0
For f(x) to be increasing,
 – sin 4x > 0  ex (x + 1)  0  ex (x + 1)  0
 sin 4x < 0  (x + 1)  0
 (2n + 1)  < 4x < (2n + 2)   x < 1
(2n  1) (n  1)  x  (, 1)
 < x <
4 2  the function is increasing in (, 1).
   For f(x) to be decreasing,  ex (x + 1)  0
For n = 0, < x <
4 2  ex (x + 1)  0
 4 3 x+1>0
Now, = >
2 8 8  x > 1
  3   x  (1, )
 f(x) is increasing in  ,  .
4 8   the function is decreasing in (1, ).
490
 Textbook
Chapter No.

08 Probability Distribution
Hints

Classical Thinking 8. E(X) =  x .P( x )

i i

1. The sum of all the probabilites in a probability 1  3  3 1

= 0  + 1  + 2  + 3 
distribution is always unity. 8 8 8 8
 0.1 + k + 0.2 + 2k + 0.3 + k = 1 3 6 3 3
=   =
 4k + 0.6 = 1  4k = 0.4  k = 0.1 8 8 8 2
4
2. Since,  PX  x = 1
x 1
9. E(X) =  x  P( x )
i i

= 0 (0.2) + 1 (0.5) + 3 (0.2) + 5 (0.1)

1 1 1
 + + +k=1 = 0 + 0.5 + 0.6 + 0.5
8 2 4 = 1.6
1 4  2
k+ =1 Variance =  xi2  P( xi )  [E(X)]2
8
7 1 = (0)2 (0.2) + (1)2 (0.5) + (3)2 (0.2)
k=1 = + (5)2 (0.1)  (1.6)2
8 8
= 4.8  2.56 = 2.24
4
3. Since,  PX  x = 1
x 0
10. Since, Var (X) = E (X2)  [E (X)]2
 k + 2k + 3k + 2k + k = 1  4 = 13  [E (X) ]2
1  [E (X)]2 = 13  4 = 9
 9k = 1  k =  E (X) = 3
9
4. The probability distribution of X is 11. Since, Var (X) = E (X2)  [E (X)]2
X
 6 = E (X2)  (5)2
0 1 2
P (X) k 2k 3k  E (X2) = 25 + 6 = 31

 x  P( x )
2
12. Mean = E (X) =
Since,  P(X  x) = 1
x 0
i i

1 1 1 1
 k + 2k + 3k = 1 = (1) + (2) + (3) + (4)
6 3 3 6
1
 6k =1  k = 1 2 4 1 4  6  4
6 = + +1+ =
6 3 6 6
5. P(X  2) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) 15 5
5
C 5
C 5
C = =
= 5 0 + 51 + 5 2 6 2
2 2 2 Variance =  xi2  P( xi )  [E (X)]2
2
1  5 10 16 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 5
= = = (1) + (2) + (3) + (4)   
25 32 6 3 3 6 2
6. F (1) = 0.2 + 0.3 = 0.5 1 4 9 16 25
= + + + 
6 3 3 6 4
7. F(x1) = p1 = 0.05
F(x2) = p1 + p2 = 0.05 + 0.2 = 0.25 2  16  36  32  75
=
F(x3) = p1+ p2 + p3 = 0.25 + 0.15 = 0.4 12
F(x4) = p1 + p2 + p3+ p4 = 0.4 + 0.25 = 0.65 86  75 11
= =
F(x5) = p1 + p2 + p3+ p4 + p5 = 0.65 + 0.35 = 1 12 12
671
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

1 2 3  1  18

13. E(X) = 1  + 2   + 3   + 4   =
7 7 7 7 7 Critical Thinking
1 2 3 1. The sum of all the probabilities in a
E(X2) = (12)   + (22)   + (32)  
7 7 7 probability distribution is always unity.
In option (A), we have 0.3 + 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.1 = 1
1
+ (42)  
7 4

1 8 27 16 52
2. Since,  P(X  x) = 1
x 1
=    
7 7 7 7 7  k + 2k + 3k + 4k = 1
2 2
 Var(X) = E(X )  [E(X)] 1
2
 10k = 1 k=
52  18  40 10
=   = Now, P (X  3) = P (X = 1) + P (X = 2)
7 7 49
3
= k + 2k
14. P(1 < X < 3) =  f ( x) dx 1
= 3k = 3   = 0.3
1  10 
3
1 1 3 2
=  5 dx =  x1  4

1
5 5 3. Since,  P (X  x) = 1
x 0
1/ 2
1 1  k + 3k + 5k + 2k + k = 1
15. P  X   =
3 2  f ( x ) dx 1
1/3
 12 k = 1  k=
1/ 2
5 12
 2 x dx =  x 
2 1/2
= 1/3  Now, P (X  2) = P (X=2) + P (X=3) + P (X=4)
1/3
36
= 5k + 2k + k
1.5 1.5
1 2
16. P(0.5  X  1.5) =  f ( x ) dx =
0.5
 0.5 x dx
0.5
= 8k = 8   =
 12  3
1.5
 x2  1 6
= 0.5   
 2  0.5 2
4. Since,  PX  x = 1
x 0
4
 k + 3k + 5k + 7k + 9k + 11k + 13k = 1
17. P(X > 3) =  f ( x )dx 1
3  49k = 1  k =
4 49
x
4
1  x2  7 
=  dx =    P(0 < X < 4)
3
8 8  2  3 16 = P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
18. Since, f(x) is the p.d.f. of X. 15
= 3k + 5k + 7k = 15k =
 49
  f(x) dx

 1
5. P(X is odd)
2 = P(X = 3) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 1)+ P(X = 3)
2
 x3 
  k x 2 dx  1  k   = 1 = 0.05 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 0.10 = 0.55
0  3 0
6.
8  3 X=x 0 1 2 3 4
k  =1k=
3 8 P(X = x) k 4k 6k 4k k
4
19. The c.d.f. of X is
x
Since,  P(X  x) = 1
x
x2
1x  3 x 0

F(x) = 1 3 dx = 3  3   k + 4k + 6k + 4k + k = 1
1  16k = 1
1  x3 1  x 3 1 1
=   =  k=
3 3 3 9 9 16
672
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
124. f (x) = x2 + ex 128. Let x and y be the lengths of two adjacent sides
f (x) = 2x + ex of the rectangle.
f ″ (x) = 2 + ex Then, its perimeter is P = 2(x + y) ….(i)
f ‴ (x) = ex P  2x
y=
f ( x ) = ex 2
 f3 = f4  n = 3 Area of rectangle, A = xy
 P  2 x  Px  2 x
2
125. Let x and y be the lengths of two adjacent =x  

sides of the rectangle.  2  2
Then, its perimeter is 2(x + y) = 36 dA P  4 x 2
dA
 x + y = 18  y = 18  x ….(i)   and 2  2
dx 2 dx
Area of rectangle,
For maximum or minimum,
A = xy = x (18  x) = 18x  x2
dA
dA 0
  18  2 x dx
dx
P  4x
For maximum or minimum,  0
dA 2
= 0  18  2x = 0  x = 9  P = 4x
dx
 2 x + 2y = 4x ….[From (i)]
From (i), y = 18  9 = 9
x=y
126. Total length of wire = r + r + r
 d2A 
 20 = 2r + r   2  x  y  2  0
20  2r   dx 
= r Hence, the area of a rectangle will be
r
maximum when rectangle is a square.
1
A = r 2
2 1000t
129. p(t) = 1000 +
1 2  20  2r  2
100  t 2
= r   = 10r  r dp (100  t 2 )1000  1000t.2t
2  r   
dA dt (100  t 2 ) 2
 = 10  2r
dr 1000(100  t 2 )
=
dA (100  t 2 ) 2
For maximum area, =0
dr For extremum,
 0 = 10  2r  10 = 2r  r = 5 m dp
= 0  t = 10
1 dt
 Area = r (20  2r)
2 dp dp
Now > 0 and <0
1 dt t 10 dt
=  5  (20  10) = 25 sq.m. t 10
2 dp
127. Let x + y = 4  y = 4  x  At t = 10, change from positive to negative.
dt
1 1 x y It is a critical point.
+ =
x y xy  p is maximum at t = 10.
4 4 4  pmax = p(10)
f(x) = = =
xy x(4  x) 4 x  x2 1000.10
= 1000 + = 1050
4 100  102
 f (x) = .(4  2 x )
(4 x  x 2 ) 2 1 1
For maximum or minimum of f(x), 130. f(x) = x +  f (x) = 1 2
x x
f (x) = 0  4  2x = 0  f (x) = 0 x2  1 = 0  x = 1, 1
 x = 2 and y = 2 But it is given that x is positive
1 1 1 1 1
 min    = + = 1  at x = 1, f(x) = 1 + =2
x y 2 2 1

494
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
P(X = 2) = Probability of getting two defective 19. The sum of all the probabilities in a
5
C2 × 15 C2 70 probability distribution is always unity.
mangoes = 20
=  k + 3k + 3k + k = 1
C4 323
P(X = 3) = Probability of getting three  8k = 1
5
C3 × 15 C1 10 1
defective mangoes = = k=
20
C4 323 8
P(X = 4) = Probability of getting four defective 1  3 3 1
E(X) = 0    1   2    3  
5
C 1 8 8 8 8
mangoes = 20 4 = 3
C4 969 =
2
15. P(x = 2) = F(2)  F(1) = 0.43  0.18 = 0.25 Var(X) = E(X2) – [E(X)]2
P(x = 3) = F(3)  F(2) = 0.54  0.43 = 0.11 2
1 3 3 1  3
P(x = 4) = F(4)  F(3) = 0.68  0.54 = 0.14 = 0    12    22    32     
2

 P(1 < x < 5) = P(x = 2) + P(x = 3) + P(x = 4) 8 8 8 8  2
= 0.25 + 0.11 + 0.14 = 0.50 3
=
4
16. P(X = 1) = F(1)  F(0) = 0.65  0.5 = 0.15
P(X = 3) = F(3)  F(1) = 0.75  0.65 = 0.10 20. Mean = E(X) =  xi .P( xi )
P(X = 5) = 0.85  0.75 = 0.10
= 1(0.1) + 2(0.2) + 3(0.3) + 4(0.4) = 3
P(X = 7) = 0.90  0.85 = 0.05
P(X = 9) = 1  0.90 = 0.10 Var(X) =  xi2 .P( xi )  [E(X)]2
 P (X  3|X > 0) = 12(0.1) + 22(0.2) + 32(0.3) + 42(0.4)  (3)2
P(X 1)  P(X  3) = 0.1 + 0.8 + 2.7 + 6.4  9 = 10  9 = 1
=
P(X 1)  P(X  3)  P(X  5)  P(X  7)  P(X  9)  S.D. = 1
0.15  0.1 21. The p.m.f. of the r.v. X is as follows:
=
0.15  0.1 0.1 0.05  0.1
0.25 1 X=x –1 0 1 2
= =
0.50 2 2 3 1 1
P(X = x)
17. The sum of all the probabilities in a 5 10 5 10
probability distribution is always unity.
 0.1 + k + 0.2 + 2k + 0.3 + k = 1 2 1  1 
 E(X) = 1   + 0 + 1   + 2   = 0
 0.6 + 4k = 1 5 5  10 
 4k = 0.4
 k = 0.1 22.
 E(X) = (– 2) (0.1) + (–1) (0.1) + 0 (0.2) X=x 1 2 3 4
+ 1 (2  0.1) + 2 (0.3) + 3 (0.1) = 0.8 P(X = x) k 4k 9k 16k
18. The sum of all the probabilities in a Since, P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(4) = 1
probability distribution is always unity.  k + 4k + 9k + 16k = 1
 0.2 + 0.1 + 0.3 + k = 1  30k = 1
 k = 1  0.6 = 0.4 1
E(X) =  xi  P( xi ) k=
30
= 1(0.2) + 2(0.1) + 3(0.3) + 4(0.4) 1 4 9 16
= 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.9 + 1.6 = 2.9  E(X) = 1. + 2. + 3. + 4.
30 30 30 30
Var(X) = E(X2)  [E (X)]2
100
= (1)2 (0.2) + (2)2 (0.1) + (3)2 (0.3) =
+ (4)2 (0.4)  (2.9)2 30
= 0.2 + 0.4 + 2.7 + 6.4  8.41 10
=
= 9.7  8.41 = 1.29 3
674
 Chapter 08: Probability Distribution
C C C 27. X can take values 0, 1, 2 and 3.
23. P(1) = 3
, P(2) = 3 , P(3) = 3 P(X = 0) = Probability of getting no head
1 2 3
Since, P(1) + P(2) + P(3) = 1 1
=
C C C 8
 + 3 + 3 =1
13
2 3 P(X = 1) = Probability of getting one head
1 1 1  3
C     =1 =
 1 8 27  8
 216  27  8  P(X = 2) = Probability of getting two heads
C  = 1 3
 216  =
8
216
C= P(X = 3) = Probability of getting three heads
251
1
C C C =
 E(X) = (1) 3 + (2) 3 + (3) 3 8
1 2 3
 94 1  3  3 1
 1 1   36  E(X) = (0)   + (1)   + (2)   + (3)  
= C 1    = C   8 8 8 8
 4 9  36 
216 49 294 3 3 3 12 3
=  = =0+ + + = =
251 36 251 8 4 8 8 2
28. X can take values 0, 1 and 2.
24. E (X) = x  P( x ) = 1.6
i i
P(X = 0) = Probability of getting no tail
Var(X) =  x  P( x )  [E(X)]2
2
i i 1
=
= 4.8  2.56 4
= 2.24 P(X = 1) = Probability of getting one tail
Now, 4 E (X2)  Var (X) 1
= 4  xi2  P( xi )  Var (X) = 4 (4.8)  2.24 =
2
= 19.2  2.24 P(X = 2) = Probability of getting two tails
= 16.96 1
=
25. E(X) =  x  P( x )
i i
4
= 0(q2) + 1(2pq) + 2(p2) 1 1 1
 E(X) = 0   + (1)   + 2  
= 2pq + 2p2 4 2 4
= 2p(q + p) 1 1
= 2p ....[ p + q = 1] =0+ + =1
2 2
Var(X) = E(X2)  [E(X)]2 Var(X) = E(X2)  [E(X)]2
= 0(q2) + 12(2pq) + 22(p2)  (2p)2 1 1 1
= 2pq + 4p2 – 4p2 = 02   + 12   + 22    (1)2
= 2pq 4 2 4
1
26. E(X) =  x P(x )
i i
=
2
= 0 (q ) + 1(3q2p) + 2 (3qp2) + 3(p3)
3

= 3pq (q + 2p) + 3p3 29. X can take values 0, 1 and 2.

= 3pq [(p + q) + p] + 3p3 25
P(X = 0) = Probability of not getting six =
= 3pq (1 + p) + 3p3 ....[ p + q = 1] 36
2
= 3pq + 3p q + 3p 3 10
P(X = 1) = Probability of getting one six =
= 3pq + 3p2 (q + p) 36
= 3p(q + p) ....[ p + q = 1] 1
P(X = 2) = Probability of getting two sixes =
= 3p(1) 36
= 3p  the probability distribution of X is given by
675
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
X 1 0 2 2
= (1 + 4 + 9 + … + n2)
10 251 n(n  1)
P (X)
36 3636 2
25 10 1 = (12 + 22 + 32 + … + n2)
 E(X) = xi.P(xi) = 0  +1  +2  n(n  1)
36 36 36 2 n(n  1)(2n  1)
10 2 1 = 
=  = n(n  1) 6
36 36 3
2n  1
30. In a single throw of a pair of dice, the sum of =
3
the numbers on them can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12. So X can take values 2,3,4,…, 12.
The probability distribution of X is
33. E(X) =  x P(x )
i i

X: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 1 1 1

=1   +2   +3   +….+ n  
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 n n n n
P(X) :
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 1  2  3  ....  n
=
1 2 3 4 n
 E(X) = 2+ 3+ 4+ 5
36 36 36 36 1 n(n  1)
5 6 5 4 = 
+ 6+ 7+ 8+ 9 n 2
36 36 36 36 n 1
3 2 1 =
+  10 +  11 +  12 2

1
36 36 36 2
E(X ) =  xi2  P(xi)
 E(X) = (2 + 6 + 12 + 20 + 30 + 42 + 40 1 1 1 1
36 = 12   + 22   + 32   +….+ n2  
+ 36 + 30 + 22 + 12) n n n n
252 1  2  3  ....  n
2 2 2 2
 E(X) = =7 =
36 n
1 n(n  1)(2n  1)
31. E(X) =  x .P( x )
i i = 
n 6
1 1 1 1 (n  1)(2n  1)
= 1   + 2   + ….+ 14   + 15  
 15   15   15   15  =
6
1  Var (X) = E(X2)  [E(X)]2
= (1 + 2 + 3 + …. + 14 + 15)
15 (n  1)(2n  1) (n  1) 2
1  15  16   n n  n  1  = 
=   ....   r   6 4
15  2   r 1 2 
n  1  2n  1 n  1 
=8 =   
2  3 2 
32. n2 1
=
X 1 2 3 .… n 12
2 4 6 2n  Standard deviation of X
P(X) n(n  1) n(n  1) n(n  1) …. n(n  1) n2 1
= V ar (X) =
12
E(X) =  x P(x ) i i 34. Let X = demand for each type of cake
2 4 6 (according to the profit)
= 1. + 2. + 3.
n  n 1 n  n 1 n  n 1 P(X = 3) = 10% =
10
= 0.1
2n 100
+.... + n. 5
n  n 1 P(X = 2.5) = 5% = = 0.05
100
676
 Chapter 08: Probability Distribution
20 1 1
P(X = 2) = 20% = = 0.2 1 1 3 3
100 38. P   X   =  f ( x) dx =  3(1  2x2) dx
50 4 3 1 1
P(X = 1.5) = 50% = = 0.5 4 4
100 3 1/3
15 = [3x – 2x ] 1/4
P(X = 1) = 15% = = 0.15
100
 The probability distribution table is as follows:  2  3 1 
= 1   –   
X 3 2.5 2 1.5 1  27   4 32 
P(X) 0.1 0.05 0.2 0.5 0.15 1 1 2 179
= + – =
4 32 27 864
E(X) =  x P(x )i i

= 3(0.1) + 2.5(0.05) + 2(0.2) + 1.5(0.5)
+ 1(0.15)
39.  f  x  dx = 1

= 0.3 + 0.125 + 0.4 + 0.75 + 0.15 = 1.725 4
K
35. Since, f (x) is the p.d.f. of X
 
0 x
dx = 1
 4
  f  x  dx  1  K  2 x  = 1
0

3  2K  4  0  = 1
  C  9  x  dx  1
2

0  4K = 1
 x3 
3
1
 C 9 x   = 1 K=
3 0 4

 P(X  1) = P(1  X < 4)
1
 C (27 – 9) = 1  C = 4
4
18 =  f  x  d x = 2K  x 
1
1
36. Since, f(x) is the p.d.f. of X.
1 1

=2 (2 – 1) = = 0.5
  f ( x)dx  1

4 2
0 1  40. P(|X| < 1) = P(1 < X < 1)
  f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx 1 1
 x2

1
0 1 =  
1
 dx
18 
 0 +  kx 2 (1  x)dx  0  1 1
1

18 1
0 = ( x  2) dx
1
 x3 x 4 
 k    = 1  k = 12 1
3 4 0 1  x2 
=   2x
18  2  1
37. Since, f(x) is the p.d.f. of X.
 1 5 3 4 2
  f  x  dx  1 =    = =
18  2 2  18 9

3
x   x3 
0.5
    k  dx = 1
0.5
x2
6 41. P(0.2  X  0.5) =  dx =  
0  8
3
0.2  24  0.2
 x2  3 1 
   kx  = 1   3k = 1 =  0.5   0.2  
3 3

 12 0 4 24 
1 1 0.125  0.008 0.117
 3k = k= = =
4 12 24 24
677
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
142. Let f(x) = x3  px + q. Then, x

f (x) = 3x2  p 145. f(x) = 

0
t sin t dt  f (x) = x sin x
 p  p
= 3  x    x   For local maximum or minimum of f(x),
 3  3 
f (x) = 0  x sin x = 0
The signs of f (x) for different values of x are
as shown below:   5  
 x = , 2 ....  x  0,  
+  +   2 
 p p  The changes in signs of f (x) in the
 neighbourhoods of  and 2 are as shown
3 3
below:
Since, f (x) changes its sign form positive to +  +
p  2
negative in the neighbourhood of  .
3
Clearly, f (x) changes its sign from positive to
p negative in the neighbourhood of x =  and
So,  is a point of local maximum.
3 negative to positive in the neighbourhood of
p x = 2. Thus, f(x) has a local maximum at
Similarly, x = is a point of local minimum.
3 x =  and a local minimum at x = 2.
143. For any x  [0, 1], we have   x  x 2  1, x   1
x2  x  1 
 x  x  1 , 1 x  0
2
2 2 2
 x2 e x  x e x  e x 146. f(x) = |x| + |x2  1| = 
 x  x  1 , 0  x 1
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
 e  x + x2 e x  e  x + x e x  e –x + e x  x  x 2  1 , x 1
 h(x)  g(x)  f(x)
2 2  2x 1 , x  1
Now, f(x) = e x + e  x  2 x  1 , 1 x  0
  > 0 for all x  (0, 1]

 f (x) = 2x e x  e x
2 2
 f (x) = 
2 x  1 , 0  x 1
 f(x) is increasing on (0, 1]  2 x  1 , x 1
 f(1) is the maximum value of f(x) on [0, 1] Here, f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1, 0, 1.
 a = e + e1
The changes in signs of f (x) for different
Also, f(1) = g(1) = h(1) = e + e1 values of x are as shown below:
 a = b = c = e + e1  +  +  +
144. If f(x) has a local minimum at x = 1, then 1 1/2 0 1/2 1
lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )
x 1 x 1 So, f (x) changes its sign at 5 points.
 lim (2 x  3)  lim (k  2 x) Hence, total number of points of local
x 1 x 1
maximum or local minimum of f(x) is 5.
2+3=k+2k=1
Y  ex , 0  x 1
 x 1
f(x) = k2x 147. f(x) =  2  e , 1 x  2
f(x) = 2x+3 x e , 2 x3

x
(1, 1) and g(x) =  f (t)dt, x  [1, 3]
0

2  e x 1 1  x  2
X (1, 0) O X  g(x) = f(x) = 
 xe 2 x3
Now, g(x) = 0  x = 1 + loge 2 and x = e
Also, g(x) > 0 for x  (1, 1 + loge 2)
Y and g(x) < 0 for x  (1 + loge 2, 2).
497
 Chapter 08: Probability Distribution
Now, P(X = prime value)
Competitive Thinking = P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 5)
3a 4a 6a
3 = + +
1. Since,  P X  x = 1 4 8 32
x 1 23a
=
 0.3 + k + 2k + 2k = 1 16
 5k = 0.7 23 4
 k = 0.14 = ×
16 15
6 23
2. Since,  P(X  x)  1
x 1
=
60
 0.1 + 2k + k + 0.2 + 3k + 0.1 = 1 1 1 5
 6k = 1  0.4 = 0.6 6. Mean = (1)   + (2)   + (3)  
4 8 8
0.6
 k= = 0.1 19
6 =
8
3. When we get 1, positive divisors = 1
When we get 2, positive divisors = 2 1 1 1 1
7. Mean = 1   + 2   + 3   + 4  
When we get 3, positive divisors = 2 6  3  3 6
When we get 4, positive divisors = 3 1 2 3 2
= + + +
When we get 5, positive divisors = 2 6 3 3 3
When we get 6, positive divisors = 4 1 7
 range of random variable X = {1, 2, 3, 4} = +
6 3
4. When a coin is tossed 3 times possibilities are 15
=
HHH TTT HHT HTH 6
Absolute 5
=
difference 2
between 3–0=3 3–0=3 2–1=1 2–1=1 6
Heads and 8. Since  P X  x = 1
Tails(X=xi) x 1

 a + a + a + b + b + 0.3 = 1
THH HTT TTH THT  3a + 2b = 0.7 ...(i)
Absolute Mean = a + 2a + 3a + 4b + 5b + 6 (0.3)
difference  4.2 = 6a + 9b + 1.8
between 2–1=1 2–1=1 2–1=1 2–1=1
 6a + 9b = 2.4 ...(ii)
Heads and
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
Tails(X=xi)
a = 0.1, b = 0.2
6 3
 P(X = 1) = = 1 1 5
8 4 9. E (X) = 3  +4 + 12 
3 4 12
5.
=7
X=k 0 1 2 3 4 5
3a 4a 5a 6a 10. y = 2x
P(X = k) a a
4 8 16 32 x 0 1 2 3
5
y 0 2 4 6
Since,  P (X = k) = 1
k 0
P(y) 1 3 3 1
3a 4a 5a 6a 8 8 8 8
 a+a+ + + + =1  Expected gain = yi P(yi)
4 8 16 32
15 4 1  3  3 1
 a =1a= = 0   + 2 + 4 + 6   =3
4 15 8 8 8 8
679
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
11. E (X) = 2(0.3) + 3(0.4) + 4 (0.3) 15. Let P(X = 3) = a, then
= 0.6 + 1.2 + 1.2 = 3 a a a
P(X = 1) = , P(X = 2) = and P(X = 4) =
 Var(X) = E(X2)  [E(X)] 2 2 3 5
= 4(0.3) + 9(0.4) + 16(0.3)  (3)2 Since, P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
= 9.6  9 = 0.6 + P(X = 4) = 1
a a a
 + +a+ =1
12. E (X) =  x  Px 
i i 2 3 5
= 0(0.1) + 1(0.4) + 2(0.3) + 3(0.2) + 4(0) 30
a=
= 0 + 0.4 + 0.6 + 0.6 + 0 61
= 1.6 Now,
Variance =  xi2 . P (xi) – [E (x)]2
X=x 1 2 3 4
= 02 (0.1) + 12 (0.4) + 22 (0.3)
a a a
+ 32 (0.2) + 42 (0) – 1.62 P(X = x) a
= 0 + 0.4 + 1.2 + 1.8 – 2.56 2 3 5
= 0.84
1 2 4
Now,  = mean = a + a + 3a + a
13. E(X)= xi.P(xi) 2 3 5
 25  5  1  1 149
= 0  + 1  + 2  = = a
 16   18   36  3 30
2
V(X) = xi .P(xi) – [E(X)] 2 2 = variance
2
 25  5  1  1 4 16  149 
= (0)2   + (1)2   + (2)2   = a + a + 9a + a–  a
 36   18   36  2 3 5  30 
2 2
1 421  149 
–  = a–  a
 3 30  30 
7 1 5 2 2
= – = 421  149   149 
18 9 18 Now, 2 + 2 = a–  a +  a
30  30   30 
5 1 5
S.D. = var  X  = = 421 30 421
18 3 2 = × =
30 61 61
1 1 2 1
14. E(X) =  x  P( x ) =  3 + 0 + 6 + 3
i i =
2
16. Var (X) = 2 = 52 = 25
Var (X) = E (X2) – [E(X)]2
Var(X) = E(X2)  [E(X)]2
 25 = E (X2) – 102
 1
2 2
12 22  1   E (X2) = 125
= + 0 + +  
3 6 3 2 2
 X 2  30X  225 
 X  15 
1 1 4 1 E  = E 
= + +   5   25 
3 6 3 4
1
11 1 19 =  E(X 2 ) – 30E(X) + 225
=  = 25 
6 4 12
1
 6 E (X2) – Var(X) = (125 – 300 + 225)
25
1 1 4  19
= 6  0    =2
3 6 3  12
19 17. Let x denote number of defective pens.
= 11  x can take the values 0, 1, 2.
12
4
113 C 2
= P(X = 0) = 6 2 =
12 C2 5

680
 Chapter 08: Probability Distribution
2
C1  4 C1 8 Standard deviation () = E(X 2 )   E(X)
2
P(X = 1) = 6
=
C2 15
4 4
C 2
1 = 
P(X = 2) = 6 2 = 5 9
C2 15
4
=
X=x 0 1 2 3 5
2 8 1
P(x) 4
5 15 15
19. Required probability =  f ( x) dx
E(X) =  xi P( xi ) 0
4
2 8 1 1
= 0   + 1  + 2  
5
=  5 dx
  15
   15  0

10 1 4 4
= =  x  = = 0.8
15 5 0 5
2
= 20. P(X = 4) = F(4)  F(3) = 0.62  0.48 = 0.14
3
P(X = 5) = F(5)  F(4) = 0.85  0.62 = 0.23
E(X ) =  xi2 P( xi )
2

P(3 < X  5) = P(X = 4) + P(X = 5)

2 8 1
= 0   + 1  + 4   = 0.14 + 0.23 = 0.37
5  15   15 
12 4
= =
15 5

Evaluation Test
1. Given, 3. P(E) = P(X = 2 or X = 3 or X = 5 or X = 7)
P(X= 3) = 2P(X= 1) and P(X= 2) = 0.3 ….(i) = P(X = 2) +P(X = 3) +P(X = 5)+P(X= 7)
Now, mean = 1.3 = 0.23 + 0.12 + 0.20 + 0.07 = 0.62
 0  P(X = 0) + 1  P(X = 1) + 2  P(X = 2) P(F) = P(X < 4)
+ 3  P(X = 3) = 1.3 = P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
 7P(X = 1) = 0.7 ….[From (i)] = 0.15 + 0.23 + 0.12 = 0.50
 P(X = 1) = 0.1 P(E  F) = P(X is a prime number less than 4)
Also, P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) = P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
+ P(X = 3) = 1 = 0.23 + 0.12 = 0.35
 P(X = 0) + 3P(X = 1) = 0.7  P(E  F) = P(E) + P(F)  P(E  F)
….[From (i)] = 0.62 + 0.50  0.35 = 0.77
 P(X = 0) + 0.3 = 0.7
 P(X = 0) = 0.4 1  3p 1  p 1  2p 1  4p
4. Here, , , and are
4 4 4 4
8 probabilities when X takes values 1, 0, 1 and
2.  P(X  x) 1
x 0
2 respectively. Therefore, each is greater than
or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
 a + 3a + 5a + 7a + 9a + 11a + 13a 1  3p 1 p
+ 15a + 17a = 1 i.e., 0   1, 0   1,
4 4
 81a = 1 1  2p 1  4p
1 0  1 and 0  1
a= 4 4
81
681
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)

Evaluation Test
1. Let f(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx Putting y = 2 in the equation of the curve,
 f(0) = 0 we get
and f(3) = a.34 + b.33 + c.32 + d.3 1
= 81a + 27b + 9c + 3d x=
2
= 3(27a + 9b + 3c + d)
1 
=30  the point of contact is  ,  2  .
2 
 f(0) = f(3) = 0
f(x) is a polynomial function, it is continuous 1
4. f(x) = tan1x  log x
and differentiable. 2
Now, f (x) = 4ax3 + 3bx2 + 2cx + d 1 1 ( x  1) 2
By Rolle’s theorem, there exist at least 1 root  f (x) =  = 
1  x2 2x 2 x(1  x 2 )
of the equation f (x) = 0 in between 0 and 3.
Now, f (x) = 0  x = 1
2. The equation of the curve is y = x2 + bx + c. 1  3.14
dy f(1) = tan1 1  log 1 = = = 0.785
 = 2x + b ….(i) 2 4 4
dx Since, we are finding maxima on an interval
Since, the curve touches the line y = x at (1,1).
 1 
 [2x + b](1, 1) = 1  , 3  . We have to find the value of f(x) at
 2(1) + b = 1  3 
 1 
 b = 1
Substituting the value of b in equation (i),

 3
 and 3 
we get  1   1
1 1 1
dy f  = tan + log 3 =  log 3
= 2x  1  3 3 4 6 4
dx
Since, gradient is negative. 3.14 1 1
=  log 3 = 0.52 +  1.0986
dy 6 4 4
 <0 = 0.52 + 0.2746 = 0.7946
dx
 1
 2x  1 < 0
 2x < 1
  1
f ( 3) = tan1 3  log 3 =  log 3
4 3 4
1 3.14
x< =  0.2746
2 3
= 1.04  0.2746
3. The equation of the parabola is y2 = 8x.
= 0.7654
dy
 2y = 8  1
dx  the greatest value of f(x) is + log 3.
6 4
dy 8 4
 = = = m1 
dx 2y y 5. +=
2
Slope of given line, m2 = 3
 
m1  m 2  cos  = cos     = sin 
Since, tan  =  2 
1  m1m 2
1
4 Let y = cos  cos  = cos  sin  = sin2
3 2
 y
 tan = dy 1
4 1 4 3  = cos 2.2 = cos 2
d 2
y
dy 
4  3y Now, = 0  cos 2 = 0  2 =
1= d 2
y  12 
 y = 2 or y = 8 =
4
500
 Textbook
Chapter No.

09 Binomial Distribution
Hints

Also, n = 2
Classical Thinking
 Required probability = P (X = 2)
2. P (X = 1) = 10C1 (0.2) (0.8)9 = 0.2684 2
1 1
0
1
= 2C2     =
1 2 2 4
3. Probability of getting head is p =
2
1 1
1 1 8. Here, p = ,q= ,n=3
 q=1  2 2
2 2
 Required probability = P (X  2)
Also, n = 4 2 3
 Required probability = P (X = 3) 1 1 1
= C2     + 3C3  
3
3
1 1 1 2 2 2
= 4C3     = 4 1
2 2 4 = =
8 2
1 1
4. Here p = , q = , n = 10 9. Probability of getting an odd number,
2 2
3 1
 Required probability = P (X = 5) p= =
5 5 6 2
1 1 63
= 10C5   .  = 1 1
2 2 256  q=1 = Also, n = 5
2 2
1 1 1 5
5. Probability of obtaining 5 is p =  Variance = npq = 5.  .   =
6 2 2 4
1 5
 q=1 
6 6 Critical Thinking
Also, n = 7
 Required probability = P (X = 4) 1
1. Here, q =
4 3 5
1 5
= 7C4     1 4
6 6 p=1 =
5 5
6. Probability of getting on even number is Also, n = 5
3 1 4 1
4
p=   Required probability = 5C1    
6 2 5 5
1 1 {Here exactly one student is swimmer}
 q = 1   and n = 5, r = 3
2 2
 Required probability 3
2. Probability of success is p =
3 2
5 5
1 1
= 5C3     = 2
2 2 16 q=1–p =
5
3 1 Also, n = 5
7. Probability of getting an odd number, p = =
6 2  Required probability = P (X = 2)
2 3
1 1 3  2 144
 q=1  5
= C2     =
2 2 5  5 625
683
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
3. Probability that bulb will fuse, p = 0.05 3
9. We have, p =
1 4
=
20 1
 Probability that bulb will not fuse, q= and n = 5
4
1 19  Required probability = P(X  3)
q=1p=1 
20 20 3 2 4 5
3 1 3 1 3
Also, n = 5 = C3     + 5C4     + 5C5  
5

 Probability that out of 5 bulbs none will fuse 4 4 4 4 4
0 5
 1   19   19 
5 (10)(27) (5)(81) 243
= 5C0     =   = 5
+ 5
+ 5
 20   20   20  4 4 4
270 + 405 + 243
4. Probability of correct prediction, =
1 1 2 1024
p= q=1  459
3 3 3 =
Also, n = 7 512
 Required probability = P (X = 4) 10. Required probability = P(X  1)
4 3
1  2 280 2 2 3 0
7
= C4     = 7 15 1 5 1 5
3  3 3 = 3C1     + 3C2     + 3C3    
66 6 6 6 6
1 1 91
5. Here, p = ,q= ,n=3 =
2 2
216
 Required probability
= Probability of getting exactly one head + 11. Required probability = P (X  6)
probability of getting exactly two heads 6 2 7 8
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1
2 2
1 1
1 = C6     + 8C7     + 8C8  
8

= 3C1   .  + 3C2   .   2 2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 37
3 3 6 3 =
= + = = 256
8 8 8 4
12. Let the coin be tossed n times.
1 1 7 n 7 n
6. Here, p = , q = , n = 10 1 1 1
2 2 Then, P(7 heads) = nC7     = nC7  
 Required probability = P(X = 4) 2 2 2
4 6 10 9 n 9 n
10 1 1 10 1 1 1
n n 1
= C4     = C4   and P(9 heads) = C9     = C9  
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
10
Now, P(7 heads) = P(9 heads)
= 10C6   ....  n C r  n C n  r   nC7 = nC9
2
 n = 16
7. 9 P (X = 4) = P (X = 2) 3 16  3
1 1
 9.6C4 p4q2 = 6C2 p2q4  9 p2 = q2  P (3 heads) = 16C3    
Putting q = 1 – p, we get 2  2
16
1 1 35
p= 16
= C3   = 12
4 2 2
8. Required probability
= P(exactly two success) 1 5
14. Here, n = 3, p = ,q=
+ P(exactly three success) 6 6
2 3
2 4 2 1 1
= 3C2 .     + 3C3   Mean = np = 3  =
6 6 6 6 2
2 1 7 1 5 5
= + = Variance = npq = 3   =
9 27 27 6 6 12
684
 Chapter 09: Binomial Distribution
2 1 1 2
15. Here, p = =  q = 1– = Competitive Thinking
6 3 3 3
Also, n = 2 1
1 2 4 1. Here, n = 5, p =
 Variance = npq = 2   = 3
3 3 9 1 2
and q = 1  =
16. We have, mean = np = 2 3 3
and variance = npq = 1  P(2  X  4) = P (X = 3)
1 1 3 2
q= ,p= and n = 4 1  2 40
2 2 = 5 C3     =
 3  3 243
 P(X  1) = 1– P(X = 0)
1
4
1
= 1 – 4C0   2. Probability of getting head, p =
2 2
15 1 1
=  q=1p=1 =
16 2 2
Also, n = 10
17. Here, np = 4 and npq = 3  Required probability = P (X = 6)
1 3 6 4
p= ,q= 1 1
4 4 = 10C6    
Also, n = 16 2 2
6
1 3
10 10! 1 105
 P(X = 6) = 16C6     = .
6!4! 210
=
512
4 4
18. Probability of getting a red card is 1
3. Probability of occurrence of ‘4’ is p =
26 1 6
p= =
52 2 1 5
 q=1 
1 1 6 6
 q=1 = Also, n = 4
2 2 Also, n = 2,
1  Required probability = P (X  1)
Mean = np = 4   = 2 2 0
2 2 1 5 2 1 5
= C1     + C2    
1 1 6 6 6 6
Variance = npq = 4     = 1
2 2 11
=
36
P(X = k) C k (p) k (q) n  k
n
19. = 4. Probability that person will develop immunity
P(X = k  1) n
C k 1 (p) k 1 (q) n  k 1
n
(p) = 0.8
Ck p
= n
. q = 1  p = 0.2
C k 1 q  Required probability = 8C0 (0.8)8 (0.2)0
P(X = k) n  k +1 p = (0.8)8
 = .
P(X = k  1) k q 5. Probability of getting rotten egg is
20. Let X denote the number of aces obtained in 10 1
p= 
two draws. Then, X follows binomial 100 10
4 1 1 9
distribution with n = 2, p = = and  q=1 
52 13 10 10
12 Also, n = 5
q=
13  The probability that no egg is rotten
0 5 5
2 1 9 9
 Mean of number of aces = np = = 5C0 .     =  
13  10   10   10 

685
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
6. Probability of disease to be fatal = p = 10% 1 1
6 n 6
1 1
8 n 8
n
10 1 9  C6     = nC8    
p= = ,q= 2 2 2 2
100 10 10 n n
 C6 = C8  (n – 6)(n – 7) = 56  n = 14
Number of patients, n = 6
3
 1   9 
3 12. We have, 100C50 p50 (1 – p)50 = 100C51 p51(1 – p)49
 Required probability = 6C3     1 p 100! 50!. 50!
 10   10   = 
p 51!. 49! 100!
= 1458  10–5
50
7. Probability of getting a ‘six’ in one throw is =
51
1
p= 51
6  51 – 51p = 50p  p =
101
1 5
 q=1  13. The required probability
6 6
Also, n = 4 = 1 – Probability of equal number of heads
 Required probability and tails
n 2n  n
1 1
= 1 – 2nCn    
4 0
1 5
= P (x = 4) = 4C4   .   2  2
6 6 n
1 (2n)!  1 
=1–
=
1296 n!n!  4 
(2n)! 1
8 4 =1– ×
8. P(without defect) = = =p (n!)2 4n
10 5
2 1 1
P(defected) = = = q and n = 2, r = 2 14. Probability of failure, q =
10 5 3
2 0
4 1 16 1 2
 2
Required probability = C2   .   = Probability for getting success, p = 1  =
5 5 25 3 3
Also, n = 4
9. 2P(2) = 3P(3)  Required probability = P (X  3)
 2 6 C2 p2 q4 = 3 6 C3 p3 q3 4 0 3
 2 1 2 1
Putting q = 1 – p, we get = 4C4     + 4C3    
 3  3  3 3
1
p= 2
4
 2 1
3
3 =   + 4   
3  3   3
10. 4P(X = 4) = P(X = 2)
 4.6C4 p4q2 = 6C2 p2q4 16
=
 4p2 = q2 27
 4p2 = (1 – p)2 2 1
 3p2 + 2p –1 = 0 15. Probability for white ball, p = =
6 3
1
p= 4 2
3 Probability for black ball, q = =
6 3
1 Also, n = 5
11. Here, p = q =
2  Required probability = P (X  4)
1 2
5 0 4
Probability that head occurs 6 times 1 2
6 n 6
= 5C5     + 5C4    
1 1  3  3  3  3 
= nC6     and probability that head 4
2 2 1 1 2
8 n 8
=   3 + (5) 3 
1 1  3 
occurs 8 times = nC8    
2 2 11 11
= 5 =
3 243
686
 Chapter 09: Binomial Distribution
16. Required probability = P (X < 2) 15 3
1 7 0 8 20. Probability of green ball (p) = =
8  1   19  8  1   19  25 5
= C1     + C0    
 20   20   20   20  10 2
7 Probability of yellow ball (q) = =
27  19  25 5
=
20  20  Also, n = 10
 Variance = npq
17. P(minimum face value not less than 2 and
maximum face value is not greater than 5)  3  2
= 10    
= P(2 or 3 or 4 or 5) 5  5
4 2 12
= = =
6 3 5
4 0
4  2 1 16
 required probability = C4     = 21. Probability of occurence of event A is
 3 3 81
p = 0.3
18. Here, p = probability of getting perfect square  q = 0.7
2 1 Also, n = 6
in any throw = =
6 3  Variance = npq
2 = 6 × 0.3 × 0.7 = 1.26
 q = and n = 4
3
Now, 22. n = 10, p = 0.4
P(getting perfect square in at least one throw) E(X) = np = 4
= 1 – P(not getting perfect square in any throw) V(X) = npq = 10 × 0.4 × 0.6 = 2.4
 P(X  1) = 1 – P(X = 0) V(X) = E(X2) – [E(X)]2
2.4 = E(X2) – [4]2
0 4
4 1  2 
= 1 – C0    
 3  3  E(X2) = 18.4
4
2 65 23. Given np = 6, npq = 4
=1–   =
3 81 npq 4
 =
np 6
1
19. P(answer is correct) = p = 2 1
2 q= and p =
1 1 3 3
 q=1 =
2 2  np = 6
Also, n = 10 1
n =6
 P(at least 7 answers are correct) = P(X  7) 3
= P(X = 7) + P(X = 8) + P(X = 9) + P(X = 10)  n = 18
7 3 8 2
10 1 1 10 1 1
= C7     + C8     24. Mean = np = 18
2 2 2 2
9 10 Variance = npq = 12
1 1 1
+ 10C9     + 10C10   npq 12 2
 2 2 2  = q=
np 18 3
1
=  10 C7  10 C8  10 C9  10 C10  10 2 1
2 p=1q=1 =
1 3 3
= (120 + 45 + 10 + 1) Now, np = 18
1024
176 1
=  n   = 18
1024  3
11  n = 54
=
64  Values of x are 0, 1, 2, 3, …, 54 = 55 values
687
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
np = 4  1 1 P(5  X  7) = P(X = 5) + P(X = 6) + P(X = 7)
25. q= ,p= ,n=8 5 4 6 3
npq = 2 2 2  2 1  2 1
= C5     + 9C6    
9

1 1
7
 3 3  3  3
 P(X = 1) = 8C1    
2  2 7
 2 1
2

+ 9C7    
1 1 1  3  3
= 8. 8
= 5 =
2 2 32 25 9
= 9
[ C5 + 9C6 × 2 + 9C7 × 4]
np  8  1 1 3
26.   q = , p = , n = 16 25
npq  4  2 2 = 9 [126 + 168 + 144]
15 3
 1  1 
 16
P(X = 1) = C1    25  438 25  146 4672
 2  2  = = =
39 39 6561
1 1 1
= 16 × × 15 30. Probability of getting a success, p =
2 2 4
1 1 1 3
= 24 × × 15 = 12 Probability of not getting success, q =
2 2 2 4
np = 4  1 1 Standard deviation = Variance
27. q= ,p= ,n=8  Variance = 9
npq = 2 2 2
2 6 1 3
1 1  npq = 9  n. . = 9  n = 48
 P(X = 2) = C2  
8
  4 4
2 2
1
1 28 Mean = np =  48 = 12
= 28. 8
= 4
2 256
31. Let X = Number of heads appear in n tosses
28. E(X) = 5 and Var (X) = 2.5
 np = 5 and npq = 2.5  1
X ~ B  n, 
1 1  2
p= ,q= and n = 10 1
2 2 Now, P (X  1) = 1 – P (X = 0) = 1 –
 P (X  1) = P (X = 0) 2n
0 10 10 Since, P(X 1)  0.9
10 1 1 1
= C0     =  1
2 2 2  1 – n  0.9
2
29. E(X) = 6 and V(X) = 2 1 1
 n   2n  10  n  4
 np = 6 and npq = 2 2 10
1 2  minimum number of tosses = 4
 q = , p = and n = 9
3 3

Evaluation Test
10 1 1
1. We have, p = =  1 – P(X = 0) 
100 10 2
1 9 1
 q=1– =  P(X = 0) 
10 10 2
According to the given condition, 9
n
1
50    ,
P(X  1)   10  2
100 which is possible if n is at least 7.
 n=7

688
 Chapter 03: Applications of Derivatives
16. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c 19. The functions ex , sin x, cos x are continuous
 f (x) = 2ax + b and differentiable in their respective domains.
since,  and  are roots of the equation  f(x) is continuous and differentiable
ax2 + bx + c = 0
  5 
 f() = f() = 0 Also f   = 0 = f  
 f(x) being a polynomial function in x, 4  4 
it is continuous and differentiable. Now,
 There exists k in (, ) such that f (k) = 0 f (x) =  ex (sin x  cos x) + ex (cos x + sin x)
b = ex ( sin x + cos x + cos x + sin x)
 2ak + b = 0,  k=
2a = 2ex cos x
But k  [, ] Also, f (x) = 0  cos x = 0
 <k<    5 
b  x=   , 
 < < 2 4 4 
2a
17. f(x) = tan1 (sin x + cos x) 20. ay2 = x3 ….(i)
1 Diff. w.r.t.x, we get
 f (x) =  (cos x  sin x) dy
1  (sin x  cos x)2 2ay = 3x2
 dx

2 cos  x   dy 3 x 2
 4  =
= dx 2ay
1  (sin x  cos x ) 2
For f(x) to be increasing, f (x) > 0 2ay
 slope of the normal = 
  3x 2
 2 cos  x   > 0
 4 Since, the normal to the given curve makes
equal intercepts with the axis.
 
 cos  x   > 0 2ay
 4   2 = 1
3x
   3 
 <x+ <   <x< 3x 2
2 4 2 4 4 y=
2a
  
 f(x) is an increasing function in   ,  . 3x 2
 2 4 Substituting y = in (i) and solving, we get
2a
18. f(x) = x3  12ax2 + 36a2x  4  4a 8a 
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get the point  ,  .
 9 27 
f (x) = 3x2  12a(2x) + 36a2(1)
= 3x2  24ax + 36a2
Now, f (x) = 0  3x2  24ax + 36a2 = 0
 x2  8ax + 12a2 = 0
 (x  2a) (x  6a) = 0
 x = 2a or x = 6a
Also, f (x) = 6x  24a
[f (x)]x=2a = 12a  24a =  12a < 0
[f (x)]x=6a = 36a  24a = 12a > 0
 Maxima at p = 2a and minima at q = 6a
3p = q2 ….(given)
 3  2a = (6a)2
 6a = 36a2
1
 a=
6
503
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
1
10. P(getting head) = p =
2
1 1
 q=1 =
2 2
r n r
n r nr n1 1
Here, P(X = r) = Crp q = Cr    
2 2
n
1
= nCr  
2
Since, P(X= 4), P(X= 5) and P(X= 6) are in A.P.
 2P(X = 5) = P(X = 4) + P(X = 6)
n n n
1 1 1
 2 nC5   = nC4   + nC6  
2 2 2
n n n
 2 C5 = C4 + C6
n! n! n!
2 = +
5!(n  5)! 4!(n  4)! 6!(n  6)!
2 1 1
 = +
5(n  5) (n  4) (n  5) 6  5
 n2  21n + 98 = 0
 (n  7) (n  14) = 0
 n = 7 or 14
11. Let the probability of success and failure be p
and q respectively.
 p = 2q
Since, p + q = 1
1
 3q = 1  q =
3
1 2
 p=1 =
3 3
 required probability
4 2 5
 2 1  2 1
= 6C4     + 6C5    
 3  3  3  3
6 0
6  2 1
+ C6    
 3  3
240 192 64 496
=   =
729 729 729 729
12. Mean = np and variance = npq
 np = 20 and npq = 16
4
 20q = 16  q =
5
4 1
 p=1 =
5 5
Since, np = 20
1
 n  = 20  n = 100
5
690
 MHT-CET 2019
6th May 2019 (Afternoon)

Hints

1. cos  + sec  = 2 Here, b = 5, a = 12

1 a 2  b2 144  25 13
 cos  + =2 e= = =
cos  b 5 5
 cos2  + 1 = 2cos   the foci are (0,  be) i.e., (0  13)
 (cos  – 1)2 = 0
 cos  = 1 6. Consider option (A),
 sec  = 1 f(x) = 3 cos x + 4
sin2  = 1 – cos2  = 1 – 1 = 0  f(–x) = 3 cos (–x) + 4
 sec2  – sin2  = 1 – 0 = 1 = 3 cos x + 4 = f (x)
  f(x) is an even function.
2. A–B=
4 7. sin x ≥ 0
  x  [2n, (2n + 1)] ...(i)
 tan (A – B) = tan
4 16 – x2 ≥ 0
tan A  tan B  x2 ≤ 16
 =1
1  tan A tan B  –4 ≤ x ≤ 4 ...(ii)
 tan A – tan B – tan A tan B = 1 From (i) and (ii), we get
 1 + tan A – tan B – tan A tan B = 2
x  [–4, –]  [0, ]
 (1 + tan A) (1 – tan B) = 2
3. Line AB and line BC are perpendicular. 1 1 x+ y
8. (x + y)    = (x + y)  
 Slope of AB  slope of BC = –1 x y  xy 
48 k4
  =–1  x + y
2
3  5 7  (3) =
xy
1 k 4
  = –1
2 10 x 2  y 2  2 xy
=
 k = –16 xy
4. Equation of parabola is y2 = 16x. x y
= + +2
 a=4 y x
Given, y = 8
Substituting y = 8 in y2 = 16 x, we get Since, A. M. ≥ G. M.
(8)2 = 16 x x y

64 y x x y
x= =4  ≥ 
16 2 y x
Focal distance = |x + a|
x y
=4+4=8  + ≥2
y x
x2 y2
5. Conjugate hyperbola of – = 1 1 1
144 25  (x + y)    ≥ 2 + 2 ≥ 4
y2 x2 x y
is – =1
25 144  the minimum value is 4.

691
 Chapter 04: Integration

16.  1  cos x dx 22. Put 1 + x2 = t  x dx =

dt
2
x
=  2cos 2 dx 1 1/ 2
x 2
2  1  x 2 dx = t dt
x
= 2  cos   dx 1 t 3/ 2 1
2 =  = (1 + x2)3/2 + c
2 3/ 2 3
x
= 2 2 sin   + c 1
2 23. Put t = tan1 x  dt = dx
1 x 2
2
 x x 1
etan x
17.   cos 2  sin 2  dx  tan 1 x
 1  x2 dx =  et dt = et + c = e + c
 x x x x 24. Put t = 1 + tan x  dt = sec2 x dx
=   cos 2  sin 2  2sin cos  dx
 2 2 2 2 sec 2 x 1
=  (1  sin x)dx = x + cos x + c
  1  tan x dx =  t dt  log t  c
= log |1 + tan x| + c
18. f (x) =  f ( x)dx 25. Put log sin x = t
   x 2  5 dx  cot x dx = dt
cot x dt
x3
=+ 5x + c
  log sin x dx =  t = log t + c
3 = log(log sin x) + c
0
 f (0) =  0  c 26. Put (1 + sin2 x) = t  sin 2x dx = dt
3 sin 2 x 1
 c = 1   1  sin 2 x dx =  t dt = log t + c
x3 = log(1 + sin2 x) + c
 f (x) = + 5x  1
3
e x  e x
19.
1 
f(x) =  f   x  dx =    x  dx
27. Let I =  e x  e x dx
x  Put ex + ex = t  (ex  ex) dx = dt
2
x dt
= log x + +c  I=  = log t + c = log e x + e  x + c
2 t
12 1
 f (1)  log1   c 28. Put cos1x = t   dx = dt
2 1 x 2
5 1
 =0+ +cc=2 1 1
2 2   cos 1
x 1 x 2
dx =   t dt =  log t +c
x2
 f(x) = log x + +2 =  log |cos1x| + c
2 2
29. Put x + cos x = t
20. Put cos x = t   sin x dx = dt  [1 + 2 cos x (– sin x)] dx = dt
t5  (1 – sin 2x) dx = dt
  sin x cos4 x dx =  t 4 (–dt) = 
5
+c
1  sin 2 x dt
cos5 x
  x  cos2 x dx =  t = log | t | + c
= +c
5 = log | x + cos2 x | + c
1 1
21. Put (1 + log x) = t  dx = dt 30. Put x =t dx = dt
x 2 x
(1  log x)2 t3 cos x
  dx =  t 2 dt = +c   dx = 2 cos t dt
x 3 x
(1  log x)3 = 2 sin t + c
= +c
3 = 2 sin x + c
505
 MHT-CET 2019 (6th May, Afternoon) Paper
2c c 24. Since, the given vectors are coplanar.
 = ...[ b = 2c, B = 3C]
sin 3C sin C a a c
sin 3C  1 0 1 =0
 =2
sin C
c c b
3sin C  4sin 3 C
 =2  –ac – a(b – c) + c2 = 0
sin C
 3 – 4sin2 C =2  –ac – ab + ac + c2 = 0
1  c2 = ab
 sin C =  C = 30  c is the G. M. of a and b.
2
B = 3  30 = 90
26. Putting r = x î + y ĵ + z k̂ in the given
 A = 60 ...[Remaining angle of ABC]
3
equation,
 sin A = sin 60 =
2 
x î + y ĵ + z k̂ = ˆi  ˆj  kˆ +  ˆj  kˆ  
20. Comparing the given equation with  x î + y ĵ + z k̂ = î + (1 + ) ĵ + (1 + ) k̂
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get
 x = 1, y = 1 + , z = 1 + 
a = sin2  – 1 = – cos2 , b = cos2 
 x = 1, y = z
Here, a + b = –cos2  + cos2  = 0
 the lines are perpendicular.
 27. Let the XZ plane divides the line segment
 = joining the given points in the ratio k : 1 at the
2 point P (x, y, z).
21. Comparing the given equation with ka  3 4k  2
 x= ,y=
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get k 1 k 1
a = 2, 2h = –3, b = 1
3k  b
2h a z=
m1 + m2 = = 3, m1.m2 = = 2 k 1
b b
(m1) + (m2) = (m1 + m2)  m1  m1m 2  m 22 
3 3 2 Since, P (x, y, z) lie on the XZ plane, its y
co-ordinate will be zero.
= 3 [(m1 + m2)2 – 3m1 m2] 4k  2
= 3 [(3)2 – 3(2)]  0=
k 1
= 3(3) = 9
 –4k + 2 = 0
22. Since, G is the centroid of ABC.
1
3  y + 2x x  2 + 2y k=
 2= and 1 = 2
3 3
 k:1=1:2
 6 = 3 + y + 2x and 3 = x – 2 + 2y
 2x + y = 3 and x + 2y = 5 28. The vector equation of the plane passing
Solving these equations, we get through the point A  a  and parallel to the
1 7
x= and y = non-zero vectors b and c is
3 3
23. a , b, c are coplanar vectors.
 
r  b × c = a  b× c  
  a b c  = 0 Here, a = – ˆi  2ˆj  5kˆ , b = 4iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ ,
Let   2 a  b,   2b  c and   2c  a . c = ˆi  ˆj  kˆ
Then, ˆi ˆj kˆ
2 1 0
 α  γ   0 2 1  a b c   b  c = 4 1 3
   
1 0 2 1 1 1
  α β γ   7  a b c   7(0)  0 = 2iˆ  7ˆj  5kˆ

693
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs) (Hints)

     
a  b  c = ˆi  2ˆj  5kˆ  2iˆ  7ˆj  5kˆ  The corner points of the feasible region
A(4, 2), B (4, 6) and C (0, 6).
= (–1) (–2) + 2 (7) + (–5) (5)
At A (4, 2), z = 10
= –9
 The vector equation of the plane is At B (4, 6), z = 14


r  2iˆ  7ˆj  5kˆ = –9  
At C (0, 6), z = 6
Maximum value of Z is 14.
29. 31. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = 0.
Y
 f(0) = lim f(x)
x0

= lim (x + 1)cot x
x0
x
 
1 tan x
D (0, 8) C(3.6, 8) y=8 = lim 1  x  x 
x0
 
= e1 = e
5x + 9y = 90
E (0, 4) 32. Since, f(x) is continuous at x = a.
 f(a) = lim f(x)
xa

X x  a  xa
A (4, 0) B (18, 0) = lim
xa
x2  a 2
x  a  xa
= lim
xa x  a. x  a
x+y=4
1  x  a  xa 
The corner points of the feasible region = lim  
xa x + a  xa 
A(4, 0), B (18, 0), C (3.6, 8), D(0, 8) and
E(0, 4). 1  x a 
= lim   1
At A (4, 0), z = 24 
2a x  a  x  a 

At B (18, 0), z = 108

    
2 2

At C (3.6, 8), z = 37.6 1 x  a

= lim   1
At D (0, 8), z = 16 2a x  a 
 
xa x  a 

At E (0, 4), z = 8
  
Minimum value of Z occurs at (0, 4). 1 x a
= lim   1
30. Y 2a x  a  x  a
 
x a 

1  xa 
= lim   1
C (0, 6) B (4, 6) 2a x  a  x  a 
y=6
1 1
= (0 + 1) =
2a 2a
A (4, 2) f  2  h   f  2
(6, 0)
X 33. f  (2–) = lim
h0 h
1 2  h  3
= lim
h0 h
h
x=4 x+y=6 = lim =1
h0 h

694
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (Hints)
4. Rationalizing the denominator, we get
2 3x+14x+2dx = 16  32x 3x 4x dx
x
8.
dx
 x3 x2 x 48  24 
x

= 48(24) dx = +c
log24
x3  x2
= ( x  3  x  2)( x  3  x  2)
dx
=
2 x 3x +14 x +2
+c
log2 + log4 + log3
x3  x2 x3 x2
=  ( x  3)  ( x  2) dx = 
x 3 x 2
dx
9. f (x) =
1
1 x
1 1
=  {( x  3) 2  ( x  2) 2 } dx   1 
 f (f (f (x))) = f  f  
1 x
  
3 3
( x  3) 2 ( x  2) 2  
= + +c  1 
3 3 =f  
2 2   1 
1 1 x  
  
2  3 3

=   x  3  2   x  22  +c 1 x 
3   =f  
 x 
x 1 x 1 2 1 1
5.  ( x  1) 2
dx =  ( x  1) 2
dx =
1 x 
=
1 x
=x
1   1 
1 2  x  x
= dx   dx
x 1 ( x  1) 2 x2
 Required integral = +c
2
2
= log|x + 1|+ +c
( x  1) 10. Since, a loga m = m
 9
log3 (sec x )
dx
6. Since, the degree of the Nr is more than degree
of the Dr, divide the Nr by Dr.  32 log3 (sec x ) 
 
x2  1 =  sec 2 x dx
2
….   3log3 (sec x ) 
x 1 x
2 4
 1  
  (sec x) 
2

x  x2
4

= tan x + c
 
a x
x  1
 (e  e x log a ) dx =  (e loge x  e loge a ) dx
2 a log x
11.
 x2  1
=  ( x a  a x )dx
 
x a 1 ax
2 =  +c
a  1 log a
x4  1  2 2 
  x 2  1 dx =   x  1  x 2  1  dx 12. Since, sec2 x . cosec2 x = sec2 x + cosec2 x
 sec x .cosec x dx =  sec x dx +  cosec x dx
2
x3  2 2 2

=  x + 2 tan1 x + c
3 = tan x – cot x + c

5( x6  1) 5( x 2  1)( x 4  x 2  1) 
 (sin x  cos 1 x ) dx =    dx
1
13.
7.  x2  1 dx =  ( x 2  1)
dx 2

= 5 ( x 4  x 2  1) dx ….  sin 1 x  cos 1 x  
 2
5 x
= x5  x3 + 5x + c =  c = x(cos 1 x  sin 1 x) + c
3 2
508
MHT-CET Triumph Maths (MCQs) (Hints)
 sec2 x dx = dt  f(x) is an odd function.
1 π
 I=  dt 8
 2  sinx 
5 + 3t 2   log  2 + sinx  dx = 0
π
1
= dt 8

   
2 2
5 + 3t 44.
Y
1 æ 3 t ö÷
= tan -1 ççç ÷÷ + c y2 = 16x
3 5 çè 5 ÷ø A

1 æ 3 tan x ö÷
 I= tan -1 ççç ÷÷ + c
15 çè 5 ÷ø
X X
O S(4, 0)
e3 x e3 x
 x e dx = x 
2 3x
41. 2
–  2x  dx
3 3
B
x 2 e3 x 2  e e3 x 
3x
= –  x.   1. dx 
3 3  3 3  Y
4

=
x e2 3x  xe
– 2  
e  3x

 +c
3x
Required area = 2 4 x dx 
3 3  3 9  0
4

=
1 2 3x 2
3
x e –
9
xe3x +
2 3x
27
e +c =8 
0
x dx

e3 x é2 3 ù
4
= (9x2 – 6x + 2) + c = 8 êê x 2 úú
27
ë 3 û0
 f (x) = 9x2 – 6x + 2
16 éê 32 ù
= 4 - 0ú
3 êë ú
1
1 û
42. Let I = x+
0 x
dx
16
= 8
1
1 3
=  dx
0 x  x1  =
128
3
sq. units
1
Put t = x + 1  dt =
dx dy y +1
2 x 45. =
dx x +1
When x = 0, t = 1 and when x = 1, t = 2
2
dt dy dx
 I = 2  =
t y +1 x 1
1
Integrating on both sides, we get
= 2  log t 1
2

log (y + 1) = log (x + 1) + log c

= 2 (log 2 – log 1) = 2 log 2 = log 22 = log 4  log (y + 1) = log (x + 1).c
 y + 1 = c(x + 1) ...(i)
 2  sin x 
43. Let f(x) = log   Since, y(1) = 2 i.e., y = 2 when x = 1
 2  sin x 
3
 2  sin( x)   3 = c(2)  c =
 f(x) = log   2
 2 + sin( x)  3
 y + 1 = (x + 1) ...[From (i)]
 2  sin x  2
=  log   = –f(x)
 2  sin x   3x – 2y + 1 = 0
696
 Chapter 04: Integration

1  cos 4 x cos 2 2 x 41. Put x2  4x + 3 = t

34. 2 dx = 2  2 dx
1  cos 4 x sin 2 x 1
 (2x  4)dx = dt  (x  2)dx = dt
= 2  cot 2 2 x dx 2
x2 1 dt 1
= 2  (cos ec2 2 x  1) dx  x dx =   log t + c
2
 4x  3 2 t 2
 cot 2 x  1
= 2 = log( x 2  4 x  3) + c
  2x  c 2
 2 
=  cot 2x  2x + c = log  
x2  4 x  3 + c
2 2
 1 + tanx   π  42. Put 5x7 = t
35.   1  tanx  dx =   tan  4 + x   dx  35x6 dx = dt
 π   dt
=   sec 2  + x   1 dx  x6 dx =
 4   35
dt
π   x 
sin(5 x 7 ) dx = sin t 
6
= tan  + x   x + c 35
 4 
cos t  cos(5 x 7 )
=  =
 (sec x  tan x) dx
2
36. 35 35
=  (sec x  tan x  2sec x tan x) dx
2 2
 k=
1
7
=   2sec x 1  2sec x tan x  dx
2

= 2 tan x + 2 sec x – x + c sinx sin( x  α + α)

= 2 (sec x + tan x) – x + c
43.  sin( x  α) dx =  sin( x  α)
dx

tan x sin( x  α)cosα + cos( x  α)sinα

37.  (sec x  tan x) dx =  sin  x  α 
dx
tan x(sec x  tan x) =  cos dx +  sin  cot( x  ) dx
=  (sec x  tan x)(sec x  tan x) dx
= x cos  + sin . log |sin (x  )| + c
tan x (sec x  tan x )
=  dx cos( x  )
(sec 2 x  tan 2 x ) 44.  cos x
dx
=  (sec x tan x  tan 2 x)dx
 cos x cos   sin x sin  
=   dx
=  sec x tan x dx   (sec 2 x  1) dx  cos x 
=  sec x tan x dx   sec 2 x dx   1dx =  (cos   sin  tan x)dx
= sec x  tan x + x + c = (cos ) x  sin log | sec x | + c
38. Put t = 3x  5  dt = 3dx
1 dx 1 x

1
 tan(3 x  5) sec(3 x  5) dx = 3  tan t.sec t dt
45.  1  cos x
dx   
2
 sec 2 dx
x
2 cos 2  
sec t sec(3x  5) 2
= +c= +c
3 3 1  x x 1
= log sec  tan  . +c
39. Put f(x) = t  f (x) dx = dt 2 2 2  1/ 2
f ( x ) 1 1 1 x x
  [f ( x)]2 dx =  t 2 dt =  t + c =  f ( x) + c = 2 log sec  tan + c
2 2

40. Put x10 + 10x = t  (10x9 + 10x log e 10)dx = dt dx dx

=
 4 cos cos 6 x 
46. = sec 6 xdx
10 x9  10 x log e 10 1 3
2 x  3cos 2 x
  10  x
x 10
dx =  dt  log t  c
t 1
= log sec 6x + tan 6x  c
= log(x10 + 10x) + c 6
511