19

PRESBYTERIAN HIGH SCHOOL

SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
SUGGESTED ANSWERS

Subject: BIOLOGY Exam: PRELIM

Setter: Mr Chandra Year: 2020
Level: SEC 4 EXP

PAPER 1 (40 marks)

Q/N Answer Q/N Answer
1 A 21 C
2 $ 22 C
3 A 23 C
4 A 24 C
5 B 25 B
6 D 26 D
7 D 27
27 C
8 B 28
28 B
9 A 29 D
10 C 30
30 B
11 D 31
31 B
12 C 32
32 D
13 A 33
33 A
14 D 3
34 C
15 C 35 A
16 B 36 B
17 B 37 B
18 D 38 C
19 A 39 B
20 B 40 D

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 18

PRESBYTERIAN HIGH SCHOOL

SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
MARKSCHEME

Subject: BIOLOGY Exam: PRELIM EXAM

Setter: Chandra Year: 2020
Level: SEC 4 EXP

SECTION A (50 marks)

Qn Suggested Answer Sub- Total
total
1a Lactic acid; 1 1

b Difference between oxygen supply and demand for oxygen; 1 1

Or
Amount of oxygen needed if all the energy released
d was from
fro
rom
m 1
aerobic respiration

c Oxygen needed to break down lactic acid; 1 1

Oxygen needed to repay debt; 1

d Steeper rise + longer time me to reach

re
eac
ach starting
star
arrtiing
n level;
lev
evel;
ell;
e 1 1
Emphysema
-walls b/w alveoli
oli broken
broken,
en
n, total surface
surfrfac
rf ace area
ac arre
a eaa decreases;
decreasses
es;; ½
-less oxygen
gen abso
absorbed
sorb
so rbed pper
err u
e unit
niit ti
n ttime;
me
m e; ½ 2
-cannot
ot meet
mee
ee
et oxygen
oxyg
ygen
yg en demand;
demman nd;; + anaerobic
anaerob ob
o b
bic
ic faster
ic fas
aster ½
-more
more time
tim
me needed
neeeded
ed
e d tto
o breakdown
b ea
br eakd
kdoowwn lactic
la
act
ctiicc acid
acciid ½

6
2a Sucr
Sucrose:
cros
cr osse:: min 1 2
Meat:
eatt: mi
m
min in 1
b sucrose
rosse is
is inin solution;
sso
olu
luttiion
ion
on; ½
no sucrase/no
ucraase/n
ssee/n
/no carbohydrate
c rboh
ca hyd
ydra
rate
rat digestion
dig in stomach therefore sucrose ½
passes s str
straight,
trrai
aigh
g t, through
thr
hrou ough stomach
ou sto / into small intestine; 3

protein digestion
gest
s ion starts
st in the stomach ; ½
enzyme need ed time to digest large molecules ; ½
meat is solid, small surface area + takes longer to digest; 1
solid requires more mechanical digestion e.g. ref to churning 1

5
3a A: umblical cord B: oviduct ½ 2
C: amniotic fluid D: uterus wall ea
b Label H on placenta 1 1
c Ref to numerous villi + increased surface area + for diffusion of 1
material;
Dense network of capillaries [R blood vessels] + continuous blood 1 2
flow maintains diffusion gradient;
1
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 19

Thin membrane separates maternal and fetus blood + short

distance for diffusion;
d Sperm and ovum must be present for fertilisation to occur; ½
Uses data – more than 50% chance between day 11 and day 14; 1
Ovulation is only 1 day, day 12, 13 or 14; 1 3
Ref to lifespan of ovum n sperm; 1
From day 8, uterine lining is ready to accept embryo so chances 1
increases;

8
4a 0.1s to 0.6 s 1 1
b Duration of 1 beat = 0.9 – 0.1 = 0.8s 1 1
60s = 60/0.8 = 75 beats
ci Either 0.3 or 0.4s to reach maximum but same duration to empty 1 1
ii At rest = 0.14 x 5 = 0.7 dm3 ½
Exercise = 0.028 x 25 = 0.7 dm3 ½ 2
No change, blood flow remains the same to o coordinate
coordina naate many
man
anyy 1
activities;
iii rate of respiration is very high to meet energyy demand;de
em
ma anndd; 1
heat energy is a by-product; ½
arterioles dilate/vasodilation
tion + more
mor
o e blood
bllo
oo
od toto capillaries
cap
apiillla
lari
lari
ries
e iin
n skin;
skin
sk in;;
in 1 4
excess heat + lost via convection,
con
on
o nve
veccttio
on,
n, radiation;
radiaati
t on; ½
high body temperature
perature causes
causes
ca ess enzyme
e enz
nzym
nz yym
me toto denature;
denature; 1
9
5a Light rays passes
pas
a sess through
thrro
th ouug
gh cornea,
corn
co rnea
ea, iris andnd
n d falls
fal
a ls on lens;
le
ens
n ; 1
Ciliary mu
m
muscles
sccle
es re
relax
ela
ax + exert
exxer
e e t pull
pull o
pu on
n ssu
suspensory
ussp
pen
enso
s ry lig
ligament;
igam
ig ame
am ent; 1
Edges
Ed
E dge
g s of
o len
lens
ns stretched,
stre
etcched, llens
ens become
en beco
becom me e thin
thi
h n and
and longer;
long
lo nger;
ng 3
1
Light
Liigh
ght ra
rays
ayyss bent
ben nt less,
le
essss, focused
focu
cu
use
sed on
o retina
re
ettina
½
b Centre
Cent
tre
r o
off visi
vision
siion
o is blurred
bllu
b urrre
ed 1 1
ci Light
ht ra
rrays
ays
ys n
need
ee
eed no
not
ot p
pa
pass
ass tthrough
hrou
hr ough
ough the lens but camera. 1 1
ii Yes.
The device
evice
ce
e produces
produ
duuce
es impulse;
i pul
im 1 2
Carried by optic
opt
p icc nerve
nerve to brain; 1
7
6a Nectar contains sugar + Energy-giving food for insects; 1
Pollen contains male gametes; ½
Must be carried from anther to stigma for fertilisation; 2
½
bi Day 8 – day 12 1 1
bii Pollen germinates to form pollen tube, grows down through style 1
carrying male gamete;
Enters ovary, reaches ovule + release male gamete; 1 3
Fertilisation occurs, zygote starts to divide to form new cells; 1
All these needs time;

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 20

c Only one parent plant is involved, so more likely to take place; 1

Good qualities likely to be passed down; 1
Its effective because not dependent on pollinating agents, 2
especially in harsh environments; 1
Its reliable if plants are widely scattered; 1

8
7a Patia has pointed abdomen/body 1 1
b Birds have learnt not to prey on Methona by recognising wing 1
pattern; 2
Wing pattern of Patia resembles toxic Methona, do not prey on it as
1
soon as they recognise wing pattern
c Mutation ½
Change in the genes controlling wing pattern; ½ Any

Independent assortment / crossing over of sisterr chromatids

chromattidsid
d of ½ Of 2
homologous chromosomes during meiosis;
Variety of gametes with different alleles pattern;
s for wing patte
at tern
tern;;
rn ½ sets

Random fertilisation ½ 4
Random combination of alleless for
fo wing
fo ng pattern
pattte n in
terrn in zygote
zygo
zygo
zy g te ½

7
Section B
8a -0.2 0.5
-0.7
0.7 0.5
-0.1
-0.
0.1
0.1
0. 2
0.5
-0.2
-0.
0.2
0.2
0.
0.5
no negative
neg
gat
ativ
ive value
valu
va ue = wrong
wrro
w on
ng va
vvalue
alue = no
ommarks
arks

b Scale:
ale: e
even
ven scale
ve sca
sc alle and
and graph
an grap
aph
ap h able
ab to fill up at least half the grid; 1
Bars: drawn
drraw
wn separately
separate
se elyy with
with
th
h correct
cor labels (W, X, Y and Z); 1
Axis: labelled
abeelllle
ed
d wit
with
th co
cor
correct
rrect h
heading and unit: change in mass / g and 1 4
leaf 1
Plot: accurate
uratete values
te valu
c More stomata found on upper surface;
Water loss from upper surface is higher in both lighting condition 1 1

c Warm condition increases transpiration; 1

Film of moisture on mesophyll surfaces evaporate faster; ½ 3
Humidity of air in intercellular spaces increases; ½
Greater concentration of water vapour molecules inside the leaf
than outside atmosphere; ½
Water vapour diffuses out through stomata;
[reject water concentration] ½

10

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 21

9a
feature explanation
Narrow/small Contact with many cells/short
diameter/microscopic diffusion distance between cells 1
Tiny gaps on wall Allows fluids/nutrients out/ wbc;
Proteins cannot pass 1
[reject plasma]
Single cell layer/1 cell thick Short distance for materials to
diffuse through / rapid diffusion; 1 4

Smooth inner Smooth blood flow 1

surface/endothelium;
Large total surface Slows flow for exchange / allows
area/reduces pressure more exchange
1
[reject easier exchange]

b Phagocytes engulf + digest bacteria; 1

Lymphocytes release anti-bodies; ½
Causes agglutination + purpose; ½ 4
Neutralise toxins; ½
Kills bacteria/virus ½
Antibodies remain + immune
ne response
res
esspo
p nsse ½

c males have XY sex chromosomes;

chro
ro
ommooso
somes;
mess;;
me ½
female XX chromosomes
hromo
mo osome es ; ½
males require
equire only
on
nlyy one
one
n (b) recessive
recesssiive allele;
allel
elle;
e e; ½ 2
females
males require
rre
eq
qu
uire two
two recessive
tw rece
re
rece
cesssiv
ive
ve alleles;
allle
a lele
ess;; ½
greater
greate
er chance
c an
ch nce that
tha
ha
h at males
m le
ma les will
wiilll n
w not
ot have
ot hav
ave the
tth
he dominant
domi
mina
minantt allel
na allele (B);

10
10ai Enzymes
E
En
nzyme
es Hormones
allll ar
are
re proteins
prrotei
p e ns either
eith
either
th e steroids
ste (eg. oestrogen) or protein 1
(eg, iinsulin)
carried
ed in
n ducts
duc
ucts
s tto
o si
ssite
ite o
off ac
a
action
ctitition
on carried in bloodstream to target organs 1
high molecular
olecular weight,
wei
eigh
ght,
gh t so non-
no low molecular weight, diffusible through 1
diffusible through
throu
ough
ou gh cell mmembrane membrane 3
catalyse a particula
particular reaction stimulate target cells to perform the
required reactions
1
catalyse reversible & irreversible hormone controlled reactions are not
reactions reversible 1
Released in large quantities Released in very small quantities
1

ii Any reasonable state of emergency; [reject chased by tiger, etc] 1

Increased heart rate/breathing rate/Increased alertness/increased 1 2
metabolic rate [any 2]

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b
Differences Reflex action/involuntary Voluntary action
behaviour in-born behaviour, automatic controlled behaviour, involves decision 1
making
speed of response is rapid response is slower 1
response
response to an external stimulus response initiated from the brain under
1
conscious control
nature of Same stimulus always results in response varies according to situation 5
response the same response 1
CNS brain or spinal cord involved always forebrain involved
1
effectors muscles and/or glands muscles only
1
Similarities both involve transmission of impulse along motor neurone to effectors
1

10

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