Power Plant Instrumentation: Mr. B. B. Sul Hod Instrumentation Engineering

POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION
Mr. B. B. Sul
HoD Instrumentation Engineering.
Department of Instrumentation Engineering

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai.
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
Government Polytechnic, Mumbai First Lecture : 14 Feb 2022 1

Unit No. I
Introduction to Power Generation:
Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. 25th Feb 2022 2

Introduction
We divide the power system into three parts; power generation,
transmission, and distribution.
Actually, in power generation, one form of energy gets converted into

electrical energy.
We produce electrical energy from various natural sources.
We classify these sources into two types renewable sources and non-
renewable sources.
In a present power system, most of the electrical energy gets generated

from non-renewable sources like coal, oil, and natural gases.
Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 3

Continued…
But these sources are limitedly available.
So, we have to use these sources carefully and always find an alternate
source or move on to renewable sources.
The renewable sources include solar, wind, water, tidal, and biomass.
These sources are the environment-friendly, free and infinite resources

available.

Solar Energy System
It is the best alternative source for power generation.
There are two ways, to generate electrical energy from sunlight.
1.We can create Electricity directly by using Photo voltaic Cell.
2.The photovoltaic cell is made up of silicon.
3.Many cells are connected in series or parallel to make a solar panel.
4.We can produce heat (solar thermal) with the help of mirrors in the sunlight, and
we use this heat to convert water into steam.
5.This high-temperature steam rotates the turbines.

Advantages
1.The transmission cost is zero for a stand-alone solar system.
2.Solar electricity generation system is environment-friendly.
3.The maintenance cost is low.
4.It is an ideal source for remote locations that cannot link to the grid.

Disadvantages
1.Initial expenses are high.
2.Require large area for bulk production.
3.Solar electricity generation system is weather-dependent.
4.Solar energy storage (Battery) is costly.

Wind Eneregy System
Introduction
Wind Turbines are used to convert wind energy into electrical
energy.
Wind flows due to temperature changes in the atmosphere.
Wind turbines turn wind energy into kinetic energy.
The rotating kinetic energy rotates the Induction generator, and that
generator converts kinetic energy into electrical energy.

Advantages
1.Wind energy is an unlimited, free and clean source of energy.
2.The operating cost is almost zero.
3.A wind electricity generating system can generate power in a remote

location.

Disadvantages
1.It cannot produce the same amount of electricity at all time.
2.It needs a big open area.
3.It makes noise.
4.The construction process of a wind turbine is expensive.
5.It gives lower electricity output.
6.It poses threats from flying birds.

Hydro Energy System
Introduction
The power obtained from river or ocean water is called hydropower.
Hydro Power Plant are work based on the gravitational effects.
Here we store water in a dam or reservoir.
When we allow falling the water, the movement of this water as it

flows downstream towards the penstock causes kinetic energy that
rotates the turbines.

Advantages
1.It can be used in the service instantly.
2.After this process, water can be used for irrigation and other
purposes.
3.Dams are designed for an extended period and so it can contribute

to the generation of electrical energy for many years.
4.Running and maintenance costs are low.
5.No fuel transportation is required.

Disadvantages
1.The initial cost of a hydel power plant is high.
2.Hydropower plants are located in the hilly area, and it is very far from the load.
3.So, they require a long transmission line
4.The construction of dams can flood towns and cities.
5.It is also weather-dependent.

Coal Energy System
Introduction
A thermal power Plant produces electricity by burning coal in the boiler.
Heat is used to convert water into steam.
This high pressure and high-temperature steam flowing into the turbine
spins a generator to produce electrical energy.
After it passes through the turbine, the steam gets cooled in a condenser
and reuse in the boiler to generate steam again.
Thermal power plant works according to Ranking Cycle.

Advantages
1.Coal is cheap.
2.It has less initial cost compared to renewable power Plants
3.It requires less space than a hydel plant.
4.We can construct a thermal power plants at any place because coal can be
transport to the plant irrespective of its location.
5.Construction and commissioning of thermal power plants take lesser time than a
hydel plant.

Disadvantages
1.Coal is a non-renewable energy source.
2.The operating cost is high and variable according to the price of fuel.
3.It pollutes the atmosphere due to smoke and fumes.
4.It requires a huge quantity of water.

Nuclear Energy System
Introduction
The working of nuclear power is almost the same as a thermal power
plant.
In a thermal power plant, coal is used in the boiler to produce heat.
In a Nuclear Power Plant, uranium is used in the nuclear reactor to

generate heat.
In both Power Plants, heat energy gets converted into electrical energy.
1kg of uranium can produce energy same as the energy produced by

burning of 4500 tonnes of coal or 2000 tonnes of oil.

Advantages
1.It requires less space than a Thermal Power Plant and a Hydro
Power Plants.
2.It can produce an unusually high amount of electrical energy from a

single plant.
3.It does not emit CO2
4.A nuclear power plant needs a small quantity of fuel.

Disadvantages
1.It has a high initial construction cost.
2.It has high operating and maintenance costs.
3.It has radioactive waste.
4.It has a high risk of radio-activity and explosion.

Introduction to Electric Power Generation
1.In a turbine generator, a moving fluid—water, steam, combustion gases, or air—

pushes a series of blades mounted on a rotor shaft.
2.The force of the fluid on the blade's spins/rotates the rotor shaft of a generator.
3. The generator, in turn, converts the mechanical (kinetic) energy of the rotor to
electrical energy.
4.Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of

primary energy.
5.For utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery
(transmission, distribution, etc.) to end users.

Need of Electric Power Generation
In various following sector, we need Electric Power :
a) Society
b) Industry
c) Govt/Private offices
d) Shops
e) Agriculture
f) Academic Institutions
Electrical Power Generations
1.An electric generator is a device that converts a form of energy into electricity.
2.Most of world electricity generation is from generators that are based on

scientist Michael Farady’s discovery in 1831 that moving a magnet inside a coil of
wire makes (induces) an electric current to flow in the wire.
3. He made the first electricity generator called a Farady Disk, which operates on
this relationship between magnetism and electricity.
4. It led to the design of the electromagnetic generators that we use today.

Continued…
Electromagnetic generators use an electromagnet—a magnet produced by electricity—not

a traditional magnet.
A basic electromagnetic generator has a series of insulated coils of wire that form a
stationary cylinder—called a stator—surrounding an electromagnetic shaft—called a rotor.
Turning the rotor makes an electric current flow in each section of the wire coil, which
becomes a separate electric conductor.
The currents in the individual sections combine to form one large current.
This current is the electricity that moves from generators through power lines to
consumers.
Electromagnetic generators driven by kinetic (mechanical) Prime Movers account for
nearly all of U.S. electricity generation.

THANK YOU !
ANY QUESTION?

Power Plant Instrumentation: Mr. B. B. Sul Hod Instrumentation Engineering

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Power Plant Instrumentation: Mr. B. B. Sul Hod Instrumentation Engineering

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION

Department of Instrumentation Engineering

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai First Lecture : 14 Feb 2022 1

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. 25th Feb 2022 2

Actually, in power generation, one form of energy gets converted into

We produce electrical energy from various natural sources.

In a present power system, most of the electrical energy gets generated

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 3

These sources are the environment-friendly, free and infinite resources

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 4

There are two ways, to generate electrical energy from sunlight.

1.We can create Electricity directly by using Photo voltaic Cell.

2.The photovoltaic cell is made up of silicon.

3.Many cells are connected in series or parallel to make a solar panel.

5.This high-temperature steam rotates the turbines.

1.The transmission cost is zero for a stand-alone solar system.

2.Solar electricity generation system is environment-friendly.

3.The maintenance cost is low.

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 6

1.Initial expenses are high.

2.Require large area for bulk production.

3.Solar electricity generation system is weather-dependent.

4.Solar energy storage (Battery) is costly.

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 7

Wind flows due to temperature changes in the atmosphere.

Wind turbines turn wind energy into kinetic energy.

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 8

1.Wind energy is an unlimited, free and clean source of energy.

2.The operating cost is almost zero.

3.A wind electricity generating system can generate power in a remote

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 9

1.It cannot produce the same amount of electricity at all time.

2.It needs a big open area.

3.It makes noise.

4.The construction process of a wind turbine is expensive.

5.It gives lower electricity output.

6.It poses threats from flying birds.

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 10

Hydro Power Plant are work based on the gravitational effects.

Here we store water in a dam or reservoir.

When we allow falling the water, the movement of this water as it

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 11

3.Dams are designed for an extended period and so it can contribute

4.Running and maintenance costs are low.

5.No fuel transportation is required.

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 12

1.The initial cost of a hydel power plant is high.

3.So, they require a long transmission line

4.The construction of dams can flood towns and cities.

5.It is also weather-dependent.

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 13

Heat is used to convert water into steam.

Thermal power plant works according to Ranking Cycle.

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 14

2.It has less initial cost compared to renewable power Plants

3.It requires less space than a hydel plant.

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 15

1.Coal is a non-renewable energy source.

3.It pollutes the atmosphere due to smoke and fumes.

4.It requires a huge quantity of water.

Government Polytechnic, Mumbai Lecture No. and Date 25.02.2022 16

In a thermal power plant, coal is used in the boiler to produce heat.

In a Nuclear Power Plant, uranium is used in the nuclear reactor to