UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

Kristine Dagcuta BSEE_4A_sc8

Adrian paul Leop November 2021
Kim Jesuit Nazareno
Noven Villaber

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS 1

Example 5.4

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

In the problem the nominal voltage for our 2 buses is 765 kV. The voltage the voltage profile across the
line is flat and the line’s net reactive power losses are zero when the load on a line is equal to the SIL.

The group vary the values of the load by adding 250 MW to the original value of the load. Below is the
simulation.

The group observed the changes as we run the simulator. The defined value of the generator changed.
The real power of the generator now is 2449 MW and the reactive power is 258 Mvar. We can see that the value
of bus 2 decreases. Then the transmission line has the reactive power loss of 1069.6 Mvar with the angle
difference of -24.6 Deg. We can also see the blue arrow which indicates that it generates a reactive power.

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

We continue changing the value of the previous load by simply adding 250 MW. The simulation is
shown below.

As we run the simulator we observed changes among the values. The defined value of the generator
changed. The real power of the generator now is 2699 MW and the reactive power is 587 Mvar. As we
increased the value of the generator the reactive power is increasing as well as the reactive loss which is now
1374.4 Mvar, the only value that decreases is the angle of difference which is now -28.2 Deg and the value of
the bus 2 which is 723.9 kV. It also shows blue arrow that signifies it generates a reactive power.

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

We continue changing the value by adding the same value of 250 MW. The simulation is illustrated
below.

As we run the simulator we observed changes same with the last simulation that is among the values.
The defined value of the generator changed. The real power of the generator now is 2949 MW and the reactive
power is 1038 Mvar. As we increased the value of the generator the reactive power is increasing as well as the
reactive loss which is now 1792.0 Mvar, the only value that decreases is the angle of difference which is now -
32.8 Deg and the value of bus 2 that is 690.7 kV. It also shows blue arrow that signifies it generates a reactive
power. This indicates that the higher the reactive power loss from the transmission line, the more visible the
blue arrow.

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

At this point we changes the value by subtracting the same number 250 MW to the original value. The
simulation is given below.

When the group start to run the simulation as expected that there are changes among the values. The
defined value of the generator changed. The real power of the generator now is 1949 MW and the reactive
power is -209 Mvar. Notice that the bus 2 increases its value as well as the angle difference which is now -18.5
Deg. Then the transmission line has the reactive power loss of 602.6 Mvar. You can also observed that the blue
arrows are present which indicates that it generates reactive power but in reversed direction. This means that the
lesser the MW values of the load, the lesser its reactive power loss of the transmission line.

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

Example 5.8

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

In the problem it has inclusion of line losses would reduce the above value by 3 or 4% to about 9100
MW. Intermediate substations are often economical if their costs do not outweigh the reduction in line costs.
Each line segment is represented with the lossless line model from Example 5.4 with the p circuit parameters
modified to exactly match those for a 167 km distributed line. The pie charts on each line segment show the
percentage loading of the line, assuming a rating of 3500 MVA. The solid red squares on the lines represent
closed circuit breakers, and the green squares correspond to open circuit breakers.

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

We vary the simulation by adding 250 MW to the previous load. The simulation is shown below.

When we try to run the simulator, we observed changes in the values as well. The defined value of the
generator changed. The real power of the generator now is 9250 MW and the reactive power is -2545 Mvar
which was increasing. You can notice that the bus 1 is still stable, 765 kV. However, the other buses decrease
its value with different negative angle. It generates reactive power since blue arrow is present in the simulation
and its direction is reversed. By clicking on a circuit breaker toggles its status.

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

We continue adding the 250 MW. Simulation is illustrated below.

In relation to the previous simulation, we observed changes in the values as well. The defined value of
the generator changed. The real power of the generator now is 9499 MW and the reactive power is -2142 Mvar
which was increasing. You can notice that the bus 1 is still stable, 765 kV. However, the other buses continue to
decrease its value with different decreasing negative angle. It also generates reactive power since blue arrow is
visible in the simulation and its direction is reversed. By clicking on a circuit breaker toggles its status.

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

This the last simulation that we continue adding the 250 MW to the given load in the porevious
simulation. The simulation is shown below.

In relation to the previous simulation, we observed changes in the values as well. The defined value of
the generator changed. The real power of the generator now is 9570 MW and the reactive power is -1694 Mvar
which was increasing. You can notice that the bus 1 is still stable, 765 kV. However, the other buses continue to
decrease its value with different gradual decreasing value of negative angle. It also generates reactive power
since blue arrow is visible in the simulation and its direction is reversed.

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Power System Analysis 1
 UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
CM Recto Avenue, Lapasan 9000, Cagayan de Oro City

This the last variation that we try to simulate and at this point we subtracted the original load with the
250 MW. The simualtion is given below.

In relation to the previous simulation, this time is a bit different. The defined value of the generator
changed. The real power of the generator now is 8750 MW and the reactive power is -3251 Mvar which was
decreasing. You can notice that the bus 1 is still stable, 765 kV. However, the other buses are increasing
compared to the previous simulation which continues to decrease when we increases the load. When it comes to
its negative angle it increases by fewer value. It also generates reactive power since blue arrow is visible in the
simulation and its direction is still reversed.

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Power System Analysis 1