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NATIONAL FORENSIC SCIENCES UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION
FORENSIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING • Visual Survey was carried out for the R & D
building of Himalaya Machinery situated in

VISUAL SURVEY FOR R & D

GIDC, Vadodara.
• It was a Dome shaped structure with
BUILDING OF HIMALAYA Meridional Stress and Circumferential Hoop
Stresses.

MACHINERY • To resist Meridional Stress, Meridional

Beams are provided and to resist
Subject : Evaluation, Repair and Rehabilitation of Structures Circumferential Hoop Stress, Latitudinal
Beams are provided.
(RDMCE10)
• At the bottom and top portion of the Dome,
Prepared By : Andharia Priyam Madhaviben Ring beams are provided in order to resist
(101EGMTCE2021001) the outward thrust due to meridional stress
Devanshu Mehta at top and bottom.
(101EGMTCE2021003)
1 2
Guided By : Dr.Merool Vakil

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
• The R & D Building of Himalaya Machinery was built in 1987.
• It is a Spherical Dome shaped G+4 office building. There are two domes joined
together. It is a Reinforced Concrete Structure.
• The ground floor was constructed as a Workshop but later for few years it was divided
into two parts, one the workshop and other part was converted by the owner as a
healthcare center for the workers of the GIDC.
• The occupancy of the building was terminated in 2017, since then the building is
abandoned. The owner wants to reuse the building as an educational institute for
students of mechanical engineering domain.
Location: 601, GCEL Rd,
Makarpura GIDC, Vadodara, Elevation
Gujarat.
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STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

• The structural drawings were available for the building. The Spherical Shape of the N
C6 o The Left portion was later converted
Building started from first floor. There were cut-outs for all the floors except second C1 as a Health-Care Center by the owner
C3
and third floor.
C3
C1
C1 C2 C7 C2 C4 C2 C7 C2
for the workers of GIDC.
C6 C1
GROUND FLOOR:
N
o The right portion was kept as
C1
C3 C3 C1
C1
Workshop.
C1 C2 C7 C2 C4 C2 C7 C2

C1 C2 C7 C2 C5 C5 C2 C7 C2 C1
C1 C3 C3 C1
C1 C2 C7 C2 C5 C5 C2 C7 C2 C1

C1 C3 C3 C1
GROUND FLOOR
CONSTRUCTED
GROUND FLOOR AS PER
DRAWINGS 5 6

STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS CUT-

STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
OUTS
FIRST FLOOR:
SECOND AND THIRD FLOOR:
N ENTRY

ENTRY C1 C3 C3 C1
N C4
C1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C1

C1 C2 C2 C5 C5 C2 C2 C1
C1 C3 C3 C1

o The spherical shape of the building started from first floor.

o Ring Beams were provided at the first floor. RING
BEAMS
SECOND FLOOR THIRD FLOOR
o Column positions were same as that of the Ground Floor.
o Grid Slabs were provided. Grid Slab – 1.56 m x 1.56m 7 8
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STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

N SLABS WERE FOURTH FLOOR:
CASTED (NO
PROVISION OF
CUT-OUTS) N
C1 C3 C3 C1 C1 C1
C3 C3
C1 C2 C2 C4 C2 C2 C1
C4
o Proper Spherical Shape was C1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C1

constructed at second floor and

third floor without any cut-outs.
o Lift Provision was provided.
STAIRCASE
C5 C5 o Grid Slabs were provided.
C1 C2 C2 C5 C5 C2 C2 C1
C1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C1 o Rooms were locked on these C1 C3 C3 C1
C1 C3 C3 C1 floors therefore we were not
able to collect much data.
SECOND AND FOURTH FLOOR SLAB LEVEL
THIRD FLOOR
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STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS

o Slabs on 4th floor were constructed at a ROOF
LEVEL
N
distance of 10 feet from floor level.
o The space above the slab and roof was C1 C3 C3 C1
C4
hollow. HOLLOW
C1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C1

o At the roof level also Grid Slabs were SPACE

provided.
SLAB LEVEL AT 10
FEET FROM FLOOR
LEVEL

C1 C2 C2 C5 C5 C2 C2 C1

C1 C3 C3 C1

ROOF LEVEL SLAB

FRAMING

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OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS
GROUND FLOOR:
• Survey was carried out on Ground Floor, First Floor and Fourth Floor.
1. Workshop Area:
• On second and third floor, all the rooms were inaccessible and on first floor also we W16 –

were able to do survey in a limited area. CORROSION

CRACK DUE TO
METAL FRAMING

• Though maximum deterioration and damage was found on the fourth floor. AT THE DOOR

• At the end, distress was also observed on the outer periphery of the structure. W7 (OUTER WALL) –
CHEMICAL ATTACK

- POP-OUTS

- CHEMICAL ATTACK

- CORROSION CRACK

Ground Floor – Workshop

Area Distress Mapping W3’ – CHEMICAL ATTACK W2 – PLASTER POP-OUT
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OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS
GROUND FLOOR:
• Thus, for Ground Floor bifurcating Structural and Non-Structural Observations:
2. Health Care Centre:
STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS
Sr.N Affected
Type Cause
o. Area/Member
Due to metal framing
1 Corrosion Crack W16
provision at the door.
Swelling of Sand beneath
W27 – PAINT POP-OUTS W25’ – LINTEL CRACKS 2 Uneven Flooring R3
the flooring
Improper bond between
W25’, W22’,
3 Lintel Cracks lintel beam and adjacent
W25
wall.
NON-STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS
1 Chemical Attack Environmental Exposure W7, W3’
- POP-OUTS
2 Plaster Pop-Outs Moisture W2
- LINTEL CRACKS
Ground Floor – Health-Care W18, W27,
- UNEVEN FLOORING 3 Paint Pop-Outs Moisture
Centre Distress Mapping R3 – SWELLING OF SAND RESULTING W25’, W17
W18 – PAINT POP-OUTS
INTO UNEVEN FLOORING
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OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS
FIRST FLOOR: FIRST FLOOR:

ENTRY

C1 C3 C3 C1
C4
C1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C1

- SEPERATION CRACK - LINTEL CRACKS

- WALL - DELAMINATION

- POP-OUTS
FFW1 – Lintel
Lintel Crack near C2
Crack
C1 C2 C2 C5 C5 C2 C2 C1 Removal of Plaster and
Delamination of Concrete at
C1 C3 C3 C1 Dome 1

Ring Beam Separation Crack at FFW2

First Floor Distress Mapping 17 18

OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS
• Thus, for First Floor bifurcating Structural and Non-Structural Observations: FOURTH FLOOR:
1. Slab Level:
STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS
Affected
Sr.No. Type Cause - DELAMINATION
Area/Member
- SPLTTING OF STEEL
Improper bonding between
1 Separation Crack FFW2 - CORROSION
column and Wall
- SEPERATION CRACK
Delamination of
2 Corrosion of Steel Dome 1
Concrete - POP-OUTS

Improper bond between lintel - UNEVEN FLOORING

3 Lintel Crack FFW1, near C2
beam and adjacent wall. - WALL
NON-STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS
1 Plaster Pop-Outs Moisture Dome 1

Fourth Floor Slab Level

19 Distress Mapping 20
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OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS
FOURTH FLOOR: FOURTH FLOOR:
1. Slab Level: 1. Slab Level:
Splitting of
Steel =
Meridional 4cm
Beams

Pop-Outs

Separation
Splitting of Steel – 1cm
Crack
Splitting of Steel
Separation and
Corroded Crack Delamination of
Corrosion of Steel and
Bars Concrete
small amount of
Delamination

Dome 1 Dome 2
Dome 3
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OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS
FOURTH FLOOR: FOURTH FLOOR:
1. Slab Level: 1. Slab Level:

Separation
Crack
(separating Pop-Outs,
Meridional Delamination
Beam and of Concrete
Wall) on and Corrosion
both side of Chemical Attack at Beam – od Steel
wall. Column Junction (Beam 4B2)

Crack Width
= 3mm

Differing Differing
Dome 4 Reinforcement Reinforcement
Dome 5 Arrangement
Dome 6 Arrangement

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OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS
FOURTH FLOOR: FOURTH FLOOR:
1. Slab Level: 2. Roof Level:

- DELAMINATION

- CORROSION

- SEPERATION CRACK

- POP-OUTS

- NOT VISIBLE PART

Uneven Flooring at the

Corridor of Fourth Floor Fourth Floor Roof Level
Distress Mapping
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OBSERVATIONS OBSERVATIONS
FOURTH FLOOR: • Thus, for Fourth Floor bifurcating Structural and Non-Structural Observations:
2. Roof Level:
STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS
Sr.N
Type Cause
o.
1 Corrosion Carbonation or Moisture effect
2 Uneven Flooring Swelling of material beneath the floor
Delamination of
Improper bond between meridional beam
Concrete at S4 3 Separation Cracks
and adjacent wall
Separation Crack at
Delamination of
S2 and S3 4 Improper mix of concrete and corrosion
Concrete
5 Splitting of Steel Corrosion
NON-STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS
1 Chemical Attack Environmental Exposure
Fourth Floor 2 Plaster Pop-Outs Moisture
Pop-outs, Corrosion of
Roof Level Steel at S1 3 Paint Pop-Outs Moisture

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OBSERVATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
OUTER PERIPHERY:
o From the inspection, it is clear that most of the delamination of the concrete is
ENTRY
caused due to the reinforcement corrosion. Thus, it is necessary to repair these
N
Separation Crack – Separating corroded steel reinforcements. Initiating from the cleaning of the rebars through high
Map Cracking Meridional Beams

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pressure water cleaning followed by replacement of the complete rebar as the
corrosion is seen to have affected largely.
o Complete Bar replacement method is suitable for the repair of the splitting of the
steel reinforcement.

Cracks separating horizontal Exposed Reinforcement

rings of the dome
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RECOMMENDATIONS
o The separation cracks separating different members of the system and Lintel cracks
shall be repaired through epoxy grouting.
o Plaster shall be applied all over again to entire building followed by the Painting of
the building.
o The flooring shall be carried out evenly by testing the soil beneath and carrying out
appropriate measures to avoid the swelling of soil on the ground floor.
CONCLUSION
• From the visual inspection carried out for the R & D Building of Himalaya Machinery, it
is concluded that the building is considerably distressed.
• Considering the distress and damage of the structural members, it is advised to repair
and strengthen the entire building as it has almost completed 30years of service life.
• Based on the observations of both structural and non-structural member, a detailed
structural assessment is required for more precise and accurate survey.
• However, we recommend to strengthen the building considering the age of the
building as well as the owner’s future requirement of the building as an educational
institute.

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THANK
YOU

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